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Oliveira MK, Batista TH, Rojas VCT, Vitor-Vieira F, Reis L, Giusti FCV, Giusti-Paiva A. Neuromodulator hydrogen sulfide attenuates sickness behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 389:578324. [PMID: 38422691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Sickness behavior reflects a state of altered physiology and central nervous system function that occurs during systemic infection or inflammation, serving as an adaptive response to illness. This study aims to elucidate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in regulating sickness behavior and neuroinflammatory responses in a rat model of systemic inflammation. Adult male Wistar rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce sickness behavior. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) pretreatments included aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), an inhibitor of H2S synthesis, and sodium sulfide (NaHS), an H2S donor. Behavioral assays were conducted, along with the assessment of astrocyte activation, as indicated by GFAP expression in the hypothalamus. Pretreatment with NaHS mitigated LPS-induced behavioral changes, including hypophagia, social and exploratory deficits, without affecting peripheral cytokine levels, indicating a central modulatory effect. AOAA, conversely, accentuated certain behavioral responses, suggesting a complex role of endogenous H2S in sickness behavior. These findings were reinforced by a lack of effect on plasma interleukin levels but significant reduction in GFAP expression. Our findings support the central role of H2S in modulating neuroinflammation and sickness behavior, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting H2S signaling in neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merelym K Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiane H Batista
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Viviana Carolina T Rojas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Vitor-Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cardoso Vilela Giusti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, MG, Brazil; Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-Clínicos (CIEnP), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Giusti-Paiva
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Fu S, Bao X, Wang Z, Tang Y, Wu Q, Zhu B, Zhou F, Ding Z. Antipyretic effect of inhaled Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide on substance and energy metabolism in yeast-induced pyrexia mice via TLR4/NF-κb signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117732. [PMID: 38218501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, is one of the perennial evergreen plants with grass vine, which has obvious curative effect on severe infectious diseases. Although Tetrastigma hemleyanum has long been recognized for its capacity of antipyretic and antitoxic, its specific mechanism is unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the antipyretic effect of Tetrastigma hemleyanum polysaccharide (THP) on mice with dry yeast-induced fever, and to explore its specific antipyretic mechanism. METHODS In this study, THP was administered by aerosol in febrile mice. The rectal temperatures of treated animals were monitored at different time points. Histopathological evaluation and various inflammatory indexes were used to assess inflammatory damage. The concentration variations of the central neurotransmitter, endocrine system, substance and energy metabolism indicators were measured to explore the physiological mechanism. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western bolt and Immunohistochemistry were performed to identify the correlation between antipyretic and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. RESULTS THP reduced the body temperature of febrile mice induced by dry yeast, as well as the levels of thermogenic cytokines and downregulated the contents of thermoregulatory mediators. THP alleviated the pathological damage of liver and hypothalamus caused by fever. In addition, THP decreased the secretion of thyroid hormone, substance and energy metabolism related indicators. Furthermore, THP significantly suppressed TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related indicators. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results suggest that inhaled THP exerts antipyretic effect by mediating the thermoregulatory mediator, decreasing the content of pyrogenic factors to lower the body temperature, and eventually restoring the high metabolic level in the body to normal via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. The study provides a reasonable pharmacodynamic basis for the treatment of polysaccharide in febrile-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Fu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Xiaodan Bao
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Zhejiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Youying Tang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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Suresh PS, Kumari S, Sahal D, Sharma U. Innate functions of natural products: A promising path for the identification of novel therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115748. [PMID: 37666044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In the course of evolution, living organisms have become well equipped with diverse natural products that serve important functions, including defence from biotic and abiotic stress, growth regulation, reproduction, metabolism, and epigenetic regulation. It seems to be the organism's ecological niche that influences the natural product's structural and functional diversity. Indeed, natural products constitute the nuts and bolts of molecular co-evolution and ecological relationships among different life forms. Since natural products in the form of specialized secondary metabolites exhibit biological functions via interactions with specific target proteins, they can provide a simultaneous glimpse of both new therapeutics and therapeutic targets in humans as well. In this review, we have discussed the innate role of natural products in the ecosystem and how this intrinsic role provides a futuristic opportunity to identify new drugs and therapeutic targets rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Surekha Kumari
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Cirino G, Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide in mammalian cells, tissues and organs. Physiol Rev 2022; 103:31-276. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S belongs to the class of molecules known as gasotransmitters, which also includes nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Three enzymes are recognized as endogenous sources of H2S in various cells and tissues: cystathionine g-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The current article reviews the regulation of these enzymes as well as the pathways of their enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation and elimination. The multiple interactions of H2S with other labile endogenous molecules (e.g. NO) and reactive oxygen species are also outlined. The various biological targets and signaling pathways are discussed, with special reference to H2S and oxidative posttranscriptional modification of proteins, the effect of H2S on channels and intracellular second messenger pathways, the regulation of gene transcription and translation and the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. The pharmacological and molecular tools currently available to study H2S physiology are also reviewed, including their utility and limitations. In subsequent sections, the role of H2S in the regulation of various physiological and cellular functions is reviewed. The physiological role of H2S in various cell types and organ systems are overviewed. Finally, the role of H2S in the regulation of various organ functions is discussed as well as the characteristic bell-shaped biphasic effects of H2S. In addition, key pathophysiological aspects, debated areas, and future research and translational areas are identified A wide array of significant roles of H2S in the physiological regulation of all organ functions emerges from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece & Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
