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Meng S, He X, Fu X, Zhang X, Tong M, Li W, Zhang W, Shi X, Liu K. The prevalence of sarcopenia and risk factors in the older adult in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1415398. [PMID: 39161853 PMCID: PMC11331796 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the epidemiological information of a certain disease is the first step in related prevention and control work. This article aims to understand the prevalence and associated risk factors of sarcopenia among the older adult (≥60 years old) in China and to provide an evidence-based basis for early identification, management, and prevention of sarcopenia patients. Methods We searched seven databases: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from the establishment of the database until January 31, 2024. The Quality evaluation criteria of cross-sectional studies recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) were used for literature quality evaluation. Stata 18.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results We finally included 45 studies, involving a total of 37,571 cases. After statistical analysis, we found that the prevalence of sarcopenia among the older adult in China was 20.7% [95% CI (18.3, 23.0%)]. The results of subgroup analysis suggest that: ① According to gender, the prevalence rate of sarcopenia in women (21.6%) is higher than that in men (19.2%); ② According to age, the prevalence rate of older adult people aged ≥80 (45.4%) was the highest, followed by 70-79 (27.2%) and 60-69 (15.7%). ③ According to region, the prevalence rate of the older adult in the south (21.7%) is higher than that in the north (19.0%); ④ According to the time of publication, the prevalence of sarcopenia among the older adult in China has increased (from 19.2% in 2014-2018 to 21.4% in 2019-2024); ⑤ According to the diagnostic criteria, the detection rate of AWGS (2019) is higher than that of AWGS (2014) (24.5% vs. 19.3%). Finally, aging, low BMI, low leg circumference, smoking, depression, osteoporosis, malnutrition and malnutrition risk are all risk factors for sarcopenia among the older adult in China. Conclusion The prevalence of sarcopenia in the older adult in China was higher (20.7%), which should be paid attention to by relevant health authorities. In addition, aging, low BMI, low calf circumference, smoking, depression, osteoporosis, malnutrition and malnutrition risk are risk factors for the development of sarcopenia in the older adult in China. For these high-risk populations, early identification, prevention, and intervention can be carried out to delay the occurrence and progression of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Meng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinlei Fu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medical, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minghao Tong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Xianju Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Xianju Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Moreno-González R, Cruzado JM, Corsonello A, Fabbietti P, Tap L, Mattace-Raso F, Ärnlöv J, Carlsson AC, Guligowska A, Kostka T, Artzi-Medvedik R, Melzer I, Roller-Wirnsberger R, Wirnsberger G, Kob R, Sieber C, Lattanzio F, Formiga F. Kidney function and other associated factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: The SCOPE study. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 123:81-93. [PMID: 38103954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sarcopenia is associated with several factors and medical conditions among older adults, though previous research has shown limitations and inconsistencies, especially regarding chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the clinical and laboratory variables associated with sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia in older adults, focusing on kidney function measures. METHODS Data from community-dwelling adults aged ≥75 years participating in the SCOPE multicenter prospective cohort study were assessed cross-sectionally. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was conducted; sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, clinical variables and comorbidities, anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis, blood and urine laboratory variables were collected. EWGSOP2 revised criteria were used to define sarcopenia and its severity. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using creatinine and non-creatinine-based equations, and CKD stages were defined accordingly. RESULTS 1420 participants were included, prevalence of sarcopenia was 10.6 %, and 6 % had severe sarcopenia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age [OR =1.14; 95 %CI (1.09-1.19)], body mass index (BMI) [0.83 (0.79-0.88)], disability performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) [2.61 (1.69-4.06)], Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score <24 [2.75 (1.62-4.67)], osteoporosis [2.39 (1.55-3.67)], and stage 4 CKD defined by CKD-EPIBTP-B2M, a non-creatinine-based eGFR equation [2.88 (1.11-7.49)], were independently associated with sarcopenia; as were specifically with severe sarcopenia, with more pronounced associations. CONCLUSIONS In community-dwelling older adults, sarcopenia is a relevant condition and is associated with severe CKD, older age, IADL, cognitive impairments, osteoporosis and low BMI. These factors should be assessed for proper identification and management of older patients with sarcopenia, and even more so with severe sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moreno-González
- Geriatric Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Systemic Diseases and Ageing Group, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Systemic Diseases and Cellular Aging Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Cruzado
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Corsonello
- Center for Biostatistic and Applied Geriatric Clinical Epidemiology, Italian National Research Center on Ageing (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy; Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Ageing (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy and Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Center for Biostatistic and Applied Geriatric Clinical Epidemiology, Italian National Research Center on Ageing (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Lisanne Tap
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Mattace-Raso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden; Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Axel C Carlsson
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agnieszka Guligowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Rada Artzi-Medvedik
- Department of Nursing, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-sheva, Israel
| | - Itshak Melzer
- Department of Physical Therapy, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-sheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Robert Kob
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Cornel Sieber
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabrizia Lattanzio
- Scientific Direction, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesc Formiga
- Geriatric Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Systemic Diseases and Ageing Group, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Systemic Diseases and Cellular Aging Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Voulgaridou G, Tyrovolas S, Detopoulou P, Tsoumana D, Drakaki M, Apostolou T, Chatziprodromidou IP, Papandreou D, Giaginis C, Papadopoulou SK. Diagnostic Criteria and Measurement Techniques of Sarcopenia: A Critical Evaluation of the Up-to-Date Evidence. Nutrients 2024; 16:436. [PMID: 38337720 PMCID: PMC10856900 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive skeletal muscle mass and function decline, poses a significant health risk among the elderly, contributing to frailty, falls, hospitalization, loss of independence and mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies significantly based on various factors, such as living status, demographics, measurement techniques and diagnostic criteria. Although the overall prevalence is reported at 10% in individuals aged 60 and above, disparities exist across settings, with higher rates in nursing homes and hospitals. Additionally, the differences in prevalence between Asian and non-Asian countries highlight the impact of cultural and ethnic factors, and variations in diagnostic criteria, cut-off values and assessment methods contribute to the observed heterogeneity in reported rates. This review outlines diverse diagnostic criteria and several measurement techniques supporting decision making in clinical practice. Moreover, it facilitates the selection of appropriate tools to assess sarcopenia, emphasizing its multifactorial nature. Various scientific groups, including the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS), the American Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC), have published consensus papers outlining diverse definitions of sarcopenia. The choice of diagnostic criteria should be aligned with the specific objectives of the study or clinical practice, considering the characteristics of the study population and available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
- WHOCC Centre for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, Athanassaki 2, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Tsoumana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Mariella Drakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Thomas Apostolou
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, College of Health, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece;
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.D.)
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Shen J, Yang L, Li X, Li X, Tian X, Xiao H, Dai J. Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension and bone health in the Chinese elderly. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:844-853. [PMID: 37668764 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between diet and bone health, but research on the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern and bone health across populations is rare. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between the DASH dietary pattern and bone health outcomes in Chinese elders, to verify whether higher adherence to the DASH was associated with better bone health in elderly populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 839 Chinese adults aged 50 years and above participated in this cross-sectional study. Bone mineral density (BMD) at calcaneus was measured via ultrasonic bone densitometer. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the usual dietary intake in the past 12 months. The DASH score was calculated based on energy-adjusted intakes of nine dietary components, including whole grains, beans, vegetables, fruits, dairy, red meat, total fat, sodium, and sugar-sweetened beverages. RESULTS In postmenopausal women, DASH score was significantly and positively correlated with BMD T-score after controlling potential covariates (β: 0.027 ± 0.012, P = 0.031) in multivariable linear regression models. In binary logistic regression analysis, male participants in the highest tertile of DASH score had lower risk of osteoporosis than those in the lowest tertile (odds ratio = 0.499; 95% confidence interval, 0.262-0.951; P = 0.035) after adjusting potential covariates. CONCLUSION Adherence to the DASH dietary pattern was associated with better bone health in Chinese elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Changji City, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Changji City, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jianghong Dai
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Ozgur S, Altinok YA, Bozkurt D, Saraç ZF, Akçiçek SF. Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Sarcopenia Diagnosis in Older Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2699. [PMID: 37830737 PMCID: PMC10572141 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder. Early diagnosis is necessary to reduce the adverse effects and consequences of sarcopenia, which can help prevent and manage it in a timely manner. The aim of this study was to identify the important risk factors for sarcopenia diagnosis and compare the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms in the early detection of potential sarcopenia. METHODS A cross-sectional design was employed for this study, involving 160 participants aged 65 years and over who resided in a community. ML algorithms were applied by selecting 11 features-sex, age, BMI, presence of hypertension, presence of diabetes mellitus, SARC-F score, MNA score, calf circumference (CC), gait speed, handgrip strength (HS), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)-from a pool of 107 clinical variables. The results of the three best-performing algorithms were presented. RESULTS The highest accuracy values were achieved by the ALL (male + female) model using LightGBM (0.931), random forest (RF; 0.927), and XGBoost (0.922) algorithms. In the female model, the support vector machine (SVM; 0.939), RF (0.923), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN; 0.917) algorithms performed the best. Regarding variable importance in the ALL model, the last HS, sex, BMI, and MUAC variables had the highest values. In the female model, these variables were HS, age, MUAC, and BMI, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Machine learning algorithms have the ability to extract valuable insights from data structures, enabling accurate predictions for the early detection of sarcopenia. These predictions can assist clinicians in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ozgur
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
- Translational Pulmonary Research Center—EgeSAM, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Atik Altinok
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Devrim Bozkurt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Zeliha Fulden Saraç
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey; (Z.F.S.); (S.F.A.)
| | - Selahattin Fehmi Akçiçek
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey; (Z.F.S.); (S.F.A.)
