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Madadi AK, Sohn MJ. Advances in Intrathecal Nanoparticle Delivery: Targeting the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier for Enhanced CNS Drug Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1070. [PMID: 39204177 PMCID: PMC11357388 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) tightly regulates molecular exchanges between the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), creating challenges for effective central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery. This review assesses intrathecal (IT) nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems that aim to enhance drug delivery by circumventing the BCSFB, complementing approaches that target the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) face hurdles like restricted CNS distribution and rapid clearance, which diminish the efficacy of IT therapies. NPs can be engineered to extend drug circulation times, improve CNS penetration, and facilitate sustained release. This review discusses key pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters essential for the effectiveness of these systems. NPs can quickly traverse the subarachnoid space and remain within the leptomeninges for extended periods, often exceeding three weeks. Some designs enable deeper brain parenchyma penetration. Approximately 80% of NPs in the CSF are cleared through the perivascular glymphatic pathway, with microglia-mediated transport significantly contributing to their paravascular clearance. This review synthesizes recent progress in IT-NP delivery across the BCSFB, highlighting critical findings, ongoing challenges, and the therapeutic potential of surface modifications and targeted delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Khalid Madadi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Inje University, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjingu, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea;
| | - Moon-Jun Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Inje University, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjingu, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience & Radiosurgery Hybrid Research Center, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang City 10380, Republic of Korea
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2
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Liu Y, Leng C, Li Y, Zhou M, Ye X, Li C, Xia X, Sun B, Shu X, Liu W. A novel p55PIK signaling peptide inhibitor alleviates neuroinflammation via the STAT3/NF-kB signaling pathway in experimental stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107736. [PMID: 38679216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke remains the predominant contributor to mortality and disability globally. Microglia undergo rapid activation and initiate inflammatory cascade reactions by phenotypic polarization, participating in the regulation of inflammatory injury and tissue repair post-ischemic stroke. Regulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Previously, we designed and synthesized a novel p55PIK inhibitor, TAT-N15 polypeptide, which presents inhibitive activity on NF-κB signaling-mediated inflammation in acute conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis. The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of TAT-N15 on ischemia stroke. METHODS The mouse model of transient cerebral ischemia was made using the intraluminal filament method. After being treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of TAT-N15 (10 mg/kg) for 7 d, the neurological outcomes and the cerebral infarction volume were evaluated. Histopathology of the ischemia cerebral hemisphere was observed by H&E and Nissl staining. Neuronal survival, astrogliosis, and co-labeling of CD86/Iba1 and CD206/Iba1 were detected by immunofluorescence. The cell apoptosis was estimated by TUNEL staining. The expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, protein markers of M1 and M2 microglia, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB and STAT3 proteins in the ischemic penumbra were detected by Western blot. RESULTS TAT-N15 treatment significantly decreased the infarct volume and alleviated neurological functional impairment, neuronal injury, and neuron apoptosis. Meanwhile, TAT-N15 treatment restrained the activation of microglia and astrocytes as well as the protein expression of proinflammatory cytokine in ischemic penumbra. Additionally, the administration of TAT-N15 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the density of M1 phenotype microglia while concurrently increasing the density of M2 phenotype microglia within the ischemic penumbra. Finally, mechanical analysis unveiled that TAT-N15 exerted a substantial inhibitory effect on the protein expression of phosphorylated STAT3 and NF-κB. CONCLUSION TAT-N15 may inhibit neuroinflammation via regulating microglia activation and polarization through the STAT3/NF-κB pathway, which exhibits the neuroprotection effect in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Changlong Leng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Youwei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiansheng Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Chaoxing Li
- Wuhan Yicheng Biotechnology Co., Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xianmin Xia
- Wuhan Yicheng Biotechnology Co., Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Binlian Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiji Shu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
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3
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Sadeghian I, Akbarpour M, Chafjiri FMA, Chafjiri PMA, Heidari R, Morowvat MH, Sadeghian R, Raee MJ, Negahdaripour M. Potential of oligonucleotide- and protein/peptide-based therapeutics in the management of toxicant/stressor-induced diseases. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1275-1310. [PMID: 37688622 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to toxicants/stressors has been linked to the development of many human diseases. They could affect various cellular components, such as DNA, proteins, lipids, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), thereby triggering various cellular pathways, particularly oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis, which can contribute to pathophysiological states. Accordingly, modulation of these pathways has been the focus of numerous investigations for managing related diseases. The involvement of various ncRNAs, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNAs (miRNA), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), as well as various proteins and peptides in mediating these pathways, provides many target sites for pharmaceutical intervention. In this regard, various oligonucleotide- and protein/peptide-based therapies have been developed to treat toxicity-induced diseases, which have shown promising results in vitro and in vivo. This comprehensive review provides information about various aspects of toxicity-related diseases including their causing factors, main underlying mechanisms and intermediates, and their roles in pathophysiological states. Particularly, it highlights the principles and mechanisms of oligonucleotide- and protein/peptide-based therapies in the treatment of toxicity-related diseases. Furthermore, various issues of oligonucleotides and proteins/peptides for clinical usage and potential solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Sadeghian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Biotechnology Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Akbarpour
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Morowvat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Javad Raee
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Calahorra J, Araujo-Abad S, Granadino-Roldán JM, Naranjo Á, Martínez-Lara E, Siles E. Tyrosol: Repercussion of the Lack of a Hydroxyl-Group in the Response of MCF-7 Cells to Hypoxia. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37379464 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In solid tumors, such as breast cancer, hypoxic microenvironment worsens patient prognoses. We have previously reported in MCF-7 breast cancer cells that, under hypoxic conditions, hydroxytyrosol (HT) downregulates the level of reactive oxygen species, reduces the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and, at high concentrations, can bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). With this background, the present study investigated whether the most abundant extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenolic compound tyrosol (TYR), with a chemical structure similar to HT but with only one hydroxyl group, exerts comparable effects. Our results revealed that, although TYR did not show any antioxidant activity in hypoxic MCF-7 cells, it inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6 kinase (S6K) pathway and reduced the expression of HIF-1α and some of its target genes. Besides, TYR showed a lower binding affinity with the cytosolic transcription factor AhR, and even reduced its transcriptional activity. Some of these results are positive to control tumor progression in a hypoxic environment; however, they are observed at doses unachievable with diet intake or nutraceutical presentations. Considering that EVOO phenols can have synergistic effects, a mixture of low doses of TYR and other phenols could be useful to achieve these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Calahorra
