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Hooshmandi Z, Daryanoosh F, Ahmadi Hekmatikar AH, Awang Daud DM. Highlighting the effect of reduced training volume on maintaining hormonal adaptations obtained from periodized resistance training in sarcopenic older women. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024; 19:187-197. [PMID: 38103186 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2294091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the impact of the High Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT) protocol on hormonal changes in older women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Forty sarcopenic women were divided into an experimental group (EX = 30) and a control group (C = 10). The EX-group was further divided into Maintenance Training 1 (MT1 = 10), Maintenance Training 2 (MT2 = 10), and Detraining (DT = 10). The participants underwent 8 weeks of resistance training, consisting of hypertrophy and strength cycles. Following this, the EX-group had a 4-week period with no exercise or a reduced training volume. Measurements were taken at three time points. RESULTS After 8 weeks, the EX-group showed significant improvements in Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Myostatin (MSTN), Follistatin (Fstn), Growth Hormone (GH) and Cortisol (Cort) compared to the control group. During the volume reduction period, there were no significant differences between MT1 and MT2 groups, but both groups saw increases in IGF-1, Fstn, GH, and decreases in MSTN and Cort compared to the DT group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that performing at least one training session per week with the HIIRT protocol is crucial for maintaining hormonal adaptations in sarcopenic older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Hooshmandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Daryanoosh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - D Maryama Awang Daud
- Health Through Exercise and Active Living (HEAL) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Cavalcante EF, Kassiano W, Ribeiro AS, Costa B, Cyrino LT, Cunha PM, Antunes M, Santos LD, Tomeleri CM, Nabuco HCG, Sugihara-Júnior P, Fernandes RR, Rodrigues RJ, Carneiro MAS, Pina FLC, Dib MM, Teixeira DC, Orsatti FL, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Cyrino ES. Resistance Training for Older Women: Do Adaptive Responses Support the ACSM and NSCA Position Stands? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1651-1659. [PMID: 37005493 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal intensity of resistance training (RT) to improve muscular, physical performance, and metabolic adaptations still needs to be well established for older adults. Based on current position statements, we compared the effects of two different RT loads on muscular strength, functional performance, skeletal muscle mass, hydration status, and metabolic biomarkers in older women. METHODS One hundred one older women were randomly allocated to perform a 12-wk whole-body RT program (eight exercises, three sets, three nonconsecutive days a week) into two groups: 8-12 repetitions maximum (RM) and 10-15RM. Muscular strength (1RM tests), physical performance (motor tests), skeletal muscle mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), hydration status (bioelectrical impedance), and metabolic biomarkers (glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein) were measured at baseline and posttraining. RESULTS Regarding muscular strength, 8-12RM promoted higher 1RM increases in chest press (+23.2% vs +10.7%, P < 0.01) and preacher curl (+15.7% vs +7.4%, P < 0.01), but not in leg extension (+14.9% vs +12.3%, P > 0.05). Both groups improved functional performance ( P < 0.05) in gait speed (4.6%-5.6%), 30 s chair stand (4.6%-5.9%), and 6 min walking (6.7%-7.0%) tests, with no between-group differences ( P > 0.05). The 10-15RM group elicited superior improves in the hydration status (total body water, intracellular and extracellular water; P < 0.01), and higher gains of skeletal muscle mass (2.5% vs 6.3%, P < 0.01), upper (3.9% vs 9.0%, P < 0.01) and lower limbs lean soft tissue (2.1% vs 5.4%, P < 0.01). Both groups improved their metabolic profile. However, 10-15RM elicited greater glucose reductions (-0.2% vs -4.9%, P < 0.05) and greater HDL-c increases (-0.2% vs +4.7%, P < 0.01), with no between-group differences for the other metabolic biomarkers ( P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 8-2RM seems more effective than 10-15RM for increasing upper limbs' muscular strength, whereas the adaptative responses for lower limbs and functional performance appear similar in older women. In contrast, 10-15RM seems more effective for skeletal muscle mass gains, and increased intracellular hydration and improvements in metabolic profile may accompany this adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilaine F Cavalcante
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | | | - Bruna Costa
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | | | | | | | - Leandro Dos Santos
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | | | - Paulo Sugihara-Júnior
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Rodrigo R Fernandes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | | | - Marcelo A S Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Fábio L C Pina
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Márcia M Dib
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Denilson C Teixeira
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Fábio L Orsatti
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Paraná, BRAZIL
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Paraná, BRAZIL
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
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Cardozo DC, de Souza Destro D. Pyramidal resistance training: A brief review of acute responses and long-term adaptations. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 35:21-27. [PMID: 37330772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most popular training methods in weight rooms is the pyramidal. Despite this, its superiority over traditional training is still speculative. OBJECTIVE To review the effects of pyramid strength training on acute responses and long-term adaptations of this training method. METHOD The research was performed in PubMed, BIREME/BVS and Google Scholar databases using the search words in different combinations: 'strength training', 'resistance training', 'resistance exercise', 'strength exercise', 'pyramid', 'system pyramidal', 'crescent pyramid' and 'decrescent pyramid'. As inclusion criteria were considered: studies in English, which compared the effects of pyramidal training versus traditional training on acute responses and long-term adaptations. The TESTEX scale (0-15 points) was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. RESULTS This article included 15 studies (6 acute effect studies and 9 longitudinal studies), which evaluated hormonal, metabolic and performance responses, strength gains and muscle hypertrophy of strength training in pyramidal and traditional format. Studies were rated between good and excellent quality. CONCLUSION The pyramid training protocol was not superior to the traditional protocol on acute physiological responses, strength gains and muscle hypertrophy. From a practical point of view, these findings allow us to say that the manipulation of this training method could be based on issues of periodization, motivation and/or even in personal preference. But, this is based on studies developed with repetition zones between 8 and 12 and/or intensities between 67% and 85% of 1RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Correia Cardozo
