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Wang Y, Yu D, Zhu S, Du X, Wang X. The genus Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118069. [PMID: 38552992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Dioscorea, a member of the Dioscoreaceae family, comprises approximately 600 species and is widely distributed across temperate and tropical regions such as Asia, South Africa, and North America. The traditional medicinal uses of Dioscorea have been documented in Asian and African pharmacological systems. In Asia, this genus is traditionally used to treat respiratory illnesses, rheumatism, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, and other conditions. In Africa, this genus has been used to treat human immunodeficiency virus and ring worms. However, the traditional medicinal practices in North America rarely mention the use of this genus. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this review is to comprehensively review the genus Dioscorea, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicities. The research also aims to highlight the valuable bioactive compounds within Dioscorea and emphasize the need for further investigations into acute and chronic toxicity, activity mechanisms, molecular markers, and other relevant factors to contribute to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search for available information on Dioscorea was conducted using scientific databases, including PubMed, ISI-WOS, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as recent academic publications from reputable publishers and other literature sources. The search was not limited by language and spanned the literature published between 1950 and 2022. RESULTS This article provides a comprehensive review of the Dioscorea genus, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicities. Extensive research has been conducted on this genus, resulting in the isolation and examination of over 1000 compounds, including steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, to determine their biological activities. These activities include anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. However, some studies have indicated the potential toxicity of high doses of Dioscorea, highlighting the need for further investigations to assess the safety of this genus. Additionally, this review explores potential avenues for future research and discusses the challenges associated with a comprehensive understanding of the Dioscorea genus. CONCLUSIONS Based on the existing literature, it can be concluded that Dioscorea is a valuable source of bioactive compounds that have the potential to treat various disorders. Future research should prioritize the investigation of acute and chronic toxicity, activity mechanisms, molecular markers, and other relevant factors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the Dioscorea genus, emphasizing its potential to enable a deeper exploration of the biological activity mechanisms of these plants and contribute to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Shaojie Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Xijun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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El-Far AH, Elghaity MM, Mohamed SA, Noreldin AE, Elewa YHA, Al Jaouni SK, Alsenosy AA. Diosgenin alleviates D-galactose-induced oxidative stress in rats' brain and liver targeting aging and apoptotic marker genes. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1303379. [PMID: 38463710 PMCID: PMC10922004 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1303379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The theory of aging is primarily concerned with oxidative stress caused by an imbalance in reactive oxygen species generation and cellular antioxidants. To alleviate the oxidative stress, we investigated the protective effect of diosgenin (DSG) for D-galactose (D-gal) using 20 and 40 mg of DSG/kg/day/orally for 42 days. The findings showed that D-gal caused brain and liver oxidative injuries by upregulating aging and oxidative markers. To counteract the oxidative stress caused by D-gal, DSG upregulated glutathione peroxidase-1, superoxide dismutase-1, and glutathione S-transferase-α. DSG also diminished the expression of p53, p21, Bcl-2-associated X protein, caspase-3, and mammalian target of rapamycin in brain and liver, as well as the build-up of β-galactosidase. DSG, in a dose-dependent manner, decreased the oxidative aging effects of D-gal in brain and liver tissues through targeting of aging and apoptotic marker genes. Finally, it should be noted that consuming DSG supplements is a suggesting natural preventative agent that may counteract aging and preserve health through improvement of body antioxidant status and control aging associated inflammation and cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Elghaity
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Shymaa A. Mohamed
- Molecular Biology Unit, Medical Technology Centre, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Noreldin
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Yaser H. A. Elewa
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Soad Khalil Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelwahab A. Alsenosy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Tak Y, Kaur M, Chitranashi A, Samota MK, Verma P, Bali M, Kumawat C. Fenugreek derived diosgenin as an emerging source for diabetic therapy. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1280100. [PMID: 38371502 PMCID: PMC10873921 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1280100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that endangers the entire body's tissues and organs. Diabetes impairs glucose and insulin regulation in the human body by causing pancreatic cell damage. Diabetes modifies pathways such as serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) and Protein kinase C (PKC)/- glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) glucose absorption, and inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase, Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1), and Na+-K+-ATPase activity. Diabetes may also be caused by a decrease in the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and its target genes, fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACC), as well as a decrease in the levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Caspase12, and Caspase3 proteins. Diabetes has long been linked to diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, reproductive, hepatic, ocular, and renal systems. Diosgenin, a steroidal compound derived from fenugreek, aids in the prevention of diabetes by altering cellular pathways in favor of healthy bodily functions. Diosgenin is a new nutraceutical on the market that claims to cure diabetes in particular. This article focuses on diosgenin extraction and purification, fenugreek bioactive compounds, pharmacological properties of diosgenin, mode of action of diosgenin to cure diabetes, and dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Tak
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Kota, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Abhishek Chitranashi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Samota
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, India
| | - Preeti Verma
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Kota, India
| | - Manoj Bali
- School of Sciences, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, India
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Logan K, Nwokocha C, Asemota H, Gray W. Characterization of ACE inhibitory activity in Dioscorea alata cv and its implication as a natural antihypertensive extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117221. [PMID: 37742877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yam (Dioscorea sp.) extracts have been shown to possess a vast array of medicinal properties such as antihypocholesterolemic, antiatherogenic and antihypertensive bioactivity. However, the compounds conferring its antihypertensive bioactivity have not been fully explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to identify extractable bioactive fractions and associated compounds in Jamaican Renta Yam (Dioscorea alata) that contribute to its antihypertensive properties, using an activity driven chemoinformatic profiling method. MATERIALS AND METHODS A diethyl ether extract of Dioscorea alata was obtained by sequential Solid-Liquid extraction coupled to SPE-HPLC fractionation and its chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS analysis. Its influence on hypertension was evaluated through a combination of in vitro ACE-Inhibitory activity assays and by molecular docking of the identified compounds to the ACE enzyme. RESULTS SLE revealed the presence of potent antihypertensive activity (ACE IC50 41.99 μg/mL) in the diethyl ether extract (DR2). GC-MS analysis of DR2 indicated the presence of small organic compounds (95.1 g/mol to 200 g/mol) with 2-Phenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-ine (2PO) being the most predominant small organic compound present in the bioactive extract. The binding affinity of 2PO was assessed using molecular docking of 2PO to the ACE enzyme and showed strong binding affinities forming two (2) hydrogen bonds with Tyr135 and Trp220 in the active site of the enzyme. The in vitro effect of DR2 using human umbilical vein endothelial cell lines (HUVECs) revealed; a significant dose-dependent ACE-Inhibitory activity, a stimulating of nitric oxide (NO) release and no toxicity towards these cells. CONCLUSION Overall, this study identified Jamaican Renta Yam (Dioscorea alata) as an alternative source of antihypertensive compounds which may address the toxicity seen with known synthetic antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keaton Logan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Chukwuemeka Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Physiology Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Helen Asemota
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica; Biotechnology Centre University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Wesley Gray
- Biotechnology Centre University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica; Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Crișan S, Pop AL, Lacatusu I, Badea N, Mustaciosu C, Radu M, Varlas VN, Peneş ON, Ciobanu AM, Ghica M, Voicu SN, Udeanu DI. Safety of Innovative Nanotechnology Oral Formulations Loaded with Bioactive Menopause Molecules: Influence of Genotoxicity and Biochemical Parameters on a Menopausal Rat Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:4951. [PMID: 38068809 PMCID: PMC10708031 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticles have gained significant importance due to their unique properties, such as pharmacological, electrical, optical, and magnetic abilities, contributing to the growth of the science and technology sector. Particular naturally derived biomolecules with beneficial effects on menopause disorder have been the subject of studies of pharmaceutical formulation to obtain alternative pharmaceutical forms with increased bioavailability and without side effects, as in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with such active ingredients. In the present study, one stage of a broader project, we have performed pharmacotoxicology studies for six combinatory innovative nanocapsule pharmaceutical forms containing active natural biomolecules before considering them as oral formulas for (1) in vitro toxicity studies on culture cells and (2) in vivo preclinical studies on a surgically induced menopause model of Wistar female rats, and the influence of the NLCs on key biochemical parameters: lipid profile (TG, Chol, HDL), glycemic markers (Gli), bone markers (Pac, Palc, Ca, phosphorus), renal markers (Crea, urea, URAC), inflammation (TNF), oxidative stress (GSH, MDA), and estrogen-progesterone hormonal profile. The micronucleus test did not reveal the genotoxicity of the tested compounds; the menopause model showed no significant safety concerns for the six tested formulas evaluated using the blood biochemical parameters; and the results showed the potential hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypouricemic, and antioxidant potential of one of the tested formulas containing nano diosgenin and glycyrrhizic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Crișan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.C.); (A.L.P.); (A.M.C.); (M.G.); (D.I.U.)