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | - Ángela Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Eva Siles
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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5
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Chan ASY, Tun SBB, Lynn MN, Ho C, Tun TA, Girard MJA, Sultana R, Barathi VA, Aung T, Aihara M. Intravitreal Neuroglobin Mitigates Primate Experimental Glaucomatous Structural Damage in Association with Reduced Optic Nerve Microglial and Complement 3-Astrocyte Activation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:961. [PMID: 37371541 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current management of glaucomatous optic neuropathy is limited to intraocular pressure control. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an endogenous neuroprotectant expressed in neurons and astrocytes. We recently showed that exogenous intravitreal Ngb reduced inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation in a rodent model of hypoxia. We thus hypothesised that IVT-Ngb may also be neuroprotective in experimental glaucoma (EG) by mitigating optic nerve (ON) astrogliosis and microgliosis as well as structural damage. In this study using a microbead-induced model of EG in six Cynomolgus primates, optical coherence imaging showed that Ngb-treated EG eyes had significantly less thinning of the peripapillary minimum rim width, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, and ON head cupping than untreated EG eyes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that ON astrocytes overexpressed Ngb following Ngb treatment. A reduction in complement 3 and cleaved-caspase 3 activated microglia and astrocytes was also noted. Our findings in higher-order primates recapitulate the effects of neuroprotection by Ngb treatment in rodent EG studies and suggest that Ngb may be a potential candidate for glaucoma neuroprotection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Y Chan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sai B B Tun
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Myoe N Lynn
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Candice Ho
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Tin A Tun
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Michaël J A Girard
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmic Engineering & Innovation Laboratory (OEIL), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | | | - Veluchamy A Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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Activated AMPK Protects Against Chronic Cerebral Ischemia in Bilateral Carotid Artery Stenosis Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01312-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Blanco S, Martínez-Lara E, Siles E, Peinado MÁ. New Strategies for Stroke Therapy: Nanoencapsulated Neuroglobin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081737. [PMID: 36015363 PMCID: PMC9412405 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a global health and socio-economic problem. However, no efficient preventive and/or palliative treatments have yet been found. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an endogen neuroprotective protein, but it only exerts its beneficial action against stroke after increasing its basal levels. Therefore, its systemic administration appears to be an efficient therapy applicable to stroke and other neurodegenerative pathologies. Unfortunately, Ngb cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making its direct pharmacological use unfeasible. Thus, the association of Ngb with a drug delivery system (DDS), such as nanoparticles (NPs), appears to be a good strategy for overcoming this handicap. NPs are a type of DDS which efficiently transport Ngb and increase its bioavailability in the infarcted area. Hence, we previously built hyaluronate NPS linked to Ngb (Ngb-NPs) as a therapeutic tool against stroke. This nanoformulation induced an improvement of the cerebral infarct prognosis. However, this innovative therapy is still in development, and a more in-depth study focusing on its long-lasting neuroprotectant and neuroregenerative capabilities is needed. In short, this review aims to update the state-of-the-art of stroke therapies based on Ngb, paying special attention to the use of nanotechnological drug-delivering tools.
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8
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Sadeghian I, Heidari R, Raee MJ, Negahdaripour M. Cell-penetrating peptide-mediated delivery of therapeutic peptides/proteins to manage the diseases involving oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1085-1116. [PMID: 35728949 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peptides and proteins represent great potential for modulating various cellular processes including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis and consequently the treatment of related diseases. However, their therapeutic effects are limited by their inability to cross cellular barriers. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which can transport cargoes into the cell, could resolve this issue, as would be discussed in this review. KEY FINDINGS CPPs have been successfully exploited in vitro and in vivo for peptide/protein delivery to treat a wide range of diseases involving oxidative stress, inflammatory processes and apoptosis. Their in vivo applications are still limited due to some fundamental issues of CPPs, including nonspecificity, proteolytic instability, potential toxicity and immunogenicity. SUMMARY Totally, CPPs could potentially help to manage the diseases involving oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis by delivering peptides/proteins that could selectively reach proper intracellular targets. More studies to overcome related CPP limitations and confirm the efficacy and safety of this strategy are needed before their clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Sadeghian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Biotechnology Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Raee
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Peinado MÁ, Ovelleiro D, del Moral ML, Hernández R, Martínez-Lara E, Siles E, Pedrajas JR, García-Martín ML, Caro C, Peralta S, Morales ME, Ruiz MA, Blanco S. Biological Implications of a Stroke Therapy Based in Neuroglobin Hyaluronate Nanoparticles. Neuroprotective Role and Molecular Bases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:247. [PMID: 35008673 PMCID: PMC8745106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous neuroprotective protein neuroglobin (Ngb) cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. To overcome this difficulty, we synthesized hyaluronate nanoparticles (NPs), able to deliver Ngb into the brain in an animal model of stroke (MCAO). These NPs effectively reached neurons, and were microscopically identified after 24 h of reperfusion. Compared to MCAO non-treated animals, those treated with Ngb-NPs showed survival rates up to 50% higher, and better neurological scores. Tissue damage improved with the treatment, but no changes in the infarct volume or in the oxidative/nitrosative values were detected. A proteomics approach (p-value < 0.02; fold change = 0.05) in the infarcted areas showed a total of 219 proteins that significantly changed their expression after stroke and treatment with Ngb-NPs. Of special interest, are proteins such as FBXO7 and NTRK2, which were downexpressed in stroke, but overexpressed after treatment with Ngb-NPs; and ATX2L, which was overexpressed only under the effect of Ngb. Interestingly, the proteins affected by the treatment with Ngb were involved in mitochondrial function and cell death, endocytosis, protein metabolism, cytoskeletal remodeling, or synaptic function, and in regenerative processes, such as dendritogenesis, neuritogenesis, or sinaptogenesis. Consequently, our pharmaceutical preparation may open new therapeutic scopes for stroke and possibly for other neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Peinado
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - David Ovelleiro
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - María Luisa del Moral
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Raquel Hernández
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Esther Martínez-Lara
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Eva Siles
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - José Rafael Pedrajas
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - María Luisa García-Martín
- BIONAND-Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.L.G.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlos Caro
- BIONAND-Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.L.G.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Sebastián Peralta
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Campus de Cartuja s/n, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - María Encarnación Morales
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Campus de Cartuja s/n, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - María Adolfina Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Campus de Cartuja s/n, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.P.); (M.E.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Santos Blanco
- Department of Experimental Biology, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, University of Jaén, Building B3, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (D.O.); (M.L.d.M.); (R.H.); (E.M.-L.); (E.S.); (J.R.P.)