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Wang B, Wei Y, Shao L, Li M, Zhang X, Li W, Zhao S, Xia X, Liu P. Association of dietary patterns and sarcopenia in the elderly population: a cross-sectional study. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1239945. [PMID: 37693853 PMCID: PMC10485369 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1239945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of muscle mass and strength, has been associated with increased hospitalization and mortality. Dietary pattern analysis is a whole diet approach which in this study was used to investigate the relationship between diet and sarcopenia. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia and explore possible factors associated with it among a large population in Beijing, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 1,059 participants aged more than 50 years was performed. Sarcopenia was defined based on the guidelines of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. The total score of the MNA-SF questionnaire was used to analyse nutrition status. The baseline demographic information, diet structure and eating habits were collected by clinicians trained in questionnaire data collection and anthropometric and bioimpedance measurements. Results: The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 8.8% and increased with age: 5%, 5.8%, 10.3% and 26.2% in the 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years groups, respectively. Marital status (with or without a spouse) was not an independent factor associated with sarcopenia adjusted by age and sex. However, nutritional risk or malnutrition, vegetable diet, advanced age and spicy eating habits were risk factors for sarcopenia. Meanwhile, daily fruit, dairy and nut consumption were protective factors against sarcopenia adjusted by age, sex, income status and spouse status. Conclusion: Although further studies are required to explore the association between healthy dietary patterns and the risk of sarcopenia, the present study provides basic data for identifying correlates of sarcopenia in elderly Chinese individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Menghan Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Geriatric Healthcare and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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Merle B, Cottard M, Sornay-Rendu E, Szulc P, Chapurlat R. Spondyloarthritis and Sarcopenia: Prevalence of Probable Sarcopenia and its Impact on Disease Burden: The Saspar Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:647-655. [PMID: 36944706 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the prevalence of probable, confirmed, and severe sarcopenia in spondyloarthritis (SpA), according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2019 (EWGSOP2) definition. A total of 103 patients (51% women) with SpA, mean age 47.1 ± 13.7 years, were included and compared to 103 age- and sex-matched controls. Grip strength was measured by dynamometry. Body composition was assessed by whole-body densitometry. In SpA patients gait speed was measured by the 4-m-distance walk test and quality of life was evaluated with a specific health-related questionnaire for sarcopenia (SaRQoL®). Twenty-two SpA patients (21%) versus 7 controls (7%) had a low grip strength, i.e., probable sarcopenia (p < 0.01), 15 SpA (15%) patients and 7 controls (7%) had low Skeletal Muscle mass Index (SMI) (ns), respectively, and 5 and 2% of SpA patients and controls had low grip strength and low SMI, i.e., confirmed sarcopenia (ns). All the sarcopenic SpA patients had a low gait speed, i.e., severe sarcopenia. Finally, probable sarcopenic SpA patients had significantly higher C-Reactive Protein (CRP, p < 0.001) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI score, p < 0.01), lower gait speed (p < 0.001), and SarQoL® score (p < 0.001) than SpA patients with normal grip strength. According to EWGSOP2 definition, the prevalence of probable sarcopenia was significantly higher in SpA patients compared to controls. Probable sarcopenia was associated with higher inflammation and disease activity, impaired muscle performance, and quality of life. These results suggest that muscle strength may be a salient hallmark in SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Merle
- INSERM UMR 1033-Université de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon, France.
| | - Marie Cottard
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pawel Szulc
- INSERM UMR 1033-Université de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon, France
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- INSERM UMR 1033-Université de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon, France
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon, France
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Sutil DV, Parentoni AN, Da Costa Teixeira LA, de Souza Moreira B, Leopoldino AAO, Mendonça VA, Lacerda ACR, Danielewicz AL, de Avelar NCP. Prevalence of sarcopenia in older women and level of agreement between the diagnostic instruments proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:182. [PMID: 36906535 PMCID: PMC10007796 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) proposed the use of different diagnostic tools to assess sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine prevalence rates of sarcopenia according to the diagnostic instruments proposed by EWGSOP2 and to assess their level of agreement in older Brazilian women. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 161 community-dwelling older Brazilian women. Probable sarcopenia was assessed through Handgrip Strength (HGS) and the 5-times sit-to-stand test (5XSST). In addition to reduced strength, Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (ASM) (obtained by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and ASM/height² were considered for diagnosis confirmation. Sarcopenia severity was determined by reduced muscle strength and mass and poor functional performance assessed by Gait Speed (GS), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). McNemar's test and Cochran's Q-test were used to compare sarcopenia prevalence. Cohen's Kappa and Fleiss's Kappa tests were used to assess the level of agreement. RESULTS The prevalence of probable sarcopenia was significantly different (p < 0.05) when using HGS (12.8%) and 5XSST (40.6%). Regarding confirmed sarcopenia, the prevalence was lower when using ASM/height² than with ASM. Regarding severity, the use of SPPB resulted in a higher prevalence in relation to GS and TUG. CONCLUSION There were differences in the prevalence rates of sarcopenia and low agreement between the diagnostic instruments proposed by the EWGSOP2. The findings suggest that these issues must be considered in the discussion on the concept and assessment of sarcopenia, which could ultimately help to better identify patients with this disease in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Vieira Sutil
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Federal University of Santa Catarina), Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriana Netto Parentoni
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys), Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Augusto Da Costa Teixeira
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys), Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Souza Moreira
- Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento (Center for Studies in Public Health and Aging), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Minas Gerais (Federal University of Minas Gerais and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Minas Gerais), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys), Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys), Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Danielewicz
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Federal University of Santa Catarina), 3201 Jardim das Avenidas - Araranguá, CEP: 88.906-072, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Núbia Carelli Pereira de Avelar
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Federal University of Santa Catarina), 3201 Jardim das Avenidas - Araranguá, CEP: 88.906-072, Araranguá, SC, Brazil.
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9
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Yang Y, Xiao M, Leng L, Jiang S, Feng L, Pan G, Li Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Wen Y, Wu D, Yang Y, Huang P. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and correlation of mild cognitive impairment in sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:45-56. [PMID: 36529141 PMCID: PMC9891948 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disorder involving the loss of muscle mass and function, associated with an increased risk of disability and frailty. Though its prevalence in dementia has been studied, its occurrence in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been well established. As MCI is often a prelude to dementia, our study aims to investigate the prevalence of MCI among individuals with sarcopenia and to also ascertain whether sarcopenia is independently associated with MCI. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for articles on MCI and/or sarcopenia published from inception to 1 February 2022. We reviewed the available literature on the number of individuals with MCI and/or sarcopenia and calculated odds ratios (ORs) of sarcopenia in MCI and MCI in sarcopenia, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using the meta package in Stata, Version 12.0. A total of 13 studies and 27 428 patients were included in our analysis. The pooled prevalence of MCI in participants with sarcopenia was 20.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.140-0.269) in a total sample of 2923 cases with a high level of heterogeneity (P < 0.001; I2 = 95.4%). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia with MCI was 9.1% (95% CI: 0.047-0.134, P < 0.001; I2 = 93.0%). For overall ORs, there were 23 364 subjects with a mean age of 73 years; the overall adjusted OR between MCI and sarcopenia was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.31-1.62). Slight heterogeneity in both adjusted ORs (P = 0.46; I2 = 0%) was noted across the studies. The prevalence of MCI is relatively high in patients with sarcopenia, and sarcopenia may be a risk factor for MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China.,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Xiao
- College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shixie Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Gaofeng Pan
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Yanting Wen
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China.,Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongxue Yang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Huang
- College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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10
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Wong BWX, Thu WPP, Chan YH, Logan SJS, Cauley JA, Yong EL. Association of sarcopenia with important health conditions among community-dwelling Asian women. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281144. [PMID: 36716336 PMCID: PMC9886252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine sarcopenia prevalence using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS) and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) definitions, and their associations with important health conditions affecting midlife Singaporean women. Muscle mass and function were objectively assessed in 1201 healthy community-dwelling subjects aged 45-69 years under the Integrated Women's Health Program (IWHP). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), handgrip strength and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were measured, and the relationship between sarcopenia with hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), osteoporosis, depression/anxiety, and urinary incontinence were examined using binary logistic regression models. Sarcopenia prevalence was 18.0% and 7.7% by the AWGS and FNIH criteria respectively. Osteoporosis (aOR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.94) and T2DM (aOR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.42) was positively associated with AWGS- and FNIH-defined sarcopenia respectively, while hypertension was not, after adjustment for age, ethnicity, education levels and menopausal status. A negative percent agreement of 95.6% suggests good agreement between the criteria in the absence of sarcopenia. Even though they represent a single concept, sarcopenia by either criterion differed in their relationships with diabetes and osteoporosis, suggesting the need for further rationalization of diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Wen-Xin Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Win Pa Pa Thu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susan Jane Sinclair Logan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jane A. Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Eu-Leong Yong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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11
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Chandrashekhar Iyer L, Vaishali K, Babu AS. Prevalence of sarcopenia in heart failure: A systematic review. Indian Heart J 2023; 75:36-42. [PMID: 36567064 PMCID: PMC9986732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heart Failure (HF) is emerging as a crucial factor promoting muscle wasting and dysfunction contributing to sarcopenia. This modulates disease severity and reduces exercise capacity and leading to poorer outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to systematically investigate the overall prevalence of sarcopenia in HF. METHODS An electronic search was carried out in selected databases until 21st January, 2021. Data was pooled from the included articles and represented as pooled prevalence of sarcopenia. Subgroup analysis was undertaken between methods of diagnosis of sarcopenia, gender, ejection fraction, median time point and geographical region. RESULTS Amongst 32,643 citations imported from selected databases, 12 articles were included in final analysis. Analysis for prevalence of sarcopenia was 34%, with prevalence rates ranging from 10.1% to 68%. Subgroup analysis revealed strong associations between Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) (chi square = 3.24; p < 0.001), with a good level of agreement (kappa = 0.76 [95% CI: 0.70-0.82]; p < 0.001). Gender wise analysis revealed higher prevalence of sarcopenia among males (66%) than females (34%). CONCLUSION Sarcopenia is highly prevalent among those with HF (irrespective of type of HF) and is more commonly seen in males compared to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshman Chandrashekhar Iyer
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; MGM College of Physiotherapy, Sector 30, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Vaishali
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Abraham Samuel Babu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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12
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He X, Song Y, Ma L, Ainsworth BE, Liu Y, Chen N. Prevalence and Factors Influencing Sarcopenia Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia Definition. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1707-1727. [PMID: 36471806 PMCID: PMC9719269 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s388319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the prevalence and impact of related factors for sarcopenia among community-dwelling older people in Chongming district, China, according to the diagnostic criteria of the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia-2019. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study from April 2021 to December 2021. Diagnosis of sarcopenia (non-sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia) was based on appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, handgrip strength, gait speed, and the 5-time chair stand test. Staff collected all subjects' clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, inflammatory markers, physical activity (PA), and daily lifestyle activities to identify sarcopenia-related factors. RESULTS A total of 1407 older people aged ≥ 65 years were enrolled into the study (58.7% female). The prevalence of confirmed sarcopenia was 19.6% (17.1% in females and 23.1% in males). The prevalence of possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia were 19.7% (22.2% in females, 16.2% in males), 11.9% (10.1% in females, 14.5% in males), and 7.7% (7% in females, 8.6% in males), respectively. Increasing age, gender, depression status, and high-fat mass were associated with an increased likelihood of sarcopenia in all subjects. In females, living alone, high-fat mass, lower body mass index (BMI), lower body weight, and have no time spent doing housework increased the likelihood of sarcopenia. In males, depression status, high-fat mass, higher neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR), lower BMI, lower body weight increased the likelihood of sarcopenia. CONCLUSION Our study showed a high prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older people in the Chongming district. Detection, prevention, and treatment efforts are needed to reduce the impact of sarcopenia in older, rural communities in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Song
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yu Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Valent D, Peball M, Krismer F, Lanbach A, Zemann S, Horlings C, Poewe W, Seppi K. Different assessment tools to detect sarcopenia in patients with Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1014102. [DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1014102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSarcopenia and Parkinson's disease are closely related diseases of the elderly population leading to progressive disability and nursing-dependent care.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in PD patients with three different approaches: (1) the screening tool SARC-F, (2) EWGSOP-1 criteria, and (3) EWGSOP-2 criteria. Moreover, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the screening tool SARC-F to detect sarcopenia according to the updated EWGSOP-2 criteria.MethodsEighty-one patients with Parkinson's disease aged 65 years and above were interviewed in a cross-sectional study at a tertiary referral center. All patients were screened with the SARC-F questionnaire and were evaluated for motor and non-motor symptoms, exercise, quality of life, and frailty. Muscle mass was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength with a dynamometer, and gait speed was assessed with the 8-m walk test. EWGSOP-2 criteria were considered the gold standard to diagnose sarcopenia in our study.ResultsEighty-one patients were evaluated (mean age: 73.82; SD 5.30). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 28.4% according to the EWGSOP-2 criteria. The concordance between EWGSOP-2 and EWGSOP-1 was poor (weighted kappa of 0.361[95% 0.164–0.557]). The sensitivity of the SARC-F screening test for detecting sarcopenia was 60.9%. The corresponding AUC in the ROC curve analysis showed 0.598 (0.462, 0.734 CI). The item assessing strength was found to have the highest sensitivity (69.6%).ConclusionSarcopenia prevalence in patients with PD in Tirol, Austria is higher with EWGSOP-1 criteria compared to EWGSOP-2 criteria. The sensitivity and specificity of the SARC-F scale to detect sarcopenia in this population are poor.
