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Bunout D, Barrera G, Arce J, Burrows R, Correa-Burrows P, Hirsch S. No association between vascular aging and sarcopenia in healthy participants. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:384-390. [PMID: 38971407 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Several reports inform an association between vascular aging and sarcopenia. However, both conditions appear along with aging. Therefore, their association may be circumstantial and not casually linked. Our aim was to determine if individuals with higher-than-expected vascular aging have a higher frequency of sarcopenia. METHODS In 802 participants we calculated the association between pulse wave pressure and carotid intima media thickness and age and blood pressure, to derive predictive regression equations. In 161 of these participants we measured body composition by double beam X ray absorptiometry (DEXA), hand grip strength, rectus femoris thickness by ultrasound, activity energy expenditure by actigraphy and peak oxygen consumption and workload in an incremental exercise test. We calculated their expected values for pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness and compared muscle mass and function between those with higher or lower than expected parameters. In 60 of these participants, we measured body composition sequentially to assess its change over time. RESULTS Age and blood pressure predicted the variance of pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness with R2 values of 0.94-0.97 and 0.54 to 0.66, respectively. No differences in the frequency of sarcopenia and in muscle mass and strength were observed between participants with higher or lower than expected pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness. In the group with sequential assessments, no differences in the change of muscle mass over time were observed in participants with and without accelerated vascular aging. CONCLUSIONS We were not able to find an association between vascular aging and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bunout
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gladys Barrera
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joselyn Arce
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Sandra Hirsch
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Prado CM, Batsis JA, Donini LM, Gonzalez MC, Siervo M. Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a clinical overview. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:261-277. [PMID: 38321142 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by a concurrent decline in muscle mass and function, along with increased adipose tissue. Sarcopenic obesity is a growing concern in older adults owing to significant health consequences, including implications for mortality, comorbidities and risk of developing geriatric syndromes. A 2022 consensus statement established a new definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity. The pathophysiology of this condition involves a complex interplay between muscle, adipose tissue, hormonal changes, inflammation, oxidative stress and lifestyle factors, among others. Sarcopenic obesity is treated with a range of management approaches, such as lifestyle interventions, exercise, nutrition and medical therapies. Emerging therapies that were developed for treating other conditions may be relevant to sarcopenic obesity, including novel pharmacological agents and personalized approaches such as precision medicine. In this Review, we synthesize the current knowledge of the clinical importance of sarcopenic obesity, its assessment and diagnosis, along with current and emerging management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - John A Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lorenzo M Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Pelotas, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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3
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Lee SY, Chao CT, Han DS, Chiang CK, Hung KY. A combined circulating microRNA panel predicts the risk of vascular calcification in community-dwelling older adults with age strata differences. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 120:105333. [PMID: 38262252 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults have a higher risk of developing vascular calcification (VC). Circulating miRNAs can be potential risk indicators. However, prior studies used single miRNA mostly, whereas miRNA panels were rarely evaluated. We aimed to examine whether a miRNA panel outperformed each miRNA alone, and analyzed whether advanced age affected VC risk predictive performance offered by the miRNA panel. METHODS We prospectively enrolled older adults (age ≥65 years) during their annual health checkup in 2017, and examined their VC severity followed by analyzing sera for VC regulatory miRNAs (miR-125b-5p, miR-125b-3p, and miR-378a-3p). We used multiple regression analyses to determine associations between each miRNA or a 3-combind panel and VC risk, followed by area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUROC) analysis. Participants were further divided to those of 65-75 and ≥75 years for comparison. RESULTS From 199 older adults screened, 169 (median age, 73.3 years) with available calcification assessment were analyzed, among whom 74.6 % having VC. Those with VC had significantly lower circulating miR-125b-5p, miR-125b-3p, and miR-378a-3p levels than those without. Regression analyses showed that the 3-combined miRNA panel exhibited significant associations with VC risk, with significantly higher AUROC than those of models based on individual miRNA. Importantly, in those ≥75 years, the miRNA-predicted risk of VC was more prominent than that in the 65-75 years group. CONCLUSION A miRNA panel for VC risk prediction might outperform individual miRNA alone in older adults, and advanced age modified the association between circulating miRNAs and the risk of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ying Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| | - Der-Sheng Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Integrative diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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4
