1
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Wu YT, Lin CH, Chiu WC, Hsieh TJ, Chang SJ, Chang YC, Lan YY. Treatment with autophagic inhibitors enhances oligonol‑induced apoptotic effects in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Biomed Rep 2024; 21:143. [PMID: 39161943 PMCID: PMC11332131 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy has increased the survival rate of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), certain patients do not respond well to the treatment and have a poor prognosis. Therefore, novel therapeutic drugs and strategies to improve prognosis of patients with NPC are required. As certain plant extracts can suppress the viability of cancer cells, the present study investigated whether oligonol, a polyphenolic compound primarily found in lychee fruit, exerts anticancer activities in NPC cells. MTT, ELISA and immunoblotting were performed to investigate cell survival, cytokeratin-18 fragment release, and the expression of apoptosis and autophagy markers, respectively. Oligonol decreased the viability of NPC-TW01 and NPC/HK1NPC cell lines. Oligonol increased the protein expression of several apoptosis markers, including cleaved caspase-8 and -3, cleaved PARP and cytokeratin 18 fragment. Moreover, it also increased expression of autophagy markers Beclin 1 and LC3-II, as well as LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in both NPC cell lines. Furthermore, treatment with autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine or LY294002 significantly increased oligonol-induced viability inhibition in NPC-TW01 cells. Combined treatment of oligonol + LY294002 reduced LC3-II expression and the LC3II/LC3I ratio while increasing cleaved caspase-8 and -3, cleaved PARP and cytokeratin 18 fragment expression in NPC-TW01 cells. These findings indicated autophagy inhibitors could enhance viability inhibition and apoptotic effects induced by oligonol in NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ting Wu
- Department of Pathology, Golden Hospital, Pingtung 90049, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Han Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Chin Chiu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Jen Hsieh
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sue-Joan Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun-Ching Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Yan Lan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
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2
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Choi SY, Ahn SY, Jo D, Kim OY, Song J. Oligonol enhances brain cognitive function in high-fat diet-fed mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117322. [PMID: 39191029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, is well recognized for its antioxidant properties, blood glucose regulation, and fat mass reduction capability. However, its effect on the central nervous system remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of oligonol on brain in a high-fat diet (HFD) fed mouse model, and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and primary cultured cortical neuron under insulin resistance conditions. HFD mice were orally administered oligonol (20 mg/kg) daily, and SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons were pretreated with 500 ng/mL oligonol under in vitro insulin resistance conditions. Our findings revealed that oligonol administration reduced blood glucose levels and improved spatial memory function in HFD mice. In vitro data demonstrated that oligonol protected neuronal cells and enhanced neural structure against insulin resistance. We confirmed RNA sequencing in the oligonol-pretreated insulin-resistant SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Our RNA-sequencing data indicated that oligonol contributes to metabolic signaling and neurite outgrowth. In conclusion, our study provides insights into therapeutic potential of oligonol with respect to preventing neuronal cell damage and improving neural structure and cognitive function in HFD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Yeon Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Danbi Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Nie F, Liu L, Cui J, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Zhou D, Wu J, Li B, Wang T, Li M, Yan M. Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins: An Updated Review of Their Natural Sources, Synthesis, and Potentials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051004. [PMID: 37237870 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs), as a class of compounds widely found in plants, are particularly abundant in grapes and blueberries. It is a polymer comprising many different monomers, such as catechins and epicatechins. The monomers are usually linked to each other by two types of links, A-linkages (C-O-C) and B-linkages (C-C), to form the polymers. Numerous studies have shown that compared to high polymeric procyanidins, OPCs exhibit antioxidant properties due to the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups. This review describes the molecular structure and natural source of OPCs, their general synthesis pathway in plants, their antioxidant capacity, and potential applications, especially the anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, cardiovascular disease prevention, and antineoplastic functions. Currently, OPCs have attracted much attention, being non-toxic and natural antioxidants of plant origin that scavenge free radicals from the human body. This review would provide some references for further research on the biological functions of OPCs and their application in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxuan Nie
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Lili Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jiamin Cui
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yuquan Zhao
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Dinggang Zhou
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Bao Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Tonghua Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Mei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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4
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Sathya R, Valan Arasu M, Ilavenil S, Rejiniemon T, Vijayaraghavan P. Cosmeceutical potentials of litchi fruit and its by-products for a sustainable revalorization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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5
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Litchi-Derived Polyphenol Alleviates Liver Steatosis and Gut Dysbiosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142921. [PMID: 35889878 PMCID: PMC9319370 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical data suggest the role of litchi extract in alleviating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modulating gut microbiota. We aimed at investigating whether oligonol, a litchi-derived polyphenol, could improve liver steatosis and gut dysbiosis in patients with NAFLD. Adults with grade ≥2 steatosis, defined by an MRI proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) of ≥11%, were randomly assigned to receive either oligonol or placebo for 24 weeks. The alteration in the MRI-PDFF and gut microbiota composition assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing were examined. There were 38 patients enrolled (n = 19 in each group). A significant reduction in the MRI-PDFF between week 0 and week 24 was observed in the oligonol group, while there was a non-significant decrease in the placebo group. A significant improvement in alpha-diversity was demonstrated in both of the groups. The oligonol-induced microbiota changes were characterized by reduced abundance of pathogenic bacteria, including Dorea, Romboutsia, Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003 and Agathobacter, as well as increased abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, such as Akkermansia, Lachnospira, Dialister and Faecalibacterium. In summary, this study is the first to provide evidence that supports that oligonol improves steatosis through the modulation of gut bacterial composition. Our results also support the beneficial and complementary role of oligonol in treating NAFLD.
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6
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Chen Y, Qie X, Quan W, Zeng M, Qin F, Chen J, Adhikari B, He Z. Omnifarious fruit polyphenols: an omnipotent strategy to prevent and intervene diabetes and related complication? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-37. [PMID: 34792409 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome which cannot be cured. Recently, considerable interest has been focused on food ingredients to prevent and intervene in complications of diabetes. Polyphenolic compounds are one of the bioactive phytochemical constituents with various biological activities, which have drawn increasing interest in human health. Fruits are part of the polyphenol sources in daily food consumption. Fruit-derived polyphenols possess the anti-diabetic activity that has already been proved either from in vitro studies or in vivo studies. The mechanisms of fruit polyphenols in treating diabetes and related complications are under discussion. This is a comprehensive review on polyphenols from the edible parts of fruits, including those from citrus, berries, apples, cherries, mangoes, mangosteens, pomegranates, and other fruits regarding their potential benefits in preventing and treating diabetes mellitus. The signal pathways of characteristic polyphenols derived from fruits in reducing high blood glucose and intervening hyperglycemia-induced diabetic complications were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejiao Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Effects of oligonol on the submandibular gland in ovariectomized rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111897. [PMID: 34328116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the effects of oligonol on submandibular gland dysfunction in ovariectomized rats. We randomly divided female Sprague-Dawley rats into sham-operated, ovariectomized, and oligonol-treated ovariectomized groups. Oligonol was intraperitoneally administered at 30 mg/kg daily for six weeks. Lipogenesis increased after the ovariectomy while fatty acid oxidation increased and intracellular triglyceride levels decreased in response to oligonol treatment. Submandibular gland fibrosis characterized by collagen type I accumulation was observed in the ovariectomized group. However, oligonol markedly reduced fibrosis to a level comparable to that observed in the sham group. Aquaporin 1 and glucose transporter 4 were downregulated in the ovariectomized group. Nevertheless, both factors were significantly upregulated by oligonol treatment. However, aquaporin 5 was significantly downregulated in the oligonol treatment group. Our findings indicate that oligonol protects against damage in postmenopausal rat salivary glands.