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Patel D, Wairkar S. Biotechnology-based therapeutics for management of cerebral stroke. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174638. [PMID: 34801531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke, commonly caused due to hindrance in blood flow, is broadly classified into two categories-ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes. The onset of stroke triggers multiple mechanisms causing inflammation, generation of free radicals and protein damage leading to apoptosis of neuronal cells. The current therapies available for cerebral strokes involve use of complex surgical treatments and tissue plasminogen activator which increases the risk of internal bleeding, brain edema and cerebral damage, thereby restricting their use in clinical setting. The alarming need to develop safe, effective, target specific systems which, promote neuronal growth and reduce cerebral inflammation can be accomplished with use of biotechnological approaches. The article gives an insight to biotechnology-based advancements for tissue plasminogen activators, cell penetrating peptides, growth factors, ribonucleic acid systems and monoclonal antibodies for cerebral stroke. We also emphasis on challenges and future perspective of biotechnology-based therapeutics for better management of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrumi Patel
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India
| | - Sarika Wairkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India.
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De Simone G, Sbardella D, Oddone F, Pesce A, Coletta M, Ascenzi P. Structural and (Pseudo-)Enzymatic Properties of Neuroglobin: Its Possible Role in Neuroprotection. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123366. [PMID: 34943874 PMCID: PMC8699588 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb), the third member of the globin family, was discovered in human and murine brains in 2000. This monomeric globin is structurally similar to myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb) α and β subunits, but it hosts a bis-histidyl six-coordinated heme-Fe atom. Therefore, the heme-based reactivity of Ngb is modulated by the dissociation of the distal HisE7-heme-Fe bond, which reflects in turn the redox state of the cell. The high Ngb levels (~100–200 μM) present in the retinal ganglion cell layer and in the optic nerve facilitate the O2 buffer and delivery. In contrast, the very low levels of Ngb (~1 μM) in most tissues and organs support (pseudo-)enzymatic properties including NO/O2 metabolism, peroxynitrite and free radical scavenging, nitrite, hydroxylamine, hydrogen sulfide reduction, and the nitration of aromatic compounds. Here, structural and (pseudo-)enzymatic properties of Ngb, which are at the root of tissue and organ protection, are reviewed, envisaging a possible role in the protection from neuronal degeneration of the retina and the optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna De Simone
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy;
| | | | | | - Alessandra Pesce
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16100 Genova, Italy;
| | - Massimo Coletta
- IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Roma, Italy; (D.S.); (F.O.)
- Dipartmento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (P.A.); Tel.: +39-06-72596365 (M.C.); +39-06-57336321 (P.A.)
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy;
- Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Via della Lungara 10, 00165 Roma, Italy
- Unità di Neuroendocrinologia, Metabolismo e Neurofarmacologia, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (P.A.); Tel.: +39-06-72596365 (M.C.); +39-06-57336321 (P.A.)
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12
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Hypoxia Tolerant Species: The Wisdom of Nature Translated into Targets for Stroke Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011131. [PMID: 34681788 PMCID: PMC8537001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neurons rapidly die after ischemia and current therapies for stroke management are limited to restoration of blood flow to prevent further brain damage. Thrombolytics and mechanical thrombectomy are the available reperfusion treatments, but most of the patients remain untreated. Neuroprotective therapies focused on treating the pathogenic cascade of the disease have widely failed. However, many animal species demonstrate that neurons can survive the lack of oxygen for extended periods of time. Here, we reviewed the physiological and molecular pathways inherent to tolerant species that have been described to contribute to hypoxia tolerance. Among them, Foxo3 and Eif5A were reported to mediate anoxic survival in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively, and those results were confirmed in experimental models of stroke. In humans however, the multiple mechanisms involved in brain cell death after a stroke causes translation difficulties to arise making necessary a timely and coordinated control of the pathological changes. We propose here that, if we were able to plagiarize such natural hypoxia tolerance through drugs combined in a pharmacological cocktail it would open new therapeutic opportunities for stroke and likely, for other hypoxic conditions.
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13
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Role of Neuroglobin in the Neuroprotective Actions of Estradiol and Estrogenic Compounds. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081907. [PMID: 34440676 PMCID: PMC8391807 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estradiol exerts neuroprotective actions that are mediated by the regulation of a variety of signaling pathways and homeostatic molecules. Among these is neuroglobin, which is upregulated by estradiol and translocated to the mitochondria to sustain neuronal and glial cell adaptation to injury. In this paper, we will discuss the role of neuroglobin in the neuroprotective mechanisms elicited by estradiol acting on neurons, astrocytes and microglia. We will also consider the role of neuroglobin in the neuroprotective actions of clinically relevant synthetic steroids, such as tibolone. Finally, the possible contribution of the estrogenic regulation of neuroglobin to the generation of sex differences in brain pathology and the potential application of neuroglobin as therapy against neurological diseases will be examined.
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14
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Fiocchetti M, Cracco P, Montalesi E, Solar Fernandez V, Stuart JA, Marino M. Neuroglobin and mitochondria: The impact on neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 701:108823. [PMID: 33675812 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondria have severe consequences on cell functions including Reactive Oxygen Specie (ROS) generation, alteration of mitochondrial signaling, Ca2+ buffering, and activation of apoptotic pathway. These dysfunctions are closely linked with degenerative diseases including neurodegeneration. The discovery of neuroglobin (NGB) as an endogenous neuroprotective protein, which effects seem to depend on its mitochondrial localization, could drive new therapeutic strategies against aged-related neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, high levels of NGB are active against several brain injuries, including neurodegeneration, hypoxia, ischemia, toxicity, and nutrient deprivation opening a new scenario in the comprehension of the relationship between neural pathologies and mitochondrial homeostasis. In this review, we provide the current understanding of the role of mitochondria in neurodegeneration and discuss structural and functional connection between NGB and mitochondria with the purpose of defining a novel mitochondrial-based neuroprotective mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446 -00146, Rome, Italy; Neuroendocrinology, Metabolism, and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Cracco
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446 -00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Montalesi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446 -00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jeffrey A Stuart