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14
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Cao M, Lian J, Lin X, Liu J, Chen C, Xu S, Ma S, Wang F, Zhang N, Qi X, Xu G, Peng N. Prevalence of sarcopenia under different diagnostic criteria and the changes in muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function with age in Chinese old adults. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:889. [PMID: 36418979 PMCID: PMC9682713 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, there are several diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia were used in China, and the diagnostic criteria were not unified. This study aims to investigate the consistency between the latest sarcopenia diagnostic criteria Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia(AWGS 2019) and other common diagnostic criteria. The changes of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical function with age and their effects on the diagnosis of sarcopenia were also analyzed. METHODS A total of 1009 men aged ≥60 years were enrolled from multiple communities. Skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength and 6 m gait speed were measured. The consistency of AWGS 2019 with other diagnostic criteria was analyzed and the trends of these three indicators were observed. The differences of muscle mass, muscle strength and function among different diagnostic criteria and age groups were evaluated. In addition, the change trends of these three indicators with age were observed. RESULTS According to AWGS 2019 diagnostic criteria, the incidence of sarcopenia in male aged 60-69 years, 70-79 years and over 80 years was 1.5%, 9.6% and 33.1%, respectively. AWGS 2019 was highly consistent with other diagnostic criteria (Kappa = 0.66-0.80, P < 0.01), except the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health(FNIH) (Kappa = 0.32, P < 0.01). When AWGSA2019 diagnostic criteria are applied, the prevalence of decreased muscle strength (39.1%) and physical function (46.4%) was significantly higher than that of low muscle mass (35.9%) in the men over 80 years old. Muscle strength (P < 0.01) and function (P < 0.01) decreased at the same rate with age, both of which were more significant than muscle mass (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION AWGS 2019 was highly consistent with other criteria. Maintaining muscle mass should be the focus of attention before age 80, while improving muscle strength and function should be focused after age 80 to prevent disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Cao
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junsong Lian
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894The Ninth Health Care Department, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xisheng Lin
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwei Liu
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Medical school of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Chen
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Medical school of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaixuan Xu
- grid.412990.70000 0004 1808 322XInstitute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan China
| | - Shuang Ma
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Medical school of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nihui Zhang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Qi
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Nursing Department, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guogang Xu
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Peng
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Pereira CC, Pagotto V, de Oliveira C, Silveira EA. Sarcopenia and mortality risk in community-dwelling Brazilian older adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17531. [PMID: 36266412 PMCID: PMC9585028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We estimated the impact of sarcopenia parameters on mortality risk and assessed its prevalence and associated factors in the older adults according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People's 2010 (EWGSOP1) and 2018 (EWGSOP2) criteria. This was a 10-year follow-up cohort study. Low muscle mass (MM) was defined as low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and low calf circumference (CC). Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier method were performed. The prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors were influenced by the MM measurement method and diagnostic criteria used [6.8% (SMI and EWGSOP2), 12.8% (CC and EWGSOP2; and SMI and EWGSOP1) and 17.4% (CC and EWGSOP1)]. While a low BMI was associated with sarcopenia regardless of the sarcopenia definitions, diabetes, and high TGs were associated with sarcopenia only when using the EWGSOP1 criteria. Low SMI increased mortality risk (EWGSOP1: HR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.03-3.92; EWGSOP2: HR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.05-4.06). The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher according to EWGSOP1 than EWGSOP2. A low BMI, diabetes, and high TGs were associated with sarcopenia. A low SMI doubled the risk of mortality in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Camargo Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiania, Brazil
| | - Valéria Pagotto
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiania, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiania, Brazil.
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Impact of Using Population-Specific Cut-Points, Self-Reported Health, and Socio-Economic Parameters to Predict Sarcopenia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Community-Dwelling Kosovans Aged 60 Years and Older. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195579. [PMID: 36233448 PMCID: PMC9572927 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-related decline of muscle strength, mass, and physical performance (sarcopenia) has been raising concerns among the scientific and healthcare communities. This decline may differ between populations, age groups, and sexes. Therefore, we aimed to explore sarcopenia together with the impact of health and socio-economic parameters in mature Kosovans. A cross-sectional study was conducted on community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 60 years (n = 240, 47.1% female) from the Prishtina region. Sarcopenia was identified using the following criteria: (i) the European Working Group in Sarcopenia for Older People (EWGSOP1), (ii) the revised EWGSOP2 algorithms, and (iii) sex-specific cut-points derived from the Kosovan population. In males, pre-sarcopenia/probable sarcopenia was detected from the EWGSOP1, EWGSOP2 and Kosovan-specific criteria at values of 3.1%, 5.5%, and 28.3%; sarcopenia was detected at 1.6%, 5.5%, and 0.0%, and severe sarcopenia was detected at 4.7%, 2.4%, and 4.7%, respectively. Pre-sarcopenia was lower in females (0.9%, 5.3%, 16.8%), with no cases of sarcopenia or severe sarcopenia detected by either algorithm. Sarcopenic males were older, had a lower weight, BMI, skeletal muscle mass, performance score, nutritional status (p < 0.001), educational level (p = 0.035), and higher malnourishment risk (p = 0.005). It is notable that high overweight and obesity levels were also detected (93.8% of females, 77.1% of males). This study highlights the importance of using population-specific cut-points when diagnosing sarcopenia, as otherwise its occurrence may be underestimated, especially in obese persons. Age, body composition, physical performance, health, and socio-economic conditions can influence the occurrence of sarcopenia.
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Spexoto MCB, Ramírez PC, de Oliveira Máximo R, Steptoe A, de Oliveira C, Alexandre TDS. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2010 (EWGSOP1) and 2019 (EWGSOP2) criteria or slowness: which is the best predictor of mortality risk in older adults? Age Ageing 2022; 51:6649128. [PMID: 35906934 PMCID: PMC9338689 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives to analyse the accuracy of grip strength and gait speed in identifying mortality; to compare the association between mortality and sarcopenia defined by the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 using the best cut-off found in the present study and those recommended in the literature and to test whether slowness is better than these two definitions to identify the risk of death in older adults. Methods a longitudinal study was conducted involving 6,182 individuals aged 60 or older who participated in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Sarcopenia was defined based on the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 using different cut-off for low muscle strength (LMS). Mortality was analysed in a 14-year follow-up. Results compared with the LMS definitions in the literature (<32, <30, <27 and < 26 kg for men; <21, <20 and < 16 kg for women), the cut-off of <36 kg for men (sensitivity = 58.59%, specificity = 72.96%, area under the curve [AUC] = 0.66) and < 23 kg for women (sensitivity = 68.90%, specificity = 59.03%, AUC = 0.64) as well as a low gait speed (LGS) ≤0.8 m/s (sensitivity = 53.72%, specificity = 74.02%, AUC = 0.64) demonstrated the best accuracy for mortality. Using the cut-off found in the present study, probable sarcopenia [HR = 1.30 (95%CI: 1.16–1.46)], sarcopenia [HR = 1.48 (95%CI: 1.24–1.78)] and severe sarcopenia [HR = 1.78 (95%CI: 1.49–2.12)] according to EWGSOP2 were better predictors of mortality risk than EWGSOP1. LGS ≤0.8 m/s was a better mortality risk predictor only when LMS was defined by low cut-off. Conclusions using LMS <36 kg for men and < 23 kg for women and LGS ≤ 0.8 m/s, EWGSOP2 was the best predictor for mortality risk in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Claudia Bernardes Spexoto
- Food, Nutrition and Health Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil.,Gerontology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Paula Camila Ramírez
- Escuela de Fisioterapia, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Physical Therapy Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tiago da Silva Alexandre
- Gerontology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil.,Physical Therapy Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
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18
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Lim SK, Kong S. Prevalence, physical characteristics, and fall risk in older adults with and without possible sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1365-1371. [PMID: 35133613 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus redefined the sarcopenia including possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia and grip strength cutoff value by sex. AIMS This study aimed to assess the prevalence, physical characteristics, physical fitness, and fall risk in older adults living in local communities, with possible sarcopenia using the diagnostic criteria suggested by the AWGS 2WG. METHODS A total of 431 participants (123 men and 308 women) aged 65-97 years were enrolled in this study. Based on the diagnostic criteria of possible sarcopenia suggested by AWGS 2, study participants were divided into normal and possible sarcopenia (grip strength: < 28 kg and < 18 kg for men and women, respectively) groups. Independent t-tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare the differences between the two groups. RESULTS The possible prevalence of sarcopenia was 23.7%. Possible sarcopenia was present in older adults with lower weight, body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass, and fat-free mass (P < 0.05) than those in the normal group. Older men with possible sarcopenia had poorer upper and lower body strength, aerobic endurance, lower body flexibility, agility and dynamic balance, and a higher fall risk than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). Older women with possible sarcopenia had a 2.5-fold and 3.3-fold higher fall risk than women in the normal group in both an unadjusted model (P = 0.001) and in a model adjusted for age and BMI (P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in fall risk among older men. CONCLUSION The diagnostic criteria suggested by AWGS 2 may be highly useful for screening for declining physical function.
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Fernandes LV, Paiva AEG, Silva ACB, de Castro IC, Santiago AF, de Oliveira EP, Porto LCJ. Prevalence of sarcopenia according to EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 in older adults and their associations with unfavorable health outcomes: a systematic review. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:505-514. [PMID: 34398438 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) recently updated the definition and diagnostic criteria to assess sarcopenia, which can result in important changes in sarcopenia prevalence in older adults. AIM To compare the prevalence of sarcopenia through the diagnostic criteria and definition proposed by the first (EWGSOP1) and recent (EWGSOP2) European consensus in older adults. We also aimed to evaluate which sarcopenia consensus is better associated with unfavorable health outcomes. METHODS The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Embase, Medline (PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science were searched from 2018 to February 2021. The systematic review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020213303). The search, selection, and evaluation processes were done in a duplicate and independent manner. RESULTS Of the 298 potentially eligible articles, 9 were included in this review. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 17.7% by EWGSOP1 and 11% by EWGSOP2. Evaluating all the studies, the sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 6.2 to 35.3% for the EWGSOP1, and from 3.2 to 26.3% for the EWGSOP2. Five studies have evaluated the association between the prevalence of sarcopenia (EWGSOP1 versus EWGSOP2) and unfavorable health outcomes, in which three studies showed that EWGSOP1 was better associated with increased risk of hospitalization and/or mortality. CONCLUSION In comparison with EWGSOP1, the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults decreased when diagnosed according to EWGSOP2. Based on limited evidence, EWGSOP2 seems to be worse for predicting unfavorable outcomes compared with EWGSOP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vilar Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health-PPGNS, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Clara Borges Silva
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Isabela Coelho de Castro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health-PPGNS, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Andrezza Fernanda Santiago
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health-PPGNS, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Erick P de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Exercise and Health (LaNES), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laura Cristina Jardim Porto
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health-PPGNS, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil.