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8
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Hayashi K, Kawai S, Hinohara K, Osada K. Oligonol, a Low-molecular Weight Polyphenol Extracted from Lychee Fruit, Modulates Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats within a Short Period. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:1077-1085. [PMID: 32788520 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing research interest in the hypocholesterolemic effect of various food components such as polyphenols. In this study, we examined the effects of oligonol-a low-molecular weight polyphenol extracted from lychee fruit-on cholesterol metabolism in rats under short-term administration. Administration of oligonol for 3 days significantly increased cecum weight and decreased cecal n-butyric acid concentrations in rats. Oligonol also significantly lowered the levels of hepatic cholesterol and increased the levels of total neutral steroids excreted in the feces. It also increased fecal β-muricholic acid significantly, whereas the levels of total acidic steroids remained unchanged. Gene expression of hepatic CYP7A1 (cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1) significantly increased following the administration of oligonol. This increase could be ascribed to changes in the expression of farnesoid X receptor, small heterodimer partner, and fibroblast growth factor 15 in ileum. Our data suggest that oligonol induces hypocholesterolemic effects through the inhibition of biliary cholesterol absorption from the intestine and the upregulation of cholesterol catabolism in rats even following short-term administration. Therefore, oligonol may be an important food component for reducing cholesterol level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khota Hayashi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University
| | - Saki Kawai
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University
| | - Ken Hinohara
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University
| | - Kyoichi Osada
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University
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9
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Waki H, Suzuki T, Uebaba K, Hisajima T. Effects of a Standardized Oligomerized-Polyphenol from Litchi chinensis Fruit Extract and Mixed Plant Extract Supplementation on Peripheral Circulation and Cold Sensitivity. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 66:255-260. [PMID: 32612088 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Certain individuals tend to suffer from a cold sensation-particularly in the lower extremities-despite most people not suffering from the same sensation. In Japan, this phenomenon is called "hie-sho" and reduces quality of life for several people, particularly women. A previous study has shown that a standardized oligomerized-polyphenol from Litchi chinensis fruit extract (OPLFE) reportedly causes a significant increase in body surface temperature. The present study aimed to investigate whether supplementation with OPLFE affected peripheral circulation and cold sensitivity. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed including 25 participants (age, 45.0±10.4 y; 3 males and 22 females) who were assigned to consume OPLFE, mixed plant extract with OPLFE, or placebo capsules for 14 d. Participants were instructed to relax for 60 min in a temperature-controlled room prior to obtaining measurements. Changes in skin temperature and peripheral blood flow of the middle finger were assessed immediately before and 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after immersion in cold water (10ºC). Participants' height, weight, skin temperature, and blood flow in peripheral tissue were measured; furthermore, their "hie-sho" was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Skin temperature and blood flow in peripheral tissue increased in the OPLFE and mixed plant extract with OPLFE groups on day 14 compared with those on day 1. In addition, cold sensitivity in these two groups significantly improved between day 1 and day 14. These findings suggest that OPLFE improves "hie-sho" by increasing peripheral blood flow and skin temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Waki
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University.,Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Kazuo Uebaba
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University.,Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Tatsuya Hisajima
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University.,Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University
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10
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Zhao L, Wang K, Wang K, Zhu J, Hu Z. Nutrient components, health benefits, and safety of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.): A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2139-2163. [PMID: 33337091 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a tropical to subtropical fruit that is widely cultivated in more than 20 countries worldwide. It is normally consumed as fresh or processed and has become one of the most popular fruits because it has a delicious flavor, attractive color, and high nutritive value. Whole litchi fruits have been used not only as a food source but also for medicinal purposes. As a traditional Chinese medicine, litchi has been used for centuries to treat stomach ulcers, diabetes, cough, diarrhea, and dyspepsia, as well as to kill intestinal worms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that whole litchi fruits exhibit antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and antiobesity activities and show anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, hypotensive, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. The health benefits of litchi have been attributed to its wide range of nutritional components, among which polysaccharides and polyphenols have been proven to possess various beneficial properties. The diversity and composition of litchi polysaccharides and polyphenols have vital influences on their biological activities. In addition, consuming fresh litchi and its products could lead to some adverse reactions for some people such as pruritus, urticaria, swelling of the lips, swelling of the throat, dyspnea, or diarrhea. These safety problems are probably caused by the soluble protein in litchi that could cause anaphylactic and inflammatory reactions. To achieve reasonable applications of litchi in the food, medical and cosmetics industries, this review focuses on recent findings related to the nutrient components, health benefits, and safety of litchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhuoyan Hu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Chen X, Xu B, Nie L, He K, Zhou L, Huang X, Spencer P, Yang X, Liu J. Flavanol-rich lychee fruit extract substantially reduces progressive cognitive and molecular deficits in a triple-transgenic animal model of Alzheimer disease. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:720-734. [PMID: 31603034 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1673527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment to prevent or arrest the advance of Alzheimer disease (AD) has yet to be discovered. We investigated whether OligonolR, an FDA-approved flavanol-rich extract prepared from lychee fruit and green tea, exerted beneficial effects relevant to AD in a triple transgenic male mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD). At 9 months of age, untreated 3×Tg-AD mice vs. wild-type (WT) controls displayed cognitive deficits in behavioral assays and, at 12 months, elevated levels of hippocampal amyloid beta-protein (Aβ), amyloid precursor protein (APP), tau phosphorylation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. 3×Tg-AD mice given Oligonol showed fewer cognitive deficits and attenuated pathological indices at 12 months. Oligonol treatment of 3×Tg-AD mice modulated expression of some critical brain proteins that involve multiple pathways relevant to mitochondrial dysfunction, proteasomal failure, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and synaptic impairment. Together, these results demonstrate that continuous Oligonol treatment attenuates AD-like pathology and cognitive impairment of 3×Tg-AD mice and set the stage for clinical trials of this flavanol-rich plant extract in patients with early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Luling Nie
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiwu He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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12
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Chang Y, Chen Y, Liu H, Chan Y, Liu M, Hu S, Tseng W, Wu H, Wang M, Chang S. Oligonol Alleviates Sarcopenia by Regulation of Signaling Pathways Involved in Protein Turnover and Mitochondrial Quality. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801102. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Ching Chang
- Department of Life SciencesNational Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
- Department of NursingShu‐Zen College of Medicine and Management 821 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Tien Chen
- School of Food SafetyTaipei Medical University 110 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hung‐Wen Liu
- Department of Physical EducationNational Taiwan Normal University 106 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yin‐Ching Chan
- Department of Food and NutritionProvidence University 433 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Yi Liu
- Department of Long Term CareWu Feng University 621 Chiayi County Taiwan
| | - Shu‐Hui Hu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyKaohsiung Medical University 807 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Tai Tseng
- Department of Life SciencesNational Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Ling Wu
- Department of Life SciencesNational Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Fu Wang
- Department of Food and NutritionProvidence University 433 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Sue‐Joan Chang
- Department of Life SciencesNational Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
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13
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Positive and negative effects of polyphenol incorporation in baked foods. Food Chem 2019; 284:90-99. [PMID: 30744873 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are hot research topics worldwide owing to their physiological and pharmaceutical activities. Polyphenols and polyphenol-enriched by-products have been widely used in bakery foods because of their neutraceutical properties. This review summarizes the classification, biosynthesis, main source and analysis of polyphenols and intensively discusses the effects of their incorporation in baked foods. The positive effects of polyphenol incorporation include elevation of antioxidant activity of baked foods, scavenging of food-borne toxins produced during thermal processing and decreasing postprandial serum glucose level. Meanwhile, polyphenol incorporation negatively influences colour, texture and flavour of baked foods and bioavailability of the added polyphenols. Most polyphenols are thermally sensitive and reactive. Thus far, few studies have investigated on neoformed compounds from the reaction of polyphenols or their oxidised products (quinones) with other food components. Before launching polyphenol-incorporated bakery foods in the market, future work should focus on full toxicological evaluation of newly derived compounds from polyphenols.