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Yin Z, Cheng Q, Wang C, Wang B, Guan G, Yin J. Influence of sarcopenia on surgical efficacy and mortality of percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of older adults with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture. Exp Gerontol 2024; 186:112353. [PMID: 38159782 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an age-related condition that causes loss of skeletal muscle mass and disability. Sarcopenia is closely related to the prognosis of patients suffering osteoporotic thoraco-lumbar compression fractures (OTLCF). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sarcopenia on the efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in the treatment of older adults with OTLCF surgery and postoperative mortality. METHODS From February 2016 to June 2019, 101 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. The grip strength of the dominant hand was measured using an electronic grip tester. The diagnostic cutoff value of grip strength for sarcopenia was <27 kg for males and <16 kg for females. The cross-sectional area (cm2) of the musculature at the level of the pedicle of the thoracic 12th vertebra (T12) was measured by chest CT. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated by dividing the muscle cross-sectional area at the T12 pedicle level by the square of the height. The diagnostic cut-off value of SMI at T12 level is 42.6 cm2/m2 for males and 30.6 cm2/m2 for females. Sarcopenia was diagnosed when the grip strength and SMI values were both lower than the diagnostic cut-off value. All included patients received PKP treatment for OTLCF. The age, gender, operation time, bleeding volume, time to ground, length of hospital stay, visual analog scale (VAS) score before operation and one month after operation, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) one month after operation and the incidence of refracture within 36 months after operation were compared between the two groups. The survival curves of the two groups were analyzed by Kaplan Meier. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in survival rates between the two groups at 12, 24, and 36 months after operation. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis compared multivariate factors on OTLCF postoperative mortality. RESULTS There was no significant difference in gender, operation time, blood loss and preoperative VAS score between the two groups (χ2 = 1.750, p = 0.186; t = 1.195, p = 0.235; t = -0.582, p = 0.562; t = -1.513, p = 0.133), respectively. The patients in the sarcopenia group were older (t = 3.708, p = 0.000), and had longer postoperative grounding time and hospitalization time (t = 4.360, p = 0.000; t = 6.458, p = 0.000). The VAS scores and ODI scores one month postoperatively were also higher in sarcopenia group (t = 5.900, p = 0.000; t = 7.294, p = 0.000), and there was a statistical difference between the two groups. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the incidence of spinal refracture within 36 months between the two groups (χ2 = 1.510, p = 0.219). The sarcopenia group had a higher mortality rate at 36 months after operation, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for long-term mortality in OTLCF patients received PKP surgery. CONCLUSIONS Patients with sarcopenia combined with OTLCF have poor postoperative recovery of limb function and a high risk of death in the long-term (36 months) after surgery. Active and effective intervention for sarcopenia is required during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Qinghua Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing 211200, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Guoping Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China.
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Angulo J, Fernández A, Sevilleja-Ortiz A, Sánchez-Ferrer A, Rodríguez-Mañas L, El Assar M. Upregulation of Orai Channels Contributes to Aging-Related Vascular Alterations in Rat Coronary Arteries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13402. [PMID: 37686206 PMCID: PMC10487684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular territories display heterogeneous sensitivity to the impacts of aging. The relevance of the STIM/Orai system to vascular function depends on the vascular bed. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of the STIM/Orai system to aging-related vascular dysfunction in rat coronary circulation. Vascular function was evaluated according to myography in coronary arteries from young (three-month-old) and older (twenty-month-old) rats. The effects of aging and STIM/Orai inhibition on the contraction and relaxation of the coronary arteries and on the protein expression of STIM-1, Orai1, and Orai3 in these vessels were determined. Aging-related hypercontractility to serotonin and endothelin-1 in arteries from male rats was reversed by STIM/Orai inhibition with YM-58483 or by specifically blocking the Orai1 channel with Synta66. The inhibitory effects of Synta66 on coronary vasoconstriction were also observed in older female rats. YM-58483 relaxed serotonin- but not KCl-contracted arteries from males. STIM/Orai inhibition improved defective endothelial vasodilations in aged arteries, even in the presence of NO synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors, but not in KCl-contracted segments. YM-58483 significantly enhanced relaxations to calcium-activated potassium channel stimulation in aged vessels. Increased protein expression of Orai1 and Orai3 was detected in arterial homogenates and sections from older rats. Upregulation of the Orai channel contributes to aging-related coronary dysfunction, revealing a potential target in reducing CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Angulo
- Servicio de Histología, Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular (IRYCIS/UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.S.-O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Argentina Fernández
- Servicio de Histología, Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular (IRYCIS/UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.S.-O.)
| | - Alejandro Sevilleja-Ortiz
- Servicio de Histología, Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular (IRYCIS/UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.S.-O.)