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Ackermans LL, Rabou J, Basrai M, Schweinlin A, Bischoff S, Cussenot O, Cancel-Tassin G, Renken R, Gómez E, Sánchez-González P, Rainoldi A, Boccia G, Reisinger K, Ten Bosch JA, Blokhuis TJ. Screening, Diagnosis and Monitoring of Sarcopenia: when to use which tool? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 48:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cheong MJ, Kang Y, Kim S, Kang HW. Systematic Review of Diagnostic Tools and Interventions for Sarcopenia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020199. [PMID: 35206814 PMCID: PMC8871976 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of rare incurable diseases is important. Specific evaluation methods and standards for sarcopenia differ according to each sarcopenia-related medical association. This study aimed to identify the tools that are currently used to diagnose sarcopenia and to systematically review various interventions for sarcopenia. We intended to provide basic information to help establish standard diagnostic and therapeutic methods for sarcopenia. We collected and analyzed published journal articles, including gray literature and dissertations, from 11 domestic and international databases. The search terms were “sarcopenia/sarcopenic”, “combined (complex/circuit) exercise”, “resistance (muscle) exercise”, and “aerobic exercise”. The tools used for sarcopenia diagnosis were inconsistent across the studies. Circuit exercise combined with aerobic exercise and strength training was the most common intervention method, followed by strength training and aerobic exercise. We identified several diagnostic and evaluation criteria across the articles. Essentially, this systematic review confirms the importance of diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and compares interventions. Hopefully, the criteria for the diagnosis and evaluation of sarcopenia will become clear in the future. In addition, the results of this study may provide basic information for rehabilitation treatment for rare and incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Joo Cheong
- Rare Diseases Integrative Treatment Research Institute, Wonkwang University Jangheung Integrative Medical Hospital, Iksan 59338, Korea;
| | - Yeonseok Kang
- Department of Medical History, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Sungchul Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine & Inam Neuroscience Research Center, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo City 15865, Korea;
| | - Hyung Won Kang
- Rare Diseases Integrative Treatment Research Institute, Wonkwang University Jangheung Integrative Medical Hospital, Iksan 59338, Korea;
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine & Inam Neuroscience Research Center, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo City 15865, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-390-2762; Fax: +82-31-390-2319
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Vágnerová T, Michálková H, Dvořáčková O, Topinková E. Comparison between EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 criteria and modelling of diagnostic algorithm for sarcopenic obesity in over 70 years old patients. Eur Geriatr Med 2022; 13:641-648. [PMID: 34988910 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-021-00602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sarcopenic obesity (SO) as a new diagnostic entity defined by presence of obesity in combination with sarcopenia represents serious health condition negatively affecting quality of life in old age. Despite the rapidly increasing incidence of SO associated with demographic aging, clear diagnostic criteria for SO have not yet been established. We describe here the applicability of the EWGSOP2 and EWGSOP1 diagnostic criteria in identifying sarcopenia and SO and the development of a refinement algorithm for SO detection. METHODS In total 156 subjects were pre-screened, 126 had a complete dataset and were included, 20.6% (n = 26) were men and 79.4% (n = 100) women, mean age 81 ± 6.3 years in tertiary hospital, Prague, Czech Republic. Testing of physical performance (hand-grip test, 400 m walk test, chair stand test, gait speed), anthropometric measures and SARC-F, SPPB and MNA-SF were used to determine physical, functional, and nutritional status, while muscle mass and fat mass were measured by DXA scans to confirm sarcopenia and SO diagnosis. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia (BMI adjusted ALM < 0.789 for men, < 0.512 for women) was 26.2% (n = 33), SO in 20.6% (n = 26). 78.8% of all sarcopenic subjects fulfilled the criteria of SO (FM > 27% for men and > 38% for women; waist circumference > 90 cm for men and > 85 cm for women). EWGSOP1 criteria for diagnosing sarcopenia showed better sensitivity of 97.0% than the EWGSOP2 66.7%, while specificity reached 100% for both criteria. According to DXA measurement, EWGSOP1 identified 3.0% cases (1 out of 33) as false negative meanwhile EWGSOP2 identified 33.3% cases as false negative and this difference was statistically significant (McNemar's test, p < 0.001). An algorithm for SO was developed (which uses sex, BMI, height, waist circumference and SPPB) with sensitivity and specificity of 88.5 and 91.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION High prevalence of obesity among elderly people and rather low sensitivity of current diagnostic criteria for SO call for ongoing research. Broader international consensus for SO diagnostic criteria, screening and diagnosis algorithm are crucial for early detection of SO in older people in clinical practice so that optimal multi-component therapy can be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Vágnerová
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Londýnská 545/15, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Londýnská 545/15, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Michálková
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Londýnská 545/15, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Emergency Care, University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, J. Boreckého 1167, 370 11, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Dvořáčková
- Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Public Health, University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, J. Boreckého 1167, 370 11, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Topinková
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Londýnská 545/15, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Emergency Care, University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, J. Boreckého 1167, 370 11, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Remelli F, Maietti E, Abete P, Bellelli G, Bo M, Cherubini A, Corica F, Di Bari M, Maggio M, Rizzo MR, Rossi AP, Landi F, Volpato S. Prevalence of obesity and diabetes in older people with sarcopenia defined according to EWGSOP2 and FNHI criteria. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:113-120. [PMID: 34398439 PMCID: PMC8795057 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Although the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is increasing, nowadays a universally accepted definition still does not exist. Because, this clinical entity is defined as the combination of obesity and sarcopenia, the diagnosis appears to be strictly linked to criteria used for sarcopenia and the available prevalence data are not uniform. To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in older persons according to EWGSOP2 and FNIH criteria. Second, to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes in patients with sarcopenia diagnosed by the two definitions.
Methods Observational multicenter study performed in 2014 on older patients admitted to 12 Italian hospitals (GLISTEN Study). Data were collected through standardized questionnaires, which assessed: socio-demographic data, cognitive status, functional abilities, pharmacological therapy, comorbidities, and blood tests. Moreover, muscle mass and strength and physical performance were evaluated.
Results Six hundred and ten were included in the analyses. Among sarcopenic patients, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 30.8% with FNIH and 0% with EWGSOP2 criteria. According to EWGSOP2 criteria, 23.7% of sarcopenic and 30.8% of non-sarcopenic patients were affected by diabetes (p = 0.101); otherwise, using FNIH criteria, 36.3% of sarcopenic and 26.9% of non-sarcopenic patients were diabetic (p = 0.030). After adjustment for potential confounders, diabetic patients had a 73% higher probability of being sarcopenic according to FNIH criteria (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.13–2.64).
Conclusions The EWGSOP2 and FNIH sarcopenia criteria are differently related to the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. The EWGSOP2 criteria seem to be not suitable to identify people with sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Remelli
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro, 9, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Maietti
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro, 9, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Abete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bellelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, and Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Mario Bo
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per l'Invecchiamento, , IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Corica
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Bari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Aging, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Geriatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Geriatrics and Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggio
- Department Medicine and Surgery, Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro, 9, 44124, Ferrara, Italy.
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Fernandes S, Rodrigues da Silva E, New York B, Macedo P, Gonçalves R, Camara S, Larco R, Maciel A. Cutoff Points for Grip Strength in Screening for Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older-Adults: A Systematic Review. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:452-460. [PMID: 35587757 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, different cutoff points for handgrip strength (HGS) have been used to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia. In addition, the variability of equipment and protocols for this assessment can significantly influence the early detection of this important public health problem. Thus, this review aims to identify the different cutoff points for HGS adopted for older men and women in screening for sarcopenia. OBJECTIVES this review aims to identify the different cutoff points for HGS adopted for older men and women in screening for sarcopenia. METHODS In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 recommendations, which included published studies from the last 10 years, from 6 databases, in 3 different languages. RESULTS 19.730 references were identified, of which 62 were included for the review. All references analyzed used algorithms and definitions of sarcopenia already known in the literature. Of the studies found, 16 chose to develop cutoff values for HGS based on their own population. The variation in cutoff points was evident when compared between gender and regions of the world. CONCLUSION It has become evident that there is a variability of normative values for HGS in sarcopenia screening. In addition, this systematic review shows the difference in the cutoff points used between the consensuses and those developed for each population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernandes
- Sabrina Fernandes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil,
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25
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Qaisar R, Abu-Libdeh W, Khrais J, Suwan L, Hamdan F, Qandil A, Kaml A, Alsabbagh G, Alsaied S, Ebedin M, Aburuf S, Bakir M, Awad R, Yasin F, Muhammad T. Relation of plasma high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol with sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_62_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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A Multifactorial Approach for Sarcopenia Assessment: A Literature Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121354. [PMID: 34943268 PMCID: PMC8698408 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Sarcopenia is characterized by an accelerated decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which results in poor quality of life, disability, and death. In the literature, sarcopenia is defined as the progressive breakdown of muscle tissue. The prevalence ranges from 5% to 13% in people 60–70 years old and from 11% to 50% in people older than 80 years. The comparison of risk factors associated with sarcopenia based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia (1 and 2) in Older People, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (1 and 2), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia, and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health revealed no consistent patterns. Accordingly, the identification of a single risk factor for sarcopenia is unpredictable. Due to its “multifactorial” pathogenesis related to the involvement of a multitude of factors. In this review, we summarize 13 relevant risk factors associated with this disease that are important to consider prior to embarking on any related sarcopenia research. We suggest that researchers should concentrate on the biology of sarcopenia to develop a uniform consensus for screening this condition. In this review, we identify 50 biochemical markers across six pathways that have previously been investigated in subjects with sarcopenia. We suggest that these summarized biomarkers can be considered in future diagnosis to determine the biology of this disorder, thereby contributing to further research findings. As a result, a uniform consensus may also need to be established for screening and defining the disease. Sarcopenia is associated with a number of adverse economic and social outcomes, including disability, hospitalization, and death. In relation to this, we propose that we need to develop strategies including exercise interventions in the COVID-19 era to delay the onset and effects of sarcopenia. This suggestion should impact on sarcopenia’s primary and secondary outcomes, including physical, medical, social, and financial interactions. Abstract Sarcopenia refers to a progressive and generalized weakness of skeletal muscle as individuals age. Sarcopenia usually occurs after the age of 60 years and is associated with a persistent decline in muscle strength, function, and quality. A comparison of the risk factors associated with sarcopenia based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia (1 and 2) in Older People, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (1 and 2), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia, and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health revealed no consistent patterns. Accordingly, the identification of a single risk factor for sarcopenia is unpredictable due to its “multifactorial” pathogenesis, with the involvement of a multitude of factors. Therefore, the first aim of this review was to outline and propose that the multiple factors associated with sarcopenia need to be considered in combination in the design of new experimentation in this area. A secondary aim was to highlight the biochemical risk factors that are already identified in subjects with sarcopenia to assist scientists in understanding the biology of the pathophysiological mechanisms affecting the old people with sarcopenia. We also briefly discuss primary outcomes (physical) and secondary outcomes (social and financial) of sarcopenia. For future investigative purposes, this comprehensive review may be useful in considering important risk factors in the utilization of a panel of biomarkers emanating from all pathways involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. This may help to establish a uniform consensus for screening and defining this disease. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, its impact may be exacerbated in older populations, which requires immediate attention. Here, we briefly suggest strategies for advancing the development of smart technologies to deliver exercise in the COVID-19 era in an attempt regress the onset of sarcopenia. These strategies may also have an impact on sarcopenia’s primary and secondary outcomes.