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Keringer P, Furedi N, Gaszner B, Miko A, Pakai E, Fekete K, Olah E, Kelava L, Romanovsky AA, Rumbus Z, Garami A. The hyperthermic effect of central cholecystokinin is mediated by the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E10-E23. [PMID: 34779255 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00223.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) increases core body temperature via CCK2 receptors when administered intracerebroventricularly (icv). The mechanisms of CCK-induced hyperthermia are unknown, and it is also unknown whether CCK contributes to the fever response to systemic inflammation. We studied the interaction between central CCK signaling and the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Body temperature was measured in adult male Wistar rats pretreated with intraperitoneal infusion of the nonselective COX enzyme inhibitor metamizol (120 mg/kg) or a selective COX-2 inhibitor, meloxicam, or etoricoxib (10 mg/kg for both) and, 30 min later, treated with intracerebroventricular CCK (1.7 µg/kg). In separate experiments, CCK-induced neuronal activation (with and without COX inhibition) was studied in thermoregulation- and feeding-related nuclei with c-Fos immunohistochemistry. CCK increased body temperature by ∼0.4°C from 10 min postinfusion, which was attenuated by metamizol. CCK reduced the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the median preoptic area (by ∼70%) but increased it in the dorsal hypothalamic area and in the rostral raphe pallidus (by ∼50% in both); all these changes were completely blocked with metamizol. In contrast, CCK-induced satiety and neuronal activation in the ventromedial hypothalamus were not influenced by metamizol. CCK-induced hyperthermia was also completely blocked with both selective COX-2 inhibitors studied. Finally, the CCK2 receptor antagonist YM022 (10 µg/kg icv) attenuated the late phases of fever induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (10 µg/kg; intravenously). We conclude that centrally administered CCK causes hyperthermia through changes in the activity of "classical" thermoeffector pathways and that the activation of COX-2 is required for the development of this response.NEW & NOTEWORTHY An association between central cholecystokinin signaling and the cyclooxygenase-prostaglandin E pathway has been proposed but remained poorly understood. We show that the hyperthermic response to the central administration of cholecystokinin alters the neuronal activity within efferent thermoeffector pathways and that these effects are fully blocked by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase. We also show that the activation of cyclooxygenase-2 is required for the hyperthermic effect of cholecystokinin and that cholecystokinin is a modulator of endotoxin-induced fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Keringer
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nora Furedi
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience, Medical School and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience, Medical School and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Miko
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Pakai
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Fekete
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emoke Olah
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Leonardo Kelava
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltan Rumbus
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andras Garami
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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6
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The Hypothermic Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide Is Mediated by the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 Channel in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100992. [PMID: 34681216 PMCID: PMC8538668 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown in previous studies to cause hypothermia and hypometabolism in mice, and its thermoregulatory effects were subsequently investigated. However, the molecular target through which H2S triggers its effects on deep body temperature has remained unknown. We investigated the thermoregulatory response to fast-(Na2S) and slow-releasing (GYY4137) H2S donors in C57BL/6 mice, and then tested whether their effects depend on the transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) channel in Trpa1 knockout (Trpa1−/−) and wild-type (Trpa1+/+) mice. Intracerebroventricular administration of Na2S (0.5–1 mg/kg) caused hypothermia in C57BL/6 mice, which was mediated by cutaneous vasodilation and decreased thermogenesis. In contrast, intraperitoneal administration of Na2S (5 mg/kg) did not cause any thermoregulatory effect. Central administration of GYY4137 (3 mg/kg) also caused hypothermia and hypometabolism. The hypothermic response to both H2S donors was significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated in Trpa1−/− mice compared to their Trpa1+/+ littermates. Trpa1 mRNA transcripts could be detected with RNAscope in hypothalamic and other brain neurons within the autonomic thermoeffector pathways. In conclusion, slow- and fast-releasing H2S donors induce hypothermia through hypometabolism and cutaneous vasodilation in mice that is mediated by TRPA1 channels located in the brain, presumably in hypothalamic neurons within the autonomic thermoeffector pathways.
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7
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Guerra DD, Hurt KJ. Gasotransmitters in pregnancy: from conception to uterine involution. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:4-25. [PMID: 30848786 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasotransmitters are endogenous small gaseous messengers exemplified by nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S or sulfide). Gasotransmitters are implicated in myriad physiologic functions including many aspects of reproduction. Our objective was to comprehensively review basic mechanisms and functions of gasotransmitters during pregnancy from conception to uterine involution and highlight future research opportunities. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases using combinations of keywords nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, sulfide, placenta, uterus, labor, and pregnancy. We included English language publications on human and animal studies from any date through August 2018 and retained basic and translational articles with relevant original findings. All gasotransmitters activate cGMP signaling. NO and sulfide also covalently modify target protein cysteines. Protein kinases and ion channels transduce gasotransmitter signals, and co-expressed gasotransmitters can be synergistic or antagonistic depending on cell type. Gasotransmitters influence tubal transit, placentation, cervical remodeling, and myometrial contractility. NO, CO, and sulfide dilate resistance vessels, suppress inflammation, and relax myometrium to promote uterine quiescence and normal placentation. Cervical remodeling and rupture of fetal membranes coincide with enhanced oxidation and altered gasotransmitter metabolism. Mechanisms mediating cellular and organismal changes in pregnancy due to gasotransmitters are largely unknown. Altered gasotransmitter signaling has been reported for preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, premature rupture of membranes, and preterm labor. However, in most cases specific molecular changes are not yet characterized. Nonclassical signaling pathways and the crosstalk among gasotransmitters are emerging investigation topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian D Guerra
