1
|
Kunutsor SK, Kaminsky LA, Lehoczki A, Laukkanen JA. Unraveling the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer: a state-of-the-art review. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01222-z. [PMID: 38831183 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) not only reflects an individual's capacity to perform physical activities but also encapsulates broader effects on the basic biology of aging. This review aims to summarize the evidence on the influence of CRF on overall and site-specific cancer risks. It delves into the biological mechanisms through which CRF may exert its effects, explores the clinical implications of these findings, identifies gaps in the current evidence base, and suggests directions for future research. The synthesis of findings reveals that higher CRF levels (general threshold of > 7 METs) are consistently associated with a reduced risk of a range of cancers, including head and neck, lung, breast, gastrointestinal, particularly pancreatic and colorectal, bladder, overall cancer incidence and mortality, and potentially stomach and liver, bile duct, and gall bladder cancers. These inverse associations between CRF and cancer risk do not generally differ across age groups, sex, race, or adiposity, suggesting a universal protective effect of CRF. Nonetheless, evidence linking CRF with skin, mouth and pharynx, kidney, and endometrial cancers is limited and inconclusive. Conversely, higher CRF levels may be potentially linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer and hematological malignancies, such as leukemia and myeloma, although the evidence is still not conclusive. CRF appears to play a significant role in reducing the risk of several cancers through various biological mechanisms, including inflammation reduction, immune system enhancement, hormonal regulation, and metabolic improvements. Overall, enhancing CRF through regular physical activity offers a vital, accessible strategy for reducing cancer risk and extending the health span. Future research should aim to fill the existing evidence gaps regarding specific cancers and elucidate the detailed dose-response relationships between CRF levels and cancer risk. Studies are also needed to elucidate the causal relationships and mechanistic pathways linking CRF to cancer outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4WP, UK.
| | - Leonard A Kaminsky
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, National Institute for Haematology and Infectious Diseases, South Pest Central Hospital, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Wang X. The role of DNA and RNA guanosine oxidation in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107187. [PMID: 38657843 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) persist as a prominent cause of mortality worldwide, with oxidative stress constituting a pivotal contributory element. The oxidative modification of guanosine, specifically 8-oxoguanine, has emerged as a crucial biomarker for oxidative stress, providing novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of CVD. 8-Oxoguanine can be directly generated at the DNA (8-oxo-dG) and RNA (8-oxo-G) levels, as well as at the free nucleotide level (8-oxo-dGTP or 8-oxo-GTP), which are produced and can be integrated through DNA replication or RNA transcription. When exposed to oxidative stress, guanine is more readily produced in RNA than in DNA. A burgeoning body of research surrounds 8-oxoguanine, exhibits its accumulation playing a pivotal role in the development of CVD. Therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative 8-Oxoguanine damage to DNA and RNA, encompassing the modulation of repair enzymes and the development of small molecule inhibitors, are anticipated to enhance CVD management. In conclusion, we explore the noteworthy elevation of 8-oxoguanine levels in patients with various cardiac conditions and deliberate upon the formation and regulation of 8-oxo-dG and 8-oxo-G under oxidative stress, as well as their function in CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Radak Z, Pan L, Zhou L, Mozaffaritabar S, Gu Y, A Pinho R, Zheng X, Ba X, Boldogh I. Epigenetic and "redoxogenetic" adaptation to physical exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:65-74. [PMID: 37977212 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced adaptation is achieved by altering the epigenetic landscape of the entire genome leading to the expression of genes involved in various processes including regulatory, metabolic, adaptive, immune, and myogenic functions. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the methylation pattern/levels of promoter/enhancer is not linearly correlated with gene expression and proteome levels during physical activity implying a level of complexity and interplay with other regulatory modulators. It has been shown that a higher level of physical fitness is associated with a slower DNA methylation-based aging clock. There is strong evidence supporting exercise-induced ROS being a key regulatory mediator through overlapping events, both as signaling entities and through oxidative modifications to various protein mediators and DNA molecules. ROS generated by physical activity shapes epigenome both directly and indirectly, a complexity we are beginning to unravel within the epigenetic arrangement. Oxidative modification of guanine to 8-oxoguanine is a non-genotoxic alteration, does not distort DNA helix and serves as an epigenetic-like mark. The reader and eraser of oxidized guanine is the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, contributing to changes in gene expression. In fact, it can modulate methylation patterns of promoters/enhancers consequently leading to multiple phenotypic changes. Here, we provide evidence and discuss the potential roles of exercise-induced ROS in altering cytosine methylation patterns during muscle adaptation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Soroosh Mozaffaritabar
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Xu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chew K, Zhao L. Interactions of Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A with DNA Damage: Mechanistic Insights and Functional Implications. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081246. [PMID: 34440420 PMCID: PMC8393399 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have a plethora of functions in eukaryotic cells, including cell signaling, programmed cell death, protein cofactor synthesis, and various aspects of metabolism. The organelles carry their own genomic DNA, which encodes transfer and ribosomal RNAs and crucial protein subunits in the oxidative phosphorylation system. Mitochondria are vital for cellular and organismal functions, and alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been linked to mitochondrial disorders and common human diseases. As such, how the cell maintains the integrity of the mitochondrial genome is an important area of study. Interactions of mitochondrial proteins with mtDNA damage are critically important for repairing, regulating, and signaling mtDNA damage. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a key player in mtDNA transcription, packaging, and maintenance. Due to the extensive contact of TFAM with mtDNA, it is likely to encounter many types of mtDNA damage and secondary structures. This review summarizes recent research on the interaction of human TFAM with different forms of non-canonical DNA structures and discusses the implications on mtDNA repair and packaging.