- R&D Center, AC HELCOR, Victor Babes St., 430082 Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Anca Lucia Pop
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.C.); (A.L.P.); (A.M.C.); (M.G.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Ioana Lacatusu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, The Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Polizu No 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (I.L.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicoleta Badea
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, The Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Polizu No 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (I.L.); (N.B.)
| | - Cosmin Mustaciosu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, 077125 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mihai Radu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, 077125 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Valentin Nicolae Varlas
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Nicolae Peneş
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anne Marie Ciobanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.C.); (A.L.P.); (A.M.C.); (M.G.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Manuela Ghica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.C.); (A.L.P.); (A.M.C.); (M.G.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Sorina Nicoleta Voicu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Denisa Ioana Udeanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.C.); (A.L.P.); (A.M.C.); (M.G.); (D.I.U.)
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Zhou Y, Xu B. New insights into anti-diabetes effects and molecular mechanisms of dietary saponins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12372-12397. [PMID: 35866515 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder that manifests as chronic hyperglycemia and impaired insulin, bringing a heavy load on the global health care system. Considering the inevitable side effects of conventional anti-diabetic drugs, saponins-rich natural products exert promising therapeutic properties to serve as safer and more cost-effective alternatives for DM management. Herein, this review systematically summarized the research progress on the anti-diabetic properties of dietary saponins and their underlying molecular mechanisms in the past 20 years. Dietary saponins possessed the multidirectional anti-diabetic capabilities by concurrent regulation of various signaling pathways, such as IRS-1/PI3K/Akt, AMPK, Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB-NLRP3, SREBP-1c, and PPARγ, in liver, pancreas, gut, and skeletal muscle. However, the industrialization and commercialization of dietary saponin-based drugs are confronted with a significant challenge due to the low bioavailability and lack of the standardization. Hence, in-depth evaluations in pharmacological profile, function-structure interaction, drug-signal pathway interrelation are essential for developing dietary saponins-based anti-diabetic treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Yoshioka Y, Oishi S, Onoda K, Shibata K, Miyoshi N. Diosgenin prevents dexamethasone-induced myotube atrophy in C2C12 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 747:109759. [PMID: 37722527 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Several pathophysiological abnormalities, including a sedentary lifestyle, chronic diseases, and oxidative stress, can contribute to muscle atrophy triggered by an imbalance in muscle protein synthesis and degradation. Resolving muscle atrophy is a critical issue as it can reduce the quality of life. Here, one of the promising functional food factors, diosgenin (a steroidal sapogenin) showed strong preventive activities against dexamethasone (Dex)-induced muscle atrophy, as determined by the expression levels and morphology of the myosin heavy chain in C2C12 myotubes. Diosgenin inhibited protein expressions of Dex-induced skeletal muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, including muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) and casitas B-lineage lymphoma protooncogene b (Cbl-b) but not atrogin-1. Diosgenin ameliorated Dex-induced declines of Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and FoxO3a phosphorylation at Ser253, which probably at least partially contributed to the suppression of MuRF1, Cbl-b, and atrogin-1 gene expression. Additionally, diosgenin inhibited Dex-induced nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), diosgenin therefore may competitively inhibit the interaction between Dex and GR. These findings suggest that diosgenin is an effective functional food for preventing glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukiyo Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shiori Oishi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Keita Onoda
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Katsumi Shibata
- Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Hyogo, 685-0001, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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Onoda K, Kato M, Tsunematsu Y, Eto F, Sato M, Yoshioka Y, Yoshida T, Tamura K, Yao I, Dohra H, Watanabe K, Miyoshi N. Biosynthetic Gene Expression and Tissue Distribution of Diosgenin in Dioscorea japonica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4292-4297. [PMID: 36753603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin is an aglycone of dioscin, a major bioactive steroidal saponin found in plants, including Himalayan Paris (Paris polyphylla), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and yam (Dioscorea spp.). We have previously demonstrated that a species of natural yam, Dioscorea japonica, contains a promising bioactive compound diosgenin, which induces anti-carcinogenic and anti-hypertriacylglycerolemic activities. Here, we found for the first time that Japanese yam (D. japonica) bulbils are richer in diosgenin than the edible tubers (rhizomes) and leaves. LC-MS and imaging-MS analyses revealed that diosgenin accumulated in the peripheral region of D. japonica bulbils. Additionally, we performed RNA-seq analysis of D. japonica, and multiple sequence alignment identified D. japonica CYP90 (DjCYP90), the orthologous gene of CYP90G4 in P. polyphylla, CYP90B50 in T. foenum-graecum, CYP90G6 in Dioscorea zingiberensis, and CYP90G in Dioscorea villosa, which encodes a diosgenin biosynthetic rate-limiting enzyme. The expression levels of DjCYP90 were significantly upregulated in D. japonica bulbils than in its rhizomes and leaves. Since diosgenin is one of the most promising functional food factors executing several favorable bioactivities, D. japonica bulbils rich in diosgenin would be a beneficial natural resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Onoda
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mai Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsunematsu
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Eto
- Department of Optical Imaging, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yasukiyo Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yao
- Department of Optical Imaging, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hideo Dohra
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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An Overview of the Potential of Medicinal Plants Used in the Development of Nutraceuticals for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Proposed Biological Mechanisms. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot effectively use it. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing steadily, making it a global public health problem. Several serious complications are associated with this disease. There are a number of different classes of antidiabetic medications. Interestingly, traditional medicine can also be used for the development of novel classes of hypoglycemic therapeutics. This article summarizes an update of the potential of various important medicinal plants used in the development of nutraceuticals for the management of diabetes mellitus, and a proposal of their biological mechanisms.
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Nasiri A, Rashidi-Monfared S, Ebrahimi A, Falahi Charkhabi N, Moieni A. Metabolic engineering of the diosgenin biosynthesis pathway in Trigonella foenum-graceum hairy root cultures. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111410. [PMID: 35944746 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin as a triterpene with numbers of pharmaceutical applications has been identified in Trigonella foenum-graceum. In this survey, in order to scale up the amount of diosgenin in Fenugreek as a promising alternative of yam, ∆24-reductase as a rate limiting enzyme in diosgenin biosynthesis pathway has been overexpressed by utilizing pBI121 expression plasmid in hairy roots culture platform. The recombinant binary vector pBI121-∆24-reductase was transformed into R. rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834 to induce transgenic hairy roots in "Hamedan" as a low-diosgenin production genotype. In the transgenic hairy roots, the ∆24-reductase expression level was significantly 8.15 times overexpressed comparing to the non-transgenic hairy roots, Nonetheless the Sterol-methyltransferase, as a competitive enzyme, was 6 times downregulated. Furthermore, the expression rate of Squalene synthase, Cycloartenol synthase, C26-Hydroxylase were also increased 1.5, 1.7, 2.9 times higher than those of the non-transgenic hairy roots, respectively. The diosgenin content in the transgenic hairy root was raised 3 times up comparing to the non-transgenic hairy roots, besides it was scaled up 25-fold comparing to the diosgenin amount in "Hamedan" Leaf. As a result, the first metabolic engineering on this pathway was clearly revealed the impact of ∆24 -reductase gene in diosgenin content enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nasiri
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Rashidi-Monfared
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Nargues Falahi Charkhabi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Moieni
- Genetics and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Could consumption of yam ( Dioscorea) or its extract be beneficial in controlling glycaemia: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:613-624. [PMID: 34521490 PMCID: PMC9346617 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) and its associated extracts have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities and identified as beneficial in the control of glycaemia in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective was to conduct a systematic search of the literature to investigate whether yam and its extract can improve glycaemia and whether the consumption of yam could be beneficial for managing T2DM. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Population, Invention, Comparison and Outcome framework, three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched using a key term strategy. Strict inclusion criteria were employed to identify all relevant and available studies. The quality of these studies was assessed using SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool. Ten studies were included, and all studies consisted of findings from rodent models of diabetes, including animals consuming high fat diets or genetic models of diabetes. All ten studies showed that the consumption of yam and/or its extracts (containing dioscin, dioscorin, diosgenin, DA-9801/02 or Chinese yam polysaccharides) improved glycaemia. These included improvements in fasting blood glucose and reductions in glucose and increase in insulin levels following a glucose tolerance test. Furthermore, significant changes in body weight and adiposity were observed in nine studies, these included improvements in lipid biomarkers in four and reductions in inflammatory markers in one. The current work indicates that the consumption of yam or its extracts can be beneficial for improving blood glucose; however, the molecular mechanism for these effects remains largely unknown. Future trials on human subjects are warranted.
