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Wei F, Cheng F, Li H, You J. Imidacloprid affects human cells through mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175422. [PMID: 39128528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Given their relatively low persistence and mammalian toxicity, neonicotinoid pesticides have been extensively used worldwide and are omnipresent in the environment. Recent studies have shown that neonicotinoids may pose adverse effects on non-target organisms other than the known neurotoxicity, raising emerging concerns that these insecticides might pose human health risk through additional toxicity pathways. In the present study, the mitochondria function, oxidative stress, DNA damages, and genes transcription levels were examined in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells after 48-h exposure to imidacloprid at concentrations from 0.05 to 200 μmol/L. Results showed that imidacloprid induced mitochondrial dysfunction with the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels. In addition, imidacloprid caused oxidative stress by stimulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the disruption of calcium ion level and mitochondrial function. Ultimately, the oxidative stress continued to produce DNA damage and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells at imidacloprid concentrations above 47.6 μmol/L. Among the evaluated endpoints, ATP was the most sensitive, with a median activity concentration of 0.74 μmol/L. The 5 % hazard concentration of imidacloprid was estimated to be 0.69 μmol/L, which can be used as a threshold for human health risk assessment for imidacloprid. Collectively, our results provide an important support for further research on potential toxicity of neonicotinoids related to mitochondrial toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wei
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Soonwera M, Moungthipmalai T, Puwanard C, Sittichok S, Sinthusiri J, Passara H. Adulticidal synergy of two plant essential oils and their major constituents against the housefly Musca domestica and bioassay on non-target species. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26910. [PMID: 38463861 PMCID: PMC10920383 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Single and mixture formulations of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.) and star anise (Illicium verum (J. Presl.)) essential oils (EOs) and their major constituents were assayed for their adulticidal activities against housefly, Musca domestica L., and two non-target species, stingless bee (Tetragonula pegdeni Schwarz) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata Peters). The efficacies of the mixture formulations were compared against those of the single formulations and 1.0% α-cypermethrin, a common synthetic insecticide. GC-MS analysis found that the major constituent of lemongrass EO was geranial (45.23%), and that of star anise EO was trans-anethole (93.23%). Almost all mixture formulations were more effective in adulticidal activity against housefly adults than single formulations and 1.0% α-cypermethrin. A mixture of 1.0% lemongrass EO + 1.0% trans-anethole exhibited the strongest synergistic insecticidal activity with a 100% mortality rate (KT50 of 3.2 min and LT50 of 0.07 h). The relative percentage increase in mortality rate over single formulations was between 1.6 and 91.9%. In addition, it was three times more effective than 1.0% α-cypermethrin. To find the mechanism of adulticidal action, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done to find morphological aberrations, such as antennal and mouthpart aberrations, after the houseflies were treated with 1.0% lemongrass EO + 1.0% trans-anethole. The aberrations included deformed and abnormal shape of arista and flagellum, change in labellum pigmentation, and damage to pseudotracheae. Regarding toxicity against non-target species, all single and mixture formulations were not toxic to the two non-target species, while 1.0% α-cypermethrin was highly toxic. To conclude, a mixture of 1.0% lemongrass EO + 1.0% trans-anethole can be an excellent, natural, sustainable housefly adulticidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayura Soonwera
- Department of Plant Production Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Tanapoom Moungthipmalai
- Department of Plant Production Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Cheepchanok Puwanard
- Department of Plant Production Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Sirawut Sittichok
- Department of Plant Production Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Jirisuda Sinthusiri
- Community Public Health Program, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Hataichanok Passara
- Department of Plant Production Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
- Office of Administrative Interdisciplinary Program on Agricultural Technology (OAIPAT), School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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Arsuffi-Marcon R, Souza LG, Santos-Miranda A, Joviano-Santos JV. Neurotoxicity of Pyrethroids in neurodegenerative diseases: From animals' models to humans' studies. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110911. [PMID: 38367681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with diverse symptoms, both motor and mental. Genetic and environmental factors can trigger neurodegenerative diseases. Chemicals as pesticides are constantly used in agriculture and also domestically. In this regard, pyrethroids (PY), are a class of insecticides in which its main mechanism of action is through disruption of voltage-dependent sodium channels function in insects. However, in mammals, they can also induce oxidative stress and enzyme dysfunction. This review investigates the association between PY and neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Autism in animal models and humans. Published works using specific and non-specific models for these diseases were selected. We showed a tendency toward the development and/or aggravating of these neurodegenerative diseases following exposure to PYs. In animal models, the biochemical mechanisms of the diseases and their interaction with the insecticides are more deeply investigated. Nonetheless, only a few studies considered the specific model for each type of disease to analyze the impacts of the exposure. The choice of a specific model during the research is an important step and our review highlights the knowledge gaps of PYs effects using these models reinforcing the importance of them during the design of the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Arsuffi-Marcon
- Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Gomes Souza
- Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julliane V Joviano-Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigações NeuroCardíacas, Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (LINC CMMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Czajka M, Sawicki K, Matysiak-Kucharek M, Kruszewski M, Kurzepa J, Wojtyła-Buciora P, Kapka-Skrzypczak L. Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Alters Proliferation, Differentiation and Fatty Acid Uptake in 3T3-L1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16038. [PMID: 38003228 PMCID: PMC10671786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are important factors in the etiology of many diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a representative of OPs, chlorpyrifos (CPF), on viability, proliferation, differentiation, and fatty acid uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. The effect of CPF exposure on preadipocyte proliferation was examined by the MTT, NR, and BrdU assays. The impact of CPF exposure on the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes was evaluated by Oil Red O staining and RT-qPCR. The effect of CPF on free fatty acid uptake in adipocytes was assessed with the fluorescent dye BODIPY. Our experiments demonstrated that exposure to CPF decreased the viability of 3T3-L1 cells; however, it was increased when the cells were exposed to low concentrations of the pesticide. Exposure to CPF inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. CPF exposure resulted in decreased lipid accumulation, accompanied by down-regulation of the two key transcription factors in adipogenesis: C/EBPα and PPARγ. Exposure to CPF increased basal free fatty acid uptake in fully differentiated adipocytes but decreased this uptake when CPF was added during the differentiation process. Increased free fatty acid accumulation in fully differentiated adipocytes may suggest that CPF leads to adipocyte hypertrophy, one of the mechanisms leading to obesity, particularly in adults. It can therefore be concluded that CPF may disturb the activity of preadipocytes and adipocytes, although the role of this pesticide in the development of obesity requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czajka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sawicki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Kurzepa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- World Institute for Family Health, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
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Horak I, Horn S, Pieters R. The benefit of using in vitro bioassays to screen agricultural samples for oxidative stress: South Africa's case. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2023; 58:689-710. [PMID: 37814453 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2264739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Applied pesticides end up in non-target environments as complex mixtures. When bioavailable, these chemicals pose a threat to living organisms and can induce oxidative stress (OS). In this article, attention is paid to OS and the physiological role of the antioxidant defense system. South African and international literature was reviewed to provide extensive evidence of pesticide-induced OS in non-target organisms, in vivo and in vitro. Although in vitro approaches are used internationally, South African studies have only used in vivo methods. Considering ethical implications, the authors support the use of in vitro bioassays to screen environmental matrices for their OS potential. Since OS responses are initiated and measurable at lower cellular concentrations compared to other toxicity endpoints, in vitro OS bioassays could be used as an early warning sign for the presence of chemical mixtures in non-target environments. Areas of concern in the country could be identified and prioritized without using animal models. The authors conclude that it will be worthwhile for South Africa to include in vitro OS bioassays as part of a battery of tests to screen environmental matrices for biological effects. This will facilitate the development and implementation of biomonitoring programs to safeguard the South African environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilzé Horak
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Suranie Horn
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Rialet Pieters
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Huang M, Zou M, Mao S, Xu W, Hong Y, Wang H, Gui F, Yang L, Lian F, Chen R. 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol confirms ototoxicity in mouse cochlear organotypic cultures and induces cytotoxicity in HEI-OC1 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 475:116612. [PMID: 37463651 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The metabolite of organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), is persistent and mobile toxic substance in soil and water environments, exhibiting cytotoxic, genotoxic, and neurotoxic properties. However, little is known about its effects on the peripheral auditory system. Herein, we investigated the effects of TCP exposure on mouse postnatal day 3 (P3) cochlear culture and an auditory cell line HEI-OC1 to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ototoxicity. The damage of TCP to outer hair cells (OHC) and support cells (SC) was observed in a dose and time-dependent manner. OHC and SC were a significant loss from basal to apical turn of the cochlea under exposure over 800 μM TCP for 96 h. As TCP concentrations increased, cell viability was reduced whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptotic cells, and the extent of DNA damage were increased, accordingly. TCP-induced phosphorylation of the p38 and JNK MAPK are the downstream effectors of ROS. The antioxidant agent, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), could reverse TCP-mediated intracellular ROS generation, inhibit the expressive level of cleaved-caspase 3 and block phosphorylation of p38/JNK. Overall, this is the first demonstration of TCP damaging to peripheral sensory HCs and SC in organotypic cultures from the postnatal cochlea. Data also showed that TCP exposure induced oxidase stress, cell apoptosis and DNA damage in the HEI-OC1 cells. These findings serve as an important reference for assessing the risk of TCP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Huang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Mingshan Zou