Collapse
|
5
|
Margaritelis NV, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. Redox basis of exercise physiology. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101499. [PMID: 32192916 PMCID: PMC7284946 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox reactions control fundamental processes of human biology. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the responses and adaptations to exercise are, at least in part, mediated by redox reactions. In this review, we are trying to show that redox reactions are the basis of exercise physiology by outlining the redox signaling pathways that regulate four characteristic acute exercise-induced responses (muscle contractile function, glucose uptake, blood flow and bioenergetics) and four chronic exercise-induced adaptations (mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle hypertrophy, angiogenesis and redox homeostasis). Based on our analysis, we argue that redox regulation should be acknowledged as central to exercise physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Dialysis Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - V Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao L, Sumberaz P. Mitochondrial DNA Damage: Prevalence, Biological Consequence, and Emerging Pathways. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2491-2502. [PMID: 32486637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a plethora of functions within a eukaryotic cell, ranging from energy production, cell signaling, and protein cofactor synthesis to various aspects of metabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to cause over 200 named disorders and has been implicated in many human diseases and aging. Mitochondria have their own genetic material, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which encodes 13 protein subunits in the oxidative phosphorylation system and a full set of transfer and rRNAs. Although more than 99% of the proteins in mitochondria are nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded, the integrity of mtDNA is critical for mitochondrial functions, as evidenced by mitochondrial diseases sourced from mtDNA mutations and depletions and the vital role of fragmented mtDNA molecules in cell signaling pathways. Previous research has shown that mtDNA is an important target of genotoxic assaults by a variety of chemical and physical factors. This Perspective discusses the prevalence of mtDNA damage by comparing the abundance of lesions in mDNA and nDNA and summarizes current knowledge on the biological pathways to cope with mtDNA damage, including mtDNA repair, mtDNA degradation, and mitochondrial fission and fusion. Also, emerging roles of mtDNA damage in mutagenesis and immune responses are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Philip Sumberaz
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101477. [PMID: 32127290 PMCID: PMC7284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents one of the strongest physiological stimuli capable to induce functional and structural modifications in all biological systems. Indeed, beside the traditional genetic mechanisms, physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, namely DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNA transcripts. Initially considered as merely damaging molecules, it is now well recognized that both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) produced under voluntary exercise play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. While robust scientific evidences highlight the role of exercise-associated redox modifications in modulating gene expression through the genetic machinery, the understanding of their specific impact on epigenomic profile is still at an early stage. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of exercise-related adaptations. Physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulation of ROS/RNS generating, sensing and neutralizing enzymes can impact the cellular levels of ROS and RNS. ROS might act as modulators of epigenetic machinery, interfering with DNA methylation, hPTMs and ncRNAs expression. Redox homeostasis might hold a relevant role in the epigenetic landscape modulating exercise-related adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Giorgio M, Dellino GI, Gambino V, Roda N, Pelicci PG. On the epigenetic role of guanosine oxidation. Redox Biol 2020; 29:101398. [PMID: 31926624 PMCID: PMC6926346 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical modifications of DNA and RNA regulate genome functions or trigger mutagenesis resulting in aging or cancer. Oxidations of macromolecules, including DNA, are common reactions in biological systems and often part of regulatory circuits rather than accidental events. DNA alterations are particularly relevant since the unique role of nuclear and mitochondrial genome is coding enduring and inheritable information. Therefore, an alteration in DNA may represent a relevant problem given its transmission to daughter cells. At the same time, the regulation of gene expression allows cells to continuously adapt to the environmental changes that occur throughout the life of the organism to ultimately maintain cellular homeostasis. Here we review the multiple ways that lead to DNA oxidation and the regulation of mechanisms activated by cells to repair this damage. Moreover, we present the recent evidence suggesting that DNA damage caused by physiological metabolism acts as epigenetic signal for regulation of gene expression. In particular, the predisposition of guanine to oxidation might reflect an adaptation to improve the genome plasticity to redox changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Ivan Dellino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Gambino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Niccolo' Roda
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moreno-Villanueva M, Kramer A, Hammes T, Venegas-Carro M, Thumm P, Bürkle A, Gruber M. Influence of Acute Exercise on DNA Repair and PARP Activity before and after Irradiation in Lymphocytes from Trained and Untrained Individuals. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2999. [PMID: 31248182 PMCID: PMC6628277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicate that acute exercise induces DNA damage, whereas regular exercise increases DNA repair kinetics. Although the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood, the induction of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) during acute exhaustive exercise due to metabolic processes might be responsible for the observed DNA damage, while an adaptive increase in antioxidant capacity due to regular physical activity seems to play an important protective role. However, the protective effect of physical activity on exogenously induced DNA damage in human immune cells has been poorly investigated. We asked the question whether individuals with a high aerobic capacity would have an enhanced response to radiation-induced DNA damage. Immune cells are highly sensitive to radiation and exercise affects lymphocyte dynamics and immune function. Therefore, we measured endogenous and radiation-induced DNA strand breaks and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from endurance-trained (maximum rate of oxygen consumption measured during incremental exercise V'O2max > 55 mL/min/kg) and untrained (V'O2max < 45 mL/min/kg) young healthy male volunteers before and after exhaustive exercise. Our results indicate that: (i) acute exercise induces DNA strand breaks in lymphocytes only in untrained individuals, (ii) following acute exercise, trained individuals repaired radiation-induced DNA strand breaks faster than untrained individuals, and (iii) trained subjects retained a higher level of radiation-induced PARP1 activity after acute exercise. The results of the present study indicate that increased aerobic fitness can protect immune cells against radiation-induced DNA strand breaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moreno-Villanueva
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, Box 628, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Box 30, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Kramer
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Box 30, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Tabea Hammes
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, Box 628, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Maria Venegas-Carro
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Box 30, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Patrick Thumm
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Box 30, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, Box 628, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Markus Gruber
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Box 30, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Differences in Liver TFAM Binding to mtDNA and mtDNA Damage between Aged and Extremely Aged Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102601. [PMID: 31137890 PMCID: PMC6566948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While mitochondrial dysfunction is acknowledged as a major feature of aging, much less is known about the role of mitochondria in extended longevity. Livers from aged (28-month-old) and extremely aged (32-month-old) rats were analyzed for citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) amount, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and 4.8 Kb “common deletion” contents. None of the assayed parameters differed significantly between age groups. TFAM-binding to mtDNA and the incidence of 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine in specific mtDNA regions, encompassing the origins of mtDNA replication (D-loop and Ori-L) and the 16-bp long direct repeat 1 (DR1) of the 4.8 Kb deletion, were determined. A decrease in TFAM binding was unveiled at all regions in extremely aged in comparison with aged rats. Reduced incidence of oxidized purines at all assayed regions was detected in 32-month-old rats compared with the 28-month-old group. A significant positive correlation between the incidence of 8-oxo-deoxoguanosine and TFAM-bound mtDNA was found at D-Loop and Ori-L regions only in 28-month-old rats. The absence of such correlation in 32-month-old rats indicates a different, fine-tuned regulation of TFAM binding in the two age groups and supports the existence of two different paces in aging and extended aging.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mota MP, Dos Santos ZA, Soares JFP, de Fátima Pereira A, João PV, O'Neil Gaivão I, Oliveira MM. Intervention with a combined physical exercise training to reduce oxidative stress of women over 40 years of age. Exp Gerontol 2019; 123:1-9. [PMID: 31102617 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training has been shown to be one of the most important lifestyle factor for improving functional performance and health status. Nevertheless, and although some evidence exists about the effects of aerobic training on oxidative stress, there is scarce information concerning the effects of combined exercise training (aerobic and strength training) in oxidative stress. Considering this, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of a combined exercise training in oxidative stress parameters of women over 40 years of age. At baseline, 67 women enrolled in the study and were divided into three groups: younger group (YG, n = 28: 40 to 49 years), middle-aged group (MAG, n = 21: 50 to 59 years) and oldest group (OG, n = 18: above 60 years). These women engaged in a combined exercise training program for 16 weeks, 3 sessions of 60 min per week. At the end of the program, only 31 women (YG: 15; MAG: 8 and OG: 8) were remained in the study and were considered for analysis. Physical assessments (weight, height, body mass index and waist circumference), health and functional parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fitness tests: supine, latissimus, squat jump, 8 foot up and go test, 30 second chair stand test, and 6 min walk test) and measures of DNA damage (DNA SBs, DNA netFPG), lipid peroxidation (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase activity (CAT) were performed before and after the 16-week intervention with combined exercise. The results showed an improvement of overall physical and functional performance as well as a significant decrease in waist perimeter and systolic blood pressure after the exercise program intervention. Regarding the biochemical measures, the exercise training induced a significant decrease in oxidative damage, and a significant increase in the TAC (p < 0.05). The results indicate that combined exercise training induces benefits in functional capacity and reduce damage caused by oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Mota