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - K Joseph Hurt
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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8
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Santos BM, Francescato HDC, Turcato FC, Antunes‐Rodrigues J, Coimbra TM, Branco LGS. Increased hypothalamic hydrogen sulphide contributes to endotoxin tolerance by down-modulating PGE 2 production. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13373. [PMID: 31483934 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Whereas some patients have important changes in body core temperature (Tb) during systemic inflammation, others maintain a normal Tb, which is intrinsically associated to immune paralysis. One classical model to study immune paralysis is the use of repeated administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the so-called endotoxin tolerance. However, the neuroimmune mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance remain poorly understood. Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) is a gaseous neuromodulator produced in the brain by the enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). The present study assessed whether endotoxin tolerance is modulated by hypothalamic H2 S. METHODS Rats with central cannulas (drug microinjection) and intraperitoneal datalogger (temperature record) received a low-dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 µg kg-1 ) daily for four consecutive days. Hypothalamic CBS expression and H2 S production rate were assessed, together with febrigenic signalling. Tolerant rats received an inhibitor of H2 S synthesis (AOA, 100 pmol 1 µL-1 icv) or its vehicle in the last day. RESULTS Antero-ventral preoptic area of the hypothalamus (AVPO) H2 S production rate and CBS expression were increased in endotoxin-tolerant rats. Additionally, hypothalamic H2 S inhibition reversed endotoxin tolerance reestablishing fever, AVPO and plasma PGE2 levels without altering the absent plasma cytokines surges. CONCLUSION Endotoxin tolerance is not simply a reflection of peripheral reduced cytokines release but actually results from a complex set of mechanisms acting at multiple levels. Hypothalamic H2 S production modulates most of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M. Santos
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Heloísa D. C. Francescato
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Flávia C. Turcato
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - José Antunes‐Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Terezila M. Coimbra
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Luiz G. S. Branco
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology Dental School of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
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9
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Central leukotrienes modulate fever tolerance to LPS in rats. J Therm Biol 2019; 84:245-249. [PMID: 31466760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes mediate several inflammatory events such as neutrophil chemoattraction, leukocyte adhesion, and central-release of cytokines and fever. However, there is no information available about their putative role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance. The rational of the present study was to find out if central leukotrienes are involved in the development of LPS tolerance. Thus, we inhibited central leukotriene synthesis in tolerant rats using a pharmacological tool, i.e., a selective inhibitor of leukotriene synthesis MK-886 injected into the third ventricle (3V) of rats. Body core temperature (Tb) was measured using a datalogger placed inside the abdominal cavity. A low-dose of LPS (100 μg/kg ip) was given for 4 consecutive days to induce LPS tolerance. At day 4, rats received a microinjection of MK-886 into the 3V immediately before LPS, whereas control groups were treated with vehicle (saline). We observed that LPS failed to induce plasma cytokines surges, increased hypothalamic PGE2 levels and fever 3 days post LPS treatment, aptly characterizing the tolerance. When MK-886 was given to control rats treated with saline, no significant change in Tb was observed. However, a full LPS-induced fever was observed in tolerant rats pretreated with MK-886, which was associated with an enhancement in the hypothalamic PGE2 levels, that were not accompanied by plasma cytokines (IL-1β, and IL-6) and PGE2 surges. These data are consistent with the notion that central leukotrienes play a role in fever tolerance to LPS.
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10
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N P, Ss A, Pv M. Comprehensive biology of antipyretic pathways. Cytokine 2019; 116:120-127. [PMID: 30711851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogens, the fever inducing substances accidently enter into a human body through contamination from medical or pharmaceutical products may create mild to severe complications including septicaemia and shocking syndromes. To avoid such drastic situations all the pharmaceuticals and medical devices are analysed for presence of pyrogens prior to their release into market. The entry of exogenous pyrogens like bacterial endotoxins induces the release of endogenous pyrogens or inflammatory cytokines that activate immune system to defend against these pathogens. Generation of heat is considered as one of the important defence mechanism of body achieved through receptor mediated interaction of endogenous pyrogens at the thermoregulatory centre of hypothalamus. However, uncontrolled fever and febrile reaction may cause lethal effects to the subject itself. So a well sophistically functioning antipyretic mechanism is necessary to achieve thermoregulation. The coordinated interaction of antipyretic cytokines and other mediators are active in human immune system which play a crucial role in maintaining thermal homeostasis. The multiple interacting antipyretic signals and their mechanism are the major subjects of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajitha N
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojapura, Trivandrum 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - Athira Ss
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojapura, Trivandrum 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - Mohanan Pv
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojapura, Trivandrum 695 012, Kerala, India.