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Ferrer
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain;
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain;
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6
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Damluji AA, Alfaraidhy M, AlHajri N, Rohant NN, Kumar M, Al Malouf C, Bahrainy S, Ji Kwak M, Batchelor WB, Forman DE, Rich MW, Kirkpatrick J, Krishnaswami A, Alexander KP, Gerstenblith G, Cawthon P, deFilippi CR, Goyal P. Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases. Circulation 2023; 147:1534-1553. [PMID: 37186680 PMCID: PMC10180053 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and higher risk of mortality, falls, and reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex, the broad underlying cause of sarcopenia includes an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic muscle homeostasis with or without neuronal degeneration. The intrinsic molecular mechanisms of aging, chronic illness, malnutrition, and immobility are associated with the development of sarcopenia. Screening and testing for sarcopenia may be particularly important among those with chronic disease states. Early recognition of sarcopenia is important because it can provide an opportunity for interventions to reverse or delay the progression of muscle disorder, which may ultimately impact cardiovascular outcomes. Relying on body mass index is not useful for screening because many patients will have sarcopenic obesity, a particularly important phenotype among older cardiac patients. In this review, we aimed to: (1) provide a definition of sarcopenia within the context of muscle wasting disorders; (2) summarize the associations between sarcopenia and different cardiovascular diseases; (3) highlight an approach for a diagnostic evaluation; (4) discuss management strategies for sarcopenia; and (5) outline key gaps in knowledge with implications for the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A Damluji
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.)
| | - Maha Alfaraidhy
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.)
| | - Noora AlHajri
- Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wayne B Batchelor
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.)
| | - Daniel E Forman
- University of Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, PA (D.E.F.)
| | | | | | | | - Karen P Alexander
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (K.P.A.)
| | - Gary Gerstenblith
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.)
| | | | - Christopher R deFilippi
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.)
| | - Parag Goyal
- University of Arizona, Tucson (N.N.R., P.G.)
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7
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Taylor JA, Greenhaff PL, Bartlett DB, Jackson TA, Duggal NA, Lord JM. Multisystem physiological perspective of human frailty and its modulation by physical activity. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1137-1191. [PMID: 36239451 PMCID: PMC9886361 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
"Frailty" is a term used to refer to a state characterized by enhanced vulnerability to, and impaired recovery from, stressors compared with a nonfrail state, which is increasingly viewed as a loss of resilience. With increasing life expectancy and the associated rise in years spent with physical frailty, there is a need to understand the clinical and physiological features of frailty and the factors driving it. We describe the clinical definitions of age-related frailty and their limitations in allowing us to understand the pathogenesis of this prevalent condition. Given that age-related frailty manifests in the form of functional declines such as poor balance, falls, and immobility, as an alternative we view frailty from a physiological viewpoint and describe what is known of the organ-based components of frailty, including adiposity, the brain, and neuromuscular, skeletal muscle, immune, and cardiovascular systems, as individual systems and as components in multisystem dysregulation. By doing so we aim to highlight current understanding of the physiological phenotype of frailty and reveal key knowledge gaps and potential mechanistic drivers of the trajectory to frailty. We also review the studies in humans that have intervened with exercise to reduce frailty. We conclude that more longitudinal and interventional clinical studies are required in older adults. Such observational studies should interrogate the progression from a nonfrail to a frail state, assessing individual elements of frailty to produce a deep physiological phenotype of the syndrome. The findings will identify mechanistic drivers of frailty and allow targeted interventions to diminish frailty progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Taylor
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David B Bartlett
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Jackson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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8
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Chao CT, Hung KY. Vascular frailty, a proposal for new frailty type: A narrative review. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:318-325. [PMID: 36866657 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is the incremental accumulation of minute defects that progressively impair health and performance. Frailty is commonly observed in older adults; however, secondary frailty may also occur in patients with metabolic disorders or major organ failure. In addition to physical frailty, several distinct types of frailty have been identified, including oral, cognitive, and social frailty, each of which is of practical importance. This nomenclature suggests that detailed descriptions of frailty can potentially advance relevant researches. In this narrative review, we first summarize the clinical value and plausible biological origin of frailty, as well as how to appropriately assess it using physical frailty phenotypes and frailty indexes. In the second part, we discuss the issue of vascular tissue as a relatively underappreciated organ whose pathologies contribute to the development of physical frailty. Moreover, when vascular tissue undergoes degeneration, it exhibits vulnerability to subtle injuries and manifests a unique phenotype amenable to clinical assessment prior to or accompanying physical frailty development. Finally, we propose that vascular frailty, based on an extensive set of experimental and clinical evidence, can be considered a new frailty type that requires our attention. We also outline potential methods for the operationalization of vascular frailty. Further studies are required to validate our claim and sharpen the spectrum of this degenerative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ter Chao