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Coelho DB, Lopes LMP, de Oliveira EC, Becker LK, de Paula Costa G, Hermsdorff HHM, Drummond e Silva FG, de Castro Pinto KM, Talvani A, Carraro JCC. Baseline Diet Quality Is Related to Changes in the Body Composition and Inflammatory Markers: An Intervention Study Based on Resistance Training and Nutritional Advice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6681823. [PMID: 34869768 PMCID: PMC8639234 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6681823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Habitual food intake and physical activity can affect chronic low-grade inflammation, which is common in the elderly, because of changes in the immune system and body composition. Thus, the present study proposes an evaluation of the influence of past eating habits on the effects of an intervention of resistance training plus dietary advice on the inflammatory profile of the elderly. We conducted an intervention study with 40 elderly people. The Revised Diet Quality Index (HEI-R) and the dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) were calculated before the intervention based on a food frequency questionnaire validated to the elderly population. Participants were categorized according to the median of HEI-R and dTAC to assess the influence of the habitual diet quality on anthropometry and inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-8, CCL-2, and leptin) before and after the intervention. The 19-week intervention provided a long-term progressive resistance training associated with dietary advice focused on foods rich in compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. There was a greater reduction in weight, body mass index (BMI), and body fat (%) in the group with the lowest HEI-R and a greater reduction in the body fat (%) in the group with the lowest dTAC, indicating that the group that had a worse diet quality before the intervention responded better to it. The index HEI-R correlated negatively with Δweight and ΔBMI. dTAC correlated positively with Δmonocyte 1 chemotactic protein (CCL-2) and ΔC-reactive protein (CRP). In this scenario, elderly persons with bad habits can benefit from interventions to lifestyle change, while the better diet quality including dietary antioxidant sources can be useful to control weight and inflammatory biomarkers in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barbosa Coelho
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lilian Maria Peixoto Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson Cruz de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Paula Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Kelerson Mauro de Castro Pinto
- Physical Education School and Inflammation Immunobiology Laboratory, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition and Inflammation Immunobiology Laboratory, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júlia Cristina Cardoso Carraro
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition and School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Effects of DHA-Rich n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and/or Resistance Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Overweight and Obese Post-Menopausal Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072465. [PMID: 34371972 PMCID: PMC8308734 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation have emerged as strategies to improve muscle function in older adults. Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (55–70 years) were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups, receiving placebo (olive oil) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation alone or in combination with a supervised RT-program for 16 weeks. At baseline and at end of the trial, body composition, anthropometrical measures, blood pressure and serum glucose and lipid biomarkers were analyzed. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and strength tests were also performed. All groups exhibit a similar moderate reduction in body weight and fat mass, but the RT-groups maintained bone mineral content, increased upper limbs lean mass, decreased lower limbs fat mass, and increased muscle strength and quality compared to untrained-groups. The RT-program also improved glucose tolerance (lowering the OGTT incremental area under the curve). The DHA-rich supplementation lowered diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglycerides and increased muscle quality in lower limbs. In conclusion, 16-week RT-program improved segmented body composition, bone mineral content, and glucose tolerance, while the DHA-rich supplement had beneficial effects on cardiovascular health markers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. No synergistic effects were observed for DHA supplementation and RT-program combination.
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Rush B, Binkley N, Krueger D, Yamada Y, Kuchnia AJ. Combination of DXA and BIS Predicts Jump Power Better Than Traditional Measures of Sarcopenia. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10527. [PMID: 34368612 PMCID: PMC8328796 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia use dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured appendicular lean mass (ALM), normalized to height (ALM/ht2) or body mass index (ALM/BMI) to define low muscle mass. However, muscle function declines with aging before the loss of muscle mass is detected by ALM. This is likely due, in part, to qualitative muscle changes such as extracellular and intracellular fluid compartment shifts uncaptured by DXA. We propose combining bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), which estimates extracellular and intracellular compartment volume, with DXA to more accurately predict muscle function. This combination may help incorporate muscle quality, thereby improving sarcopenia diagnosis. We cross-sectionally analyzed data from 248 Black and White participants aged 25 to 75 years from the Midlife in the United States Refresher Cohort. We proposed two novel muscle measures: ALM corrected by the BIS-derived whole-body extracellular to intracellular fluid ratio (E/I) and leg lean mass (LLM) corrected by leg-specific E/I, creating (ALM/(E/I)W) and (LLM/(E/I)L), respectively. We compared the associations of traditional muscle measures, ALM/(E/I)W, and LLM/(E/I)L, with grip strength and lower limb power using jumping mechanography. LLM/(E/I)L explained jump power best at R 2 = 0.803 compared with ALM/(E/I)W (p < 0.0001) and all other measures. ALM/(E/I)W explained jump power second best (R 2 = 0.759) but not significantly better than traditional muscle measures. No muscle measure performed better than covariates when predicting handgrip strength. LLM/(E/I)L outperformed ALM/ht2 and ALM/BMI when predicting jump power. We propose LLM/(E/I)L is a powerful and clinically relevant method that accounts for muscle quality. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rush
- Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Neil Binkley
- University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program Madison WI USA
| | - Diane Krueger
- University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program Madison WI USA
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Physical Activity, National Institute of Health and Nutrition National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Tokyo Japan
| | - Adam J Kuchnia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA
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Costa BDDV, Ferreira MEC, Gantois P, Kassiano W, Paes ST, de Lima-Júnior D, Cyrino ES, Fortes LDS. Acute Effect of Drop-Set, Traditional, and Pyramidal Systems in Resistance Training on Neuromuscular Performance in Trained Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:991-996. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Santos CS, Pinto JR, Scoz RD, Alves BM, Oliveira PR, Soares WJ, DA Silva RA, Vieira ER, Amorim CF. What is the traditional method of resistance training: a systematic review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:1191-1198. [PMID: 33721981 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many resistance studies state that they used the traditional method of resistance training in the intervention. However, there is a wide difference on the characteristics of the training protocols used even though they are labeled as "the traditional method". There is no clear definition and characteristics for the traditional method of resistance training. OBJECTIVE To describe the most common definitions and references, and also the main characteristics of the training variables of the studies using the traditional training method for strengthening. DATABASE Searches were carried out in Pubmed, Embase, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION We included randomized controlled trials that included a strengthening program using the "traditional method" and that evaluated hypertrophy and/or maximum strength in healthy individuals. RESULT The initial search resulted in 26,057 studies, but only 39 studies were eligible and included in this review. The common characteristics of the traditional training protocol were frequency of 3 sessions/week, 3 sets of 9 repetitions, with weight = 75% 1RM. The movement time was 2±1 seconds for the concentric and for the eccentric phases. Resting time between sets was 2±1 minutes. The concepts used to define the method as traditional and the characteristics of the intervention protocols were different. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) was the most cited reference. CONCLUSIONS The "traditional method of resistance training" can be defined as: "Three (±1) sets of 9±6 repetitions of concentric and eccentric exercises using an external load of 75±20% of one maximum repetition, completed 3±1 times/week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleyton S Santos
- Biomechanics, Motion Analysis and Motor Control Laboratory, Masters and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo - UNICID, São Paulo, Brazil -
| | - Julia R Pinto
- Biomechanics, Motion Analysis and Motor Control Laboratory, Masters and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo - UNICID, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson D Scoz
- Biomechanics, Motion Analysis and Motor Control Laboratory, Masters and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo - UNICID, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Alves
- Biomechanics, Motion Analysis and Motor Control Laboratory, Masters and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo - UNICID, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Oliveira
- Biomechanics, Motion Analysis and Motor Control Laboratory, Masters and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo - UNICID, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wuber J Soares
- Biomechanics, Motion Analysis and Motor Control Laboratory, Masters and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo - UNICID, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens A DA Silva
- Bioner Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, University du Quebec, Chicutimi, Canada
| | - Edgar R Vieira
- Human Performance Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Florida International University-FIU, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cesar F Amorim
- Biomechanics, Motion Analysis and Motor Control Laboratory, Masters and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo - UNICID, São Paulo, Brazil.,Bioner Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, University du Quebec, Chicutimi, Canada.,Human Performance Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Florida International University-FIU, Miami, FL, USA
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Characteristics of Physical Exercise Programs for Older Adults in Latin America: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062812. [PMID: 33802095 PMCID: PMC8000929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To characterize physical exercise programs for older adults in Latin America. METHODS This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. A search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between the years 2015 and 2020 was performed in the Scopus, MedLine and SciELO databases. RESULTS A total of 101 RCTs were included. A large percentage of the studies had an unclear risk of bias in the items: selection, performance, detection and attribution. Furthermore, a heterogeneous level of compliance was observed in the CERT items. A total sample of 5013 older adults (79% women) was included. 97% of the studies included older adults between 60-70 years, presenting an adherence to the interventions of 86%. The studies were mainly carried out in older adults with cardiometabolic diseases. Only 44% of the studies detailed information regarding the place of intervention; of these studies, 61% developed their interventions in university facilities. The interventions were mainly based on therapeutic physical exercise (89% of the articles), with a duration of 2-6 months (95% of the articles) and a frequency of 2-3 times a week (95% of the articles) with sessions of 30-60 min (94% of the articles) led by sports science professionals (51% of the articles). The components of physical fitness that were exercised the most were muscular strength (77% of the articles) and cardiorespiratory fitness (47% of the articles). Furthermore, only 48% of the studies included a warm-up stage and 34% of the studies included a cool-down stage. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review characterized the physical exercise programs in older adults in Latin America, as well the most frequently used outcome measures and instruments, by summarizing available evidence derived from RCTs. The results will be useful for prescribing future physical exercise programs in older adults.