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Brock University, St. Catharines L2S 3A1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446 -00146, Rome, Italy; Neuroendocrinology, Metabolism, and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Rose JJ, Bocian KA, Xu Q, Wang L, DeMartino AW, Chen X, Corey CG, Guimarães DA, Azarov I, Huang XN, Tong Q, Guo L, Nouraie M, McTiernan CF, O'Donnell CP, Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. A neuroglobin-based high-affinity ligand trap reverses carbon monoxide-induced mitochondrial poisoning. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6357-6371. [PMID: 32205448 PMCID: PMC7212636 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) remains the most common cause of human poisoning. The consequences of CO poisoning include cardiac dysfunction, brain injury, and death. CO causes toxicity by binding to hemoglobin and by inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), thereby decreasing oxygen delivery and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. We have recently developed a CO antidote based on human neuroglobin (Ngb-H64Q-CCC). This molecule enhances clearance of CO from red blood cells in vitro and in vivo Herein, we tested whether Ngb-H64Q-CCC can also scavenge CO from CcO and attenuate CO-induced inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Heart tissue from mice exposed to 3% CO exhibited a 42 ± 19% reduction in tissue respiration rate and a 33 ± 38% reduction in CcO activity compared with unexposed mice. Intravenous infusion of Ngb-H64Q-CCC restored respiration rates to that of control mice correlating with higher electron transport chain CcO activity in Ngb-H64Q-CCC-treated compared with PBS-treated, CO-poisoned mice. Further, using a Clark-type oxygen electrode, we measured isolated rat liver mitochondrial respiration in the presence and absence of saturating solutions of CO (160 μm) and nitric oxide (100 μm). Both CO and NO inhibited respiration, and treatment with Ngb-H64Q-CCC (100 and 50 μm, respectively) significantly reversed this inhibition. These results suggest that Ngb-H64Q-CCC mitigates CO toxicity by scavenging CO from carboxyhemoglobin, improving systemic oxygen delivery and reversing the inhibitory effects of CO on mitochondria. We conclude that Ngb-H64Q-CCC or other CO scavengers demonstrate potential as antidotes that reverse the clinical and molecular effects of CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Kaitlin A Bocian
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Anthony W DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Xiukai Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Catherine G Corey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Danielle A Guimarães
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Ivan Azarov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Xueyin N Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Qin Tong
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Lanping Guo
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Charles F McTiernan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Christopher P O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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16
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Tejero J. Negative surface charges in neuroglobin modulate the interaction with cytochrome c. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:567-572. [PMID: 31937411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin is a heme protein present in the nervous system cells of mammals and other organisms. Although cytoprotective effects of neuroglobin on neuronal damage have been reported, the physiological mechanisms of neuroglobin function remain unknown. In recent years, a role for neuroglobin as a reductant for extramitochondrial cytochrome c has been proposed. According to this hypothesis, cytoplasmic neuroglobin can interact with cytochrome c released from the mitochondria and reduce its heme group to the ferrous state, thus preventing cytochrome c-dependent assembly of the apoptosome. The interaction of neuroglobin and cytochrome c has been studied by surface plasmon resonance techniques and molecular dynamics, however the empirical evidence on the specific residues of neuroglobin and cytochrome c involved in the interaction is scarce and indirect. This study analyzes the role of five negatively charged residues in the neuroglobin surface putatively involved in the interaction with cytochrome c - Glu60, Asp63, Asp73, Glu 87 and Glu151 - by site-directed mutagenesis. Characterization of the electron transfer between neuroglobin mutants and cytochrome c indicates that Asp73 is critical for the interaction, and Glu60, Asp63 and Glu87 also contribute to the neuroglobin-cytochrome c interaction. Based on the results, structures and binding surfaces for the neuroglobin-cytochrome c complex compatible with the experimental observations are proposed. These data can guide further studies on neuroglobin function and its involvement in cytochrome c signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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17
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Blanco S, Peralta S, Morales ME, Martínez-Lara E, Pedrajas JR, Castán H, Peinado MÁ, Ruiz MA. Hyaluronate Nanoparticles as a Delivery System to Carry Neuroglobin to the Brain after Stroke. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12010040. [PMID: 31947806 PMCID: PMC7023086 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies against stroke can restore the blood supply but cannot prevent the ischemic damage nor stimulate the recovery of the infarcted zone. The neuroglobin protein plays an important role in the neuro-regeneration process after stroke; however, the method for its effective systemic application has not been identified yet, as neuroglobin is unable to pass through the blood-brain barrier. Previously, we developed different types of sodium hyaluronate nanoparticles, which successfully cross the blood-brain barrier after stroke. In this work, these nanoparticles have been used to carry neuroglobin through the bloodstream to the nerve cells in rats submitted to stroke. We have biosynthesized rat-recombinant neuroglobin and determined the formulation of sodium hyaluronate nanoparticles loaded with neuroglobin, as well as its size and ζ-potential, encapsulation efficiently, in vitro release, and its kinetic of liberation. The results show that the formulation achieved is highly compatible with pharmaceutical use and may act as a delivery system to transport neuroglobin within the blood. We have found that this formulation injected intravenously immediately after stroke reached the damaged cerebral parenchyma at early stages (2 h). Neuroglobin colocalizes with its nanocarriers inside the nerve cells and remains after 24 h of reperfusion. In conclusion, the systemic administration of neuroglobin linked to nanoparticles is a potential neuroprotective drug-delivery strategy after stroke episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Blanco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Building B3, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (S.B.); (E.M.-L.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Sebastián Peralta
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.P.); (M.E.M.); (H.C.)
| | - María Encarnación Morales
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.P.); (M.E.M.); (H.C.)
| | - Esther Martínez-Lara
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Building B3, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (S.B.); (E.M.-L.); (J.R.P.)
| | - José Rafael Pedrajas
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Building B3, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (S.B.); (E.M.-L.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Herminia Castán
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.P.); (M.E.M.); (H.C.)
| | - María Ángeles Peinado
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Building B3, Campus de Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (S.B.); (E.M.-L.); (J.R.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.Á.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - María Adolfina Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.P.); (M.E.M.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.Á.P.); (M.A.R.)
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18
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Neuroglobin Expression Models as a Tool to Study Its Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5728129. [PMID: 31320982 PMCID: PMC6607734 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5728129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an evolutionary conserved member of the globin family with a primary expression in neurons of which the exact functions remain elusive. A plethora of in vivo and in vitro model systems has been generated to this day to determine the functional biological roles of Ngb. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview and discussion of the different Ngb models, covering animal and cellular models of both overexpression and knockout strategies. Intriguingly, an in-depth literature search of available Ngb expression models revealed crucial discrepancies in the outcomes observed in different models. Not only does the level of Ngb expression—either physiologically, overexpressed, or downregulated—alter its functional properties, the experimental setup, being in vitro or in vivo, does impact the functional outcome as well and, hence, whether or not a physiological and/or therapeutic role is ascribed to Ngb. These differences could highlight either technical or biological adaptations and should be considered until elucidation of the Ngb biology.
