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Yang Y, Zhang W, Liu Y, Liu X, Xie J, Xu R, Huang Y, Hao J, Sun Y, Gu X, Ma Z. Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Peripheral Platelets as a Predictive Biomarker for Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:74-86. [PMID: 38501714 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between the preoperative Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI) of platelets and the occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients. METHODS Elderly patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were included. The presence of POD was assessed within the 3 days after surgery. Seahorse XF analysis and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate the mitochondrial metabolism and morphology of platelets. RESULTS A total of 20 out of 162 participants developed POD. Participants with POD showed lower preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination scores and total protein levels, fewer educational years, longer surgery duration, higher mean platelet volume, and lower platelet BHI compared with those without POD. Damaged mitochondria with swollen appearance and distorted cristae was detected in platelets from participants with POD. Preoperative platelet BHI was independently associated with the occurrence of POD after adjusting for age, education, preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination score, preoperative mean platelet volume and total protein levels, surgical type and duration, and lymphocyte counts on the first postoperative day (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03-0.37, p < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating curves for predicting POD were 0.83 (95% CI 0.76-0.88) for platelet BHI. It showed a sensitivity of 85.00% and specificity of 73.24%, with an optimal cutoff value of 1.61. Using a serial combination (mean platelet volume followed by BHI) yielded a sensitivity of 80.00% and specificity of 82.39%. INTERPRETATION Preoperative platelet BHI was independently associated with the occurrence of POD in elderly patients and has the potential as a screening biomarker for POD risk. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:74-86.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu'e Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Ehinger JK, Westerlund E, Frostner EÅ, Karlsson M, Paul G, Sjövall F, Elmér E. Mitochondrial function in peripheral blood cells across the human lifespan. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:10. [PMID: 38326348 PMCID: PMC10850142 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a hallmark of aging. Up to now, a gradual decline of mitochondrial respiration with advancing age has mainly been demonstrated in human muscle tissue. A handful of studies have examined age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in human blood cells, and only with small sample sizes and mainly in platelets. In this study, we analyzed mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and platelets from 308 individuals across the human lifespan (0-86 years). In regression analyses, with adjustment for false discovery rate (FDR), we found age-related changes in respiratory measurements to be either small or absent. The main significant changes were an age-related relative decline in complex I-linked respiration and a corresponding rise of complex II-linked respiration in PBMCs. These results add to the understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and to its possible role in immune cell and platelet senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes K Ehinger
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Emil Westerlund
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Emergency Department, Kungälv Hospital, Kungälv, Sweden
| | | | | | - Gesine Paul
- Translational Neurology Group and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Sjövall
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Intensive- and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Shi M, Chu F, Zhu F, Zhu J. Peripheral blood amyloid-β involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease via impacting on peripheral innate immune cells. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38178136 PMCID: PMC10765910 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-03003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A key pathological factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of age-related dementia in the world, is excessive β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in extracellular aggregation in the brain. And in the peripheral blood, a large amount of Aβ is derived from platelets. So far, the causality between the levels of peripheral blood Aβ and its aggregation in the brain, particularly the role of the peripheral blood Aβ in the pathology of AD, is still unclear. And the relation between the peripheral blood Aβ and tau tangles of brain, another crucial pathologic factor contributing to the pathogenesis of AD, is also ambiguous. More recently, the anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies are approved for treatment of AD patients through declining the peripheral blood Aβ mechanism of action to enhance plasma and central nervous system (CNS) Aβ clearance, leading to a decrease Aβ burden in brain and improving cognitive function, which clearly indicates that the levels of the peripheral blood Aβ impacted on the Aβ burden in brain and involved in the pathogenesis of AD. In addition, the role of peripheral innate immune cells in AD remains mostly unknown and the results obtained were controversial. In the present review, we summarize recent studies on the roles of peripheral blood Aβ and the peripheral innate immune cells in the pathogenesis of AD. Finally, based on the published data and our own work, we believe that peripheral blood Aβ plays an important role in the development and progression of AD by impacting on the peripheral innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Shi
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fengna Chu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Jedlička J, Kunc R, Kuncová J. Mitochondrial respiration of human platelets in young adult and advanced age - Seahorse or O2k? Physiol Res 2021; 70:S369-S379. [PMID: 35099255 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate platelet mitochondrial oxygen consumption using high-resolution respirometry (HRR) and metabolic flux analysis (MFA) and to verify the effect of advanced age on these parameters. HRR was used to analyze permeabilized and intact platelets, MFA to measure oxygen consumption rates (OCR), extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) and ATP production rate in intact fixed platelets. Two groups of healthy volunteers were included in the study: YOUNG (20-42 years, n=44) and older adults (OLD; 70-89 years; n=15). Compared to YOUNG donors, platelets from group OLD participants displayed significantly lower values of oxygen consumption in the Complex II-linked phosphorylating and uncoupled states and the Complex IV activity in HRR protocols for permeabilized cells and significantly lower resting and uncoupled respirations in intact cells when analyzed by both methods. In addition, mitochondrial ATP production rate was also significantly lower in platelets isolated from older adults. Variables measured by both methods from the same bloods correlated significantly, nevertheless those acquired by MFA were higher than those measured using HRR. In conclusion, the study verifies compromised mitochondrial respiration and oxidative ATP production in the platelets of aged persons and documents good compatibility of the two most widely used methods for determining the global performance of the electron-transporting system, i.e. HRR and MFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jedlička
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic.
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JEDLIČKA J, KUNC R, KUNCOVÁ J. Mitochondrial Respiration of Human Platelets in Young Adult and Advanced Age – Seahorse or O2k? Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate platelet mitochondrial oxygen consumption using high-resolution respirometry (HRR) and metabolic flux analysis (MFA) and to verify the effect of advanced age on these parameters. HRR was used to analyze permeabilized and intact platelets, MFA to measure oxygen consumption rates (OCR), extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) and ATP production rate in intact fixed platelets. Two groups of healthy volunteers were included in the study: YOUNG (20-42 years, n=44) and older adults (OLD; 70-89 years; n=15). Compared to YOUNG donors, platelets from group OLD participants displayed significantly lower values of oxygen consumption in the Complex II-linked phosphorylating and uncoupled states and the Complex IV activity in HRR protocols for permeabilized cells and significantly lower resting and uncoupled respirations in intact cells when analyzed by both methods. In addition, mitochondrial ATP production rate was also significantly lower in platelets isolated from older adults. Variables measured by both methods from the same bloods correlated significantly, nevertheless those acquired by MFA were higher than those measured using HRR. In conclusion, the study verifies compromised mitochondrial respiration and oxidative ATP production in the platelets of aged persons and documents good compatibility of the two most widely used methods for determining the global performance of the electron-transporting system, i.e. HRR and MFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J JEDLIČKA
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - R KUNC
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - J KUNCOVÁ
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
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Carbone MG, Pagni G, Tagliarini C, Imbimbo BP, Pomara N. Can platelet activation result in increased plasma Aβ levels and contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101420. [PMID: 34371202 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the central lesions in the brain of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is represented by aggregates of β-amyloid (Aβ), a peptide of 40-42 amino acids derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The reasons why Aβ accumulates in the brain of individuals with sporadic forms of AD are unknown. Platelets are the primary source of circulating APP and, upon activation, can secrete significant amounts of Aβ into the blood which can be actively transported to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and promote amyloid deposition. Increased platelet activity can stimulate platelet adhesion to endothelial cells, trigger the recruitment of leukocytes into the vascular wall and cause perivascular inflammation, which can spread inflammation in the brain. Neuroinflammation is fueled by activated microglial cells and reactive astrocytes that release neurotoxic cytokines and chemokines. Platelet activation is also associated with the progression of carotid artery disease resulting in an increased risk of cerebral hypoperfusion which may also contribute to the AD neurodegenerative process. Platelet activation may thus be a pathophysiological mechanism of AD and for the strong link between AD and cerebrovascular diseases. Interfering with platelet activation may represent a promising potential adjunct therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Glauco Carbone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Viale Luigi Borri 57, 21100, Varese, Italy; Pisa-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Pagni
- Pisa-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Tagliarini
- Pisa-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Nunzio Pomara
- Geriatric Psychiatry Department, Nathan Kline Institute, and Departments of Psychiatry and Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 140 Old Orangeburg Road Orangeburg, New York, 10962, United States.
