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Zhang H, Muhetarijiang M, Chen RJ, Hu X, Han J, Zheng L, Chen T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Roadmap for Understanding and Tackling Cardiovascular Aging. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0058. [PMID: 38739929 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging is a progressive remodeling process constituting a variety of cellular and molecular alterations that are closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of the changes in mitochondrial function during cardiovascular aging is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac aging is accompanied by fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, metabolic changes, and infiltration of immune cells, collectively contributing to the overall remodeling of the heart. Similarly, during vascular aging, there is a profound remodeling of blood vessel structure. These remodeling present damage to endothelial cells, increased vascular stiffness, impaired formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), the development of arteriosclerosis, and chronic vascular inflammation. This review underscores the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging, exploring its impact on fibrosis and myocardial alterations, metabolic remodeling, immune response remodeling, as well as in vascular aging in the heart. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of mitochondria-targeted therapies in preventing cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mairedan Muhetarijiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ryan J Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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2
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Prem PN, Chellappan DR, Kurian GA. High-fat diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with loss of protection from ischemic preconditioning in renal ischemia reperfusion. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:637-653. [PMID: 36867229 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and the latter act as a critical factor in determining the severity of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in different cell types. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a well-known protocol that render IR protection in kidney works via mitochondria. In the present study, we evaluated how HFD kidney with underlying mitochondrial changes respond to precondition protocol after IR induction. Wistar male rats were used in this study and were divided into two groups: SD (standard diet; n = 18) and HFD (high-fat diet; n = 18), which were further subdivided into sham, ischemia-reperfusion, and precondition groups at the end of the dietary regimen. Blood biochemistry, renal injury marker, creatinine clearance (CrCl), mitochondrial quality (fission, fusion, and phagy), mitochondrial function via ETC enzyme activities and respiration, and signalling pathway were analysed. Sixteen weeks of HFD administration to the rat deteriorated the renal mitochondrial health measured via 10% decline in mitochondrial respiration index ADP/O (in GM), reduced mitochondrial copy number (55%), biogenesis (56%), low bioenergetics potential (19% complex I + III and 15% complex II + III), increased oxidative stress, and reduced expression of mitochondrial fusion genes compared with SD rats. IR procedure in HFD rat kidney inflicted significant mitochondrial dysfunction and further deteriorated copy number along with impaired mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics. IPC could effectively ameliorate the renal ischemia injury in normal rat but failed to provide similar kind of protection in HFD rat kidney. Even though the IR-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in both normal and HFD rats were similar, the magnitude of overall dysfunction and corresponding renal injury and compromised physiology was high in HFD rats. This observation was further confirmed via in vitro protein translation assay in isolated mitochondria from normal and HFD rat kidney that showed significantly reduction in the response ability of mitochondria in HFD. In conclusion, the deteriorated mitochondrial function and its quality along with low mitochondrial copy number and downregulation of mitochondrial dynamic gene exhibited by HFD rat kidney augments the sensitivity of renal tissue towards the IR injury which leads to the compromised protective ability by ischemic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N Prem
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - David Raj Chellappan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. .,Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.
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3
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Alloatti G, Penna C, Comità S, Tullio F, Aragno M, Biasi F, Pagliaro P. Aging, sex and NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac ischaemic disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 145:107001. [PMID: 35623548 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimentally, many strong cardioprotective treatments have been identified in different animal models of acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the translation of these cardioprotective therapies for the benefit of the patients into the clinical scenario has been very disappointing. The reasons for this lack are certainly multiple. Indeed, many confounding factors we must deal in clinical reality, such as aging, sex and inflammatory processes are neglected in many experiments. Due to the pivotal role of aging, sex and inflammation in determining cardiac ischaemic disease, in this review, we take into account age as a modifier of tolerance to IRI in the two sexes, dissecting aging and myocardial reperfusion injury mechanisms and the sex differences in tolerance to IRI. Then we focus on the role of the gut microbiota and the NLRP3 inflammasome in myocardial IRI and on the possibility to consider NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential target in the treatment of CAD in relationship with age and sex. Finally, we consider the cardioprotective mechanisms and cardioprotective treatments during aging in the two sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy; National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Comità
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Francesca Tullio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Fiorella Biasi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy; National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
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4
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Kubat GB, Ulger O, Akin S. Requirements for successful mitochondrial transplantation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22898. [PMID: 34435410 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity and other mitochondrial functions are essential for the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and liver diseases. To date, no well-known treatment modality has been developed to prevent or reduce mitochondrial dysfunction. However, a novel approach that transplants fully functional mitochondria directly into defective cells has recently caught the attention of scientists. In this review, we provide an overview of the cell/tissue source of the mitochondria to prompt cell regeneration or tissue repair in vitro and in vivo applications. The animal and human models entail that effective procedures should be used in the isolation and confirmation of mitochondrial membrane potential and function. We believe that these procedures for mitochondrial transplantation for tissue or cell culture will confirm intact, viable, and free from contamination isolated mitochondria from the appropriate sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Department of Exercise and Sports Physiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pathology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oner Ulger
- Department Intensive Care, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Senay Akin
- Department of Exercise and Sports Physiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zampino M, Spencer RG, Fishbein KW, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L. Cardiovascular Health and Mitochondrial Function: Testing an Association. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:361-367. [PMID: 33249505 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mitochondrial dysfunction appears to be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, empirical data on this association are still lacking. This study evaluated whether mitochondrial oxidative capacity, as assessed by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was associated with cardiovascular risk, as estimated by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), and with a clinical history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in community-dwelling adults. METHOD A total of 616 subjects from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (mean age 66 years) underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation. Mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle was assessed as post-exercise phosphocreatine recovery time constant by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multivariate regression models were employed to determine the cross-sectional association of mitochondrial oxidative capacity with FRS and history of CVD. RESULTS Decreased mitochondrial oxidative capacity was strongly associated with higher FRS independent of age, body composition, and physical activity. Lower oxidative capacity was also associated with a history of positive of CVD and higher number of CVD events. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that the observed association could reflect the effect of an excessive production of oxidative species by dysfunctional mitochondria. Furthermore, decreased energy production could hamper the functionality of heart and vessels. In turn, a malfunctioning cardiovascular apparatus could fail to deliver the oxygen necessary for optimal mitochondrial energy production, therefore creating a vicious cycle. Longitudinal studies are necessary to ascertain the directionality of the association and the eventual presence of common pathogenetic roots. In conclusion, mitochondria could represent an important target for intervention in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zampino
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard G Spencer
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenneth W Fishbein
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland
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Infante B, Bellanti F, Correale M, Pontrelli P, Franzin R, Leo S, Calvaruso M, Mercuri S, Netti GS, Ranieri E, Brunetti ND, Grandaliano G, Gesualdo L, Serviddio G, Castellano G, Stallone G. mTOR inhibition improves mitochondria function/biogenesis and delays cardiovascular aging in kidney transplant recipients with chronic graft dysfunction. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8026-8039. [PMID: 33758105 PMCID: PMC8034974 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CVD remains the major cause of mortality with graft functioning in Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), with an estimated risk of CV events about 50-fold higher than in the general population. Many strategies have been considered to reduce the CV risk such as the use of mTOR inhibitors. We evaluate whether chronic mTOR inhibition might influence CV aging in KTRs studying the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect. We retrospectively analyzed 210 KTRs with stable graft function on therapy with CNI and mycophenolic acid (Group A, 105 pts.), or with CNI and mTORi (Everolimus, Group B, 105 pts.). The presence of mTOR inhibitor in immunosuppressive therapy was associated to increase serum levels of Klotho with concomitant reduction in FGF-23, with a significant decrease in left ventricular mass. In addition, KTRs with mTORi improved mitochondrial function/biogenesis in PBMC with more efficient oxidative phosphorylation, antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity. Finally, group B KTRs presented reduced levels of inflammaging markers such as reduced serum pentraxin-3 and p21ink expression in PBMC. In conclusion, we demonstrated that mTOR inhibition in immunosuppressive protocols prevents the occurrence and signs of CV aging in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Infante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Correale
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Serena Leo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Martina Calvaruso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvia Mercuri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology Unit and Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Natale Daniele Brunetti
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grandaliano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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7
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Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ. Metformin and myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury: Moving toward "prime time" human use? Transl Res 2021; 229:1-4. [PMID: 33148475 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, Virginia; Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Medical Service of the McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia.