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge Frederico Pinto Soares
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana de Fátima Pereira
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Research Center in Education, CIEF-IPS, Polythecnic Institute of Setubal, Estefanilha, P-2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Vicente João
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel O'Neil Gaivão
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center, CECAV, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Oliveira
- Chemistry Center of Vila Real, CQVR, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The beneficial effect of α-tocopherol succinate supplementation on DNA oxidation induced by intensive exercise training. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Radak Z, Torma F, Berkes I, Goto S, Mimura T, Posa A, Balogh L, Boldogh I, Suzuki K, Higuchi M, Koltai E. Exercise effects on physiological function during aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:33-41. [PMID: 30389495 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The decrease in cognitive/motor functions and physical abilities severely affects the aging population in carrying out daily activities. These disabilities become a burden on individuals, families and society in general. It is known that aging conditions are ameliorated with regular exercise, which attenuates the age-associated decline in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreases in oxidative damage to molecules, and functional impairment in various organs. While benefits of physical exercise are well-documented, the molecular mechanisms responsible for functional improvement and increases in health span are not well understood. Recent findings imply that exercise training attenuates the age-related deterioration in the cellular housekeeping system, which includes the proteasome, Lon protease, autophagy, mitophagy, and DNA repair systems, which beneficially impacts multiple organ functions. Accumulating evidence suggests that exercise lessens the deleterious effects of aging. However, it seems unlikely that systemic effects are mediated through a specific biomarker. Rather, complex multifactorial mechanisms are involved to maintain homeostatic functions that tend to decline with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ferenc Torma
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Berkes
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sataro Goto
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan, Hungary
| | - Tatsuya Mimura
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aniko Posa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Balogh
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bury S, Cichoń M, Bauchinger U, Sadowska ET. High oxidative stress despite low energy metabolism and vice versa: Insights through temperature acclimation in an ectotherm. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
15
|
Chimienti G, Picca A, Sirago G, Fracasso F, Calvani R, Bernabei R, Russo F, Carter CS, Leeuwenburgh C, Pesce V, Marzetti E, Lezza AMS. Increased TFAM binding to mtDNA damage hot spots is associated with mtDNA loss in aged rat heart. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:447-453. [PMID: 29969715 PMCID: PMC6319621 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The well-known age-related mitochondrial dysfunction deeply affects heart because of the tissue's large dependence on mitochondrial ATP provision. Our study revealed in aged rat heart a significant 25% decrease in mtDNA relative content, a significant 29% increase in the 4.8 Kb mtDNA deletion relative content, and a significant inverse correlation between such contents as well as a significant 38% decrease in TFAM protein amount. The TFAM-binding activity to specific mtDNA regions increased at those encompassing the mtDNA replication origins, D-loop and Ori-L. The same mtDNA regions were screened for different kinds of oxidative damage, namely Single Strand Breaks (SSBs), Double Strand Breaks (DSBs), abasic sites (AP sites) and oxidized bases as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8oxoG). A marked increase in the relative content of mtDNA strand damage (SSBs, DSBs and AP sites) was found in the D-loop and Ori-L regions in the aged animals, unveiling for the first time in vivo an age-related, non-stochastic accumulation of oxidative lesions in these two regions that appear as hot spots of mtDNA damage. The use of Formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (Fpg) demonstrated also a significant age-related accumulation of oxidized purines particularly in the D-loop and Ori-L regions. The detected increased binding of TFAM to the mtDNA damage hot spots in aged heart suggests a link between TFAM binding to mtDNA and loss of mitochondrial genome likely through hindrance of repair processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmina Chimienti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sirago
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Flavio Fracasso
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Russo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute of Digestive Diseases - I.R.C.C.S. "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Vito Pesce
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Serena Lezza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wauchope OR, Mitchener MM, Beavers WN, Galligan JJ, Camarillo JM, Sanders WD, Kingsley PJ, Shim HN, Blackwell T, Luong T, deCaestecker M, Fessel JP, Marnett LJ. Oxidative stress increases M1dG, a major peroxidation-derived DNA adduct, in mitochondrial DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:3458-3467. [PMID: 29438559 PMCID: PMC5909422 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed in mitochondria during electron transport and energy generation. Elevated levels of ROS lead to increased amounts of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. We report that levels of M1dG, a major endogenous peroxidation-derived DNA adduct, are 50-100-fold higher in mtDNA than in nuclear DNA in several different human cell lines. Treatment of cells with agents that either increase or decrease mitochondrial superoxide levels leads to increased or decreased levels of M1dG in mtDNA, respectively. Sequence analysis of adducted mtDNA suggests that M1dG residues are randomly distributed throughout the mitochondrial genome. Basal levels of M1dG in mtDNA from pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) from transgenic bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 mutant mice (BMPR2R899X) (four adducts per 106 dG) are twice as high as adduct levels in wild-type cells. A similar increase was observed in mtDNA from heterozygous null (BMPR2+/-) compared to wild-type PMVECs. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is observed in the presence of BMPR2 signaling disruptions, which are also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidant injury to endothelial tissue. Persistence of M1dG adducts in mtDNA could have implications for mutagenesis and mitochondrial gene expression, thereby contributing to the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orrette R Wauchope
- A.B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michelle M Mitchener
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William N Beavers
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James J Galligan
- A.B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeannie M Camarillo
- A.B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William D Sanders
- A.B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip J Kingsley
- A.B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ha-Na Shim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas Blackwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thong Luong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark deCaestecker
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Surgery and Medicine, USA
| | - Joshua P Fessel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- A.B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nucci RAB, Teodoro ACDS, Krause Neto W, Silva WDA, de Souza RR, Anaruma CA, Gama EF. Effects of resistance training on liver structure and function of aged rats. Aging Male 2018; 21:60-64. [PMID: 28696823 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2017.1350157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aging process may cause negative physiological changes. However, exercises as resistance training (RT) have been considered an important intervention to attenuate these changes. Additionally, liver plays an important role in blood glucose homeostasis in exercise. AIM This study aimed to analyze the effects of RT on the liver components of aged animals. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 24 months' group (CONTROL); and group submitted to a progressive RT protocol for 16 weeks (EXERCISE). Both groups were sacrificed at 24 months. RESULTS We observed a decrease in blood flow due to the practice of resistance exercises. Besides, our results showed that hepatic tissue plays an important role in glycemic homeostasis during RT. In addition, RT increased mitogen capacity of hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed many implications for the knowledge about the effects of strength training on old animals' liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter Krause Neto
- b Department of Physical Education , São Judas Tadeu University , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