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mao
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yu Hong
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Fei Gui
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Fuzhi Lian
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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Abdelhafez HEDH, Hammam FM, EL-Dahshan AA, AboDalam H, Guo J. Imidacloprid Induces Neurotoxicity in Albino Male Rats by Inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase Activity, Altering Antioxidant Status, and Primary DNA Damage. J Toxicol 2023; 2023:4267469. [PMID: 37727350 PMCID: PMC10506876 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4267469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is a neonicotinoid insecticide used worldwide, either alone or in combination with other pesticides. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of IMI on the central nervous system of rats and its mechanism of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by oxidant/antioxidant parameters. Fifteen male rats, divided into three groups, were used: the first group received 5 ml/kg body weight corn oil as a control, the second received a high oral dose of IMI (45 mg/kg body weight), while the third received a low dose (22 mg/kg body weight). After 28 days, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress markers, histopathological alterations, and DNA damage were examined in the brains of these rats. The AChE activities decreased significantly after IMI exposure, reaching 2.45 and 2.75 nmol/min/mg protein in high dose and low dose, respectively, compared to the control group (3.75 nmol/g tissues), while the concentration of malondialdehyde MDA increased significantly (29.28 and 23.92 nmol/g tissues) vs. the control group (19.28 nmol/g tissues). The antioxidant status parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH) content was 13.77 and 17.63 nmol/g, catalase (CAT) activity was 22.56 and 26.65 µmol/min/g, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was 6.66 and 7.23 µmol/min/g in both doses against the control group (21.37 nmol/g, 30.67 µmol/min/g, 11.76 µmol/min/g), respectively, and histopathological changes in the brain tissues were observed. More in vivo research using epigenetic methods is needed to determine the ability of IMI and its metabolites to cause neurotoxicity and DNA lesions in mammalian brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam El Din H. Abdelhafez
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box. 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma M. Hammam
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box. 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A. EL-Dahshan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussien AboDalam
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jiangfeng Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
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Bhende RS, Dafale NA. Insights into the ubiquity, persistence and microbial intervention of imidacloprid. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:215. [PMID: 37129684 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid pesticide, is employed to increase crop productivity. Meanwhile, its indiscriminate application severely affects the non-target organisms and the environment. As an eco-friendly and economically workable option, the microbial intervention has garnered much attention. This review concisely outlines the toxicity, long-term environmental repercussions, degradation kinetics, biochemical pathways, and interplay of genes implicated in imidacloprid remediation. The studies have highlighted imidacloprid residue persistence in the environment for up to 3000 days. In view of high persistence, effective intervention is highly required. Bacteria-mediated degradation has been established as a viable approach with Bacillus spp. being among the most efficient at 30 ℃ and pH 7. Further, a comparative metagenomic investigation reveals dominant neonicotinoid degradation genes in agriculture compared to forest soils with distinctive microbial communities. Functional metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and lipids demonstrated a significantly superior relative abundance in forest soil, implying its quality and fertility. The CPM, CYP4C71v2, CYP4C72, and CYP6AY3v2 genes that synthesize cyt p450 monooxygenase enzyme play a leading role in imidacloprid degradation. In the future, a systems biology approach incorporating integrated kinetics should be utilized to come up with innovative strategies for moderating the adverse effects of imidacloprid on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Bhende
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 4400 20, India
| | - Nishant A Dafale
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 4400 20, India.
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Gautam P, Pandey AK, Gupta A, Dubey SK. Microcosm-omics centric investigation reveals elevated bacterial degradation of imidacloprid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121402. [PMID: 36889658 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid, a broad-spectrum insecticide, is widely used against aphids and other sucking insects. As a result, its toxic effect is becoming apparent in non-targeted organisms. In-situ bioremediation of residual insecticide from the environment utilizing efficient microbes would be helpful in reducing its load. In the present work, in-depth genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, and metabolomics analyses were employed to reveal the potential of Sphingobacterium sp. InxBP1 for in-situ degradation of imidacloprid. The microcosm study revealed ∼79% degradation with first-order kinetics (k = 0.0726 day-1). Genes capable of mediating oxidative degradation of imidacloprid and subsequent decarboxylation of intermediates were identified in the bacterial genome. Proteome analysis demonstrated significant overexpression of the enzymes coded by these genes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed significant affinity and binding of the identified enzymes for their respective substrates (the degradation pathway intermediates). The nitronate monooxygenase (K7A41 01745), amidohydrolase (K7A41 03835 and K7A41 07535), FAD-dependent monooxygenase (K7A41 12,275), and ABC transporter enzymes (K7A41 05325, and K7A41 05605) were found to be effective in facilitating the transport and intracellular degradation of imidacloprid. The metabolomic study identified the pathway intermediates and validated the proposed mechanism and functional role of the identified enzymes in degradation. Thus, the present investigation provides an efficient imidacloprid degrading bacterial species as evidenced by its genetic attributes which can be utilized or further improved to develop technologies for in-situ remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Gautam
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Ankush Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Yang C, Liang J. Associations between neonicotinoids metabolites and hematologic parameters among US adults in NHANES 2015-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:26327-26337. [PMID: 36367654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hematologic parameters are important indicators for monitoring the physiological changes and human health. Neonicotinoids (NEOs) exhibit toxic effects and can affect hematologic parameters. However, the effects of exposure to NEOs metabolites on hematologic parameters in the general population remain unknown. We examined the relationship between NEOs metabolites and hematologic parameters using a cross-sectional study design in 1397 adults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016. The levels of NEOs metabolites in urine and hematologic makers were measured. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to examine the relationship between exposure to NEOs metabolites and hematologic parameters. Detectable urine levels of clothianidin (CLO) was inversely associated with hematocrit (β = - 0.689; 95% CI: - 1.335, - 0.042). Detectability of 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid (HIMI) was inversely correlated with basophil percentage (β = - 0.093; 95% CI: - 0.180, - 0.007). N-Desmethyl-acetamiprid (NDE) was related to reduced white blood cells (WBC) (β = - 0.419; 95% CI: - 0.764, - 0.074) and neutrophil counts (β = - 0.349; 95% CI: - 0.623, - 0.074). Imidacloprid-equivalent total neonicotinoids (IMIeq) was negatively related to red blood cells (RBC) (β = - 0.058; 95% CI: - 0.097, - 0.020), hemoglobin (β = - 0.149; 95% CI: - 0.282, - 0.015), and hematocrit (β = - 0.484; 95% CI: - 0.855, - 0.113). We also observed that exposure to NEOs metabolites was sex specifically related to hematologic alterations. For example, IMIeq was associated with reduced basophil counts (β = - 0.016; 95% CI: - 0.028, - 0.003), basophil percentage (β = - 0.092; 95% CI: - 0.169, - 0.016), RBC (β = - 0.097; 95% CI: - 0.156, - 0.038), hemoglobin (β = - 0.200; 95% CI: - 0.355, - 0.045), and hematocrit (β = - 0.605; 95% CI: - 1.111, - 0.098) only in males. These results provide the first evidence that exposure to NEOs metabolites can disturb hematologic homeostasis in the general population, and the effects may be sex specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Yang
- The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
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Köktürk M. In vivo toxicity assessment of Remazol Gelb-GR (RG-GR) textile dye in zebrafish embryos/larvae (Danio rerio): Teratogenic effects, biochemical changes, immunohistochemical changes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158473. [PMID: 36063928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dyes, which are very important for various industries, have very adverse effects on the aquatic environment and aquatic life. However, there are limited studies on the toxic properties of dyes on living things. This research elucidated the sublethal toxicity of acute exposure of the textile dye remazol gelb-GR (RG-GR) using zebrafish embryos and larvae for 96 h. The 96 h-LC50 for RG-GR in zebrafish embryos/larvae was determined to be 151.92 mg/L. Sublethal 96 hpf exposure was performed in RG-GR concentrations (0.5; 1.0; 10.0; 100.0 mg/L) to determine the development of toxicity in zebrafish embryos/larvae. RG-GR dye affected morphological development, and decreased heart rate, hatching, blood flow, and survival rates in zebrafish embryos/larvae. The immunopositivity of 8-hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in larvae exposed to RG-GR at high concentrations was found to be intense. Depending on the RG-GR dose increase, some biochemical parameters such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, catalase (CAT) activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf-2) levels were detected to be decreased in larvae, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content, nuclear factor kappa (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), DNA damage (8-OHdG level), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and apoptosis (Caspase-3) levels were found to be increased. The experimental results revealed that RG-GR dye has high acute toxicity on zebrafish embryo/larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Köktürk
- Department of Organic Agriculture Management, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Igdir University, TR-76000, Igdir, Turkey; Research Laboratory Application and Research Center (ALUM), Igdir University, TR-76000 Igdir, Turkey.