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19
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da Conceição RR, de Souza JS, de Oliveira KC, Romano RM, de Barros Maciel RM, Dias-da-Silva MR, Romano MA, Chiamolera MI, Giannocco G. Evaluation of neuroglobin and cytoglobin expression in adult rats exposed to silver nanoparticles during prepubescence. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:705-713. [PMID: 30701417 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-0386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are clusters of silver atoms with diameters that range from 1 to 100 nm. Due to the various shapes and large surface areas, AgNPs have been employed in the food and textile industries and medical fields. Therefore, because of the widespread use of these compounds, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AgNP exposure on the gene and protein expression levels of Neuroglobin (Ngb) and Cytoglobin (Cygb), in the rat cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Post-natal day (PND) 21 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. One group received 15 μg/kg body weight of AgNP by gavage another group received 30 μg/kg and the control group that received saline, from PND23 to PND58. On PND102 the animals were euthanized and the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum were isolated and evaluated for gene and protein expression levels of Nbg and Cygb. The results demonstrated that the 30 μg/kg AgNP group displayed increased gene and protein expression of Cygb in the cortex. In the Hippocampus, AgNP exposure did not modulate gene or protein expression levels of Ngb and Cygb. In cerebellum the Ngb gene and protein expression was increased with both doses of AgNP. AgNP exposure during prepubescence can modulate the gene and protein expression levels of Ngb and Cygb in adulthood. Furthermore, the observed modulation was specific to the cerebellum, and cortex, and was dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rodrigues da Conceição
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039032, Brazil.
| | - Janaina Sena de Souza
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Kelen Carneiro de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Renata Marino Romano
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Centro-Oeste, da Conceição RR, Rua Simeao Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Parana, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Rui Monteiro de Barros Maciel
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Magnus Régios Dias-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Romano
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Centro-Oeste, da Conceição RR, Rua Simeao Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Parana, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Chiamolera
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039032, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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20
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Peralta S, Blanco S, Hernández R, Castán H, Siles E, Martínez-Lara E, Morales ME, Peinado MÁ, Ruiz MA. Synthesis and characterization of different sodium hyaluronate nanoparticles to transport large neurotherapheutic molecules through blood brain barrier after stroke. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Talegaonkar S, Bhattacharyya A. Potential of Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs and NLCs) in Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Drugs with Poor Intestinal Permeability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:121. [PMID: 30805893 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based drug delivery systems has become a popular choice for oral delivery of lipophilic drugs with dissolution rate limited oral absorption. Lipids are known to enhance oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs in multiple ways like facilitating dissolution as micellar solution, enhancing the lymphatic uptake and acting as inhibitors of efflux transporters. Lipid nanoparticles are matrix type lipid-based carrier systems which can effectively encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Lipid nanoparticles namely solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are versatile drug delivery system and can be used for multiple routes of delivery like parenteral, topical, ocular, transdermal, and oral. Lipid nanoparticles are particularly attractive vehicles for peroral delivery of drugs with oral bioavailability problems as they are composed of lipid excipients which are cheap, easily available, and non-toxic; manufacturing technique is simple and readily scalable for large-scale production; the formulations provide controlled release of active components and have no stability issue. A large number of drugs have been incorporated into lipid nanoparticles with the objective of overcoming their poor oral bioavailability. This review tries to assess the potential of lipid nanoparticles for enhancing the oral bioavailability of drugs with permeability limited oral absorption such as drugs belonging to class IV of Biopharmaceutic Classification System (BCS) and protein and peptide drugs and also discusses the mechanism behind the bioavailability enhancement and safety issues related to such delivery systems.
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22
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Hao F, Feng Y, Guan Y. A Novel Botulinum Toxin TAT-EGFP-HCS Fusion Protein Capable of Specific Delivery Through the Blood-brain Barrier to the Central Nervous System. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:37-43. [PMID: 30318007 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666181011113215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Botulinum toxin has many applications in the treatment of central diseases, as
biological macromolecules, it is difficult to pass through the blood-brain barrier which greatly limits
their application. In this paper, we verified whether the botulinum toxin heavy chain HCS has a specific
neural guidance function.
Methods:
We have constructed a fusion protein with botulinum toxin heavy chain and a membrane penetrating
peptide TAT (TAT-EGFP-HCS). Recombinant plasmid of botulinum toxin light chain (LC) and
TAT were also constructed. The biological activity of HCS, LC, TAT-EGFP-HCS and TAT-EGFP-LC
were measured by its ability to cleave protein SNAP-25. The intracellular expression efficiency was
evaluated by detecting the fluorescence intensity of EGFP in the cells by fluorescence microscopy and
FACS. In addition, we also determined the effect of the above plasmid expression on the apoptosis of
PC12 cells. Finally, the tissue specificity of TAT-EGFP-HCS in vivo experiments was also examined.
Results:
In the present study, we have constructed a fusion protein with botulinum toxin heavy chain and
a membrane penetrating peptide TAT which can lead the entire molecule through the blood-brain barrier
and reach the central nervous system. Moreover, we also examined the biological activities of this recombinant
biological macromolecule and its physiological effects on nerve cells in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusion:
TAT-EGFP-HSC expressed in vitro has neural guidance function and can carry large proteins
across the cell membrane without influencing the biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yueqin Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
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23
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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24
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Van Acker ZP, Luyckx E, Dewilde S. Neuroglobin Expression in the Brain: a Story of Tissue Homeostasis Preservation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2101-2122. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Nair D, Ramesh V, Gozal D. Cognitive Deficits Are Attenuated in Neuroglobin Overexpressing Mice Exposed to a Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Neurol 2018; 9:426. [PMID: 29922222 PMCID: PMC5996123 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease manifesting as intermittent hypoxia during sleep (IH) and is increasingly recognized as being independently associated with neurobehavioral deficits. These deficits may be due to increased apoptosis in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, as well as increased oxidative stress and inflammation. It has been reported that neuroglobin (Ngb) is upregulated in response to hypoxia-ischemia insults and exhibits a protective role in ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. We hypothesized that transgenic overexpression of Ngb would attenuate spatial learning deficits in a murine model of OSA. Methods:Wild-type mice and Ngb overexpressing male mice (Ngb-TG) were randomly assigned to either IH or room air (RA) exposures. The effects of IH during the light period on performance in a water maze spatial task were assessed, as well as anxiety and depressive-like behaviors using elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim tests. Cortical tissues from all the mice were extracted for biochemical studies for lipid peroxidation. Results:Ngb TG mice exhibited increased Ngb immunoreactivity in brain tissues and IH did not elicit significant changes in Ngb expression in either Ngb-TG mice or WT mice. On a standard place training task in the water maze, Ngb-TG mice displayed preserved spatial learning, and were protected from the reduced spatial learning performances observed in WT mice exposed to IH. Furthermore, anxiety and depression levels were enhanced in WT mice exposed to IH as compared to RA controls, while alterations emerged in Ngb-TG mice exposed to IH. Furthermore, WT mice, but not Ngb-TG mice had significantly elevated levels of malondialdehyde in cortical lysates following IH exposures. Conclusions:In a murine model of OSA, oxidative stress responses and neurocognitive and behavioral impairments induced by IH during sleep are attenuated by the neuroprotective effects of Ngb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Nair
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ, United States.,Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, Cedar Knolls, NJ, United States