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Intestinal Morphometric Changes Induced by a Western-Style Diet in Wistar Rats and GSPE Counter-Regulatory Effect. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132608. [PMID: 35807788 PMCID: PMC9268310 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Western-style diet is an obesogenic diet for rodents and humans due to its content of saturated fat and refined sugars, mainly sucrose and, in consequence, sucrose-derived fructose. This type of diets relates with intestinal disturbances when consumed regularly. The aim of this work was to analyse the adaptive morphologic and functional changes at intestinal level derived from the unhealthy components of a Cafeteria diet in rats. The effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in the prevention of diet-induced intestinal dysfunction was also analysed. Rats were fed a 17-week cafeteria diet (CAF) without or with oral-GSPE supplementation, either intermittent GSPE administration (SIT-CAF); last 10-day GSPE supplementation at doses of 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg day (CORR-100) and (CORR-500) or pre-supplementation with 500 mg/kg GSPE (PRE-CAF). GSPE-CAF supplemented groups showed similar results to CAF diet group regarding morphology and inflammatory score in the duodenum. As an adaptive response to diet, CAF increased intestinal absorptive surface (1.24-fold) all along the intestinal tract and specifically in the small intestine, duodenum, due to increase villus height and a higher villus/crypt ratio, in addition to increase in Goblet cell percentage and inflammatory index. Animals fed GSPE at the current doses and times had higher villus heights and absorptive surface similar to Cafeteria diet group. In the duodenum, villus height correlated with body weight at 17 week and negatively with MLCK gene expression. In the colon, villus height correlated with the percentage of goblet cells. In conclusion, the CAF diet produced adaptive modifications of the intestine by increasing the absorptive area of the small intestine, the percentage of goblet cells and the inflammatory index at the duodenal level. GSPE supplementation can partially reverse the intestinal morphological changes induced by the high fat/sucrose diet when administered intermittently.
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Prasad M, Jayaraman S, Rajagopal P, Veeraraghavan VP, Kumar PK, Piramanayagam S, Pari L. Diosgenin inhibits ER stress-induced inflammation in aorta via iRhom2/TACE mediated signaling in experimental diabetic rats: An in vivo and in silico approach. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 358:109885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mohamadi Esboei M, Ebrahimi A, Amerian MR, Alipour H. Melatonin confers fenugreek tolerance to salinity stress by stimulating the biosynthesis processes of enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and diosgenin content. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:890613. [PMID: 36003823 PMCID: PMC9394454 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.890613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity-induced stress is widely considered a main plant-growth-limiting factor. The positive effects of melatonin in modulating abiotic stresses have led this hormone to be referred to as a growth regulator in plants. This study aims to show how melatonin protects fenugreek against the negative effects of salt stress. Different amounts of melatonin (30, 60, and 90 ppm), salinity stress (150 mM and 300 mM), and the use of both salinity and melatonin were used as treatments. The results showed that applying different melatonin levels to salinity-treated fenugreek plants effectively prevented the degradation of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents compared with salinity treatment without melatonin application. Besides, melatonin increases the biosynthesis of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, thereby adjusting the content of reactive oxygen species, free radicals, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde content. It was observed that applying melatonin increased the activity of potassium-carrying channels leading to the maintenance of ionic homeostasis and increased intracellular water content under salinity stress. The results revealed that melatonin activates the defense signaling pathways in fenugreek through the nitric oxide, auxin, and abscisic acid-dependent pathways. Melatonin, in a similar vein, increased the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of diosgenin, a highly important steroidal sapogenin in medical and food industries, and hence the diosgenin content. When 150 mM salinity stress and 60 ppm melatonin were coupled, the diosgenin concentration rose by more than 5.5 times compared to the control condition. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the potential of melatonin to enhance the plant tolerance to salinity stress by stimulating biochemical and physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohamadi Esboei
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Amin Ebrahimi,
| | - Mohamad Reza Amerian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hadi Alipour
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Povydysh MN, Titova MV, Ivanov IM, Klushin AG, Kochkin DV, Galishev BA, Popova EV, Ivkin DY, Luzhanin VG, Krasnova MV, Demakova NV, Nosov AM. Effect of Phytopreparations Based on Bioreactor-Grown Cell Biomass of Dioscorea deltoidea, Tribulus terrestris and Panax japonicus on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113811. [PMID: 34836067 PMCID: PMC8617789 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we explored the therapeutic potential of bioreactor-grown cell cultures of the medicinal plant species Dioscorea deltoidea, Tribulus terrestris and Panax japonicus to treat carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) in laboratory rats. In the adrenaline model of hyperglycemia, aqueous suspensions of cell biomass pre-administered at a dose of 100 mg dry biomass/kg significantly reduced glucose level in animal blood 1–2.5 h (D. deltoidea and T. terrestris) or 1 h (P. japonicus) after adrenaline hydrochloride administration. In a streptozotocin-induced model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the cell biomass of D. deltoidea and T. terrestris acted towards normalization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as evidenced by a significant reduction of daily diuresis (by 39–57%), blood-glucose level (by 46–51%), blood content in urine (by 78–80%) and total cholesterol (25–36%) compared to animals without treatment. Bioactive secondary metabolites identified in the cell cultures and potentially responsible for their actions were deltoside, 25(S)-protodioscin and protodioscin in D. deltoidea; furostanol-type steroidal glycosides and quinic acid derivatives in T. terrestris; and ginsenosides and malonyl-ginsenosides in P. japonicus. These results evidenced for high potential of bioreactor-grown cell suspensions of these species for prevention and treatment of CMD, which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Povydysh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 14, Prof. Popov Str., 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.Y.I.); (V.G.L.); (M.V.K.); (N.V.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.N.P.); (M.V.T.); Tel.: +7-(499)-678-54-00 (M.N.P.); +7-(812)-499-39-00 (M.V.T.)
| | - Maria V. Titova
- K.A. Tymyryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 35, ul. Botanicheskaya, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.I.); (A.G.K.); (D.V.K.); (E.V.P.); (A.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.N.P.); (M.V.T.); Tel.: +7-(499)-678-54-00 (M.N.P.); +7-(812)-499-39-00 (M.V.T.)
| | - Igor M. Ivanov
- K.A. Tymyryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 35, ul. Botanicheskaya, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.I.); (A.G.K.); (D.V.K.); (E.V.P.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Andrey G. Klushin
- K.A. Tymyryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 35, ul. Botanicheskaya, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.I.); (A.G.K.); (D.V.K.); (E.V.P.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Dmitry V. Kochkin
- K.A. Tymyryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 35, ul. Botanicheskaya, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.I.); (A.G.K.); (D.V.K.); (E.V.P.); (A.M.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris A. Galishev
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 620026 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Elena V. Popova
- K.A. Tymyryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 35, ul. Botanicheskaya, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.I.); (A.G.K.); (D.V.K.); (E.V.P.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Dmitry Yu. Ivkin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 14, Prof. Popov Str., 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.Y.I.); (V.G.L.); (M.V.K.); (N.V.D.)
| | - Vladimir G. Luzhanin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 14, Prof. Popov Str., 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.Y.I.); (V.G.L.); (M.V.K.); (N.V.D.)
| | - Marina V. Krasnova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 14, Prof. Popov Str., 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.Y.I.); (V.G.L.); (M.V.K.); (N.V.D.)
| | - Natalia V. Demakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 14, Prof. Popov Str., 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.Y.I.); (V.G.L.); (M.V.K.); (N.V.D.)
