1
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Milovanovic I, Zengin G, Maksimovic S, Tadic V. Supercritical carbon-oxide extracts from cultivated and wild-grown Ganoderma lucidum mushroom: differences in ergosterol and ganoderic acids content, antioxidative and enzyme inhibitory properties. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2522-2528. [PMID: 36744699 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2175355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of supercritical carbon-oxide (scCO2) extraction on antioxidant capacity, enzyme inhibitory potential, and levels of ergosterol and ganoderic acid in both cultivated and wild-grown G. lucidum. Extraction yields were slightly higher for wild samples (1.29%) than for cultivated ones (1.13%). The levels of ganoderic acid and ergosterol were higher in cultivated in comparison to wild samples. In addition, the total phenolic content in cultivated samples (13.42 mg GAE g-1) was higher than in wild samples (10.38 mg GAE g-1). In general, cultivated samples exhibited stronger antioxidant potential when compared with wild ones. Regarding enzyme inhibitory properties, it was validated that the wild samples (14.01 mg OE g-1) possessed greater lipase activity in comparison to cultivated samples (5.36 mg OE g-1). Based on our findings, cultivated G. lucidum might be considered a valuable source of natural bioactive agents in the preparation of health-promoting products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Milovanovic
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Svetolik Maksimovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Tadic
- Institute for Medicinal Plant research 'Dr Josif Pančić', Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Tan RY, Ilham Z, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Abdul Halim-Lim S, Ahmad Usuldin SR, Ahmad R, Adlim M. Mushroom oils: A review of their production, composition, and potential applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31594. [PMID: 38845934 PMCID: PMC11153096 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the world of mushroom oils, highlighting their production, composition, and versatile applications. Despite mushrooms' overall low lipid content, their fatty acid composition, rich in essential fatty acids like linoleic acid and oleic acid, proves nutritionally significant. Variations in fatty acid profiles across mushroom species and the prevalence of unsaturated fats contribute to their cardiovascular health benefits. The exploration extends to mushroom essential oils, revealing diverse volatile compounds through extraction methods like hydrodistillation and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE). The identification of 1-octen-3-ol as a key contributor to the distinct "mushroom flavor" adds a nuanced perspective. The focus broadens to applications, encompassing culinary and industrial uses with techniques like cold pressing and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Mushroom oils, with their unique nutritional and flavor profiles, enhance gastronomic experiences. Non-food applications in cosmetics and biofuels underscore the oils' versatility. The nutritional composition, enriched with essential fatty acids, bioactive compositions, and trace elements, is explored for potential health benefits. Bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds and terpenes contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, positioning mushroom oils as nutritional powerhouses. In short, this concise review synthesizes the intricate world of mushroom oils, emphasizing their nutritional significance, extraction methodologies, and potential health benefits. The comprehensive overview underscores mushroom oils as a promising area for further exploration and utilization. The characteristics of mushroom biomass oil for the use in various industries are influenced by the mushroom species, chemical composition, biochemical synthesis of mushroom, and downstream processes including extraction, purification and characterization. Therefore, further research and exploration need to be done to achieve a circular bioeconomy with the integration of SDGs, waste reduction, and economic stimulation, to fully utilize the benefits of mushroom, a valuable gift of nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yeong Tan
- Biomass Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zul Ilham
- Biomass Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Abdul Halim-Lim
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Seri Kembangan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad Usuldin
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Malaysia (ABI), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIMB), HQ MARDI, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rahayu Ahmad
- Halal Action Laboratory, Kolej GENIUS Insan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Adlim
- Chemistry Department, FKIP, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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3
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Ma G, Li X, Tao Q, Ma S, Du H, Hu Q, Xiao H. Impacts of preparation technologies on biological activities of edible mushroom polysaccharides - novel insights for personalized nutrition achievement. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38821105 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2352796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Edible mushroom polysaccharides (EMPs) as a natural macromolecular carbohydrate have a very complex structure and composition. EMPs are considered ideal candidates for developing healthy products and functional foods and have received significant research attention due to their unique physiological activities such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor/cancer, gut microbiota regulation, metabolism improvement, and nervous system protection. The structure and monosaccharide composition of edible mushroom polysaccharides have an unknown relationship with their functional activity, which has not been widely studied. Therefore, we summarized the preparation techniques of EMPs and discussed the association between functional activity, preparation methods, structure and composition of EMPs, laying a theoretical foundation for the personalized nutritional achievements of EMP. We also establish the foundation for the further investigation and application of EMPs as novel functional foods and healthy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Ji W, Zhang N, Su W, Wang X, Liu X, Wang Y, Chen K, Ren L. The impact of continuous cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum on soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and fruiting body metabolites. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10097. [PMID: 38698154 PMCID: PMC11066026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the impacts of continuous Ganoderma lucidum cultivation on soil physicochemical factors, soil enzyme activity, and the metabolome of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, this study conducted two consecutive years of cultivation on the same plot of land. Soil physicochemical factors and enzyme activity were assessed, alongside non-targeted metabolomic analysis of the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies under continuous cultivation. The findings unveiled that in the surface soil layer (0-15 cm), there was a declining trend in organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and sucrase, whereas nitrate nitrogen, electrical conductivity (EC), and salt content exhibited an upward trend. Conversely, in the deeper soil layer (15-30 cm), organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, available potassium, alkaline phosphatase, and sucrase demonstrated a decreasing trend, while nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, pH, EC, salt content, polyphenol oxidase, and soil peroxidase showed an increasing trend. Metabolomic analysis of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies distinguished 64 significantly different metabolites between the GCK and GT groups, with 39 components having markedly higher relative contents in GCK and 25 components having significantly lower relative contents in GCK compared to GT. Moreover, among these metabolites, there were more types with higher contents in the fruiting bodies harvested in the first year (GCK) compared to those harvested in the second year (GT), with pronounced differences. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that GCK exhibited more complex metabolic pathways compared to GT. The metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies were predominantly influenced by soil physicochemical factors and soil enzyme activity. In the surface soil layer (0-15 cm), the metabolome was significantly affected by soil pH, soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and soil alkaline phosphatase, while in the deeper soil layer (15-30 cm), differences in the Ganoderma lucidum metabolome were more influenced by soil alkaline phosphatase, soil catalase, pH, nitrate nitrogen, and soil sucrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Wenying Su
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China
| | - Yipu Wang
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China
| | - Kelong Chen
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China.
- National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Qinghai Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Qinghai, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Haibei, 812300, China.
| | - Likai Ren
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222006, China.
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Ahmad MF, Ahmad FA, Hasan N, Alsayegh AA, Hakami O, Bantun F, Tasneem S, Alamier WM, Babalghith AO, Aldairi AF, Kambal N, Elbendary EY. Ganoderma lucidum: Multifaceted mechanisms to combat diabetes through polysaccharides and triterpenoids: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131644. [PMID: 38642691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder. Diabetes complications can affect many organs and systems in the body. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) contains various compounds that have been studied for their potential antidiabetic effects, including polysaccharides, triterpenoids (ganoderic acids, ganoderol B), proteoglycans, and G. lucidum extracts. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) and triterpenoids have been shown to act through distinct mechanisms, such as improving glucose metabolism, modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) system, inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, and protecting the pancreatic beta cells. While GLPs exhibit a significant role in controlling diabetic nephropathy and other associated complications. This review states the G. lucidum antidiabetic mechanisms of action and potential biologically active compounds that contribute to diabetes management and associated complications. To make G. lucidum an appropriate replacement for the treatment of diabetes with fewer side effects, more study is required to completely comprehend the number of physiologically active compounds present in it as well as the underlying cellular mechanisms that influence their effects on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, School of Engineering and Science, G.D Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Nazim Hasan
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology research unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Hakami
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology research unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Tasneem
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed M Alamier
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology research unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Aldairi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Kambal
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Y Elbendary
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Peng G, Xiong C, Zeng X, Jin Y, Huang W. Exploring Nutrient Profiles, Phytochemical Composition, and the Antiproliferative Activity of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma leucocontextum: A Comprehensive Comparative Study. Foods 2024; 13:614. [PMID: 38397591 PMCID: PMC10888466 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma, often hailed as a holistic "health package", comprises an array of nutritional components and active compounds, contributing to its esteemed status in the realm of healthy foods. In this study, a comprehensive analysis was performed to elucidate the diverse nutritional profiles, bioactive components, and antiproliferative activities between two Ganoderma species: G. lucidum (GLU) and G. leucocontextum (GLE). The results showed that GLE possessed a higher level of nutritional constituents, except for dietary fiber. Fatty acid analysis revealed comparable profiles rich in unsaturated fatty acids for both species. The ethanol extract of GLU and GLE exhibited potent antioxidant capabilities and remarkable inhibition of tumor cell proliferation via apoptosis induction, with greater potency in GLE. The heightened triterpene levels in GLE potentially contribute to its augmented antitumoral effects. The exploration emphasized the significance of comprehending the varied chemical compositions of Ganoderma species, providing insights into their potential health benefits applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqin Peng
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, China; (G.P.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Chuan Xiong
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, China; (G.P.)