| | - Vijay Ramesh
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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26
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Chen F, Lu J, Chen F, Lin Z, Lin Y, Yu L, Su X, Yao P, Cai B, Kang D. Recombinant neuroglobin ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage via inhibiting the activation of mitochondria apoptotic pathway. Neurochem Int 2018; 112:219-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Zhu Y, Gao Y, Zheng D, Shui M, Yu K, Liu X, Lin Y, Su L, Yang W, Wang Y. Design and evaluation of EphrinA1 mutants with cerebral protective effect. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1881. [PMID: 28507312 PMCID: PMC5432519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of EphA2 receptor by its natural ligand EphrinA1 causes blood brain barrier dysfunction, and inactivation of EphA2 reduces BBB damage in ischemic stroke. Thus, EphA2 targeted antagonists may serve as neuroprotective agents. We engineered four mutants of EphrinA1, EM1, EM2, EM3 and EM4, respectively. The computational analysis showed that these four mutants were capable of interacting with EphA2. Their potential neuroprotective effects were examined in mouse focal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. EM2 exhibited strong neuroprotective effects, including reduced brain infarct volume, neuronal apoptosis, cerebral edema, and improved neurological scores. The EM2-mediated protection was associated with a comparative decrease in BBB leakage, inflammatory infiltration, and higher expression levels of tight junction proteins, such as zonula occludens-1 and Occludin. I/R-induced high expression of Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) was down-regulated after EM2 treatment. Moreover, EM2 reduced agonist doxazosin-induced EphA2 phosphorylation and cells rounding in PC3 cells, indicating EphA2-antagonizing activity of EM2. These finding provided evidences of the neuroprotection of EphA2 antagonist and a novel approach for ischemic stroke treatment. These results also suggested that a receptor agonist can be switched to an antagonist by substituting one or more relevant residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Danping Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyang Shui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Su
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yinye Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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28
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Xue L, Chen H, Lu K, Huang J, Duan H, Zhao Y. Clinical significance of changes in serum neuroglobin and HIF-1α concentrations during the early-phase of acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2017; 375:52-57. [PMID: 28320188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroglobin (NGB) has been described as a neuroprotective agent in cerebral ischemia, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) has shown an important role in modulating hypoxic and ischemic injury, and therefore they have the potential to impact outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Thus, we investigated early changes in the concentrations of serum NGB and HIF-1α after AIS and evaluated the relations of both NGB and HIF-1α to stroke severity and prognosis. METHODS We prospectively measured the serum concentrations of NGB and HIF-1α in 40 patients with AIS at 24, 48, 72, and 96h after stroke. Correlation combined with infarct size and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of the patients was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to appraise their value in predicting the 90-day outcome after AIS. RESULTS Serum NGB concentrations increased and peaked at 72h after AIS, whereas serum concentrations of HIF-1α increased for 48h. Peak serum NGB concentration correlated significantly with both infarct size (R2=0.484, p<0.001) and admission NIHSS score (R2=0.578, p<0.001), while serum HIF-1α concentration was only correlated to a patient's infarct size (R2=0.394, p<0.001). ROC curve analysis suggested that the serum NGB concentration had a significantly better predictive power for poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS NGB level increased in serum after AIS accompanied by increases in serum HIF-1α, and was suggested as a predictor of stroke severity and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Xue
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiankang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Lou G, Zhang Q, Xiao F, Xiang Q, Su Z, Huang Y. Intranasal TAT-haFGF Improves Cognition and Amyloid-β Pathology in an AβPP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:985-90. [PMID: 26890786 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide causing cognitive function disabilities is one of the most characteristic pathological features in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A novel fusion protein, TAT-haFGF, was administrated to AβPP/PS1 transgenic mice by intravenous (IV) injection and intranasal (IN) delivery, respectively, for 5 weeks to compare the pharmacodynamics between the two routes of administration. Our results showed that IN administration of TAT-haFGF improved cognition and reduced Aβ plaques more significantly in AβPP/PS1 mice, when compared with IV injection. Our new findings suggest that TAT-haFGF might be a promising new therapy to attenuate AD pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Lou
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Su
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Huntingtin polyQ Mutation Impairs the 17β-Estradiol/Neuroglobin Pathway Devoted to Neuron Survival. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6634-6646. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Ascenzi P, di Masi A, Leboffe L, Fiocchetti M, Nuzzo MT, Brunori M, Marino M. Neuroglobin: From structure to function in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 52:1-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Critical re-evaluation of neuroglobin expression reveals conserved patterns among mammals. Neuroscience 2016; 337:339-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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33
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Abstract
Globins are globular proteins for either transport or storage of oxygen which are critical for cellular metabolism. Four globins have been identified in rodent and human brains. Among them, neuroglobin, cytoglobin and hemoglobin chains are constitutively expressed in normal brain, while myoglobin is only expressed in some neurological disorders. Studies on the molecular structure, expression and functional features of these brain globins indicated that they may play crucial roles in maintenance of neural cell survival and activity, including neurons and astrocytes. Their regulation in neurological disorders may help thoroughly understand initiation and progression of ischemia, Alzheimer's disease and glioma, etc. Elucidation of the brain globin functions might remarkably improve medical strategies that sustain neurological homeostasis and treat neurological diseases. Here the expression pattern and functions of brain globins and their involvement in neurological disorders are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo-Kun Xie
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Hua Yang
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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34
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Krautwald S, Dewitz C, Fändrich F, Kunzendorf U. Inhibition of regulated cell death by cell-penetrating peptides. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2269-84. [PMID: 27048815 PMCID: PMC4887531 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of the means to efficiently and continuously renew missing and non-functional proteins in diseased cells remains a major goal in modern molecular medicine. While gene therapy has the potential to achieve this, substantial obstacles must be overcome before clinical application can be considered. A promising alternative approach is the direct delivery of non-permeant active biomolecules, such as oligonucleotides, peptides and proteins, to the affected cells with the purpose of ameliorating an advanced disease process. In addition to receptor-mediated endocytosis, cell-penetrating peptides are widely used as vectors for rapid translocation of conjugated molecules across cell membranes into intracellular compartments and the delivery of these therapeutic molecules is generally referred to as novel prospective protein therapy. As a broad coverage of the enormous amount of published data in this field is unrewarding, this review will provide a brief, focused overview of the technology and a summary of recent studies of the most commonly used protein transduction domains and their potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cellular damage and the prevention of regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Krautwald
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Christin Dewitz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Fändrich
- Clinic for Applied Cellular Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kunzendorf
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
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35
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Ingberg E, Dock H, Theodorsson E, Theodorsson A, Ström JO. Method parameters' impact on mortality and variability in mouse stroke experiments: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21086. [PMID: 26876353 PMCID: PMC4753409 DOI: 10.1038/srep21086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hundreds of promising substances have been tested in clinical trials,
thrombolysis currently remains the only specific pharmacological treatment for
ischemic stroke. Poor quality, e.g. low statistical power, in the preclinical
studies has been suggested to play an important role in these failures. Therefore,
it would be attractive to use animal models optimized to minimize unnecessary
mortality and outcome variability, or at least to be able to power studies more
exactly by predicting variability and mortality given a certain experimental setup.