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Hung
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Gao P, Gan D, Li S, Kang Q, Wang X, Zheng W, Xu X, Zhao X, He W, Wu J, Lu Y, Hsing AW, Zhu S. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between body flexibility and sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:534-544. [PMID: 36564014 PMCID: PMC9891982 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between body flexibility and sarcopenia were not well understood. This study aimed to explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of flexibility with sarcopenia. METHODS Our study selected participants aged 50-80 from the WELL-China cohort and the Lanxi cohort. Participants from the urban area of the Lanxi cohort were followed up 4 years later. Body flexibility was measured by the sit-and-reach test. Muscle mass was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength was evaluated using handgrip strength. Sarcopenia was defined as having both low muscle mass and low muscle strength. We used multivariable logistic regressions to assess the cross-sectional associations of body flexibility with low muscle mass, low muscle strength and sarcopenia. We also used multivariable logistic regressions to explore the associations of baseline flexibility and 4-year changes in flexibility with incident low muscle mass, low muscle strength and sarcopenia. RESULTS A total of 9453 participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional study, and 1233 participants were included in the longitudinal analyses. In the cross-sectional analyses, compared with low body flexibility, high body flexibility was inversely associated with low muscle mass (odds ratio [OR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.68; P < 0.001), low muscle strength (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55-0.69; P < 0.001) and sarcopenia (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.41-0.65; P < 0.001), and these associations did not differ in different age groups, sex or physical activity levels. In the longitudinal analyses, compared with participants with low body flexibility, participants with high body flexibility had lower risk of the incident low muscle strength (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.38-0.74; P < 0.001) and sarcopenia (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.21-0.61; P < 0.001), but not incident low muscle mass (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.33-1.06; P = 0.076). Every 1-cm increase in flexibility during 4 years was associated with reduced risk of incident low muscle mass (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-1.00; P = 0.025), low muscle strength (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.98; P = 0.002) and sarcopenia (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS High flexibility was associated with reduced risk of incident low muscle strength and sarcopenia. Increases in flexibility were associated with reduced risk of incident low muscle mass, low muscle strength and sarcopenia. Flexibility exercises and monitoring the dynamic change of flexibility might be helpful in preventing sarcopenia among adults aged 50 years or over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da Gan
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingcong Kang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanxi, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueyin Zhao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei He
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Joyce Wu
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Romagnolo D, D′Avila A, Migliore F, Vergara P. Editorial: Sport activity: From beneficial effects to cardiac disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1094048. [PMID: 36483294 PMCID: PMC9724559 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1094048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Romagnolo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andre D′Avila
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Federico Migliore
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vergara
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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11
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El Assar M, Álvarez-Bustos A, Sosa P, Angulo J, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Effect of Physical Activity/Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Muscle and Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158713. [PMID: 35955849 PMCID: PMC9369066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional status is considered the main determinant of healthy aging. Impairment in skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, two interrelated systems, results in compromised functional status in aging. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation in older subjects constitute the background for skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system alterations. Aged skeletal muscle mass and strength impairment is related to anabolic resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress and inflammation as well as a reduced antioxidant response and myokine profile. Arterial stiffness and endothelial function stand out as the main cardiovascular alterations related to aging, where increased systemic and vascular oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role. Physical activity and exercise training arise as modifiable determinants of functional outcomes in older persons. Exercise enhances antioxidant response, decreases age-related oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signals, and promotes the activation of anabolic and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways in skeletal muscle. Additionally, exercise improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness by reducing inflammatory and oxidative damage signaling in vascular tissue together with an increase in antioxidant enzymes and nitric oxide availability, globally promoting functional performance and healthy aging. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in aged musculoskeletal and vascular systems and how physical activity/exercise influences functional status in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Sosa
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (IRYCIS-UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-683-93-60 (ext. 6411)
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12