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8
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Schnabel B, Kuhrt H, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A, Hollborn M. Osmotic regulation of aquaporin-8 expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro: Dependence on K ATP channel activation. Mol Vis 2020; 26:797-817. [PMID: 33456300 PMCID: PMC7803296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression of aquaporin-8 (AQP8), which plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the cellular fluid and electrolyte balance, was shown to be increased in RPE cells under hyperosmotic conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of hyperosmotic AQP8 gene expression and the localization of AQP8 in cultured human RPE cells. METHODS Hyperosmolarity was produced with the addition of 100 mM NaCl or 200 mM sucrose. Hypoxia was induced by cell culture in a 0.2% O2 atmosphere or the addition of the hypoxia mimetic CoCl2. Oxidative stress was induced by the addition of H2O2. Gene expression was determined with real-time RT-PCR analysis. AQP8 protein localization and secretion of VEGF were evaluated with immunocytochemistry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Immunocytochemical and western blot data suggest that the AQP8 protein is mainly located in the mitochondria. Extracellular hyperosmolarity, hypoxia, and oxidative stress induced increases in AQP8 gene expression. Hyperosmotic AQP8 gene expression was reduced by inhibitors of the p38 MAPK and PI3K signal transduction pathways, and by JAK2 and PLA2 inhibitors, and was in part mediated by the transcriptional activity of CREB. Hyperosmotic AQP8 gene expression was also reduced by autocrine/paracrine interleukin-1 signaling, the sulfonylureas glibenclamide and glipizide, which are known inhibitors of KATP channel activation, and a pannexin-blocking peptide. The KATP channel opener pinacidil increased the expression of AQP8 under control conditions. The cells contained Kir6.1 and SUR2B gene transcripts and displayed Kir6.1 immunoreactivity. siRNA-mediated knockdown of AQP8 caused increases in hypoxic VEGF gene expression and secretion and decreased cell viability under control, hyperosmotic, and hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that hyperosmotic expression of AQP8 in RPE cells is dependent on the activation of KATP channels. The data suggest that AQP8 activity decreases the hypoxic VEGF expression and improves the viability of RPE cells which may have impact for ischemic retinal diseases like diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schnabel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Kuhrt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Feige K, Raupach A, Torregroza C, Muehlenbernd J, Stroethoff M, Bunte S, Hollmann MW, Huhn R. Effluent from ischemic preconditioned hearts confers cardioprotection independent of the number of preconditioning cycles. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243220. [PMID: 33270768 PMCID: PMC7714116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary effluent collected from ischemic preconditioning (IPC) treated hearts induces myocardial protection in non-ischemic-preconditioned hearts. So far, little is known about the number of IPC cycles required for the release of cardioprotective factors into the coronary effluent to successfully induce cardioprotection. This study investigated the cardioprotective potency of effluent obtained after various IPC cycles in the rat heart. Experiments were performed on isolated hearts of male Wistar rats, mounted onto a Langendorff system and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer. In a first part, effluent was taken before (Con) and after each IPC cycle (Eff 1, Eff 2, Eff 3). IPC was induced by 3 cycles of 5 min of global myocardial ischemia followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion. In a second part, hearts of male Wistar rats were randomized to four groups (each group n = 4–5) and underwent 33 min of global ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. The previously obtained coronary effluent was administered for 10 minutes before ischemia as a preconditioning stimulus. Infarct size was determined at the end of reperfusion by triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) staining. Infarct size with control effluent was 54±12%. Effluent obtained after IPC confers a strong infarct size reduction independent of the number of IPC cycles (Eff 1: 27±5%; Eff 2: 35±7%; Eff 3: 35±8%, each P<0.05 vs. Con). Effluent extracted after one cycle IPC is comparably protective as after two or three cycles IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Feige
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolin Torregroza
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Muehlenbernd
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Stroethoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bunte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Elbe Clinics Stade-Buxtehude, Stade, Germany
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ragnar Huhn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Chaiyarit S, Thongboonkerd V. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Kidney Stone Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:566506. [PMID: 33192563 PMCID: PMC7606861 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.566506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion is a pivotal intracellular organelle that plays crucial roles in regulation of energy production, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis), particularly calcium oxalate (CaOx; the most common type), has been shown to be associated with oxidative stress and tissue inflammation/injury. Recent evidence has demonstrated the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in CaOx crystal retention and aggregation as well as Randall’s plaque formation, all of which are the essential mechanisms for kidney stone formation. This review highlights the important roles of mitochondria in renal cell functions and provides the data obtained from previous investigations of mitochondria related to kidney stone disease. In addition, mechanisms for the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of kidney stone disease are summarized. Finally, future perspectives on the novel approach to prevent kidney stone formation by mitochondrial preservation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Thompson J, Maceyka M, Chen Q. Targeting ER stress and calpain activation to reverse age-dependent mitochondrial damage in the heart. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111380. [PMID: 33045249 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severity of cardiovascular disease increases markedly in elderly patients. In addition, many therapeutic strategies that decrease cardiac injury in adult patients are invalid in elderly patients. Thus, it is a challenge to protect the aged heart in the context of underlying chronic or acute cardiac diseases including ischemia-reperfusion injury. The cause(s) of this age-related increased damage remain unknown. Aging impairs the function of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), leading to decreased energy production and increased oxidative stress due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, ROS-induced oxidative stress can increase cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by potentiating mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening. Aging leads to increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, including reduced function of the ETC. The activation of both cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium-activated proteases termed calpains leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased ETC function. Intriguingly, mitochondrial ROS generation also induces ER stress, highlighting the dynamic interaction between mitochondria and ER. Here, we discuss the role of ER stress in sensitizing and potentiating mitochondrial dysfunction in response to ischemia-reperfusion, and the promising potential therapeutic benefit of inhibition of ER stress and / or calpains to attenuate cardiac injury in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Thompson
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Qun Chen
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States.
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12
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Zhang J, Ren D, Fedorova J, He Z, Li J. SIRT1/SIRT3 Modulates Redox Homeostasis during Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Aging Heart. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090858. [PMID: 32933202 PMCID: PMC7556005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the central cause of global death in cardiovascular diseases, which is characterized by disorders such as angina, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, finally causing severe debilitating diseases and death. The increased rates of morbidity and mortality caused by I/R are parallel with aging. Aging-associated cardiac physiological structural and functional deterioration were found to contribute to abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during I/R stress. Disturbed redox homeostasis could further trigger the related signaling pathways that lead to cardiac irreversible damages with mitochondria dysfunction and cell death. It is notable that sirtuin proteins are impaired in aged hearts and are critical to maintaining redox homeostasis via regulating substrate metabolism and inflammation and thus preserving cardiac function under stress. This review discussed the cellular and functional alterations upon I/R especially in aging hearts. We propose that mitochondria are the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to I/R injury in aged hearts. Then, we highlight the cardiomyocyte protection of the age-related proteins Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT3) in response to I/R injury, and we discuss their modulation of cardiac metabolism and the inflammatory reaction that is involved in ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Di Ren
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Julia Fedorova
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhibin He
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-974-4917
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13
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Fu H, Fu J, Ma S, Wang H, Lv S, Hao Y. An ultrasound activated oxygen generation nanosystem specifically alleviates myocardial hypoxemia and promotes cell survival following acute myocardial infarction. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6059-6068. [PMID: 32697256 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxemia after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes severe damage to cardiac cells and induces cardiac dysfunction. Protection of cardiac cells and reconstruction of cardiac functions by re-introducing oxygen into the infarcted myocardium represents an efficient approach for the treatment of AMI. However, the established methods for oxygen supplementation mainly focus on systemic oxygen delivery, which always results in inevitable oxidative stress on normal tissues. In this work, an ultrasound (US) activated oxygen generation nanosystem has been developed, which specifically releases oxygen in the infarcted myocardium and alleviates the hypoxemic myocardial microenvironment to protect cardiac cells after AMI. The nanosystem was constructed through the formation of calcium peroxide in the mesopores of biocompatible mesoporous silica nanoplatforms, followed by the assembly of the thermosensitive material heneicosane and polyethyleneglycol. The mild hyperthermia induced by US irradiation triggered the phase change of heneicosane, thus achieving US responsive diffusion of water and release of oxygen. The US-activated oxygen release significantly alleviated the hypoxia and facilitated the mitigation of oxidative stress after AMI. Consequently, the survival of cardiac cells under hypoxic conditions was substantially improved and the damage in the infarcted myocardial tissue was minimized. This US-activated oxygen generation nanosystem may provide an efficient modality for the treatment of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huini Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanyang Second General Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Nanyang 473012, China.