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11
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Soriano RN, Braga SP, Breder JSC, Batalhao ME, Oliveira-Pelegrin GR, Ferreira LFR, Rocha MJA, Carnio EC, Branco LGS. Endogenous peripheral hydrogen sulfide is propyretic: its permissive role in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rats. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:397-407. [PMID: 29210120 DOI: 10.1113/ep086775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? In fever, the most striking response in the acute phase reaction of systemic inflammation, plasma H2 S concentration increases. However, the role of endogenous peripheral H2 S in fever is unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? Endogenous peripheral H2 S is permissive for increased brown adipose tissue thermogenesis to maintain thermal homeostasis in cold environments as well as to mount fever. This finding expands the physiological role of the gaseous modulator as a key regulator of thermal control in health (thermal homeostasis) and disease (fever in systemic inflammation). ABSTRACT In recent years, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has been reported as a gaseous modulator acting in several tissues in health and disease. In animal models of systemic inflammation, the plasma H2 S concentration increases in response to endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide, LPS). The most striking response in the acute phase reaction of systemic inflammation is fever, but we found no reports of the peripheral action of H2 S on this thermoregulatory response. We aimed at investigating whether endogenous systemic H2 S modulates LPS-induced fever. A temperature datalogger capsule was inserted in the abdominal cavity of male Wistar rats (220-270 g) to record body core temperature. These animals received an i.p. injection of a systemic H2 S inhibitor (propargylglycine; 50 or 75 mg kg-1 ), immediately followed by an i.p. injection of LPS (50 or 2500 μg kg-1 ), and were exposed to different ambient temperatures (16, 22 or 27°C). At 22°C, but not at 27°C, propargylglycine at 75 mg kg-1 significantly attenuated (P < 0.0001) the fever induced by LPS (50 μg kg-1 ), indicating a modulatory (permissive) action of endogenous peripheral H2 S on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Evidence on the modulatory role of peripheral H2 S in BAT thermogenesis was strengthened when we discarded (i) the possible influence of the gas on febrigenic signalling (when measuring plasma cytokines), and (ii) its interaction with the nitric oxide pathway, and mainly when (iii) we carried out physiological and pharmacological activations of BAT. Endogenous peripheral H2 S modulates (permits) BAT activity not only in fever but also during maintenance of thermal homeostasis in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato N Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.,Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, Physiology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara P Braga
- Student of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S C Breder
- Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, Physiology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo E Batalhao
- Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, Physiology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela R Oliveira-Pelegrin
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando R Ferreira
- Tiradentes University, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Institute of Technology and Research, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Maria José A Rocha
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelin C Carnio
- Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, Physiology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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12
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Mota CMD, Rodrigues-Santos C, Fernández RAR, Carolino ROG, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Anselmo-Franci JA, Branco LGS. Central serotonin attenuates LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:372-381. [PMID: 28723348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a neuromodulator involved in several central-mediated mechanisms, such as endocrine processes, behavior, and sleep. Dysfunction of the serotonergic system is mainly linked to psychiatric disorders, but emerging evidence suggests that immune system activation may also alter brain 5-HT signaling. However, whether central 5-HT modulates systemic inflammation (SI) remains unknown. For this purpose, male Wistar rats (280-350g, 8-9weeks) were submitted to the experimental protocols beginning between 9 and 10AM with the performance of injections. The animals were housed at controlled conditions [temperature (25±1°C), light (06:00-18:00) and humidity (60-65%)]. Thus, we measured 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in the anteroventral preoptic region [(AVPO) - the hierarchically most important region for body temperature (Tb) control] during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SI. We also combined LPS (100μg/kg) treatment with intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of 5-HT (5, 10 and 40μg/μL) and measured Tb ("hallmark" of SI), AVPO prostaglandin E2 [(PGE2) - an essential mediator of fever] and prostaglandin D2 [(PGD2) - a cryogenic mediator], plasma corticosterone [(CORT) - a stress marker with an endogenous anti-inflammatory effect] and interleukin-6 [(IL-6) - an immune mediator] levels. Detection limits of PGE2, PGD2, CORT and IL-6 assays were 39.1-2500pg/mL, 19.5-2500pg/mL, 0.12-2000μg/dL, and 0.125-8ng/mL, respectively. We also assessed tail skin temperature [used to calculate heat loss index (HLI)] to assess a key thermoeffector mechanism. As expected we observed LPS-induced increases in Tb, AVPO PGE2 (whereas PGD2 remained unchanged), plasma CORT and IL-6 levels, as well as a decrease in HLI. These changes were accompanied by reduced levels of AVPO 5-HT and 5-HIAA. Furthermore, we also observed a negative correlation between 5-HT and plasma CORT levels. Moreover, icv 5-HT (5, 10 and 40μg/μL) microinjection caused a U-shaped dose-response curve in LPS fever, in which the intermediate dose reduced the febrile response. Icv 5-HT (10μg/μL) microinjection prevented the LPS-induced increases in AVPO PGE2 (whereas not altering PGD2), plasma CORT and IL-6 levels, as well as preventing reduced HLI. Our data are consistent with the notion that AVPO 5-HT synthesis is down-regulated during SI, favoring AVPO PGE2 synthesis and consequently potentiating the immune response. These results reveal a novel effect of central 5-HT as an anti-inflammatory neuromodulator that may take place during psychiatric disorder treatment with 5-HT reuptake inhibitors as well as suggesting that 5-HT modulation per se is a potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M D Mota
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rodrigues-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A R Fernández
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruither O G Carolino
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete A Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Sabino JPJ, Soriano RN, Donatti AF, Fernandez RR, Kwiatkoski M, Francescato HD, Coimbra TM, Branco LG. Involvement of endogenous central hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in hypoxia-induced hypothermia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:157-162. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) display autonomic imbalance and abnormal body temperature (Tb) adjustments. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) modulates hypoxia-induced hypothermia, but its role in SHR thermoregulation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that SHR display peculiar thermoregulatory response to hypoxia and that endogenous H2S overproduced in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of SHR modulates this response. SHR and Wistar rats were microinjected into the fourth ventricle with aminooxyacetate (AOA, H2S-synthezing enzyme inhibitor) or sodium sulfide (Na2S, H2S donor) and exposed to normoxia (21% inspired O2) or hypoxia (10% inspired O2, 30 min). Tb was continuously measured, and H2S production rate was assessed in caudal NTS homogenates. In both groups, AOA, Na2S, or saline (i.e., control; 1 μL) did not affect euthermia. Hypoxia caused similar decreases in Tb in both groups. AOA presented a longer latency to potentiate hypoxic hypothermia in SHR. Caudal NTS H2S production rate was higher in SHR. We suggest that increased bioavailability of H2S in the caudal NTS of SHR enables the adequate modulation of excitability of peripheral chemoreceptor-activated NTS neurons that ultimately induce suppression of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, thus accounting for the normal hypoxic hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo J. Sabino