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Heubel AD, Kabbach EZ, Migliato GR, Russo MIS, Brandão GMS, Roscani MG, Borghi-Silva A, Mendes RG. Role of arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction on lower limb performance in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108260. [PMID: 35842303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To verify whether arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction influence lower limb muscle strength and gait speed in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Cross-sectional study including seventy-eight older adults with T2DM (aged 67 ± 6 years and 42 % male). Arterial stiffness was assessed using pulse wave velocity (PWV), while endothelial function was measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Lower limb muscle strength and gait speed were assessed using the 30-second chair stand test (30s-CST) and 10-Meter Walk Test, respectively. RESULTS Both PWV (m/s) and FMD (%) were univariately associated with number of repetitions in 30s-CST and gait speed (P < 0.05). After control for age, sex and body mass index, PWV remained associated with repetitions in 30s-CST (95 % CI: -0.494 to -0.054; P = 0.015) and gait speed (95 % CI: -0.039 to -0.002; P = 0.031). After adjustments for control variables, T2DM duration and glycemic control, FMD was associated with repetitions in 30s-CST (95 % CI: 0.008 to 0.324; P = 0.039) and gait speed (95 % CI: 0.011 to 0.038; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION In older adults with T2DM, both arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are associated with decreased leg muscle strength and slower gait speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Domingues Heubel
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory (LACAP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Erika Zavaglia Kabbach
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory (LACAP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Romano Migliato
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory (LACAP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabella Santos Russo
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory (LACAP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Meliza Goi Roscani
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Medicine, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory (LACAP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Renata Gonçalves Mendes
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory (LACAP), São Carlos, Brazil.
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13
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Xiang Y, You Z, Huang X, Dai J, Zhang J, Nie S, Xu L, Jiang J, Xu J. Oxidative stress-induced premature senescence and aggravated denervated skeletal muscular atrophy by regulating progerin-p53 interaction. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:19. [PMID: 35906707 PMCID: PMC9335985 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progerin elevates atrophic gene expression and helps modify the nuclear membrane to cause severe muscle pathology, which is similar to muscle weakness in the elderly, to alter the development and function of the skeletal muscles. Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS), a state of cell growth arrest owing to such stimuli as oxidation, can be caused by progerin. However, evidence for whether SIPS-induced progerin accumulation is connected to denervation-induced muscle atrophy is not sufficient. Methods Flow cytometry and a reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitors were used to assess the effect of oxidation on protein (p53), progerin, and nuclear progerin–p53 interaction in the denervated muscles of models of mice suffering from sciatic injury. Loss-of-function approach with the targeted deletion of p53 was used to assess connection among SIPS, denervated muscle atrophy, and fibrogenesis. Results The augmentation of ROS and iNOS-derived NO in the denervated muscles of models of mice suffering from sciatic injury upregulates p53 and progerin. The abnormal accumulation of progerin in the nuclear membrane as well as the activation of nuclear progerin–p53 interaction triggered premature senescence in the denervated muscle cells of mice. The p53-dependent SIPS in denervated muscles contributes to their atrophy and fibrogenesis. Conclusion Oxidative stress-triggered premature senescence via nuclear progerin–p53 interaction that promotes denervated skeletal muscular atrophy and fibrogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13395-022-00302-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxian Xiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongqi You
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Huang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxi Dai
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Nie
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjian Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, (Fudan University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Pyroptosis and Sarcopenia: Frontier Perspective of Disease Mechanism. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071078. [PMID: 35406642 PMCID: PMC8998102 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With global ageing, sarcopenia, as an age-related disease, has brought a heavy burden to individuals and society. Increasing attention has been given to further exploring the morbidity mechanism and intervention measures for sarcopenia. Pyroptosis, also known as cellular inflammatory necrosis, is a kind of regulated cell death that plays a role in the ageing progress at the cellular level. It is closely related to age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, osteoarthritis, and sarcopenia. In the process of ageing, aggravated oxidative stress and poor skeletal muscle perfusion in ageing muscle tissues can activate the nod-like receptor (NLRP) family to trigger pyroptosis. Chronic inflammation is a representative characteristic of ageing. The levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α may activate the signaling pathways of pyroptosis by the NF-κB-GSDMD axis, which remains to be further studied. Autophagy is a protective mechanism in maintaining the integrity of intracellular organelles and the survival of cells in adverse conditions. The autophagy of skeletal muscle cells can inhibit the activation of the pyroptosis pathway to some extent. A profound understanding of the mechanism of pyroptosis in sarcopenia may help to identify new therapeutic targets in the future. This review article focuses on the role of pyroptosis in the development and progression of sarcopenia.