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14
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Lee AY, Choi JW, Yokozawa T, Cho EJ. Preventive effect of oligonol on nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production through regulation of nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells against sodium nitroprusside. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3987-3993. [PMID: 35518095 PMCID: PMC9060530 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08867e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonol attenuated SNP-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responsesviaregulation of the NF-κB signalling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition
- Kimchi Research Institute
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Technology Support Center
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-8555
- Japan
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition
- Kimchi Research Institute
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
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15
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Role of oxidative stress in pathology of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and male infertility and antioxidants function in ameliorating oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:714-723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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16
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Bahijri SM, Ajabnoor G, Hegazy GA, Alsheikh L, Moumena MZ, Bashanfar BM, Alzahrani AH. Supplementation with Oligonol, Prevents Weight Gain and Improves Lipid Profile in Overweight and Obese Saudi Females. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2018; 14:164-170. [PMID: 29853817 PMCID: PMC5907059 DOI: 10.2174/1573401313666170609101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a global health problem, increasing susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Varieties of products have been proposed for treatment with varying degrees of success. Recent studies, suggested Oligonol; an optimized phenolic product mixture from Lychee Fruit Polyphenols (LFP); as such treatment in Japanese population. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of oligonol on weight, insulin resistance by (HOMA-IR), lipids profile, leptin, Adiponectin, and resistin in healthy overweight and obese Saudi females. Subjects and Methods: 60 Saudi healthy overweight and obese females were enrolled in a double blind case/control study to take either Oligonol or placebo for 12 weeks without dietary or lifestyle re-strictions. Weight, height, Waist Circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and blood pressure were measured, and fasting blood samples of participants were taken before, and at the end of study. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were meas-ured. LDL- cholesterol, HOMA-IR were calculated by equation. Results: 47 subjects completed the study, 25 in placebo group, and 22 in Oligonol group. No ill effects were noted in any participant. Oligonol reduced means of serum triglycerides (P=0.008), and resistin (P=0.045) significantly. In addition, no weight gain was noted in oligonol group, unlike placebo group which exhibited significant increase in mean weight (P= 0.036), WC (P=0.027), HC (P= 0.047), and leptin (P <0.001). Conclusion: Oligonol could be suggested as future hypolipidemic and weight controlling agent for overweight and obese Saudi females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhad M Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, KAU, KSA.,Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU
| | - Ghada Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, KAU, KSA.,Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU
| | - Gehan A Hegazy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, KAU, KSA.,Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU.,Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Z Moumena
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU.,Student at the Faculty of pharmacy, KAU, KSA
| | - Bushra M Bashanfar
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU.,Student at the Faculty of pharmacy, KAU, KSA
| | - Amal H Alzahrani
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KAU.,Student at the Faculty of pharmacy, KAU, KSA
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17
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Proanthocyanidins against Oxidative Stress: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8584136. [PMID: 29750172 PMCID: PMC5884402 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8584136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PCs) are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds abundant in many vegetables, plant skins (rind/bark), seeds, flowers, fruits, and nuts. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated myriad effects potentially beneficial to human health, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, DNA repair, and antitumor activity. Accumulation of prooxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeding cellular antioxidant capacity results in oxidative stress (OS), which can damage macromolecules (DNA, lipids, and proteins), organelles (membranes and mitochondria), and whole tissues. OS is implicated in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of many cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, dermatological, and metabolic diseases, both through direct molecular damage and secondary activation of stress-associated signaling pathways. PCs are promising natural agents to safely prevent acute damage and control chronic diseases at relatively low cost. In this review, we summarize the molecules and signaling pathways involved in OS and the corresponding therapeutic mechanisms of PCs.
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18
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Tanaka T, Matsuo Y, Saito Y. Solubility of Tannins and Preparation of Oil-Soluble Derivatives. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1179-1187. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Yosuke Matsuo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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19
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Bhakta HK, Paudel P, Fujii H, Sato A, Park CH, Yokozawa T, Jung HA, Choi JS. Oligonol promotes glucose uptake by modulating the insulin signaling pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells via inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:1314-1327. [PMID: 29027136 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) overexpression are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by defects in insulin signaling and glucose intolerance. In a previous study, we demonstrated oligonol inhibits PTP1B and α-glucosidase related to T2DM. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic effects of oligonol in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Glucose uptake was assessed using a fluorescent glucose tracer, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose, and the signaling pathway was investigated by western blotting. Oligonol significantly increased insulin-provoked glucose uptake and decreased PTP1B expression, followed by modulation of ERK phosphorylation. In addition, oligonol activated insulin receptor substrate 1 by reducing phosphorylation at serine 307 and increasing that at tyrosine 895, and enhanced the phosphorylations of Akt and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Interestingly, it also reduced the expression of two key enzymes of gluconeogenesis (glucose 6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), attenuated oxidative stress by scavenging/inhibiting peroxynitrite, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and augmented the expression of nuclear factor kappa B. These findings suggest oligonol improved the insulin sensitivity of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells by attenuating the insulin signaling blockade and modulating glucose uptake and production. Furthermore, oligonol attenuated ROS-related inflammation and prevented oxidative damage in our in vitro model of type 2 diabetes. These result indicate oligonol has promising potential as a treatment for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar Bhakta
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajime Fujii
- Amino Up Chemical Company Ltd., Sapporo, 004-0839, Japan
| | - Atsuya Sato
- Amino Up Chemical Company Ltd., Sapporo, 004-0839, Japan
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Impact of Maturity of Malay Cherry (Lepisanthes alata) Leaves on the Inhibitory Activity of Starch Hydrolases. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060873. [PMID: 28538667 PMCID: PMC6152707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of young (7-day-old) Malay cherry (Lepisanthes alata) leaves were incorporated into wheat and rice flours to evaluate their inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. HPLC-ESI/MS2 results showed that the active components in young leaves were proanthocyanidins with lower mean degrees of polymerisation (≤10). The IC50 of the aqueous extracts of young leaves were 2.50 ± 0.03 and 12.91 ± 0.29 µg/mL, against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which make them less active compared to the mature leaves. In contrast, total proanthocyanidins in aqueous extracts decreased as the leaves matured, indicating that the compounds in the mature leaves have much higher activity. However, there was no significant difference in the digestibility of wheat noodles incorporated with the aqueous extracts from either young or mature leaves. Interestingly, with regard to rice noodles, their digestibility was mostly reduced by incorporating aqueous extracts of young leaves compared to using mature leaves.