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12
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Correlation between in vitro toxicity of pesticides and in vivo risk guidelines in support of complex operating site risk management: A meta-analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Zou M, Huang M, Zhang J, Chen R. Exploring the effects and mechanisms of organophosphorus pesticide exposure and hearing loss. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1001760. [PMID: 36438228 PMCID: PMC9692084 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many environmental factors, such as noise, chemicals, and heavy metals, are mostly produced by human activities and easily induce acquired hearing loss. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) constitute a large variety of chemicals and have high usage with potentiate damage to human health. Moreover, their metabolites also show a serious potential contamination of soil, water, and air, leading to a serious impact on people's health. Hearing loss affects 430 million people (5.5% of the global population), bringing a heavy burden to individual patients and their families and society. However, the potential risk of hearing damage by OPs has not been taken seriously. In this study, we summarized the effects of OPs on hearing loss from epidemiological population studies and animal experiments. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of OP-induced hearing loss are elucidated from oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammatory response. Overall, this review provides an overview of OP exposure alone or with noise that leads to hearing loss in human and experimental animals.
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14
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The effect of low doses of chlorpyrifos on blood and bone marrow cells in Wistar rats. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:223-232. [PMID: 36226822 PMCID: PMC9837532 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic potential of low doses of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on blood and bone marrow cells in adult male Wistar rats. CPF was administered by oral gavage at daily doses of 0.010, 0.015, and 0.160 mg/kg of body weight (bw) for 28 consecutive days. Positive control (PC) was administered 300 mg/kg bw/day of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) for the final three days of the experiment. Toxic outcomes of exposure were determined with the in vivo micronucleus (MN) assay and alkaline comet assay. The 28-day exposure to the 0.015 mg/kg CPF dose, which was three times higher than the current value of acute reference dose (ARfD), reduced body weight gain in rats the most. The in vivo MN assay showed significant differences in number of reticulocytes per 1000 erythrocytes between PC and negative control (NC) and between all control groups and the groups exposed to 0.015 and 0.160 mg/kg bw/day of CPF. The number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes per 2000 erythrocytes was significantly higher in the PC than the NC group or group exposed to 0.015 mg/kg bw/day of CPF. CPF treatment did not significantly increase primary DNA damage in bone marrow cells compared to the NC group. However, the damage in bone marrow cells of CPF-exposed rats was much higher than the one recorded in leukocytes, established in the previous research. Both assays proved to be successful for the assessment of CPFinduced genome instability in Wistar rats. However, the exact mechanisms of damage have to be further investigated and confirmed by other, more sensitive methods.
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15
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Li X, Yao Y, Wang J, Shen Z, Jiang Z, Xu S. Eucalyptol relieves imidacloprid-induced autophagy through the miR-451/Cab39/AMPK axis in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells †. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106204. [PMID: 35661494 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide that has toxic effects on nontarget organisms. 1,8-Cineole (eucalyptol) is purified from essential oils in several aromatic plants and can prevent xenobiotic toxicity. The kidney is a major organ for xenobiotic elimination and thus has high risk of exposure. The purpose of this research was to clarify the effect of IMI exposure on autophagy in fish kidney cells, determine the potential of eucalyptol to provide cytoprotection from the toxicity of the neonicotinoid pesticide IMI, and identify its mechanism of action. Therefore, the Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cell line (CIK cell) was treated with 20 mg/L IMI and/or 20 μM eucalyptol for 48 h as the research objective. The results showed that IMI exposure induced autophagy accompanied by advanced autophagy markers BNIP3, Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ in CIK cells, reduced the levels of miR-451, increased the expression of Cab39 and AMPK, inhibited AKT/mTOR signaling, and activated the JNK pathway. Eucalyptol treatment alleviated IMI-induced autophagy and relieved the activation of autophagy-associated signals. These results indicate that eucalyptol could alleviate IMI-induced autophagy through the miR-451/Cab39/AMPK axis in fish kidney cells. These results partly explained the mechanism of biological threat on fish under IMI exposure and the potential application value of EUC in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yujie Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Shandong Binzhou Anim Sci & Vet Med Acad, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Shandong Binzhou Anim Sci & Vet Med Acad, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- Anyang Inst Technol, Henan Joint Int Res Lab Vet Biol Res & Applicat, Anyang, 455000, Henan, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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16
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Habotta OA, Elbahnaswy S, Ibrahim I. Neurotoxicity of singular and combined exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to methomyl and copper sulphate at environmentally relevant levels: Assessment of neurotransmitters, neural stress, oxidative injury and histopathological changes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103935. [PMID: 35882308 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are concomitantly exposed to multiple noxious chemicals that can be discharged into water bodies. We aimed to investigate the single and simultaneous sub-acute exposure to copper and methomyl on juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. Compared to the controls, the outcomes revealed that brain of methomyl-exposed fish displayed significant declines in the activities of SOD, CAT, and GST in addition to higher MDA and lower GSH levels. Methomyl induced notable declines in levels of GABA and acetylcholine esterase in brain and muscle of exposed fish. Noteworthy downregulated gene expression levels of TNF-α, HSP-70 together with upregulated c-fos were evident in brain of fish expose to either of tested compounds. Marked apoptotic changes were observed in fish brain exposed to copper and methomyl indicated by augmented immune expression of caspase-3. Conclusively, the results indicated the possible interaction between both compounds with subsequent toxic effects that differ from their single exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Samia Elbahnaswy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Iman Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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17
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Abdelhafez HEDH, AbdAllah AA, Afify MM, Mahmoud NF, Guo J, Murad SA, Ibrahim EA. Protective action of polysaccharides from Laurencia papillose (Rhodophyta) against imidacloprid induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in male albino rats. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2022; 37:e2022011-0. [PMID: 35878919 PMCID: PMC9314203 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2022011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI), the main component of neonicotinoid insecticides, promotes oxidative stress and genotoxicity in mammals. The aim of this experiment is to assess oxidative stress in liver cells and genotoxicity of erythrocytes for rats exposed to sub-lethal doses of IMI and the protective effects for Rhodophyta as antioxidant material versus imidacloprid. A total of 30 adult male albino rats (average body weight, 190–200 g) were divided into six groups (n=5) as follows: group 1 served as the control, group 2 received 200 mg/kg red algae, group 3 received 45 mg/kg IMI (high-dose group), group 4 received 22.5 mg/kg IMI (low-dose group), group 5 received 200 mg/kg red algae +45 mg/kg IMI, and group 6 received 200 mg/kg red algae +22.5 mg/kg IMI. After 28 d of treatment, the antioxidant activity of the crude extract of red algae was assessed in terms of free radical scavenging activity and found to be higher in TCA (75.57%) followed by DPPH (50.08%) at concentration 100 μg extract and a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and reductions in glutathione were observed in liver cells were intoxicated with high and low doses of IMI. Moreover decreases in catalase and glutathione peroxidase parameters in same previous groups which indicated oxidative stress. In addition significant increases in micronucleus frequency (MN) in the bone marrow of the rats as a genotoxicity marker which indicated DNA damage in erythrocytes cells with alterations in the histopathology of liver cells were also noted such as necrosis, inflammatory cells, infiltration, and necrobiotic changes. Whereas Rhodophyta succeeded in alleviation the oxidative damage and genotoxicity induced by the insecticide. In conclusion, IMI demonstrates hazardous effects, such as alterations in antioxidant status and mutagenicity of erythrocytes and polysaccharides from Rhodophyta has good antioxidant activity in vivo model systems against imidacloprid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam El Din H. Abdelhafez