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15
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Banks NF, Rogers EM, Church DD, Ferrando AA, Jenkins NDM. The contributory role of vascular health in age-related anabolic resistance. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:114-127. [PMID: 34951146 PMCID: PMC8818606 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, or the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is an increasingly prevalent condition that contributes to reduced quality of life, morbidity, and mortality in older adults. Older adults display blunted anabolic responses to otherwise anabolic stimuli-a phenomenon that has been termed anabolic resistance (AR)-which is likely a casual factor in sarcopenia development. AR is multifaceted, but historically much of the mechanistic focus has been on signalling impairments, and less focus has been placed on the role of the vasculature in postprandial protein kinetics. The vascular endothelium plays an indispensable role in regulating vascular tone and blood flow, and age-related impairments in vascular health may impede nutrient-stimulated vasodilation and subsequently the ability to deliver nutrients (e.g. amino acids) to skeletal muscle. Although the majority of data has been obtained studying younger adults, the relatively limited data on the effect of blood flow on protein kinetics in older adults suggest that vasodilatory function, especially of the microvasculature, strongly influences the muscle protein synthetic response to amino acid feedings. In this narrative review, we examine evidence of AR in older adults following amino acid and mixed meal consumption, examine the evidence linking vascular dysfunction and insulin resistance to age-related AR, review the influence of nitric oxide and endothelin-1 on age-related vascular dysfunction as it relates to AR, briefly review the potential causal role of arterial stiffness in promoting skeletal muscle microvascular dysfunction and AR, and provide a brief overview and future considerations for research examining age-related AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nile F Banks
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Emily M Rogers
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David D Church
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Arny A Ferrando
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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16
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Aminuddin A, Noor Hashim MF, Mohd Zaberi NAS, Zheng Wei L, Ching Chu B, Jamaludin NA, Salamt N, Che Roos NA, Ugusman A. The Association Between Arterial Stiffness and Muscle Indices Among Healthy Subjects and Subjects With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: An Evidence-Based Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:742338. [PMID: 34887771 PMCID: PMC8650579 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.742338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the major tissues in the body and is important for performing daily physical activity. Previous studies suggest that vascular dysfunction contributes to reduced skeletal muscle mass. However, the association between vascular dysfunction and muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle flexibility are less established. Therefore, the focus of this review was to investigate the association between arterial stiffness (AS) which is a marker of vascular function, and muscle indices among healthy and those with cardiovascular risk factors. Three databases were used to search for relevant studies. These keywords were used: "arterial stiffness" OR "vascular stiffness" OR "aortic stiffness" OR "pulse wave velocity" OR "carotid femoral pulse wave velocity" OR "pulse wave analysis" AND "muscle" OR "skeletal" OR "flexibility" OR "range of motion" OR "articular" OR "arthrometry" OR "strength" OR "hand strength" OR "pinch strength" OR "mass" OR "lean" OR "body composition." The criteria were; (1) original, full-text articles, (2) articles written in English language, (3) human studies involving healthy adults and/or adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD risk factors (4) articles that reported the relationship between AS (measured as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity or brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity) and muscle indices (measured as muscle mass, muscle flexibility and muscle strength) after adjusting for relevant confounders. The search identified 2295 articles published between 1971 and June 2021. Only 17 articles fulfilled the criteria. Two studies showed an inverse association between AS and muscle strength in healthy subjects, whereas in subjects with CVD risk factors, five out of seven studies found an inverse correlation between the two parameters. Eleven studies showed an inverse association between AS and muscle mass in subjects with CVD and CVD risk factors. The association between AS and muscle flexibility was not studied in any of the articles reviewed. In conclusion, there is an inverse correlation between muscle indices and AS in healthy adults and those with CVD or CVD risk factors. However, most of the studies were cross-sectional studies, hence the need for future prospective studies to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Lee Zheng Wei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Beh Ching Chu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalina Jamaludin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Norizam Salamt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Che Roos
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
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17
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Exercise as a Peripheral Circadian Clock Resynchronizer in Vascular and Skeletal Muscle Aging. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412949. [PMID: 34948558 PMCID: PMC8702158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by several progressive physiological changes, including changes in the circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythms influence behavior, physiology, and metabolic processes in order to maintain homeostasis; they also influence the function of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells in the vessel wall. A clock misalignment could favor vascular damage and indirectly also affect skeletal muscle function. In this review, we focus on the dysregulation of circadian rhythm due to aging and its relationship with skeletal muscle changes and vascular health as possible risk factors for the development of sarcopenia, as well as the role of physical exercise as a potential modulator of these processes.