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato N. Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 35020-220, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto F. Donatti
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Kwiatkoski
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Heloísa D.C. Francescato
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Terezila M. Coimbra
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G.S. Branco
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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14
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Nogueira JE, Soriano RN, Fernandez RAR, Francescato HDC, Saia RS, Coimbra TM, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Branco LGS. Effect of Physical Exercise on the Febrigenic Signaling is Modulated by Preoptic Hydrogen Sulfide Production. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170468. [PMID: 28118407 PMCID: PMC5261610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the neuromodulator hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus modulates the febrigenic signaling differently in sedentary and trained rats. Besides H2S production rate and protein expressions of H2S-related synthases cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MPST) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) in the POA, we also measured deep body temperature (Tb), circulating plasma levels of cytokines and corticosterone in an animal model of systemic inflammation. Rats run on a treadmill before receiving an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 μg/kg) or saline. The magnitude of changes of Tb during the LPS-induced fever was found to be similar between sedentary and trained rats. In sedentary rats, H2S production was not affected by LPS. Conversely, in trained rats LPS caused a sharp increase in H2S production rate that was accompanied by an increased CBS expression profile, whereas 3-MPST and CSE expressions were kept relatively constant. Sedentary rats showed a significant LPS-induced release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) which was virtually abolished in the trained animals. Correlation between POA H2S and IL-6 as well as TNF-α was observed. Corticosterone levels were augmented after LPS injection in both groups. We found correlations between H2S and corticosterone, and corticosterone and IL-1β. These data are consistent with the notion that the responses to systemic inflammation are tightly regulated through adjustments in POA H2S production which may play an anti-inflammatory role downmodulating plasma cytokines levels and upregulating corticosterone release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas E. Nogueira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato N. Soriano
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. R. Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Heloísa D. C. Francescato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael S. Saia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Terezila M. Coimbra
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G. S. Branco
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Physiology, and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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15
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Fernández RAR, Soriano RN, Francescato HDC, Sabino JP, Coimbra TM, Branco LGS. Cryogenic role of central endogenous hydrogen sulfide in the rat model of endotoxic shock. Brain Res 2016; 1650:218-223. [PMID: 27592137 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thermoregulatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are affected by modulators that increase (propyretic) or decrease (cryogenic) body temperature (Tb). We tested the hypothesis that central hydrogen sulfide (H2S) acts as a thermoregulatory modulator and that H2S production in the anteroventral preoptic region of the hypothalamus (AVPO) is increased during hypothermia and decreased during fever induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2.5mg/kg i.p.) in rats kept at an ambient temperature of 25°C. Deep Tb was recorded before and after pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS - responsible for H2S endogenous production in the brain) combined or not with LPS administration. To further investigate the mechanisms responsible for these thermoregulatory adjustments, we also measured prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) production in the AVPO. LPS caused typical hypothermia followed by fever. Levels of AVPO H2S were significantly increased during hypothermia when compared to both euthermic and febrile rats. Intracerebroventricular (icv) microinjection of aminooxyacetate (AOA, a CBS inhibitor; 100 pmol) neither affected Tb nor basal PGD2 production during euthermia. In LPS-treated rats, AOA caused increased Tb values during hypothermia, along with enhanced PGD2 production. We conclude that the gaseous messenger H2S modulates hypothermia during endotoxic shock, acting as a cryogenic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A R Fernández
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato N Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 35020-220 Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Heloísa D C Francescato
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João P Sabino
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Terezila M Coimbra
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Nogueira JE, Branco LGS, Issa JPM. Bone repair: Effects of physical exercise and LPS systemic exposition. Injury 2016; 47:1828-34. [PMID: 27319388 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone repair can be facilitated by grafting, biochemical and physical stimulation. Conversely, it may be delayed lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Physical exercise exerts beneficial effects on the bone, but its effect on bone repair is not known. We investigated the effect of exercise on the LPS action on bone healing through bone densitometry, quantitative histological analysis for bone formation rate and immunohistochemical markers in sedentary and exercised animals. Rats ran on the treadmill for four weeks. After training the rats were submitted to a surgical procedure (bone defect in the right tibia) and 24h after the surgery LPS was administered at a dose of 100μg/kg i.p., whereas the control rats received a saline injection (1ml/kg, i.p.). Right tibias were obtained for analysis after 10days during which rats were not submitted to physical training. Physical exercise had a positive effect on bone repair, increasing bone mineral density, bone mineral content, bone formation rate, type I collagen and osteocalcin expression. These parameters were not affected by systemic administration of LPS. Our data indicate that physical exercise has an important osteogenic effect, which is maintained during acute systemic inflammation induced by exposure to a single dose of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas E Nogueira
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Morphology, Physiology, and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Issa
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Physiology, and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Roth J, Blatteis CM. Mechanisms of fever production and lysis: lessons from experimental LPS fever. Compr Physiol 2015; 4:1563-604. [PMID: 25428854 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fever is a cardinal symptom of infectious or inflammatory insults, but it can also arise from noninfectious causes. The fever-inducing agent that has been used most frequently in experimental studies designed to characterize the physiological, immunological and neuroendocrine processes and to identify the neuronal circuits that underlie the manifestation of the febrile response is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our knowledge of the mechanisms of fever production and lysis is largely based on this model. Fever is usually initiated in the periphery of the challenged host by the immediate activation of the innate immune system by LPS, specifically of the complement (C) cascade and Toll-like receptors. The first results in the immediate generation of the C component C5a and the subsequent rapid production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The second, occurring after some delay, induces the further production of PGE2 by induction of its synthesizing enzymes and transcription and translation of proinflammatory cytokines. The Kupffer cells (Kc) of the liver seem to be essential for these initial processes. The subsequent transfer of the pyrogenic message from the periphery to the brain is achieved by neuronal and humoral mechanisms. These pathways subserve the genesis of early (neuronal signals) and late (humoral signals) phases of the characteristically biphasic febrile response to LPS. During the course of fever, counterinflammatory factors, "endogenous antipyretics," are elaborated peripherally and centrally to limit fever in strength and duration. The multiple interacting pro- and antipyretic signals and their mechanistic effects that underlie endotoxic fever are the subjects of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Roth