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21
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Tsukuda S, Watashi K, Hojima T, Isogawa M, Iwamoto M, Omagari K, Suzuki R, Aizaki H, Kojima S, Sugiyama M, Saito A, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Sureau C, Wakita T. A new class of hepatitis B and D virus entry inhibitors, proanthocyanidin and its analogs, that directly act on the viral large surface proteins. Hepatology 2017; 65:1104-1116. [PMID: 27863453 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Introduction of direct-acting antivirals against hepatitis C virus (HCV) has provided a revolutionary improvement in the treatment outcome. In contrast to HCV, however, the strategy for developing new antiviral agents against hepatitis B virus (HBV), especially viral-targeting compounds, is limited because HBV requires only four viral genes for its efficient replication/infection. Here, we identify an oligomeric flavonoid, proanthocyanidin (PAC) and its analogs, which inhibit HBV entry into host cells by targeting the HBV large surface protein (LHBs). Through cell-based chemical screening, PAC was identified to inhibit HBV infection with little cytotoxic effect. PAC prevented the attachment of the preS1 region in the LHBs to its cellular receptor, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). PAC was shown to target HBV particles and impair their infectivity, whereas it did not affect the NTCP-mediated bile acid transport activity. Chemical biological techniques demonstrated that PAC directly interacted with the region essential for receptor binding in the preS1 region in the LHBs protein. Importantly, PAC had a pan-genotypic anti-HBV activity and was also effective against a clinically relevant nucleoside analog-resistant HBV isolate. We further showed that PAC augmented the ability of a nucleoside analog, tenofovir, to interrupt HBV spread over time in primary human hepatocytes by cotreatment. Moreover, derivative analysis could identify small molecules that demonstrated more-potent anti-HBV activity over PAC. CONCLUSION PAC and its analogs represent a new class of anti-HBV agents that directly target the preS1 region of the HBV large surface protein. These agents could contribute to the development of a potent, well-tolerated, and broadly active inhibitor of HBV infection. (Hepatology 2017;65:1104-1116).
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Affiliation(s)
- Senko Tsukuda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Micro-Signaling Regulation Technology Unit, RIKEN CLST, Wako, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Taichi Hojima
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicinal Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Iwamoto
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Katsumi Omagari
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicinal Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Aizaki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Micro-Signaling Regulation Technology Unit, RIKEN CLST, Wako, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Saito
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicinal Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Camille Sureau
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Chen WC, Tseng CK, Chen BH, Lin CK, Lee JC. Grape Seed Extract Attenuates Hepatitis C Virus Replication and Virus-Induced Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:490. [PMID: 28066241 PMCID: PMC5174132 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a causative factor leading to hepatocellular carcinoma due to chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. The aim of the study was first to explore the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) in HCV replication, and then to study mechanisms. The results indicated that a GSE treatment showed significant anti-HCV activity and suppressed HCV-elevated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. In contrast, exogenous COX-2 expression gradually attenuated antiviral effects of GSE, suggesting that GSE inhibited HCV replication by suppressing an aberrant COX-2 expression caused by HCV, which was correlated with the inactivation of IKK-regulated NF-κB and MAPK/ERK/JNK signaling pathways. In addition, GSE also attenuated HCV-induced inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Notably, a combined administration of GSE with interferon or other FDA-approved antiviral drugs revealed a synergistic anti-HCV effect. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the possibility of developing GSE as a dietary supplement to treat patients with a chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
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Serrano J, Casanova-Martí À, Blay M, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Defining Conditions for Optimal Inhibition of Food Intake in Rats by a Grape-Seed Derived Proanthocyanidin Extract. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100652. [PMID: 27775601 PMCID: PMC5084038 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake depends on homeostatic and non-homeostatic factors. In order to use grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPE) as food intake limiting agents, it is important to define the key characteristics of their bioactivity within this complex function. We treated rats with acute and chronic treatments of GSPE at different doses to identify the importance of eating patterns and GSPE dose and the mechanistic aspects of GSPE. GSPE-induced food intake inhibition must be reproduced under non-stressful conditions and with a stable and synchronized feeding pattern. A minimum dose of around 350 mg GSPE/kg body weight (BW) is needed. GSPE components act by activating the Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor because their effect is blocked by Exendin 9-39. GSPE in turn acts on the hypothalamic center of food intake control probably because of increased GLP-1 production in the intestine. To conclude, GSPE inhibits food intake through GLP-1 signaling, but it needs to be dosed under optimal conditions to exert this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Àngela Casanova-Martí
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Mayte Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Turki K, Charradi K, Boukhalfa H, Belhaj M, Limam F, Aouani E. Grape seed powder improves renal failure of chronic kidney disease patients. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:424-433. [PMID: 27822171 PMCID: PMC5083963 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a syndrome characterized by progressive and irreversible deterioration of renal function linked to slow destruction of renal parenchyma, eventually terminating in death when sufficient number of nephrons are damaged. Oxidative stress is commonly observed in CKD patients resulting from an imbalance between overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairment of defence mechanisms. Grape seed extract (GSE) is a polyphenolic mixture exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We conducted an interventional pilot study of supplementation with GSE capsules (GSE group, n = 23) or placebo (control group, n = 10) on CKD patients. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and after a six-month-long supplementation period to determine some renal function biomarkers, as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and haematological parameters. GSE improved glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and proteinuria, increased the anti-oxidant status as assessed by high plasma catalase and superoxide dismutase and also lowered lipoperoxidation and carbonylation. GSE ameliorated inflammation by decreasing CRP, triglyceridemia and counteracted anemia and thrombocytopenia. Supplementation with 2 g GSE/day for six months improved some kidney function parameters of CKD patients and this beneficial effect of GSE seems to be mediated at least partly by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Turki
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia; Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Charradi
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia; Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Habib Boukhalfa
- Hemodialysis Unit, Regional Hospital of Menzel Bourguiba, Tunisia
| | - Monia Belhaj
- Hemodialysis Unit, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Limam
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ezzedine Aouani
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia; Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
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25
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Oligonol, a lychee fruit-derived low-molecular form of polyphenol mixture, suppresses inflammatory cytokine production from human monocytes. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:512-5. [PMID: 27079270 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes produce high levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-α that are involved in autoimmunity, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular disease and obesity. Therapies targeting IL-6 and TNF-α have been utilized in treating chronic inflammatory diseases. Oligonol is a lychee fruit-derived low-molecular form of polyphenol mixture, typically catechin-type monomers and oligomers of proanthocyanidins, which are produced by an oligomerization process. Although previous studies reported anti-inflammatory properties of Oligonol, it is unknown whether and how Oligonol suppresses IL-6 and TNF-α production in human monocytes. The results of our study demonstrate that Oligonol (25μg/ml) decreases the production of IL-6 and TNF-α from human primary monocytes as measured by flow cytometry and ELISA. Such an anti-cytokine effect was likely mediated by the suppression of NF-κB activation without inducing cell death. Our findings raise the possibility of exploring the benefits of Oligonol in controlling inflammatory conditions, especially those associated with monocytes, in humans.