| | - Xianfu Zeng
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Jin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, China; (G.P.)
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7
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Ahmad MF, A. Alsayegh A, Ahmad FA, Akhtar MS, Alavudeen SS, Bantun F, Wahab S, Ahmed A, Ali M, Elbendary EY, Raposo A, Kambal N, H. Abdelrahman M. Ganoderma lucidum: Insight into antimicrobial and antioxidant properties with development of secondary metabolites. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25607. [PMID: 38356540 PMCID: PMC10865332 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a versatile mushroom. Polysaccharides and triterpenoids are the major bioactive compounds and have been used as traditional medicinal mushrooms since ancient times. They are currently used as nutraceuticals and functional foods. G. lucidum extracts and their bioactive compounds have been used as an alternative to antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Secondary metabolites with many medicinal properties make it a possible substitute that could be applied as immunomodulatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic. The miraculous properties of secondary metabolites fascinate researchers for their development and production. Recent studies have paid close attention to the different physical, genetic, biochemical, and nutritional parameters that potentiate the production of secondary metabolites. This review is an effort to collect biologically active constituents from G. lucidum that reveal potential actions against diseases with the latest improvement in a novel technique to get maximum production of secondary metabolites. Studies are going ahead to determine the efficacy of numerous compounds and assess the valuable properties achieved by G. lucidum in favor of antimicrobial and antioxidant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, School of Engineering and Science, G.D Goenka University, Gru Gram, 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Md Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, AlFara, Abha, 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajudeen S. Alavudeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, AlFara, Abha, 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awais Ahmed
- Department of Management, Shri JJT University, Rajasthan, Post code; 333010, India
| | - M. Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, CBS College of Pharmacy & Technology (Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences), Chandpur, Faridabad, Haryana, 121101, India
| | - Ehab Y. Elbendary
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nahla Kambal
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Abdelrahman
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Cadar E, Negreanu-Pirjol T, Pascale C, Sirbu R, Prasacu I, Negreanu-Pirjol BS, Tomescu CL, Ionescu AM. Natural Bio-Compounds from Ganoderma lucidum and Their Beneficial Biological Actions for Anticancer Application: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1907. [PMID: 38001761 PMCID: PMC10669212 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been known for many centuries in Asian countries under different names, varying depending on the country. The objective of this review is to investigate the scientific research on the natural active bio-compounds in extracts obtained from G. lucidum with significant biological actions in the treatment of cancer. This review presents the classes of bio-compounds existing in G. lucidum that have been reported over time in the main databases and have shown important biological actions in the treatment of cancer. The results highlight the fact that G. lucidum possesses important bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, sterols, proteins, nucleotides, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, which have been demonstrated to exhibit multiple anticancer effects, namely immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, and antioxidant action. The potential health benefits of G. lucidum are systematized based on biological actions. The findings present evidence regarding the lack of certainty about the effects of G. lucidum bio-compounds in treating different forms of cancer, which may be due to the use of different types of Ganoderma formulations, differences in the study populations, or due to drug-disease interactions. In the future, larger clinical trials are needed to clarify the potential benefits of pharmaceutical preparations of G. lucidum, standardized by the known active components in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Cadar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Capitan Aviator Al. Serbanescu Street, No. 6, Campus, Building C, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (E.C.); (B.-S.N.-P.)