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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18
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Hong JS, Romero R, Lee DC, Than NG, Yeo L, Chaemsaithong P, Ahn S, Kim JS, Kim CJ, Kim YM. Umbilical cord prostaglandins in term and preterm parturition. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:523-31. [PMID: 25758616 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1011120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostaglandins (PGs) are considered the universal mediators of parturition. Amniotic fluid PGE2 and PGF2α concentrations increase before the onset of spontaneous labor at term, as well as during labor. This study was conducted to determine if the concentrations of umbilical cord PGE2 and PGF2α change with advancing gestational age, spontaneous labor at term, and preterm labor (with and without funisitis). METHODS Umbilical cord (UC) tissue samples were obtained from women (N = 158) with singleton pregnancies in the following groups: (1) term deliveries without labor (TNL; n = 20); (2) term deliveries with labor (TIL; n = 20); (3) spontaneous preterm deliveries (sPTD) with (n = 20) and without acute funisitis (n = 20); and (4) preeclampsia without labor (n = 78). The concentrations of PGs were determined in different locations of the UC. PGE2 and PGF2α were measured by specific immunoassays. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. RESULTS (1) In spontaneous preterm deliveries, the median UC PGE2 concentration was higher in cases with funisitis than in those without funisitis (233.7 pg/µg versus 87.4 pg/µg of total protein, p = 0.001); (2) the median UC PGE2 concentration in sPTD with funisitis was also higher than that obtained from samples who had undergone labor at term (233.7 pg/µg versus 116.1 pg/µg of total protein, p = 0.03); (3) the UC PGE2 and PGF2α concentration increased as a function of advancing gestational age before 36 weeks (PGE2: ρ = 0.59, p < 0.001; PGF2α: ρ = 0.39, p = 0.01), but not after 36 weeks (PGE2: ρ = -0.1, p = 0.5; PGF2α: ρ = -0.2, p = 0.2); (4) the median UC concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2α at term was similar in samples obtained from women with and without labor (PGE2: TNL 133.7 pg/µg versus TIL 116.1 pg/µg of total protein, p = 0.9; PGF2α: TNL 8.4 pg/µg versus TIL 8.1 pg/µg of total protein, p = 0.7); and (5) there was no correlation between UC PG concentration and gestational age at term pregnancy (PGE2: ρ = 0.01, p = 0.9; PGF2α: ρ = 0.07, p = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS (1) PGE2 concentrations in the UC are higher in the presence of acute funisitis than in the absence of this lesion; (2) spontaneous labor at term was not associated with a change in the UC concentration of PGE2 and PGF2α; and (3) the UC concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2α increased as a function of gestational age. We propose that UC PGs act as inflammatory mediators generated in the context of fetal systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Seok Hong
- a Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS , Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Roberto Romero
- a Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS , Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA .,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA .,d Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Deug-Chan Lee
- a Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS , Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA .,e College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- a Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS , Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA .,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- a Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS , Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA .,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- a Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS , Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA .,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- g Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- h Department of Pathology , Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- a Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS , Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA .,i Department of Pathology , Asan Medical, Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea , and
| | - Yeon Mee Kim
- a Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS , Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA .,j Department of Pathology , Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine , Busan , Republic of Korea
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19
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Coletti R, Almeida-Pereira G, Elias LLK, Antunes-Rodrigues J. Effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on water intake and vasopressin and oxytocin secretion induced by fluid deprivation. Horm Behav 2015; 67:12-20. [PMID: 25436932 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During dehydration, responses of endocrine and autonomic control systems are triggered by central and peripheral osmoreceptors and peripheral baroreceptors to stimulate thirst and sodium appetite. Specifically, it is already clear that endocrine system acts by secreting vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OT) and angiotensin II (ANG II), and that gaseous molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), play an important role in modulating the neurohypophyseal secretion as well as ANG II production and thirst. More recently, another gas-hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-has been studied as a neuronal modulator, which is involved in hypothalamic control of blood pressure, heart frequency and temperature. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether H2S and its interaction with NO system could participate in the modulatory responses of thirst and hormonal secretion induced by fluid deprivation. For this purpose, Wistar male rats were deprived of water for 12 and 24h, and the activity of sulfide-generating enzymes was measured. Surprisingly, 24-h water deprivation increased the activity of sulfide-generating enzymes in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). Furthermore, the icv injection of sodium sulfide (Na2S, 260nmol), a H2S donor, reduced water intake, increased AVP, OT and CORT plasma concentrations and decreased MBH nitrate/nitrite (NOX) content of 24-h water-deprived animals compared to controls. We thus suggest that H2S system has an important role in the modulation of hormonal and behavioral responses induced by 24-h fluid deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Coletti
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - G Almeida-Pereira
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - L L K Elias
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - J Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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20
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Zhao H, Cheng L, Du X, Hou Y, Liu Y, Cui Z, Nie L. Transplantation of Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor Transducted BMSCs in Contusion Spinal Cord Injury of Rats: Promotion of Nerve Regeneration by Alleviating Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:187-199. [PMID: 25421210 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes neuron death and axonal damage resulting in functional motor and sensory loss, showing limited regeneration because of adverse microenvironment such as neuroinflammation and glial scarring. Currently, there is no effective therapy to treat SCI in clinical practice. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are candidates for cell therapies but its effect is limited by neuroinflammation and adverse microenvironment in the injured spinal cord. In this study, we developed transgenic BMSCs overexpressing cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), a secretory neurotrophic factor that showed potent effects on neuron protection, anti-inflammation, and sciatic nerve regeneration in previous studies. Our results showed that the transplantation of CDNF-BMSCs suppressed neuroinflammation and decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines after SCI, resulting in the promotion of locomotor function and nerve regeneration of the injured spinal cord. This study presents a novel promising strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Xinwen Du
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Laizhou People's Hospital, Laizhou, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Cui
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Nie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.
