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Rodgers EG, Al-Mohtaseb Z, Chen AJ. Topical Losartan for Treating Corneal Haze After Ultraviolet-A/Riboflavin Collagen Cross-Linking. Cornea 2024; 43:1165-1170. [PMID: 38573840 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to report our first clinical experience using topical losartan for the treatment of severe corneal haze after epithelium-off corneal cross-linking (CXL). METHODS A 20-year-old man presented with clinically significant corneal haze in the right eye 1 month following Ultraviolet-A/Riboflavin Epithelium-off Collagen CXL. Haze progressed to a deep stromal scar, and vision was 20/150 with no improvement on refraction, 60 days after CXL. After unsuccessful treatment with topical corticosteroids, the patient elected to start off-label treatment with topical losartan 0.8 mg/mL, administered 6 times per day. RESULTS After 3 months of initiating topical losartan, the right eye vision improved to preoperative vision of 20/40-1. Corneal haze was significantly reduced as observed on slitlamp examination and on Scheimpflug corneal tomography (Pentacam; OCULUS, Inc. Arlington, WA). CONCLUSIONS Topical losartan, a transforming growth factor-β inhibitor, is a potential treatment in clinically significant corneal haze following epithelium-off corneal CXL. This clinical experience highlights the potential efficacy of topical losartan as a novel therapeutic option in such cases, but further clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison J Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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2
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Lin FY, Ho RW, Yu HJ, Yang IH, Fang PC, Kuo MT. Impacts and Correlations on Corneal Biomechanics, Corneal Optical Density and Intraocular Pressure after Cataract Surgery. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1557. [PMID: 39061693 PMCID: PMC11275892 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the extended effects and interrelations of corneal biomechanics, corneal optical density (COD), corneal thickness (CT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) following cataract surgery. Sixteen eyes were analyzed prospectively. The Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) device assessed corneal biomechanics, while the Pentacam AxL® (Pentacam) measured COD and CT. Postoperative data were collected around six months after surgery, with a subgroup analysis of data at nine months. The Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between surgical-induced changes in corneal biomechanics and COD. At six months, significant postoperative differences were observed in various biomechanical indices, including uncorrected IOP (IOPuct) and biomechanics-corrected IOP (bIOP). However, many indices lost statistical significance by the nine-month mark, suggesting the reversibility of postoperative corneal changes. Postoperative COD increased at the anterior layer of the 2-6 mm annulus and incision site. The changes in COD correlated with certain biomechanical indices, including maximal (Max) deformative amplitude (DA) and stiffness parameter (SP). In conclusion, despite significant immediate postoperative changes, corneal biomechanics, COD, and IOP experienced a gradual recovery process following cataract surgery. Clinicians should maintain vigilance for any unusual changes during the short-term observation period to detect abnormalities early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yang Lin
- Medical Education Department, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Ren-Wen Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan; (R.-W.H.); (H.-J.Y.); (I.-H.Y.); (P.-C.F.)
| | - Hun-Ju Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan; (R.-W.H.); (H.-J.Y.); (I.-H.Y.); (P.-C.F.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan
| | - I-Hui Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan; (R.-W.H.); (H.-J.Y.); (I.-H.Y.); (P.-C.F.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chiung Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan; (R.-W.H.); (H.-J.Y.); (I.-H.Y.); (P.-C.F.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tse Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan; (R.-W.H.); (H.-J.Y.); (I.-H.Y.); (P.-C.F.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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3
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Surovtseva MA, Krasner KY, Kim II, Surovtsev NV, Chepeleva EV, Bondarenko NA, Lykov AP, Bgatova NP, Alshevskaya AA, Trunov AN, Chernykh VV, Poveshchenko OV. Reversed Corneal Fibroblasts Therapy Restores Transparency of Mouse Cornea after Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7053. [PMID: 39000162 PMCID: PMC11241278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies using corneal stromal stem cells (CSSC), corneal keratocytes, or a combination of both suppress corneal scarring. The number of quiescent keratocytes in the cornea is small; it is difficult to expand them in vitro in quantities suitable for transplantation. This study examined the therapeutic effect of corneal fibroblasts reversed into keratocytes (rCF) in a mouse model of mechanical corneal injury. The therapeutic effect of rCF was studied in vivo (slit lamp, optical coherence tomography) and ex vivo (transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining). Injection of rCF into the injured cornea was accompanied by recovery of corneal thickness, improvement of corneal transparency, reduction of type III collagen in the stroma, absence of myofibroblasts, and the improvement in the structural organization of collagen fibers. TEM results showed that 2 months after intrastromal injection of cells, there was a decrease in the fibril density and an increase in the fibril diameter and the average distance between collagen fibrils. The fibrils were well ordered and maintained the short-range order and the number of nearest-neighbor fibrils, although the averaged distance between them increased. Our results demonstrated that the cell therapy of rCF from ReLEx SMILe lenticules promotes the recovery of transparent corneal stroma after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Surovtseva
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kristina Yu Krasner
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk Branch of S. Fedorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 10 Kolkhidskaya Str., 630096 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina I Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Surovtsev
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Koptyug St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V Chepeleva
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Bondarenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander P Lykov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya P Bgatova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alina A Alshevskaya
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Russian Federation, 2, Building 4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Trunov
- Novosibirsk Branch of S. Fedorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 10 Kolkhidskaya Str., 630096 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valery V Chernykh
- Novosibirsk Branch of S. Fedorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 10 Kolkhidskaya Str., 630096 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga V Poveshchenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Ogata FT, Verma S, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Gesteira TF. TGF-β-Based Therapies for Treating Ocular Surface Disorders. Cells 2024; 13:1105. [PMID: 38994958 PMCID: PMC11240592 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornea is continuously exposed to injuries, ranging from minor scratches to deep traumas. An effective healing mechanism is crucial for the cornea to restore its structure and function following major and minor insults. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β), a versatile signaling molecule that coordinates various cell responses, has a central role in corneal wound healing. Upon corneal injury, TGF-β is rapidly released into the extracellular environment, triggering cell migration and proliferation, the differentiation of keratocytes into myofibroblasts, and the initiation of the repair process. TGF-β-mediated processes are essential for wound closure; however, excessive levels of TGF-β can lead to fibrosis and scarring, causing impaired vision. Three primary isoforms of TGF-β exist-TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3. Although TGF-β isoforms share many structural and functional similarities, they present distinct roles in corneal regeneration, which adds an additional layer of complexity to understand the role of TGF-β in corneal wound healing. Further, aberrant TGF-β activity has been linked to various corneal pathologies, such as scarring and Peter's Anomaly. Thus, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which TGF-β1-3 regulate corneal wound healing will enable the development of potential therapeutic interventions targeting the key molecule in this process. Herein, we summarize the multifaceted roles of TGF-β in corneal wound healing, dissecting its mechanisms of action and interactions with other molecules, and outline its role in corneal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando T Ogata
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110078, India
| | | | - Tarsis F Gesteira
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Trujillo Cubillo L, Gurdal M, Zeugolis DI. Corneal fibrosis: From in vitro models to current and upcoming drug and gene medicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115317. [PMID: 38642593 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases are characterised by myofibroblast differentiation, uncontrolled pathological extracellular matrix accumulation, tissue contraction, scar formation and, ultimately tissue / organ dysfunction. The cornea, the transparent tissue located on the anterior chamber of the eye, is extremely susceptible to fibrotic diseases, which cause loss of corneal transparency and are often associated with blindness. Although topical corticosteroids and antimetabolites are extensively used in the management of corneal fibrosis, they are associated with glaucoma, cataract formation, corneoscleral melting and infection, imposing the need of far more effective therapies. Herein, we summarise and discuss shortfalls and recent advances in in vitro models (e.g. transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) / ascorbic acid / interleukin (IL) induced) and drug (e.g. TGF-β inhibitors, epigenetic modulators) and gene (e.g. gene editing, gene silencing) therapeutic strategies in the corneal fibrosis context. Emerging therapeutical agents (e.g. neutralising antibodies, ligand traps, receptor kinase inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides) that have shown promise in clinical setting but have not yet assessed in corneal fibrosis context are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trujillo Cubillo
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mehmet Gurdal
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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Guclu H, Sattarpanah S, Gurlu V. Association of Changes in Thickness of Limbal Epithelial and Stroma with Corneal Scars Detected by High-Resolution Anterior Segment Optic Coherence Tomography. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2024; 241:744-750. [PMID: 35504299 DOI: 10.1055/a-1842-2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the corneal central and limbal thickness in cornea scar patients using high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and to determine the changes in the limbal region due to the corneal scar. Also, to evaluate tear film parameters in scar patients. METHODS Thirty patients with central corneal scar and 30 control subjects. The control subjects were healthy individuals who came to our clinic for routine ophthalmological examination. They were enrolled in this matched case-control study. Central epithelial thickness (ET), stromal thickness (ST), limbal epithelial thickness (LET), and limbal stromal thickness (LST) were analyzed using high-resolution AS-OCT. For evaluation of the ocular surface, the following techniques were used: tear break-up time (BUT) employing standard sterile strips of fluorescein sodium, Schirmer test-I (SCH), and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) Questionnaire. RESULTS The mean central ET of the patient group was 51.5 ± 12.4 µm, while the mean central ET of the control group was 59.2 ± 9.0 µm. There was a statistically significant difference between patients and controls (p = 0.008). The mean LST of the patients was 747.9 ± 115.7 µm, and the mean LST of the controls was 726.3 ± 79.7 µm. There was a statistically significant difference between patients and controls according to BUT (p = 0.009) and SCH (p = 0.04). However, there was no significant difference between OSDI results of patients and controls (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION Corneal monitoring with high-resolution AS-OCT is a simple, noninvasive, useful technique for corneal scar patients. Cornea scars cause decreased ET. This result could be associated with lower tear film parameters in scar patients. The scar length is associated with higher intraocular pressure (IOP) values. Decreased LET and increased LST were detected in scar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Guclu
- Ophthalmology, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | | | - Vuslat Gurlu
- Ophthalmology, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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7
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Na KS, Kim D, Kim H, Koh WG, Lee HJ. The combined effect of epidermal growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor delivered by hyaluronic acid hydrogel on corneal wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132365. [PMID: 38750850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
This study strategically incorporates epidermal growth factor (EGF) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) within a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel to enhance corneal wound healing. The controlled release of EGF and KGF from the HA hydrogel is engineered to promote the regeneration of both the epithelial and stromal layers. Specifically, EGF plays a pivotal role in the regeneration of the epithelial layer, while KGF exhibits efficacy in the regeneration of the stromal layer. The combination of these growth factors facilitates efficient regeneration of each layer and demonstrates the capability to modulate each other's regenerative effects. The interplay between EGF and KGF provides an understanding of their cooperative influence on the dynamics of corneal wound healing. The results of this study contribute to the development of advanced strategies for corneal wound management and offer insights into the complex process of corneal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sun Na