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural pesticides Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza,
Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Amr A AbdAllah
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural pesticides Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza,
Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Afify
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef,
Egypt
| | - Naglaa F Mahmoud
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza,
Egypt
| | - Jiangfeng Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou,
China
| | - Soha A Murad
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza,
Egypt
| | - Eman A Ibrahim
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza,
Egypt
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18
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Mamur S, Gündüzer E, Yaman M. Toxicological aspect of bioinsecticide pyrethrum extract and expressions of apoptotic gene levels in human hepotacellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:373-384. [PMID: 35321623 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2057266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethrum extract (PE), an important natural bioinsecticide, is extensively used across the world to control pest insects in homes and farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic effect of PE using MTT assay and genotoxic effect using micronucleus (MN) assay. The changes in the expressions of the apoptosis genes in mRNA levels were also investigated using Real Time qPCR analysis as well as the ratio of apoptotic/necrotic cells with AnnexinV-FITC/Propidium iodide (PI) assay in HepG2 cells. PE markedly suppressed the cell proliferation on HepG2 cells. It significantly increased the frequency of micronucleus (MN) at 500 and 1000 µg/mL. PE also induced the percentage of cell population of late apoptotic/necrotic cells (FITC + PI+) and necrotic cells (FITC- PI+) especially at 4000 μg/mL analyzed by flow cytometry. PE caused significant fold changes in the expression of several apoptotic genes including APAF1, BIK, BAX, BAD, BİD, MCL-1, CASP3, CASP1, CASP2, FAS, FADD and TNFRSF1A. In particularly, the pro-apoptotic gene Hrk (Harakiri) remarkably and dose-dependently was overexpressed of the mRNA level. As a result, PE may exhibit cyto-genotoxic effects especially at higher concentrations and lead to significant changes in the expression of mRNA levels in several apoptotic genes.Highlights [Database][Mismatch]Natural bioinsecticide PE exhibited cytotoxic effect in HepG2 cells.PE significantly induced the micronucleus (MN) frequency at 500 and 1000 µg/mL.This bioinsecticide induced cell death and it lead to significant fold changes in the expression of mRNA levels in several apoptotic genes in HepG2 cells.The highest increase of the expression of mRNA levels was determined in Hrk (Harakiri) at 4000 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Mamur
- Gazi University, Life Sciences Application and Research Center, 06830, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Gündüzer
- Gazi University, Science Faculty, Deparment of Biology, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melek Yaman
- Gazi University, Medicine Faculty, Department of Immunology, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Tariba Lovaković B, Kašuba V, Sekovanić A, Orct T, Jančec A, Pizent A. Effects of Sub-Chronic Exposure to Imidacloprid on Reproductive Organs of Adult Male Rats: Antioxidant State, DNA Damage, and Levels of Essential Elements. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1965. [PMID: 34943068 PMCID: PMC8750738 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although considered a good alternative to organophosphate pesticides, there are reports indicating adverse effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on reproduction. Our aim was to assess the effects of exposure to low doses of imidacloprid on antioxidant state, DNA damage, and concentration of essential elements in the testes and epididymis using a rat model. Adult male Wistar rats were orally treated with doses comparable to currently proposed health-based reference values: 0.06 (ADI), 0.80 (10× AOEL), or 2.25 (1/200 LD50) mg/kg b.w./day for 28 consecutive days. Exposure to 2.25 mg/kg b.w./day of imidacloprid resulted in a significantly lower testis weight (1.30 ± 0.17 g compared to 1.63 ± 0.15 g in controls). Treatment with 0.06 mg/kg b.w./day increased the level of reduced glutathione in the epididymis (73%), while the activities of epididymal glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase significantly increased in all treated rats (74-92% and 26-39%, respectively). Exposure to imidacloprid resulted in a low, but significant, level of DNA damage in testicular sperm cells regardless of the concentration applied (<28% compared to the negative control). Higher concentrations of Mo were measured in the testes of rats treated with 0.80 and 2.25 mg/kg b.w./day (72.9 ± 7.9 and 73.9 ± 9.1 mg/g, respectively) compared to the control animals (60.5 ± 7.8 mg/g). Higher concentrations of Na were measured in the testes of rats treated with 2.25 mg/kg b.w./day (1679 ± 82 mg/g compared to 1562 ± 56 mg/g in controls). The fact that such low doses of imidacloprid were able to produce measurable biological effects calls for the further evaluation of this widely used insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.T.L.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Vilena Kašuba
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ankica Sekovanić
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.T.L.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.T.L.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Antonija Jančec
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.T.L.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Alica Pizent
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.T.L.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (A.J.)
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20
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Guimarães ARDJS, Bizerra PFV, Miranda CA, Mingatto FE. Effects of imidacloprid on viability and increase of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in HepG2 cell line. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:204-212. [PMID: 34635006 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1992553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMD) is a neonicotinoid insecticide used in large quantities worldwide in both veterinary and agronomic applications. Several studies have shown adverse effects of IMD on non-target organisms, with the liver being identified as the main affected organ. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of IMD on human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells. HepG2 were exposed to IMD (0.25-2.0 mM) for 24 and 48 h. IMD treatment resulted in cytotoxicity in the HepG2, inhibiting cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, starting at concentrations of 0.5 mM (24 h) and 0.25 mM (48 h), and reducing cell viability from 0.5 mM onwards (24 and 48 h). IMD significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential at both time points investigated (2.0 mM), and also induced damage to the cell membrane, demonstrated by significant dose and time-dependent increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from concentrations of 1.0 mM (24 h) and 0.5 mM (48 h) upwards. IMD treatment also increased the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) at rates above 50% following 0.5 mM (24 h) or 0.25 mM (48 h) concentrations, and caused a significant decrease in reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG), indicating oxidative stress. Furthermore, the antioxidant dithiothreitol, which reacts with ROS/RNS and acts as a thiol reducing agent, inhibited the cytotoxic effect of IMD. In addition, the metabolite IMD-olefin was more toxic than IMD. Our results indicate that IMD induces cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and that this effect may be associated with an increase in the generation of ROS/RNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Francisco Veiga Bizerra
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Maringá State University (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
| | - Camila Araújo Miranda
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Fábio Erminio Mingatto
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
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21
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DNA Damage in Liver Cells of the Tilapia Fish Oreochromis mossambicus Larva Induced by the Insecticide Cyantraniliprole at Sublethal Doses During Chronic Exposure. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34097270 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1514-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cyantraniliprole can effectively control lepidopteran pests and has been used all over the world. In general, the risk of cyantraniliprole seems low for fish, but the toxicity selectivity among different fish species was not clear. Here, we present the methods for the acute toxicity and chronic effects of cyantraniliprole by using juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Based on this test, 96 h LC50 of cyantraniliprole to tilapia was 38.0 mg/L. After exposed for 28 days, specific growth rates of the blank control, solution control, and the treatments of 0.037, 0.37 and 3.7 mg/L of cyantraniliprole were 1.14, 0.95, 0.93, 0.82, and 0.70% per day, respectively. The results of micronucleus experiment and single cell gel electrophoresis showed that cyantraniliprole damaged DNA in liver cells of tilapia larvae. Quantitative PCR results showed that cyantraniliprole could induce the upregulation of Rpa 3 that is responsible for the DNA repair. The significant downregulation of Chk 2 gene was related to p53 pathway. It is therefore proposed that cyantraniliprole causes DNA damage in liver cells of tilapia and activates DNA damage and repair pathways.