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14
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Berry BJ, Wojtovich AP. Mitochondrial light switches: optogenetic approaches to control metabolism. FEBS J 2020; 287:4544-4556. [PMID: 32459870 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing new technologies to study metabolism is increasingly important as metabolic disease prevalence increases. Mitochondria control cellular metabolism and dynamic changes in mitochondrial function are associated with metabolic abnormalities in cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity. However, a lack of precise and reversible methods to control mitochondrial function has prevented moving from association to causation. Recent advances in optogenetics have addressed this challenge, and mitochondrial function can now be precisely controlled in vivo using light. A class of genetically encoded, light-activated membrane channels and pumps has addressed mechanistic questions that promise to provide new insights into how cellular metabolism downstream of mitochondrial function contributes to disease. Here, we highlight emerging reagents-mitochondria-targeted light-activated cation channels or proton pumps-to decrease or increase mitochondrial activity upon light exposure, a technique we refer to as mitochondrial light switches, or mtSWITCH . The mtSWITCH technique is broadly applicable, as energy availability and metabolic signaling are conserved aspects of cellular function and health. Here, we outline the use of these tools in diverse cellular models of disease. We review the molecular details of each optogenetic tool, summarize the results obtained with each, and outline best practices for using optogenetic approaches to control mitochondrial function and downstream metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Berry
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE Small and big conductance Ca2+-sensitive potassium (KCa) channels are involved in cardioprotective measures aiming at reducing myocardial reperfusion injury. For levosimendan, infarct size-reducing effects were shown. Whether activation of these channels is involved in levosimendan-induced postconditioning is unknown. We hypothesized that levosimendan exerts a concentration-dependent cardioprotective effect and that both types of Ca2+-sensitive potassium channels are involved. METHODS In a prospective blinded experimental laboratory investigation, hearts of male Wistar rats were randomized and placed on a Langendorff system, perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer at a constant pressure of 80 mmHg. All hearts were subjected to 33 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. At the onset of reperfusion, hearts were perfused with various concentrations of levosimendan (0.03-1 μM) in order to determine a concentration-response relationship. To elucidate the involvement of KCa-channels for the observed cardioprotection, in the second set of experiments, 0.3 μM levosimendan was administered in combination with the subtype-specific KCa-channel inhibitors paxilline (1 μM, big KCa-channel) and NS8593 (0.1 μM, small KCa-channel) respectively. Infarct size was determined by tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. RESULTS Infarct size in controls was 60 ± 7% and 59 ± 6% respectively. Levosimendan at a concentration of 0.3 μM reduced infarct size to 30 ± 5% (P < 0.0001 vs. control). Higher concentrations of levosimendan did not induce a stronger effect. Paxilline but not NS8593 completely abolished levosimendan-induced cardioprotection while both substances alone had no effect on infarct size. CONCLUSIONS Cardioprotection by levosimendan-induced postconditioning shows a binary phenomenon, either ineffective or with maximal effect. The cardioprotective effect requires activation of big but not small KCa channels.
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16
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Berry BJ, Trewin AJ, Milliken AS, Baldzizhar A, Amitrano AM, Lim Y, Kim M, Wojtovich AP. Optogenetic control of mitochondrial protonmotive force to impact cellular stress resistance. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49113. [PMID: 32043300 PMCID: PMC7132214 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration generates an electrochemical proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane called protonmotive force (PMF) to drive diverse functions and synthesize ATP. Current techniques to manipulate the PMF are limited to its dissipation; yet, there is no precise and reversible method to increase the PMF. To address this issue, we aimed to use an optogenetic approach and engineered a mitochondria-targeted light-activated proton pump that we name mitochondria-ON (mtON) to selectively increase the PMF in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we show that mtON photoactivation increases the PMF in a dose-dependent manner, supports ATP synthesis, increases resistance to mitochondrial toxins, and modulates energy-sensing behavior. Moreover, transient mtON activation during hypoxic preconditioning prevents the well-characterized adaptive response of hypoxia resistance. Our results show that optogenetic manipulation of the PMF is a powerful tool to modulate metabolism and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Berry
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Alexander S Milliken
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Aksana Baldzizhar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Andrea M Amitrano
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Yunki Lim
- Nephrology DivisionDepartment of MedicineSchool of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
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17
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Trewin AJ, Bahr LL, Almast A, Berry BJ, Wei AY, Foster TH, Wojtovich AP. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generated at the Complex-II Matrix or Intermembrane Space Microdomain Have Distinct Effects on Redox Signaling and Stress Sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:594-607. [PMID: 30887829 PMCID: PMC6657295 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aims: How mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) impact physiological function may depend on the quantity of ROS generated or removed, and the subcellular microdomain in which this occurs. However, pharmacological tools currently available to alter ROS production in vivo lack precise spatial and temporal control. Results: We used CRISPR/Cas9 to fuse the light-sensitive ROS-generating protein, SuperNova to the C-terminus of mitochondrial complex II succinate dehydrogenase subunits B (SDHB-1::SuperNova) and C (SDHC-1::SuperNova) in Caenorhabditis elegans to localize SuperNova to the matrix-side of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and to the intermembrane space (IMS), respectively. The presence of the SuperNova protein did not impact complex II activity, mitochondrial respiration, or C. elegans development rate under dark conditions. ROS production by SuperNova protein in vitro in the form of superoxide (O2˙-) was both specific and proportional to total light irradiance in the 540-590 nm spectra, and was unaffected by varying the buffer pH to resemble the mitochondrial matrix or IMS environments. We then determined using SuperNova whether stoichiometric ROS generation in the mitochondrial matrix or IMS had distinct effects on redox signaling in vivo. Phosphorylation of PMK-1 (a p38 MAPK homolog) and transcriptional activity of SKN-1 (an Nrf2 homolog) were each dependent on both the site and duration of ROS production, with matrix-generated ROS having more prominent effects. Furthermore, matrix- but not IMS-generated ROS attenuated susceptibility to simulated ischemia reperfusion injury in C. elegans. Innovation and Conclusion: Overall, these data demonstrate that the physiological output of ROS depends on the microdomain in which it is produced. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 594-607.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Trewin
- 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Laura L Bahr
- 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Anmol Almast
- 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Brandon J Berry
- 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,2Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Alicia Y Wei
- 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas H Foster
- 3Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,2Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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18
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Picca A, Mankowski RT, Burman JL, Donisi L, Kim JS, Marzetti E, Leeuwenburgh C. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms as molecular targets in cardiac ageing. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 15:543-554. [PMID: 30042431 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advancing age is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease because of the lifelong exposure to cardiovascular risk factors and specific alterations affecting the heart and the vasculature during ageing. Indeed, the ageing heart is characterized by structural and functional changes that are caused by alterations in fundamental cardiomyocyte functions. In particular, the myocardium is heavily dependent on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and is especially susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction. Indeed, primary alterations in mitochondrial function, which are subsequently amplified by defective quality control mechanisms, are considered to be major contributing factors to cardiac senescence. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms linking defective mitochondrial quality control mechanisms (that is, proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy) to organelle dysfunction in the context of cardiac ageing. We also illustrate relevant molecular pathways that might be exploited for the prevention and treatment of age-related heart dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathon L Burman
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Donisi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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19
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mTOR and Aging: An Old Fashioned Dress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112774. [PMID: 31174250 PMCID: PMC6600378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a physiologic/pathologic process characterized by a progressive impairment of cellular functions, supported by the alterations of several molecular pathways, leading to an increased cell susceptibility to injury. This deterioration is the primary risk factor for several major human pathologies. Numerous cellular processes, including genomic instability, telomere erosion, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular signal transduction represent common denominators of aging in different organisms. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved nutrient sensing protein kinase that regulates growth and metabolism in all eukaryotic cells. Studies in flies, worms, yeast, and mice support the hypothesis that the mTOR signalling network plays a pivotal role in modulating aging. mTOR is emerging as the most robust mediator of the protective effects of various forms of dietary restriction, which has been shown to extend lifespan and slow the onset of age-related diseases across species. Herein we discuss the role of mTor signalling network in the development of classic age-related diseases, focused on cardiovascular system, immune response, and cancer.