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jong Lee
- School of Chemical, Biological and Battery Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Jin L, Zhang L, Yan C, Liu M, Dean DC, Liu Y. Corneal injury repair and the potential involvement of ZEB1. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 11:20. [PMID: 38822380 PMCID: PMC11143703 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-024-00387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The cornea, consisting of three cellular and two non-cellular layers, is the outermost part of the eyeball and frequently injured by external physical, chemical, and microbial insults. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in the repair of corneal injuries. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), an important transcription factor involved in EMT, is expressed in the corneal tissues. It regulates cell activities like migration, transformation, and proliferation, and thereby affects tissue inflammation, fibrosis, tumor metastasis, and necrosis by mediating various major signaling pathways, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Dysfunction of ZEB1 would impair corneal tissue repair leading to epithelial healing delay, interstitial fibrosis, neovascularization, and squamous cell metaplasia. Understanding the mechanism underlying ZEB1 regulation of corneal injury repair will help us to formulate a therapeutic approach to enhance corneal injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Chunxiao Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Mengxin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Douglas C Dean
- James Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Yongqing Liu
- James Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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9
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Kafili G, Niknejad H, Tamjid E, Simchi A. Amnion-derived hydrogels as a versatile platform for regenerative therapy: from lab to market. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1358977. [PMID: 38468689 PMCID: PMC10925797 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1358977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the amnion (AM) has emerged as a versatile tool for stimulating tissue regeneration and has been of immense interest for clinical applications. AM is an abundant and cost-effective tissue source that does not face strict ethical issues for biomedical applications. The outstanding biological attributes of AM, including side-dependent angiogenesis, low immunogenicity, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and antibacterial properties facilitate its usage for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the clinical usage of thin AM sheets is accompanied by some limitations, such as handling without folding or tearing and the necessity for sutures to keep the material over the wound, which requires additional considerations. Therefore, processing the decellularized AM (dAM) tissue into a temperature-sensitive hydrogel has expanded its processability and applicability as an injectable hydrogel for minimally invasive therapies and a source of bioink for the fabrication of biomimetic tissue constructs by recapitulating desired biochemical cues or pre-defined architectural design. This article reviews the multi-functionality of dAM hydrogels for various biomedical applications, including skin repair, heart treatment, cartilage regeneration, endometrium regeneration, vascular graft, dental pulp regeneration, and cell culture/carrier platform. Not only recent and cutting-edge research is reviewed but also available commercial products are introduced and their main features and shortcomings are elaborated. Besides the great potential of AM-derived hydrogels for regenerative therapy, intensive interdisciplinary studies are still required to modify their mechanical and biological properties in order to broaden their therapeutic benefits and biomedical applications. Employing additive manufacturing techniques (e.g., bioprinting), nanotechnology approaches (e.g., inclusion of various bioactive nanoparticles), and biochemical alterations (e.g., modification of dAM matrix with photo-sensitive molecules) are of particular interest. This review article aims to discuss the current function of dAM hydrogels for the repair of target tissues and identifies innovative methods for broadening their potential applications for nanomedicine and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golara Kafili
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Convergence Science and Technology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Tamjid
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Convergence Science and Technology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Bioscience and Technology, Institute for Convergence Science and Technology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Zhao JY, He YX, Wu ML, Wang RQ. The application of high-throughput sequencing technology in corneal diseases. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:53. [PMID: 38340174 PMCID: PMC10858842 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing technology, also known as next-generation sequencing technology, can explore new biomarkers and specific gene mutations. It has a pivotal role in promoting the gene research, which can limit the detection area, lessen the time needed for sequencing. Also, it can quickly screen out the suspected pathogenic genes of patients, gain the necessary genetic data, and provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling. In the research of corneal diseases, through the DNA sequencing of patients' diseased cells, it can provide a deeper understanding of corneal diseases and improve the diagnosis, classification and treatment alternatives of various corneal diseases. This article will introduce the application progress of high-throughput sequencing technology in corneal diseases, which will help to understand the application of this technology in various corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Xi He
- The Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Mei Liang Wu
- The Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Qing Wang
- The Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
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11
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Huang J, Jiang T, Li J, Qie J, Cheng X, Wang Y, Zhou T, Liu J, Han H, Yao K, Yu L. Biomimetic Corneal Stroma for Scarless Corneal Wound Healing via Structural Restoration and Microenvironment Modulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302889. [PMID: 37988231 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Corneal injury-induced stromal scarring causes the most common subtype of corneal blindness, and there is an unmet need to promote scarless corneal wound healing. Herein, a biomimetic corneal stroma with immunomodulatory properties is bioengineered for scarless corneal defect repair. First, a fully defined serum-free system is established to derive stromal keratocytes (hAESC-SKs) from a current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP)-grade human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs), and RNA-seq is used to validate the phenotypic transition. Moreover, hAESC-SKs are shown to possess robust immunomodulatory properties in addition to the keratocyte phenotype. Inspired by the corneal stromal extracellular matrix (ECM), a photocurable gelatin-based hydrogel is fabricated to serve as a scaffold for hAESC-SKs for bioengineering of a biomimetic corneal stroma. The rabbit corneal defect model is used to confirm that this biomimetic corneal stroma rapidly restores the corneal structure, and effectively reshapes the tissue microenvironment via proteoglycan secretion to promote transparency and inhibition of the inflammatory cascade to alleviate fibrosis, which synergistically reduces scar formation by ≈75% in addition to promoting wound healing. Overall, the strategy proposed here provides a promising solution for scarless corneal defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Huang
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection & College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tuoying Jiang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection & College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection & College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Health Industry, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, P. R. China
| | - Jiqiao Qie
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Tinglian Zhou
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection & College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Haijie Han
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Luyang Yu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection & College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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12
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Wang S, Mittal SK, Lee S, Herrera AE, Krauthammer M, Elbasiony E, Blanco T, Alemi H, Nakagawa H, Chauhan SK, Dana R, Dohlman TH. Effector T Cells Promote Fibrosis in Corneal Transplantation Failure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:40. [PMID: 38261311 PMCID: PMC10810018 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate whether fibrosis contributes to corneal transplant failure and to determine whether effector CD4+ T cells, the key immune cells in corneal transplant rejection, play a direct role in fibrosis formation. Methods Allogeneic corneal transplantation was performed in mice. Graft opacity was evaluated by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and fibrosis was assessed by in vivo confocal microscopy. Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in both accepted and failed grafts was assessed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Frequencies of graft-infiltrating CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages were assessed using flow cytometry. In vitro, MK/T-1 corneal fibroblasts were co-cultured with activated CD4+CD25- effector T cells isolated from corneal transplant recipient mice, and α-SMA expression was quantified by real-time PCR and ELISA. Neutralizing antibody was used to evaluate the role of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in promoting α-SMA expression. Results The majority of failed grafts demonstrated clinical signs of fibrosis which became most evident at week 6 after corneal transplantation. Failed grafts showed higher expression of α-SMA as compared to accepted grafts. Flow cytometry analysis showed a significant increase in CD4+ T cells in failed grafts compared to accepted grafts. Co-culture of activated CD4+CD25- effector T cells with corneal fibroblasts led to an increase in α-SMA expression by fibroblasts. Inhibition of IFN-γ in culture significantly suppressed this increase in α-SMA expression as compared to immunoglobulin G control. Conclusions Fibrosis contributes to graft opacity in corneal transplant failure and is mediated at least in part by effector CD4+ T cells via IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sharad K. Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Seokjoo Lee
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Antonio Esquivel Herrera
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mark Krauthammer
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elsayed Elbasiony
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tomas Blanco
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hamid Alemi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hayate Nakagawa
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sunil K. Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Thomas H. Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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13
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Sanie-Jahromi F, Sanie Jahromi MS. In Vitro Effect of Propofol on the Expression of Genes Involved in Inflammation and Apoptosis in Corneal Activated Keratocytes. Cornea 2024; 43:105-110. [PMID: 37702602 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effect of propofol (0.5, 5, and 50 μM) on the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines [ IL-1β , IL-6 , transforming growth factor β ( TGF-β ), and LIF ] and apoptosis process ( BCL-2 and Bax ) in corneal activated keratocytes (CAKs). METHODS CAKs (10 6 cells/10 cm 2 ) were exposed to propofol at a concentration of 0.5, 5, and 50 μM for 24 hours at 37°C. The control group did not receive propofol at the same time or under the same condition. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction, complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to quantify the relative expression of IL-1β , IL-6 , TGF-β , LIF , BCL-2 , and Bax expression in the treated versus control cells. RESULT The results of this study showed that propofol treatment (0.5 and 5 μM) led to the downregulation of IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression in CAKs. TGF-β (with a role in fibrogenesis) was not changed in 0.5 and 5 μM propofol-treated CAKs, whereas CAKs treated with 50 μM propofol showed upregulation of the TGF-β gene. LIF (with a role in regeneration) was upregulated in 0.5 and 5 μM propofol-treated CAKs. The BCL-2/Bax ratio (as the antiapoptosis index) was increased in CAKs treated with 0.5 μM propofol and indicated the induction of an antiapoptotic effect. CONCLUSIONS We showed that CAKs treatment with propofol, at concentrations of 0.5 and 5 μM, could decrease the expression of genes related to inflammation and enhance the genes associated with cell regeneration. While 50 μM propofol treatment might induce CAK fibrogenesis. This proof-of-concept study could preserve a groundwork for future drug design for the treatment of corneal stromal diseases and ocular regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Shiraz, Iran; and
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14