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Lu L, Mao L, Feng Y, Ainsworth BE, Liu Y, Chen N. Effects of different exercise training modes on muscle strength and physical performance in older people with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:708. [PMID: 34911483 PMCID: PMC8672633 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the effects of different exercise modes (resistance training [RT], whole body vibration training [WBVT], and mixed training [MT, resistance training combined with other exercises such as balance, endurance and aerobic training]) on muscle strength (knee extension strength [KES]) and physical performance (Timed Up and Go [TUG], gait speed [GS] and the Chair Stand [CS]) in older people with sarcopenia. METHOD All studies published from January 2010 to March 2021 on the effects of exercise training in older people with sarcopenia were retrieved from 6 electronic databases: Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pooled analyses for pre- and post- outcome measurements were performed using Review Manager 5.4 with standardized mean differences (SMDs) and fixed-effect models. RESULT Twenty-six studies (25 randomized controlled trails [RCTs] and one non-randomized controlled trail) were included in this study with 1191 older people with sarcopenia (mean age 60.6 ± 2.3 to 89.5 ± 4.4). Compared with a control group, RT and MT significantly improved KES (RT, SMD = 1.36, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 0.71 to 2.02, p < 0.0001, I2 = 72%; MT, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.95, p = 0.0002, I2 = 56%) and GS (RT, SMD = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.97, p < 0.0001, I2 = 84%; MT, SMD = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.29 to 1.09, p = 0.008, I2 = 81%). WBVT showed no changes in KES (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI: - 0.02 to 1.31, p = 0.06, I2 = 80%) or GS (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI: - 0.15 to 0.39, p = 0.38, I2 = 0%). TUG times were significantly improved with all exercise training modes (SMD = -0.66, 95% CI: - 0.94 to - 0.38, p < 0.00001, I2 = 60%). There were no changes in CS times with any of the exercise training modes (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI: - 0.36 to 0.57, p = 0.65, I2 = 87%). CONCLUSIONS In older people with sarcopenia, KES and GS can be improved by RT and MT, but not by WBVT. All three training modes improved TUG times, but not improved CS times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, 202150, China
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, 202150, China.
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Lampignano L, Bortone I, Castellana F, Donghia R, Guerra V, Zupo R, De Pergola G, Di Masi M, Giannelli G, Lozupone M, Panza F, Boeing H, Sardone R. Impact of Different Operational Definitions of Sarcopenia on Prevalence in a Population-Based Sample: The Salus in Apulia Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412979. [PMID: 34948590 PMCID: PMC8700814 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP1) issued its first operational definition to diagnose sarcopenia. This was updated in 2019 with a revised sequence of muscle mass and muscle strength (EWGSOP2). The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of these different operational definitions on sarcopenia prevalence in a representative population-based sample. Methods: For each algorithm, the prevalence of sarcopenia-related categories was calculated and related to sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, anthropometric parameters, and laboratory biomarkers. The present analysis used data from the Salus in Apulia Study (Italy, 740 subjects, mean age 75.5 ± 5.9 years, 54% women). Results: The application of the EWGSOP1 adapted algorithm resulted in 85% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 82–88%] non-sarcopenic subjects, 10% (95% CI: 8–12%) pre-sarcopenic subjects, and 5% (95% CI: 3–7%) sarcopenic/severe sarcopenic subjects. The sarcopenia-related categories were inversely related to weight and body mass index (BMI), particularly in overweight/obese subjects, and these categories showed favorable metabolic biomarkers. The EWGSOP2 algorithm yielded 73% (95% CI: 69–76%) non-sarcopenic subjects, 24% (95% CI: 21–27%) probably sarcopenic subjects, and 4% (95% CI: 2–5%) sarcopenic subjects. Conclusions: The present study identified BMI as a potential confounder of the prevalence estimates of sarcopenia-related categories in population-based settings with different EWGSOP operational definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lampignano
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.B.); (F.C.); (R.D.); (V.G.); (R.Z.); (G.D.P.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Ilaria Bortone
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.B.); (F.C.); (R.D.); (V.G.); (R.Z.); (G.D.P.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Fabio Castellana
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.B.); (F.C.); (R.D.); (V.G.); (R.Z.); (G.D.P.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.B.); (F.C.); (R.D.); (V.G.); (R.Z.); (G.D.P.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Vito Guerra
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.B.); (F.C.); (R.D.); (V.G.); (R.Z.); (G.D.P.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Roberta Zupo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.B.); (F.C.); (R.D.); (V.G.); (R.Z.); (G.D.P.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.B.); (F.C.); (R.D.); (V.G.); (R.Z.); (G.D.P.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (H.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Marta Di Masi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.B.); (F.C.); (R.D.); (V.G.); (R.Z.); (G.D.P.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.B.); (F.C.); (R.D.); (V.G.); (R.Z.); (G.D.P.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70100 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Panza
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.B.); (F.C.); (R.D.); (V.G.); (R.Z.); (G.D.P.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Heiner Boeing
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.B.); (F.C.); (R.D.); (V.G.); (R.Z.); (G.D.P.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (H.B.)
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.B.); (F.C.); (R.D.); (V.G.); (R.Z.); (G.D.P.); (M.D.M.); (G.G.); (F.P.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (R.S.)
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Gao Q, Hu K, Yan C, Zhao B, Mei F, Chen F, Zhao L, Shang Y, Ma Y, Ma B. Associated Factors of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124291. [PMID: 34959843 PMCID: PMC8707132 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: To review the associated factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. (2) Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and four Chinese electronic databases were searched for observational studies that reported the associated factors of sarcopenia from inception to August 2021. Two researchers independently selected the literature, evaluated their quality, and extracted relevant data. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each associated factors of sarcopenia using random-effects/fixed-effects models. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and the Eggers test. We performed statistical analysis using Stata 15.0 software. (3) Results: A total of 68 studies comprising 98,502 cases were included. Sociodemographic associated factors of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults included age (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10-1.13), marital status (singled, divorced, or widowed) (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.08-2.28), disability for activities of daily living (ADL) (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.15-1.92), and underweight (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 2.55-5.60). Behavioral associated factors included smoking (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10-1.21), physical inactivity (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.48-2.01), malnutrition/malnutrition risk (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 2.40-3.72), long (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.37-3.86) and short (OR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.86-5.93) sleeping time, and living alone (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.00-2.40). Disease-related associated factors included diabetes (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.18-1.66), cognitive impairment (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.05-2.51), heart diseases (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00-1.30), respiratory diseases (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09-1.36), osteopenia/osteoporosis (OR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.63-4.57), osteoarthritis (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.23-1.44), depression (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17-1.83), falls (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.14-1.44), anorexia (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.14-1.96), and anemia (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.06-1.82). However, it remained unknown whether gender (female: OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.80-1.51; male: OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 0.96-2.34), overweight/obesity (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.17-0.44), drinking (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-1.01), hypertension (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.84-1.14), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.89-1.47), stroke (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 0.69-4.17), cancer (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85-0.92), pain (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.98-1.20), liver disease (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85-0.91), and kidney disease (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 0.19-33.30) were associated with sarcopenia. (4) Conclusions: There are many sociodemographic, behavioral, and disease-related associated factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Our view provides evidence for the early identification of high-risk individuals and the development of relevant interventions to prevent sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Gao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.G.); (K.H.); (B.Z.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Kaiyan Hu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.G.); (K.H.); (B.Z.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Chunjuan Yan
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Bing Zhao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.G.); (K.H.); (B.Z.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Fan Mei
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.G.); (K.H.); (B.Z.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Fei Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.G.); (K.H.); (B.Z.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Li Zhao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.G.); (K.H.); (B.Z.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Yi Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.G.); (K.H.); (B.Z.); (F.M.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-1998-8858
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Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and Management, State of the Art and Contribution of Ultrasound. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235552. [PMID: 34884255 PMCID: PMC8658070 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related muscle loss is a phenomenon that has been extensively studied in recent decades. Sarcopenia is a multisystem disease, which predisposes to muscle weakness and frailty. At around 50 years of age, an individual begins to lose muscle strength, although this becomes more evident after 70. Sarcopenia is a condition typically found in older adults but can also affect younger people. Sarcopenia is a preventable and treatable condition. In past years, methods and tools to recognize the condition early have been researched. For the development of therapeutic interventions, agreement on diagnosis is fundamental. In recent years, a possible role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of sarcopenia has been evaluated, compared with the best-known techniques.