- a Department of Aging Sciences , São Judas Tadeu University , São Paulo , Brazil
- b Department of Physical Education , São Judas Tadeu University , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Anaruma
- c Department of Physical Education , "Julio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Eliane Florencio Gama
- a Department of Aging Sciences , São Judas Tadeu University , São Paulo , Brazil
- b Department of Physical Education , São Judas Tadeu University , São Paulo , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chernikov AV, Gudkov SV, Usacheva AM, Bruskov VI. Exogenous 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine: Biomedical properties, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917130089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
19
|
Zhu L, Lu Y, Zhang J, Hu Q. Subcellular Redox Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:385-398. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
20
|
Rahimi R. Effect of resistance exercise on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in trained and untrained men. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-016-0342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
Okudan N, Belviranli M. Effects of exercise training on hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant status in aged rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2016; 122:180-185. [PMID: 27424521 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2016.1199574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of exercise training on oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense markers in the liver tissues of young and aged rats. Two age groups of 4-(young) and 20-months-(aged) old male Wistar rats were performed exercise training program consisted of swimming exercise for 8 weeks. The biomarkers of pro/antioxidant status malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed by commercially available kits. PC levels were higher in the untrained aged rats compared to the young groups and exercise training decreased PC levels (p < 0.05). 8-OHdG levels were higher in the aged groups (p < 0.05). MDA and GSH levels and SOD activity did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05). The present findings indicate that exercise training prevents aging-induced hepatic oxidative damage especially in the proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilsel Okudan
- a School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Division of Sports Physiology, Selçuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Muaz Belviranli
- a School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Division of Sports Physiology, Selçuk University , Konya , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yavuzer S, Yavuzer H, Cengiz M, Erman H, Demirdag F, Doventas A, Balci H, Erdincler DS, Uzun H. The role of protein oxidation and DNA damage in elderly hypertension. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016; 28:625-32. [PMID: 26487663 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-015-0464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the role of protein oxidation and DNA damage in the elderly hypertensive (HT) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study consisted of four groups: two elderly groups with 30 HT patients and 30 normotensive healthy volunteers, and two young groups with 30 HT patients and 30 normotensive healthy volunteers. Plasma total thiol (T-SH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), protein carbonyl (PCO), ischemia modified albumin (IMA), urine 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) levels were measured. RESULTS In the elderly HT group AOPPs, PCO, 8-OHdG, and PAB were significantly higher than the elderly control group. In the young HT group T-SH levels were significantly lower and the other oxidative stress parameters were significantly higher than the young control group. In the elderly control group AOPPs, PCO, IMA, 8-OHdG and PAB were significantly higher than the young control group. T-SH was significantly lower in the elderly control than the young control group. In the elderly HT group, T-SH levels were significantly lower and AOPPs, PCO, IMA, 8-OHdG, and PAB levels were significantly higher than the young HT group. CONCLUSION Protein and DNA cell damage occurs by oxidation of free radicals throughout life. Our study supports the view that these radicals may be responsible for the development of hypertension with aging process. Urine 8-OHdG levels can be used as a marker for oxidative DNA damage in the elderly hypertensive patients. Finally, our results suggest that oxidative stress may influence both the development and progression of hypertension and aging.
Collapse
|
23
|
Schmidt RH, Nickerson JM, Boatright JH. Exercise as Gene Therapy: BDNF and DNA Damage Repair. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2016; 5:309-11. [PMID: 27488073 PMCID: PMC4975542 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is a common feature of neurodegenerative illnesses, and the ability to repair DNA strand breaks and lesions is crucial for neuronal survival, reported by Jeppesen et al (Prog Neurobiol. 2011;94:166-200) and Shiwaku et al (Curr Mol Med. 2015;15:119-128). Interventions aimed at repairing these lesions, therefore, could be useful for preventing or delaying the progression of disease. One potential strategy for promoting DNA damage repair (DDR) is exercise. Although the role of exercise in DDR is not understood, there is increasing evidence that simple physical activity may impact clinical outcomes for neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss what is currently known about the molecular mechanisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and how these mechanisms might influence the DDR process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin H. Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John M. Nickerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey H. Boatright
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
It is now well established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. In fact, ROS act as secondary messengers in intracellular signalling cascades; however, they can also induce cellular senescence and apoptosis. Aging is an intricate phenomenon characterized by a progressive decline in physiological functions and an increase in mortality, which is often accompanied by many pathological diseases. ROS are involved in age-associated damage to macromolecules, and this may cause derangement in ROS-mediated cell signalling, resulting in stress and diseases. Moreover, the role of oxidative stress in age-related sarcopenia provides strong evidence for the important contribution of physical activity to limit this process. Regular physical activity is considered a preventive measure against oxidative stress-related diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the currently available studies investigating the effects of chronic and/or acute physical exercise on the oxidative stress process in healthy elderly subjects. Although studies on oxidative stress and physical activity are limited, the available information shows that acute exercise increases ROS production and oxidative stress damage in older adults, whereas chronic exercise could protect elderly subjects from oxidative stress damage and reinforce their antioxidant defences. The available studies reveal that to promote beneficial effects of physical activity on oxidative stress, elderly subjects require moderate-intensity training rather than high-intensity exercise.
Collapse
|
25
|
Huffman DM, Schafer MJ, LeBrasseur NK. Energetic interventions for healthspan and resiliency with aging. Exp Gerontol 2016; 86:73-83. [PMID: 27260561 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several behavioral and pharmacological strategies improve longevity, which is indicative of delayed organismal aging, with the most effective interventions extending both life- and healthspan. In free living creatures, maintaining health and function into old age requires resilience against a multitude of stressors. Conversely, in experimental settings, conventional housing of rodents limits exposure to such challenges, thereby obscuring an accurate assessment of resilience. Caloric restriction (CR) and exercise, as well as pharmacologic strategies (resveratrol, rapamycin, metformin, senolytics), are well established to improve indices of health and aging, but some paradoxical effects have been observed on resilience. For instance, CR potently retards the onset of age-related diseases, and improves lifespan to a greater extent than exercise in a variety of models. However, exercise has proven more consistently beneficial to organismal resilience against a broad array of stressors, including infections, surgery, wound healing and frailty. CR can improve cellular stress defenses and protect from frailty, but also impairs the response to infections, bed rest and healing. How an intervention will impact not only longevity, health and function, but also resiliency, is critical to better understanding translational implications. Thus, organismal robustness represents a critical, albeit understudied aspect of aging, which needs more careful attention in order to better inform on how putative age-delaying strategies will impact preservation of health and function in response to stressors with aging in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Huffman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Marissa J Schafer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:7239639. [PMID: 26823952 PMCID: PMC4707375 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7239639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wealth of epidemiological and experimental studies indicating the protective role of regular physical activity/exercise training against the sequels of aging and cardiovascular diseases, the molecular transducers of exercise/physical activity benefits are not fully identified but should be further investigated in more integrative and innovative approaches, as they bear the potential for transformative discoveries of novel therapeutic targets. As aging and cardiovascular diseases are associated with a chronic state of oxidative stress and inflammation mediated via complex and interconnected pathways, we will focus in this review on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of exercise, mainly exerted on adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, immune system, and cardiovascular system by modulating anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory cytokines profile, redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, and repair proteins such as heat shock proteins, proteasome complex, oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, uracil DNA glycosylase, and telomerase. It is important to note that the effects of exercise vary depending on the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise as well as on the individual's characteristics; therefore, the development of personalized exercise programs is essential.