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Wang Z, Castro N, Bernstein AM, Wolosin JM. TGFβ1-driven SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and myofibroblast emergence are fully dependent on the TGFβ1 pre-activation of MAPKs and controlled by maternal leucine zipper kinase. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110963. [PMID: 37931692 PMCID: PMC10959399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Following wounding, endogenously secreted TGFβs drive resident and bone marrow-derived cells to convert into α-smooth actin (SMA)-rich, contractile myofibroblasts. The TGFβ effect is initiated by the phosphorylation of SMADs 2 and 3 (SMAD2/3). This event has been referred to as the canonical response to TGFβ. TGFβ also elicits other responses viewed as parallel events not directly connected to the SMAD activation, and thus referred to as noncanonical. A recognized response is the phosphorylation of the -activated kinase (TAK1/MAP3K), an upstream component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. We have now examined the relationship between these two effects of TGFβ1 at their earliest stages. The bulk of the studies were carried out with primary fibroblasts derived from the human cornea. The results' widespread relevance was confirmed in critical experiments with dermal-, and Tenon's capsule-derived fibroblasts. Cells were treated with kinase inhibitors or targeting siRNAs followed by induction by 2 ng/ml TGFβ1, and/or 10 ng/ml TNF-α. Cells were collected after 1 to 30 min for Western blot analysis and assayed for the accumulation of phosphorylated TAK1, ASK1, JNK1/2, p38, HPS27, MELK, SMAD2/3, and GAPDH. The effect of the kinase inhibitors on α-SMA expression and α-SMA stress fiber organization was also tested. For the immediate response to TGFβ1 we found that a) activation of the MAPK pathway was completed within 1 min after the addition of TGFβ1; b) phosphorylation of JNK1/2 was fully dependent on TAK1 and ASK1 activity, c) phosphorylation of MELK was fully dependent on JNK1/2 activity; d) phosphorylation of ASK1 depends on MELK activity, indicating the existence of an ASK1-MELK positive activation feedback loop; e) phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 started only after a 5 min period and reached a nadir after 10-15 min, f) the latter phosphorylation was fully blocked by inhibition of TAK1, ASK1, JNK1/2, and MELK, and siRNA-driven MELK downregulation; g) the inhibitors equally blocked the α-SMA protein expression, stress fiber development, and cell morphology changes at 72 h. These results demonstrate that the activation of the canonical pathway is fully subordinate to the activity of the MAPK pathway, challenging the concept of canonical and noncanonical TGFβ pathways and that SMAD2/3 activation is mediated by MELK, a kinase not previously associated with rapid pharmacological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nileyma Castro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Audrey M Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; New York VA Health Care, Medical Center, Syracuse, VA, USA
| | - J Mario Wolosin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Feliciano AJ, Grant R, Fernández-Pérez J, Giselbrecht S, Baker MB. Introducing Dynamicity: Engineering Stress Relaxation Into Hydrogels Via Thiol-Ene Modified Alginate for Mechanobiological in vitro Modeling of the Cornea. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300109. [PMID: 37401723 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing biomaterials for corneal repair and regeneration is crucial for maintaining clear vision. The cornea, a specialized tissue, relies on corneal keratocytes, that respond to their mechanical environment. Altering stiffness affects keratocyte behavior, but static stiffness alone cannot capture the dynamic properties of in vivo tissue. This study proposes that the cornea exhibits time-dependent mechanical properties, similar to other tissues, and aims to replicate these properties in potential therapeutic matrices. First, the cornea's stress relaxation properties are investigated using nanoindentation, revealing 15% relaxation within 10 seconds. Hydrogel dynamicity is then modulated using a specially formulated alginate-PEG and alginate-norbornene mixture. The tuning of the hydrogel's dynamicity is achieved through a photoinitiated norbornene-norbornene dimerization reaction, resulting in relaxation times ranging from 30 seconds to 10 minutes. Human primary corneal keratocytes are cultured on these hydrogels, demonstrating reduced αSMA (alpha smooth muscle actin) expression and increased filopodia formation on slower relaxing hydrogels, resembling their native phenotype. This in vitro model can enable the optimization of stress relaxation for various cell types, including corneal keratocytes, to control tissue formation. Combining stress relaxation optimization with stiffness assessment provides a more accurate tool for studying cell behavior and reduces mechanical mismatch with native tissues in implanted constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Feliciano
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rhiannon Grant
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Julia Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Matthew B Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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16
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Wu PS, Liu HY, Wong TH, Lin JT, Hu FR, Lin MH. Comparative Proteomics Reveals Prolonged Corneal Preservation Impaired Ocular Surface Immunity Accompanied by Fibrosis in Human Stroma. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3730-3741. [PMID: 37976471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cornea transplantation is one of the most commonly performed allotransplantations worldwide. Prolonged storage of donor corneas leads to decreased endothelial cell viability, severe stromal edema, and opacification, significantly compromising the success rate of corneal transplantation. Corneal stroma, which constitutes the majority of the cornea, plays a crucial role in maintaining its shape and transparency. In this study, we conducted proteomic analysis of corneal stroma preserved in Optisol-GS medium at 4 °C for 7 or 14 days to investigate molecular changes during storage. Among 1923 identified proteins, 1634 were quantifiable and 387 were significantly regulated with longer preservation. Compared to stroma preserved for 7 days, proteins involved in ocular surface immunomodulation were largely downregulated while proteins associated with extracellular matrix reorganization and fibrosis were upregulated in those preserved for 14 days. The increase in extracellular matrix structural proteins together with upregulation of growth factor signaling implies the occurrence of stromal fibrosis, which may compromise tissue clarity and cause vision impairments. This study is the first to provide insights into how storage duration affects corneal stroma from a proteomic perspective. Our findings may contribute to future research efforts aimed at developing long-term preservation techniques and improving the quality of preserved corneas, thus maximizing their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Wong
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ti Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Rong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Hsia Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
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17
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Di Zazzo A, Cutrupi F, De Antoniis MG, Ricci M, Esposito G, Antonini M, Coassin M, Micera A, Perrella E, Bonini S. Tissue Remodeling in Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:17. [PMID: 38095906 PMCID: PMC10723221 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (OcMMP) is a rare eye disease characterized by relapsing-remitting or persisting long-lasting inflammatory events associated with progressive scarring. Despite long-term immunomodulating therapy, abnormal fibrosis keeps worsening in patients with OcMMP. This study investigates the fibrotic process in patients with OcMMP, as well as the critical role of the epithelium in modulating the local fibrosis. Methods In this prospective, observational pilot study, patients affected by long-lasting OcMMP were compared with age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Clinical grading was assessed, and conjunctival biopsy and impression cytology were performed. Conjunctival samples were used for quantifying the expression of transcripts regulating the inflammatory and fibrogenic processes. Results Ocular surface clinical and functional markers worsened in patients with OcMMP with fibrotic disease progression. In more advanced disease stages, both impression cytologies and conjunctival biopsies revealed increased tissue remodeling and profibrotic markers (α-SMA and TGF-β), and decreased levels of inflammatory markers (I-CAM1, IL-10, and IL-17). Increased epithelial expression of profibrotic markers and histological changes were detected. Conclusions Chronic OcMMP is characterized by a progressive, aberrant self-sustaining fibrotic process that worsens clinical signs and symptoms. Conjunctival epithelial cells may transdifferentiate into myofibroblast-like phenotypes when chronically exposed to high levels of inflammation, as in the case of OcMMP. Tissue remodeling markers in OcMMP could be used as early diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers, harvested in a non-invasive and painless procedure such as impression cytologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Zazzo
- Ophthalmology, Foundation Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cutrupi
- Ophthalmology, Foundation Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Milena Ricci
- Ophthalmology, Foundation Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Graziana Esposito
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Science, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Antonini
- Ophthalmology, Foundation Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Coassin
- Ophthalmology, Foundation Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Science, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Perrella
- Anatomical Pathology, Foundation Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonini
- Ophthalmology, Foundation Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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18
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Alemi H, Dehghani S, Forouzanfar K, Surico PL, Narimatsu A, Musayeva A, Sharifi S, Wang S, Dohlman TH, Yin J, Chen Y, Dana R. Insights into mustard gas keratopathy- characterizing corneal layer-specific changes in mice exposed to nitrogen mustard. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109657. [PMID: 37722586 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mustard agents, such as sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM), often results in ocular surface damage. This can lead to the emergence of various corneal disorders that are collectively referred to as mustard gas keratopathy (MGK). In this study, we aimed to develop a mouse model of MGK by using ocular NM exposure, and describe the subsequent structural changes analyzed across the different layers of the cornea. A 3 μL solution of 0.25 mg/mL or 5 mg/mL NM was applied to the center of the cornea via a 2-mm filter paper for 5 min. Mice were evaluated prior to and after exposure on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 for 4 weeks using slit lamp examination with fluorescein staining. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) tracked changes in the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium of the cornea. Histologic evaluation was used to examine corneal cross-sections collected at the completion of follow-up. Following exposure, mice experienced central corneal epithelial erosion and thinning, accompanied by a decreased number of nerve branches in the subbasal plexus and increased activated keratocytes in the stroma in both dosages. The epithelium was recovered by day 3 in the low dose group, followed by exacerbated punctuate erosions alongside persistent corneal edema that arose and continued onward to four weeks post-exposure. The high dose group showed persistent epitheliopathy throughout the study. The endothelial cell density was reduced, more prominent in the high dose group, early after NM exposure, which persisted until the end of follow-up, along with increased polymegethism and pleomorphism. Microstructural changes in the central cornea at 4 weeks post-exposure included dysmorphic basal epithelial cells and reduced epithelial thickness, and in the limbal cornea included decreased cellular layers. We present a mouse model of MGK using NM that successfully replicates ocular injury caused by SM in humans who have been exposed to mustard gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Alemi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shima Dehghani
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katayoon Forouzanfar
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pier Luigi Surico
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akitomo Narimatsu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aytan Musayeva
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sina Sharifi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shudan Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas H Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia Yin
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Yin H, Wang L, Gong R, Zhang X, Ma K. Development of interface haze after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis with accelerated corneal crosslinking: a case series. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4333-4342. [PMID: 37495937 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) with accelerated corneal crosslinking (FS-LASIK Xtra) is a recent procedure to achieve safer corneal ablation in myopic patients with borderline corneal thickness. Despite its well-accepted effectiveness, the development of remarkable interface haze is a potential concern but has rarely been reported and discussed. METHODS We report for the first time a case series of 11 eyes of 7 patients who developed typical interface haze 1-3 months after FS-LASIK Xtra for the correction of myopia with astigmatism, with intensity grades ranging from 0.5 + to 3 + at the time of onset. RESULTS The preclinical spherical diopters of the 7 patients ranged from - 2.25 D to - 9.25 D and cylindrical diopters ranged from - 0.25 D to - 2.50 D. The haze tended to be self-limiting, and topical anti-inflammatory therapy was given to moderate and severe cases, who responded well to treatment. CONCLUSIONS The development of clinically significant interface haze is a relatively rare complication after FS-LASIK Xtra but tends to have a higher incidence and intensity compared to conventional stromal surgery such as FS-LASIK. Timely treatment and close follow-up are essential to patients undertaking FS-LASIK Xtra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Tang Y, Du E, Wang G, Qin F, Meng Z, Dai L, Wang Y, Ren S. A negative feedback loop centered on SMAD3 expression in transforming growth factor β1-induced corneal myofibroblast differentiation. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109654. [PMID: 37734427 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