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20
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Liu D, Xu L, Zhang X, Shi C, Qiao S, Ma Z, Yuan J. Snapshot: Implications for mTOR in Aging-related Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Aging Dis 2019; 10:116-133. [PMID: 30705773 PMCID: PMC6345330 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging may aggravate the damage and dysfunction of different components of multiorgan and thus increasing multiorgan ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. IR injury occurs in many organs and tissues, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an atypical serine/threonine protein kinase, involves in the pathophysiological process of IR injury. In this review, we first briefly introduce the molecular features of mTOR, the association between mTOR and aging, and especially its role on autophagy. Special focus is placed on the roles of mTOR during ischemic and IR injury. We then clarify the association between mTOR and conditioning phenomena. Following this background, we expand our discussion to potential future directions of research in this area. Collectively, information reviewed herein will serve as a comprehensive reference for the actions of mTOR in IR injury and may be significant for the design of future research and increase the potential of mTOR as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Liqun Xu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.,2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China.,3Cadet group 3, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.,4Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- 2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China.,3Cadet group 3, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Changhong Shi
- 4Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shubin Qiao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.,2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jiansong Yuan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
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21
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Mitoproteomics: Tackling Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1435934. [PMID: 30533169 PMCID: PMC6250043 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1435934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic and regulated organelles that historically have been defined based on their crucial role in cell metabolism. However, they are implicated in a variety of other important functions, making mitochondrial dysfunction an important axis in several pathological contexts. Despite that conventional biochemical and molecular biology approaches have provided significant insight into mitochondrial functionality, innovative techniques that provide a global view of the mitochondrion are still necessary. Proteomics fulfils this need by enabling accurate, systems-wide quantitative analysis of protein abundance. More importantly, redox proteomics approaches offer unique opportunities to tackle oxidative stress, a phenomenon that is intimately linked to aging, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In addition, cutting-edge proteomics approaches reveal how proteins exert their functions in complex interaction networks where even subtle alterations stemming from early pathological states can be monitored. Here, we describe the proteomics approaches that will help to deepen the role of mitochondria in health and disease by assessing not only changes to mitochondrial protein composition but also alterations to their redox state and how protein interaction networks regulate mitochondrial function and dynamics. This review is aimed at showing the reader how the application of proteomics approaches during the last 20 years has revealed crucial mitochondrial roles in the context of aging, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disease, and cancer.
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22
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Ren J, Sowers JR, Zhang Y. Metabolic Stress, Autophagy, and Cardiovascular Aging: from Pathophysiology to Therapeutics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:699-711. [PMID: 30145108 PMCID: PMC6151141 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in health care have improved the management of cardiometabolic disorders, and prolonged lifespan. However, the ever-rising prevalence of metabolic stress related to obesity (insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) has greatly challenged geriatric care. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosomal pathways represent two major, yet distinct cellular machineries, for degradation and removal of damaged or long-lived proteins and organelles; the function of which declines with aging. To seek new strategies for cardiovascular aging under various metabolic diseases, it is imperative to understand the precise role for metabolic stress and protein quality control, in particular autophagy, in premature cardiovascular aging. Targeting metabolic stress and autophagy may offer exciting new avenues for the management of cardiovascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Dalton Cardiovascular Center and Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Research, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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23
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Berry BJ, Trewin AJ, Amitrano AM, Kim M, Wojtovich AP. Use the Protonmotive Force: Mitochondrial Uncoupling and Reactive Oxygen Species. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3873-3891. [PMID: 29626541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration results in an electrochemical proton gradient, or protonmotive force (pmf), across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The pmf is a form of potential energy consisting of charge (∆ψm) and chemical (∆pH) components, that together drive ATP production. In a process called uncoupling, proton leak into the mitochondrial matrix independent of ATP production dissipates the pmf and energy is lost as heat. Other events can directly dissipate the pmf independent of ATP production as well, such as chemical exposure or mechanisms involving regulated mitochondrial membrane electrolyte transport. Uncoupling has defined roles in metabolic plasticity and can be linked through signal transduction to physiologic events. In the latter case, the pmf impacts mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although capable of molecular damage, ROS also have signaling properties that depend on the timing, location, and quantity of their production. In this review, we provide a general overview of mitochondrial ROS production, mechanisms of uncoupling, and how these work in tandem to affect physiology and pathologies, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and immunity. Overall, we highlight that isolated bioenergetic models-mitochondria and cells-only partially recapitulate the complex link between the pmf and ROS signaling that occurs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Berry
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Andrea M Amitrano
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 609, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 609, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 609, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 609, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711/604, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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24
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Abstract
The opioid receptor family, with associated endogenous ligands, has numerous roles throughout the body. Moreover, the delta opioid receptor (DORs) has various integrated roles within the physiological systems, including the cardiovascular system. While DORs are important modulators of cardiovascular autonomic balance, they are well-established contributors to cardioprotective mechanisms. Both endogenous and exogenous opioids acting upon DORs have roles in myocardial hibernation and protection against ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Downstream signalling mechanisms governing protective responses alternate, depending on the timing and duration of DOR activation. The following review describes models and mechanisms of DOR-mediated cardioprotection, the impact of co-morbidities and challenges for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise See Hoe
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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25
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Lizano P, Rashed E, Stoll S, Zhou N, Wen H, Hays TT, Qin G, Xie LH, Depre C, Qiu H. The valosin-containing protein is a novel mediator of mitochondrial respiration and cell survival in the heart in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46324. [PMID: 28425440 PMCID: PMC5397870 DOI: 10.1038/srep46324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The valosin-containing protein (VCP) participates in signaling pathways essential for cell homeostasis in multiple tissues, however, its function in the heart in vivo remains unknown. Here we offer the first description of the expression, function and mechanism of action of VCP in the mammalian heart in vivo in both normal and stress conditions. By using a transgenic (TG) mouse with cardiac-specific overexpression (3.5-fold) of VCP, we demonstrate that VCP is a new and powerful mediator of cardiac protection against cell death in vivo, as evidenced by a 50% reduction of infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion versus wild type. We also identify a novel role of VCP in preserving mitochondrial respiration and in preventing the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore in cardiac myocytes under stress. In particular, by genetic deletion of inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) from VCP TG mouse and by pharmacological inhibition of iNOS in isolated cardiac myocytes, we reveal that an increase of expression and activity of iNOS in cardiomyocytes by VCP is an essential mechanistic link of VCP-mediated preservation of mitochondrial function. These data together demonstrate that VCP may represent a novel therapeutic avenue for the prevention of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Lizano
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Eman Rashed
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Shaunrick Stoll
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Ning Zhou
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Hairuo Wen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Tristan T Hays
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB),Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Christophe Depre
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92324, USA
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26
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Testai L, Da Pozzo E, Piano I, Pistelli L, Gargini C, Breschi MC, Braca A, Martini C, Martelli A, Calderone V. The Citrus Flavanone Naringenin Produces Cardioprotective Effects in Hearts from 1 Year Old Rat, through Activation of mitoBK Channels. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:71. [PMID: 28289383 PMCID: PMC5326774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Incidence of cardiovascular disorders increases with age, because of a dramatic fall of endogenous self-defense mechanisms and increased vulnerability of myocardium. Conversely, the effectiveness of many cardioprotective drugs is blunted in hearts of 1 year old rat. The Citrus flavanone naringenin (NAR) was reported to promote cardioprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, through the activation of mitochondrial large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (mitoBK). These effects were observed in young adult rats, but no data are available about the possible cardioprotective effects of NAR in aged animals. Experimental Approach: This study aimed at evaluating the potential cardioprotective effects of NAR against I/R damage in 1 year old rats, and the possible involvement of mitoBK. Key Results: Naringenin protected the hearts of 1 year old rats in both ex vivo and in vivo I/R protocols. Noteworthy, these effects were antagonized by paxilline, a selective BK-blocker. The cardioprotective effects of NAR were also observed in senescent H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. In isolated mitochondria from hearts of 1 year old, NAR exhibited the typical profile of a mitoBK opener. Finally, Western Blot analysis confirmed a significant (albeit reduced) presence of BK-forming alpha and beta subunits, both in cardiac tissue of 1 year old rats and in senescent H9c2 cells. Conclusion and Implications: This is the first work reporting cardioprotective effects of NAR in 1 year old rats. Although further studies are needed to better understand the whole pathway involved in the NAR-mediated cardioprotection, these preliminary data represent a promising perspective for a rational nutraceutical use of NAR in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of PisaPisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health"Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Da Pozzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of PisaPisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health"Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Piano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of PisaPisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health"Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of PisaPisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health"Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of PisaPisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health"Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of PisaPisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health"Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of PisaPisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health"Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in both men and women and has largely been attributed to genetic makeup and lifestyle factors. However, genetic regulation does not fully explain the pathophysiology. Recently, epigenetic regulation, the regulation of the genetic code by modifications that affect the transcription and translation of target genes, has been shown to be important. Silent information regulator-2 proteins or sirtuins are an epigenetic regulator family of class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), unique in their dependency on coenzyme NAD+, that are postulated to mediate the beneficial effects of calorie restriction, thus promoting longevity by reducing the incidence of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and CVD. Emerging evidence shows that SIRT1 is ubiquitously expressed throughout the body. Resveratrol, a plant polyphenol, has cardioprotective effects and its mechanism of action is attributed to regulation of SIRT1. Incoproation of resveratrol into the diet may be a powerful therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of CVD.