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Chen N, He X, Feng Y, Ainsworth BE, Liu Y. Effects of resistance training in healthy older people with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2021; 18:23. [PMID: 34763651 PMCID: PMC8588688 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-021-00277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the effects of resistance training on measures of body composition, muscle strength, and muscle performance in older people with sarcopenia. METHODS All randomized controlled trials on the effects of resistance training on outcome variables in older people with sarcopenia were searched on Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang. Data from January 2010 to October 2020 were reviewed. Two researchers extracted data and evaluated the quality of the studies that met the inclusion criteria independently. Meta-analysis for pre-post changes were calculated as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Fourteen studies meeting inclusion criteria included 561 healthy older adults (age 65.8 to 82.8) with sarcopenia. Compared with the control group, resistance training had positive effects on body fat mass (SMD = -0.53, 95% CI - 0.81 to - 0.25, p = 0.0002, I2 = 0%), handgrip strength (SMD = 0.81, 95%CI 0.35 to 1.27, p = 0.0005, I2 = 81%), knee extension strength (SMD = 1.26, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.80, p < 0.0001, I2 = 67%), gait speed (SMD = 1.28, 95%CI 0.36 to 2.19, p = 0.006, I2 = 89%), and the timed up and go test (SMD = -0.93, 95% CI - 1.30 to - 0.56, p < 0.0001, I2 = 23%). Resistance training had no effects on appendicular skeletal muscle mass (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI - 0.27 to 0.78, p = 0.35, I2 = 68%), skeletal muscle mass (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI - 0.02 to 0.56, p = 0.07, I2 = 0%) and leg lean mass (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI - 0.25 to 0.50, p = 0.52, I2 = 0%). Old people with sarcopenia of different ages, genders or diagnostic criteria and weights have different gains in muscle mass, handgrip strength, knee extension strength and muscle performance after different intervention duration, frequencies, mode and intensity resistance training. CONCLUSION Resistance training is an effective treatment to improve body fat mass, muscle strength, and muscle performance in healthy older people with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangfeng He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Wallengren O, Bosaeus I, Frändin K, Lissner L, Falk Erhag H, Wetterberg H, Rydberg Sterner T, Rydén L, Rothenberg E, Skoog I. Comparison of the 2010 and 2019 diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) in two cohorts of Swedish older adults. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:600. [PMID: 34702174 PMCID: PMC8547086 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The operational definition of sarcopenia has been updated (EWGSOP2) and apply different cut-off points compared to previous criteria (EWGSOP1). Therefore, we aim to compare the sarcopenia prevalence and the association with mortality and dependence in activities of daily living using the 2010 (EWGSOP1 and 2019 (EWGSOP2 operational definition, applying cut-offs at two levels using T-scores. Methods Two birth cohorts, 70 and 85-years-old (n = 884 and n = 157, respectively), were assessed cross-sectionally (57% women). Low grip strength, low muscle mass and slow gait speed were defined below − 2.0 and − 2.5 SD from a young reference population (T-score). Muscle mass was defined as appendicular lean soft tissue index by DXA. The EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 were applied and compared with McNemar tests and Cohen’s kappa. All-cause mortality was analyzed with the Cox-proportional hazard model. Results Sarcopenia prevalence was 1.4–7.8% in 70-year-olds and 42–62% in 85 years-old’s, depending on diagnostic criteria. Overall, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 0.9–1.0 percentage points lower using the EWGSOP2 compared to EWGSOP1 when applying uniform T-score cut-offs (P < 0.005). The prevalence was doubled (15.0 vs. 7.5%) using the − 2.0 vs. -2.5 T-scores with EWGSOP2 in the whole sample. The increase in prevalence when changing the cut-offs was 5.7% (P < 0.001) in the 70-year-olds and 17.8% (P < 0.001) in the 85-year-olds (EWGSP2). Sarcopenia with cut-offs at − 2.5 T-score was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 2.4–2.8, P < 0.05) but not at T-score − 2.0. Conclusions The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in 85-year-olds compared to 70-year-olds. Overall, the differences between the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 classifications are small. Meaningful differences between EWGSOP1 and 2 in the 85-year-olds could not be ruled out. Prevalence was more dependent on cut-offs than on the operational definition. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02533-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Wallengren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Clinical Nutrition Unit, Sahlgrenska University hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ingvar Bosaeus
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Sahlgrenska University hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Frändin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Falk Erhag
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Wetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Therese Rydberg Sterner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Rydén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214933. [PMID: 34768452 PMCID: PMC8584842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity may aggravate the effects of sarcopenia on skeletal muscle structure and function in the elderly, but no study has attempted to identify the gene variants associated with sarcopenia in obese women. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to: (1) describe neuromuscular function in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic women with or without obesity; (2) identify gene variants associated with sarcopenia in older obese women. In 307 Caucasian women (71 ± 6 years, 66.3 ± 11.3 kg), skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectric impedance, and function was tested with a 30 s one-leg standing-balance test. Biceps brachii thickness and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (VLACSA) were measured with B-mode ultrasonography. Handgrip strength, maximum voluntary contraction elbow flexion (MVCEF), and knee extension torque (MVCKE) were measured by dynamometry, and MVCKE/VLACSA was calculated. Genotyping was performed for 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected based on their previous associations with muscle-related phenotypes. Based on sarcopenia and obesity thresholds, groups were classified as sarcopenic obese, non-sarcopenic obese, sarcopenic non-obese, or non-sarcopenic non-obese. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to assess the main effects of sarcopenia and obesity on muscle-related phenotypes and binary logistic regression was performed for each SNP to investigate associations with sarcopenia in obesity. There were no significant obesity * sarcopenic status interactions for any of the investigated muscle-related phenotypic parameters. Neither sarcopenia nor obesity had a significant effect on biceps brachii thickness, but sarcopenia was associated with lower VLACSA (p = 0.003). Obesity was associated with lower MVCEF (p = 0.032), MVCKE (p = 0.047), and MVCKE/VLACSA (p = 0.012) with no significant effect of sarcopenia. Adjusted for age and height, three SNPs (ACTN3 rs1815739, MTHFR rs1801131, and MTHFR rs1537516) were associated with sarcopenia in obese participants. Sarcopenia was associated with a smaller muscle size, while obesity resulted in a lower muscle quality irrespective of sarcopenia. Three gene variants (ACTN3 rs1815739, MTHFR rs1801131, and MTHFR rs1537516) suspected to affect muscle function, homocysteine metabolism, or DNA methylation, respectively, were associated with sarcopenia in obese elderly women. Understanding the skeletal muscle features affected by sarcopenia and obesity, and identification of genes related to sarcopenia in obese women, may facilitate early detection of individuals at particular risk of sarcopenic obesity.
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Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome and all-cause mortality in hospitalized older people. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5475-5481. [PMID: 34656028 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome (MSS) describes the presence of sarcopenia and malnutrition together. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between MSS and all-cause mortality at two years in hospitalised older Turkish people. METHODS This is a bi-centered prospective cohort study conducted in older individuals in hospital settings (University hospital and research, research and training hospital). Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria. Muscle mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Malnutrition (MN) was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Six study groups were formed according to sarcopenia and MN status; MSS, sarcopenia with malnutrition risk (MNR), sarcopenia, MN, MNR, and normal nutrition. The relationship between MSS and other study groups with mortality was assessed by Cox regression model. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS 350 hospitalised older people participated (mean age: 77.2 ± 7.6, 56% female). During the 2-year follow-up, 98 (28%) of the participants died. MSS, sarcopenia, sarcopenia with MNR and MN groups were independently associated with all-cause mortality at two years. MSS group had the highest hazard ratio (HR:19.8). Survival curves of MSS sarcopenia, sarcopenia with MNR, and MN groups were significantly different from MNR and normal nutrition groups. MSS had the worst survival curve. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalised older people should be evaluated for the presence of both sarcopenia and MN because of increased mortality. Preventive measures are needed for both conditions to decrease adverse health outcomes such as mortality.
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Sperlich E, Fleiner T, Zijlstra W, Haussermann P, Morat T. Sarcopenia in geriatric psychiatry: feasibility of the diagnostic process and estimation of prevalence within a hospital context. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1153-1160. [PMID: 34151538 PMCID: PMC8517346 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an age-related progressive and general skeletal muscle disease associated with negative consequences such as falls, disability, and mortality. An early-stage diagnosis is important to enable adequate treatment, especially in geriatric psychiatry. However, there presently is little information about the feasibility of diagnostic procedures and the prevalence of sarcopenia in clinical geriatric psychiatry settings. The aim of this study is to implement a diagnostic process for sarcopenia in a geriatric psychiatry hospital, to investigate its feasibility and to analyse the prevalence rates. METHODS A single-centre cross-sectional study over 3 months was conducted in a geriatric psychiatry hospital. All admitted patients with a diagnosis of dementia, depression, or delirium were screened regarding the clinical impression of frailty and sarcopenia according to the current diagnostic algorithm of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). RESULTS We found that short physical performance tests, such as the handgrip strength testing (91%) or 4 m walking test (91%), were applicable in our sample. The original standardized instructions of longer tests could not be performed appropriately, for example, in the five-times-sit-to-stand-test (32%), the timed-up-and-go-test (68%), and the 400 m walking test (38%). Muscle mass measurements using bioelectric impedance analysis were feasible in all patients (100%). The analysis revealed an estimated prevalence rate for sarcopenia of 65% for patients suffering from dementia and 36% for patients suffering from depression. In our final analysis, 15 patients suffering from dementia, 19 suffering from depression, and no patient suffering from delirium were included [22 female (64.7%) and twelve male (35.3%) patients]. The patients were on average 78.9 ± 7.7 years old, with the youngest patient being 61 years old and the oldest patient 93 years old. Out of the total sample, 14 patients suffering from dementia and eight patients suffering from depression were diagnosed with a severe stage of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS The EWGSOP2 algorithm seems to be applicable in the clinical routine of a geriatric psychiatry hospital. The high estimated prevalence rates of sarcopenia highlight the need for an early and comprehensive screening for sarcopenia in geriatric psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sperlich
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Fleiner
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wiebren Zijlstra
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Haussermann
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Morat
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Ramirez E, Salas R, Bouzas C, Pastor R, Tur JA. Comparison between Original and Reviewed Consensus of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People: A Probabilistic Cross-Sectional Survey among Community-Dwelling Older People. Gerontology 2021; 68:869-876. [PMID: 34592734 DOI: 10.1159/000519304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a consensus on sarcopenia in 2010 and updated it in 2019 (EWGSOP2) which included the use of specific cut-off points. The aim was to assess how much prevalence of sarcopenia differed between EWGSOP2 and EWGSOP, as well as the use of specific cut-off points to assess differences in presarcopenia versus probable sarcopenia. METHODS Observational, transversal, and comparative study (n = 1,283 older adults; 57% women). Anthropometrics and handgrip strength were measured, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass equation was defined. Conceptual and methodological definitions of EWGSOP and EWGSOP2 consensus were applied to calculate prevalence of presarcopenia, probable sarcopenia, and sarcopenia. RESULTS Using cut-off points recommended for European population, prevalence of sarcopenia with EWGSOP2 was lower (-6.6%; p < 0.001) than EWGSOP. The prevalence of probable sarcopenia (EWGSOP2) was higher (+7.8%; p < 0.001) than EWGSOP presarcopenia. The agreement between EGWGSOP and EWGSOP2 was moderated (K = 0.45; IC = 0.40-0.51). Using specific-population cut-off points for muscle strength and appendicular muscle mass, the prevalence of probable sarcopenia with EWGSOP2 was higher (46.5%; p < 0.001) than EWGSOP (1.8%). The agreement between EGWGSOP and EWGSOP2 was moderated (K = 0.48; IC = 0.42-0.52). CONCLUSION The new EWGSOP2 consensus underestimates the prevalence of sarcopenia, compared with EWGSOP using conventional cut-off points. The prevalence of presarcopenia with EWGSOP (low muscle mass) was lower than probable sarcopenia (low muscle strength) with the new EWGSOP2. In both cases, agreements between EWGSOP2 and EWGSOP were moderated. Discrepancies between the original and new consensus have implications on the primary health setting for identifying old and new cases for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ramirez
- Body Composition Lab, Faculty of Public Health and Nutrition, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Salas
- Population Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health and Nutrition, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, & IDISBA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rosario Pastor