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18
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Morgunova GV, Shilovsky GA, Khokhlov AN. Effect of Caloric Restriction on Aging: Fixing the Problems of Nutrient Sensing in Postmitotic Cells? BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1352-1367. [PMID: 34903158 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses the role of metabolic disorders (in particular, insulin resistance) in the development of age-related diseases and normal aging with special emphasis on the changes in postmitotic cells of higher organisms. Caloric restriction helps to prevent such metabolic disorders, which could probably explain its ability to prolong the lifespan of laboratory animals. Maintaining metabolic homeostasis is especially important for the highly differentiated long-lived body cells, whose lifespan is comparable to the lifespan of the organism itself. Normal functioning of these cells can be ensured only upon correct functioning of the cytoplasm clean-up system and availability of all required nutrients and energy sources. One of the central problems in gerontology is the age-related disruption of glucose metabolism leading to obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and other related pathologies. Along with the adipose tissue, skeletal muscles are the main consumers of insulin; hence the physical activity of muscles, which supports their energy metabolism, delays the onset of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance disrupts the metabolism of cardiomyocytes, so that they fail to utilize the nutrients to perform their functions even being surrounded by a nutrient-rich environment, which contributes to the development of age-related cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic pathologies also alter the nutrient sensitivity of neurons, thus disrupting the action of insulin in the central nervous system. In addition, there is evidence that neurons can develop insulin resistance as well. It has been suggested that affecting nutritional sensors (e.g., AMPK) in postmitotic cells might improve the state of the entire multicellular organism, slow down its aging, and increase the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Morgunova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Gregory A Shilovsky
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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19
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Lopes KG, Farinatti P, Bottino DA, de Souza MDGC, Maranhão PA, Bouskela E, Lourenço RA, de Oliveira RB. Sarcopenia in the elderly versus microcirculation, inflammation status, and oxidative stress: A cross-sectional study. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 80:185-195. [PMID: 34511490 DOI: 10.3233/ch-211202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related mechanisms of sarcopenia associated with vascular function have been recently suggested. This study compared and tested associations between muscle mass and strength, microcirculation, inflammatory biomarkers, and oxidative stress in older adults classified as sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic. METHODS Thirty-three physically inactive individuals (72±7 yrs) were assigned to age-matched sarcopenic (SG) and non-sarcopenic (NSG) groups. Between-group comparisons were performed for appendicular skeletal mass (ASM), handgrip and isokinetic strength, microvascular function and morphology, C-reactive protein, insulin-like growth factor-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, endothelin-1, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. RESULTS ASM and knee isokinetic strength were lower in SG than NSG (P < 0.05). No difference between groups was found for outcomes of microvascular function and morphology, but log-transformed IL-6 concentration was twice greater in SG vs. NSG (P = 0.02). Correlations between ASM index, handgrip and knee isokinetic strength vs. markers of microcirculatory function, capillary diameters, vascular reactivity, and endothelial injury were found only in SG. CONCLUSION Decreased ASM index and strength have been associated with microcirculatory profile, indicating that microcirculation impairment may be involved somehow in Sarcopenia development. The inflammation status, particularly elevated IL-6, seems to play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karynne Grutter Lopes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Alexandre Bottino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Alves Maranhão
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Alves Lourenço
- Research Laboratory on Human Aging, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
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20
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Pickering ME. Cross-Talks between the Cardiovascular Disease-Sarcopenia-Osteoporosis Triad and Magnesium in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169102. [PMID: 34445808 PMCID: PMC8396464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is a pivotal and very complex component of healthy aging in the cardiovascular-muscle-bone triad. Low Mg levels and low Mg intake are common in the general aging population and are associated with poorer outcomes than higher levels, including vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, osteoporosis, or muscle dysfunction/sarcopenia. While Mg supplementation appears to reverse these processes and benefit the triad, more randomized clinical trials are needed. These will allow improvement of preventive and curative strategies and propose guidelines regarding the pharmaceutical forms and the dosages and durations of treatment in order to optimize and adapt Mg prescription for healthy aging and for older vulnerable persons with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eva Pickering