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26
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Park SK, Seong RK, Kim JA, Son SJ, Kim Y, Yokozawa T, Shin OS. Oligonol promotes anti-aging pathways via modulation of SIRT1-AMPK-Autophagy Pathway. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:3-10. [PMID: 26865910 PMCID: PMC4742308 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Oligonol, mainly found in lychee fruit, is an antioxidant polyphenolic compound which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The detailed mechanisms by which oligonol may act as an anti-aging molecule have not been determined. MATERIALS/METHODS In this study, we evaluated the ability of oligonol to modulate sirtuin (SIRT) expression in human lung epithelial (A549) cells. Oligonol was added to A549 cells and reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial superoxide formation, and p21 protein levels were measured. Signaling pathways activated upon oligonol treatment were also determined by western blotting. Furthermore, the anti-aging effect of oligonol was evaluated ex vivo in mouse splenocytes and in vivo in Caenorhabditis elegans. RESULTS Oligonol specifically induced the expression of SIRT1, whose activity is linked to gene expression, metabolic control, and healthy aging. In response to influenza virus infection of A549 cells, oligonol treatment significantly up-regulated SIRT1 expression and down-regulated viral hemagglutinin expression. Oligonol treatment also resulted in the activation of autophagy pathways and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, oligonol-treated spleen lymphocytes from old mice showed increased cell proliferation, and mRNA levels of SIRT1 in the lungs of old mice were significantly lower than those in the lungs of young mice. Additionally, in vivo lethality assay revealed that oligonol extended the lifespan of C. elegans infected with lethal Vibrio cholerae. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that oligonol may act as an anti-aging molecule by modulating SIRT1/autophagy/AMPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Rak-Kyun Seong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Son
- BK21 Plus Graduate Program, Department of Animal Science and Institute of Rare Earth for Biological Application , Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- BK21 Plus Graduate Program, Department of Animal Science and Institute of Rare Earth for Biological Application , Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Liu HW, Wei CC, Chang SJ. Low-molecular-weight polyphenols protect kidney damage through suppressing NF-κB and modulating mitochondrial biogenesis in diabetic db/db mice. Food Funct 2016; 7:1941-1949. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined the protective effects of oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit and green tea, on kidney damage in diabeticdb/dbmice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Life Sciences
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chun Wei
- Department of Life Sciences
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Sue-Joan Chang
- Department of Life Sciences
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
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Silva APPD, Gonçalves RS, Borges AFS, Bedran-Russo AK, Shinohara MS. Effectiveness of plant-derived proanthocyanidins on demineralization on enamel and dentin under artificial cariogenic challenge. J Appl Oral Sci 2015. [PMID: 26221925 PMCID: PMC4510665 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is considered a disease of high prevalence and a constant problem in public health. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are substances that have been the target of recent studies aiming to control or treat caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pereira da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Simões Gonçalves
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontic and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Sanches Borges
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontic and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Karina Bedran-Russo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mirela Sanae Shinohara
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Oligonol suppresses lipid accumulation and improves insulin resistance in a palmitate-induced in HepG2 hepatocytes as a cellular steatosis model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:185. [PMID: 26077338 PMCID: PMC4490649 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Oligonol is a low molecular weight form of polyphenol polymers derived from lychee fruits. Several studies suggest that Oligonol has an anti-obesity effect. Since obesity is tightly associated with insulin resistance, we investigated a possible remission effect of Oligonol on lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in human hepatic HepG2 cells. Methods HepG2 cells were treated with palmitate for 24 h to induce cellular hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. The cells were then treated with Oligonol at subtoxic concentrations and examined for lipid metabolism, cytokine production, and insulin signaling using quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Results Oligonol treatment reversed the palmitate-induced intracellular lipid accumulation, down regulated the expression of lipogenic genes, and up-regulated genes for fatty acid degradation. Oligonol restored insulin sensitivity, as was determined by the phosphorylation states of IRS-1. Oligonol also inhibited STAT3-SOCS3 signaling and increased AMPK phosphorylation in HepG2 cells. Conclusion Oligonol treatment improved palmitate-induced cellular steatosis and insulin resistance in HepG2 cells with concomitant reduction of inflammatory cytokines and decrease in STAT3-SOCS3 and AMPK-mTOR pathways. Oligonol may have beneficial effects in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in the liver.
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Therapeutic Effects of Oligonol, Acupuncture, and Quantum Light Therapy in Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:687196. [PMID: 26064171 PMCID: PMC4433713 DOI: 10.1155/2015/687196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to compare anti-inflammatory effects of oligonol, acupuncture, and quantum light therapy in rat models of estrogen-induced prostatitis. Adult male Wistar albino rats were grouped as follows: Group I, control (n = 10); Group II, chronic prostatitis (n = 10); Group III, oligonol (n = 10); Group IV, acupuncture (n = 10); Group V, quantum (n = 10); Group VI, oligonol plus quantum (n = 10); Group VII, acupuncture plus oligonol (n = 10); Group VIII, quantum plus acupuncture (n = 10); and Group IX, acupuncture plus quantum plus oligonol (n = 10). Chronic prostatitis (CP) was induced by the administration of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Oligonol was given for 6 weeks at a dose of 60 mg/day. Acupuncture needles were inserted at CV 3/4 and bilaterally B 32/35 points with 1-hour manual stimulation. Quantum therapy was administered in 5-minute sessions three times weekly for 6 weeks. Lateral lobes of prostates were dissected for histopathologic evaluation. Although all of the treatment modalities tested in this study showed anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of CP in male rats, a synergistic effect was observed for oligonol plus quantum light combination. Monotherapy with oligonol showed a superior anti-inflammatory efficacy as compared to quantum light and acupuncture monotherapies.
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Akdere H, Oztekin I, Arda E, Aktoz T, Turan FN, Burgazli KM. Analgesic effects of oligonol, acupuncture and quantum light therapy on chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e26006. [PMID: 26023344 PMCID: PMC4443389 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.17(4)2015.26006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis (CNBP) is a condition that frequently causes long-term pain and a significant decrease in the quality of life. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the analgesic effects of oligonol, acupuncture, quantum light therapy and their combinations on estrogen-induced CNBP in rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Edirne, Turkey, using a simple randomized allocation. A total of 90 adult male Wistar rats were randomized into 9 groups of 10 rats each: Group I, control; Group II, CNBP, Group III, oligonol only, Group IV, acupuncture only; Group V, quantum only; Group VI, oligonol + quantum; Group VII, acupuncture + oligonol; Group VIII, quantum + acupuncture; Group IX, acupuncture + quantum + oligonol. Oligonol treatment was given at a dose of 60 mg/day for 6 weeks. Conceptual vessels (CV) 3 and 4, and bilaterally urinary bladder (Bl) 32 and 34 points were targeted with 1-hour acupuncture stimulation. The quantum light therapy was applied in 5-minute sessions for 6 weeks (3-times/a week). For pain measurements, mechanical pressure was applied to a point 2 cm distal to the root of the tail to elicit pain and consequent parameters (peak force, latency time of response and total length of measurement) were assessed. Results: Analgesic effects were observed with all treatment regimens; however, the most prominent median analgesic effect was shown in the quantum light therapy in combination with acupuncture for estrogen-induced CNBP (PF1 = 663.9, PF2 = 403.4) (P = 0.012). Furthermore, we observed that monotherapy with quantum light showed a better analgesic efficacy as compared to oligonol and acupuncture monotherapies (PF1 = 1044.6, PF2 = 661.2) (P = 0.018, P = 0.008, P = 0.018; respectively). Conclusions: All treatment modalities showed a significant analgesic effect on CNBP in rats, being most prominent with the quantum light therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Akdere
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Oztekin
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Algology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
- Corresponding Author: Ilhan Oztekin, Departments of Anesthesiology and Algology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. Tel: +90-2842357641, Fax: +90-2842358096, E-mail:
| | - Ersan Arda
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Aktoz
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nesrin Turan
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Kamil Mehmet Burgazli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Angiology, Wuppertal Research and Medical Center, Wuppertal, Germany
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Lee J, Shin Y, Murota H. Oligonol supplementation modulates plasma volume and osmolality and sweating after heat load in humans. J Med Food 2015; 18:578-83. [PMID: 25602687 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonol is a low-molecular-weight polyphenol that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the effects of Oligonol supplementation on sweating response, plasma volume (PV), and osmolality (Osm) after heat load in human volunteers. We conducted a placebo-controlled crossover trial. Participants took a daily dose of 200 mg Oligonol or placebo for 1 week. After a 2-week washout period, the subjects were switched to the other study arm. As a heat load, half-body immersion into hot water (42°C±0.5°C for 30 min) was performed in an automated climate chamber. Tympanic and mean body temperature (Tty, mTb) and whole-body sweat loss volume (WBSLV) were measured. Changes in PV, Osm, and serum levels of aldosterone and sodium were analyzed. Oligonol intake attenuated increases in Tty, mTb, and WBSLV after heat load compared with the placebo (P<.01, P<.05, and P<.01, respectively). In addition, serum aldosterone was maintained at a relatively low degree and serum sodium was maintained at a relatively high degree with Oligonol compared to the placebo (P<.01 and P<.05, respectively). However, PV decreased and Osm increased significantly with Oligonol compared to the placebo (P<.05 and P<.05, respectively). This study demonstrates that Oligonol supplementation for 1 week can attenuate elevation of body temperature and excessive sweating under heat load in healthy humans, but interpretation of the results requires caution due to the potent diuretic effect of Oligonol.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeongBeom Lee
- 1 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, Korea
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Koyama T, Inada T, Kuwabara C, Arakawa K, Fujikawa S. Anti-ice nucleating activity of polyphenol compounds against silver iodide. Cryobiology 2014; 69:223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Inhibition of Adipogenesis by Oligonol through Akt-mTOR Inhibition in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:895272. [PMID: 25295069 PMCID: PMC4177819 DOI: 10.1155/2014/895272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols have recently become an important focus of study in obesity research. Oligonol is an oligomerized polyphenol, typically comprised of catechin-type polyphenols from a variety of fruits, which has been found to exhibit better bioavailability and bioreactivity than natural polyphenol compounds. Here, we demonstrated that Oligonol inhibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by reducing adipogenic gene expression. During adipogenesis, Oligonol downregulated the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins α (C/EBPα), and δ (C/EBPδ) in a dose-dependent manner and the expression of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. The antiadipogenic effect of Oligonol appears to originate from its ability to inhibit the Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by diminishing the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), a downstream target of mTOR and forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1). These results suggest that Oligonol may be a potent regulator of obesity by repressing major adipogenic genes through inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway, which induces the inhibition of lipid accumulation, ultimately inhibiting adipogenesis.