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da Silva GSF, Soriano RN, Kwiatkoski M, Giusti H, Glass ML, Branco LGS. Central hydrogen sulphide mediates ventilatory responses to hypercapnia in adult conscious rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 212:239-47. [PMID: 25042027 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is endogenously produced and plays an important role as a modulator of neuronal functions; however, its modulatory role in the central CO2 chemoreception is unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of endogenously produced H2S in the ventilatory response to hypercapnia in adult conscious rats. METHODS Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) inhibitors (aminooxyacetate: AOA and propargylglycine: PAG respectively) and a H2S donor (sodium sulphide: Na2S) were microinjected into the fourth ventricle (4V). Ventilation (V̇(E)), oxygen consumption (V̇O2) and body temperature were recorded before (room air) and during a 30-min CO2 exposure (hypercapnia, 7% CO2). Endogenous H2S levels were measured in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). RESULTS Microinjection of Na2S (H2S donor), AOA (CBS inhibitor) or PAG (CSE inhibitor) did not affect baseline of the measured variables compared to control group (vehicle). In all experimental groups, hypercapnia elicited an increase in V̇(E). However, AOA microinjection, but not PAG, attenuated the ventilatory response to hypercapnia (P < 0.05), whereas Na2S elicited a slight, not significant, enhancement. Moreover, endogenous H2S levels were found higher in the NTS after hypercapnia (P < 0.05) compared to room air (normoxia) condition. CONCLUSION There are a few reports on the role of gaseous transmitters in the control of breathing. Importantly, the present data suggest that endogenous H2S via the CBS-H2S pathway mediates the ventilatory response to hypercapnia playing an excitatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. S. F. da Silva
- Dental School of Ribeirao Preto; University of Sao Paulo; Ribeirao Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - R. N. Soriano
- Dental School of Ribeirao Preto; University of Sao Paulo; Ribeirao Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Kwiatkoski
- Medical School of Ribeirao Preto; University of Sao Paulo; Ribeirao Preto Brazil
| | - H. Giusti
- Medical School of Ribeirao Preto; University of Sao Paulo; Ribeirao Preto Brazil
| | - M. L. Glass
- Medical School of Ribeirao Preto; University of Sao Paulo; Ribeirao Preto Brazil
| | - L. G. S. Branco
- Dental School of Ribeirao Preto; University of Sao Paulo; Ribeirao Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
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22
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Mechanisms of anti-inflammatory property of conserved dopamine neurotrophic factor: inhibition of JNK signaling in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 52:186-92. [PMID: 24078520 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are important resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and involved in the neuroinflammation caused by CNS disorders, including brain trauma, ischemia, stroke, infections, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Our study explores the hypothesis that conserved dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), a secretory neurotrophic factor, may provide a novel therapy for associated with neuroinflammation related to the microglia. We observed that CDNF was upregulated in rat primary microglia treated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide, an inflammatory inducer, for 24 h. Thus, we hypothesize that CDNF may play a role, mediator or inhibitor, in regulating the inflammation in microglial cells induced by LPS. Finally, our data showed that CDNF significantly attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines (PGE2 and IL-1β) and remarkably alleviated the cytotoxicity (percentage of lactate dehydrogenase released) in the LPS-induced microglia by suppressing the phosphorylation of JNK, but not the P38 or ERK pathways. These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory property of CDNF by inhibition of JNK signaling in LPS-induced microglia, suggesting that CDNF may be a potential novel agent for the treatment of neuroinflammation in the CNS disorders.