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Stojanović MDM, Mikić MJ, Milošević Z, Vuković J, Jezdimirović T, Vučetić V. Effects of Chair-Based, Low-Load Elastic Band Resistance Training on Functional Fitness and Metabolic Biomarkers in Older Women. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2021; 20:133-141. [PMID: 33707996 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Strength training can improve myriad health parameters in elderly cohorts. Although potentially more appropriate for the elderly, low-load resistance training protocols have been less investigated. We aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of chair-based, low-load resistance training with elastic band (EBT) on functional fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women. One hundred sixty-eight women were allocated randomly to an elastic band resistance training (EBT, n = 86, 75.7 ± 8.9 years, 71.3 ± 12.2 kg) or a control group (CON, n = 82, 74.5 ± 8.2years, 70.6 ± 12.0 kg). RT protocol consisted of periodized chair-based, low-load whole-body resistance exercises (2 sets, 12-15 repetitions, 40-60% of one repetition maximum-1RM) using an elastic band, twice weekly for 12 weeks. The resistance training program was generally designed to maintain internal load over time, provided with increasing intensity using various elastic bands (Thera-Band). Functional fitness (30-s Chair Stand,30-s Arm Curl, 2-min Step Test, Chair Sit-and-Reach, Back Scratch, 8-Foot Up-and-Go, Handgrip Strength) and metabolic markers (Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein) were measured before and after the training period. To detect pre/post intervention changes and between group- differences 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA was applied. Significant improvements over time for all fitness variables for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 12.78, p < 0.05 for 30-s Chair Stand; F = 14.04, p < 0.05 for 30-s Arm Curl; F = 5.18, p < 0.05 for 2-min Step Test; F = 10.90, p < 0.05 for Chair Sit-and-Reach; F = 16.57, p < 0.05 for Back Scratch; F = 11.79, p < 0.05 for 8-foot Up-and-Go; and F = 29.25, p < 0.05 for Handgrip Strength). In addition, significant improvements over time for all but one (triglycerides) biomarkers for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 7.30, p < 0.05 for blood sugar levels; F = 13.36, p < 0.05 for total cholesterol; F = 8.61, p < 0.05 for HDL; and F = 11.53, p < 0.05 for LDL). Furthermore, the participants' adherence to training sessions of over 90% was reported. In conclusion, 12 weeks of EBT is safe and beneficial for improving health-related fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women and seems to be viable model to ensure a high training adherence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko D M Stojanović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Advanced Rehab & Conditioning Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mladen J Mikić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Advanced Rehab & Conditioning Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milošević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovan Vuković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Jezdimirović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Elsangedy HM, Oliveira GTA, Machado DGDS, Tavares MPM, Araújo ADO, Krinski K, Browne RAV, Gregório da Silva S. Effects of Self-selected Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Psychophysiological Responses in Physically Inactive Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Study. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 128:467-491. [PMID: 33115322 DOI: 10.1177/0031512520967610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week self-selected resistance training (SSRT) program on physical fitness and psychophysiological responses among physically inactive older women. We randomly allocated 32 inactive older women (M age = 66.0 years, SD = 3.0) into either an SSRT (n = 16) or control group (n = 16). Participants performed SSRT three times per week over 12 weeks. We assessed maximal isotonic and isokinetic muscle strength, functional capacity, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition at baseline and after the intervention. Affective responses and perceived exertion were evaluated after each exercise set throughout the training program. The SSRT group significantly improved their maximal muscle strength in all exercises (Cohen's d ranging from 1.4-3.3; all p's < .001), peak torque (knee flexors: d = 1.7; knee extensors: d = 1.6; all p < .001), flexibility (knee flexors: d = 1.7; single hip flexors: d = 1.6; all p < .001; bilateral hip flexors: d = 1.1, p = .001), fat-free mass (d = .9, p = .008), and cardiorespiratory fitness (d = .9, p = .014), compared to the control group. All components of functional capacity improved compared to the control group (Cohen's d ranging from .8 to 5.5; all p's ≤ .001). Participants perceived the exercise training sessions as pleasant and of low to moderate effort. Thus, a 12-week SSRT program was effective at improving physical fitness and inducing feelings of pleasure among inactive older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mohamed Elsangedy
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Kleverton Krinski
- Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Lopes LMP, de Oliveira EC, Becker LK, Costa GDP, Pinto KMDC, Talvani A, Carraro JCC, Coelho DB. Resistance Training Associated with Dietetic Advice Reduces Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Elderly. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7351716. [PMID: 32964042 PMCID: PMC7492897 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7351716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a biological process during which chronic low-grade inflammation is present due to changes in the immune system of the elderly. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of resistance training associated with dietary advice on chronic inflammation in the elderly. We conducted a prospective intervention study in which we evaluated anthropometric parameters and inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-8, CCL-2, and leptin) in 40 elderly people before and after long-term progressive resistance training (19 weeks) associated with dietary advice. The participants trained twice a week on nonconsecutive days, and the training lasted one hour with an intensity of 60-85% of 1-MR. Dietary advice was explained in person and individually focusing on foods rich in compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Participants were instructed at the beginning of the training program, and dietary advice was reinforced verbally weekly. There was an improvement in body composition evidenced by a reduction in waist circumference and body fat percentage and by the increase in arm circumference, calf circumference, and corrected arm muscle area. In addition, there was a reduction in the inflammatory biomarkers CCL-2 (p = 0.01) and leptin (p < 0.01). Resistance training associated with dietary guidance can contribute to a healthy aging due to observed improvements in body composition and in the inflammatory profile of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Maria Peixoto Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson Cruz de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Paula Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kelerson Mauro de Castro Pinto
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Inflammation Immunobiology Laboratory, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Inflammation Immunobiology Laboratory, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júlia Cristina Cardoso Carraro
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barbosa Coelho
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Effects of Pyramid Resistance-Training System with Different Repetition Zones on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176115. [PMID: 32842644 PMCID: PMC7503540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of the pyramidal resistance training (RT) system with two repetition zones on cardiovascular risk factors in older women (≥60 years old). Fifty-nine older women were randomly assigned in three groups: non-exercise control (CON, n = 19), narrow-pyramid system (NPR, n = 20), and wide-pyramid system (WPR, n = 20). Training was performed for eight weeks (eight exercises for the whole-body, 3x/week) in which NPR and WPR performed three sets of 12/10/8 and 15/10/5 repetitions, respectively. Regional body fat was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood parameters related to glycemic, lipid, and inflammatory profiles were assessed. After the training period, although no difference was observed for the magnitude of the changes between NPR and WPR, significant group by time interactions indicated benefits with RT compared to CON for reducing body fat (mainly android body fat; −7%) and improving glucose, HDL-C, LDL-C and C-reactive protein (p < 0.05). Composite z-score of cardiovascular risk, created by the average of the intervention effects on the outcomes, indicate similar responses between NPR and WPR, differing from CON (p < 0.001). Results indicate that both the repetition zones of the pyramidal RT reduced similarly the cardiovascular risk in older women.