SMAD3 downregulation is documented in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced corneal fibroblasts differentiation to myofibroblasts ("fibroTOmyoDiff") or corneal wound healing. However, the exact regulatory mechanism of TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway in this context remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role and related mechanism of SMAD3 down-regulation in TGF-β1-induced human corneal fibroTOmyoDiff. By detecting expression changes of SMAD family during this process, we demonstrated that SMAD3 protein expression was dramatically decreased in the process and the decrease occurred mainly in SMAD3 gene transcription. Furthermore, SMAD3 overexpression using lentivirus infection and knockdown using sgRNA lentivirus infection or siRNAs revealed that SMAD3 overexpression enhanced TGF-β1-induced corneal fibroTOmyoDiff and vice versa. In addition, specific siRNAs and inhibitors targeting particular signaling pathway were used to figure out the intracellular signaling pathway regulating SMAD3, and the result showed that the decease of SMAD3 induced by TGF-β1 stimulation in human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) was strikingly prevented by SMAD4 knockdown or p38 signaling inhibitor SB203580 treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate that, in TGF-β1 induced corneal fibroTOmyoDiff, down-regulation of SMAD3 expression regulated by SMAD4 and p38 signaling pathways forms a negative feedback loop of TGFβ signaling to avoid excessive activation of the signaling, which suggest that SMAD3 may be a key target for corneal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlan Tang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Enming Du
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Fangyuan Qin
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zhihong Meng
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Lijuan Dai
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Shengwei Ren
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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21
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Chameettachal S, Venuganti A, Parekh Y, Prasad D, Joshi VP, Vashishtha A, Basu S, Singh V, Bokara KK, Pati F. Human cornea-derived extracellular matrix hydrogel for prevention of post-traumatic corneal scarring: A translational approach. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:289-307. [PMID: 37683964 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Corneal scarring and opacification are a significant cause of blindness affecting millions worldwide. The current standard of care for corneal blindness is corneal transplantation, which suffers from several drawbacks. One alternative approach that has shown promise is the use of xenogeneic corneal extracellular matrix (ECM), but its clinical applicability is challenging due to safety concerns. This study reports the innovative use of human cornea-derived ECM to prevent post-traumatic corneal scarring. About 30 - 40% of corneas donated to the eye banks do not meet the standards defined for clinical use and are generally discarded, although they are completely screened for their safety. In this study, human cornea-derived decellularized ECM hydrogel was prepared from the non-transplantation grade human cadaveric corneas obtained from an accredited eye-bank. The prepared hydrogel was screened for its efficacy against corneal opacification following an injury in an animal model. Our in vivo study revealed that, the control collagen-treated group developed corneal opacification, while the prophylactic application of human cornea-derived hydrogel effectively prevented corneal scarring and opacification. The human hydrogel-treated corneas were indistinguishable from healthy corneas and comparable to those treated with the xenogeneic bovine corneal hydrogel. We also demonstrated that the application of the hydrogel retained the biological milieu including cell behavior, protein components, optical properties, curvature, and nerve regeneration by remodeling the corneal wound after injury. The hydrogel application is also sutureless, resulting in faster corneal healing. We envision that this human cornea-derived ECM-based hydrogel has potential clinical application in preventing scarring from corneal wounding. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There are significant challenges surrounding corneal regeneration after injury due to extensive scarring. Although there is substantial research on corneal regeneration, much of it uses synthetic materials with chemical cross-linking methods or xenogeneic tissue-based material devices which have to undergo exhaustive safety analysis before clinical trials. Herein, we demonstrate the potential application of a human corneal extracellular matrix hydrogel without any additional materials for scarless corneal tissue regeneration, and a method to reduce the wasting of donated allogenic corneal tissue from eye banks. We found no difference in efficacy between the usage of human tissues compared to xenogeneic sources. This may help ease clinical translation and can be used topically without sutures as an outpatient procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibu Chameettachal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Animith Venuganti
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Yash Parekh
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, ANNEXE II, Medical Biotechnology Complex, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deeksha Prasad
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vineet P Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India; Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anviti Vashishtha
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, ANNEXE II, Medical Biotechnology Complex, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Vivek Singh
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Kiran Kumar Bokara
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, ANNEXE II, Medical Biotechnology Complex, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India.
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22
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Rodrigues-Braz D, Zhu L, Gélizé E, Clarin JP, Chatagnon X, Benzine Y, Rampignon P, Thouvenin A, Bourges JL, Behar-Cohen F, Zhao M. Spironolactone Eyedrop Favors Restoration of Corneal Integrity after Wound Healing in the Rat. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1446. [PMID: 37895917 PMCID: PMC10609951 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal corneal wound healing can compromise corneal transparency and lead to visual impairment. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) are promising candidates to promote corneal remodeling with anti-inflammatory properties and lack gluococorticoids-associated side effects. In this preclinical study, a new polymer-free hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin-based eyedrop containing 0.1% spironolactone (SPL), a potent but non-water-soluble MRA, was investigated for its ocular surface tolerance and efficacy in a rat model of corneal wound healing. SPL eyedrops were stable for up to 9 months at 4 °C. The formulation was well-tolerated since no morphological changes or inflammatory reactions were observed in the rat cornea after multiple daily instillations over 7 days. SPL eyedrops accelerated rat corneal wound healing, reduced corneal edema and inflammation, enhanced epithelial integrity, and improved nerve regeneration, suggesting restoration of corneal homeostasis, while potassium canrenoate, an active and soluble metabolite of SPL, had no effect. SPL eyedrops could benefit patients with impaired corneal wound healing, including that secondary to glucocorticoid therapy. Repurposing known drugs with known excipients will expedite translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues-Braz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (D.R.-B.); (L.Z.); (E.G.); (J.-L.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Linxin Zhu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (D.R.-B.); (L.Z.); (E.G.); (J.-L.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Emmanuelle Gélizé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (D.R.-B.); (L.Z.); (E.G.); (J.-L.B.); (M.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Agathe Thouvenin
- CNRS, Inserm, UTCBS, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France;
- Département Recherche et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), AP-HP, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bourges
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (D.R.-B.); (L.Z.); (E.G.); (J.-L.B.); (M.Z.)
- Ophtalmopole, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (D.R.-B.); (L.Z.); (E.G.); (J.-L.B.); (M.Z.)
- Ophtalmopole, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
- Hôpital Foch, Service D’ophtalmologie, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Min Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (D.R.-B.); (L.Z.); (E.G.); (J.-L.B.); (M.Z.)
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23
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Choi AJ, Hefley BS, Nicholas SE, Cunningham RL, Karamichos D. Novel Correlation between TGF-β1/-β3 and Hormone Receptors in the Human Corneal Stroma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13635. [PMID: 37686439 PMCID: PMC10487450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the interplay between transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1/T1 and TGF-β3/T3), and sex hormone receptors using our 3D in vitro cornea stroma model. Primary human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) from healthy donors were plated in transwells at 106 cells/well and cultured for four weeks. HCFs were supplemented with stable vitamin C (VitC) and stimulated with T1 or T3. 3D construct proteins were analyzed for the androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), KiSS1-derived peptide receptor (KiSS1R/GPR54), and follicle-stimulating hormone subunit beta (FSH-B). In female constructs, T1 significantly upregulated AR, PR, ERα, FSHR, GnRHR, and KiSS1R. In male constructs, T1 significantly downregulated FSHR and FSH-B and significantly upregulated ERα, ERβ, and GnRHR. T3 caused significant upregulation in expressions PR, ERα, ERβ, LHR, FSHR, and GNRHR in female constructs, and significant downregulation of AR, ERα, and FSHR in male constructs. Semi-quantitative Western blot findings present the interplay between sex hormone receptors and TGF-β isoforms in the corneal stroma, which is influenced by sex as a biological variable (SABV). Additional studies are warranted to fully delineate their interactions and signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Choi
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.J.C.); (B.S.H.); (S.E.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Brenna S. Hefley
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.J.C.); (B.S.H.); (S.E.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Sarah E. Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.J.C.); (B.S.H.); (S.E.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Rebecca L. Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.J.C.); (B.S.H.); (S.E.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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24
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Yang C, Nguyen DD, Lai J. Poly(l-Histidine)-Mediated On-Demand Therapeutic Delivery of Roughened Ceria Nanocages for Treatment of Chemical Eye Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302174. [PMID: 37430140 PMCID: PMC10502830 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of topical bioactive formulations capable of overcoming the low bioavailability of conventional eye drops is critically important for efficient management of ocular chemical burns. Herein, a nanomedicine strategy is presented to harness the surface roughness-controlled ceria nanocages (SRCNs) and poly(l-histidine) surface coatings for triggering multiple bioactive roles of intrinsically therapeutic nanocarriers and promoting transport across corneal epithelial barriers as well as achieving on-demand release of dual drugs [acetylcholine chloride (ACh) and SB431542] at the lesion site. Specifically, the high surface roughness helps improve cellular uptake and therapeutic activity of SRCNs while exerting a negligible impact on good ocular biocompatibility of the nanomaterials. Moreover, the high poly(l-histidine) coating amount can endow the SRCNs with an ≈24-fold enhancement in corneal penetration and an effective smart release of ACh and SB431542 in response to endogenous pH changes caused by tissue injury/inflammation. In a rat model of alkali burn, topical single-dose nanoformulation can efficaciously reduce corneal wound areas (19-fold improvement as compared to a marketed eye drops), attenuate ≈93% abnormal blood vessels, and restore corneal transparency to almost normal at 4 days post-administration, suggesting great promise for designing multifunctional metallic nanotherapeutics for ocular pharmacology and tissue regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Jung Yang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan33302Taiwan
| | - Duc Dung Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan33302Taiwan
| | - Jui‐Yang Lai
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan33302Taiwan
- Department of OphthalmologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinkouTaoyuan33305Taiwan
- Department of Materials EngineeringMing Chi University of TechnologyNew Taipei City24301Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal MedicineCollege of Human EcologyChang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan33303Taiwan
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25