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Kumarasinghe G, Gao L, Hicks M, Villanueva J, Doyle A, Rao P, Ru Qiu M, Jabbour A, Iyer A, Chew HC, Hayward CS, Macdonald P. Improved heart function from older donors using pharmacologic conditioning strategies. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35:636-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Silva-Palacios A, Königsberg M, Zazueta C. Nrf2 signaling and redox homeostasis in the aging heart: A potential target to prevent cardiovascular diseases? Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:81-95. [PMID: 26732035 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging process is often accompanied with a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to the synergistic effects of age-related changes in heart morphology/function and prolonged exposure to injurious effects of CVD risk factors. Oxidative stress, considered a hallmark of aging, is also an important feature in pathologies that predispose to CVD development, like hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Approaches directed to prevent the occurrence of CVD during aging have been explored both in experimental models and in controlled clinical trials, in order to improve health span, reduce hospitalizations and increase life quality during elderly. In this review we discuss oxidative stress role as a main risk factor that relates CVD with aging. As well as interventions that aim to reduce oxidative stress by supplementing with exogenous antioxidants. In particular, strategies of improving the endogenous antioxidant defenses through activating the nuclear factor related-2 factor (Nrf2) pathway; one of the best studied molecules in cellular redox homeostasis and a master regulator of the antioxidant and phase II detoxification response.
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Pottecher J, Kindo M, Chamaraux-Tran TN, Charles AL, Lejay A, Kemmel V, Vogel T, Chakfe N, Zoll J, Diemunsch P, Geny B. Skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury and cyclosporine A in the aging rat. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:216-25. [PMID: 26787364 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Old patients exhibit muscle impairments and increased perioperative risk during vascular surgery procedures. Although aging generally impairs protective mechanisms, data are lacking concerning skeletal muscle in elderly. We tested whether cyclosporine A (CsA), which protects skeletal muscle from ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in young rats, might reduce skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in aging rats submitted to hindlimb IR. Wistar rats aged 71-73 weeks were randomized to IR (3 h unilateral tourniquet application and 2 h reperfusion) or IR + CsA (10 mg/kg cyclosporine IV before reperfusion). Maximal oxidative capacity (VM ax ), acceptor control ratio (ACR), and relative contribution of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes II, III, IV (VS ucc ), and IV (VTMPD /Asc ), together with calcium retention capacity (CRC) a marker of apoptosis, and tissue reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined in gastrocnemius muscles from both hindlimbs. Compared to the nonischemic hindlimb, IR significantly reduced mitochondrial coupling, VMax (from 7.34 ± 1.50 to 2.87 ± 1.22 μMO2 /min/g; P < 0.05; -70%), and VS ucc (from 6.14 ± 1.07 to 3.82 ± 0.83 μMO2 /min/g; P < 0.05; -42%) but not VTMPD /Asc . IR also decreased the CRC from 15.58 ± 3.85 to 6.19 ± 0.86 μMCa(2+) /min/g; P < 0.05; -42%). These alterations were not corrected by CsA (-77%, -49%, and -32% after IR for VM ax, VS ucc , and CRC, respectively). Further, CsA significantly increased ROS production in both hindlimbs (P < 0.05; +73%). In old rats, hindlimb IR impairs skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and increases oxidative stress. Cyclosporine A did not show protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pottecher
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 'Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire', Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale SAMU, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Kindo
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 'Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire', Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Chirurgie Cardio-Vasculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thiên-Nga Chamaraux-Tran
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 'Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire', Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale SAMU, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 'Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire', Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Lejay
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 'Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire', Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Kemmel
- Hôpital de Hautepierre, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Unité de Physiopathologie et Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Equipe d'Accueil EA4438, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Vogel
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 'Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire', Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Gériatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nabil Chakfe
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 'Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire', Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joffrey Zoll
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 'Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire', Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Diemunsch
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 'Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire', Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale SAMU, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 'Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire', Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Propofol cardioprotection for on-pump aortocoronary bypass surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (PRO-TECT II): a phase 2 randomized-controlled trial. Can J Anaesth 2015; 63:442-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-015-0580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Levy E, Kornowski R, Gavrieli R, Fratty I, Greenberg G, Waldman M, Birk E, Shainberg A, Akirov A, Miskin R, Hochhauser E. Long-Lived αMUPA Mice Show Attenuation of Cardiac Aging and Leptin-Dependent Cardioprotection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144593. [PMID: 26673217 PMCID: PMC4681471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
αMUPA transgenic mice spontaneously consume less food compared with their wild type (WT) ancestors due to endogenously increased levels of the satiety hormone leptin. αMUPA mice share many benefits with mice under caloric restriction (CR) including an extended life span. To understand mechanisms linked to cardiac aging, we explored the response of αMUPA hearts to ischemic conditions at the age of 6, 18, or 24 months. Mice were subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) in vivo and to ischemia/reperfusion ex vivo. Compared to WT mice, αMUPA showed functional and histological advantages under all experimental conditions. At 24 months, none of the WT mice survived the first ischemic day while αMUPA mice demonstrated 50% survival after 7 ischemic days. Leptin, an adipokine decreasing under CR, was consistently ~60% higher in αMUPA sera at baseline. Leptin levels gradually increased in both genotypes 24h post MI but were doubled in αMUPA. Pretreatment with leptin neutralizing antibodies or with inhibitors of leptin signaling (AG-490 and Wortmannin) abrogated the αMUPA benefits. The antibodies also reduced phosphorylation of the leptin signaling components STAT3 and AKT specifically in the αMUPA myocardium. αMUPA mice did not show elevation in adiponectin, an adipokine previously implicated in CR-induced cardioprotection. WT mice treated for short-term CR exhibited cardioprotection similar to that of αMUPA, however, along with increased adiponectin at baseline. Collectively, the results demonstrate a life-long increased ischemic tolerance in αMUPA mice, indicating the attenuation of cardiac aging. αMUPA cardioprotection is mediated through endogenous leptin, suggesting a protective pathway distinct from that elicited under CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Levy
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ran Kornowski
- Cardiology Dept., Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Reut Gavrieli
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ilana Fratty
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Maayan Waldman
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Einat Birk
- Cardiology Dept. and Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Asher Shainberg
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amit Akirov
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ruth Miskin
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Ferdinandy P, Hausenloy DJ, Heusch G, Baxter GF, Schulz R. Interaction of risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications with ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote conditioning. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:1142-74. [PMID: 25261534 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-, post-, and remote conditioning of the myocardium are well described adaptive responses that markedly enhance the ability of the heart to withstand a prolonged ischemia/reperfusion insult and provide therapeutic paradigms for cardioprotection. Nevertheless, more than 25 years after the discovery of ischemic preconditioning, we still do not have established cardioprotective drugs on the market. Most experimental studies on cardioprotection are still undertaken in animal models, in which ischemia/reperfusion is imposed in the absence of cardiovascular risk factors. However, ischemic heart disease in humans is a complex disorder caused by, or associated with, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance, heart failure, altered coronary circulation, and aging. These risk factors induce fundamental alterations in cellular signaling cascades that affect the development of ischemia/reperfusion injury per se and responses to cardioprotective interventions. Moreover, some of the medications used to treat these risk factors, including statins, nitrates, and antidiabetic drugs, may impact cardioprotection by modifying cellular signaling. The aim of this article is to review the recent evidence that cardiovascular risk factors and their medication may modify the response to cardioprotective interventions. We emphasize the critical need to take into account the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and concomitant medications when designing preclinical studies for the identification and validation of cardioprotective drug targets and clinical studies. This will hopefully maximize the success rate of developing rational approaches to effective cardioprotective therapies for the majority of patients with multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gary F Baxter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
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de Lima Portella R, Lynn Bickta J, Shiva S. Nitrite Confers Preconditioning and Cytoprotection After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Modulation of Mitochondrial Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:307-27. [PMID: 26094636 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitrite is now recognized as an intrinsic signaling molecule that mediates a number of biological processes. One of the most reproducible effects of nitrite is its ability to mediate cytoprotection after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). This robust phenomenon has been reproduced by a number of investigators in varying animal models focusing on different target organs. Furthermore, nitrite's cytoprotective versatility is highlighted by its ability to mediate delayed preconditioning and remote conditioning in addition to acute protection. RECENT ADVANCES In the last 10 years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. CRITICAL ISSUES The mitochondrion, which is essential to both the progression of I/R injury and the protection afforded by preconditioning, has emerged as a major subcellular target for nitrite. This review will outline the role of the mitochondrion in I/R injury and preconditioning, review the accumulated preclinical studies demonstrating nitrite-mediated cytoprotection, and finally focus on the known interactions of nitrite with mitochondria and their role in the mechanism of nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These studies set the stage for current clinical trials testing the efficacy of nitrite to prevent warm and cold I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Lima Portella
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Janelle Lynn Bickta
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Mitochondrial quality is a crucial determinant of cell viability, and mitochondrial autophagy plays a central role in this control mechanism. Based on studies in yeast, numerous investigations of this process have been conducted, and the framework of mammalian mitochondrial autophagy is progressively appearing. However, many enigmas about the molecular mechanisms involved remain unsolved. Furthermore, the pathological significance of mitochondrial autophagy in the heart remains largely unclear. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of mitochondrial autophagy in mammals with reference to that in yeast. Regarding the process in yeast, some points of uncertainty have arisen. We also summarize recent advances in the research of autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy in the heart. This article is a part of a review series on Autophagy in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Saito
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark.