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Banitalebi E, Faramarzi M, Ghahfarokhi MM, SavariNikoo F, Soltani N, Bahramzadeh A. Osteosarcopenic obesity markers following elastic band resistance training: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2020; 135:110884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ribeiro AS, Picoloto A, Nunes JP, Bezerra ES, Schoenfeld BJ, Cyrino ES. Effects of Different Resistance Training Loads on the Muscle Quality Index in Older Women. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:1445-1449. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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González-Ravé JM, Cuéllar-Cañadilla R, García-Pastor T, Juárez Santos-García D. Strength Improvements of Different 10-Week Multicomponent Exercise Programs in Elderly Women. Front Public Health 2020; 8:130. [PMID: 32478024 PMCID: PMC7235353 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of various muscle strength sessions performed during 10 weeks physical conditioning programs and 4 weeks of detraining on the physical conditioning, body composition and hematology of elderly women. 48 women were randomly distributed in four groups: a physical conditioning group (PCG; n = 12) with two sessions per week; a PCG with an extra-session focus on hypertrophy (PCGH; n = 12), a PCG with an extra-session in a shallow pool (PCGP; n = 12); and a control group (CG; n = 12). PCGH achieved a significant increase in Abalakov. Significant differences between the CG and the other groups were found in Countermovement Jump. There were significant improvements in the chair-stand test in the PCG and PCGH. The training programs suspected improvements in HDL, LDL, baseline glucose and glycated hemoglobin. In conclusion, a training program with an extra-session focus on hypertrophy achieved a greater improvement in strength in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María González-Ravé
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Rubén Cuéllar-Cañadilla
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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17
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Cunha PM, Nunes JP, Tomeleri CM, Nascimento MA, Schoenfeld BJ, Antunes M, Gobbo LA, Teixeira D, Cyrino ES. Resistance Training Performed With Single and Multiple Sets Induces Similar Improvements in Muscular Strength, Muscle Mass, Muscle Quality, and IGF-1 in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1008-1016. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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18
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Angleri V, Ugrinowitsch C, Libardi C. Are resistance training systems necessary to avoid a stagnation and maximize the gains muscle strength and hypertrophy? Sci Sports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Padilha CS, Cella PS, Ribeiro AS, Voltarelli FA, Testa MT, Marinello PC, Iarosz KC, Guirro PB, Deminice R. Moderate vs high-load resistance training on muscular adaptations in rats. Life Sci 2019; 238:116964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Effects of Protein Intake Beyond Habitual Intakes Associated With Resistance Training on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Parameters, Isokinetic Strength, and Body Composition in Older Women. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27:545–552. [PMID: 30676196 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of protein intake beyond habitual intakes associated with resistance training on metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related parameters, isokinetic strength, and body composition in health older women. A total of 30 older women (68.8 ± 4.3 years) participated in this investigation and were assigned to receive 35 g of whey protein or placebo combined with resistance training, over 12-weeks, three times per week. Blood samples, blood pressure, dietary intake, strength, and body composition were assessed before and after the intervention period. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was applied for comparisons. Both groups improved the skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, glucose, resistance, reactance, and MetS Z-score risk. However, the improvements in skeletal muscle mass, waist circumference, and MetS Z-score risk were significantly greater in protein group when compared with control group. Moreover, protein group significantly decreased %body fat when compared with control group. Higher protein intake combined with resistance training promoted greater improvements in skeletal muscle mass, %body fat, waist circumference, and MetS Z-score risk in older women.
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Nunes JP, Ribeiro AS, Silva AM, Schoenfeld BJ, Dos Santos L, Cunha PM, Nascimento MA, Tomeleri CM, Nabuco HCG, Antunes M, Cyrino LT, Cyrino ES. Improvements in Phase Angle Are Related With Muscle Quality Index After Resistance Training in Older Women. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27:515-520. [PMID: 30507279 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between muscle quality index (MQI) and phase angle (PhA) after a program of progressive resistance training (RT) in older women. Sixty-six older women with previous RT experience (68.8 ± 4.6 years, 156.6 ± 5.3 cm, 66.0 ± 13.0 kg, and 26.7 ± 4.6 kg/m2) underwent 12 weeks of RT (3 ×/week, eight exercises, and 10-15 repetition maximum). Anthropometry, muscular strength (one-repetition maximum tests), and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and spectral bioimpedance) were measured pre- and posttraining. There were observed significant increases for PhA, MQI, muscular strength, muscle mass, and reactance, whereas no significant changes in body fat and resistance were found. A significant correlation was observed between the RT-induced relative changes in PhA and MQI (r = .620). We conclude that improvements in MQI induced by RT are associated with increases in PhA. Therefore, PhA may be a valid tool to track changes in MQI after 12 weeks of RT in older women.