The possible combinations of methodological parameters are innumerous, and an
experimental comparison of them all is therefore not feasible. As an alternative
approach, we extracted data from 334 experimental mouse stroke articles and, using a
hypothesis-driven meta-analysis, investigated the method parameters’
impact on infarct size variability and mortality. The use of Swiss and C57BL6 mice
as well as permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery rendered the lowest
variability of the infarct size while the emboli methods increased variability. The
use of Swiss mice increased mortality. Our study offers guidance for researchers
striving to optimize mouse stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Ingberg
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Hua Dock
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Annette Theodorsson
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden.,Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Neurosurgery, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Jakob O Ström
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden.,Vårdvetenskapligt Forskningscentrum/Centre for Health Sciences, Örebro University Hospital, County Council of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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36
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TAT-HSA-α-MSH fusion protein with extended half-life inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α in brain inflammation of mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5353-61. [PMID: 26816094 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation constitutes a principal process involved in the progression of various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. The safety and efficacy of potential neuroprotective therapeutic agents is controversial and limited. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) as a tridecapeptide derived from pro-opiomelanocortin displays potent anti-inflammatory and protective effects with a wide therapeutic window in brain damage. However, it is difficult to deliver effective concentrations of α-MSH into brain tissue via nondirect application. Besides, the half-life of the tridecapeptide is only a few minutes. In the present study, we generated a novel TAT-HSA-α-MSH by genetically fusing α-MSH with N-terminus 11-amino acid protein transduction domain of the human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein (TAT) and human serum albumin (HSA), which showed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and can effectively cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). The findings showed that TAT-HSA-α-MSH significantly inhibits NF-κB activation in human glioma cells A172 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in experimental brain inflammation. These results indicate that TAT-HSA-α-MSH may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating neuroinflammation which plays a fundamental role in CNS disorders.
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37
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Cai B, Wang N. Large Animal Stroke Models vs. Rodent Stroke Models, Pros and Cons, and Combination? ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2016; 121:77-81. [PMID: 26463926 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability worldwide and the second leading cause of death in many countries. Long-time attempts to salvage dying neurons via various neuroprotective agents have failed in stroke translational research, owing in part to the huge gap between animal stroke models and stroke patients, which also suggests that rodent models have limited predictive value and that alternate large animal models are likely to become important in future translational research. The genetic background, physiological characteristics, behavioral characteristics, and brain structure of large animals, especially nonhuman primates, are analogous to humans, and resemble humans in stroke. Moreover, relatively new regional imaging techniques, measurements of regional cerebral blood flow, and sophisticated physiological monitoring can be more easily performed on the same animal at multiple time points. As a result, we can use large animal stroke models to decrease the gap and promote translation of basic science stroke research. At the same time, we should not neglect the disadvantages of the large animal stroke model such as the significant expense and ethical considerations, which can be overcome by rodent models. Rodents should be selected as stroke models for initial testing and primates or cats are desirable as a second species, which was recommended by the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) group in 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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38
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Cai B, Zeng J, Lin Y, Lin Y, Lin W, Lin W, Li Z, Wang N. A frameshift mutation in HTRA1 expands CARASIL syndrome and peripheral small arterial disease to the Chinese population. Neurol Sci 2015; 36:1387-91. [PMID: 25772074 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is a rare hereditary cerebral artery disease. The HtrA serine protease 1 (HTRA1) gene has been identified as the causative gene of CARASIL. Here, we report a novel mutation in the HTRA1 gene in a CARASIL pedigree and explore its pathogenesis at the protein level. Subcutaneous tissue biopsy and HTRA1 gene analysis were performed in a CARASIL patient, and HTRA1 and TGF-β1 protein expression in subcutaneous tissue and cultured fibroblasts from the proband were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. A 28-year-old male proband and his brother experienced recurrent stroke, hair loss and low back pain. Abnormalities in the proband were found in the elastic plate of subcutaneous small arteries, and a novel homozygous frameshift mutation (c.161_162insAG), leading to the formation of a stop codon 159 amino acids downstream of the insertion (p.Gly56Alafs*160) was detected. Reduced HTRA1 protein and increased TGF-β1 expression were detected in subcutaneous tissue and in cultured fibroblasts. A frameshift mutation in the HTRA1 gene detected in a CARASIL pedigree resulted in reduced HTRA1 protein and increased TGF-β1 expression, which may cause severe CARASIL and peripheral small arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
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39
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Gotanda Y, Wei FY, Harada H, Ohta K, Nakamura KI, Tomizawa K, Ushijima K. Efficient transduction of 11 poly-arginine peptide in an ischemic lesion of mouse brain. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23:2023-2030. [PMID: 25081308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct intracellular delivery of intact proteins has been successfully achieved by tagging cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), which consists of short positively charged amino acids, such as 11 poly-arginine (11R); however, in vivo delivery of the proteins to the brain has remained challenging because it is unclear whether CPP would enable proteins to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we conducted an in vivo kinetic study to investigate the efficiency of 11R-mediated peptide delivery in the normal and ischemic brain. The 11R was observed in the microvessels and neurons surrounding the microvessels throughout the brain 1 hour after systemic administration, but the signal of the peptide was faint after 2 hours. In a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model, 11R was markedly enhanced and remained detectable in the cells on the ipsilateral side for as long as 8 hours after administration compared with the contralateral side. These results suggest that 11R is capable of in vivo delivery to the brain by passing through the BBB. Furthermore, 11R-mediated protein transduction could be used for the delivery of therapeutic molecules in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Gotanda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fan-Yan Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Harada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Nakamura
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Ushijima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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40
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Lin Y, Cai B, Xue XH, Fang L, Wu ZY, Wang N. TAT-mediated delivery of neuroglobin attenuates apoptosis induced by oxygen–glucose deprivation via the Jak2/Stat3 pathwayin vitro. Neurol Res 2014; 37:531-8. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132814y.0000000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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41
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Oxidative Stress and the Use of Antioxidants in Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:472-501. [PMID: 26785066 PMCID: PMC4665418 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient or permanent interruption of cerebral blood flow by occlusion of a cerebral artery gives rise to an ischaemic stroke leading to irreversible damage or dysfunction to the cells within the affected tissue along with permanent or reversible neurological deficit. Extensive research has identified excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death as key contributory pathways underlying lesion progression. The cornerstone of treatment for acute ischaemic stroke remains reperfusion therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). The downstream sequelae of events resulting from spontaneous or pharmacological reperfusion lead to an imbalance in the production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) over endogenous anti-oxidant protection strategies. As such, anti-oxidant therapy has long been investigated as a means to reduce the extent of injury resulting from ischaemic stroke with varying degrees of success. Here we discuss the production and source of these ROS and the various strategies employed to modulate levels. These strategies broadly attempt to inhibit ROS production or increase scavenging or degradation of ROS. While early clinical studies have failed to translate success from bench to bedside, the combination of anti-oxidants with existing thrombolytics or novel neuroprotectants may represent an avenue worthy of clinical investigation. Clearly, there is a pressing need to identify new therapeutic alternatives for the vast majority of patients who are not eligible to receive rt-PA for this debilitating and devastating disease.