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Salehpour F, Khademi M, Hamblin MR. Photobiomodulation Therapy for Dementia: A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1431-1452. [PMID: 33935090 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red and/or near-infrared light from lasers or LEDs to improve a wide range of medical disorders. Transcranial PBM, sometimes accompanied by intranasal PBM, has been tested to improve many brain disorders, including dementia. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines of pre-clinical and clinical studies reporting the use of PBM, which were considered relevant to dementia. METHODS Literature was searched between 1967 and 2020 using a range of keywords relevant to PBM and dementia. The light source and wavelength(s), output power, irradiance, irradiation time, fluence or total energy (dose), operation mode (continuous or pulsed) irradiation, approach and site, number of treatment sessions, as well as study outcome(s) were extracted. RESULTS Out of 10,473 initial articles, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine articles reported in vitro studies, 17 articles reported studies in animal models of dementia, and 10 studies were conducted in dementia patients. All of the included studies reported positive results. The clinical studies were limited by the small number of patients, lack of placebo controls in some instances, and only a few used objective neuroimaging methods. CONCLUSION The preliminary evidence of clinical benefit, the lack of any adverse effects, and the remarkable ease of use, suggest larger clinical trials should be conducted as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- College for Light Medicine and Photobiomodulation, Starnberg, Germany.,ProNeuroLIGHT LLC, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mahsa Khademi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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Wu T, Chen L, Zhou L, Xu J, Guo K. Platelets transport β-amyloid from the peripheral blood into the brain by destroying the blood-brain barrier to accelerate the process of Alzheimer's disease in mouse models. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7644-7659. [PMID: 33668038 PMCID: PMC7993748 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular aggregation of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide into toxic multimers in the brain is a prominent event occurring in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and a large amount of Aβ in the blood is derived from platelets. Thus, we speculated that platelets may play an important role in the process of AD. We first investigated the changes in platelet Aβ secretion with age. Then, we injected platelets from aged amyloid precursor protein APP/PS1 mice into young C57 mice and assessed their memory capacity along with their brain and peripheral blood Aβ expression levels. The Aβ content in mouse platelets increased with age. Exogenously aged APP/PS1 platelets changed the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in vitro, accelerating Aβ deposition in the brain and increasing the Aβ content in peripheral blood, leading to learning and memory deficits in the recipient mice. Subsequently, aspirin was administered to mice as an inhibitor of platelet activation, which effectively alleviated these toxic processes. Finally, we chose an in vitro blood-brain barrier model to explore the possible cytotoxicity of these platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lizhi Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lingqi Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kaihua Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Wei J, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Li X, Zhou G, Zhao Y, Sun Z, Zhou X. Endosulfan induces cardiotoxicity through apoptosis via unbalance of pro-survival and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138790. [PMID: 32344260 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the associations between endosulfan and adverse cardiovascular health have been reported, the toxic effects and underlying mechanism of endosulfan on the heart are not well understood. In this study, we examined the cardiotoxicity induced by endosulfan using Wistar rats and human cardiomyocytes (AC16) cells. Wistar rats were divided into control group (received corn oil alone) and three concentrations of endosulfan groups (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg·bw) by gavage. The AC16 cells were treated with three various concentrations (0, 1.25, 5, and 20 μg/mL) of endosulfan. The results showed that endosulfan induced cytotoxicity through damaging myocardial structure, decreasing the viability of cardiomyocytes, and elevating the serum levels of cardiac troponin I, heart fatty acid binding protein, aspartate aminotransferase, and reactive oxygen species (p < 0.05). Moreover, measurement of mitochondrial function showed that endosulfan could significantly decrease adenosine triphosphate levels and cytochrome c oxidase IV expression in AC16 cells (p < 0.05). In addition, endosulfan obviously inhibited Bcl-2 expression, activated the expressions of cytochrome c/Caspase-9/Caspase-3 signaling pathway, and induced the apoptosis of AC16 cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, endosulfan significantly increased the expression of Bim, and inhibited the expressions of PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes (p < 0.05). These results suggest that endosulfan may induce cardiotoxicity by inducing myocardial apoptosis resulting from activation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway and inhibition of pro-survival signaling pathways, which might be helpful in elucidating the mechanism of cardiac dysfunction induced by endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianshuang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Zhu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhi Zhao
- Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Peng Y, Gao P, Shi L, Chen L, Liu J, Long J. Central and Peripheral Metabolic Defects Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting Mitochondria for Diagnosis and Prevention. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1188-1236. [PMID: 32050773 PMCID: PMC7196371 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Epidemiological studies indicate that metabolic disorders are associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metabolic remodeling occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, even in the early stages of AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely accepted as a molecular mechanism underlying metabolic disorders. Therefore, focusing on early metabolic changes, especially from the perspective of mitochondria, could be of interest for early AD diagnosis and intervention. Recent Advances: We and others have identified that the levels of several metabolites are fluctuated in the periphery before their accumulation in the CNS, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Mitochondrial remodeling is likely one of the earliest signs of AD, linking nutritional imbalance to cognitive deficits. Notably, by improving mitochondrial function, mitochondrial nutrients efficiently rescue cellular metabolic dysfunction in the CNS and periphery in individuals with AD. Critical Issues: Peripheral metabolic disorders should be intensively explored and evaluated for the early diagnosis of AD. The circulating metabolites derived from mitochondrial remodeling represent novel potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD that are more readily detected than CNS-oriented biomarkers. Moreover, mitochondrial nutrients provide a promising approach to preventing and delaying AD progression. Future Directions: Abnormal mitochondrial metabolism in the CNS and periphery is involved in AD pathogenesis. More clinical studies provide evidence for the suitability and reliability of circulating metabolites and cytokines for the early diagnosis of AD. Targeting mitochondria to rewire cellular metabolism is a promising approach to preventing AD and ameliorating AD-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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McDowell RE, Aulak KS, Almoushref A, Melillo CA, Brauer BE, Newman JE, Tonelli AR, Dweik RA. Platelet glycolytic metabolism correlates with hemodynamic severity in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L562-L569. [PMID: 32022593 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00389.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH), i.e., pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), is associated with a metabolic shift favoring glycolysis in cells comprising the lung vasculature as well as skeletal muscle and right heart. We sought to determine whether this metabolic switch is also detectable in circulating platelets from PAH patients. We used Seahorse Extracellular Flux to measure bioenergetics in platelets isolated from group 1 PH (PAH), group 2 PH, patients with dyspnea and normal pulmonary artery pressures, and healthy controls. We show that platelets from group 1 PH patients exhibit enhanced basal glycolysis and lower glycolytic reserve compared with platelets from healthy controls but do not differ from platelets of group 2 PH or dyspnea patients without PH. Although we were unable to identify a glycolytic phenotype unique to platelets from PAH patients, we found that platelet glycolytic metabolism correlated with hemodynamic severity only in group 1 PH patients, supporting the known link between PAH pathology and altered glycolytic metabolism and extending this association to ex vivo platelets. Pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with group 1 PH were directly associated with basal platelet glycolysis and inversely associated with maximal and reserve glycolysis, suggesting that PAH progression reduces the capacity for glycolysis even while demanding an increase in glycolytic metabolism. Therefore, platelets may provide an easy-to-harvest, real-time window into the metabolic shift occurring in the lung vasculature and represent a useful surrogate for interrogating the glycolytic shift central to PAH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E McDowell
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kulwant S Aulak
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Allaa Almoushref
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Celia A Melillo
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brittany E Brauer
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jennie E Newman
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Adriano R Tonelli
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Raed A Dweik
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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12
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Braganza A, Annarapu GK, Shiva S. Blood-based bioenergetics: An emerging translational and clinical tool. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100835. [PMID: 31864667 PMCID: PMC7031032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies demonstrate that mitochondrial genetics and function are central to determining the susceptibility to, and prognosis of numerous diseases across all organ systems. Despite this recognition, mitochondrial function remains poorly characterized in humans primarily due to the invasiveness of obtaining viable tissue for mitochondrial studies. Recent studies have begun to test the hypothesis that circulating blood cells, which can be obtained by minimally invasive methodology, can be utilized as a biomarker of systemic bioenergetic function in human populations. Here we present the available methodologies for assessing blood cell bioenergetics and review studies that have applied these techniques to healthy and disease populations. We focus on the validation of this methodology in healthy subjects, as well as studies testing whether blood cell bioenergetics are altered in disease, correlate with clinical parameters, and compare with other methodology for assessing human mitochondrial function. Finally, we present the challenges and goals for the development of this emerging approach into a tool for translational research and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Braganza