| | - Alexander M. Nosov
- K.A. Tymyryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 35, ul. Botanicheskaya, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.I.); (A.G.K.); (D.V.K.); (E.V.P.); (A.M.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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Gong L, Hu L, Feng D, Chi J, Wang B, Wang J. Effects of different household cooking methods on the biological properties of Chinese yam. Food Chem 2021; 363:130246. [PMID: 34116491 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb) is used as a staple food and a traditional medicine in China. This study investigated the effects of different household cooking methods on the bioactive components (phenolic compounds, diosgenin and allantoin) and their bioaccessibility as well as the biological properties (antioxidant activity, hypoglycemic activity, anti-angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) or anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) of Chinese yam using an in vitro simulated digestion model. The results demonstrated that cooking caused significant losses of total soluble phenolic compounds (lowest loss of 20% for boiling at atmospheric pressure) and diosgenin content (lowest loss of 27.37% for microwaving) but no changes in the allantoin content. The cooking methods affected the bioaccessibility of the bioactive components differently. Normal steaming resulted in the highest amount of bioaccessible phenolic compounds (71.21%) and allantoin (79.07%), whereas high-pressure boiling in the highest content of diosgenin (75.58%). The concentration of bioactive components in the digesta fluid was correlated with the antioxidant activity and enzymatic inhibitory activities. Overall, household cooking processes allow the biological activity of yam to be retained by changing the profile of bioactive components potentially available for intestinal absorption. Thus, a household cooking method such as normal pressure steaming appeared to be most suitable for achieving the expected health benefits of yam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Linlin Hu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dannin Feng
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingwen Chi
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bohan Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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Nakitto AMS, Muyonga JH, Byaruhanga YB, Wagner AE. Solanum anguivi Lam. Fruits: Their Potential Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2021; 26:2044. [PMID: 33918509 PMCID: PMC8038283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder of glucose homeostasis associated with a status of insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, sub-clinical inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. Consuming fruits and vegetables rich in phytochemicals with potential antidiabetic effects may prevent T2DM and/or support a conservative T2DM treatment while being safer and more affordable for people from low-income countries. Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits (SALF) have been suggested to exhibit antidiabetic properties, potentially due to the presence of various phytochemicals, including saponins, phenolics, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids. For the saponin fraction, antidiabetic effects have already been reported. However, it remains unclear whether this is also true for the other phytochemicals present in SALF. This review article covers information on glucose homeostasis, T2DM pathogenesis, and also the potential antidiabetic effects of phytochemicals present in SALF, including their potential mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Musaazi Sebunya Nakitto
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda or (A.M.S.N.); (J.H.M.); (Y.B.B.)
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - John H. Muyonga
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda or (A.M.S.N.); (J.H.M.); (Y.B.B.)
| | - Yusuf Byenkya Byaruhanga
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda or (A.M.S.N.); (J.H.M.); (Y.B.B.)
| | - Anika E. Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Gan Q, Wang J, Hu J, Lou G, Xiong H, Peng C, Zheng S, Huang Q. The role of diosgenin in diabetes and diabetic complications. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105575. [PMID: 31899316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and common metabolic disease that seriously endangers human health. Hyperglycemia and long-term metabolic disorders in diabetes will cause damage to the whole body tissues and organs, resulting in serious complications. Nowadays, drugs for treating diabetes on the market has strong side effects, new treatments thus are urgently needed. Natural therapy of natural ingredients is a promising avenue, this is because natural ingredients are safer and they also show strong activity in the treatment of diabetes. Diosgenin is such a very biologically active natural steroidal sapogenin. The research of diosgenin in the treatment of diabetes and its complications has been widely reported. This article reviews the effects of diosgenin through multiple targets and multiple pathways in diabetes and its complications which including diabetic nephropathy, diabetic liver disease, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic vascular disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic reproductive dysfunction, and diabetic eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ju Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Guanhua Lou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Haijun Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chengyi Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Song Zheng
- Sichuan Kaimei Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, No.155, Section 1, Fuxing Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Qinwan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Mohammadi M, Mashayekh T, Rashidi-Monfared S, Ebrahimi A, Abedini D. New insights into diosgenin biosynthesis pathway and its regulation in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:229-241. [PMID: 31469464 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Throughout history, thousands of medicinal and aromatic plants have been widely utilised by people worldwide. Owing to them possessing of valuable compounds with little side effects in comparison with chemical drugs, herbs have been of interest to humans for a number of purposes. Diosgenin, driven from fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., has extensively drawn scientist's attention owing to having curable properties and being a precursor of steroid hormones synthesis. Nonetheless, complete knowledge about the biosynthesis pathway of this metabolite is still elusive. OBJECTIVE In the present research, we isolated the full-length CDS of 14 genes involving in diosgenin formation and measured their expression rate in various genotypes, which had illustrated different amount of diosgenin. METHODOLOGY The genes were successfully isolated, and functional motifs were also assessed using in silico approaches. RESULTS Moreover, combining transcript and metabolite analysis revealed that there are many genes playing the role in diosgenin formation, some of which are highly influential. Among them, ∆24 -reductase, which converts cycloartenol to cycloartanol, is the first-committed and rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Additionally, no transcripts indicating to the presence or expression of lanosterol synthase were detected, contradicting the previous hypothesis about the biosynthetic pathway of diosgenin in fenugreek. CONCLUSION Considering all these, therefore, we propose the most possible pathway of diosgenin. This knowledge will then pave the way toward cloning the genes as well as engineering the diosgenin biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohammadi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Mashayekh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Rashidi-Monfared
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Davar Abedini
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhao C, Zhou B, Miao J, Li X, Jing S, Zhang D, Yijia Wang J, Li X, Huang L, Gao W. Multicomponent analysis and activities for evaluation of Dioscorea oppositifolia and Dioscorea hamiltonii. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1674786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shaoyang University, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Miao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songsong Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luqi Huang
- Institute of Chinese MateriaMedica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Comparative Antidiabetic Activity of Aqueous, Ethanol, and Methanol Leaf Extracts of Persea americana and Their Effectiveness in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5984570. [PMID: 31737083 PMCID: PMC6817924 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5984570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Native to Mexico, Persea americana Mill. (avocado) is a fruit tree whose different parts (leaf, bark, roots, and stone) are used in traditional medicine especially against diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of 28-day treatment with aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic leaf extracts on glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic mellitus using Wistar rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced with nicotinamide (120 mg/kg, i.p.) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.p.). After 28 days of treatment, histopathological examination of the pancreas, kidneys, liver, and muscle (tibialis anterior) were realized. Biochemical markers were determined and an intestinal absorption test of D-glucose was performed. All extracts (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced blood glucose level at the 28th day of treatment with a more pronounced effect for methanolic extract. The treatments were well tolerated and induced a restoration of T-CHOL and HDL-C levels compared to the control group. Methanolic extract reduced the AIP (atherogenic index of plasma) by 45%. Histopathological analyzes of the pancreas showed regeneration of islets of Langerhans. Methanolic extract was the most effective in preventing intestinal glucose uptake up to 60.90% in relation to metformin. These results justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine against type 2 diabetes. However, other complementary studies should be done to identify the molecules responsible for this activity and their signaling voice.