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22
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Baysal M, Atlı-Eklioğlu Ö. Comparison of the toxicity of pure compounds and commercial formulations of imidacloprid and acetamiprid on HT-29 cells: Single and mixture exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112430. [PMID: 34289392 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids, which are widely used worldwide, including in Turkey, are an insecticide group that are synthetic derivatives of nicotine. Recently, they have attracted attention due to their toxic effects on non-target organisms, especially bees. Numerous studies have shown that neonicotinoids have been found in detectable levels in the environment and cause various undesirable effects on living organisms, including humans and other mammals. In this study, the possible toxic effects of imidacloprid and acetamiprid, commonly used neonicotinoids, are investigated by their pure forms and commercial formulations on HT-29 cells with individual and combined exposures. According to our results, imidacloprid and acetamiprid induced cytotoxicity by caspase-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, DNA damage, and oxidative stress under these experimental conditions. It is worth mentioning low doses of DNA damage, mixture exposure causes toxic effects at lower concentrations than individual exposure, and formulation groups are at the forefront of toxicity formation, though this varies depending on the parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Baysal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Atlı-Eklioğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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23
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Chrustek A, Hołyńska-Iwan I, Olszewska-Słonina D. The influence of pyrethroides: permethrin, deltamethrin
and alpha-cypermetrin on oxidative damage. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.8309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids, synthetic derivatives of natural pyrethrins derived from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolim,
are commonly used for plant protection in the forestry, agricultural, pharmaceutical industry
as well as in medicine and veterinary medicine. They can enter the body by inhalation,
ingestion and skin contact. It was assumed that they are characterized by low toxicity to humans,
are quickly metabolized and do not accumulate in tissues, and are excreted in the urine. Despite
the existing restrictions, their use carries a great risk, because these compounds and their metabolites
can get into the natural environment, contaminating water, soil and food. The consequences
of using pyrethroids as a direct threat to animal and human health have been described
for many years. They are published on an ongoing basis informing about poisoning with these
compounds in humans and animals, and about fatalities after their taking. Children are most at
risk because pyrethroids can be found in breast milk. These compounds have nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic,
immunotoxic, neurotoxic effects and have a negative effect on the reproductive system
and the fetus. Pyrethroids such as permethrin, deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin are approved
by the World Health Organization for daily use; however, numerous scientific studies indicate
that they can cause oxidative stress. They lead to DNA, protein, lipid damage and induction of
apoptosis. The purpose of the work was to collect and systematize the available knowledge regarding
the induction of oxidative stress by selected pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chrustek
- Katedra Patobiochemii i Chemii Klinicznej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Katedra Patobiochemii i Chemii Klinicznej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
- Katedra Patobiochemii i Chemii Klinicznej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
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Hołyńska-Iwan I, Szewczyk-Golec K. Pyrethroids: How They Affect Human and Animal Health? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56110582. [PMID: 33143129 PMCID: PMC7692614 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are pesticides commonly used in crop protection; in the forestry, wood, and textile industries; as well as in medicine and veterinary medicine to treat parasitic crustacean infestations. They have been found to be relatively safe for humans and animals. Pyrethroids are recommended for personal protection against malaria and virus Zika by the World Health Organization. Pyrethroids act on voltage-gated sodium channels, which cause an influx of sodium ions into the nerve cells and permanent depolarization. They also influence activities of enzymes, especially in nerve and liver cells. Contact of pyrethroids with the skin, digestive tract, and respiratory tract results in their penetration into the body. Due to the importance of the subject, a summary of the current state of knowledge on the toxic effects of pyrethroids was presented in the comprehensive review by Chrustek et al, published in journal Medicina. Particular attention was paid to nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, cardiotoxic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, and behavioral effects of pyrethroids on human and animal bodies. It could be added that pyrethroids generate oxidative stress, which modifies DNA, RNA, protein, lipid and carbohydrate molecules. However, public awareness of the possible negative effects of the use of insecticides is still low. Further research should be carried out to clarify the molecular basis of the pathomechanism of pyrethroid detrimental action. Proper dissemination of the results seems to be of first importance for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of Epithelial Tissue and Skin, Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-525853598
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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25
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Pang S, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Alansary N, Mishra S, Bhatt P, Chen S. Insights into the Toxicity and Degradation Mechanisms of Imidacloprid Via Physicochemical and Microbial Approaches. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030065. [PMID: 32882955 PMCID: PMC7560415 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that has been widely used to control insect pests in agricultural fields for decades. It shows insecticidal activity mainly by blocking the normal conduction of the central nervous system in insects. However, in recent years, imidacloprid has been reported to be an emerging contaminant in all parts of the world, and has different toxic effects on a variety of non-target organisms, including human beings, due to its large-scale use. Hence, the removal of imidacloprid from the ecosystem has received widespread attention. Different remediation approaches have been studied to eliminate imidacloprid residues from the environment, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, adsorption, ultrasound, illumination, and biodegradation. In nature, microbial degradation is one of the most important processes controlling the fate of and transformation from imidacloprid use, and from an environmental point of view, it is the most promising means, as it is the most effective, least hazardous, and most environmentally friendly. To date, several imidacloprid-degrading microbes, including Bacillus, Pseudoxanthomonas, Mycobacterium, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, and Stenotrophomonas, have been characterized for biodegradation. In addition, previous studies have found that many insects and microorganisms have developed resistance genes to and degradation enzymes of imidacloprid. Furthermore, the metabolites and degradation pathways of imidacloprid have been reported. However, reviews of the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid are rare. In this review, the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid are summarized in order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the remediation of imidacloprid-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Nasser Alansary
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8528-8229
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Nassar AM, Salim YM, Eid KS, Shaheen HM, Saati AA, Hetta HF, Elmistekawy A, Batiha GES. Ameliorative Effects of Honey, Propolis, Pollen, and Royal Jelly Mixture against Chronic Toxicity of Sumithion Insecticide in White Albino Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112633. [PMID: 32517066 PMCID: PMC7321238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumithion (Fenitrothion) (SUM) is an organophosphorus insecticide used to combat a wide variety of plant pests. Exposure to SUM causes significant toxicity to the brain, liver, kidney, and reproductive organs through, for example, binding to DNA, and it induces DNA damage, which ends with oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the protective role of bee products: a mixture of honey, propolis, palm pollen, and royal jelly (HPPJ) against SUM-induced toxicity. Twenty-four male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were classified into four groups, each containing six rats: control (corn oil), SUM (85 mg/kg; 1/20 LD50), HPPJ, and SUM + HPPJ once daily for 28 consecutive days. Blood samples were gently collected in sterilized ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes for blood picture analyses and tubes without anticoagulant for serum isolation. Serum was used for assays of enzymatic and biochemical characteristics. The results revealed that SUM increased the weights of the liver, kidney, and brain as well as the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Additionally, SUM significantly increased the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and glucose, uric acid, and creatinine contents, while decreasing the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and total lipids and total protein content. Furthermore, because of the inclusion of phenolic, flavonoids, terpenoids, and sugars, the HPPJ mixture counteracted the hematological, renal, and hepatic toxicity of SUM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef M.K. Nassar
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt; (Y.M.M.S.); (K.S.A.E.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.K.N.); (G.E.-S.B.)
| | - Yehia M.M. Salim
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt; (Y.M.M.S.); (K.S.A.E.)
| | - Khalid S.A. Eid
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt; (Y.M.M.S.); (K.S.A.E.)
| | - Hazem M. Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
| | - Abdullah A. Saati
- Department of Community Medicine & Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
- Departmentof Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Amr Elmistekawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (A.M.K.N.); (G.E.-S.B.)