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gowtham K Annarapu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine (C3M), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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13
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Hill BG, Shiva S, Ballinger S, Zhang J, Darley-Usmar VM. Bioenergetics and translational metabolism: implications for genetics, physiology and precision medicine. Biol Chem 2019; 401:3-29. [PMID: 31815377 PMCID: PMC6944318 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is now becoming clear that human metabolism is extremely plastic and varies substantially between healthy individuals. Understanding the biochemistry that underlies this physiology will enable personalized clinical interventions related to metabolism. Mitochondrial quality control and the detailed mechanisms of mitochondrial energy generation are central to understanding susceptibility to pathologies associated with aging including cancer, cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases. A precision medicine approach is also needed to evaluate the impact of exercise or caloric restriction on health. In this review, we discuss how technical advances in assessing mitochondrial genetics, cellular bioenergetics and metabolomics offer new insights into developing metabolism-based clinical tests and metabolotherapies. We discuss informatics approaches, which can define the bioenergetic-metabolite interactome and how this can help define healthy energetics. We propose that a personalized medicine approach that integrates metabolism and bioenergetics with physiologic parameters is central for understanding the pathophysiology of diseases with a metabolic etiology. New approaches that measure energetics and metabolomics from cells isolated from human blood or tissues can be of diagnostic and prognostic value to precision medicine. This is particularly significant with the development of new metabolotherapies, such as mitochondrial transplantation, which could help treat complex metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford G. Hill
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism & Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15143
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Victor M. Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Platelets are specialized effector cells that rapidly respond to sites of vascular injury. However, emerging data demonstrate that platelets possess diverse functions that also mediate inflammatory responses and neurological diseases. These functions are relevant to disease processes prevalent among older adults and likely influence susceptibility to thrombotic and inflammatory disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Platelet counts decrease in aged individuals whereas platelet reactivity increases. The platelet transcriptome is altered in aged individuals resulting in altered platelet function and exaggerated inflammation. Platelet signaling to monocytes in aging results in significantly more cytokines because of increased platelet-derived granzyme A. Platelet activation in aging appears to be driven, in part, because of increased reactive oxygen species and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Increased platelet hyperactivity in diseases is associated with aging, such cardiovascular disease and sepsis, exaggerate inflammation and thrombosis. Noncanonical functions of platelets influence the development of neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease. SUMMARY Although there have been advances dissecting the molecular mechanisms regarding aging-related changes in platelets, many knowledge gaps still remain. Studies filling these gaps are likely to identify new mechanisms driving aging-related changes in platelet gene expression and function, and contributing to injurious thrombo-inflammation in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Montenont
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Matthew T. Rondina
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132
- George E. Wahlen VAMC Department of Internal Medicine and GRECC, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132
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15
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Fišar Z, Jirák R, Zvěřová M, Setnička V, Habartová L, Hroudová J, Vaníčková Z, Raboch J. Plasma amyloid beta levels and platelet mitochondrial respiration in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Clin Biochem 2019; 72:71-80. [PMID: 30954436 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Altered amyloid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction play key roles in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We asked whether an association exists between disturbed platelet mitochondrial respiration and the plasma concentrations of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in patients with AD. DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations and mitochondrial respiration in intact and permeabilized platelets were measured in 50 patients with AD, 15 patients with vascular dementia and 25 control subjects. A pilot longitudinal study was performed to monitor the progression of AD in a subgroup 11 patients with AD. RESULTS The mean Aβ40, Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40 levels were not significantly altered in patients with AD compared with controls. The mitochondrial respiratory rate in intact platelets was significantly reduced in patients with AD compared to controls, particularly the basal respiratory rate, maximum respiratory capacity, and respiratory reserve; however, the flux control ratio for basal respiration was increased. A correlation between the plasma Aβ42 concentration and mitochondrial respiration in both intact and permeabilized platelets differs in controls and patients with AD. CONCLUSIONS Based on our data, (1) mitochondrial respiration in intact platelets, but not the Aβ level itself, may be included in a panel of biomarkers for AD; (2) dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration in platelets is not explained by changes in plasma Aβ concentrations; and (3) the association between mitochondrial respiration in platelets and plasma Aβ levels differs in patients with AD and controls. The results supported the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction is the primary factor contributing to the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Jirák
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Zvěřová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Habartová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdislava Vaníčková
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
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16
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Il'yasova D, Kinev A, Grégoire R, Beeson CC. A Cell-Based Approach to Study the Associations Between Mitochondrial Health, Early Life Exposures, and Consequent Health Outcomes. Front Public Health 2019; 7:36. [PMID: 30918888 PMCID: PMC6424859 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Il'yasova
- Department of Population Health Science, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Rose Grégoire
- Department of Population Health Science, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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17
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Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-targeted quinone-and hydroquinone-derivatives: Review on new strategy of antiplatelet activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Zhang J, Liu J, Ren L, Wei J, Duan J, Zhang L, Zhou X, Sun Z. PM 2.5 induces male reproductive toxicity via mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and RIPK1 mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:1435-1444. [PMID: 29710643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent years, air pollution has been a serious problem, and PM2.5 is the main air particulate pollutant. Studies have investigated that PM2.5 is a risky factor to the deterioration of semen quality in males. But, the related mechanism is still unclear. To explore the effect of PM2.5, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to PM2.5 (0, 1.8, 5.4 and 16.2mg/kg.bw.) through intratracheal instillation. The exposure was performed once every 3days and continued for 30days. In vitro, GC-2spd cells were treated using 0, 50, 100, 200μg/mL PM2.5 for 24h. The data showed that sperm relative motility rates and density were remarkably decreased, while sperm malformation rates were significantly increased with exposure to the PM2.5. The expression of Fas/FasL/RIPK1/FADD/Caspase-8/Caspase-3 and the level of 8-OHdG expression in testes were significantly increased after exposure to PM2.5. Additionally, in vitro the results showed that PM2.5 inhibited cell viability, increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. And ROS induced-DNA damage led to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phases and proliferation inhibition. Similar to the vivo study, the expressions of Fas/FasL/RIPK1/FADD/Caspase-8/Caspase-3 in GC-2spd cells were significantly increased after exposure to PM2.5 for 24-h. In addition, PM2.5 decreased the levels of ATP by impairing mitochondria structures, which led to energy metabolism obstruction resulted in the decrease of sperm motility. The above three aspects together resulted in the decrease in sperm quantity and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lihua Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiu Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lefeng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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19
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Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and the correlation with human diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1213-1223. [PMID: 29054925 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The platelet is considered as an accessible and valuable tool to study mitochondrial function, owing to its greater content of fully functional mitochondria compared with other metabolically active organelles. Different lines of studies have demonstrated that mitochondria in platelets have function far more than thrombogenesis regulation, and beyond hemostasis, platelet mitochondrial dysfunction has also been used for studying mitochondrial-related diseases. In this review, the interplay between platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA lesions, electron transfer chain impairments, mitochondrial apoptosis and mitophagy has been outlined. Meanwhile, considerable efforts have been made towards understanding the role of platelet mitochondrial dysfunction in human diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, sepsis and neurodegenerative disorders. Alongside this, we have also articulated our perspectives on the development of potential biomarkers of platelet mitochondrial dysfunction in mitochondrial-related diseases.