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Yoshikawa Y, Katayanagi Y, Kamiya M, Yamamoto Y, Fukutomi R, Imai S, Miyoshi N, Ohashi N. Tomato saponin supplementation ameliorates the development of experimental arthritis by regulating inflammatory responses. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Hashidume T, Sasaki K, Hirata J, Kato M, Yoshikawa Y, Iwasaki Y, Arai H, Miura S, Miyoshi N. Effects of Sanyaku and Its Constituent Diosgenin on the Fasted and Postprandial Hypertriacylglycerolemia in High-Fat-Diet-Fed KK- A y Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9968-9975. [PMID: 30179466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the fasted and postprandial triacylglycerol (TG) levels in KK- A y mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a HFD containing either 500 ppm (0.05%) of diosgenin or 500 ppm (0.05%) of diosgenin-containing Chinese yam sanyaku. Oral fat tolerance tests revealed that, not only in the fasting state but also after loading of lipid emulsion, plasma levels of TG were significantly reduced in sanyaku- and diosgenin- fed mice. Levels of fat oxidation, especially in the dark phase (from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m.), were increased in the sanyaku and diosgenin groups. Moreover mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, coactivator 1α were moderately upregulated in the liver of sanyaku- and diosgenin-ingested mice. These results suggest that consecutive ingestion of diosgenin or diosgenin-containing sanyaku at the dose achievable in a human diet potentially ameliorates fasted and postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia, which could be associated with the improvement of TG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuko Yoshikawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science , Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo 180-0023 , Japan
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Kyoto Prefectural University , 1-5 Hangi-cho , Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522 , Japan
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Mohammed A, Islam MS. Spice-Derived Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Agents or Food Adjuvant in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:893. [PMID: 30186162 PMCID: PMC6113848 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spices possess tremendous therapeutic potential including hypoglycemic action, attributed to their bioactive ingredients. However, there is no study that critically reviewed the hypoglycemic potency, safety and the bioavailability of the spice-derived bioactive ingredients (SDBI). Therefore, the aim of the study was to comprehensively review all published studies regarding the hypoglycemic action of SDBI with the purpose to assess whether the ingredients are potential hypoglycemic agents or adjuvant. Factors considered were concentration/dosages used, the extent of blood glucose reduction, the IC50 values, and the safety concern of the SDBI. From the results, cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, diosgenin, thymoquinone (TQ), and trigonelline were showed the most promising effects and hold future potential as hypoglycemic agents. Conclusively, future studies should focus on improving the tissue and cellular bioavailability of the promising SDBI to achieve greater potency. Additionally, clinical trials and toxicity studies are with these SDBI are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Siddiqui MA, Ali Z, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Hepatoprotective Effect of Steroidal Glycosides From Dioscorea villosa on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in HepG2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:797. [PMID: 30083104 PMCID: PMC6065280 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea villosa, commonly known as "Wild Yam" and native to North America, is well documented for its pharmacological properties due to the presence of steroidal glycosides. However, the hepatoprotective potential of these compounds has not been studied so far. The present investigation was aimed to study the hepatoprotective effect of the steroidal glycosides from D. villosa against H2O2, a known hepatotoxin, in human liver cell line (HepG2). Cytotoxicity assessment was carried out in cells exposed to various concentrations (10-50 μM) of compounds for 24 h using MTT assay and morphological changes. All tested compounds were known and among them, spirostans (zingiberensis saponin I, dioscin, deltonin and progenin III) were found to be cytotoxic whereas, furostans (huangjiangsu A, pseudoprotodioscin, methyl protobioside, protodioscin, and protodeltonin) were non-cytotoxic. Further, HepG2 cells were pretreated with biologically safe concentrations (10, 30, and 50 μM) of non-cytotoxic compounds and then cytotoxic (0.25 mM) concentration of H2O2. After 24 h, cell viability was assessed by MTT and NRU assays, while morphological changes were observed under the microscope. The results showed that treatment of HepG2 cells with compounds prior to H2O2 exposure effectively increased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, huangjiangsu A, pseudoprotodioscin, methyl protobioside, protodioscin, and protodeltonin at 50 μM increased GSH level and decreased intracellular ROS generation against H2O2-induced damages. The results from this study revealed that compounds isolated from D. villosa have hepatoprotective potential against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and ROS generation and could be promising as potential therapeutic agents for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood A. Siddiqui
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
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GC–MS detection and determination of major volatile compounds in Brassica juncea L. leaves and seeds. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Semaan DG, Igoli JO, Young L, Gray AI, Rowan EG, Marrero E. In vitro anti-diabetic effect of flavonoids and pheophytins from Allophylus cominia Sw. on the glucose uptake assays by HepG2, L6, 3T3-L1 and fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:8-17. [PMID: 29339110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Based on ethno-botanical information collected from diabetic patients in Cuba and firstly reported inhibition of PTP1B and DPPIV enzymes activities, Allophylus cominia (A. cominia) was identified as possible source of new drugs that could be used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2-DM). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH in this study, the activity of the characterised extracts from A. cominia was tested on the glucose uptake using HepG2 and L6 cells, 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and adipocytes as well as their effect on the fat accumulation using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. KEY RESULTS on 2-NBDG glucose uptake assay using HepG2 and L6 cells, extracts from A. cominia enhanced insulin activity by increasing glucose uptake. On HepG2 cells Insulin EC50 of 93 ± 21nM decreased to 13 ± 2nM in the presence of the flavonoids mixture from A.cominia. In L6 cells, insulin also produced a concentration-dependent increase with an EC50 of 28.6 ± 0.7nM; EC50 decreased to 0.08 ± 0.02nM and 5 ± 0.9nM in the presence of 100μg/ml of flavonoids and pheophytins mixtures, respectively. In 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, insulin had an EC50 of >1000nM that decreased to 38 ± 4nM in the presence of the flavonoids extract. However, in adipocytes, insulin produced a significant concentration-dependent increase and an EC50 of 30 ± 8nM was a further confirmation of the insulin responsiveness of the adipocytes to the insulin. At 100µg/ml, flavonoids and pheophytins extracts decreased fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by two folds in comparison to the control differentiated cells (p < 0.05). The crude extract of A. cominia did not show any enhancement of 2-NBDG uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the presence or absence of 100nM insulin. In addition, in fully differentiated adipocytes, both extracts produced significant decrease in lipid droplets in the cells and no lipid accumulation were seen after withdrawal of the extracts from the cell growth medium. However, there was no effect of both extracts on total protein concentration in cells as well as on Glut-4 transporters. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS the pharmacological effects of the extracts from A. cominia observed in experimental diabetic models were shown in this study. A. cominia is potentially a new candidate for the treatment and management of T2-DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Semaan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - J O Igoli
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373 Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - L Young
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - A I Gray
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - E G Rowan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - E Marrero
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria), San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
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Lu TJ, Yu CW, Lin YC, Wang HJ. Simultaneous Analysis of Free/Bound Phytosterols and Diosgenin in Taiwanese Yams. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kim JE, Go J, Koh EK, Song SH, Sung JE, Lee HA, Kim DS, Son HJ, Lee HS, Lee CY, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Diosgenin effectively suppresses skin inflammation induced by phthalic anhydride in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 transgenic mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:891-901. [PMID: 26998565 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1135040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To quantitatively evaluate the therapeutic effects of diosgenin (DG) and investigate the role of IL-4 on skin inflammation, alterations in luciferase-derived signal and general phenotype biomarkers were measured in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 transgenic mice with phthalic anhydride (PA)-induced skin inflammation after treatment with DG for 4 weeks. High levels of luciferase-derived signal detected in the abdominal region and submandibular lymph node (SL) of the PA treated group was significantly decreased by 67-88% in the PA + DG cotreated group. Furthermore, the weight of the lymph node and spleen, IgE concentration, epidermis thickness, and number of infiltrated mast cells were lower in the PA + DG treated group than the PA + Vehicle treated group. Moreover, expression of IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) also decreased in the PA + DG cotreated group. These results suggest that PA-induced skin inflammation could be successfully suppressed by DG treatment in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice through attenuation of IL-4 and IL-6 expression, as well as decreased IgE concentration and mast cells infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University , Miryang , Korea
| | - Jun Go
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University , Miryang , Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Koh
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University , Miryang , Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Song
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University , Miryang , Korea
| | - Ji Eun Sung
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University , Miryang , Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University , Miryang , Korea
| | - Dong Seob Kim
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University , Miryang , Korea
| | - Hong Joo Son
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University , Miryang , Korea
| | - Hee Seob Lee
- b College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University , Busan , Korea
| | | | - Jin Tae Hong
- d College of Pharmacy , Chungbuk National University , Chungju , Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University , Miryang , Korea
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The anticancer potential of steroidal saponin, dioscin, isolated from wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) root extract in invasive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in vitro. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 591:98-110. [PMID: 26682631 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we observed that wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) root extract (WYRE) was able to activate GATA3 in human breast cancer cells targeting epigenome. This study aimed to find out if dioscin (DS), a bioactive compound of WYRE, can modulate GATA3 functions and cellular invasion in human breast cancer cells. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated in the absence/presence of various concentrations of DS and subjected to gene analysis by RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. We determined the ability of MDA-MB-231 cells to migrate into wound area and examined the effects of DS on cellular invasion using invasion assay. DS reduced cell viability of both cell lines in a concentration and time-dependent manner. GATA3 expression was enhanced by DS (5.76 μM) in MDA-MB-231 cells. DS (5.76 μM)-treated MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited the morphological characteristic of epithelial-like cells; mRNA expression of DNMT3A, TET2, TET3, ZFPM2 and E-cad were increased while TET1, VIM and MMP9 were decreased. Cellular invasion of MDA-MB-231 was reduced by 65 ± 5% in the presence of 5.76 μM DS. Our data suggested that DS-mediated pathway could promote GATA3 expression at transcription and translation levels. We propose that DS has potential to be used as an anti-invasive agent in breast cancer.