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27
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Ferré DM, Ludueña HR, Romano RR, Gorla NBM. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and their subsequent mixture, on cultured bovine lymphocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125341. [PMID: 31751924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) are insecticides/parasiticides used in the production of fruits, vegetables and beef cattle. These substances or their metabolites are frequently reported as residues in food, whose consumption in a diet implies a genotoxic risk. The potential for chronic toxicity of CYP and CPF is unclear, and only a few genotoxicological evaluations based on their mixture have been performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of CYP, CPF and CYP + CPF in five concentrations, from 5.9 to 175 μg/mL, on bovine lymphocytes. By means of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay, a decrease in the cell proliferation index was observed (r = -0.89 p = 0.04); and also an increase in the frequencies of binucleated cells (BN) with micronuclei (BNMn) (r = 0.93, p = 0.02) and BN with nuclear buds (BNBud) (r = 0.778 p = 0.04), depending on the concentrations of CPF. An increase in BNMn frequencies was observed as a function of CYP concentrations (r = 0.89, p = 0.04) and also of the CYP + CPF mix (r = 0.99, p = 0.008). CYP caused greater genotoxic damage (BNMn) than CPF and the mixture on bovine lymphocytes. Cells with simultaneous presentation of micronuclei and nuclear buds were detected, as well as cells with irregular nuclei, something never previously reported, whose origin and significance should be investigated. The genotoxic effect of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their mixture on bovine lymphocytes was observed. We recognized the value of the use of primary bovine cultures, animal species adjacent to man in the food chain, for genotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Ferré
- Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - H R Ludueña
- Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R R Romano
- Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - N B M Gorla
- Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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28
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Lu C, Lu Z, Lin S, Dai W, Zhang Q. Neonicotinoid insecticides in the drinking water system - Fate, transportation, and their contributions to the overall dietary risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113722. [PMID: 31864920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (Neonics) have become the most widely used insecticides around the world in recent years. Due to the hydrophilic character, neonics are emerging contaminants in drinking water. In this study, we aimed to characterize and quantify the fate and transport of neonics in the drinking water treatment system and their contributions to the overall dietary risks. Seven neonics in 97 surface and drinking water samples in the city of Hangzhou, China were analyzed. The relative potency factor method was adopted in order to calculate the total neonics concentrations. We then used the Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the chronic daily intake (CDI) of total neonics from water consumption. All 16 surface water samples collected from two rivers contained at least two neonics, and more than 93% of those contained 3 or more neonics. Imidacloprid was detected in all 16 surface water samples, followed by clothianidin and acetamiprid with average concentrations of 11.9, 7.6, 17.6 ng L-1, respectively. The drinking water treatment plants removed approximately 50% of neonics from surface water. However, 68 out of 71 tap water samples that we collected from the household faucets contained at least one neonic, with the highest average concentrations of 5.8 ng L-1 for acetamiprid. The maximum of CDIs of total neonics from water consumption for adult and children were 10.2 and 12.4 ng kg-1 d-1, respectively, which are significantly lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The results presented here shown drinking water consumption only represented an insignificant portion of dietary risks of total neonics, mainly due to the modern drinking water treatment technologies that are capable of removing significant amount of neonics from drinking water. However, the ubiquity of neonics in the drinking water sources to kitchen faucets, should be a concern for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensheng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbiao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Lin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Xu C, Fan Y, Zhang X, Kong W, Miao W, Li QX. DNA damage in liver cells of the tilapia fish Oreochromis mossambicus larva induced by the insecticide cyantraniliprole at sublethal doses during chronic exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124586. [PMID: 31442775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyantraniliprole can effectively control lepidopteran pests and has been used all over the world. In general, the risk of cyantraniliprole seems low for fish, but the toxicity selectivity among different fish species was not clear. Here the acute toxicity and chronic effects of cyantraniliprole to juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were assessed. The results showed that 96 h LC50 of cyantraniliprole to tilapia was 38.0 mg/L. After exposed for 28 days, specific growth rates of the blank control, solution control, and the treatments of 0.037, 0.37 and 3.7 mg/L of cyantraniliprole were 1.14, 0.95, 0.93, 0.82 and 0.70% per day, respectively. The results of micronucleus experiment and single cell gel electrophoresis showed that cyantraniliprole damaged DNA in liver cells of tilapia larvae. Quantitative PCR results showed that cyantraniliprole could induce the up-regulation of Rpa 3 that is responsible for the DNA repair. The significantly down-regulation of Chk 2 gene was related to p53 pathway. It is therefore proposed that cyantraniliprole causes DNA damage in liver cells of tilapia and activates DNA damage and repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Yongmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Weihao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Weiguo Miao
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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30
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Kassa J, Stetina R. The evaluation of oxidative damage of DNA after poisoning with nerve agents. J Appl Biomed 2019; 17:225-230. [PMID: 34907721 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2019.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The potency of three nerve agents (sarin, soman, tabun) to induce oxidative damage of DNA in lymphocytes, liver and brain during lethal or sublethal poisoning was investigated. The single strand breaks or oxidative base DNA damage was evaluated with the help of Comet assay and a specific enzyme able to detect oxidative bases of DNA (endonuclease III). While sarin and soman administered at sublethal doses corresponding to 50% of their LD50 values were not able to induce oxidative damage of DNA, their lethal dose (LD50) induced the significant increase of the number of oxidative bases in DNA of hepatocytes. In addition, tabun administered at lethal dose (LD50) induced significant increase of the number of single strand breaks and oxidative bases of DNA in glial cells isolated from pontomedullar brain region. Thus, some nerve agents were able to induce oxidative damage in the peripheral as well as central compartment but only in the case of severe poisoning caused by lethal doses of nerve agents. This non-cholinergic effect of nerve agents has probably consequences with nerve agents-induced hypoxic status during acute cholinergic crisis and it can contribute to their long-term toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kassa
- University of Defence in Brno, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Stetina
- University of Defence in Brno, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Dalinova A, Dubovik V, Chisty L, Kochura D, Ivanov A, Smirnov S, Petrova M, Zolotarev A, Evidente A, Berestetskiy A. Stagonolides J and K and Stagochromene A, Two New Natural Substituted Nonenolides and a New Disubstituted Chromene-4,5-dione Isolated from Stagonospora cirsii S-47 Proposed for the Biocontrol of Sonchus arvensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13040-13050. [PMID: 31670962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two new natural 10-membered macrolides (1, 2) and one chromene-4,5-dione derivative (3), named stagonolides J and K and stagochromene A, respectively, were isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Stagonospora cirsii S-47, together with two known compounds, stagonolide A (4) and herbarumin I (5). Stagonolides J and K and stagochromene A were characterized as (5E,7R*,8S*,9R*)-7,8-dihydroxy-9-propyl-5-nonen-9-olide, (5E,7R,9S)-7-hydroxy-9-propyl-5-nonen-9-olide, and (2R*,3R*)-3-hydroxy-2-propyltetrahydro-2H-chromene-4,5(3H,4aH)-dione, respectively, by spectroscopic (mostly by NMR and ESIMS) data. Compounds 1-5 showed different rates of phytotoxic activity on punctured leaf discs of Sonchus arvensis. The antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiprotozoal activity of isolated compounds was also evaluated. Based on our data, stagonolide K and herbarumin I can be proposed as a potential scaffold for the development of a new natural herbicide and estimated as possible selection/quality markers of a bioherbicide based on S. cirsii, while stagonolide A can be considered as a mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dalinova
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection , Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Podbelskogo st., 3 , Pushkin , Saint-Petersburg 196608 , Russian Federation
| | - Vsevolod Dubovik
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection , Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Podbelskogo st., 3 , Pushkin , Saint-Petersburg 196608 , Russian Federation
- Higher School of Technology and Energy (HSTE) , Saint Petersburg State University of Technology and Design , Ivana Chernyh st., 4 , Saint-Petersburg 198095 , Russian Federation
| | - Leonid Chisty
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology , Federal Medical Biological Agency , p/o Kuz'molovsky, Kapitolovo, 93 , Saint-Petersburg 188663 , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy Kochura
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology , Federal Medical Biological Agency , p/o Kuz'molovsky, Kapitolovo, 93 , Saint-Petersburg 188663 , Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Ivanov
- St. Petersburg State University , Universitetsky Av. 26 , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Smirnov
- St. Petersburg State University , Universitetsky Av. 26 , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russian Federation
| | - Maria Petrova
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection , Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Podbelskogo st., 3 , Pushkin , Saint-Petersburg 196608 , Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Zolotarev