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Escobales N, Nuñez RE, Jang S, Parodi-Rullan R, Ayala-Peña S, Sacher JR, Skoda EM, Wipf P, Frontera W, Javadov S. Mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenger improves post-ischemic recovery of cardiac function and attenuates mitochondrial abnormalities in aged rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 77:136-46. [PMID: 25451170 PMCID: PMC4312194 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of aging and age-associated diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of XJB-5-131 (XJB), a mitochondria-targeted ROS and electron scavenger, on cardiac resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced oxidative stress in aged rats. Male adult (5-month old, n=17) and aged (29-month old, n=19) Fischer Brown Norway (F344/BN) rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: adult (A), adult+XJB (AX), aged (O), and aged+XJB (OX). XJB was administered 3 times per week (3mg/kg body weight, IP) for four weeks. At the end of the treatment period, cardiac function was continuously monitored in excised hearts using the Langendorff technique for 30 min, followed by 20 min of global ischemia, and 60-min reperfusion. XJB improved post-ischemic recovery of aged hearts, as evidenced by greater left ventricular developed-pressures and rate-pressure products than the untreated, aged-matched group. The state 3 respiration rates at complexes I, II and IV of mitochondria isolated from XJB-treated aged hearts were 57% (P<0.05), 25% (P<0.05) and 28% (P<0.05), respectively, higher than controls. Ca(2+)-induced swelling, an indicator of permeability transition pore opening, was reduced in the mitochondria of XJB-treated aged rats. In addition, XJB significantly attenuated the H2O2-induced depolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane as well as the total and mitochondrial ROS levels in cultured cardiomyocytes. This study underlines the importance of mitochondrial ROS in aging-induced cardiac dysfunction and suggests that targeting mitochondrial ROS may be an effective therapeutic approach to protect the aged heart against IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Escobales
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Rebeca E Nuñez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Rebecca Parodi-Rullan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Sylvette Ayala-Peña
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Joshua R Sacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erin M Skoda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Walter Frontera
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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Exercise training preserves ischemic preconditioning in aged rat hearts by restoring the myocardial polyamine pool. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:457429. [PMID: 25404991 PMCID: PMC4227379 DOI: 10.1155/2014/457429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) strongly protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. However, IPC protection is ineffective in aged hearts. Exercise training reduces the incidence of age-related cardiovascular disease and upregulates the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)/polyamine pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exercise can reestablish IPC protection in aged hearts and whether IPC protection is linked to restoration of the cardiac polyamine pool. METHODS Rats aging 3 or 18 months perform treadmill exercises with or without gradient respectively for 6 weeks. Isolated hearts and isolated cardiomyocytes were exposed to an IR and IPC protocol. RESULTS IPC induced an increase in myocardial polyamines by regulating ODC and spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (SSAT) in young rat hearts, but IPC did not affect polyamine metabolism in aged hearts. Exercise training inhibited the loss of preconditioning protection and restored the polyamine pool by activating ODC and inhibiting SSAT in aged hearts. An ODC inhibitor, α-difluoromethylornithine, abolished the recovery of preconditioning protection mediated by exercise. Moreover, polyamines improved age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. CONCLUSION Exercise appears to restore preconditioning protection in aged rat hearts, possibly due to an increase in intracellular polyamines and an improvement in mitochondrial function in response to a preconditioning stimulus.
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Hollander JM, Thapa D, Shepherd DL. Physiological and structural differences in spatially distinct subpopulations of cardiac mitochondria: influence of cardiac pathologies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1-14. [PMID: 24778166 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00747.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue contains discrete pools of mitochondria that are characterized by their subcellular spatial arrangement. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) exist below the cell membrane, interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) reside in rows between the myofibrils, and perinuclear mitochondria are situated at the nuclear poles. Microstructural imaging of heart tissue coupled with the development of differential isolation techniques designed to sequentially separate spatially distinct mitochondrial subpopulations have revealed differences in morphological features including shape, absolute size, and internal cristae arrangement. These findings have been complemented by functional studies indicating differences in biochemical parameters and, potentially, functional roles for the ATP generated, based upon subcellular location. Consequently, mitochondrial subpopulations appear to be influenced differently during cardiac pathologies including ischemia/reperfusion, heart failure, aging, exercise, and diabetes mellitus. These influences may be the result of specific structural and functional disparities between mitochondrial subpopulations such that the stress elicited by a given cardiac insult differentially impacts subcellular locales and the mitochondria contained within. The goal of this review is to highlight some of the inherent structural and functional differences that exist between spatially distinct cardiac mitochondrial subpopulations as well as provide an overview of the differential impact of various cardiac pathologies on spatially distinct mitochondrial subpopulations. As an outcome, we will instill a basis for incorporating subcellular spatial location when evaluating the impact of cardiac pathologies on the mitochondrion. Incorporation of subcellular spatial location may offer the greatest potential for delineating the influence of cardiac pathology on this critical organelle.