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Kumar R, Sinha NR, Mohan RR. Corneal gene therapy: Structural and mechanistic understanding. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:279-297. [PMID: 37244594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cornea, a dome-shaped and transparent front part of the eye, affords 2/3rd refraction and barrier functions. Globally, corneal diseases are the leading cause of vision impairment. Loss of corneal function including opacification involve the complex crosstalk and perturbation between a variety of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors generated by corneal keratocytes, epithelial cells, lacrimal tissues, nerves, and immune cells. Conventional small-molecule drugs can treat mild-to-moderate traumatic corneal pathology but requires frequent application and often fails to treat severe pathologies. The corneal transplant surgery is a standard of care to restore vision in patients. However, declining availability and rising demand of donor corneas are major concerns to maintain ophthalmic care. Thus, the development of efficient and safe nonsurgical methods to cure corneal disorders and restore vision in vivo is highly desired. Gene-based therapy has huge potential to cure corneal blindness. To achieve a nonimmunogenic, safe and sustained therapeutic response, the selection of a relevant genes, gene editing methods and suitable delivery vectors are vital. This article describes corneal structural and functional features, mechanistic understanding of gene therapy vectors, gene editing methods, gene delivery tools, and status of gene therapy for treating corneal disorders, diseases, and genetic dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; One-health One-medicine Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow campus, UP, 226028, India
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; One-health One-medicine Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; One-health One-medicine Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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26
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Marafon SB, Marinho DR, Kwitko S. Cornea opacity, uveitis with iris atrophy and lens damage following cosmetic high-intensity ultrasound of the eyelid: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:230. [PMID: 37217891 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a cosmetic procedure that aims to tone the skin through thermal collagen coagulation. The energy is delivered in the deep layers of the skin, and because of these characteristics, the risks of severe damage to adjacent tissue and the ocular surface may be underestimated. Previous reports have demonstrated superficial corneal opacities, cataracts, increased intraocular pressure, or ocular refractive changes in different patients following HIFU. In this case, we report deep stromal opacities associated with anterior uveitis, iris atrophy and lens opacity formation following a single HIFU superior eyelid application. CASE PRESENTATION A 47-year-old female presented to the ophthalmic emergency department complaining of pain, hyperemia and photophobia in the right eye following a HIFU application to the superior right eyelid. A slit lamp examination showed three temporal-inferior corneal infiltrates with edema and severe anterior uveitis. The patient was treated with topical corticosteroids, and six months later, there was residual corneal opacity, iris atrophy and peripherical cataract formation. No surgical procedure was needed, and the final vision was Snellen 20/20 (1.0). CONCLUSION The risk of severe impairment to the ocular surface and ocular tissues may be underestimated. Cosmetic surgeons and ophthalmologists must be aware of the complications, and the long-term follow-up of these changes needs further investigation and discussion. Safety protocols of the HIFU intensity threshold for thermal lesions in the eye and the use of protective eye devices should be better evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Barbara Marafon
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, 2350 Ramiro Barcelos Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
- Oftalmocentro, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Diane Ruschel Marinho
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, 2350 Ramiro Barcelos Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Oftalmocentro, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Kwitko
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, 2350 Ramiro Barcelos Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Oftalmocentro, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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27
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Meng N, Wu J, Chen J, Luo Y, Xu L, Li X. Basement membrane regeneration and TGF-β1 expression in rabbits with corneal perforating injury. Mol Vis 2023; 29:58-67. [PMID: 37287643 PMCID: PMC10243679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the relationship between basement membrane (BM) regeneration and the spatiotemporal expression of TGF-β1 during wound healing in rabbits with corneal perforating injury. Methods Forty-two rabbits were randomly allocated into 7 experimental groups, with 6 rabbits per group at each time point. The central cornea of the left eye was injured with 2.0 mm trephine to establish the perforating injury model. Six rabbits that received no treatment were used as controls. The cornea was evaluated at 3 days, 1-3 weeks, and 1-3 months after injury with a slit lamp for haze levels. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to quantify the relative expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA mRNA. Immunofluorescence (IF) was used to assess TGF-β1 and alpha-smooth actin (α-SMA) expression and localization. BM regeneration was assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results After injury, dense haze appeared at 1 month and then gradually faded. The relative expression of TGF-β1 mRNA peaked at 1 week and then decreased until 2 months. The relative α-SMA mRNA expression reached its peak at 1 week, then reached a small peak again at 1 month. IF results showed that TGF-β1 was initially detected in the fibrin clot at 3 days and then in the entire repairing stroma at 1 week. TGF-β1 localization gradually diminished from the anterior region to the posterior region at 2 weeks to 1 month, and it was nearly absent at 2 months. The myofibroblast marker α-SMA was observed in the entire healing stroma at 2 weeks. Localization of α-SMA gradually disappeared from the anterior region at 3 weeks to 1 month, remaining only in the posterior region at 2 months and disappearing at 3 months. Defective epithelial basement membrane (EBM) was first detected at 3 weeks after injury, then gradually repaired, and was nearly regenerated at 3 months. A thin and uneven Descemet's membrane (DM) was initially detected at 2 months after injury, then gradually regenerated to some extent, but remained abnormal at 3 months. Conclusions In the rabbit corneal perforating injury model, EBM regeneration was observed earlier than DM. At 3 months, complete EBM regeneration was observed, while the regenerated DM was still defective. TGF-β1 was distributed throughout the entire wound area in the early stages and then decreased from the anterior to the posterior region. α-SMA exhibited a similar temporospatial expression to TGF-β1. EBM regeneration may play a key role in low expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in the anterior stroma. Meanwhile, incomplete DM regeneration may contribute to the sustained expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in the posterior stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinling Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuqing Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Luxing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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28
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Alemi H, Dehghani S, Musayeva A, Nadari A, Narimatsu A, Sharifi S, Forouzanfar K, Wang S, Dohlman TH, Yin J, Chen Y, Dana R. Insights into mustard gas keratopathy: Characterizing corneal layer-specific changes in mice exposed to nitrogen mustard. Exp Eye Res 2023:109495. [PMID: 37142048 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mustard agents, such as sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM), often results in ocular surface damage. This can lead to the emergence of various corneal disorders that are collectively referred to as mustard gas keratopathy (MGK). In this study, we aimed to develop a mouse model of MGK by using ocular NM exposure, and describe the subsequent structural changes analyzed across the different layers of the cornea. A 3 μL solution of 0.25 mg/mL NM was applied to the center of the cornea via a 2-mm filter paper for 5 min. Mice were evaluated prior to and after exposure on days 1 and 3, and weekly for 4 weeks using slit lamp examination with fluorescein staining. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) tracked changes in the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium of the cornea. Histologic evaluation and immunostaining were used to examine corneal cross-sections collected at the completion of follow-up. A biphasic ocular injury was observed in mice exposed to NM, most prominent in the corneal epithelium and anterior stroma. Following exposure, mice experienced central corneal epithelial erosions and thinning, accompanied by a decreased number of nerve branches in the subbasal plexus and increased activated keratocytes in the stroma. The epithelium was recovered by day 3, followed by exacerbated punctuate erosions alongside persistent stromal edema that arose and continued onward to four weeks post-exposure. The endothelial cell density was reduced on the first day after NM exposure, which persisted until the end of follow-up, along with increased polymegethism and pleomorphism. Microstructural changes in the central cornea at this time included dysmorphic basal epithelial cells, and in the limbal cornea included decreased cellular layers and p63+ area, along with increased DNA oxidization. We present a mouse model of MGK using NM that successfully replicates ocular injury caused by SM in humans who have been exposed to mustard gas. Our research suggests DNA oxidation contributes to the long-term effects of nitrogen mustard on limbal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Alemi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shima Dehghani
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aytan Musayeva
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amirreza Nadari
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akitomo Narimatsu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sina Sharifi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katayoun Forouzanfar
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shudan Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas H Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia Yin
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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Sanjeev A, Trivedi V, Sterkin A, Smadja D, Zalevsky Z. Enhanced Ablation of Cornea Doped with a Fluorescein Dye Using a Visible Wavelength Laser. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14365-14370. [PMID: 37125139 PMCID: PMC10134238 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Myopia (nearsightedness) and presbyopia (aging eye) are the most common refractive errors of the human eye. Technology has advanced toward correcting aberration using various surgical procedures, including laser surgery, as well as prescribing corrective lenses. Hence, the effect of various laser wavelengths on the eye has been extensively studied over the last few decades. Usually, excimer lasers are used for this purpose, which increases the cost of the procedure because they are unique and difficult to manufacture and require regular maintenance. Due to the absorption properties, visible wavelengths do not interact with the corneal layers and hence are currently not used for eye surgery. This study presents the first clinical evidence that a 532 nm laser in combination with an eye-safe fluorescein dye that is in wide clinical use in ophthalmology can be utilized for high-precision ablation purposes due to the photochemical reaction that occurs on an ex vivo porcine eye. Our results show the promise of utilizing inexpensive visible wavelength lasers in the ablation of biological tissues, reducing the high costs of ophthalmological surgical procedures, as well as in other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sanjeev
- Faculty
of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Vismay Trivedi
- Faculty
of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Anna Sterkin
- Nanodrops
Ltd., 13 Zarhin Building, 4366241 Raanana, Israel
| | - David Smadja
- Nanodrops
Ltd., 13 Zarhin Building, 4366241 Raanana, Israel
- Ein
Tal, Hadassah Laser Refractive Institute, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Refractive
Surgery Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty
of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Nanodrops
Ltd., 13 Zarhin Building, 4366241 Raanana, Israel
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Li S, Wang N, Dong Q, Dong M, Qu M, Wang Y, Shi W. The senescence difference between the central and peripheral cornea induced by sutures. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:169. [PMID: 37081412 PMCID: PMC10120248 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell senescence plays a regulatory role in tissue fibrosis. Corneal scarring is usually more severe in the central cornea based on clinical observation. In this study, we attempted to explore the senescence difference between the central and peripheral cornea in an in vivo mouse model with suture-induced senescence and in an in vitro model of senescence with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced rabbit corneal fibroblasts. METHODS Male Balb/c mice (6-8 weeks) received sutures in the central, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal cornea. The sutures were removed on the 14th day. Corneal neovascularization was observed under a slit lamp microscope with a digital camera. The fibroblasts isolated from the central and peripheral rabbit cornea were induced with H2O2 to establish the senescence model in vitro. Senescence was evaluated with SA-β-gal staining and gene expression analysis of p21, p27, and p53. RESULTS Senescent cells accumulated in the corneal stroma from the third day to the 14th day after the operation and peaked on the 14th day. More senescent keratocytes were observed in the peripheral cornea of the mouse model. In vitro, the peripheral corneal fibroblasts were more prone to senescence due to H2O2. The polymerase chain reaction results showed that the senescence-related genes p21, p27, and p53 were highly expressed in the peripheral corneal fibroblasts compared with the central corneal fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Senescent fibroblasts can limit tissue fibrosis; hence, the senescence difference between the central and peripheral cornea may contribute to the difference in scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxia Li
- Shandong Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shandong Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Dong
- Shandong Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Muchen Dong
- Shandong Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Mingli Qu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Yan'erdao Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Yan'erdao Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Weiyun Shi