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Ismail M, Shah MR, Adhikari A, Anis I, Ahmad MS, Khurram M. Govanoside A, a new steroidal saponin from rhizomes of Trillium govanianum. Steroids 2015; 104:270-5. [PMID: 26505320 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A new spirostane steroidal saponin, govanoside A (1) along with three known compounds borassoside E (2) pennogenin (3) and diosgenin (4) were isolated from rhizomes of Trillium govanianum. Their structures were elucidated through 1D, 2D-NMR spectroscopic data analysis and acid hydrolysis. Compound (2) in genus Trillium and all compounds (1-4) in T. govanianum are reported herein for the first time. Furthermore, compounds 1 &2 exhibited good to moderate activities against Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888, Aspergillus flavus ATCC 9643, Candida albicans ATCC 18804, and Candida glabrata ATCC 90030. This is a significant finding keeping in view the limited antifungal drugs for aspergillosis and candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Itrat Anis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Malik Shoaib Ahmad
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khurram
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (U) 18000, Pakistan
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Antidiabetic Effects of Yam (Dioscorea batatas) and Its Active Constituent, Allantoin, in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Nutrients 2015; 7:8532-44. [PMID: 26501316 PMCID: PMC4632431 DOI: 10.3390/nu7105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacies of crude yam (Dioscorea batatas) powder (PY), water extract of yam (EY), and allantoin (the active constituent of yam) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with respect to glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. For this purpose, 50 rats were divided into five groups: normal control (NC), diabetic control (STZ), and STZ plus treatment groups (STZ + PY, STZ + EY, and STZ + allantoin). After treatment for one-month, there was a decrease in blood glucose: 385 ± 7 in STZ, 231 ± 3 in STZ + PY, 214 ± 11 in STZ + EY, and 243 ± 6 mg/dL in STZ + allantoin, respectively. There were significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) compared to STZ (100%): 60% in STZ + PY, 55% in STZ + EY, and 63% in STZ + allantoin. With groups in the same order, there were significant decreases (p < 0.001) in HbAlc (100% as 24.4 ± 0.6 ng/mL, 78%, 75%, and 77%), total cholesterol (100% as 122 ± 3 mg/dL, 70%, 67%, and 69%), and low-density lipoprotein (100% as 29 ± 1 mg/dL, 45%, 48%, and 38%). There were also significant increases (p < 0.001) in insulin (100% as 0.22 ± 0.00 ng/mL, 173%, 209%, and 177%), GLP-1 (100% as 18.4 ± 0.7 pmol/mL, 160%, 166%, and 162%), and C-peptide (100% as 2.56 ± 0.10 ng/mL, 129%, 132%, and 130%). The treatment effectively ameliorated antioxidant stress as shown by a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in malondialdehyde (100% as 7.25 ± 0.11 nmol/mL, 87%, 86%, and 85%) together with increases (p < 0.01) in superoxide dismutase (100% as 167 ± 6 IU/mL, 147%, 159%, and 145%) and reduced glutathione (100% as 167 ± 6 nmol/mL, 123%, 141%, and 140%). The results indicate that yam and allantoin have antidiabetic effects by modulating antioxidant activities, lipid profiles and by promoting the release of GLP-1, thereby improving the function of β-cells maintaining normal insulin and glucose levels.
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Pérez-Ramírez IF, Ramos-Gómez M, Mendoza-Díaz S, Loarca-Piña G, Reynoso-Camacho R. Phytochemical characterization and effect of Calendula officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, and Salvia officinalis infusions on obesity-associated cardiovascular risk. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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In Vivo Protective Effects of Diosgenin against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Nutrients 2015; 7:4938-54. [PMID: 26091236 PMCID: PMC4488824 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) induces oxidative stress leading to cardiotoxicity. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin of Dioscorea opposita, has been reported to have antioxidant activity. Our study was aimed to find out the protective effect of diosgenin against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. DOX treatment led to a significant decrease in the ratio of heart weight to body weight, and increases in the blood pressure and the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and creatine kinase myocardial bound (CK-MB), markers of cardiotoxicity. In the heart tissue of the DOX-treated mice, DOX reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were recovered by diosgenin. Diosgenin also decreased the serum levels of cardiotoxicity markers, cardiac levels of thiobarbituric acid relative substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase-3 activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), an inflammatory factor. Moreover, diosgenin had the effects of increasing the cardiac levels of cGMP via modulation of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) activity, and in improving myocardial fibrosis in the DOX-treated mice. Molecular data showed that the protective effects of diosgenin might be mediated via regulation of protein kinase A (PKA) and p38. Our data imply that diosgenin possesses antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities, and cGMP modulation effect, which in turn protect the heart from the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Elekofehinti OO. Saponins: Anti-diabetic principles from medicinal plants - A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:95-103. [PMID: 25753168 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a global health problem. It is the most common of the endocrine disorders and is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to relative or absolute lack of insulin secretion or insulin actions. According to the World Health Organization projections, the diabetes population is likely to increase to 300 million or more by the year 2025. Current synthetic agents and insulin used effectively for the treatment of diabetes are scarce especially in rural areas, expensive and have prominent adverse effects. Complementary and alternative approaches to diabetes management such as isolation of phytochemicals with anti-hyperglycemic activities from medicinal plants is therefore imperative. Saponins are phytochemical with structural diversity and biological activities. This paper reviews saponins and various plants from which they were isolated as well as properties that make them ideal for antidiabetic remedy.