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Porter GA, Urciuoli WR, Brookes PS, Nadtochiy SM. SIRT3 deficiency exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury: implication for aged hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1602-9. [PMID: 24748594 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00027.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is significantly worse in aged hearts, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Age-related damage to mitochondria may be a critical feature, which manifests in an exacerbation of IR injury. Silent information regulator of transcription 3 (SIRT3), the major mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent lysine deacetylase, regulates a variety of functions, and its inhibition may disrupt mitochondrial function to impact recovery from IR injury. In this study, the role of SIRT3 in mediating the response to cardiac IR injury was examined using an in vitro model of SIRT3 knockdown (SIRT3(kd)) in H9c2 cardiac-derived cells and in Langendorff preparations from adult (7 mo old) wild-type (WT) and SIRT3(+/-) hearts and aged (18 mo old) WT hearts. SIRT3(kd) cells were more vulnerable to simulated IR injury and exhibited a 46% decrease in mitochondrial complex I (Cx I) activity with low O2 consumption rates compared with controls. In the Langendorff model, SIRT3(+/-) adult hearts showed less functional recovery and greater infarct vs. WT, which recapitulates the in vitro results. In WT aged hearts, recovery from IR injury was similar to SIRT3(+/-) adult hearts. Mitochondrial protein acetylation was increased in both SIRT3(+/-) adult and WT aged hearts (relative to WT adult), suggesting similar activities of SIRT3. Also, enzymatic activities of two SIRT3 targets, Cx I and MnSOD, were similarly and significantly inhibited in SIRT3(+/-) adult and WT aged cardiac mitochondria. In conclusion, decreased SIRT3 may increase the susceptibility of cardiac-derived cells and adult hearts to IR injury and may contribute to a greater level of IR injury in the aged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; and
| | - William R Urciuoli
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Sergiy M Nadtochiy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Heinen A, Ströthoff M, Schmidt A, Stracke N, Behmenburg F, Bauer I, Hollmann MW, Huhn R. Pharmacological options to protect the aged heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury by targeting the PKA-BK(Ca) signaling pathway. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:99-105. [PMID: 24727217 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of many cardioprotective strategies including ischemic or pharmacological conditioning are reduced in the aged heart. The underlying reason(s) for the age-dependent loss of cardioprotection is unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that protein kinase A (PKA) dependent cardioprotection is lost in the aged heart. However, activation of large-conductance Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels, a putative PKA downstream target, initiated cardioprotection also in the aged heart. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether 1) BK(Ca) channels are critically involved in PKA activation induced cardioprotection and 2) the age-dependent loss of cardioprotection is caused by differences in PKA regulation. Using an in vivo rat model with regional myocardial ischemia, we treated young (2-4 months) and aged (22-24 months) Wistar rats with PKA activator forskolin, BK(Ca) channel activator NS1619 and/or BK(Ca) channel blocker iberiotoxin. Forskolin induced infarct size reduction was 1) age-dependent and 2) prevented by iberiotoxin. The effect of forskolin on myocardial PKA activity was comparable in young and aged animals. In addition, NS1619 initiated cardioprotection also in the aged heart both when administered before ischemia and during early reperfusion phase. Activation of BK(Ca) channels is critically involved in forskolin induced cardioprotection. The age-dependency of forskolin induced cardioprotection is not caused by age-dependent differences in PKA activation. Pharmacological targeting of BK(Ca) channels before or after myocardial ischemia is a promising therapeutic strategy to protect the aged heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Heinen
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Martin Ströthoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Anika Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Nadine Stracke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Friederike Behmenburg
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Inge Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ragnar Huhn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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The interplay between autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced cardiac aging and pathology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 71:62-70. [PMID: 24650874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a progressive increase in the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prolonged exposure to cardiovascular risk factors, together with intrinsic age-dependent declines in cardiac functionality, increases the vulnerability of the heart to both endogenous and exogenous stressors, ultimately enhancing the susceptibility to developing CVD in late life. Both increased levels of oxidative damage and the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria have been observed in a wide range of cardiac diseases, which may therefore represent a common ground upon which many aspects of CVD develop. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms whereby oxidative stress arising from mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the process of cardiac aging and in the pathogenesis of CVD highly prevalent in late life (e.g., heart failure and ischemic heart disease). Special emphasis is placed on recent evidence about the role played by alterations in cellular quality control systems, in particular autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), and their interconnections in the context of age-related CVD. Cardioprotective interventions acting through the modulation of mitochondrial autophagy (calorie restriction, calorie restriction mimetics, and the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide) are also presented. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Protein Quality Control, the Ubiquitin Proteasome System, and Autophagy".
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Wojtovich AP, Foster TH. Optogenetic control of ROS production. Redox Biol 2014; 2:368-76. [PMID: 24563855 PMCID: PMC3926119 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are known to cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids. In addition, recent evidence suggests that ROS can also initiate signaling cascades that respond to stress and modify specific redox-sensitive moieties as a regulatory mechanism. This suggests that ROS are physiologically-relevant signaling molecules. However, these sensor/effector molecules are not uniformly distributed throughout the cell. Moreover, localized ROS damage may elicit site-specific compensatory measures. Thus, the impact of ROS can be likened to that of calcium, a ubiquitous second messenger, leading to the prediction that their effects are exquisitely dependent upon their location, quantity and even the timing of generation. Despite this prediction, ROS signaling is most commonly intuited through the global administration of chemicals that produce ROS or by ROS quenching through global application of antioxidants. Optogenetics, which uses light to control the activity of genetically-encoded effector proteins, provides a means of circumventing this limitation. Photo-inducible genetically-encoded ROS-generating proteins (RGPs) were originally employed for their phototoxic effects and cell ablation. However, reducing irradiance and/or fluence can achieve sub-lethal levels of ROS that may mediate subtle signaling effects. Hence, transgenic expression of RGPs as fusions to native proteins gives researchers a new tool to exert spatial and temporal control over ROS production. This review will focus on the new frontier defined by the experimental use of RGPs to study ROS signaling. ROS signaling is implicated in numerous cellular functions. Genetically encoded proteins are capable light-induced ROS production. Cell ablation, protein inactivation, and ROS signaling applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 711, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Thomas H Foster
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Bereiter-Hahn J. Do we age because we have mitochondria? PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:3-23. [PMID: 23794102 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The process of aging remains a great riddle. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria is an inevitable by-product of respiration, which has led to a hypothesis proposing the oxidative impairment of mitochondrial components (e.g., mtDNA, proteins, lipids) that initiates a vicious cycle of dysfunctional respiratory complexes producing more ROS, which again impairs function. This does not exclude other processes acting in parallel or targets for ROS action in other organelles than mitochondria. Given that aging is defined as the process leading to death, the role of mitochondria-based impairments in those organ systems responsible for human death (e.g., the cardiovascular system, cerebral dysfunction, and cancer) is described within the context of "garbage" accumulation and increasing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and glycation of proteins. Mitochondrial mass, fusion, and fission are important factors in coping with impaired function. Both biogenesis of mitochondria and their degradation are important regulatory mechanisms stimulated by physical exercise and contribute to healthy aging. The hypothesis of mitochondria-related aging should be revised to account for the limitations of the degradative capacity of the lysosomal system. The processes involved in mitochondria-based impairments are very similar across a large range of organisms. Therefore, studies on model organisms from yeast, fungi, nematodes, flies to vertebrates, and from cells to organisms also add considerably to the understanding of human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Neurowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Lauestrasse 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
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Gao XH, Qanungo S, Pai HV, Starke DW, Steller KM, Fujioka H, Lesnefsky EJ, Kerner J, Rosca MG, Hoppel CL, Mieyal JJ. Aging-dependent changes in rat heart mitochondrial glutaredoxins--Implications for redox regulation. Redox Biol 2013; 1:586-98. [PMID: 25126518 PMCID: PMC4127417 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and animal studies have documented that hearts of the elderly are more susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion damage compared to young adults. Recently we found that aging-dependent increase in susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to apoptosis was attributable to decrease in cytosolic glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) and concomitant decrease in NF-κB-mediated expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Besides primary localization in the cytosol, Grx1 also exists in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS). In contrast, Grx2 is confined to the mitochondrial matrix. Here we report that Grx1 is decreased by 50–60% in the IMS, but Grx2 is increased by 1.4–2.6 fold in the matrix of heart mitochondria from elderly rats. Determination of in situ activities of the Grx isozymes from both subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar (IFM) mitochondria revealed that Grx1 was fully active in the IMS. However, Grx2 was mostly in an inactive form in the matrix, consistent with reversible sequestration of the active-site cysteines of two Grx2 molecules in complex with an iron–sulfur cluster. Our quantitative evaluations of the active/inactive ratio for Grx2 suggest that levels of dimeric Grx2 complex with iron–sulfur clusters are increased in SSM and IFM in the hearts of elderly rats. We found that the inactive Grx2 can be fully reactivated by sodium dithionite or exogenous superoxide production mediated by xanthine oxidase. However, treatment with rotenone, which generates intramitochondrial superoxide through inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain Complex I, did not lead to Grx2 activation. These findings suggest that insufficient ROS accumulates in the vicinity of dimeric Grx2 to activate it in situ. Glutaredoxins play key roles in cellular redox regulation, which is sensitive to aging-dependent dysregulation. Grx1 is diminished in the intermembrane space of mitochondria from aged heart; matrix Grx2 is increased but mostly in an inactive form. The inactive Grx2 is selectively activated by superoxide. Mitochondrial glutaredoxin changes may contribute to dysregulation of redox homeostasis during aging. Changes in in situ activities of heart mitochondrial Grx1 and Grx2 with aging provide mechanistic insights for future studies.