- St. Petersburg State University , Universitetsky Av. 26 , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russian Federation
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo , Via. Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Alexander Berestetskiy
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection , Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Podbelskogo st., 3 , Pushkin , Saint-Petersburg 196608 , Russian Federation
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Schwarzbacherová V, Wnuk M, Deregowska A, Holečková B, Lewinska A. In vitro exposure to thiacloprid-based insecticide formulation promotes oxidative stress, apoptosis and genetic instability in bovine lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104654. [PMID: 31533058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A proprietary thiacloprid-based neonicotinoid insecticide formulation is widely used in agriculture to protect vegetables and fruit against various pests. However, its effect on animal cells has not been fully elucidated. In this study, bovine peripheral lymphocytes were incubated with different concentrations of this formulation (10; 30; 60; 120 and 240 μg.mL-1) for 4 h to address the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the insecticide. Insecticide formulation treatment resulted in decreased cell viability and proliferation, p53-mediated cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and apoptosis induction accompanied by elevated levels of mitochondrial superoxide and protein carbonylation. Oxidant-based DNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR) were also observed, namely the formation of micronuclei, DNA double-strand breaks and slightly elevated recruitment of p53 binding protein (53BP1) foci. Our results contribute to the elucidation of insecticide effects on animal lymphocyte cultures after short-term exposure. Due to increased application of neonicotinoids worldwide, resulting in both higher yields and adverse effects on non-target animals and humans, further in vivo and in vitro experiments should be performed to confirm their cytotoxic and genotoxic activities during short-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Schwarzbacherová
- Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Deregowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Beáta Holečková
- Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Navarrete-Meneses MDP, Pérez-Vera P. Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and hematological cancer: epidemiological, biological and molecular evidence. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:197-210. [PMID: 30903760 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used worldwide. The chronic effects of these compounds are of concern given that epidemiological studies have suggested an association with hematological cancer, particularly in children. However, the biological evidence at molecular and cellular levels is limited. A review on the molecular and cellular effects of pyrethroids is helpful to guide the study of the biological plausibility of the association of pyrethroids with hematological cancer. We reviewed studies suggesting that pyrethroids are genotoxic, induce genetic rearrangements, alter gene expression and modify DNA. All of these biological modifications could potentially contribute to the carcinogenic process in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Pilar Navarrete-Meneses
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Human Genetics Department, National Pediatrics Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Pérez-Vera
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Human Genetics Department, National Pediatrics Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
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Luan S, Muhayimana S, Xu J, Zhang X, Xiao C, Huang Q. The effect of α-tocopherol and dithiothreitol in ameliorating emamectin benzoate cytotoxicity in human K562 cells involving the modulation of ROS accumulation and NF-κB signaling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:114-121. [PMID: 30315996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) toxicity contributes a potential risk to environment and human health. To investigate the effect of α-tocopherol (VitE) and dithiothreitol (DTT) in ameliorating EMB-induced cytotoxicity in human K562 cells, in vitro cultured human K562 cells were incubated with different concentrations of EMB in supplement with VitE and DTT when the cells were in the logarithmic phase. Next, the cell growth inhibition was evaluated using the MTT assay and cellular morphology observation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was monitored using DCFH-DA probe and NF-κB signaling was determined using Western blotting. The results demonstrated that treatment with EMB (time- and concentration-dependent) showed significantly greater inhibition on K562 cell viability, heavier chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, and stronger suppression of NF-κB/p105 and p65/RelA expression of K562 cells than the control group (p < 0.01). The supplementation of VitE or DTT could help protect K562 cells against EMB-induced cytotoxicity by improving cell viability, preventing ROS accumulation and up-regulating NF-κB signaling through their ameliorating effects against oxidative stress induced by EMB. VitE had a stronger synergistic effect in limiting EMB cytotoxicity than DTT. Our findings indicate that VitE and DTT are potent antioxidants for human K562 cells, offering a promising means of ameliorating EMB cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorong Luan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Research Center of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Solange Muhayimana
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiuyong Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xianfei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ciying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Mužinić V, Ramić S, Želježić D. Chromosome Missegregation and Aneuploidy Induction in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes In vitro by Low Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos, Imidacloprid and α-Cypermethrin. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:72-84. [PMID: 30264469 DOI: 10.1002/em.22235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, and α-cypermethrin are some of the most widely used insecticides in contemporary agriculture. However, their low-dose, nontarget genotoxic effects have not been extensively assayed. As one of the most relevant cancer biomarkers, we aimed to assess the aneuploidy due to chromosome missegregation during mitosis. To aim it we treated human lymphocytes in vitro with three concentrations of insecticides equivalents relevant for real scenario exposure assessed by regulatory agencies. We focused on chlorpyrifos as conventional and imidacloprid and α-cypermethrin as sustainable use insecticides. Cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay was performed coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with directly labeled pancentromeric probes for chromosomes 9, 18, X and Y. None of the insecticides induced significant secondary DNA damage in terms of micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB), or nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB). However, significant disbalances in chromosomes 9, 18, X and Y, and in insecticide-treated cells has been observed. According to recent studies, these disbalances in chromosome numbers may be atributted to defect sister chromatid cohesion which contribute to the increase of chromosome missegregation but not to micronuclei incidence. We conclude that tested insecticidal active substances exert chromosome missegregation effects at low concentrations, possibly by mechanism of sister chromatid cohesion. These findings may contribute to future risk assesments and understanding of insecticide mode of action on human genome. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:72-84, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Mužinić
- Unit of Mutagenesis, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Ramić
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Želježić
- Unit of Mutagenesis, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Alak G, Ucar A, Yeltekin AÇ, Çomaklı S, Parlak V, Taş IH, Özkaraca M, Topal A, Kirman EM, Bolat İ, Atamanalp M, Türkez H. Neuroprotective effects of dietary borax in the brain tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to copper-induced toxicity. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1409-1420. [PMID: 29959587 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the modulating effects of dietary borax on the pathways in rainbow trout brain exposed to copper. For this aim, a comprehensive assessment was performed including biochemical (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and caspase-3 levels) and transcriptional parameters (heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and cytochromes P450 (CYP1A), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), superoxide dismutase (sod), and catalase (cat)) parameters and immunohistochemically staining of 8-OHdG. Special fish feed diets were prepared for the trial. These diets contained different concentrations of borax (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg) and/or copper (500 and 1000 mg/kg) at the period of pre- and co-treatment strategies for 21 days. At the end of the treatment periods, brain tissue was sampled for each experimental group. As a result, the biochemical parameters were increased and AChE activity decreased in the copper and copper-combined groups in comparison with the control group and also with only borax applications (p < 0.05). We observed an increase or decrease in particular biochemical parameters for the borax group in every application and we established that borax had protective effect against copper toxicity by decreasing and/or increasing the relevant biochemical parameters in brain tissue of fish. The biochemical results of borax and its combinations corresponded to the observations of gene expression data, which similarly concluded that HSP70 and CYP1A genes were strongly induced by copper (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression levels of the sod, cat, and gpx genes in the fish brains exposed to borax and the borax combination groups were significantly higher than the only copper-treated groups. In conclusion, borax supplementation provided significant protection against copper-induced neurotoxicity in trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Alak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aslı Çilingir Yeltekin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yuzuncu Yıl, TR-65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Selim Çomaklı
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Veysel Parlak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Mustafa Özkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Topal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Manavoğlu Kirman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, TR-25050, Erzurum, Turkey