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Lee JB, Shin YO. Beneficial effect of Oligonol supplementation on sweating response under heat stress in humans. Food Funct 2014; 5:2516-20. [PMID: 25124490 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00521j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oligonol is a low-molecular weight polyphenol that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, nothing is known regarding the impact of Oligonol on sudomotor activity. This study investigated the effects of Oligonol supplementation on sudomotor activity during heat load in humans. Initially, we conducted a placebo-controlled, cross-over trial where participants took a daily dose of Oligonol 200 mg or placebo for one week. After a 2 week washout period, the subjects were switched to the other study arm. As a heat load, half-body immersion into hot water (42 ± 0.5 °C for 30 min) was performed in an automated climate chamber. Tympanic and skin temperatures were measured. Sudomotor activity, including onset time, sweat rate (SR) and volume (SV), active sweat gland density (ASGD), and sweat gland output (SGO), was tested in four or eight areas of skin. When compared with placebo, Oligonol attenuated increases in tympanic and skin temperatures after the heat load. There was an increasing trend in local sweat onset time, but there was a decrease in local SR, SV, ASGD, and SGO for Oligonol compared to placebo. The mean ASGD was significantly higher in the Oligonol group than in the placebo group for 10, 20, and 30 min. This study demonstrates that Oligonol appears to be worthy of consideration as a natural supplement to support more economical use of body fluids against heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Beom Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Park CH, Yokozawa T, Noh JS. Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, attenuates diabetes-induced renal damage through the advanced glycation end product-related pathway in db/db mice. J Nutr 2014; 144:1150-7. [PMID: 24919686 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.193961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine whether oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, has an ameliorative effect on diabetes-induced alterations, such as advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation or apoptosis in the kidneys of db/db mice with type 2 diabetes. Oligonol [10 or 20 mg/(kg body weight · d), orally] was administered every day for 8 wk to prediabetic db/db mice, and its effect was compared with vehicle-treated db/db and normal control mice (m/m). The administration of oligonol decreased the elevated renal glucose concentrations and reactive oxygen species in db/db mice (P < 0.05). The increased serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, which reflect renal dysfunction in db/db mice, were substantially lowered by oligonol. Oligonol reduced renal protein expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (p22 phagocytic oxidase and NAD(P)H oxidase-4), AGEs (except for pentosidine), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase B-targeting proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05). Oligonol improved the expressions of antiapoptotic [B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and survivin] and proapoptotic [Bcl-2-associated X protein, cytochrome c, and caspase-3] proteins in the kidneys of db/db mice (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results provide important evidence that oligonol exhibits a pleiotropic effect on AGE formation and apoptosis-related variables, representing renoprotective effects against the development of diabetic complications in db/db mice with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hum Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Suseong-gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Suseong-gu, Daegu, Korea Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Korea Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Nam-gu, Korea
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Lee JB, Shin YO. Oligonol supplementation affects leukocyte and immune cell counts after heat loading in humans. Nutrients 2014; 6:2466-77. [PMID: 24962480 PMCID: PMC4073162 DOI: 10.3390/nu6062466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonol is a low-molecular-weight form of polyphenol and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, making it a potential promoter of immunity. This study investigates the effects of oligonol supplementation on leukocyte and immune cell counts after heat loading in 19 healthy male volunteers. The participants took a daily dose of 200 mg oligonol or a placebo for 1 week. After a 2-week washout period, the subjects were switched to the other study arm. After each supplement, half-body immersion into hot water was made, and blood was collected. Then, complete and differential blood counts were performed. Flow cytometry was used to enumerate and phenotype lymphocyte subsets. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in blood samples were analyzed. Lymphocyte subpopulation variables included counts of total T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Oligonol intake attenuated elevations in IL-1β (an 11.1-fold change vs. a 13.9-fold change immediately after heating; a 12.0-fold change vs. a 12.6-fold change 1h after heating) and IL-6 (an 8.6-fold change vs. a 9.9-fold change immediately after heating; a 9.1-fold change vs. a 10.5-fold change 1h after heating) immediately and 1 h after heating in comparison to those in the placebo group. Oligonol supplementation led to significantly higher numbers of leukocytes (a 30.0% change vs. a 21.5% change immediately after heating; a 13.5% change vs. a 3.5% change 1h after heating) and lymphocytes (a 47.3% change vs. a 39.3% change immediately after heating; a 19.08% change vs. a 2.1% change 1h after heating) relative to those in the placebo group. Oligonol intake led to larger increases in T cells, B cells, and NK cells at rest (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.001, respectively) and immediately after heating (p < 0.001) in comparison to those in the placebo group. In addition, levels of T cells (p < 0.001) and B cells (p < 0.001) were significantly higher 1 h after heating in comparison to those in the placebo group. These results demonstrate that supplementation with oligonol for 1 week may enhance the immune function under heat and suggest a potential useful adjunct to chemotherapy in malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Beom Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan, 331-946, Korea.
| | - Young Oh Shin
- Department of Health Care, Global Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, 646, Eupnae-ri, Shinchang-myun, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-745, Korea.