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Nabuco HC, Tomeleri CM, Junior PS, Fernandes RR, Cavalcante EF, Nunes JP, Cunha PF, Dos Santos L, Cyrino ES. Effects of higher habitual protein intake on resistance-training-induced changes in body composition and muscular strength in untrained older women: A clinical trial study. Nutr Health 2019; 25:103-112. [PMID: 30909813 DOI: 10.1177/0260106019838365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is accompanied by progressive and accentuated decline in muscular strength and skeletal muscle mass, affecting health and functional autonomy. Both resistance training (RT) and diet are strategies that may contribute to improvement in the health of the elderly. AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of higher habitual protein intake on RT-induced changes in body composition and strength in untrained postmenopausal women. METHODS Seventy older women were submitted to an RT program. Body composition, muscular strength, and dietary intake (24 h dietary recall) were performed pre- and post-intervention. To verify different intervention effects according to protein intake of the participants, the sample was separated into tertiles according to protein intake: low, moderate, and high protein intake. RESULTS A time vs. group interaction ( p < 0.05) was observed, with high protein intake presenting greater increases compared with low protein intake, for skeletal muscle mass (5.3% vs. 1.3%), lower limb lean soft tissue (4.9% vs. 1.4%), upper lean soft tissue (4.9% vs. 1.2%), preacher curl (24% vs. 15.2%), and total strength (16.4% vs. 11.7%). A time vs. group interaction ( p < 0.05) was observed, with high protein intake presenting greater increases compared with moderate protein intake, for skeletal muscle mass (5.3% vs. 3.2%). In all groups, a main effect of time ( p < 0.05) was observed for knee extension and chest press. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that intake of >1.0 g/kg/day of protein promotes gains in skeletal muscle mass and muscular strength after RT in untrained older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Cg Nabuco
- 1 Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- 2 Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- 2 Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- 3 Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas - Unicamp, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sugihara Junior
- 2 Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Fernandes
- 2 Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Edilaine F Cavalcante
- 2 Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- 2 Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Paolo F Cunha
- 2 Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Leandro Dos Santos
- 2 Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- 2 Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Nabuco HCG, Tomeleri CM, Fernandes RR, Sugihara Junior P, Cavalcante EF, Cunha PM, Antunes M, Nunes JP, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Burini RC, Silva AM, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Effect of whey protein supplementation combined with resistance training on body composition, muscular strength, functional capacity, and plasma-metabolism biomarkers in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 32:88-95. [PMID: 31221297 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS & AIMS Obesity and sarcopenia are independent illnesses associated with contemporary dietary and physical activity behaviors, aggravated by aging. Their coexistence is termed sarcopenic obesity (SO). Hence, increasing protein intake and resistance training (RT) are interventions that could counteract these illnesses. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the effects of whey protein (WP) supplementation associated with RT on body composition, muscular strength, functional capacity, and plasma-metabolism biomarkers in older women with SO. METHODS Twenty six sarcopenic (appendicular lean soft tissue ALST < 15.02 kg) obese (body fat mass ≥ 35%) older women were randomly assigned to receive daily, either 35 g of WP (WP group) or placebo (PLA group), combined with supervised RT (8 exercises, 3 × 8-12 rep, 3 times a week), during a 12-week protocol. Blood samples, blood pressure, dietary intake, functional capacity tests, the one repetition maximum (1RM) test, and body composition were assessed before and after the intervention period. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was applied for comparisons. RESULTS The WP group presented greater (P < 0.05) increases in ALST (WP = 6.0% vs. PLA = 2.5%) and decreases in (P < 0.05) total (-3.3% vs. -0.3%) and trunk fat mass (WP = -5.1% vs. PLA = -1.1) and IL-6 (WP = -34.6% vs. PLA = 9.3%) compared with the PLA group. Both groups demonstrated improved (P < 0.05) scores for muscular strength, waist-hip ratio, functional capacity, and other plasma-metabolism biomarkers without significant differences between conditions. CONCLUSION Whey protein combined with RT increased ALST, and decreased total and trunk fat mass, improving sarcopenia and decreasing SO in older women, with a limited impact on inflammation. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier n° NCT03752359.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen C G Nabuco
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Mato Grosso, Highway BR-364, Km 329, Cuiabá, MT 78106-970, Brazil; Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil; Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Érico Veríssimo Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo R Fernandes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Sugihara Junior
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Edilaine F Cavalcante
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Paolo M Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Melissa Antunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Carlos Burini
- Exercise and Nutrition Metabolism Center, Department of Public Health, Botucatu School of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo 1499-002, Portugal.
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo 1499-002, Portugal.