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Želježić D, Žunec S, Bjeliš M, Benković V, Mladinić M, Lovaković Tariba B, Pavičić I, Marjanović Čermak AM, Kašuba V, Milić M, Pizent A, Lucić Vrdoljak A, Kopjar N. Effects of the chloro-s-triazine herbicide terbuthylazine on DNA integrity in human and mouse cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19065-19081. [PMID: 29721798 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Terbuthylazine belongs to the chloro-s-triazine group of herbicides and acts primarily as a photosynthesis inhibitor. The mechanisms of action related to its exposure, relevant both in animals and humans, are still insufficiently investigated. This comprehensive study focused on the outcomes of terbuthylazine exposure at cell level in vitro, and a mice model in vivo. Experiments in vitro were conducted on whole human peripheral blood, isolated lymphocytes, and HepG2 cells exposed for 4 h to terbuthylazine at 8.00, 0.80, and 0.58 ng/mL, which is comparable with current reference values set by the European Commission in 2011. Terbuthylazine cytotoxicity was evaluated using dual fluorescent staining with ethidium bromide and acridine orange on lymphocytes, and CCK-8 colorimetric assay on HepG2 cells. The levels of DNA damage were measured using alkaline and hOGG1-modified comet assays. The potency of terbuthlyazine regarding induction of oxidative stress in vitro was studied using a battery of standard oxidative stress biomarkers. The in vivo experiment was conducted on Swiss albino mice exposed to terbuthlyazine in the form of an active substance and its formulated commercial product Radazin TZ-50 at a daily dose of 0.0035 mg/kg bw for 14 days. Following exposure, the DNA damage levels in leukocytes, bone marrow, liver, and kidney cells of the treated mice were measured using an alkaline comet assay. In vitro results suggested low terbuthylazine cytotoxicity in non-target cells. The highest tested concentration (8.00 ng/mL) reduced lymphocyte viability by 15%, mostly due to apoptosis, while cytotoxic effects in HepG2 cells at the same concentration were negligible. Acute in vitro exposure of human lymphocytes and HepG2 cells to terbuthylazine resulted in low-level DNA instability, as detected by the alkaline comet assay. Further characterization of the mechanisms behind the DNA damage obtained using the hOGG1-modified comet assay indicated that oxidative DNA damage did not prevail in the overall damage. This was further confirmed by the measured levels of oxidative stress markers, which were mostly comparable to control. Results obtained in mice indicate that both the active substance and formulated commercial product of terbuthylazine produced DNA instability in all of the studied cell types. We found that DNA in liver and kidney cells was more prone to direct toxic effects of the parent compound and its metabolites than DNA in leukocytes and bone marrow cells. The overall findings suggest the formation of reactive terbuthylazine metabolites capable of inducing DNA cross-links, which hinder DNA migration. These effects were most pronounced in liver cells in vivo and HepG2 cells in vitro. To provide a more accurate explanation of the observed effects, additional research is needed. Nevertheless, the present study provides evidence that terbuthylazine at concentrations comparable with current reference values possesses toxicological risk because it caused low-level DNA instability, both at cellular and animal organism level, which should be further established in forthcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Želježić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Žunec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Bjeliš
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Benković
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Blanka Lovaković Tariba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alica Pizent
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Lucić Vrdoljak
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Redox imbalance caused by pesticides: a review of OPENTOX-related research. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 69:126-134. [PMID: 29990294 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are a highly diverse group of compounds and the most important chemical stressors in the environment. Mechanisms that could explain pesticide toxicity are constantly being studied and their interactions at the cellular level are often observed in well-controlled in vitro studies. Several pesticide groups have been found to impair the redox balance in the cell, but the mechanisms leading to oxidative stress for certain pesticides are only partly understood. As our scientific project "Organic pollutants in environment - markers and biomarkers of toxicity (OPENTOX)" is dedicated to studying toxic effects of selected insecticides and herbicides, this review is focused on reporting the knowledge regarding oxidative stress-related phenomena at the cellular level. We wanted to single out the most important facts relevant to the evaluation of our own findings from studies conducted on in vitro cell models.
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Vanova N, Pejchal J, Herman D, Dlabkova A, Jun D. Oxidative stress in organophosphate poisoning: role of standard antidotal therapy. J Appl Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nela Vanova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - David Herman
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Dlabkova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
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Evaluation of chlorpyrifos toxicity through a 28-day study: Cholinesterase activity, oxidative stress responses, parent compound/metabolite levels, and primary DNA damage in blood and brain tissue of adult male Wistar rats. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 279:51-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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Zhou C, Li X. Cytotoxicity of chlorpyrifos to human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells: effects on mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular free Ca2+. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1386686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chune Zhou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Altun S, Özdemir S, Arslan H. Histopathological effects, responses of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis biomarkers and alteration of gene expressions related to apoptosis, oxidative stress, and reproductive system in chlorpyrifos-exposed common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:432-443. [PMID: 28675853 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify the toxic effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on the tissues of common carp. For this purpose, we evaluated histopathological changes in the brain, gills, liver, kidney, testis, and ovaries after 21 days of chlorpyrifos exposure. Activation of 8-OHdG, cleaved caspase-3, and iNOS were assesed by immunofluorescence assay in chlorpyrifos-exposed brain and liver tissue. Additionally, we measured the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, iNOS, MT1, CYP1A, and CYP3A genes in chlorpyrifos-exposed brain tissue, as well as the expression levels of FSH and LH genes in chlorpyrifos-exposed ovaries, using qRT-PCR. We observed severe histopathological lesions, including inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, and hemorrhage, in the evaluated tissues of common carp after both high and low levels of exposure to chlorpyrifos. We detected strong and diffuse signs of immunofluorescence reaction for 8-OHdG, iNOS, and cleaved caspase-3 in the chlorpyrifos-exposed brain and liver tissues. Furthermore, we found that chlorpyrifos exposure significantly upregulated the expressions of caspase-3, caspase-8, iNOS, and MT1, and also moderately upregulated CYP1A and CYP3A in the brain tissue of exposed carp. We also noted downregulation of FSH and LH gene expressions in chlorpyrifos-exposed ovary tissues. Based on our results, chlorpyrifos toxication caused crucial histopathological lesions in vital organs, induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in liver and brain tissues, and triggered reproductive sterility in common carp. Therefore, we can propose that chlorpyrifos toxication is highly dangerous to the health of common carp. Moreover, chlorpyrifos pollution in the water could threaten the common carp population. Use of chlorpyrifos should be restricted, and aquatic systems should be monitored for chlorpyrifos pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Altun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Yakutiye, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Selçuk Özdemir
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Yakutiye, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Harun Arslan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Yakutiye, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Zeljezic D, Vinkovic B, Kasuba V, Kopjar N, Milic M, Mladinic M. The effect of insecticides chlorpyrifos, α-cypermethrin and imidacloprid on primary DNA damage, TP 53 and c-Myc structural integrity by comet-FISH assay. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:332-338. [PMID: 28505574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In parallel with the continuous use of conventional insecticides, introduction of more environmentally friendly substances continues to grow in modern agriculture. In the present study, we evaluated chlorpyrifos, and imidacloprid and α-cypermethrin as two representatives of green insecticides for their genotoxic activity. We conducted a 14-day treatment in extended human lymphocytes cultures using real life exposure relevant concentrations. An alkaline comet assay was used to detect primary DNA damage. Simultaneously, the effect on the specific action towards the TP 53 and c-Myc genes in terms of fragmentation and copy number were determined. Both genes are responsible for cell cycle regulation; thus playing an active role in carcinogenesis. Contrary to what was expected, imidacloprid showed the highest genotoxicity potential, irrespective of the fact that none of the insecticides induced a significant level of primary DNA damage at all tested concentrations. Similar, no significant effect towards the TP 53 and c-Myc gene was recorded. The present study indicates that low level use of chlorpyrifos as a conventional insecticide and imidacloprid and α-cypermethrin as green insecticides does not pose a risk to DNA in general, nor to the TP 53 and c-Myc gene structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Zeljezic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Benjamin Vinkovic
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilena Kasuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Mladinic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia
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Molecular mechanisms of discrotophos-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells: The role of CSA in oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:253-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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