- Shandong Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Yan'erdao Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Human Limbus-Derived Stromal/Mesenchymal Stem Cells with and without Alginate Encapsulation for Future Clinical Applications. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060876. [PMID: 36980217 PMCID: PMC10047711 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal opacification or scarring is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Human limbus-derived stromal/mesenchymal stem cells (hLMSCs) have the potential of clearing corneal scarring. In the current preclinical studies, we aimed to determine their ability to heal the scarred corneas, in a murine model of corneal scar, and examined their ocular and systemic toxicity after topical administration to rabbit eyes. The hLMSCs were derived from human donor corneas and were cultivated in a clean room facility in compliance with the current good manufacturing practices (cGMP). Before the administration, the hLMSCs were analyzed for their characteristic properties including immunostaining, and were further subjected to sterility and stability analysis. The corneas (right eye) of C57BL/6 mice (n = 56) were stripped of their central epithelium and superficial anterior stroma using a rotary burr (Alger Brush® II). Few mice were left untreated (n = 8), while few (n = 24) were treated immediately with hLMSCs after debridement (prophylaxis group). The rest (n = 24, scar group) were allowed to develop corneal scarring for 2 weeks and then treated with hLMSCs. In both groups, the treatment modalities included encapsulated (En+) and non-encapsulated (En−) hLMSCs and sham (vehicle) treatment. The follow-up (4 weeks) after the treatment or debridement included clinical photography, fluorescein staining, and optical coherence tomography at regular intervals. All the images and scans were analyzed using ImageJ software to assess the changes in corneal haze, scar area, and the reflectivity ratio of the epithelium to the stroma. The scar area and the scar intensity were found to be decreased in the groups that received hLMSCs. The reflectivity of the stroma was found to be normalized to the baseline levels before the debridement in the eyes that were treated with hLMSCs, relative to the untreated. In the safety study, the central corneas of the left eye of 18 New Zealand rabbits were scraped with a needle and then treated with En+ hLMSCs, En− hLMSCs, and the sham (n = 6 each). Rabbits were then followed up for 4 weeks, during which blood and tear samples were collected at regular intervals. These rabbits were then assessed for changes in the quantities of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IgE) in the sera and tears, changes in the ocular surface observations such as intraocular pressure (IOP), and the hematological and clinical chemistry parameters. Four weeks later, the rabbits were euthanized and examined histopathologically. No significant changes in conjunctival congestion, corneal clarity, or IOP were noticed during the ophthalmic examination. The level of inflammatory molecules (TNF-α and IL-6 TNF-α) and the hematological parameters were similar in all groups without any significant changes. Histological examination of the internal organs and ocular tissues did not reveal any abnormalities. The results of these studies summarize that the En+ and En− hLMSCs are not harmful to the recipient and potentially restore the transparency of debrided or scarred corneas, indicating that hLMSCs can be assessed for clinical use in humans.
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Liao K, Cui Z, Wang Z, Peng Y, Tang S, Chen J. Hyperosmolar Potassium Inhibits Corneal Myofibroblast Transformation and Prevent Corneal Scar. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:238-250. [PMID: 36149345 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2129072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal myofibroblasts play a crucial role in the process of corneal scarring. Potassium has been documented to reduce skin scar tissue formation. Herein, we investigated the ability of potassium to prevent corneal fibrosis in cell culture and in vivo. METHODS Corneal fibroblasts (CFs) were isolated from the corneal limbus and treated with TGF-β1 to transform into corneal myofibroblasts. Corneal myofibroblast markers were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The contractive functions of corneal myofibroblast were evaluated by the scratch assay and the collagen gel contraction assay. RNA sequencing in corneal fibroblasts was performed to explore the mechanisms underlying hyperosmolar potassium treatment. GO and KEGG analysis were performed to explore the underlying mechanism by hyperosmolar potassium treatment. The ATP detection assay assessed the level of cell metabolism. KCl eye drops four times per day were administered to mice models of corneal injury to evaluate the ability to prevent corneal scar formation. Corneal opacity area was evaluated by Image J software. RESULTS Treatment with hyperosmolar potassium could suppress corneal myofibroblast transformation and collagen I synthesis induced by TGF-β1 in cell culture. Hyperosmolar potassium could inhibit wound healing and gel contraction in CFs. RNA sequencing results suggested that genes involved in the metabolic pathway were downregulated after KCl treatment. ATP levels were significantly decreased in the KCl group compared with the control group. Hyperosmolar potassium could prevent corneal myofibroblast transformation after corneal injury and corneal scar formation in mice. CONCLUSION Potassium can suppress corneal myofibroblast transformation and collagen I protein synthesis. Moreover, given that KCl eye drops can prevent corneal scar formation, it has been suggested to have huge prospects as a novel treatment approach during clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liao
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou J, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Zheng D, Yan L, Guo M, Mao Y, Yang L. Exosomes from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells facilitate corneal wound healing via regulating the p44/42 MAPK pathway. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:723-734. [PMID: 36576571 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed at exploring the function of Exosomes isolated from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) in corneal wound healing and at revealing the underlying mechanisms involving the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. METHODS The isolated BMSC-Exos were identified by transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. After coculture with BMSC-Exos, the proliferation and migration of human corneal epithelial cells (HCEs) were evaluated. The protein expression of p-MEK/MEK and p44/42 MAPK was detected by Western blot. A mouse model of alkali-burned cornea was established via NaOH exposure. After injection with BMSC-Exos, the pathological changes and expression of α-SMA (a fibrosis marker) and CD31 (a vascularization marker) in corneal tissues were detected. RESULTS BMSC-Exos enhanced the proliferation and migration of HCEs in a dose-dependent manner. The p44/42 MAPK pathway was activated by the treatment of BMSC-Exos, and its blocking using U0126 partially abrogated the effects of BMSC-Exos on promoting the proliferation and migration of HCEs. In vivo, the injection of BMSC-Exos facilitated the remission of the pathological changes (inflammation) and weakened the upregulation of α-SMA (fibrosis) and CD31 (vascularization) in corneal tissues of mice with alkali-burn injury. CONCLUSION BMSC-Exos promoted the proliferation and migration of HCEs via activating the p44/42 MAPK pathway in vitro and also inhibited alkali burn-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and vascularization in corneal tissues in vivo. BMSC-Exos may be promising resources for promoting corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510623, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital East Branch, Beijing City, 100002, China
| | - Dehui Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510623, China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510623, China
| | - Mengxiang Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510623, China
| | - Yani Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510623, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510623, China
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Kuepfer L, Fuellen G, Stahnke T. Quantitative systems pharmacology of the eye: Tools and data for ocular QSP. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:288-299. [PMID: 36708082 PMCID: PMC10014063 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Good eyesight belongs to the most-valued attributes of health, and diseases of the eye are a significant healthcare burden. Case numbers are expected to further increase in the next decades due to an aging society. The development of drugs in ophthalmology, however, is difficult due to limited accessibility of the eye, in terms of drug administration and in terms of sampling of tissues for drug pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs). Ocular quantitative systems pharmacology models provide the opportunity to describe the distribution of drugs in the eye as well as the resulting drug-response in specific segments of the eye. In particular, ocular physiologically-based PK (PBPK) models are necessary to describe drug concentration levels in different regions of the eye. Further, ocular effect models using molecular data from specific cellular systems are needed to develop dose-response correlations. We here describe the current status of PK/PBPK as well as PD models for the eyes and discuss cellular systems, data repositories, as well as animal models in ophthalmology. The application of the various concepts is highlighted for the development of new treatments for postoperative fibrosis after glaucoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kuepfer
- Institute for Systems Medicine with Focus on Organ Interaction, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research (IBIMA), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Stahnke
- Institute for ImplantTechnology and Biomaterials e.V., Rostock, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Joshi VP, Chatterjee S, Basu S. Relationship of Density, Depth, and Surface Irregularity of Superficial Corneal Opacification with Visual Acuity. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:536-545. [PMID: 36724802 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2173786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the relationship between the density, depth, and surface irregularity of superficial corneal opacities and vision. METHODS This prospective imaging study included 19 patients with unilateral superficial corneal opacification due to scarring post-microbial keratitis. Each eye underwent an assessment of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), contact lens corrected visual acuity (CLCVA), and Scheimpflug and anterior segment optical tomography imaging. Regression analysis was performed to detect the association between density, depth of scarring, and the surface irregularity in terms of higher order aberrations (HOA), and keratometry and UCVA, CLCVA, and the difference between BSCVA and CLCVA. RESULTS The mean logMAR UCVA, BSCVA, and CLCVA were 0.76, 0.35, and 0.28, respectively. The corneal scars had a mean thickness of 158.7 ± 61 µ and density of 65.73 ± 24.46 GSU. Bivariate analysis model for UCVA showed an association with Z42 secondary astigmatism (p = 0.02), Z44 quadrafoil (p = 0.01), combined coma Z3 ± 1(p = 0.03), and combined HOA Z3-Z6 (p = 0.045), out of which Z44 Quadrafoil (p = 0.04) was most significant with multivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis for BCVA-CLVA showed association with Z31 coma horizontal (p = 0.04), Z33 oblique trefoil (p = 0.02), Z40 primary spherical aberration (p = 0.008), and Z5 - 5 (p = 0.007), out of which Z31 horizontal coma (p = 0.04) and Z40 spherical aberration (p = 0.009) were significant on multivariate analysis. Change in densitometry, corneal thickness, epithelial:stromal reflectivity ratio, scar depth, and keratometry did not show any significant association with UCVA, BSCVA-CLCVA, or CLCVA. CONCLUSION In superficial corneal stromal scarring, deranged surface irregularity parameters like higher-order aberrations affect the final visual acuity more than the depth or density of the opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Pramod Joshi
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,Professor Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Subhajit Chatterjee
- Cataract, Refractive Surgery and Contact Lens Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,Professor Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Yang GN, Roberts PK, Gardner-Russell J, Shah MH, Couper TA, Zhu Z, Pollock GA, Dusting GJ, Daniell M. From bench to clinic: Emerging therapies for corneal scarring. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 242:108349. [PMID: 36682466 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Corneal diseases are one of the leading causes of moderate-to-severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide, after glaucoma, cataract, and retinal disease in overall importance. Given its tendency to affect people at a younger age than other blinding conditions such as cataract and glaucoma, corneal scarring poses a huge burden both on the individuals and society. Furthermore, corneal scarring and fibrosis disproportionately affects people in poorer and remote areas, making it a significant ophthalmic public health problem. Traditional medical strategies, such as topical corticosteroids, are not effective in preventing fibrosis or scars. Corneal transplantation, the only effective sight-restoring treatment for corneal scars, is curbed by challenges including a severe shortage of tissue, graft rejection, secondary conditions, cultural barriers, the lack of well-trained surgeons, operating rooms, and well-equipped infrastructures. Thanks to tremendous research efforts, emerging therapeutic options including gene therapy, protein therapy, cell therapy and novel molecules are in development to prevent the progression of corneal scarring and compliment the surgical options currently available for treating established corneal scars in clinics. In this article, we summarise the most relevant preclinical and clinical studies on emerging therapies for corneal scarring in recent years, showing how these approaches may prevent scarring in its early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gink N Yang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia.