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20
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Blood-Based Bioenergetic Profiling Reflects Differences in Brain Bioenergetics and Metabolism. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7317251. [PMID: 29098063 PMCID: PMC5643153 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7317251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Blood-based bioenergetic profiling provides a minimally invasive assessment of mitochondrial health shown to be related to key features of aging. Previous studies show that blood cells recapitulate mitochondrial alterations in the central nervous system under pathological conditions, including the development of Alzheimer's disease. In this study of nonhuman primates, we focus on mitochondrial function and bioenergetic capacity assessed by the respirometric profiling of monocytes, platelets, and frontal cortex mitochondria. Our data indicate that differences in the maximal respiratory capacity of brain mitochondria are reflected by CD14+ monocyte maximal respiratory capacity and platelet and monocyte bioenergetic health index. A subset of nonhuman primates also underwent [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging to assess brain glucose metabolism. Our results indicate that platelet respiratory capacity positively correlates to measures of glucose metabolism in multiple brain regions. Altogether, the results of this study provide early evidence that blood-based bioenergetic profiling is related to brain mitochondrial metabolism. While these measures cannot substitute for direct measures of brain metabolism, provided by measures such as FDG-PET, they may have utility as a metabolic biomarker and screening tool to identify individuals exhibiting systemic bioenergetic decline who may therefore be at risk for the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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21
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Molina AJA. Blood-based bioenergetic profiling: A readout of systemic bioenergetic capacity that is related to differences in body composition. Redox Biol 2017; 13:418-420. [PMID: 28688322 PMCID: PMC5499103 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J A Molina
- J. Paul Sticht Center on Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States.
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22
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Tyrrell DJ, Bharadwaj MS, Jorgensen MJ, Register TC, Molina AJA. Blood cell respirometry is associated with skeletal and cardiac muscle bioenergetics: Implications for a minimally invasive biomarker of mitochondrial health. Redox Biol 2016; 10:65-77. [PMID: 27693859 PMCID: PMC5045569 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood based bioenergetic profiling strategies are emerging as potential reporters of systemic mitochondrial function; however, the extent to which these measures reflect the bioenergetic capacity of other tissues is not known. The premise of this work is that highly metabolically active tissues, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle, are susceptible to differences in systemic bioenergetic capacity. Therefore, we tested whether the respiratory capacity of blood cells, monocytes and platelets, are related to contemporaneous respirometric assessments of skeletal and cardiac muscle mitochondria. 18 female vervet/African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) of varying age and metabolic status were examined for this study. Monocyte and platelet maximal capacity correlated with maximal oxidative phosphorylation capacity of permeabilized skeletal muscle (R=0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.97; R=0.51, 95%CI: 0.05-0.81; respectively), isolated skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR; R=0.70, 95%CI: 0.35-0.89; R=0.64, 95%CI: 0.23-0.98; respectively), and isolated cardiac muscle mitochondrial RCR (R=0.55, 95%CI: 0.22-0.86; R=0.58, 95%CI: 0.22-0.85; respectively). These results suggest that blood based bioenergetic profiling may be used to report on the bioenergetic capacity of muscle tissues. Blood cell respirometry represents an attractive alternative to tissue based assessments of mitochondrial function in human studies based on ease of access and the minimal participant burden required by these measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tyrrell
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Manish S Bharadwaj
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony J A Molina
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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23
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Khan N. Recent advancements in diagnostic tools in mitochondrial energy metabolism diseases. Adv Med Sci 2016; 61:244-248. [PMID: 26998934 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of mitochondrial energy metabolism in human disease ranges from rare monogenic disease to common diseases and aging with a genetic and/or lifestyle/environmental cause. This wide ranging involvement is due to the central role played by mitochondrion in cellular metabolism, its role in cellular perception of threats and its role in effecting responses to these threats. Investigating mitochondrial function/dysfunction or mitochondria-associated cell-biological responses have thus become a common finding where the pathogenic processes are investigated. Although, such investigations are warranted, it is not always clear if mitochondria can indeed be associated with cause or merely playing a responsive role in disease pathology. As this key question is also essential to disease progression and therapy, it should be recognized in investigative design. We herewith, present an overview of the current approaches and technologies used and the practicalities around these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naazneen Khan
- Centre for Human Metabonomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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24
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Vevera J, Fišar Z, Nekovářová T, Vrablík M, Zlatohlávek L, Hroudová J, Singh N, Raboch J, Valeš K. Statin-induced changes in mitochondrial respiration in blood platelets in rats and human with dyslipidemia. Physiol Res 2016; 65:777-788. [PMID: 27429121 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are widely used drugs for lowering blood lipid levels and preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, statins can have serious adverse effects, which may be related to development of mitochondrial dysfunctions. The aim of study was to demonstrate the in vivo effect of high and therapeutic doses of statins on mitochondrial respiration in blood platelets. Model approach was used in the study. Simvastatin was administered to rats at a high dose for 4 weeks. Humans were treated with therapeutic doses of rosuvastatin or atorvastatin for 6 weeks. Platelet mitochondrial respiration was measured using high-resolution respirometry. In rats, a significantly lower physiological respiratory rate was found in intact platelets of simvastatin-treated rats compared to controls. In humans, no significant changes in mitochondrial respiration were detected in intact platelets; however, decreased complex I-linked respiration was observed after statin treatment in permeabilized platelets. We propose that the small in vivo effect of statins on platelet energy metabolism can be attributed to drug effects on complex I of the electron transport system. Both intact and permeabilized platelets can be used as a readily available biological model to study changes in cellular energy metabolism in patients treated with statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vevera