- Rheumatology Department, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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21
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Kim SH, Choi G, Song Y, Yoon H, Jeong HM, Gu JE, Han M, Heo J, Yoo JJ, Yoon JW, Kim H. Low Muscle Mass in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: Correlations with Vascular Calcification and Vascular Access Failure. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3698. [PMID: 34441991 PMCID: PMC8396811 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia involves an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass with functional disability or low muscle strength. Vascular calcification (VC) occurs commonly in patients with chronic kidney disease, in whom it is associated with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the correlations of low muscle mass with the quantified vascular calcification score (VCS) of the arm of vascular access, as well as whether low muscle mass is associated with the incidence of vascular access failure. Methods: The VCS was measured on non-contrast, arm computed tomography using the Agatston method. The lower muscle mass (LMM) group comprised subjects whose skeletal muscle mass of the lower extremities, as measured using bioelectrical impedance, was lower than the median. Higher VC was defined as a score of 500 or above, corresponding to the highest 40% of VCS. The relationship between LMM and VC was explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Seventy-five patients were included, of whom forty-two (56.0%) were men. The median age was 64 years (interquartile range 58-72 years). Of the 75 patients, 73 satisfied the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. The median hemodialysis vintage was 49.4 months (range 32.1-99.2 months). No significant differences were found between the non-LMM and LMM groups in sex, end-stage renal disease etiology, and type of vascular access, although the LMM group showed significantly older age and hemodialysis vintage. LMM presented a significant association with VC (hazard ratio (HR) 3.562; 95% CI, 1.341-9.463; p = 0.011). Upon adjustment for hemodialysis vintage, diabetes, and systolic blood pressure, LMM demonstrated an independent association with VC (HR, 10.415; 95% CI, 2.357-46.024; p = 0.002). The risk of vascular access failure was higher in the LMM group (HR, 3.652; 95%, CI 1.135-11.749; p = 0.03). VC was a full mediator in the relationship of LMM with recurrent vascular access failure. Conclusions: We quantified LMM via bioimpedance analysis and found a heretofore-unreported association between LMM and vascular access failure. LMM increases the risk of VC and has the potential to predict vascular access failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Gwangho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Youngjin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Hojung Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Hae Min Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Jae Eon Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Miyeun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07247, Korea;
| | - Jongho Heo
- National Assembly Futures Institute, Seoul 07233, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon 14584, Korea;
| | - Jong-woo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Hyunsuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
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22
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Szulc P, Chapurlat R. Rapid Progression of Aortic Calcification in Older Men with Low Appendicular Lean Mass and Poor Physical Function. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:1217-1225. [PMID: 34866148 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessment of the progression of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) may be a surrogate marker of the impact of physical function on cardiovascular risk. Our aim was to assess the risk of rapid AAC progression in older men with low relative appendicular lean mass (RALM) and poor physical function. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Community-dwelling older men. PARTICIPANTS 621 men aged 50-85 followed prospectively (baseline, 3 and 7.5 years). MEASUREMENTS Body composition was assessed by DXA. Poor physical function was defined as incapacity to perform ≥1 of 5 clinical tests (balance, muscle strength). AAC was assessed using Kauppila's semiquantitative score. Reclassification improvement was assessed by comparing the areas under the curve (AUC) using DeLong's method. RESULTS Rapid AAC progression (>0.6 point/year) was found in 168 men (27.1%). After adjustment for confounders including baseline AAC, the risk of rapid AAC progression increased with lower RALM (OR=1.42/SD, 95%CI: 1.09-1.86, p<0.01) and was higher in the lowest (<7.5kg/m2) vs. highest (>8.6kg/m2) quartile (OR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.17-3.95, p<0.01). Poor physical performance was associated with rapid AAC progression (OR=2.76, 95%CI: 1.48-5.91, p<0.005). Low RALM (<7.84kg/m2 defined using Youden's index) and poor physical function contributed to the risk of rapid AAC progression jointly. Men who had low RALM and poor physical function had higher risk of rapid AAC progression vs. men without these traits (OR=4.66, 95%CI: 1.72-12.62, p<0.05). RALM and physical function improved the identification of men with rapid AAC progression (DAUC=0.026, 95%CI: 0.005-0.046, p<0.05) after adjustment for confounders including baseline AAC score. CONCLUSIONS Low RALM and poor physical function are associated with higher risk of rapid AAC progression and possibly represent another measure of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szulc
- Pawel Szulc, MD PhD, INSERM UMR 1033, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France,
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