| | - Philippe Ke Roberts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Vienna, 18-20 Währinger Gürtel, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jesse Gardner-Russell
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Manisha H Shah
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Terry A Couper
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia; Lions Eye Donation Service, level 7, Smorgon Family Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Graeme A Pollock
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia; Lions Eye Donation Service, level 7, Smorgon Family Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Mark Daniell
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne 3002, Australia; Lions Eye Donation Service, level 7, Smorgon Family Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
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Safi T, Seitz B, Flockerzi E, Flockerzi F, Daas L. [Haze after PRK (without Use of Mitomycin C) on a Pretreated Cornea with DALK and LASIK - Clinical and Histopathological Findings]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2023; 240:147-150. [PMID: 34911120 DOI: 10.1055/a-1675-2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Safi
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - Elias Flockerzi
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - Fidelis Flockerzi
- Institut für Allgemeine und Spezielle Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - Loay Daas
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Deutschland
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Zhang Y, Zhou N, Jiao Y, Lin G, Li X, Gao S, Zhou P, Liu J, Nan J, Zhang M, Yang S. Targeting Noncanonical Pyroptosis With a Small Molecular Inhibitor Alleviates Inflammation in the LPS-Induced Keratitis Mouse Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:1. [PMID: 36595275 PMCID: PMC9819737 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pyroptosis, a novel proinflammatory programmed cell death, has been implicated in some ocular diseases. Of special note is the noncanonical pyroptosis that has recently been recognized to play a critical role in microbial keratitis. We previously discovered a new potent small molecular pyroptosis inhibitor, J114. In this investigation, we will explore whether J114 is able to inhibit the noncanonical pyroptosis and the underlying mechanism. Then a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced keratitis mouse model will be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of J114 in vivo. Methods In vitro, macrophages originating from humans or mice were stimulated with intracellular LPS to induce noncanonical pyroptosis activation. in vivo, acute keratitis in mouse was induced by LPS intrastromal injection. We verified the protective effect of J114 on noncanonical pyroptosis. Clinical scoring, histological observation, macrophage localization, and quantification of pyroptotic markers in the cornea were used to characterize the therapeutic effects. Results J114 substantially inhibited the noncanonical pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the activation of caspase-4/5/11 and the noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome through blocking the NLRP3-ASC interaction. in vivo, J114 protected against LPS-induced noncanonical pyroptosis of acute keratitis, as manifested by alleviated clinical manifestations and histological disorders, and relieved inflammatory reactions. Conclusions In this study, we found that J114 could efficiently inhibit LPS-induced noncanonical pyroptosis and revealed the underlying mechanism. This compound displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity in the LPS-induced keratitis mouse model. All the findings indicated that J114 could be a potential lead compound for drug development against inflammatory ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nenghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guifeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jingming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinshan Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Petroff A, Pena Diaz A, Armstrong JJ, Gonga-Cavé BC, Hutnik C, O'Gorman DB. Understanding Inflammation-associated Ophthalmic Pathologies: A Novel 3D Co-culture Model of Monocyte-myofibroblast Immunomodulation. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:65-76. [PMID: 34648419 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1980816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation is associated with, and may be causal of, a variety of ophthalmic pathologies. These pathologies are currently difficult to model in vitro because they involve complex interactions between the innate immune system, stromal cells, and other cells that normally maintain ocular tissue homeostasis. Using transscleral drainage channel fibrosis after glaucoma surgery as an example of inflammation-associated ocular fibrosis, we have assessed a simple but novel 3D cell culture system designed to reveal the immunomodulatory impacts of ocular connective tissue cells on monocytes, a major cellular component of the circulating immune system. METHODS Primary human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts derived from five unrelated patients were activated into myofibroblasts in 3D collagen matrices under isometric tension, with and without exposure to an inflammatory cytokine-enhanced milieu, and co-cultured with an immortalized human monocyte cell line (THP-1 cells). Quantitative PCR analyses were performed on 8 candidate genes to assess the impacts of inflammatory cytokines on the myofibroblasts and the monocytes in mono-cultures and compared to cells in co-culture to clearly distinguish any co-culture-induced impacts on gene expression. RESULTS Our data indicate that both Tenon's capsule myofibroblasts in 3D mono-culture and THP-1 monocytes in suspension mono-culture were responsive to inflammatory cytokine stimuli. Co-culture with Tenon's capsule myofibroblasts significantly modulated the gene expression responses of THP-1 monocytes to inflammatory cytokine stimulation, indicative of an immunomodulatory "feedback" system between these cell types. CONCLUSION Our findings provide proof of principle for the use of simple 3D co-culture systems as a means to enhance our understanding of ocular stromal cell interactions with cells of the innate immune system and to provide more informative in vitro models of inflammation-associated ophthalmic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Petroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Canada
| | - Ana Pena Diaz
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Canada
| | - James J Armstrong
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Ophthalmology, London, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London, Canada
| | | | - Cindy Hutnik
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Ophthalmology, London, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London, Canada
| | - David B O'Gorman
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada
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40
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Update on Corneal Confocal Microscopy Imaging. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010046. [PMID: 36611338 PMCID: PMC9818591 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a non-invasive ophthalmic imaging technique that provides images of the cornea at the cellular level. Despite the uses in ocular surface pathologies, in the last decades IVCM has been used to provide more knowledge in refractive surgery wound healing, in neuropathies diagnosis, etc. The observation of the corneal cells, both normal and inflammatory, and the possibility of quantification of the corneal nerve density with manual or automated tools, makes IVCM have a significant potential to improve the diagnosis and prognosis in several systemic and corneal conditions.
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The Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator BAY 41-2272 Attenuates Transforming Growth Factor β1-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation of Human Corneal Keratocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315325. [PMID: 36499651 PMCID: PMC9737374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal transparency, necessary for vision and depending on the high organization of stromal extracellular matrix, is maintained by keratocytes. Severe or continuous corneal injuries determine exaggerated healing responses resulting in the formation of irreversible fibrotic scars and vision impairment. Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulation demonstrated antifibrotic effects in both experimental fibrosis and human lung and skin fibroblasts. Here, we assessed whether sGC stimulation with BAY 41-2272 could attenuate transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-induced myofibroblast differentiation of human corneal keratocytes. Cells were challenged with TGFβ1, with/without BAY 41-2272 preincubation, and subsequently assessed for viability, proliferation, migration, chemoinvasion, as well for the expression of myofibroblast/fibroblast activation markers and contractile abilities. Treatment with BAY 41-2272 did not affect keratocyte viability, while preincubation of cells with the sGC stimulator was able to inhibit TGFβ1-induced proliferation, wound healing capacity, and invasiveness. BAY 41-2272 was also able to attenuate TGFβ1-induced myofibroblast-like profibrotic phenotype of keratocytes, as demonstrated by the significant decrease in ACTA2, COL1A1, COL1A2, FN1 and PDPN gene expression, as well as in α-smooth muscle actin, α-1 chain of type I collagen, podoplanin, vimentin and N-cadherin protein expression. Finally, BAY 41-2272 significantly counteracted the TGFβ1-induced myofibroblast-like ability of keratocytes to contract collagen gels, reduced phosphorylated Smad3 protein levels, and attenuated gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our data show for the first time that BAY 41-2272 is effective in counteracting keratocyte-to-myofibroblast transition, thus providing the rationale for the development of sGC stimulators as novel promising modulators of corneal scarring and fibrosis.