Collapse
|
27
|
Franzke B, Neubauer O, Wagner KH. Super DNAging—New insights into DNA integrity, genome stability and telomeres in the oldest old. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 766:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
28
|
Soares JP, Silva AM, Oliveira MM, Peixoto F, Gaivão I, Mota MP. Effects of combined physical exercise training on DNA damage and repair capacity: role of oxidative stress changes. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9799. [PMID: 26044257 PMCID: PMC4456486 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical exercise has been shown to be one of the most important lifestyle influences on improving functional performance, decreasing morbidity and all causes of mortality among older people. However, it is known that acute physical exercise may induce an increase in oxidative stress and oxidative damage in several structures, including DNA. Considering this, the purpose of this study was to identify the effects of 16 weeks of combined physical exercise in DNA damage and repair capacity in lymphocytes. In addition, we aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress involved in those changes. Fifty-seven healthy men (40 to 74 years) were enrolled in this study. The sample was divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG), composed of 31 individuals, submitted to 16 weeks of combined physical exercise training; and the control group (CG), composed of 26 individuals, who did not undergo any specifically orientated physical activity. We observed an improvement of overall physical performance in the EG, after the physical exercise training. A significant decrease in DNA strand breaks and FPG-sensitive sites was found after the physical exercise training, with no significant changes in 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase enzyme activity. An increase was observed in antioxidant activity, and a decrease was found in lipid peroxidation levels after physical exercise training. These results suggest that physical exercise training induces protective effects against DNA damage in lymphocytes possibly related to the increase in antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pinto Soares
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, P-5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Løhr M, Jensen A, Eriksen L, Grønbæk M, Loft S, Møller P. Association between age and repair of oxidatively damaged DNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:695-700. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
30
|
Morris G, Berk M, Galecki P, Walder K, Maes M. The Neuro-Immune Pathophysiology of Central and Peripheral Fatigue in Systemic Immune-Inflammatory and Neuro-Immune Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1195-1219. [PMID: 25598355 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with systemic immune-inflammatory and neuro-inflammatory disorders, including depression, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disorder, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis, endure pathological levels of fatigue. The aim of this narrative review is to delineate the wide array of pathways that may underpin the incapacitating fatigue occurring in systemic and neuro-inflammatory disorders. A wide array of immune, inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), bioenergetic, and neurophysiological abnormalities are involved in the etiopathology of these disease states and may underpin the incapacitating fatigue that accompanies these disorders. This range of abnormalities comprises: increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and interferon (IFN) α; O&NS-induced muscle fatigue; activation of the Toll-Like Receptor Cycle through pathogen-associated (PAMPs) and damage-associated (DAMPs) molecular patterns, including heat shock proteins; altered glutaminergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission; mitochondrial dysfunctions; and O&NS-induced defects in the sodium-potassium pump. Fatigue is also associated with altered activities in specific brain regions and muscle pathology, such as reductions in maximum voluntary muscle force, downregulation of the mitochondrial biogenesis master gene peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, a shift to glycolysis and buildup of toxic metabolites within myocytes. As such, both mental and physical fatigue, which frequently accompany immune-inflammatory and neuro-inflammatory disorders, are the consequence of interactions between multiple systemic and central pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, SA152LW, Wales, UK
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, Poplar Road 35, Parkville, 3052, Australia.,The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Royal Parade 30, Parkville, 3052, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ken Walder
- Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil. .,Impact Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Treidel LA, Carter AW, Bowden RM. Temperature experienced during incubation affects antioxidant capacity but not oxidative damage in hatchling red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). J Exp Biol 2015; 219:561-70. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.128843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of how oxidative stress resistance phenotypes are affected by the developmental environment is limited. One component of the developmental environment, which is likely central to early life oxidative stress among ectothermic and oviparous species, is that of temperature. We investigated how incubation temperature manipulations affect oxidative damage and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) hatchlings. First, to determine if temperature fluctuations elicit oxidative stress, eggs from clutches were randomly assigned to either a constant (29.5°C) or daily fluctuating temperature incubation (28.7±3°C) treatment. Second, to assess the effect of temperature fluctuation frequency on oxidative stress, eggs were incubated in one of three fluctuating incubation regimes; 28.7±3°C fluctuations every 12 (Hyper), 24 (Normal), or 48 hours (Hypo). Third, we tested the influence of average incubation temperature by incubating eggs in a daily fluctuating incubation temperature regime with a mean temperature of 26.5°C (Low), 27.1°C (Medium), or 27.7°C (High). Although the accumulation of oxidative damage in hatchlings was unaffected by any thermal manipulation, TAC was affected by both temperature fluctuation frequency and average incubation temperature. Individuals incubated with a low frequency of temperature fluctuations had reduced TAC, while incubation at a lower average temperature was associated with enhanced TAC. These results indicate that while sufficient to prevent oxidative damage, TAC is influenced by developmental thermal environments, potentially due to temperature mediated changes in metabolic rate. The observed differences in TAC may have important future consequences for hatchling fitness and overwinter survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Treidel
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University Normal IL, 61761, USA
| | - A. W. Carter
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University Normal IL, 61761, USA
| | - R. M. Bowden
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University Normal IL, 61761, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Exercise-induced neuroprotection of hippocampus in APP/PS1 transgenic mice via upregulation of mitochondrial 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:834502. [PMID: 25538817 PMCID: PMC4236906 DOI: 10.1155/2014/834502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Improving mitochondrial function has been proposed as a reasonable therapeutic strategy to reduce amyloid-β (Aβ) load and to modify the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship between mitochondrial adaptation and brain neuroprotection caused by physical exercise in AD is poorly understood. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of long-term treadmill exercise on mitochondrial 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) level, mtDNA oxidative damage, and mitochondrial function in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD. In the present study, twenty weeks of treadmill training significantly improved the cognitive function and reduced the expression of Aβ-42 in APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice. Training also ameliorated mitochondrial respiratory function by increasing the complexes I, and IV and ATP synthase activities, whereas it attenuated ROS generation and mtDNA oxidative damage in Tg mice. Furthermore, the impaired mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial OGG1 activities seen in Tg mice were restored with training. Acetylation level of mitochondrial OGG1 and MnSOD was markedly suppressed in Tg mice after exercise training, in parallel with increased level of SIRT3. These findings suggest that exercise training could increase mtDNA repair capacity in the mouse hippocampus, which in turn would result in protection against AD-related mitochondrial dysfunction and phenotypic deterioration.