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, & IDISBA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, Avila, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, & IDISBA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Fernandes SGG, Lima de Andrade LE, dos Santos Aguiar Gonçalves RS, Aires da Câmara SM, Guerra RO, Cavalcanti Maciel AC. Cut-off points to screening for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people residents in Brazil. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12038. [PMID: 34527442 PMCID: PMC8401730 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At a time when the world's population is aging, one of the most important challenges for the healthcare field is to control the decline of the musculoskeletal system. This decline consists of a reduction in muscle mass and function, which is called sarcopenia and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Although there has been an increase in the number of publications on sarcopenia and its consequences, the reported prevalence varies widely, since these depend on the characteristics of the population studied, the definitions found in the literature and the cut-off points adopted. In this perspective, the heterogeneity in the classification and the different reference values has a critical impact on the epidemiology of sarcopenia, since neither the procedures, the components and the cut-off points are consistent. OBJECTIVES To develop cut-off points for the screening of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people residents in the northeast of Brazil and compare the prevalences between the values defined by the consensus and the values of the population studied. METHODS Community-dwelling older men and women living in three cities in the countryside of Rio Grande do Norte were evaluated. Cutoff points were defined for the variables used to screen for sarcopenia (handgrip strength, SMI, gait speed and SPPB) using the 20th percentile of their population distributions. RESULTS The sample was composed of 1,290 older people (62.5% female and 37.5% male), with an average of 69.5 (± 6.05) years of age. Regarding the cutoff points, the handgrip values were defined as 25.3 kg and 16 kg for men and women, respectively. Considering the SMM adjusted according to their height, the values of 7.88 kg/m2 were adopted for men and 5.52 kg/m2 for women. When adjusting by BMI we obtained 0.73 kg/BMI for men and 0.41 kg/BMI for women. For gait speed it was defined 0.71 m/s for men and 0.63 m/s for women. In the case of SPPB, the result was the same for both genders (≤8). When applying the values found in the studied population, a variation in prevalence was observed for both men and women, depending on the cut-off points and consensus used. CONCLUSION The cutoff values found in our population were lower than those adopted by international consensus (EWGSOP2, IWGS and FNIH), except for HGS in woman and SMI/m2 for men. Therefore, using specific cutoff points for different populations can provide an accurate assessment of the presence of sarcopenia and better target health prevention strategies for the older people living in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Eduardo Lima de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Saionara Maria Aires da Câmara
- Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Oliveira Guerra
- Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Hu FJ, Liu H, Liu XL, Jia SL, Hou LS, Xia X, Dong BR. Mid-Upper Arm Circumference as an Alternative Screening Instrument to Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index for Diagnosing Sarcopenia. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1095-1104. [PMID: 34163153 PMCID: PMC8214542 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s311081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a simple, noninvasive anthropometric indicator. This study evaluated the applicability of MUAC as an alternative screening instrument to appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) for detecting sarcopenia, and determined the optimal MUAC cutoff values. Patients and Methods A total of 4509 subjects ≥50 years of age from the West China Health and Aging Trend study were included in the present study. ASM was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. MUAC, calf circumference (CC), and grip strength were evaluated and the Short Physical Performance Battery and 3-m timed up-and-go test were administered. Low muscle mass was diagnosed based on Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS2019) and updated European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria. Results ASMI was positively correlated with MUAC in both men (r=0.726, P<0.001) and women (r=0.698, P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for MUAC as an indicator of low muscle mass in men and women was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85–0.88) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.84–0.86), respectively, according to AWGS2019 criteria; and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.85–0.88) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.85–0.88), respectively, according to EWGSOP2 criteria. Optimal MUAC cutoff values for predicting low muscle mass were ≤28.6 cm for men and ≤27.5 cm for women. There was no significant difference between the AUCs of MUAC and CC in men according to the 2 reference standards (P=0.809), whereas the AUC of CC was superior to that of MUAC in women according to AWGS2019 (P<0.001) and EWGSOP2 (P=0.008) criteria. Conclusion MUAC is strongly correlated with ASMI among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in China. MUAC can be used as a simple screening instrument to ASMI for diagnosing sarcopenia, especially in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Juan Hu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Division, Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lei Liu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Li Jia
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Sha Hou
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xia
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Rong Dong
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Suboptimal Tongue Pressure Is Associated with Risk of Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061821. [PMID: 34071812 PMCID: PMC8229542 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue plays an important role in swallowing, and its dysfunction theoretically leads to inadequate oral intake and subsequent malnutrition. This study aimed to explore how different levels of tongue pressure are related to malnutrition among community-dwelling older individuals. The target population was community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years. Tongue pressure was measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, whereas the mini nutrition assessment (MNA) test was administered to determine the nutritional status. A full MNA score of less than 24 points was defined as risk of malnutrition. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of risk of malnutrition among different quartiles of tongue pressure. Among the 362 participants, 26 (7.1%) were classified as having risk of malnutrition. Body weight, body mass index, handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass index, sum MNA score, and serum levels of albumin were lower in the malnutrition risk groups than in the normal nutrition status group. A positive correlation was identified between tongue pressure and the MNA score (r = 0.143, p < 0.01). Treating the subgroup of the highest quartile of tongue pressure as the reference, the crude odds ratio (OR) of having risk of malnutrition was 5.37 (95% CI, 1.14–25.28) in the subgroup at the third quartile, 3.10 (95% CI, 0.60–15.84) in the subgroup at the second quartile, and 3.95 (95% CI, 0.81–19.15) in the subgroup at the lowest quartile. After adjustment for age and sex, the subgroup in the third quartile still presented with a significantly higher risk (OR, 4.85; 95% CI, 1.02–22.99) of risk of malnutrition. Compared with the subgroup at the highest quartile of tongue pressure, the crude OR for all the subgroups in the lower three quartiles was 4.17 (95% CI, 0.96–18.04), showing borderline significance (p = 0.05). In conclusion, we found hints for an association between decreased tongue pressure and an increased risk of malnutrition in community-dwelling older individuals. Older people with suboptimal tongue pressure should undergo a thorough assessment of their nutritional status and swallowing function for the early identification of subclinical malnutrition and dysphagia.
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40
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Chen Z, Li WY, Ho M, Chau PH. The Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Chinese Older Adults: Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Nutrients 2021; 13:1441. [PMID: 33923252 PMCID: PMC8146971 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, with risk factors such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity, is becoming prevalent among the older population. The aims of this study were (i) to systematically review the existing data on sarcopenia prevalence in the older Chinese population, (ii) to generate pooled estimates of the sex-specific prevalence among different populations, and (iii) to identify the factors associated with the heterogeneity in the estimates across studies. A search was conducted in seven databases for studies that reported the prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese older adults, aged 60 years and over, published through April 2020. We then performed a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence, and investigated the factors associated with the variation in the prevalence across the studies using meta-regression. A total of 58 studies were included in this review. Compared with community-dwelling Chinese older adults (men: 12.9%, 95% CI: 10.7-15.1%; women: 11.2%, 95% CI: 8.9-13.4%), the pooled prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults from hospitals (men: 29.7%, 95% CI:18.4-41.1%; women: 23.0%, 95% CI:17.1-28.8%) and nursing homes (men: 26.3%, 95% CI: 19.1 to 33.4%; women: 33.7%, 95% CI: 27.2 to 40.1%) was higher. The multivariable meta-regression quantified the difference of the prevalence estimates in different populations, muscle mass assessments, and areas. This study yielded pooled estimates of sarcopenia prevalence in Chinese older adults not only from communities, but also from clinical settings and nursing homes. This study added knowledge to the current epidemiology literature about sarcopenia in older Chinese populations, and could provide background information for future preventive strategies, such as nutrition and physical activity interventions, tailored to the growing older population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pui-Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Z.C.); (W.-Y.L.); (M.H.)
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41
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Oliveira VHF, Borsari AL, Cárdenas JDG, Alves Junior CM, Castro NF, Marinello PC, Padilha CS, Webel AR, Erlandson KM, Deminice R. Low Agreement Between Initial and Revised European Consensus on Definition and Diagnosis of Sarcopenia Applied to People Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 86:e106-e113. [PMID: 33230028 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2019, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) proposed low muscle strength as the primary outcome for sarcopenia diagnosis instead of low muscle mass, as proposed in 2010 (EWGSOP1). Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of sarcopenia using both EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 operational definitions in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and to determine the agreement and correlation between different tests proposed by EWGSOP2. SETTING Cross-sectional study, where 302 PLHIV (151 men), 51.7 ± 9.0 years old were evaluated for the presence of sarcopenia using both EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 operational definitions. METHODS Appendicular skeletal muscle was estimated using bioimpedance analysis. Handgrip strength, chair stand, gait speed, and static balance were used as muscle function measures. Agreement was determined using Cohen kappa and Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. RESULTS Sarcopenia prevalence was 4.3% using EWGSOP1 and 1.0% using EWGSOP2. Agreement for sarcopenia diagnosis between EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 was fair (k = 0.37, P < 0.01). From the 13 cases of sarcopenia diagnosed using EWGSOP1, only 3 cases (23.1%) were also diagnosed using EWGSOP2. A medium correlation (r = -0.32, P < 0.01) and poor agreement (k = 0.14, P < 0.01) between muscle strength tests (handgrip strength and chair stand) were observed. Concordance between handgrip and chair stand was observed in 11 participants only, whereas 65 participants were considered to have low muscle strength using chair stand but not using handgrip. CONCLUSIONS Lower sarcopenia prevalence using EWGSOP2 and low agreement between EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 operational definitions in diagnosing sarcopenia were observed in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H F Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ana L Borsari
- Department of Physical Education, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Noemy F Castro
- Salgado Institute of Integral Health, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Poliana C Marinello
- Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila S Padilha
- Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Allison R Webel
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Physical Education, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Diagnosing sarcopenia at the point of imaging care: analysis of clinical, functional, and opportunistic CT metrics. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:543-550. [PMID: 32892227 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between CT-derived muscle metrics and standardized metrics of sarcopenia in patients undergoing routine CT imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data collected in 443 consecutive patients included body CT, grip strength, usual gait speed, and responses to SARC-F and FRAIL scale questionnaires. Functional and clinical metrics of sarcopenia were acquired at the time of CT. Metrics were analyzed using the diagnostic framework of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle density (SMD) were measured at the T12 and L3 levels. Statistical methods include linear prediction models and ROC analysis. RESULTS T12-SMD and L3-SMD in women and T12-SMD and L3-SMI in men show weak but significant (p < 0.05) predictive value for gait speed, after adjusting for subject age and body mass index. The prevalence of abnormal CT SMI at T12 and L3 was 29% and 71%, respectively, corresponding to prevalences of confirmed sarcopenia by EWGSOP2 of 10% and 15%, respectively. The agreement of abnormal SARC-F and FRAIL scale screening and EWGSOP2 confirmed sarcopenia was slight to fair (kappa: 0.20-0.28). CT cutpoints, based on EWGSOP2 criteria for abnormal grip strength or gait speed, are generally lower than cutpoints based on normative population data. CONCLUSION Collection of clinical and functional sarcopenia information at the point of imaging care can be accomplished quickly and safely. CT-derived muscle metrics show convergent validity with gait speed. Only a minority of subjects with low CT metrics have confirmed sarcopenia by EWGSOP2 definition.