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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25
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Xu Y, Wang N, Shi ZX, Li YB, Zhou XQ, Sun ZW. In vitro mechanistic study of endosulfan-induced spermatogenic cell apoptosis in the mouse. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32:1550-63. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233714567525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanisms of endosulfan-induced reproductive toxicity, the spermatogenic cell lines (GC-1 spg) of mice were treated with 0, 6, 12, and 24 μg/ml endosulfan for 24 h in vitro. The results showed that endosulfan induced apoptosis as well as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species and damage of mitochondrial structure were considered as major factors to GC-1 spg cells apoptosis. We further examined the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in mitochondria pathway by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis as well as activities. The results showed that endosulfan significantly improved the expressions of cytochrome c and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein and increased the activities of caspases 9 and 3 as well as the downregulation of the expression of Bcl-2 in GC-1 spg cells. The results suggested that exposure to endosulfan might induce the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells via mitochondria-dependent pathway mediated by oxidative stress resulting in the damage of mitochondrial structure and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Shi
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bo Li
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Qing Zhou
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Sun
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Banerjee S, Poddar MK. Can Carnosine Prevent the Aging-Induced Changes of Blood Platelet and Brain Regional Monoamine Oxidase-A mRNA in Relation to its Activity? Int J Pept Res Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-016-9527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Wang N, Xu Y, Zhou XQ, Wu YH, Li SL, Qiao X, Li YB, Sun ZW. Protective effects of testosterone propionate on reproductive toxicity caused by Endosulfan in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:142-153. [PMID: 25077688 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the protective effect of testosterone propionate (TP) on reproductive toxicity caused by endosulfan in male mice, three group experiments were designed: the control group received 0 and 0, the endosulfan group received 0.8 and 0, and the endosulfan + TP group received 0.8 mg/kg/d endosulfan and 10 mg/kg/d TP, respectively. The results showed that TP significantly prevented the declines of concentration and motility rates in sperm, reduced the rate of sperm abnormalities in epididymis; and antagonized the decreases in spermatogenous cell and sperm numbers in testes induced by endosulfan. TP also decreased the numbers of cavities formed, prevented the decreases of plasma testosterone and androgen receptor (AR) mRNA in testicular tissue, alleviated the increase of LH induced by endosulfan. It is likely that TP relieve the reproductive toxicity by reversing the endosulfan-induced decreases in testosterone secretion and AR expression that resulted from the alteration of Leydig cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xian-Qing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Sheng-Li Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan-Bo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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Mitochondrial Alterations in Peripheral Mononuclear Blood Cells from Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5923938. [PMID: 26881032 PMCID: PMC4736772 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5923938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, evidences of mitochondrial defects in AD peripheral cells are still inconclusive. Here, some mitochondrial-encoded and nuclear-encoded proteins, involved in maintaining the correct mitochondria machine, were investigated in terms of protein expression and enzymatic activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from AD and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients and healthy subjects. In addition mitochondrial DNA copy number was measured by real time PCR. We found some differences and some similarities between AD and MCI patients when compared with healthy subjects. For example, cytochrome C and cytochrome B were decreased in AD, while MCI showed only a statistical reduction of cytochrome C. On the other hand, both AD and MCI blood cells exhibited highly nitrated MnSOD, index of a prooxidant environment inside the mitochondria. TFAM, a regulator of mitochondrial genome replication and transcription, was decreased in both AD and MCI patients' blood cells. Moreover also the mitochondrial DNA amount was reduced in PBMCs from both patient groups. In conclusion these data confirmed peripheral mitochondria impairment in AD and demonstrated that TFAM and mtDNA amount reduction could be two features of early events occurring in AD pathogenesis.
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Banerjee S, Poddar MK. Carnosine: effect on aging-induced increase in brain regional monoamine oxidase-A activity. Neurosci Res 2014; 92:62-70. [PMID: 25450310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process associated with several neurological disorders along with the biochemical changes in brain. Aim of the present investigation is to study the effect of carnosine (0.5-2.5μg/kg/day, i.t. for 21 consecutive days) on aging-induced changes in brain regional (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and pons-medulla) mitochondrial monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) activity with its kinetic parameters. The results of the present study are: (1) The brain regional mitochondrial MAO-A activity and their kinetic parameters (except in Km of pons-medulla) were significantly increased with the increase of age (4-24 months), (2) Aging-induced increase of brain regional MAO-A activity including its Vmax were attenuated with higher dosages of carnosine (1.0-2.5μg/kg/day) and restored toward the activity that observed in young, though its lower dosage (0.5μg/kg/day) were ineffective in these brain regional MAO-A activity, (3) Carnosine at higher dosage in young rats, unlike aged rats significantly inhibited all the brain regional MAO-A activity by reducing their only Vmax excepting cerebral cortex, where Km was also significantly enhanced. These results suggest that carnosine attenuated the aging-induced increase of brain regional MAO-A activity by attenuating its kinetic parameters and restored toward the results of MAO-A activity that observed in corresponding brain regions of young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyabrata Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Mrinal K Poddar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata 700 019, India.