Collapse
|
33
|
Al-Shobaili HA, Rasheed Z. Mitochondrial DNA acquires immunogenicity on exposure to nitrosative stress in patients with vitiligo. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:1053-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
34
|
Sawada SS, Lee IM, Naito H, Kakigi R, Goto S, Kanazawa M, Okamoto T, Tsukamoto K, Muto T, Tanaka H, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and cancer mortality: a cohort study of Japanese men. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1012. [PMID: 25261876 PMCID: PMC4190338 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to investigate the independent and joint effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) on cancer mortality in a low body mass index population. Methods We evaluated CRF and BMI in relation to cancer mortality in 8760 Japanese men. The median BMI was 22.6 kg/m2 (IQR: 21.0-24.3). The mean follow-up period was more than 20 years. Hazard ratios and 95% CI were obtained using a Cox proportional hazards model while adjusting for several confounding factors. Results Using the 2nd tertile of BMI (21.6-23.6 kg/m2) as reference, hazard ratios and 95% CI for the lowest tertile of BMI (18.5-21.5) were 1.26 (0.87–1.81), and 0.92 (0.64–1.34) for the highest tertile (23.7-37.4). Using the lowest tertile of CRF as reference, hazard ratios and 95% CIs for 2nd and highest tertiles of CRF were 0.78 (0.55–1.10) and 0.59 (0.40–0.88). We further calculated hazard ratios according to groups of men cross-tabulated by tertiles of CRF and BMI. Among men in the second tertile of BMI, those belonging to the lowest CRF tertile had a 53% lower risk of cancer mortality compared to those in the lowest CRF tertile (hazard ratio: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23-0.97). Among those in the highest BMI tertile, the corresponding hazard ratio was 0.54 (0.25-1.17). Conclusion These results suggest that high CRF is associated with lower cancer mortality in a Japanese population of men with low average BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu S Sawada
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang XY, Eungpinichpong W, Silsirivanit A, Nakmareong S, Wu XH. Tai chi improves oxidative stress response and DNA damage/repair in young sedentary females. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:825-9. [PMID: 25013276 PMCID: PMC4085201 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of Tai Chi (TC) exercise on antioxidant capacity, and DNA damage/repair in young females who did not perform regular physical exercise. [Subjects and Methods] Ten female students from a Chinese university voluntarily participated in this program. All of them practiced the 24-form simplified Tai Chi, 5 times weekly, for 12 weeks. Plasma levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), hydroxyl radical inhibiting capacity (OH·-IC), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) were measured at 0, 8, and 12 weeks. Heart rate (HR) was monitored during the last set of the training session at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. [Results] Plasma SOD and OH·-IC levels were increased at 8 and 12 weeks compared to the baseline (0 weeks). Gpx and GSH levels did not change significantly throughout the study period. The plasma MDA level was decreased significantly at 8 weeks but not at 12 weeks compared to the baseline value. While the plasma 8-OHdG level did not change throughout the study period, the plasma OGG1 level was significantly increased at 8 and 12 weeks compared to the baseline value. [Conclusion] TC practice for 12 weeks efficiently improved the oxidative stress response in young females who did not perform regular physical exercise. The TC exercise also increased the DNA repairing capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Huang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated
Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
- School of Physical Education, Gannan Normal University,
China
- Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain Research Group, Khon Kaen
University, Thailand
| | - Wichai Eungpinichpong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated
Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
- Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain Research Group, Khon Kaen
University, Thailand
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen
University, Thailand
| | - Saowanee Nakmareong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated
Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Xiu-Hua Wu
- School of Science and Technology, Gannan Normal University,
China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Determinants of short- and long-term survival from colorectal cancer in very elderly patients. J Geriatr Oncol 2014; 5:376-83. [PMID: 24845215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Over 5100 colorectal cancers (CRCs) are diagnosed in the United Kingdom in 85 years and older age group per year but little is known of cancer progression in this group. We assessed clinical, pathological and molecular features of CRC with early and late mortality in such patients. METHODS Data were analysed in relation to early mortality and long-term survival in 90 consecutive patients with CRC aged 85 years or older in a single hospital. RESULTS Patients not undergoing operation, those with an ASA score of III or greater and those with advanced tumour stage were more likely to die within 30 days. Regression analysis showed that 30 day mortality was independently related to failure to undergo resection (odds ratio (O.R.), 10.0; 95% confidence interval [C.I.], 1.7-58.2; p=0.01) and an ASA score of III or greater (O.R. 13.0; 95% C.I., 1.4-12.6; p=0.03). All cause three and five year survival were 47% and 23% respectively for patients who are alive 30 days after diagnosis. Three and five year relative survivals were 64% and 54%, respectively. Long-term outcome was independently related to tumour stage (relative risk [R.R.], 2; 95% C.I., 1.3-3.1; p=0.001), presence of co-morbid diseases (R.R., 2.8; 95% C.I., 1.3-6.0; p=0.007) and lipid peroxidation status (R.R., 2.9; 95% C.I., 1.1-7.5; p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS An active multidisciplinary approach to the care of patients with CRC at the upper extreme of life is reasonable. It also seems sensible to individualise care based upon the extent of disease at diagnosis and the presence of co-morbid conditions. Further studies to examine the role of lipid peroxidation are warranted.
Collapse
|
37
|
da Cunha MJ, da Cunha AA, Scherer EBS, Machado FR, Loureiro SO, Jaenisch RB, Guma F, Lago PD, Wyse ATS. Experimental lung injury promotes alterations in energy metabolism and respiratory mechanics in the lungs of rats: prevention by exercise. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 389:229-38. [PMID: 24378995 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the effects of lung injury on energy metabolism (succinate dehydrogenase, complex II, cytochrome c oxidase, and ATP levels), respiratory mechanics (dynamic and static compliance, elastance and respiratory system resistance) in the lungs of rats, as well as on phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The protective effect of physical exercise on the alterations caused by lung injury, including lung edema was also evaluated. Wistar rats were submitted to 2 months of physical exercise. After this period the lung injury was induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. Adult Wistar rats were submitted to 2 months of physical exercise and after this period the lung injury was induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide in dose 100 μg/100 g body weight. The sham group received isotonic saline instillation. Twelve hours after the injury was performed the respiratory mechanical and after the rats were decapitated and samples were collected. The rats subjected to lung injury presented a decrease in activities of the enzymes of the electron transport chain and ATP levels in lung, as well as the formation of pulmonary edema. A decreased lung dynamic and static compliance, as well as an increase in respiratory system resistance, and a decrease in phospholipids content were observed. Physical exercise was able to totally prevent the decrease in succinate dehydrogenase and complex II activities and the formation of pulmonary edema. It also partially prevented the increase in respiratory system resistance, but did not prevent the decrease in dynamic and static compliance, as well as in phospholipids content. These findings suggest that the mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of the important contributors to lung damage and that physical exercise may be beneficial in this pathology, although it did not prevent all changes present in lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maira J da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Modulation of hepatic redox status and mitochondrial metabolism by exercise: Therapeutic strategy for liver diseases. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:862-70. [PMID: 23880173 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
39
|
Cornelius C, Crupi R, Calabrese V, Graziano A, Milone P, Pennisi G, Radak Z, Calabrese EJ, Cuzzocrea S. Traumatic brain injury: oxidative stress and neuroprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:836-53. [PMID: 23547621 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A vast amount of circumstantial evidence implicates high energy oxidants and oxidative stress as mediators of secondary damage associated with traumatic brain injury. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species due to excitotoxicity and exhaustion of the endogenous antioxidant system induces peroxidation of cellular and vascular structures, protein oxidation, cleavage of DNA, and inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. RECENT ADVANCES Different integrated responses exist in the brain to detect oxidative stress, which is controlled by several genes termed vitagens. Vitagens encode for cytoprotective heat shock proteins, and thioredoxin and sirtuins. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS This article discusses selected aspects of secondary brain injury after trauma and outlines key mechanisms associated with toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and necrosis. Finally, this review discusses the role of different oxidants and presents potential clinically relevant molecular targets that could be harnessed to treat secondary injury associated with brain trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Cornelius