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Choi YY, Maeda T, Fujii H, Yokozawa T, Kim HY, Cho EJ, Shibamoto T. Oligonol improves memory and cognition under an amyloid β(25-35)-induced Alzheimer's mouse model. Nutr Res 2014; 34:595-603. [PMID: 25150118 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an age-dependent progressive neurodegenerative disorder that results in impairments of memory and cognitive function. It is hypothesized that oligonol has ameliorative effects on memory impairment and reduced cognitive functions in mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by amyloid β(25-35) (Aβ(25-35)) injection. The protective effect of an oligonol against Aβ(25-35)-induced memory impairment was investigated in an in vivo Alzheimer's mouse model. The aggregation of Aβ25-35 was induced by incubation at 37°C for 3 days before injection into mice brains (5 nmol/mouse), and then oligonol was orally administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight for 2 weeks. Memory and cognition were observed in T-maze, object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. The group injected with Aβ(25-35) showed impairments in both recognition and memory. However, novel object recognition and new route awareness abilities were dose dependently improved by the oral administration of oligonol. In addition, the results of the Morris water maze test indicated that oligonol exerted protective activity against cognitive impairment induced by Aβ(25-35). Furthermore, nitric oxide formation and lipid peroxidation were significantly elevated by Aβ(25-35), whereas oligonol treatment significantly decreased nitric oxide formation and lipid peroxidation in the brain, liver, and kidneys. The present results suggest that oligonol improves Aβ(25-35)-induced memory deficit and cognition impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Food Science Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hajime Fujii
- Amino Up Chemical, Co, Ltd, Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| | - Takayuki Shibamoto
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Yamanishi R, Yoshigai E, Okuyama T, Mori M, Murase H, Machida T, Okumura T, Nishizawa M. The anti-inflammatory effects of flavanol-rich lychee fruit extract in rat hepatocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93818. [PMID: 24705335 PMCID: PMC3976307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavanol (flavan-3-ol)-rich lychee fruit extract (FRLFE) is a mixture of oligomerized polyphenols primarily derived from lychee fruit and is rich in flavanol monomers, dimers, and trimers. Supplementation with this functional food has been shown to suppress inflammation and tissue damage caused by high-intensity exercise training. However, it is unclear whether FRLFE has in vitro anti-inflammatory effects, such as suppressing the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and the proinflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO), which is synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Here, we analyzed the effects of FRLFE and its constituents on the expression of inflammatory genes in interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-treated rat hepatocytes. FRLFE decreased the mRNA and protein expression of the iNOS gene, leading to the suppression of IL-1β-induced NO production. FRLFE also decreased the levels of the iNOS antisense transcript, which stabilizes iNOS mRNA. By contrast, unprocessed lychee fruit extract, which is rich in flavanol polymers, and flavanol monomers had little effect on NO production. When a construct harboring the iNOS promoter fused to the firefly luciferase gene was used, FRLFE decreased the luciferase activity in the presence of IL-1β, suggesting that FRLFE suppresses the promoter activity of the iNOS gene at the transcriptional level. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that FRLFE reduced the nuclear transport of a key regulator, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, FRLFE inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB inhibitor α (IκB-α). FRLFE also reduced the mRNA levels of NF-κB target genes encoding cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α. Therefore, FRLFE inhibited NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation to suppress the expression of these inflammatory genes. Our results suggest that flavanols may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of FRLFE and may be used to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yamanishi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Emi Yoshigai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okuyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Mori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Murase
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Toru Machida
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Okumura
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikio Nishizawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Tang CF, Fang M, Liu RR, Dou Q, Chai ZG, Xiao YH, Chen JH. The role of grape seed extract in the remineralization of demineralized dentine: Micromorphological and physical analyses. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1769-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shin YO, Lee JB, Song YJ, Min YK, Yang HM. Oligonol supplementation attenuates body temperature and the circulating levels of prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 after heat stress in humans. J Med Food 2013; 16:318-23. [PMID: 23566058 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonol, a phenolic production from lychee, has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the effect of Oligonol supplementation on circulating levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, as well as body temperature, after heat stress in 17 healthy human male volunteers (age, 21.6±2.1 years). All experiments were performed in an automated climate chamber (26.0°C±0.5°C, relative humidity 60%±3.0%, air velocity less than 1 m/sec) between 2 and 5 p.m. Subjects ingested an Oligonol (100 mg)-containing beverage or placebo beverage before half-body immersion into hot water (42°C±0.5°C for 30 min). Tympanic and skin temperatures were measured and mean body temperatures were calculated. Serum concentrations of PGE2 and COX-2 were analyzed before, immediately after, and 60 min after immersion. Oligonol intake significantly prevented elevation of tympanic (temperature difference: 0.17°C at Post, P<.05; 0.17°C at Re-60, P<.05) and mean body temperatures (temperature difference: 0.18°C at Post, P<.05; 0.15°C at Re-60, P<.05), and lowered concentrations of serum PGE2 (increased by 13.3% vs. 29.6% at Post, P<.05) and COX-2 (increased by 15.6% vs. 21.8% at Post, P<.05), compared to placebo beverage. Our result suggests that Oligonol has the potential to suppress increases in body temperature under heat stress, and this is associated with decreases in serum levels of PGE2 and COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Oh Shin
- Department of Healthcare, Global Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
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Yum HW, Zhong X, Park J, Na HK, Kim N, Lee HS, Surh YJ. Oligonol inhibits dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and colonic adenoma formation in mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:102-14. [PMID: 23394584 PMCID: PMC3689162 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effects of oligonol administration on experimentally induced colitis and colonic adenoma formation. RESULTS Oral administration of oligonol protected against mouse colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Under the same experimental conditions, oligonol administration significantly inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclin D1 in the mouse colon. Further, oligonol inhibited azoxymethane-initiated and DSS-promoted adenoma formation in the mouse colon. Oligonol administration also attenuated lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and protein oxidation (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal), thereby preventing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that oligonol treatment reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, il-6, cox-2, and inos in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In another study, oligonol upregulated the antioxidant gene expression in the intestinal epithelial CCD841CoN cells and in the mouse colon. INNOVATION Oligonol, an innovative formulation of catechin-type oligomers derived from the lychee fruit extract, was tested in this study for the first time to evaluate its effects on experimentally induced colitis and colonic adenoma formation in mice. CONCLUSION Oligonol is effective in protecting against DSS-induced mouse colitis and colon carcinogenesis, suggesting that this polyphenol formulation may have a potential for the amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Yum
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Oligomerised lychee fruit-derived polyphenol attenuates cognitive impairment in senescence-accelerated mice and endoplasmic reticulum stress in neuronal cells. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1549-58. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451300086x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the ability of polyphenols to reduce the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted a great deal of interest. In the present study, we investigated the attenuating effects of oligomerised lychee fruit-derived polyphenol (OLFP, also called Oligonol) on early cognitive impairment. Male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice (4 months old) were given OLFP (100 mg/kg per d) for 2 months, and then conditioned fear memory testing was conducted. Contextual fear memory, which is considered hippocampus-dependent memory, was significantly impaired in SAMP8 mice compared with non-senescence-accelerated mice. OLFP attenuated cognitive impairment in SAMP8 mice. Moreover, the results of real-time PCR analysis that followed DNA array analysis in the hippocampus revealed that, compared with SAMP8 mice, the mRNA expression of Wolfram syndrome 1 (Wfs1) was significantly higher in SAMP8 mice administered with OLFP. Wfs1 reportedly helps to protect against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is thought to be one of the causes for AD. The expression of Wfs1 was significantly up-regulated in NG108-15 neuronal cells by the treatment with OLFP, and the up-regulation was inhibited by the treatment of the cells with a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-specific inhibitor rather than with an extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor. Moreover, OLFP significantly attenuated the tunicamycin-induced expression of the ER stress marker BiP (immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein) in the cells. These results suggest that OLFP has an attenuating effect on early cognitive impairment in SAMP8 mice, and diminishes ER stress in neuronal cells.