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Badalzadeh R, Yousefi B, Tajaddini A, Ahmadian N. Diosgenin-induced protection against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury is mediated by mitochondrial KATP channels in a rat model. Perfusion 2014; 30:565-71. [DOI: 10.1177/0267659114566064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of diosgenin on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and the potential involvement of mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP) channel and nitric oxide (NO) system blockades in this field. Materials and methods: After isolation of hearts of male Wister rats, the study was conducted on control and diosgenin- receiving hearts in the presence or absence of 5-HD and L-NAME (as antagonists of mitoKATP channel and NO system, respectively) in an isolated buffer-perfused heart model. Global ischaemia was induced by 30-min occlusion of aortic flow followed by 90-min reperfusion. Cardiac haemodynamics were recorded throughout the experiment using a PowerLab data acquisition system. Results: The levels of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the coronary effluents were estimated colourimetrically. Diosgenin pre-administration significantly decreased the release of LDH and CK-MD into the coronary effluent as compared the with the control group (P<0.05). The left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and contractility (±dP/dt) were significantly improved and restored to pre-ischaemic values in the diosgenin-receiving group (P<0.05 ). There were no significant differences in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, coronary flow and heart rate between the control and diosgenin-treated groups during the pre-ischaemic and reperfusion periods. Blocking the mitoKATP channels by 5-HD completely eliminated the positive effect of the diosgenin on the LVDP and ±dP/dt (P<0.05 ). However, blocking the NO system by L-NAME slightly reduced the diosgenin effects and the inhibitory effect of L-NAME was less than 5-HD. Conclusion: The results showed that diosgenin may have cardioprotective effects against myocardial reperfusion injury through activating the mitoKATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Badalzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - B Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A Tajaddini
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran
| | - N Ahmadian
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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McKoy ML, Thomas PG, Asemota H, Omoruyi F, Simon O. Effects of Jamaican Bitter Yam (Dioscorea polygonoides) and Diosgenin on Blood and Fecal Cholesterol in Rats. J Med Food 2014; 17:1183-8. [PMID: 25058383 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marsha-Lyn McKoy
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Peta-Gaye Thomas
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Helen Asemota
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Biotechnology Centre, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Felix Omoruyi
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
| | - Oswald Simon
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
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Mayakrishnan T, Nakkala JR, Jeepipalli SPK, Raja K, Khub Chandra V, Mohan VK, Sadras SR. Fenugreek seed extract and its phytocompounds- trigonelline and diosgenin arbitrate their hepatoprotective effects through attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic rats. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ghosh S, More P, Derle A, Patil AB, Markad P, Asok A, Kumbhar N, Shaikh ML, Ramanamurthy B, Shinde VS, Dhavale DD, Chopade BA. Diosgenin from Dioscorea bulbifera: novel hit for treatment of type II diabetes mellitus with inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106039. [PMID: 25216353 PMCID: PMC4162539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disease characterized by post-prandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors aim to explore novel therapeutic agents. Herein we report the promises of Dioscorea bulbifera and its bioactive principle, diosgenin as novel α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor. Among petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and 70% ethanol (v/v) extracts of bulbs of D. bulbifera, ethyl acetate extract showed highest inhibition upto 72.06 ± 0.51% and 82.64 ± 2.32% against α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively. GC-TOF-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extract indicated presence of high diosgenin content. Diosgenin was isolated and identified by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR and confirmed by HPLC which showed an α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition upto 70.94 ± 1.24% and 81.71 ± 3.39%, respectively. Kinetic studies confirmed the uncompetitive mode of binding of diosgenin to α-amylase indicated by lowering of both Km and Vm. Interaction studies revealed the quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of α-amylase in presence of diosgenin. Similarly, circular dichroism spectrometry showed diminished negative humped peaks at 208 nm and 222 nm. Molecular docking indicated hydrogen bonding between carboxyl group of Asp300, while hydrophobic interactions between Tyr62, Trp58, Trp59, Val163, His305 and Gln63 residues of α-amylase. Diosgenin interacted with two catalytic residues (Asp352 and Glu411) from α-glucosidase. This is the first report of its kind that provides an intense scientific rationale for use of diosgenin as novel drug candidate for type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Ghosh
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | - Piyush More
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | - Abhishek Derle
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | - Ajay B. Patil
- Garware Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | - Pramod Markad
- Garware Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | - Adersh Asok
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Navanath Kumbhar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | - Mahemud L. Shaikh
- National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Boppana Ramanamurthy
- National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Vaishali S. Shinde
- Garware Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | - Dilip D. Dhavale
- Garware Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune, India
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Singh M, Hamid AA, Maurya AK, Prakash O, Khan F, Kumar A, Aiyelaagbe OO, Negi AS, Bawankule DU. Synthesis of diosgenin analogues as potential anti-inflammatory agents. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:323-33. [PMID: 24816230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis of diosgenin analogues from commercially available diosgenin as the starting material. The structures of newly synthesised compounds were confirmed by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and mass spectrometry. All analogues were evaluated for in-vitro anti-inflammatory profile against LPS-induced inflammation in primary peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice by quantification of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) cytokines in cell culture supernatant using the ELISA technique followed by in-vitro cytotoxicity study. Among the synthesised analogues, analogue 15 [(E) 26-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzylidene)-furost-5en-3β-acetate)] showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity. Efficacy and safety of analogue 15 were further validated in an in-vivo system using LPS-induced sepsis model and acute oral toxicity in mice. Oral administration of analogue 15 inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, attenuated the liver and lung injury and reduced the mortality rate in sepsis mice. Acute oral toxicity study showed that analogue 15 is non-toxic at higher dose in BALB/c mice. Molecular docking study revealed the strong binding affinity of diosgenin analogues to the active site of the pro-inflammatory proteins. These findings suggested that analogue 15 may be a useful therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Singh
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - A A Hamid
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Anil K Maurya
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Molecular and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Molecular and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Anant Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - O O Aiyelaagbe
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Arvind S Negi
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Dnyaneshwar U Bawankule
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
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McKoy ML, Grant K, Asemota H, Simon O, Omoruyi F. Renal and Hepatic Function in Hypercholesterolemic Rats Fed Jamaican Bitter Yam (Dioscorea polygonoides). J Diet Suppl 2014; 12:173-83. [PMID: 25167076 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2014.952860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reported that Jamaican bitter yam (Dioscorea polygonoides) has antilipemic potential in rats; however there is limited data on the toxicological profile of the yam. We therefore investigated the effects of bitter yam consumption for 6 or 12 weeks on renal and hepatic function in rats fed a high (4%) cholesterol diet. METHODS Twenty four rats were divided into six groups (n = 4); three of which were used for each investigation (6 or 12 weeks). One group was administered 4% cholesterol diet, while the yam group had the cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% bitter yam. The control group was fed standard rat chow. Liver and kidney function tests were performed on serum, liver and kidney. Histological studies were conducted on liver samples. Acute toxicity tests were performed in rats and mice administered a single high dose of bitter yam (10 g/kg). RESULTS Activities of liver and kidney AST and ALT differed (p ≤ .02) between control rats and those fed cholesterol with bitter yam for 12 weeks. Albumin to globulin ratio was reduced (p = .03) in rats fed cholesterol with bitter yam for 6 weeks as compared to the control group. Serum urea concentration was higher (p < .05) in rats fed bitter yam as compared to normal chow for 6 weeks. The cholesterol diet caused extensive fat deposition in liver cells; however this was inhibited by co-administration of bitter yam. CONCLUSION Long-term administration of Jamaican bitter yam may induce slight changes in renal and hepatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha-Lyn McKoy
- 1Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
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Tharaheswari M, Jayachandra Reddy N, Kumar R, Varshney KC, Kannan M, Sudha Rani S. Trigonelline and diosgenin attenuate ER stress, oxidative stress-mediated damage in pancreas and enhance adipose tissue PPARγ activity in type 2 diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:161-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yang HP, Yue L, Jiang WW, Liu Q, Kou JP, Yu BY. Diosgenin inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced tissue factor activity and expression in THP-1 cells via down-regulation of the NF-κB, Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 11:608-15. [PMID: 24345501 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether diosgenin could modulate tissue factor (TF) procoagulation activity, expression, and related signal transduction pathways. METHODS Human THP-1 monocytic cells were exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 10 ng·mL(-1)) with or without diosgenin (0.01, 0.1, and 1 μmol · L(-1)) for 2 h or 5 h to induce TF procoagulant activity and expression, which were determined by the simplified chromogenic assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blotting assays. In addition, the activation of the NF-κB, Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways were also measured by Western blotting. RESULTS Diosgenin significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced TF procoagulant activity at concentrations of 0.01 to 1 μmol · L(-1) with IC50 of 0.25 μmol · L(-1). It also reduced protein expression and mRNA accumulation of TF dose-dependently in activated THP-1 cells. TNF-α stimulated significantly phosphorylation on Ser536 of NF-κB/p65, Ser473 of Akt at 5-15 min, and activations of IKK-β and ERK at 15-30 min. Diosgenin (1 μmol · L(-1)) could inhibit the phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65, IKK-β, Akt, ERK, and JNK, but had no remarkable effects on IκB and p38 phosphorylation in THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION Diosgenin inhibits TNF-α-induced TF activity and expression in monocytes, partly due to its down-regulation of the phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65, IKK-β, Akt, ERK, and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun-Ping Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Asht LDS, Rêgo TDS, Pessoa LR, Leite J, Ferreira AM, dos Santos ADS, Feijó MBDS, dos Anjos JS, Correia-Santos AM, da Costa CAS, Boaventura GT. The effects of Yam (Dioscorea bulbifera) intake on small intestine morphology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise da S. Asht