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Al-Shobaili HA, Rasheed Z. Physicochemical and immunological studies on mitochondrial DNA modified by peroxynitrite: implications of neo-epitopes of mitochondrial DNA in the etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2013; 22:1024-37. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203313498803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Recent evidence has demonstrated that mitochondria possess their own nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) and can produce endogenous reactive-nitrogen-species (RNS) including peroxynitrite (ONOO–). This study was undertaken to investigate the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage by ONOO– in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) autoimmunity. Methods MtDNA was isolated from fresh goat liver and modified by ONOO–, generated by synergistic action of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O–2) donors. Modifications occurring in mtDNA were characterized by physicochemical techniques. SLE patients ( n = 50) with varying disease activity according to the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and healthy controls ( n = 34) were evaluated for antibodies to native and ONOO–-modified mtDNA by immunoassays. Gel retardation assays were performed to cross-examine the immunoassay results using affinity-purified SLE immunoglobulin G (IgG). Nitrosative stress in SLE patients was studied by measuring nitrotyrosine and inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Results The ONOO– caused extensive damage to mtDNA as evident by ultraviolet (UV) hyperchromicity and loss of florescence intensity. Thermal melting studies, agarose gel electrophoresis and nuclease S1 digestibility clearly indicate structural perturbation in mtDNA by ONOO–. Quenching studies with specific NO or O–2 quenchers confirmed that the damaging agent was ONOO–. SLE autoantibodies exhibited enhanced binding with ONOO–-mtDNA as compared to their native analog. Interestingly, not only was there an increased number of subjects positive for ONOO–-mtDNA, but also the levels of anti-ONOO–-mtDNA antibodies were statistically significantly higher among SLE patients whose SLEDAI scores were ≥ 20 as compared with SLE patients with lower SLEDAI scores (SLEDAI < 20). Normal healthy controls showed negligible binding with either antigen. Furthermore, SLE patients had higher levels of nitrotyrosine and iNOS compared with their respective healthy controls. Conclusions Our novel results provide an important insight into the immunological basis of anti-DNA autoantibody generation in SLE. Our data conclude that modification of mtDNA by ONOO– causes structural perturbations, resulting in the generation of neo-epitopes, and making it a potential immunogen in SLE. The mtDNA modified by ONOO– may be useful in evaluating the progression of SLE and in elucidating the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HA Al-Shobaili
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; and 2Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z Rasheed
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; and 2Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Radak Z, Zhao Z, Koltai E, Ohno H, Atalay M. Oxygen consumption and usage during physical exercise: the balance between oxidative stress and ROS-dependent adaptive signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1208-46. [PMID: 22978553 PMCID: PMC3579386 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of human DNA has been affected by aerobic metabolism, including endurance exercise and oxygen toxicity. Aerobic endurance exercise could play an important role in the evolution of Homo sapiens, and oxygen was not important just for survival, but it was crucial to redox-mediated adaptation. The metabolic challenge during physical exercise results in an elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are important modulators of muscle contraction, antioxidant protection, and oxidative damage repair, which at moderate levels generate physiological responses. Several factors of mitochondrial biogenesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and SIRT1, are modulated by exercise-associated changes in the redox milieu. PGC-1α activation could result in decreased oxidative challenge, either by upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and/or by an increased number of mitochondria that allows lower levels of respiratory activity for the same degree of ATP generation. Endogenous thiol antioxidants glutathione and thioredoxin are modulated with high oxygen consumption and ROS generation during physical exercise, controlling cellular function through redox-sensitive signaling and protein-protein interactions. Endurance exercise-related angiogenesis, up to a significant degree, is regulated by ROS-mediated activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Moreover, the exercise-associated ROS production could be important to DNA methylation and post-translation modifications of histone residues, which create heritable adaptive conditions based on epigenetic features of chromosomes. Accumulating data indicate that exercise with moderate intensity has systemic and complex health-promoting effects, which undoubtedly involve regulation of redox homeostasis and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Institute of Sport Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Donati A, Cavallini G, Bergamini E. Effects of aging, antiaging calorie restriction and in vivo stimulation of autophagy on the urinary excretion of 8OHdG in male Sprague-Dawley rats. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:261-270. [PMID: 22351421 PMCID: PMC3592951 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) excreted into the urine is considered a marker of oxidative stress effect on DNA, and it is reported to be mainly produced by the DNA repair system. In previous works, we showed that autophagy was also involved in 8OHdG disposal through the degradation of oxidatively altered mitochondria. Here, we show that aging in Sprague-Dawley male rats is associated with a decline in the in vitro function of liver autophagy and a slight and not significant decrease in the urinary excretion of 8OHdG. In addition, we demonstrate that anti-aging caloric restriction maintains levels of both liver autophagy and urinary excretion of 8OHdG at very high levels throughout life. Finally, we show the in vivo stimulation of autophagy by the administration of an antilipolytic agent or everolimus, which rescues rats from the accumulation of 8OHdG in the liver mtDNA, also causes a dramatic increase in the urinary excretion of 8OHdG. The intensification of autophagy by the administration of the antilipolytic drugs to fasting rats faded progressively with increasing age, together with a reduced increase in 8OHdG output into the urine. It is concluded that the process of autophagy may play a major role in the disposal of 8OHdG with urine, and that the assay of 8OHdG levels in the urine before and after the stimulation of autophagy may provide a novel, non-invasive and safe procedure to monitor the in vivo functioning of the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Donati
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Biologia e Patologia dell'Invecchiamento, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Fernández-García B, de Luxán-Delgado B, Rodríguez-González S, García-Macia M, Suárez FM, Solano JJ, Rodríguez-Colunga MJ, Coto-Montes A. Chronic training increases blood oxidative damage but promotes health in elderly men. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:407-17. [PMID: 22215375 PMCID: PMC3592962 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate a large panel of oxidative stress biomarkers in long-term trained elderly men to analyse the effects of chronic training on an aged population. We collected blood samples from two groups of male volunteers older than 65 years who maintain a measure of functional independence: one group of sedentary subjects without a history of regular physical activity and the other of subjects who have sustained training, starting during middle age (mean training time=49 ± 8 years). We studied morbidity and polypharmacy, as well as haematological parameters including red cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width and several oxidative biomarkers including protein carbonyl content and lipid peroxidation in plasma and erythrocytes, red blood cell H2O2-induced haemolysis test, plasma total antioxidant activity and the main antioxidant enzymes of erythrocytes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. After adjusting for confounding factors, we observed an increase in all oxidative damage biomarkers in the plasma and erythrocytes of the long-term exercise group. However, we reported a decrease in the number of diseases per subject with statistical differences nearly significant (p=0.061), reduced intake of medications per subject and lower levels of red cell distribution width in the chronic exercise group. These results indicate that chronic exercise from middle age to old age increases oxidative damage; however, chronic exercise appears to be an effective strategy to attenuate the age-related decline in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- />Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Benjamín Fernández-García
- />Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Luxán-Delgado
- />Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Rodríguez-González
- />Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marina García-Macia
- />Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Juan José Solano
- />Geriatrics Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Josefa Rodríguez-Colunga