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Xu Y, Wang N, Yu Y, Li Y, Li YB, Yu YB, Zhou XQ, Sun ZW. Exposure to silica nanoparticles causes reversible damage of the spermatogenic process in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101572. [PMID: 25003337 PMCID: PMC4086902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposure to nanomaterials is inevitable, as nanomaterials have become part of our daily life now. In this study, we firstly investigated the effects of silica nanoparticles on the spermatogenic process according to their time course in male mice. 48 male mice were randomly divided into control group and silica nanoparticle group with 24 mice per group, with three evaluation time points (15, 35 and 60 days after the first dose) per group. Mice were exposed to the vehicle control and silica nanoparticles at a dosage of 20 mg/kg every 3 days, five times over a 13-day period, and were sacrificed at 15, 35 and 60 days after the first dose. The results showed that silica nanoparticles caused damage to the mitochondrial cristae and decreased the levels of ATP, resulting in oxidative stress in the testis by days 15 and 35; however, the damage was repaired by day 60. DNA damage and the decreases in the quantity and quality of epididymal sperm were found by days 15 and 35; but these changes were recovered by day 60. In contrast, the acrosome integrity and fertility in epididymal sperm, the numbers of spermatogonia and sperm in the testes, and the levels of three major sex hormones were not significantly affected throughout the 60-day period. The results suggest that nanoparticles can cause reversible damage to the sperms in the epididymis without affecting fertility, they are more sensitive than both spermatogonia and spermatocytes to silica nanoparticle toxicity. Considering the spermatogenesis time course, silica nanoparticles primarily influence the maturation process of sperm in the epididymis by causing oxidative stress and damage to the mitochondrial structure, resulting in energy metabolism dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Bo Li
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Bo Yu
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Qing Zhou
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XQZ); (ZWS)
| | - Zhi-Wei Sun
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XQZ); (ZWS)
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Veitinger M, Varga B, Guterres SB, Zellner M. Platelets, a reliable source for peripheral Alzheimer's disease biomarkers? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:65. [PMID: 24934666 PMCID: PMC4229876 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral biomarkers play an indispensable role in quick and reliable diagnoses of any kind of disease. With the population ageing, the number of people suffering from age-related diseases is expected to rise dramatically over the coming decades. In particular, all types of cognitive deficits, such as Alzheimer's disease, will increase. Alzheimer's disease is characterised mainly by coexistence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain. Reliable identification of such molecular characteristics antemortem, however, is problematic due to restricted availability of appropriate sample material and definitive diagnosis is only possible postmortem. Currently, the best molecular biomarkers available for antemortem diagnosis originate from cerebrospinal fluid. Though, this is not convenient for routine diagnosis because of the required invasive lumbar puncture. As a consequence, there is a growing demand for additional peripheral biomarkers in a more readily accessible sample material. Blood platelets, due to shared biochemical properties with neurons, can constitute an attractive alternative as discussed here. This review summarises potential platelet Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, their role, implication, and alteration in the disease. For easy comparison of their performance, the Hedge effect size was calculated whenever data were available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Veitinger
- />Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, EU, Austria
| | - Balazs Varga
- />Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, EU, Austria
| | - Sheila B Guterres
- />Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, EU, Austria
- />Institute of Chemistry at São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Zellner
- />Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, EU, Austria
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Kramer PA, Chacko BK, Ravi S, Johnson MS, Mitchell T, Darley-Usmar VM. Bioenergetics and the oxidative burst: protocols for the isolation and evaluation of human leukocytes and platelets. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24747339 PMCID: PMC4089433 DOI: 10.3791/51301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to play a significant role in a number of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, septic shock, and neurodegenerative diseases but assessing changes in bioenergetic function in patients is challenging. Although diseases such as diabetes or atherosclerosis present clinically with specific organ impairment, the systemic components of the pathology, such as hyperglycemia or inflammation, can alter bioenergetic function in circulating leukocytes or platelets. This concept has been recognized for some time but its widespread application has been constrained by the large number of primary cells needed for bioenergetic analysis. This technical limitation has been overcome by combining the specificity of the magnetic bead isolation techniques, cell adhesion techniques, which allow cells to be attached without activation to microplates, and the sensitivity of new technologies designed for high throughput microplate respirometry. An example of this equipment is the extracellular flux analyzer. Such instrumentation typically uses oxygen and pH sensitive probes to measure rates of change in these parameters in adherent cells, which can then be related to metabolism. Here we detail the methods for the isolation and plating of monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets, without activation, from human blood and the analysis of mitochondrial bioenergetic function in these cells. In addition, we demonstrate how the oxidative burst in monocytes and neutrophils can also be measured in the same samples. Since these methods use only 8-20 ml human blood they have potential for monitoring reactive oxygen species generation and bioenergetics in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Kramer
- UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Balu K Chacko
- UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Saranya Ravi
- UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Tanecia Mitchell
- UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham;
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33
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Kramer PA, Ravi S, Chacko B, Johnson MS, Darley-Usmar VM. A review of the mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism in human platelets and leukocytes: implications for their use as bioenergetic biomarkers. Redox Biol 2014; 2:206-10. [PMID: 24494194 PMCID: PMC3909784 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of metabolic function in cells isolated from human blood for treatment and diagnosis of disease is a new and important area of translational research. It is now becoming clear that a broad range of pathologies which present clinically with symptoms predominantly in one organ, such as the brain or kidney, also modulate mitochondrial energetics in platelets and leukocytes allowing these cells to serve as “the canary in the coal mine” for bioenergetic dysfunction. This opens up the possibility that circulating platelets and leukocytes can sense metabolic stress in patients and serve as biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in human pathologies such as diabetes, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease. In this overview we will describe how the utilization of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation differs in platelets and leukocytes and discuss how they can be used in patient populations. Since it is clear that the metabolic programs between leukocytes and platelets are fundamentally distinct the measurement of mitochondrial function in distinct cell populations is necessary for translational research. Monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets have distinct bioenergetic programs that regulate energy production. Platelets and monocytes exhibit a high level of aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Lymphocytes have a low glycolytic capacity while neutrophils have little or no detectable oxidative phosphorylation. The levels of mitochondrial complex IV and III subunits differ substantially between lymphocytes, monocytes and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Kramer
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Saranya Ravi
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Balu Chacko
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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34
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Increase in nitric oxide levels and mitochondrial membrane potential in platelets of untreated patients with major depression. Psychiatry Res 2013; 209:447-52. [PMID: 23357685 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in platelet activity have been associated with the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) and with ischemic cardiovascular events through mechanisms that remain unknown. The present study evaluated nitric oxide (NO) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (PMMP), and P-selectin expression in platelets from 30 untreated MDD patients and 30 matched controls by flow cytometry. In addition, tryptophan and serotonin concentrations were measured in the whole blood by high performance liquid chromatography. Patients were assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The patients had not had antidepressant treatment or any other pharmacological interventions for at least 1 year. MDD patients significantly differed from controls in levels of major fluorescent platelets for NO, PMMP, and P-selectin compared with those observed in control subjects. Serotonin concentrations in MDD patients did not differ from those in controls These results demonstrate that untreated MDD patients show increased platelet activation, suggesting an alteration in the platelet function.
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35
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Banerjee S, Poddar MK. Platelet monoamine oxidase-A activity and aging: effect of carnosine. J Physiol Sci 2013; 63:279-85. [PMID: 23657886 PMCID: PMC10717806 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelet mitochondrial MAO-A activity of male albino rats (Wistar strain) was significantly inhibited with an inhibition of its only V max during aging. This age-induced inhibition of platelet MAO-A activity became reversed following the application of higher dosages (2.0-2.5 μg/kg/day, i.t. for 21 consecutive days) of carnosine. Though carnosine at lower dosage (0.5 μg/kg/day, i.t. for 21 consecutive days) was ineffective to platelet mitochondrial MAO-A activity in both young and aged rats, at higher dosages (2.0-2.5 μg/kg/day, i.t. for 21 consecutive days) under similar condition this enzyme activity was significantly enhanced. Carnosine at 1.0 μg/kg/day, i.t. for 21 consecutive days significantly enhanced MAO-A activity only in aged (18 and 24 months) rats. These results suggest that carnosine withdraws the aging-induced inhibition of mammalian blood platelet MAO-A activity and restores its activity towards that (MAO-A activity) observed in young mammalian blood platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 019 India