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Branco LG, Soriano RN, Steiner AA. Gaseous Mediators in Temperature Regulation. Compr Physiol 2014; 4:1301-38. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Donatti AF, Soriano RN, Sabino JP, Branco LGS. Involvement of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in hypoxia-induced hypothermia. Brain Res Bull 2014; 108:94-9. [PMID: 25262576 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia evokes a regulated decrease in deep body temperature (Tb). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a signaling molecule that belongs to the gasotransmitter family, has been demonstrated to participate in several brain-mediated responses. Rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a brainstem region involved in thermoregulation. Recently, it has been shown that exogenous H2S modulates RVLM activity. In the present study, we investigated whether endogenously produced H2S in the RVLM plays a role in the control of hypoxia-induced hypothermia. Tb was measured before and after bilateral microinjection of aminooxyacetate (AOA, 0.2, 1 and 2 pmol/100 nl, a cystathionine β-synthase, CBS, inhibitor) or vehicle into the RVLM followed by a 60-min normoxia (21% inspired O2) or hypoxia (7% inspired O2) exposure. Microinjection of AOA or vehicle did not change Tb during normoxia. Exposure to hypoxia evoked a typical decrease in Tb. Microinjection of AOA (2 pmol) into the RVLM followed by hypoxia significantly attenuated the decrease in Tb. Thus, endogenous H2S in the RVLM seems to play no role in the maintenance of basal Tb, whereas during hypoxia this gas plays a cryogenic role. Moreover, RVLM homogenates of rats exposed to hypoxia exhibited a decreased rate of H2S production. Our data are consistent with the notion that during hypoxia H2S synthesis is diminished in the RVLM facilitating hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto F Donatti
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato N Soriano
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João P Sabino
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Donatti AF, Soriano RN, Sabino JP, Branco LGS. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide in the rostral ventrolateral medulla/Bötzinger complex downregulates ventilatory responses to hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 200:97-104. [PMID: 24953676 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as a new gaseous transmitter involved in several brain-mediated responses. The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)/Bötzinger complex is a region in the brainstem that is involved in cardiovascular and respiratory functions. Recently, it has been shown that exogenous H2S in the RVLM modulates autonomic function and thus blood pressure. In the present study, we investigated whether H2S, endogenously produced in the RVLM/Bötzinger complex, plays a role in the control of hypoxia-induced hyperventilation. Ventilation (VE) was measured before and after bilateral microinjection of Na2S (H2S donor, 0.04, 1 and 2 pmol/100 nl) or aminooxyacetate (AOA, 0.2, 1 and 2 pmol/100 nl, a cystathionine β-synthase, CBS, inhibitor) into the RVLM/Bötzinger complex followed by a 60-min period of hypoxia (7% inspired O2) or normoxia exposure. Control rats received microinjection of vehicle. Microinjection of vehicle, AOA or Na2S did not change VE in normoxic conditions. Exposure to hypoxia evoked a typical increase in VE. Microinjection of Na2S (2 pmol) followed by hypoxia exposure attenuated the hyperventilation. Conversely, microinjection of AOA (2 pmol) into the RVLM/Bötzinger complex caused an increase in the hypoxia-induced hyperventilation. Thus, endogenous H2S in the RVLM/Bötzinger complex seems to play no role in the maintenance of basal pulmonary ventilation during normoxia whereas during hypoxia H2S has a downmodulatory function. Homogenates of RVLM/Bötzinger complex of animals previously exposed to hypoxia for 60 min exhibited a decreased rate of H2S production. Our data are consistent with the notion that the gaseous messenger H2S synthesis is downregulated in the RVLM/Bötzinger complex during hypoxia favoring hyperventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto F Donatti
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato N Soriano
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João P Sabino
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Mangiferin Regulates Interleukin-6 and Cystathionine-b-Synthase in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Brain Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:651-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Kwiatkoski M, Soriano RN, da Silva GSF, Francescato HD, Coimbra TM, Glass ML, Carnio EC, Branco LGS. Endogenous preoptic hydrogen sulphide attenuates hypoxia-induced hyperventilation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:913-27. [PMID: 24119224 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM We hypothesized that hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), acting specifically in the anteroventral preoptic region (AVPO - an important integrating site of thermal and cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia in which H2 S synthesis has been shown to be increased under hypoxic conditions), modulates the hypoxic ventilatory response. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we measured pulmonary ventilation (V˙E) and deep body temperature of rats before and after intracerebroventricular (icv) or intra-AVPO microinjection of aminooxyacetate (AOA; CBS inhibitor) or Na2 S (H2 S donor) followed by 60 min of hypoxia exposure (7% O2 ). Furthermore, we assessed the AVPO levels of H2 S of rats exposed to hypoxia. Control rats were kept under normoxia. RESULTS Microinjection of vehicle, AOA or Na2 S did not change V˙E under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia caused an increase in ventilation, which was potentiated by microinjection of AOA because of a further augmented tidal volume. Conversely, treatment with Na2 S significantly attenuated this response. The in vivo H2 S data indicated that during hypoxia the lower the deep body temperature the smaller the degree of hyperventilation. Under hypoxia, H2 S production was found to be increased in the AVPO, indicating that its production is responsive to hypoxia. The CBS inhibitor attenuated the hypoxia-induced increase in the H2 S synthesis, suggesting an endogenous synthesis of the gas. CONCLUSION These data provide solid evidence that AVPO H2 S production is stimulated by hypoxia, and this gaseous messenger exerts an inhibitory modulation of the hypoxic ventilatory response. It is probable that the H2 S modulation of hypoxia-induced hyperventilation is at least in part in proportion to metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kwiatkoski
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - R. N. Soriano
- Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - G. S. F. da Silva
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - H. D. Francescato
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - T. M. Coimbra
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - M. L. Glass
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - E. C. Carnio
- Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - L. G. S. Branco
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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Xiang Y, Chen L, Liu H, Liu X, Wei X, Sun B, Wang T, Zhang X. Inhibition of sPLA₂-IIA prevents LPS-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing ERK1/2-cPLA₂α pathway in mice cerebral cortex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77909. [PMID: 24130900 PMCID: PMC3793966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including brain infections, ischemia, trauma, stroke, and degenerative CNS diseases. In the CNS inflammation, secretory phospholipase A₂-IIA (sPLA₂-IIA) acts as a mediator, resulting in the generation of the precursors of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, such as prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs). However, the role of sPLA₂-IIA in neuroinflammation is more complicated and remains unclear yet. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sPLA₂-IIA inhibition by specific inhibitor SC-215 on the inflammation in LPS-induced mice cerebral cortex and primary astrocytes. Our results showed that the inhibition of sPLA₂-IIA alleviated the release of PGE₂ by suppressing the activation of ERK1/2, cPLA₂α, COX-2 and mPGES-1. These findings demonstrated that sPLA₂-IIA showed the potential to regulate the neuroinflammation in vivo and in vitro, indicating that sPLA₂-IIA might be a novel target for the treatment of acute neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinbing Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baozhu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yantai University School of Pharmacy, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
- * E-mail:
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