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Agile delivery of protein therapeutics to CNS. J Control Release 2014; 190:637-63. [PMID: 24956489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A variety of therapeutic proteins have shown potential to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Challenge to deliver these protein molecules to the brain is well known. Proteins administered through parenteral routes are often excluded from the brain because of their poor bioavailability and the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Barriers also exist to proteins administered through non-parenteral routes that bypass the BBB. Several strategies have shown promise in delivering proteins to the brain. This review, first, describes the physiology and pathology of the BBB that underscore the rationale and needs of each strategy to be applied. Second, major classes of protein therapeutics along with some key factors that affect their delivery outcomes are presented. Third, different routes of protein administration (parenteral, central intracerebroventricular and intraparenchymal, intranasal and intrathecal) are discussed along with key barriers to CNS delivery associated with each route. Finally, current delivery strategies involving chemical modification of proteins and use of particle-based carriers are overviewed using examples from literature and our own work. Whereas most of these studies are in the early stage, some provide proof of mechanism of increased protein delivery to the brain in relevant models of CNS diseases, while in few cases proof of concept had been attained in clinical studies. This review will be useful to broad audience of students, academicians and industry professionals who consider critical issues of protein delivery to the brain and aim developing and studying effective brain delivery systems for protein therapeutics.
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Sandhir R. Neuroglobin increases brain fitness: Commentary to: "Neuroglobin overexpression improves sensorimotor outcomes in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury". Neurosci Lett 2014; 577:123-4. [PMID: 24928225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Regulators of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in cerebral ischemia. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:395-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Neuroprotective effect of TAT-14-3-3ε fusion protein against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93334. [PMID: 24671253 PMCID: PMC3966873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the major cause of death and disability worldwide, and the thrombolytic therapy currently available was unsatisfactory. 14-3-3ε is a well characterized member of 14-3-3 family, and has been reported to protect neurons against apoptosis in cerebral ischemia. However, it cannot transverse blood brain barrier (BBB) due to its large size. A protein transduction domain (PTD) of HIV TAT protein, is capable of delivering a large variety of proteins into the brain. In this study, we generated a fusion protein TAT-14-3-3ε, and evaluated its potential neuroprotective effect in rat focal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. Western blot analysis validated the efficient transduction of TAT-14-3-3ε fusion protein into brain via a route of intravenous injection. TAT-14-3-3ε pre-treatment 2 h before ischemia significantly reduced cerebral infarction volume and improved neurologic score, while post-treatment 2 h after ischemia was less effective. Importantly, pre- or post-ischemic treatment with TAT-14-3-3ε significantly increased the number of surviving neurons as determined by Nissl staining, and attenuated I/R-induced neuronal apoptosis as showed by the decrease in apoptotic cell numbers and the inhibition of caspase-3 activity. Moreover, the introduction of 14-3-3ε into brain by TAT-mediated delivering reduced the formation of autophagosome, attenuated LC3B-II upregulation and reversed p62 downregulation induced by ischemic injury. Such inhibition of autophagy was reversed by treatment with an autophagy inducer rapamycin (RAP), which also attenuated the neuroprotective effect of TAT-14-3-3ε. Conversely, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) inhibited I/R-induced the increase in autophagic activity, and attenuated I/R-induced brain infarct. These results suggest that TAT-14-3-3ε can be efficiently transduced into brain and exert significantly protective effect against brain ischemic injury through inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and autophagic activation.
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Lee J, Cha MJ, Lim KS, Kim JK, Lee SK, Kim YH, Hwang KC, Lee KY. Injectable microsphere/hydrogel hybrid system containing heat shock protein as therapy in a murine myocardial infarction model. J Drug Target 2013; 21:822-9. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.829072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Combined antiapoptotic and antioxidant approach to acute neuroprotection for stroke in hypertensive rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1215-24. [PMID: 23632970 PMCID: PMC3734772 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that targeting key points in the ischemic cascade with combined neuroglobin (Ngb) overexpression and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibition (SP600125) would offer greater neuroprotection than single treatment after in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation and in a randomized, blinded in vivo experimental stroke study using a clinically relevant rat strain. Male spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and were divided into the following groups: tMCAO; tMCAO+control GFP-expressing canine adenovirus-2, CAVGFP; tMCAO+Ngb-expressing CAV-2, CAVNgb; tMCAO+SP600125; tMCAO+CAVNgb+SP600125; or sham procedure. Rats were assessed till day 14 for neurologic outcome before infarct determination. In vitro, combined lentivirus-mediated Ngb overexpression+SP600125 significantly reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis compared with single treatment(s) after hypoxia/reoxygenation in B50 cells. In vivo, infarct volume was significantly reduced by CAVNgb, SP600125, and further by CAVNgb+SP600125. The number of Ngb-positive cells in the peri-infarct cortex and striatum was significantly increased 14 days after tMCAO in animals receiving CAVNgb. Neurologic outcome, measured using a 32-point neurologic score, significantly improved with CAVNgb+SP600125 compared with single treatments at 14 days after tMCAO. Combined Ngb overexpression with JNK inhibition reduced hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured neurons and reduced infarct and improved neurologic outcome more than single therapy after in vivo experimental stroke in hypertensive rats.
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ZHANG BEI, JI XIUPING, ZHANG SHIJUN, REN HUIYUN, WANG MINJUAN, GUO CHANGJIANG, LI YAJUN. Hemin-mediated neuroglobin induction exerts neuroprotection following ischemic brain injury through PI3K/Akt signaling. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:681-5. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
Globins, such as hemoglobin, serve as oxygen sensors. Neuroglobin is the globin in brain. It is induced by ischemia and is protective in modeled stroke. Here, Haines et al. describe an additional property of neuroglobin, its expression in progenitor cell populations in brain during development. A physiologic role is offered but other data show progenitor cells response to injury and their neurotropic properties in ischemic brain.
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