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An innovative approach to the safety evaluation of natural products: Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) leaf aqueous extract as a case study. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3150-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Thirunavukkarasu M, Zhan L, Wakame K, Fujii H, Moriyama H, Bagchi M. Safety of oligonol, a highly bioavailable lychee-derived polyphenolic antioxidant, on liver, kidney and heart function in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:555-9. [PMID: 22694591 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.702795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oligonol (OLG), derived from lychee fruit, is a novel compound produced from the oligomerization of polyphenols. In this study, the acute effect of OLG treatment was investigated on heart, liver and kidney in rats. OLG treatment at two different doses (15 or 30 mg/kg body weight) and two different time points (1 day or 7 days of treatment) demonstrated that no toxic effects were observed on heart, liver and renal functions. Moreover, OLG did not induce any DNA damage or oxidative stress as measured by 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in plasma. OLG supplementation increased the phosphorylation of myocardial endothelial nitric oxide (NO) level (p-eNOS) in both the treatment groups. Even the low dose OLG treatment (15mg/kg b.w) demonstrated an increase in p-eNOS/eNOS ratio after normalization of p-eNOS values with eNOS on day 1 (1.5-fold) and day 7 (2.2-fold) groups as compared to control. The above results suggest that OLG treatment increases endothelial NO levels and may play a role in NO-mediated vasodilatory effects without adverse side effects on cardiovascular function. This endothelial NO production may underlie the beneficial effect of OLG in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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Lina BAR, Reus AA, Hasselwander O, Bui Q, Tenning PP. Safety evaluation of Evesse EPC, an apple polyphenol extract rich in flavan-3-ols. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2845-53. [PMID: 22609490 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The safety of the apple polyphenol extract EvesseEPC, which is rich in flavan-3-ols, particularly epicatechin, was evaluated. Both in a bacterial reverse mutation test and a mouse lymphoma assay, EvesseEPC showed a positive response in vitro. In vivo studies (UDS test in hepatocytes, bone marrow micronucleus test and comet assay in intestinal cells) were all negative and hence Evesse EPC is considered not to have genotoxic properties in vivo. In a 90-day study in rats, EvesseEPC was administered at dietary levels of 0%, 1.25%, 2% and 3.25%. Body weights were decreased in the high-dose group in both sexes without effects on feed or water intake. In the high-dose group, thrombocytes (males) and creatinine (both sexes) were decreased, prothrombin time (males) was increased, and liver, kidneys and spleen weights were increased (males), without histological correlates. Diffuse acinar cell hypertrophy, observed in the parotid salivary glands in all treatment groups, was not considered as adverse and presumably reflected a local, reversible and adaptive response to direct contact with EvesseEPC. The NOAEL for EvesseEPC in rats was 2% in the diet, equivalent to an overall average intake of 1.3 and 1.5 g/kg body weight/day for males and females, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A R Lina
- TNO Triskelion bv, PO Box 844, 3700 AV Zeist, The Netherlands.
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Fukuda I, Tsutsui M, Yoshida T, Toda T, Tsuda T, Ashida H. Oral toxicological studies of black soybean (Glycine max) hull extract: acute studies in rats and mice, and chronic studies in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:3272-8. [PMID: 21983483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Black soybean (Glycine max) has been used for traditional medicine and food in Asian countries, but safety of its hull has not been studied. We conducted acute and chronic oral toxicity studies. For the acute study, an extract of black soybean hull (BE; 2.5 g/kg body weight) was administered singly by intragastric intubation to Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice. There was no death or significant decrease in body weight in rats and mice, and the oral LD(50) of BE was >2.5 g/kg body weight. In the chronic study, BE was administered at dietary levels of 0% (control), 2.0%, and 5.0% to male and female C57BL/6 mice for 26 weeks. No mortality or toxicologically significant clinical changes were observed through the experimental period. Although body weights, as well as abdominal fat, blood levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in 5.0% males were significantly lower than that in control and 2.0% groups, these changes were considered not to be adverse. Hematology and histopathological observation revealed no toxicologically significant changes. The no-observed adverse-effect-level of BE was estimated to be 5.0% in the diet (5074.1 mg/kg body weight/day for males and 7617.9 mg/kg body weight/day for females).
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuko Fukuda
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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Ouédraogo M, Charles C, Ouédraogo M, Guissou IP, Stévigny C, Duez P. An Overview of Cancer Chemopreventive Potential and Safety of Proanthocyanidins. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:1163-73. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.607549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Liu R, Fang M, Xiao Y, Li F, Yu L, Zhao S, Shen L, Chen J. The effect of transient proanthocyanidins preconditioning on the cross-linking and mechanical properties of demineralized dentin. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:2403-2411. [PMID: 21979164 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidin-based preconditioners were prepared by adding powdered proanthocyanidins-rich grape seed extract to various solvents at different concentrations. Demineralized dentin specimens were preconditioned for 20, 30, 60 or 120 s, followed by the evaluation of their cross-linking degree, mechanical properties and micromorphology. The cross-linking degree of the demineralized dentin collagen exhibited concentration- and time- dependent increase after preconditioning treatment, irrespective of the preconditioner and the solvent. When treated for the same exposure time, specimens after 15% proanthocyanidins preconditioning resulted in the highest mean ultimate tensile strength compared with all the other groups tested. Five percent glutaraldehyde control group produced the highest cross-linking degree, but the ultimate tensile strength was lower than that of 15% proanthocyanidins group. The field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the demineralized dentin collagen was in a homogeneous and regular arrangement after preconditioning and maintained expanding, regardless of the surface moisture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, #145 Changle Xi Road, 710032 Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Ahn SH, Kim HJ, Jeong I, Hong YJ, Kim MJ, Rhie DJ, Jo YH, Hahn SJ, Yoon SH. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits glutamate-induced cell death through inhibition of calcium signals and nitric oxide formation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:78. [PMID: 21810275 PMCID: PMC3160962 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proanthocyanidin is a polyphenolic bioflavonoid with known antioxidant activity. Some flavonoids have a modulatory effect on [Ca2+]i. Although proanthocyanidin extract from blueberries reportedly affects Ca2+ buffering capacity, there are no reports on the effects of proanthocyanidin on glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i or cell death. In the present study, the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on glutamate-induced excitotoxicity was investigated through calcium signals and nitric oxide (NO) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Results Pretreatment with GSPE (0.3-10 μg/ml) for 5 min inhibited the [Ca2+]i increase normally induced by treatment with glutamate (100 μM) for 1 min, in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with GSPE (6 μg/ml) for 5 min significantly decreased the [Ca2+]i increase normally induced by two ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists, N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA). GSPE further decreased AMPA-induced response in the presence of 1 μM nimodipine. However, GSPE did not affect the 50 mM K+-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. GSPE significantly decreased the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (RS)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, but it did not affect caffeine-induced response. GSPE (0.3-6 μg/ml) significantly inhibited synaptically induced [Ca2+]i spikes by 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o. In addition, pretreatment with GSPE (6 μg/ml) for 5 min inhibited 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o- and glutamate-induced formation of NO. Treatment with GSPE (6 μg/ml) significantly inhibited 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o- and oxygen glucose deprivation-induced neuronal cell death. Conclusions All these data suggest that GSPE inhibits 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o- and oxygen glucose deprivation-induced neurotoxicity through inhibition of calcium signals and NO formation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hee Ahn
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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