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory; College of Nutrition; Federal Fluminense University; Rua Mário Santos Braga, 30 Niterói RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - Thaís de S. Rêgo
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory; College of Nutrition; Federal Fluminense University; Rua Mário Santos Braga, 30 Niterói RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - Letícia R. Pessoa
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory; College of Nutrition; Federal Fluminense University; Rua Mário Santos Braga, 30 Niterói RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - Juliana Leite
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinics; Veterinary Faculty; Federal Fluminense University; Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Vital Brazil Niterói RJ 24230-340 Brazil
| | - Ana M. Ferreira
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinics; Veterinary Faculty; Federal Fluminense University; Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Vital Brazil Niterói RJ 24230-340 Brazil
| | - Aline de S. dos Santos
- Physiological Sciences Department; Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes; State University of Rio de Janeiro; Av. 28 de Setembro, 87 Vila Isabel Rio de Janeiro RJ 20551-030 Brazil
| | - Márcia B. da S. Feijó
- Bromatology Laboratory; College of Pharmacy; Federal Fluminense University; Rua Dr. Mário Viana, 523 Niterói RJ 24241- 001 Brazil
| | - Juliana S. dos Anjos
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory; College of Nutrition; Federal Fluminense University; Rua Mário Santos Braga, 30 Niterói RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - André M. Correia-Santos
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory; College of Nutrition; Federal Fluminense University; Rua Mário Santos Braga, 30 Niterói RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - Carlos A. S. da Costa
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory; College of Nutrition; Federal Fluminense University; Rua Mário Santos Braga, 30 Niterói RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - Gilson T. Boaventura
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory; College of Nutrition; Federal Fluminense University; Rua Mário Santos Braga, 30 Niterói RJ 24020-140 Brazil
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Kumar V, Desai D, Shriram V. Hairy Root Induction in Helicteres isora L. and Production of Diosgenin in Hairy Roots. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2014; 4:107-12. [PMID: 24859054 PMCID: PMC4004830 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-014-0011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mature seeds of Helicteres isora L. were collected from seven geographical locations of Maharashtra and Goa (India) and evaluated for diosgenin (a bioactive steroidal sapogenin of prime importance) extraction and quantification. Chemotypic variations were evidenced with diosgenin quantity ranging from 33 μg g(-1) seeds (Osmanabad forests) to 138 μg g(-1) (Khopoli region). Nodal and leaf explants from in vitro-raised seedlings were used for callus and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, respectively. Compact, hard, whitish-green callus (2.65 g explant(-1)) was obtained on MS + 13.32 μM BAP + 2.32 μM Kin after 30 days of inoculation. Various parameters including types of explant and Agrobacterium strain, culture density, duration of infection and various medium compositions were optimized for hairy root production. A. rhizogenes strain ATCC-15834 successfully induced hairy roots from leaf explants (1 cm(2)) with 42 % efficiency. Transgenic status of the roots was confirmed by PCR using rolB and VirD specific primers. Hairy roots showed an ability to synthesize diosgenin. Diosgenin yield was increased ~8 times in hairy roots and ~5 times in callus than the seeds of wild plants. Enhanced diosgenin content was associated with proline accumulation in hairy roots. This is the first report on induction of hairy roots in H. isora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 016 India
| | - Dnyanada Desai
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 016 India
| | - Varsha Shriram
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Akurdi, Pune, 411 044 India
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Diosgenin attenuates inflammatory response induced by myocardial reperfusion injury: role of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:425-32. [PMID: 24535716 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion injury is one of the main reasons of cardiac disease morbidity. Phytopharmaceuticals are gaining importance in modern medicine of cardioprotection because of their multiplex capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diosgenin on the inflammatory response induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury and the role of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels in this regard. Wistar rats (250-300 g) were used in this study. The Langendorff-perfused hearts of animals were subjected to a 30-min global ischemia followed by a 90-min reperfusion. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured by spectrophotometry. The levels of inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 in the supernatant of heart's left ventricle were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay rat specific ELISA kit. The LDH release into the coronary effluent during reperfusion was significantly decreased, and cardiac contractility significantly improved by diosgenin preadministration as compared with those of control or Cremophor-EL (solvent of diosgenin) groups (398 ± 48 vs. 665 ± 65 or 650 ± 73 ml/min) (P < 0.01). Administration of diosgenin before the main ischemia significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 (P < 0.05), IL-1β, and TNF-α (P < 0.01) in the reperfusion phase of diosgenin-treated hearts as compared with untreated control hearts. Inhibition of mitoKATP channels by 5-hydroxydecanoate significantly reverses the cardioprotective effects of diosgenin (P < 0.05). The findings of the present study indicate that preconditioning with diosgenin may induce cardioprotective effect against reperfusion injury through reducing the production of inflammatory mediators and activating the mitoKATP channels.
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. CRC is responsible for more than 600,000 deaths annually and incidence rates are increasing in most of the developing countries. Epidemiological and laboratory investigations suggest that environmental factors such as western style dietary habits, tobacco-smoking, and lack of physical activities are considered as risks for CRC. Molecular pathobiology of CRC implicates pro-inflammatory conditions to promote the tumor malignant progression, invasion, and metastasis. It is well known that patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at higher risk of CRC. Many evidences exist reiterating the link between Inflammation and CRC. Inflammation involves interaction between various immune cells, inflammatory cells, chemokines, cytokines, and pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways, which may lead to signaling towards, tumor cell proliferation, growth, and invasion. Thus, this review will focus on mechanisms by which pro-inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species play a role in promoting CRC. Based on these mechanisms, various preventive strategies, involving anti-inflammatory agents, such as COX inhibitors, COX-LOX inhibitors, iNOS inhibitors, natural supplements/agents, and synthetic agents, that blocks the inflammatory pathways and suppress CRC are discussed in this review.
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Sangeetha M, ShriShri Mal N, Atmaja K, Sali VK, Vasanthi HR. PPAR’s and Diosgenin a chemico biological insight in NIDDM. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:403-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Preliminary nutritional and biological potential of Artocarpus heterophyllus L. shell powder. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013; 52:1339-49. [PMID: 25745202 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Artocarpus heterophyllus shell powder was investigated in terms of its nutritional and biological potential. A thorough examination of shell powder demonstrated its potential as a source of minerals, β carotene and dietary fiber, which were assessed gravimetrically & spectrophotometrically. This showed 3.05 ± 0.19 g 100 g(-1) DW of alkaloids followed by saponins and tannins. Three different extracts; acetone, methanol, & mix solvent were used to evaluate phenolic & flavonoid content, antioxidant & antimicrobial activity, GC/MS screening and quantitative analysis of polyphenols. Among all, the methanol extract showed highest antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH, FRAP & ABTS assays and was significantly correlated with phenolic and flavonoid contents. Phenolic & flavonoid content was found to be 158 ± 0.34 mg (GAE) and 10.0 ± 0.64 mg (CE) respectively. The results of antimicrobial activity showed that L. monocytogenes was more susceptible to all extracts followed by other microorganisms. Catechin, ascorbic & chlorogenic acids were identified as major polyphenols analyzed by LC-MS/MS. GC/MS analysis showed that it contains a variety of compounds with different therapeutic activities. The study revealed that A. heterophyllus shell is a good source of natural antioxidants & other bioactive compounds and can be used in cosmetics, medicines and functional food application.
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Nejatzadeh-Barandozi F. Antibacterial activities and antioxidant capacity of Aloe vera. Org Med Chem Lett 2013; 3:5. [PMID: 23870710 PMCID: PMC3729540 DOI: 10.1186/2191-2858-3-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to identify, quantify, and compare the phytochemical contents, antioxidant capacities, and antibacterial activities of Aloe vera lyophilized leaf gel (LGE) and 95% ethanol leaf gel extracts (ELGE) using GC-MS and spectrophotometric methods. Results Analytically, 95% ethanol is less effective than ethyl acetate/diethyl ether or hexane (in the case of fatty acids) extractions in separating phytochemicals for characterization purposes. However, although fewer compounds are extracted in the ELGE, they are approximately 345 times more concentrated as compared to the LGE, hence justifying ELGE use in biological efficacy studies in vivo. Individual phytochemicals identified included various phenolic acids/polyphenols, phytosterols, fatty acids, indoles, alkanes, pyrimidines, alkaloids, organic acids, aldehydes, dicarboxylic acids, ketones, and alcohols. Due to the presence of the antioxidant polyphenols, indoles, and alkaloids, the A. vera leaf gel shows antioxidant capacity as confirmed by ORAC and FRAP analyses. Both analytical methods used show the non-flavonoid polyphenols to contribute to the majority of the total polyphenol content. Three different solvents such as aqueous, ethanol, and acetone were used to extract the bioactive compounds from the leaves of A. vera to screen the antibacterial activity selected human clinical pathogens by agar diffusion method. The maximum antibacterial activities were observed in acetone extracts (12 ± 0.45, 20 ± 0.35, 20 ± 0.57, and 15 ± 0.38 nm) other than aqueous and ethanol extracts. Conclusion Due to its phytochemical composition, A. vera leaf gel may show promise in alleviating symptoms associated with/or prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nejatzadeh-Barandozi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khoy Branch, Islamic Azad University, P,O, Box 58168-44799, Khoy, Iran.
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