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Liu X, Hou L, Zhao W, Xia X, Hu F, Zhang G, Hao Q, Zhou L, Liu Y, Ge M, Zhang Y, Yue J, Dong B. The Comparison of Sarcopenia Diagnostic Criteria using AWGS 2019 with the Other Five Criteria in West China. Gerontology 2021; 67:386-396. [PMID: 33596568 DOI: 10.1159/000513247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia defined by different criteria in community-dwelling adults of west China using the baseline data of West-China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study. METHODS Adults aged 50 years or older in communities of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Xinjiang provinces were enrolled in this study. We applied 6 -diagnostic criteria (AWGS 2019, AWGS 2014, EWGSOP1, -EWGSOP2, IWGS, and FNIH) to define sarcopenia. Muscle mass was measured based on bioimpedance analysis. Handgrip strength and walking speed were recorded, respectively. Different variables like anthropometry measures, lifestyles, chronic disease, and blood test were collected. RESULTS We included 4,500 participants. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 22.8, 19.3, 57.1, 11.8, 24.1, and 18.1% according to the AWGS 2019, AWGS 2014, EWGSOP 1, EWGSOP 2, IWGS, and FNIH criteria, respectively. We found that serum albumin level was independently associated with sarcopenia using AWGS 2019 and IWGS. And vitamin D level was independently associated with sarcopenia using AWGS 2014, -EWGSOP2, and FNIH. While age, depressive status, BMI, hemoglobin, vitamin D, and insulin level were all significantly associated with sarcopenia using AWGS 2014, but all of these factors were not significant using AWGS 2019. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia was highly prevalent in west China regardless of the diagnostic criteria. Serum albumin and vitamin D level were mostly associated with sarcopenia defined by different criteria. While most risk factors associated with the AWGS 2014-defined sarcopenia exhibited no consistent pattern with AWGS 2019, the validity of the AWGS 2019 consensus needs to be confirmed in further prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lisha Hou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengjuan Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gongchang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixing Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiling Ge
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jirong Yue
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Birong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, .,Geriatric Health Care and Medical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
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Han DS. Sarcopenia: Diagnosis, comorbidities, and management. THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jisprm-000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Daskalopoulou C, Wu YT, Pan W, Giné Vázquez I, Prince M, Prina M, Tyrovolas S. Factors related with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among low- and middle-income settings: the 10/66 DRG study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20453. [PMID: 33235211 PMCID: PMC7686337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity research in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) is limited. We investigated sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity prevalence and sociodemographic, bio-clinical and lifestyle factors in LMICs settings. For the purposes of this study, the 10/66 Dementia Research Group follow-up wave information from individuals aged 65 and over in Cuba, Dominican Republic, Peru, Mexico, Puerto Rico, China, was employed and analysed (n = 8.694). Based on indirect population formulas, we calculated body fat percentage (%BF) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 12.4% (Dominican Republic) to 24.6% (rural Peru); sarcopenic obesity prevalence ranged from 3.0% (rural China) to 10.2% (rural Peru). Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for sarcopenia were higher for men 2.82 (2.22-3.57) and those with higher %BF 1.08 (1.07-1.09), whereas higher number of assets was associated with a decreased likelihood 0.93 (0.87-1.00). OR of sarcopenic obesity were higher for men 2.17 (1.70-2.76), those reporting moderate alcohol drinking 1.76 (1.21-2.57), and those with increased number of limiting impairments 1.54 (1.11-2.14). We observed heterogeneity in the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in the 10/66 settings. We also found a variety of factors to be associated with those. Our results reveal the need for more research among the older population of LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Daskalopoulou
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Yu-Tzu Wu
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - William Pan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Iago Giné Vázquez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Prince
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Matthew Prina
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujades, 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Sarcopenia in hospitalized geriatric patients: insights into prevalence and associated parameters using new EWGSOP2 guidelines. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:653-660. [PMID: 33060812 PMCID: PMC8035069 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Data on prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated parameters in hospitalized geriatric patients are heterogeneous due to various definitions of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia using latest recommendations of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and to investigate associated parameters in patients admitted to acute geriatrics and geriatric rehabilitation. Methods In this cross-sectional single-centre study including 305 hospitalized geriatric patients, handgrip strength (pneumatic hand dynamometer) and muscle quantity (body impedance analysis) were assessed. Probable sarcopenia was defined by low handgrip strength, and the diagnosis was confirmed when both handgrip strength and muscle quantity were below cut-off points. Furthermore, parameters of the geriatric baseline examination were analyzed for association with probable and confirmed sarcopenia using logistic regression models. Results Median age of the study population was 84.0 years, and 65.6% were female. The prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 24.6% (CI 19.8–29.4%), and the prevalence of confirmed sarcopenia was 22.6% (CI 17.9–27.3%). Low calf circumference, low body mass index, cognitive impairment and an increased risk of malnutrition were found to be associated with confirmed sarcopenia. In contrast, only cognitive impairment was positively associated with probable sarcopenia. Conclusions Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in geriatric inpatients, and multiple parameters were found to be associated with the disease. To reduce negative clinical outcomes, our findings support the need for routinely performed admission examinations for prompt diagnosis of sarcopenia, and a timely start of treatment in hospitalized geriatric patients.
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Lim JY, Low NA, Merchant RA. Prevalence of sarcopenia in pre-frail community dwelling older adult and utility of SARC-F, SARC-CalF and calf circumference in case finding. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls 2020; 5:53-56. [PMID: 32885101 PMCID: PMC7461355 DOI: 10.22540/jfsf-05-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in the pre-frail community dwelling older adults based on the Asian Workgroup for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) criteria. In addition, the utility of case finding using the SARC-F, SARC-CalF and calf circumference on impact of prevalence was explored. METHODS 75 older adults ≥65 years old were recruited between October 2019 and March 2020. The algorithms of AWGS 2019 was applied retrospectively to pre-frail participants recruited for an intervention study in primary care setting. In addition to demographics, SARC-F, calf circumference (CC), muscle mass, grip strength, gait speed, 5-time chair stand timing and short physical performance battery test (SPPB) were measured, to determine sarcopenia using AWGS 2019. SARC-CalF was determined using SARC-F and CC. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia based on AWGS 2019 algorithm was 16.0%, possible sarcopenia 73.3% and severe sarcopenia 12.0%. Using SARC-F for case finding reduced the overall prevalence of sarcopenia to 4.0%, possible sarcopenia to 12.0% and severe sarcopenia to 4.0%. Positive percentage agreement of case finding criteria of SARC-F, SARC-CaIF and calf circumference for sarcopenia was 33%, 42% and 58% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Using the AWGS 2019 without case finding, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 16%. However, using SARC-F for case finding underestimated prevalence in this group by 75%. Utility of SARC-F for case finding in pre-frail requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi Lim
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Nethania Ann Low
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Reshma Aziz Merchant
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Sanz-Requena R, Martínez-Arnau FM, Pablos-Monzó A, Flor-Rufino C, Barrachina-Igual J, García-Martí G, Martí-Bonmatí L, Pérez-Ros P. The Role of Imaging Biomarkers in the Assessment of Sarcopenia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10080534. [PMID: 32751452 PMCID: PMC7460125 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of sarcopenia through clinical assessment has some limitations. The literature advises studies that include objective markers along with clinical assessment in order to improve the sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic criteria. The decrease of muscle quality precedes the loss of quantity, so we studied the role magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers as indicators of the quantity and quality of muscle in sarcopenia patients. METHODS a cross-sectional analysis was performed to analyze what MR-derived imaging parameters correlate better with sarcopenia diagnostic criteria in women of 70 years of age and over (independent walking and community-dwelling women who were sarcopenic in accordance with EWGSOP criteria with muscle mass adjusted to Spanish population were chosen). RESULTS The study included 26 women; 81 ± 8 years old. A strong correlation was obtained between cineanthropometric variables (BMI; thigh perimeter and fat mass) and imaging biomarkers (muscle/fat ratio, fatty infiltration, muscle T2*, water diffusion coefficient, and proton density fat fraction) with coefficients around 0.7 (absolute value). CONCLUSIONS Knowing the correlation of clinical parameters and imaging-derived muscle quality indicators can help to identify older women at risk of developing sarcopenia at an early stage. This may allow taking preventive actions to decrease disability, morbidity, and mortality in sarcopenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sanz-Requena
- Radiology Department, Hospital Quironsalud Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-R.); (G.G.-M.); (L.M.-B.)
| | - Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Research Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-983853 (ext. 51227)
| | - Ana Pablos-Monzó
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46900 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | | | - Gracián García-Martí
- Radiology Department, Hospital Quironsalud Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-R.); (G.G.-M.); (L.M.-B.)
| | - Luis Martí-Bonmatí
- Radiology Department, Hospital Quironsalud Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-R.); (G.G.-M.); (L.M.-B.)
| | - Pilar Pérez-Ros
- Nursing Department, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46007 Valencia, Spain;
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Sui SX, Holloway‐Kew KL, Hyde NK, Williams LJ, Tembo MC, Leach S, Pasco JA. Definition‐specific prevalence estimates for sarcopenia in an Australian population: the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. JCSM CLINICAL REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/crt2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julie A. Pasco
- Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine—Western Campus The University of Melbourne St Albans Victoria Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- University Hospital Geelong Geelong Victoria Australia
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Shafiee G, Heshmat R, Ostovar A, Khatami F, Fahimfar N, Arzaghi SM, Gharibzadeh S, Hanaei S, Nabipour I, Larijani B. Comparison of EWGSOP-1and EWGSOP-2 diagnostic criteria on prevalence of and risk factors for sarcopenia among Iranian older people: the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:727-734. [PMID: 33520799 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background This study proposed to compare the prevalence and risk factors for sarcopenia by EGWSOP-1 and EWGSOP-2 diagnostic criteria in Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the data collected during the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program, stage II. Sarcopenia was defined as 3 definitions: EWGSOP-1(with Iranian cut off), EWGSOP-2(with Iranian cut off), EWGSOP-2(with European cut off) definition. We evaluated the age-standardized prevalence of sarcopenia in both genders. Regression analysis was used to show the associations in the adjusted models. Results Among 2426 participants, age-standardized prevalence of sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia by EWGSOP-1 were 19.7%, and 12.9%, in men and 13.6%, and 16.7% in women, respectively. When we used EWGSOP-2 (with Iranian cut-off) criteria, these values were 10.5%, and 12.7% among men and 7.13% and 16.5% in women, respectively. The prevalence sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia by EWGSOP-2 (with European cut-off) were 12.7%, and 13.4% in men and 5.42%, and 13.7% in women, respectively. In both genders, getting older and high-fat mass were positively associated with sarcopenia, and BMI had a significant inverse association in both genders and all defintions. Conclusions Results showed that a prevalence of sarcopenia varied largely by using different criteria, in both sexes. EWGSOP2- defined sarcopenia prevalence was lower than that defined using EWGSOP-1 criteria due to different diagnostic factors to detect sarcopenia. Some adverse outcomes should be considered for evaluating sarcopenia to compare the accuracy of EWGSOP-1 and EWGSOP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Fahimfar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Arzaghi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoora Gharibzadeh
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hanaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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