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Key Words
- Aging
- Cys-SSG, l-cysteine–glutathione mixed disulfide
- DT, sodium dithionite
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GSSG, glutathione disulfide
- Glutaredoxin
- Glutathionylation
- Grx, glutaredoxin
- IFM, Heart interfibrillar mitochondria
- Iron–sulfur cluster
- Mitochondria
- Mn-TMPyP, Mn(III) tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
- Redox regulation
- SSM, heart subsarcolemmal mitochondria
- t-Bid, caspase-8-cleaved human BID
- tetratosylate, hydroxide
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Huang Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Suparna Qanungo
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Harish V Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David W Starke
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kelly M Steller
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hisashi Fujioka
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Janos Kerner
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mariana G Rosca
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John J Mieyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA ; Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Charitou P, Burgering BMT. Forkhead box(O) in control of reactive oxygen species and genomic stability to ensure healthy lifespan. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1400-19. [PMID: 22978495 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Transcription factors of the Forkhead box O class (FOXOs) are associated with lifespan and play a role in age-related diseases. FOXOs, therefore, serve as a paradigm for developing an understanding as to how age-related diseases, such as cancer and diabetes interconnect with lifespan. Understanding the regulatory inputs on FOXO may reveal how changes in these regulatory signaling pathways affect disease and lifespan. RECENT ADVANCES Numerous regulators of FOXO have now been described and a clear and evolutionary conserved role has emerged for phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (also known as c-Akt or AKT) signaling and c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling. Analysis of FOXO function in the context of these signaling pathways has shown the importance of FOXO-mediated transcriptional regulation on cell cycle progression and other cell fates, such as cell metabolism, stress resistance, and apoptosis in mediating disease and lifespan. CRITICAL ISSUES Persistent DNA damage is also tightly linked to disease and aging; yet, data on a possible link between DNA damage and FOXO have been limited. Here, we discuss possible connections between FOXO and the DNA damage response in the context of the broader role of connecting lifespan and disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the role of lifespan in diseases onset may provide unique and generic possibilities to intervene in disease processes to ensure a healthy lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Charitou
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Krenz M, Baines C, Kalogeris T, Korthuis R. Cell Survival Programs and Ischemia/Reperfusion: Hormesis, Preconditioning, and Cardioprotection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4199/c00090ed1v01y201309isp044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Venkataraman K, Khurana S, Tai TC. Oxidative stress in aging--matters of the heart and mind. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17897-925. [PMID: 24002027 PMCID: PMC3794759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is considered to be the primary cause of several aging associated disease pathologies. Cumulative oxidative damage tends to be pervasive among cellular macromolecules, impacting proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA of cells. At a systemic level, events subsequent to oxidative damage induce an inflammatory response to sites of oxidative damage, often contributing to additional oxidative stress. At a cellular level, oxidative damage to mitochondria results in acidification of the cytoplasm and release of cytochrome c, causing apoptosis. This review summarizes findings in the literature on oxidative stress and consequent damage on cells and tissues of the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system, with a focus on aging-related diseases that have well-documented evidence of oxidative damage in initiation and/or progression of the disease. The current understanding of the cellular mechanisms with a focus on macromolecular damage, impacted cellular pathways and gross morphological changes associated with oxidative damage is also reviewed. Additionally, the impact of calorific restriction with its profound impact on cardiovascular and neuronal aging is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Venkataraman
- Department of Gerontology, Huntington University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - T. C. Tai
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; E-Mail:
- Department of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-705-662-7239; Fax: +1-705-675-4858
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Abstract
Ischemic stroke predominates in all types of stroke and none neuroprotective agents success in the clinical trial. MicroRNAs are small endogenous noncoding RNA molecules that act as negative or positive regulators of gene expressions by binding completely or partially to complementary target sequences in the mRNAs. The genes which could be modulated by microRNAs play a role in the etiology and pathophysiology ischemic stroke. Therefore, microRNAs may have function on ischemic stroke. A lot of previous studies have investigated the roles of microRNAs in the ischemic stroke. This mini review would highlight the recent progress of microRNAs on the ischemic stroke. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that microRNAs contributed to the etiology of ischemic stroke and modulated the pathophysiological process such as brain edema, local inflammation, and apoptosis in the brain tissues after stroke. And we also discussed the potential application of microRNAs in ischemic stroke such as a biomarker of stroke and drug target. In conclusion, microRNAs play an important role in stroke etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy for ischemic stroke. It needs further research to investigate the biological function in ischemic stroke before it enters the clinical practice.
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de Lange P, Cioffi F, Silvestri E, Moreno M, Goglia F, Lanni A. (Healthy) ageing: focus on iodothyronines. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13873-92. [PMID: 23880847 PMCID: PMC3742223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the thyroid gland diminishes during ageing, but a certain tissue reserve of T3 and its metabolites is maintained. This reserve is thought to play a regulatory role in energy homeostasis during ageing. This review critically assesses this notion. T3 was thought to act predominantly through pathways that require transcriptional regulation by thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). However, in recent years, it has emerged that T3 and its metabolites can also act through non-genomic mechanisms, including cytosolic signaling. Interestingly, differences may exist in the non-genomic pathways utilized by thyroid hormone metabolites and T3. For instance, one particular thyroid hormone metabolite, namely 3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine (T2), increases the activity of the redox-sensitive protein deacetylase SIRT1, which has been associated with improvements in healthy ageing, whereas evidence exists that T3 may have the opposite effect. Findings suggesting that T3, T2, and their signaling pathways, such as those involving SIRT1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), are associated with improvements in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance emphasize the potential importance of the thyroid during ageing and in ageing-associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter de Lange
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 81100, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, Benevento 82100, Italy; E-Mails: (F.C.); (E.S.); (M.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, Benevento 82100, Italy; E-Mails: (F.C.); (E.S.); (M.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Maria Moreno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, Benevento 82100, Italy; E-Mails: (F.C.); (E.S.); (M.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, Benevento 82100, Italy; E-Mails: (F.C.); (E.S.); (M.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 81100, Italy; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-082-327-4580; Fax: +39-082-327-4571
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Virag JAI, Anderson EJ, Kent SD, Blanton HD, Johnson TL, Moukdar F, DeAntonio JH, Thayne K, Ding JM, Lust RM. Cardioprotection via preserved mitochondrial structure and function in the mPer2-mutant mouse myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H477-83. [PMID: 23771689 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00914.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that myocardial infarct size in nonreperfused hearts of mice with a functional deletion of the circadian rhythm gene mPer2 (mPer2-M) was reduced by 43%. We hypothesized that acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R = 30 min I/2 h R) would also be reduced in these mice and that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) (3 × 5 min cycles) before I/R, which enhances protection in wild-type (WT) hearts, would provide further protection in mPer2-M hearts. We observed a 69 and 75% decrease in infarct size in mPer2-M mouse hearts compared with WT following I/R and IPC, respectively. This was coincident with 67% less neutrophil infiltration and 57% less apoptotic cardiomyocytes. IPC in mPer2-M mice before I/R had 48% less neutrophil density and 46% less apoptosis than their WT counterparts. Macrophage density was not different between WT and mPer2-M I/R, but it was 45% higher in mPer2-M IPC mouse hearts compared with WT IPC. There were no baseline differences in cardiac mitochondrial function between WT and mPer2-M mice, but, following I/R, WT exhibited a marked decrease in maximal O₂ consumption supported by complex I-mediated substrates, whereas mPer2-M did not, despite no difference in complex I content. Moreover, cardiac mitochondria from WT mice exhibited a very robust increase in ADP-stimulated O₂ consumption in response to exogenously added cytochrome c, along with a high rate of reactive oxygen species production, none of which was exhibited by cardiac mitochondria from mPer2-M following I/R. Taken together, these findings suggest that mPer2 deletion preserves mitochondrial membrane structure and functional integrity in heart following I/R injury, the consequence of which is preservation of myocardial viability. Understanding the mechanisms connecting cardiac events, mitochondrial function, and mPer2 could lead to preventative and therapeutic strategies for at risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka A I Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and
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