| | - M. K. Poddar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 019 India
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36
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Chacko BK, Kramer PA, Ravi S, Johnson MS, Hardy RW, Ballinger SW, Darley-Usmar VM. Methods for defining distinct bioenergetic profiles in platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, and the oxidative burst from human blood. J Transl Med 2013; 93:690-700. [PMID: 23528848 PMCID: PMC3674307 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and platelets have long been recognized as having the potential to act as sensitive markers for mitochondrial dysfunction in a broad range of pathological conditions. However, the bioenergetic function of these cells has not been examined from the same donors, yet this is important for the selection of cell types for translational studies. Here, we demonstrate the measurement of cellular bioenergetics in isolated human monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, including the oxidative burst from neutrophils and monocytes from individual donors. With the exception of neutrophils, all cell types tested exhibited oxygen consumption that could be ascribed to oxidative phosphorylation with each having a distinct bioenergetic profile and distribution of respiratory chain proteins. In marked contrast, neutrophils were essentially unresponsive to mitochondrial respiratory inhibitors indicating that they have a minimal requirement for oxidative phosphorylation. In monocytes and neutrophils, we demonstrate the stimulation of the oxidative burst using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and its validation in normal human subjects. Taken together, these data suggest that selection of cell type from blood cells is critical for assessing bioenergetic dysfunction and redox biology in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu K Chacko
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Philip A Kramer
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Saranya Ravi
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert W Hardy
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Biomedical Research Building II, 901 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. E-mail:
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37
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Wang N, Qian HY, Zhou XQ, Li YB, Sun ZW. Mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction involved in reproductive toxicity of mice caused by endosulfan and protective effects of vitamin E. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 82:96-103. [PMID: 22705290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was designed to study the mechanism of reproductive toxicity caused by endosulfan in mice and protective effects of vitamin E. The experiment was composed of three groups: the control group did not receive any endosulfan and vitamin E; the endosulfan exposed group received 0.8 mg/kg/d endosulfan and 0mg/kg/d vitamin E; and the endosulfan+vitamin E group received 0.8 mg/kg/d endosulfan and 100mg/kg/d vitamin E. The results showed that vitamin E significantly reversed the decline of the concentration and motility rate of sperm, and inhibited the increase of sperm abnormality rate caused by endosulfan. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and lactate dehydrogenase-C4 (LDH-C4) and the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the endosulfan+vitamin E group were higher while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower than those of the endosulfan exposed group. The results from pathology and electron microscope observed showed vitamin E decreased the cavities formation by desquamating of spermatogenic cells, stopped the ruptures and disappearances of mitochondrial cristaes in spermatogenic cells, and prevented the breakages and partial dissolvings of sperm tails induced by endosulfan. It is likely that endosulfan could directly damage sperm structures by oxidative stress, leading to a decrease in sperm quantity and quality. It also could indirectly cause a decline in reproductive function by damaging the structure of mitochondria, resulting in energy metabolism dysfunction, which could be one of the mechanisms behind the reproductive toxicity induced by endosulfan. It was inferred that vitamin E helps maintain the structural integrities of sperm architecture and prevent mitochondrial dysfunction through inhibiting oxidative stress, and thereby prevent the reproductive dysfunctions caused by endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
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38
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González-Trujano ME, Alvarado-Vásquez N, Mendoza-Sotelo J, López G, Estrada-Camarena E, Martínez-Mota L, Moreno J. Alterations on the morphology, nitric oxide synthesis and activity of platelets reproduced in rats as possible biomarkers for depression are reversed by fluoxetine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102:349-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Leuner K, Schulz K, Schütt T, Pantel J, Prvulovic D, Rhein V, Savaskan E, Czech C, Eckert A, Müller WE. Peripheral mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: focus on lymphocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:194-204. [PMID: 22821186 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease. Today, AD affects millions of people worldwide and the number of AD cases will increase with increased life expectancy. The AD brain is marked by severe neurodegeneration like the loss of synapses and neurons, atrophy and depletion of neurotransmitter systems in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Recent findings suggest that these pathological changes are causally induced by mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. These changes are not only observed in the brain of AD patients but also in the periphery. In this review, we discuss the potential role of elevated apoptosis, increased oxidative stress and especially mitochondrial dysfunction as peripheral markers for the detection of AD in blood cells especially in lymphocytes. We discuss recent not otherwise published findings on the level of complex activities of the respiratory chain comprising mitochondrial respiration and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). We obtained decreased basal MMP levels in lymphocytes from AD patients as well as enhanced sensitivity to different complex inhibitors of the respiratory chain. These changes are in line with mitochondrial defects obtained in AD cell and animal models, and in post-mortem AD tissue. Importantly, these mitochondrial alterations where not only found in AD patients but also in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). These new findings point to a relevance of mitochondrial function as an early peripheral marker for the detection of AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Leuner
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacy, Erlangen University, Erlangen, Germany
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40
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Silva DF, Selfridge JE, Lu J, Lezi E, Cardoso SM, Swerdlow RH. Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease: possible targets for therapeutic intervention. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2012; 64:83-126. [PMID: 22840745 PMCID: PMC3625400 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394816-8.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria from persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) differ from those of age-matched control subjects. Differences in mitochondrial morphology and function are well documented, and are not brain-limited. Some of these differences are present during all stages of AD, and are even seen in individuals who are without AD symptoms and signs but who have an increased risk of developing AD. This chapter considers the status of mitochondria in AD subjects, the potential basis for AD subject mitochondrial perturbations, and the implications of these perturbations. Data from multiple lines of investigation, including epidemiologic, biochemical, molecular, and cytoplasmic hybrid studies, are reviewed. The possibility that mitochondria could potentially constitute a reasonable AD therapeutic target is discussed, as are several potential mitochondrial medicine treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana F. Silva
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Portugal
| | - J. Eva Selfridge
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
| | - Jianghua Lu
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
| | - E Lezi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
| | - Sandra M. Cardoso
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Portugal
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas USA
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Järemo P, Milovanovic M, Buller C, Nilsson S, Winblad B. Low-density platelet populations demonstrate lowin vivoactivity in sporadic Alzheimer disease. Platelets 2011; 23:116-20. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2011.593654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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42
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β-sitosterol inhibits high cholesterol-induced platelet β-amyloid release. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2011; 43:691-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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43
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Shen Y, Zhang Q, Gao X, Ding F. An active fraction of Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides prevents apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in SH-SY5Y cells through activation of PI3K/Akt/Gsk3β pathways. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:2186-94. [PMID: 21735136 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Achyranthes bidentata Blume is a commonly prescribed Chinese medicinal herb. Our previous studies have proved the neuroprotective function of Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides (ABPP), a major constituent from aqueous extracts of the herb. Now we have separated an active fraction, referred to as ABPP-E4, from ABPP by HPLC methods. This study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic potential of ABPP-E4. Assessments of cell viability and apoptosis indicated that ABPP-E4 pretreatment, in a concentration-dependent manner, antagonized the cell viability loss and cell apoptosis of cultured SH-SY5Y cells deprived of serum. ABPP-E4 pretreatment also resulted in increase of Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibition of caspase-3 activation in the cells on exposure to serum deprivation. Signaling pathway analysis indicated that ABPP-E4 treatment stimulated the activation of Akt/Gsk3β signaling in cultured SH-SY5Y cells, and anti-apoptotic effects of ABPP-E4 could be blocked by chemical inhibition of PI3K. Taken together, all the results suggest that ABPP-E4 might exert protective effects against serum deprivation-induced neuronal apoptosis through modulation of PI3K/Akt/Gsk3β pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, JS, People's Republic of China