- />Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- />Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Adetona O, Zhang JJ, Hall DB, Wang JS, Vena JE, Naeher LP. Occupational exposure to woodsmoke and oxidative stress in wildland firefighters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 449:269-75. [PMID: 23434577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies indicate that exposure to woodsmoke could induce oxidative stress. However studies have not been conducted among the general population and specialized occupational groups despite the existence of elevated woodsmoke exposure situations. Therefore, we investigated whether there were across workshift changes in oxidative stress biomarkers among wildland firefighters who are occupationally exposed to elevated levels of woodsmoke. We collected pre- and post-workshift urine samples from 19 wildland firefighters before and after prescribed burns. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in the samples, and analyzed whether there were cross-shift changes in their levels, and the relationships between the changes and the length of firefighting career, age of firefighter, and quantified workshift exposure to particulate matter. Overall no significant cross-shift change was observed for 8-oxodG or MDA in the urine samples of the firefighters. Changes in both biomarkers were also not associated with PM2.5, which was used as a marker of exposure. However, overall unadjusted geometric mean 8-oxo-dG levels in the samples (31 μg/g creatinine) was relatively higher compared to those measured in healthy individuals in many occupational or general population studies. Additionally, cross-shift changes in 8-oxo-dG excretion were dependent on the length of firefighting career (p=0.01) or age of the subject (p=0.01). Significant increases in 8-oxo-dG level from pre-shift to post-shift were observed for those who had been firefighters for 2 years or less. The results indicate that oxidative stress response measured as cross-shift changes in 8-oxo-dG may depend on age or the length of a firefighter's career. These results suggest the need to investigate the longer term health effects of cumulative exposure of woodsmoke exposure among wildland firefighters, because increased body burden of oxidative stress is a risk factor for many diseases and is theorized to be involved in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olorunfemi Adetona
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sasaki T, Tahara S, Shinkai T, Kuramoto K, Matsumoto S, Yanabe M, Takagi S, Kondo H, Kaneko T. Lifespan extension in the spontaneous dwarf rat and enhanced resistance to hyperoxia-induced mortality. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:457-63. [PMID: 23454635 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lifespan extension has been demonstrated in dwarfism mouse models relative to their wild-type. The spontaneous dwarf rat (SDR) was isolated from a closed colony of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Growth hormone deficiencies have been indicated to be responsible for dwarfism in SDR. Survival time, the markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, and resistance to hyperoxia were compared between SDR and SD rats, to investigate whether SDR, a dwarfism rat model, also extends lifespan and has an enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. SDRs lived 38% longer than SD rats on average. This is the first report to show that dwarf rats exhibit lifespan extensions similar to Ames and Snell mice. Decreased 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) content, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, indicated suppressed oxidative stress in the liver, kidney, and lung of SDRs. Increased glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity was consistent with decreased 8-oxodG content in the same tissues. The heart and brain showed a similar tendency, but this was not significant. However, the catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities of SDRs were not different from those of SD rats in any tissue. This was not what the original null hypothesis predicted. SDRs had potent resistance to the toxicity associated with high O2 (85%) exposure. The mean survival time in SDRs was more than 147% that of SD rats with 168h O2 exposure. These results suggest that the enhanced resistance to oxidative stress of SDRs associated with enhanced hydrogen peroxide elimination may support its potential role in lifespan extension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Sasaki
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Redox Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Marosi K, Bori Z, Hart N, Sárga L, Koltai E, Radák Z, Nyakas C. Long-term exercise treatment reduces oxidative stress in the hippocampus of aging rats. Neuroscience 2012; 226:21-8. [PMID: 22982624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Exercise can exert beneficial effects on cognitive functions of older subjects and it can also play an important role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. At the same time it is perceivable that limited information is available on the nature of molecular pathways supporting the antioxidant effects of exercise in the brain. In this study 12-month old, middle-aged female Wistar rats were subjected to daily moderate intensity exercise on a rodent treadmill for a period of 15weeks which covered the early aging period unmasking already some aging-related molecular disturbances. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the amount of protein carbonyls, the levels of antioxidant intracellular enzymes superoxide dismutases (SOD-1, SOD-2) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the hippocampus. In addition, to identify the molecular pathways that may be involved in ROS metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis, the activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the protein level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) were measured. Our results revealed a lower level of ROS associated with a reduced amount of protein carbonyls in the hippocampus of physically trained rats compared to sedentary controls. Furthermore, exercise induced an up-regulation of SOD-1 and GPx enzymes, p-AMPK and PGC-1α, that can be related to an improved redox balance in the hippocampus. These results suggest that long-term physical exercise can comprises antioxidant properties and by this way protect neurons against oxidative stress at the early stage of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Marosi
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mitochondrial DNA damage and its consequences for mitochondrial gene expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2012; 1819:979-91. [PMID: 22728831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
How mitochondria process DNA damage and whether a change in the steady-state level of mitochondrial DNA damage (mtDNA) contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction are questions that fuel burgeoning areas of research into aging and disease pathogenesis. Over the past decade, researchers have identified and measured various forms of endogenous and environmental mtDNA damage and have elucidated mtDNA repair pathways. Interestingly, mitochondria do not appear to contain the full range of DNA repair mechanisms that operate in the nucleus, although mtDNA contains types of damage that are targets of each nuclear DNA repair pathway. The reduced repair capacity may, in part, explain the high mutation frequency of the mitochondrial chromosome. Since mtDNA replication is dependent on transcription, mtDNA damage may alter mitochondrial gene expression at three levels: by causing DNA polymerase γ nucleotide incorporation errors leading to mutations, by interfering with the priming of mtDNA replication by the mitochondrial RNA polymerase, or by inducing transcriptional mutagenesis or premature transcript termination. This review summarizes our current knowledge of mtDNA damage, its repair, and its effects on mtDNA integrity and gene expression. This article is part of a special issue entitled: Mitochondrial Gene Expression.
Collapse
|
48
|
Dietary restriction increases site-specific histone H3 acetylation in rat liver: Possible modulation by sirtuins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 418:836-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
49
|
Chouteau JM, Obiako B, Gorodnya OM, Pastukh VM, Ruchko MV, Wright AJ, Wilson GL, Gillespie MN. Mitochondrial DNA integrity may be a determinant of endothelial barrier properties in oxidant-challenged rat lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L892-8. [PMID: 21890512 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00210.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells and other cell types, overexpression of mt-targeted DNA repair enzymes protects against oxidant-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and cell death. Whether mtDNA integrity governs functional properties of the endothelium in the intact pulmonary circulation is unknown. Accordingly, the present study used isolated, buffer-perfused rat lungs to determine whether fusion proteins targeting 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (Ogg1) or endonuclease III (Endo III) to mitochondria attenuated mtDNA damage and vascular barrier dysfunction evoked by glucose oxidase (GOX)-generated hydrogen peroxide. We found that both Endo III and Ogg1 fusion proteins accumulated in lung cell mitochondria within 30 min of addition to the perfusion medium. Both constructs prevented GOX-induced increases in the vascular filtration coefficient. Although GOX-induced nuclear DNA damage could not be detected, quantitative Southern blot analysis revealed substantial GOX-induced oxidative mtDNA damage that was prevented by pretreatment with both fusion proteins. The Ogg1 construct also reversed preexisting GOX-induced vascular barrier dysfunction and oxidative mtDNA damage. Collectively, these findings support the ideas that mtDNA is a sentinel molecule governing lung vascular barrier responses to oxidant stress in the intact lung and that the mtDNA repair pathway could be a target for pharmacological intervention in oxidant lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Chouteau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, 36688, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Age-associated neurodegeneration and oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:305-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|