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
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Nabuco HCG, Tomeleri CM, Sugihara Junior P, Fernandes RR, Cavalcante EF, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Silva AM, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Effects of pre- or post-exercise whey protein supplementation on body fat and metabolic and inflammatory profile in pre-conditioned older women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:290-300. [PMID: 30639252 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Protein supplementation and resistance training (RT) are interventions that may counteract decline in muscle mass and increase in fat mass, thus reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases during the aging process. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of whey protein (WP) pre- or post-RT on metabolic and inflammatory profile in pre-conditioned older women. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy older women participated in this investigation and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: WP pre-RT and placebo post-RT (WP-PLA, n = 24), placebo pre-RT and WP post-RT (PLA-WP, n = 23) and placebo pre and post-RT (PLA-PLA, n = 23). Each group ingested 35 g of PLA or WP pre- and post-RT. RT was carried out over 12 weeks (three times/week; 3 x 8-12 repetition maximum). Body composition, blood pressure, blood samples and dietary intake were assessed pre- and post-intervention. After the intervention, WP groups showed greater improvements in appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST: WP-PLA, 3.1%; PLA-WP, 3.9%; PLA-PLA, 1.8%) and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C: WP-PLA, -12.11%; PLA-WP, -13.2%; PLA-PLA, -0.7) when compared with PLA-PLA. WP post-RT also showed improvements (P < 0.05) in ALST/appendicular fat mass ratio (PLA-WP, 5.8%; PLA-PLA, 1.3%), total body fat (PLA-WP, -3.8%; PLA-PLA: -0.1) and trunk fat mass (PLA-WP, -3.1%; PLA-PLA, -0.3%) when compared with PLA-PLA. CONCLUSION WP pre- or post- RT promotes improvements in ALST and TC/HDL-C ratio in pre-conditioned older women. WP administered after RT was more effective in improving metabolic health Z-score and in reducing body fat compared to placebo group.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C G Nabuco
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Mato Grosso, Highway BR-364, Km 329, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78106-970, Brazil; Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - C M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil; Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Érico Veríssimo avenue, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - P Sugihara Junior
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - R R Fernandes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - E F Cavalcante
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - D Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory. Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - D S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory. Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - A M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo 1499-002, Portugal.
| | - L B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo 1499-002, Portugal.
| | - E S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
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Ihalainen JK, Inglis A, Mäkinen T, Newton RU, Kainulainen H, Kyröläinen H, Walker S. Strength Training Improves Metabolic Health Markers in Older Individual Regardless of Training Frequency. Front Physiol 2019; 10:32. [PMID: 30774600 PMCID: PMC6367240 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of frequency, thereby increasing training volume, of resistance training on body composition, inflammation markers, lipid and glycemic profile in healthy older individuals (age range 65–75 year). Ninety-two healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups; performing strength training one- (EX1), two- (EX2), or three- (EX3) times-per-week and a non-training control (CON) group. Whole-body strength training was performed using 2–5 sets and 4–12 repetitions per exercise and 7–9 exercises per session. All training groups attended supervised resistance training for 6 months. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry and fasting blood samples were taken pre- and post-training. There were significant main effects of time for total fat mass (F = 28.12, P < 0.001) and abdominal fat mass (F = 20.72, P < 0.001). Pre- to post-study, statistically significant reductions in fat mass (Δ = -1.3 ± 1.4 kg, P < 0.001, n = 26) were observed in EX3. Pre- to post-study reductions in low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration (Δ = -0.38 ± 0.44 mmol⋅L-1, P = 0.003, n = 19) were observed only in EX3, whereas a significant pre- to post-study increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration (0.14–0.19 mmol⋅L-1) were observed in all training groups. Most variables at baseline demonstrated a significant (negative) relationship when correlating baseline values with their change during the study including: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = -0.583, P < 0.001), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r = -0.471, P < 0.001, and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.402, P = 0.003). The present study suggests that having more than two resistance training sessions in a week could be of benefit in the management of body composition and lipid profile. Nevertheless, interestingly, and importantly, those individuals with a higher baseline in systolic blood pressure, IL-6 and hs-CRP derived greatest benefit from the resistance training intervention, regardless of how many times-a-week they trained. Finally, the present study found no evidence that higher training frequency would induce greater benefit regarding inflammation markers or glycemic profile in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Ihalainen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Alistair Inglis
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mäkinen
- LIKES-Research Centre for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Robert U Newton
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Simon Walker
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Fortes LS, Costa MC, Ferreira MEC, Nascimento-Júnior JRA, Fiorese L, Lima-Júnior DRAA, Cyrino ES. Frequency of resistance training does not affect inhibitory control or improve strength in well-trained young adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206784. [PMID: 30388181 PMCID: PMC6214533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to compare the effects of resistance training frequency on cognitive inhibitory control in young adults with previous experience in the modality. Male participants (N = 36) were randomly placed into one of three experimental groups. Participants performed resistance training 1 (F1), 2 (F2), and 3 (F3) times per week for 24 weeks. The three groups performed exercises of equal intensity, volume-load, and rest duration. Cognitive inhibitory control (via Stroop test) was tested 72 h before (pre-experiment) and 72 h after (post-experiment) the resistance training program. No time vs. group interaction effects were noted for accuracy (F(4, 29) = 3.57, p = 0.18) or response time (F(4, 29) = 2.61, p = 0.06) on the Stroop test. These results indicate that increased resistance training frequency, when volume-load is kept constant, does not appear to potentiate cognitive inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S. Fortes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Manoel C. Costa
- Superior School of Physical Education, Pernambuco University, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria E. C. Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de For a, Juiz de For a, Brazil
| | | | - Lenamar Fiorese
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson S. Cyrino
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Fortes LDS, Costa MDC, Perrier-Melo RJ, Brito-Gomes JL, Nascimento-Júnior JRA, de Lima-Júnior DRAA, Cyrino ES. Effect of Volume in Resistance Training on Inhibitory Control in Young Adults: A Randomized and Crossover Investigation. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2028. [PMID: 30420820 PMCID: PMC6215847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study is to compare the effect of resistance training volume on inhibitory control in young adults with previous experience in resistance training. Method: All the 27 participants underwent 40-week experiment, divided in three training phases of 8-week duration. A washout period of 8 weeks between each of the training phases was carried out. The participants performed 1, 3, or 5 sets of the same exercises with equalized intensity (loading zones) and rest. Inhibitory control was assessed by the Stroop Test. Results: Interaction effect was found for inhibitory control accuracy [F(5,22) = 56.88, p < 0.01] and mean response time [F(5,22) = 83.02, p < 0.01] for 3 sets (p = 0.01; ES = 0.6) and 5 sets (p = 0.01; ES = 0.8) when compared to 1 set. Conclusion: In conclusion, 1 set of resistance training may provide insufficient volume stimulus for positive adaptation in inhibitory control when compared to 3 or 5 sets.