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Shrivastava M, Das TK, Behari M, Pati U, Vivekanandhan S. Ultrastructural variations in platelets and platelet mitochondria: a novel feature in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ultrastruct Pathol 2011; 35:52-9. [PMID: 21299344 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2010.541985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are characterized as a systemic tool to elucidate mitochondria-allied perturbance in neurological diseases. The authors studied ultrastructural changes in platelets and platelet mitochondria using a case-control approach in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Subjects were sporadic ALS cases (n = 22) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 16). Phlebotomy was performed, platelet concentrates (PCs) were prepared, and mitochondria were extracted. PCs and mitochondria were processed for ultrastructure study using transmission electron microscopy. Image analysis was done using Image-J. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated both qualitative and quantitative variations in ALS platelets and platelet mitochondria. Heterogeneous distribution of granules, formation of vacuoles, blebs, pseudopodia, loose demarcation of cell membrane with a significant increase in area (20.3%), perimeter (17.82%), integrated density (21.44%), electron-lucent granules (41.79%), and vacuoles (36.58%) were observed in ALS platelets. Conversely, control platelets exhibited an increase of circularity (11.7%) and electron-dense granules (36.89%). In parallel, nonuniformity of matrix, faint cristae, greater lysosomal bodies, and lesser intramitochondrial granules were seen in ALS platelet mitochondria. Significantly greater area (26.88%), perimeter (15%), circularity (3.76%), and integrated density (25.18%) were observed in control platelet mitochondria. Ultastructural divergence in platelets of ALS patients underlines a potential dependence of platelets on modest mitochondrial functioning. These observations also support the view that systemic involvement might be a novel feature in ALS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohita Shrivastava
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Prodan CI, Ross ED, Stoner JA, Cowan LD, Vincent AS, Dale GL. Coated-platelet levels and progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011; 76:247-52. [PMID: 21242492 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182074bd2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coated-platelets are a subset of platelets produced by dual-agonist activation with collagen and thrombin. These platelets retain full-length amyloid precursor protein on their surface, are elevated in patients with amnestic as compared to nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and correlate with disease progression in Alzheimer disease (AD). Prompted by these findings, we investigated the association between coated-platelet production in amnestic MCI and rate of progression to AD. METHODS Coated-platelet levels were assayed in 74 patients with amnestic MCI who were subsequently followed longitudinally for up to 36 months in an outpatient dementia clinic. Levels are reported as percent of cells converted into coated-platelets. Subjects were categorized into tertiles of coated-platelet levels. The distributions of time to progression to AD were estimated for each tertile using cumulative incidence curves and compared statistically using a log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS The 24-month cumulative incidence of progression to AD was different among tertiles: 4% for the first tertile (lowest coated-platelet levels), 13% for the second tertile, and 37% for the third tertile (overall log-rank test, p = 0.02). The hazard rate of progression to AD for patients in the highest coated-platelet tertile was 5.1 times that for patients in the lowest tertile (p = 0.04), whereas the hazard rate for the middle tertile was similar to that for the lowest tertile (hazard rate ratio = 1.5, p = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS Elevated coated-platelet levels in patients with amnestic MCI are associated with increased risk for progression to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Prodan
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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46
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Shi C, Xiao S, Liu J, Guo K, Wu F, Yew DT, Xu J. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 protects against aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets and hippocampi of SAMP8 mice. Platelets 2010; 21:373-9. [PMID: 20459350 DOI: 10.3109/09537100903511448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Standardized Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb761, has been shown to possess polyvalent properties, such as anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation. Recently, it has also been proposed to have direct protective effects on mitochondria. The effects of EGb761 make it a potential anti-aging drug. Despite that, the 'anti-aging' effect of EGb761, particularly its effect on the central nervous system, is still inconclusive. Using two age groups (3-week-old and 40-week-old) of SAMP8 mice (a senescence-accelerated strain of mice), the effects of EGb761 on mitochondrial function in platelets and hippocampi were investigated in this study. It was found that mitochondrial functions, evaluated as cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, mitochondrial ATP (adenosine-5'-triphosphate) content and mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) content, decreased with age. EGb761 protected against mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets of young and old mice, suggesting a peripheral effect of this herb in the prevention and treatment of age-associated degeneration. In contrast, in hippocampi, protective effects of EGb761 were observed only in the old mice, probably due to an age-associated increase in the permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, while EGb761 has a potential anti-aging effect, its central effect can be affected by in vivo factors such as the BBB permeability. A better understanding of the in vivo pharmacological actions of EGb761 may contribute to a better understanding of the effectiveness and complexity of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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47
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Bilobalide prevents apoptosis through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Apoptosis 2010; 15:715-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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48
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Shi C, Fang L, Yew DT, Yao Z, Xu J. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 protects against mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets and hippocampi in ovariectomized rats. Platelets 2010; 21:53-9. [PMID: 19938886 DOI: 10.3109/09537100903395180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Using ovariectomized middle-aged rats to mimic the post-menopausal pathophysiological changes in women, we have previously demonstrated that estrogen withdrawal and age-related decrease in the functional reserve of mitochondria might co-operate to induce persistent mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be critical in inducing degenerative processes in the brain later in post-menopausal women. The standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 has long been considered a natural antioxidant. More recently it has also proposed to have direct protective effects on the mitochondria. In this work, effects of EGb761 on mitochondrial function in platelets and hippocampi of ovariectomized and sham-operated rats were investigated. It was found that EGb761 protected against the decrease of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, mitochondrial ATP (adenosine-5'-triphosphate) content and mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) content in both platelets and hippocampi of ovariectomized rats, suggesting its peripheral and central effects against estrogen withdrawal-induced degeneration. In contrast, in sham-operated rats, EGb761 increased mitochondrial GSH content in platelets but failed to show similar effect on hippocampi, suggesting that EGb761 may help to enhance the functional reserve of mitochondria, but this effect was limited to the outside of the central nervous system. EGb761 displayed similar effects on platelets and hippocampi of ovariectomized rats but showed differential effects on platelets and hippocampi of sham-operated rats, possibly because estrogen withdrawal induced an increase of blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Therefore, while EGb761's effect may be limited to the outside of the nervous system under normal physiological conditions, EGb761 may be a potential protective agent against central neurodegeneration in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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49
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Roher AE, Esh CL, Kokjohn TA, Castaño EM, Van Vickle GD, Kalback WM, Patton RL, Luehrs DC, Daugs ID, Kuo YM, Emmerling MR, Soares H, Quinn JF, Kaye J, Connor DJ, Silverberg NB, Adler CH, Seward JD, Beach TG, Sabbagh MN. Amyloid beta peptides in human plasma and tissues and their significance for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2009; 5:18-29. [PMID: 19118806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the amounts of amyloid beta (Abeta)) peptides in the central nervous system (CNS) and in reservoirs outside the CNS and their potential impact on Abeta plasma levels and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. METHODS Amyloid beta levels were measured in (1) the plasma of AD and nondemented (ND) controls in a longitudinal study, (2) the plasma of a cohort of AD patients receiving a cholinesterase inhibitor, and (3) the skeletal muscle, liver, aorta, platelets, leptomeningeal arteries, and in gray and white matter of AD and ND control subjects. RESULTS Plasma Abeta levels fluctuated over time and among individuals, suggesting continuous contributions from brain and peripheral tissues and associations with reactive circulating proteins. Arteries with atherosclerosis had larger amounts of Abeta40 than disease-free vessels. Inactivated platelets contained more Abeta peptides than activated ones. Substantially more Abeta was present in liver samples from ND patients. Overall, AD brain and skeletal muscle contained increased levels of Abeta. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to use plasma levels of Abeta peptides as AD biomarkers or disease-staging scales have failed. Peripheral tissues might contribute to both the circulating amyloid pool and AD pathology within the brain and its vasculature. The wide spread of plasma Abeta values is also due in part to the ability of Abeta to bind to a variety of plasma and membrane proteins. Sources outside the CNS must be accounted for because pharmacologic interventions to reduce cerebral amyloid are assessed by monitoring Abeta plasma levels. Furthermore, the long-range impact of Abeta immunotherapy on peripheral Abeta sources should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Roher
- The Longtine Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
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