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Rozo V, Quan M, Aung T, Kang J, Thomasy SM, Leonard BC. Andrographolide Inhibits Corneal Fibroblast to Myofibroblast Differentiation In Vitro. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101447. [PMID: 36291655 PMCID: PMC9599903 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal opacification due to fibrosis is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Fibrosis occurs from many causes including trauma, photorefractive surgery, microbial keratitis (infection of the cornea), and chemical burns, yet there is a paucity of therapeutics to prevent or treat corneal fibrosis. This study aimed to determine if andrographolide, a labdane diterpenoid found in Andrographis paniculate, has anti-fibrotic properties. Furthermore, we evaluated if andrographolide could prevent the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts in vitro, given that the transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1) stimulated persistence of myofibroblasts in the cornea is a primary component of fibrosis. We demonstrated that andrographolide inhibited the upregulation of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) mRNA and protein in rabbit corneal fibroblasts (RCFs), thus, demonstrating a reduction in the transdifferentiation of myofibroblasts. Immunofluorescent staining of TGF-β1-stimulated RCFs confirmed a dose-dependent decrease in αSMA expression when treated with andrographolide. Additionally, andrographolide was well tolerated in vivo and had no impact on corneal epithelialization in a rat debridement model. These data support future studies investigating the use of andrographolide as an anti-fibrotic in corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rozo
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Melinda Quan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Theint Aung
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer Kang
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian C. Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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Luisi J, Lin JL, Karediya N, Kraft ER, Sharifi A, Schmitz-Brown ME, Zhang W, Ameredes BT, Merkley KH, Motamedi M, Gupta PK. Concentration-associated pathology of alkali burn in a mouse model using anterior segment optical coherence tomography with angiography. Exp Eye Res 2022; 223:109210. [PMID: 35987418 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pathological features of alkali concentration-associated burn were studied using non-invasive anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). Alkali burn was induced in C57BL/6J mice (n = 20) by placing filter paper soaked in 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 M NaOH for 30s on the right eye (left eye control). Longitudinal imaging was performed with AS-OCT/OCTA and fluorescein angiography over 14 days, after which eyes were enucleated at 7 and 14 days for histology and immunofluorescence. Concentration-associated corneal swelling was maximal at 0.5M, increasing linearly in a concentration-dependent fashion at 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 M NaOH, to levels of 50%, 100%, and 175% of control, respectively. At 0.1M, corneal swelling and surface erosions were prominent, while at 0.25M, deep tissue damage, limbal neovascularization, and stromal haze were evident at 7 days. At 0.5M and 1M, severe exacerbation of the corneal swelling, angle closure, Descemet's membrane detachment, hyphema, and profuse central neovascularization were noted as early as day 3, which further progressed to inflammation, fibrosis, and opacity by day 7. We conclude that alkali concentration-dependent burn intensity biomarkers can be assessed by non-invasive AS-OCT/OCTA, distinguishing between mild, moderate, and severe ocular injury, with potential relevance toward clinical utilization in human eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Luisi
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, United States
| | - Jonathan L Lin
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, United States
| | - Nishad Karediya
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, United States
| | - Edward R Kraft
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, United States
| | - Ardalan Sharifi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, United States
| | | | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, United States
| | - Bill T Ameredes
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, United States
| | - Kevin H Merkley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, United States
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Joseph LB, Gordon MK, Zhou P, Hahn RA, Lababidi H, Croutch CR, Sinko PJ, Heck DE, Laskin DL, Laskin JD. Sulfur mustard corneal injury is associated with alterations in the epithelial basement membrane and stromal extracellular matrix. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 128:104807. [PMID: 35798063 PMCID: PMC10044521 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM; bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide) is a highly reactive bifunctional alkylating agent synthesized for chemical warfare. The eyes are particularly sensitive to SM where it causes irritation, pain, photophobia, and blepharitis, depending on the dose and duration of exposure. In these studies, we examined the effects of SM vapor on the corneas of New Zealand white male rabbits. Edema and hazing of the cornea, signs of acute injury, were observed within one day of exposure to SM, followed by neovascularization, a sign of chronic or late phase pathology, which persisted for at least 28 days. Significant epithelial-stromal separation ranging from ~8-17% of the epithelial surface was observed. In the stroma, there was a marked increase in CD45+ leukocytes and a decrease of keratocytes, along with areas of disorganization of collagen fibers. SM also disrupted the corneal basement membrane and altered the expression of perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and cellular fibronectin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein. This was associated with an increase in basement membrane matrix metalloproteinases including ADAM17, which is important in remodeling of the basement membrane during wound healing. Tenascin-C, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, was also upregulated in the stroma 14-28 d post SM, a finding consistent with its role in organizing structural components of the stroma necessary for corneal transparency. These data demonstrate that SM vapor causes persistent alterations in structural components of the cornea. Further characterization of SM-induced injury in rabbit cornea will be useful for the identification of targets for the development of ocular countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie B Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
| | - Marion K Gordon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Peihong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Rita A Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Hamdi Lababidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | | | - Patrick J Sinko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Diane E Heck
- Department of Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
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Tavakkoli F, Damala M, Koduri MA, Gangadharan A, Rai AK, Dash D, Basu S, Singh V. Transcriptomic Profiling of Human Limbus-Derived Stromal/Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Novel Mechanistic Insights into the Pathways Involved in Corneal Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158226. [PMID: 35897793 PMCID: PMC9368612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Limbus-derived stromal/mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs) are vital for corneal homeostasis and wound healing. However, despite multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies reporting the potency of LMSCs in avoiding inflammation and scarring during corneal wound healing, the molecular basis for the ability of LMSCs remains unknown. This study aimed to uncover the factors and pathways involved in LMSC-mediated corneal wound healing by employing RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) in human LMSCs for the first time. We characterized the cultured LMSCs at the stages of initiation (LMSC−P0) and pure population (LMSC−P3) and subjected them to RNA-Seq to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparison to native limbus and cornea, and scleral tissues. Of the 28,000 genes detected, 7800 DEGs were subjected to pathway-specific enrichment Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. These DEGs were involved in Wnt, TGF-β signaling pathways, and 16 other biological processes, including apoptosis, cell motility, tissue remodeling, and stem cell maintenance, etc. Two hundred fifty-four genes were related to wound healing pathways. COL5A1 (11.81 ± 0.48) and TIMP1 (20.44 ± 0.94) genes were exclusively up-regulated in LMSC−P3. Our findings provide new insights involved in LMSC-mediated corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tavakkoli
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; (F.T.); (M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.B.)
- Center for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Mukesh Damala
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; (F.T.); (M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.B.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Madhuri Amulya Koduri
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; (F.T.); (M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.B.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Abhilash Gangadharan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road Campus, New Delhi 110025, India; (A.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Amit K. Rai
- Center for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Debasis Dash
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road Campus, New Delhi 110025, India; (A.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Sayan Basu
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; (F.T.); (M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.B.)
- Center for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India; (F.T.); (M.D.); (M.A.K.); (S.B.)
- Center for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-40-6810-2286
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BMP3 inhibits TGFβ2-mediated myofibroblast differentiation during wound healing of the embryonic cornea. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:36. [PMID: 35879352 PMCID: PMC9314337 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Often acute damage to the cornea initiates drastic tissue remodeling, resulting in fibrotic scarring that disrupts light transmission and precedes vision impairment. Very little is known about the factors that can mitigate fibrosis and promote scar-free cornea wound healing. We previously described transient myofibroblast differentiation during non-fibrotic repair in an embryonic cornea injury model. Here, we sought to elucidate the mechanistic regulation of myofibroblast differentiation during embryonic cornea wound healing. We found that alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive myofibroblasts are superficial and their presence inversely correlates with wound closure. Expression of TGFβ2 and nuclear localization of pSMAD2 were elevated during myofibroblast induction. BMP3 and BMP7 were localized in the corneal epithelium and corresponded with pSMAD1/5/8 activation and absence of myofibroblasts in the healing stroma. In vitro analyses with corneal fibroblasts revealed that BMP3 inhibits the persistence of TGFβ2-induced myofibroblasts by promoting disassembly of focal adhesions and αSMA fibers. This was confirmed by the expression of vinculin and pFAK. Together, these data highlight a mechanism to inhibit myofibroblast persistence during cornea wound repair.
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Combined Therapy Using Human Corneal Stromal Stem Cells and Quiescent Keratocytes to Prevent Corneal Scarring after Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136980. [PMID: 35805991 PMCID: PMC9267074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal blindness due to scarring is conventionally treated by corneal transplantation, but the shortage of donor materials has been a major issue affecting the global success of treatment. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that cell-based therapies using either corneal stromal stem cells (CSSC) or corneal stromal keratocytes (CSK) suppress corneal scarring at lower levels. Further treatments or strategies are required to improve the treatment efficacy. This study examined a combined cell-based treatment using CSSC and CSK in a mouse model of anterior stromal injury. We hypothesize that the immuno-regulatory nature of CSSC is effective to control tissue inflammation and delay the onset of fibrosis, and a subsequent intrastromal CSK treatment deposited collagens and stromal specific proteoglycans to recover a native stromal matrix. Using optimized cell doses, our results showed that the effect of CSSC treatment for suppressing corneal opacities was augmented by an additional intrastromal CSK injection, resulting in better corneal clarity. These in vivo effects were substantiated by a further downregulated expression of stromal fibrosis genes and the restoration of stromal fibrillar organization and regularity. Hence, a combined treatment of CSSC and CSK could achieve a higher clinical efficacy and restore corneal transparency, when compared to a single CSSC treatment.
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Dong Q, Wu D, Li M, Dong W. Polysaccharides, as biological macromolecule-based scaffolding biomaterials in cornea tissue engineering: A review. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101782. [PMID: 35339801 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corneal-related diseases and injuries are the leading causes of vision loss, estimated to affect over 10 million people worldwide. Currently, cadaveric corneal grafts are considered the gold standard of treatment to restore cornea-related vision. However, this treatment modality faces different challenges such as donor shortage and graft failure. Therefore, the need for alternative solutions continues to grow. Tissue engineering has dramatically progressed to produce artificial cornea implants in order to repair, regenerate, or replace the damaged cornea. In this regard, a variety of polysaccharides such as cellulose, chitosan, alginate, agarose, and hyaluronic acid have been widely explored as scaffolding biomaterials for the production of tissue-engineered cornea. These polymers are known for their excellent biocompatibility, versatile properties, and processability. Recent progress and future perspectives of polysaccharide-based biomaterials in cornea tissue engineering is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Dong
- School of medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Dingkun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China, 116024
| | - Moqiu Li
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Mathematics Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Wang P, Hao P, Chen X, Li L, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Zhu L, Ying M, Han R, Wang L, Li X. Targeting HMGB1-NFκb Axis and miR-21 by Glycyrrhizin: Role in Amelioration of Corneal Injury in a Mouse Model of Alkali Burn. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:841267. [PMID: 35586052 PMCID: PMC9108160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a sight-threatening condition usually associated with various inflammatory settings including chemical injury. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is identified as an inflammatory alarmin in diverse tissue damage. Here, we evaluate the expression of HMGB1 and the consequences of its inhibition through its selective inhibitor glycyrrhizin (GLY) in alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation and neovascularization. GLY effectively attenuated alkali burn-induced HMGB1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, slit-lamp analysis, ink perfusion, H&E staining, and CD31 histochemical staining showed that GLY relieved corneal neovascularization, while GLY attenuated VEGF expression via inhibiting HMGB1/NF-κB/HIF-1α signal pathway. In addition, GLY treatment decreased the cytokine expression of CCL2 and CXCL5, accompanied by the reduction of their receptors of CCR2 and CXCR2. GLY diminished the inflammatory cell infiltration of the cornea, as well as reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, treatment with GLY reduced the degree of cornea opacity through inactivating extracellular HMGB1 function, which otherwise induces TGF-β1 release and myofibroblast differentiation. Furthermore, we found that GLY treatment attenuated the upregulation of miR-21 levels in alkali burned cornea; while inhibition of miR-21in keratocytes in vitro, significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation. Collectively, our results suggested that targeting HMGB1-NFκb axis and miR-21 by GLY could introduce a therapeutic approach to counter CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Linghan Li
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongying Zhou
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Ying
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifang Han
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xuan Li,
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Corneal stromal repair and regeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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