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Effects of Whey Protein Supplementation Associated With Resistance Training on Muscular Strength, Hypertrophy, and Muscle Quality in Preconditioned Older Women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 28:528-535. [PMID: 29252039 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of whey protein (WP) supplementation on muscular strength, hypertrophy, and muscular quality in older women preconditioned to resistance training (RT). In a randomized, double-blind, and placebo (PLA)-controlled design, 31 older women (67.4 ± 4.0 years, 62.0 ± 6.9 kg, 155.9 ± 5.7 cm, and 25.5 ± 2.4 kg/m2) received either 35 g of WP (n = 15) or 35 g of PLA (n = 16) over a 12-week study period while performing an RT program three times a week. Dietary intake, one-repetition maximum test, and skeletal muscle mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were assessed before and after the intervention period. Both groups showed significant (p < .05) improvements in skeletal muscle mass and total strength, and the WP group realized greater increases (p < .05) in these measures compared with PLA (skeletal muscle mass: WP = +4.8% vs. PLA = +2.3%; strength: WP = +8.7% vs. PLA = +4.9%). Muscular quality increased (p < .05) in both groups (WP = +2.9% vs. PLA = +1.5%) without statistical differences (p > .05) noted between conditions. We conclude that WP supplementation in combination with RT induces higher increases in both strength and hypertrophy in older women preconditioned to RT.
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Effect of protein intake beyond habitual intakes following resistance training on cardiometabolic risk disease parameters in pre-conditioned older women. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Cunha PM, Tomeleri CM, Nascimento MAD, Nunes JP, Antunes M, Nabuco HCG, Quadros Y, Cavalcante EF, Mayhew JL, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Improvement of cellular health indicators and muscle quality in older women with different resistance training volumes. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2843-2848. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1479103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M. Cunha
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Crisieli M. Tomeleri
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Matheus A. do Nascimento
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, Paraná State University – UNESPAR, Paranavaí, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Melissa Antunes
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Hellen C. G. Nabuco
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ygor Quadros
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edilaine F. Cavalcante
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Jerry L. Mayhew
- Exercise Science, Kirksville, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Luís B. Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motrcidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edilson S. Cyrino
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
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High intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) in older adults: Effects on body composition, strength, anabolic hormones and blood lipids. Exp Gerontol 2017; 98:91-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ribeiro AS, Schoenfeld BJ, Souza MF, Tomeleri CM, Silva AM, Teixeira DC, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Resistance training prescription with different load-management methods improves phase angle in older women. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:913-921. [PMID: 28394730 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1310932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. Ribeiro
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana F. Souza
- Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Crisieli M. Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Analiza M. Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Denílson C. Teixeira
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luís B. Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Edilson S. Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
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Crescent pyramid and drop-set systems do not promote greater strength gains, muscle hypertrophy, and changes on muscle architecture compared with traditional resistance training in well-trained men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:359-369. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Santos L, Ribeiro AS, Schoenfeld BJ, Nascimento MA, Tomeleri CM, Souza MF, Pina FLC, Cyrino ES. The improvement in walking speed induced by resistance training is associated with increased muscular strength but not skeletal muscle mass in older women. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:488-494. [PMID: 28068193 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1273394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to analyze whether improvements in fast walking speed induced by resistance training (RT) are associated with changes in body composition, muscle quality, and muscular strength in older women. METHODS Twenty-three healthy older women (69.6 ± 6.4 years, 64.95 ± 12.9 kg, 1.55 ± 0.07 m, 27.06 ± 4.6 kg/m²) performed a RT program for 8 weeks consisting of 8 exercises for the whole body, 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, 3 times a week. Anthropometric, body composition (fat-free mass [FFM], skeletal muscle mass [SMM], legs lean soft tissue [LLST], fat mass), knee extension muscular strength (KE1RM), muscle quality index (MQI [KE1RM/LLST]), and 10-meter walking test (10-MWT) were performed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Significant (P < .05) changes were observed from pre- to post-training for FFM (+1.6%), MQI (+7.2%), SMM (+2.4%), LLST (+1.8%), KE1RM (+8.6%), fat mass (-1.4%), and time to perform 10-MWT (-3.7%). The percentage change in 10-MWT was significantly associated with percentage change in MQI (r = -0.46, P = .04) and KE1RM (r = -0.45, P = .04), however not associated percentage of changes in SMM (r = 0.01, P = .97), LLST (r = -0.22, P = .33), and body fat (r = 0.10, P = .66). CONCLUSION We conclude that the improvement in the 10-MWT after an 8-week RT program is associated with increases in lower limb muscular strength and muscle quality, but not with muscle mass or body fat changes in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Santos
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil.,b Center for Research in Health Sciences , University of Northern Paraná , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- c Exercise Science Department , CUNY Lehman College , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Matheus A Nascimento
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Mariana F Souza
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Fábio L C Pina
- b Center for Research in Health Sciences , University of Northern Paraná , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil
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Resistance training improves inflammatory level, lipid and glycemic profiles in obese older women: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2016; 84:80-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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