| | - Ticuta Negreanu-Pirjol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Capitan Aviator Al. Serbanescu Street, No. 6, Campus, Building C, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (E.C.); (B.-S.N.-P.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Pascale
- Organizing Institution for Doctoral University Studies of “Carol Davila”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest, Dionisie Lupu Street, No. 37, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Rodica Sirbu
- Organizing Institution for Doctoral University Studies of “Carol Davila”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest, Dionisie Lupu Street, No. 37, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Irina Prasacu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest, Traian Vuia Street, No. 6, Sector 2, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan-Stefan Negreanu-Pirjol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Capitan Aviator Al. Serbanescu Street, No. 6, Campus, Building C, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (E.C.); (B.-S.N.-P.)
| | - Cezar Laurentiu Tomescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, University Alley, No. 1, Campus, Building B, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (C.L.T.); (A.-M.I.)
- “Sf. Ap. Andrei” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Tomis Bvd., No. 145, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Ionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, University Alley, No. 1, Campus, Building B, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (C.L.T.); (A.-M.I.)
- Clinical Hospital C F Constanta, 1 Mai Bvd., No. 3–5, 900123 Constanta, Romania
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9
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Sharif Swallah M, Bondzie-Quaye P, Wang H, Shao CS, Hua P, Alrasheed Bashir M, Benjamin Holman J, Sossah FL, Huang Q. Potentialities of Ganoderma lucidum extracts as functional ingredients in food formulation. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113161. [PMID: 37689913 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the recognized therapeutic characteristics of G. lucidum, it is one of the most extensively researched mushrooms as a chemopreventive agent and as a functional food. It is a known wood-degrading basidiomycete possessing numerous pharmacological functions and is termed a natural pharmacy store due to its rich number of active compounds which have proved to portray numerous therapeutic properties. This current review highlights studies on the potentialities of G. lucidum extracts as functional ingredients on organoleptic and nutritional properties of food products (e.g., dairy, wine, beverage, bakery, meat, and other products). In addition, the study delved into various aspects of encapsulated G. lucidum extracts, their morphological and rheological characteristics, prebiotic and immunomodulatory importance, the effects on apoptosis, autophagy, cancer therapy, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, antioxidant activities, and safety concerns. These findings have significant implications for the development of new products in the food and pharmaceutical industries. On the other hand, the various active compounds extracted from G. lucidum exhibited no toxic or adverse effects, and the appeal for it as a dietary food, natural remedy, and health-fortifying food is drastically increasing as well as attracting the interest of both the industrial and scientific communities. Furthermore, the formation of functional foods based on G. lucidum appears to have actual promise and exciting prospects in nutrition, food, and pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Precious Bondzie-Quaye
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Shao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Pei Hua
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mona Alrasheed Bashir
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Joseph Benjamin Holman
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Frederick Leo Sossah
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Oil Palm Research Institute, Coconut Research Programme, P.O. Box 245, Sekondi, Ghana
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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10
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Erbiai EH, Amina B, Kaoutar A, Saidi R, Lamrani Z, Pinto E, Esteves da Silva JCG, Maouni A, Pinto da Silva L. Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties of the Wild Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum Growing in Northern Moroccan Forests. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051217. [PMID: 37240862 DOI: 10.3390/life13051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is an extensively famous medicinal mushroom distributed worldwide. Despite being widely grown in Moroccan forests, there are no studies on its nutritional, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values. Herein, the objective of this study was to investigate the chemical characterization and antimicrobial properties of G. lucidum methanolic extract. Total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, ascorbic acid and carotenoid contents were determined by spectrophotometry. The results revealed that the most prevalent bioactive compounds were phenolics and flavonoids, with total values of 154.60 mg GAE/g of dry methanolic extract (dme) and 60.55 mg CE/mg of dme, respectively. A GC-MS analysis identified 80 biologically active molecules, which were mainly divided into the following major groups: sugars (49.49%), organic acids (8.89%), fatty acids (7.75%), amino acids (7.44%), steroids (7.32%), polyphenols (5.92%), and others (13.16%). Additionally, 22 individual phenolic compounds were identified and quantified using HPLC-MS, with emphasis on kaempferol (1714 µg/g of dry weight (dw)), apigenin (1955 µg/g dw) and quercetin (947.2 µg/g dw). The methanolic extract of G. lucidum indicated strong antioxidant capacity by means of the following: DPPH radical-scavenging activity (53.7 µg/mL), β-carotene/linoleate assay (43.75 µg/mL), and reducing power assay (76.62 µg/mL). Furthermore, the extract exhibited potent antimicrobial properties against seven human pathogenic microorganisms, including two bacteria and five fungal strains, at concentrations ranging from 1 to 16 mg/mL. The most sensitive pathogen was Epidermophyton floccosum (MIC = MFC = 1 mg/mL), while Aspergillus fumigatus was the most resistant one (MIC = 16 mg/mL and MFC ≥ 16 mg/mL). Overall, our findings demonstrated valuable nutritional and bioactive compound attributes, and potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, of G. lucidum growing in Moroccan forests. Moreover, these findings suggest that the Moroccan mushroom can be extremely useful for the food and medicinal industries to positively affect socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Hadi Erbiai
- Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development Laboratory, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Sciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Benoutman Amina
- Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development Laboratory, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Abbassi Kaoutar
- Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development Laboratory, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Rabah Saidi
- Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development Laboratory, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Zouhaire Lamrani
- Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development Laboratory, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joaquim C G Esteves da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Sciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Abdelfettah Maouni
- Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development Laboratory, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Sciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Dávila Giraldo LR, Pérez Jaramillo CC, Méndez Arteaga JJ, Murillo-Arango W. Nutritional Value and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Wild Macrofungi. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1158. [PMID: 37317132 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrofungi are among the most promising sources of biologically active natural products with nutritional qualities and therapeutic values. In this work, the nutritional value of nine species of wild macrofungi from Ibague-Tolima (Colombia) was evaluated. In addition the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of an ethanol:water (70:30) extract of wild basidiomata were evaluated. The wild mushrooms' nutritional potential showed that the genus Pleurotus and Lentinus have the best protein percentages, with 18.4% and 18.5%. The nine extracts evaluated managed to stabilize the two radicals evaluated; however, lower IC50 was found for Phellinus gilvus and Ganoderma australe extracts. The results showed that Trametes coccinea, Pleurotus floridanus and Ganoderma australe extracts were the most effective as antimicrobials, with high inhibition percentages against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antifungal activity results against Rhizopus oryzae, Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus niger showed that the nine extracts were effective at the concentrations tested. Considering cell viability against isolated leukocytes, seven of the nine extracts showed percentages higher than 50% of cell viability. This research describes the nutritional value of nine wild macrofungi in Colombia and their potential for antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Rocío Dávila Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales, GIPRONUT, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730006, Colombia
- Laboratorio Socio-Jurídico en Creación e Innovación-IusLab, Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730006, Colombia
| | | | - Jonh Jairo Méndez Arteaga
- Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales, GIPRONUT, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730006, Colombia
| | - Walter Murillo-Arango
- Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales, GIPRONUT, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730006, Colombia
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12
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Ahmad MF, Ahmad FA, Zeyaullah M, Alsayegh AA, Mahmood SE, AlShahrani AM, Khan MS, Shama E, Hamouda A, Elbendary EY, Attia KAHA. Ganoderma lucidum: Novel Insight into Hepatoprotective Potential with Mechanisms of Action. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081874. [PMID: 37111092 PMCID: PMC10146730 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been widely used for its health benefits as an edible and traditional medicinal mushroom for thousands of years in Asian countries. It is currently used as a nutraceutical and functional food owing to its major bioactive compounds, polysaccharides and triterpenoids. G. lucidum exhibits a broad range of hepatoprotective impacts in various liver disorders, such as hepatic cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol-induced liver disease, hepatitis B, hepatic fibrosis, and liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and α-amanitin. G. lucidum protects the liver through a broad range of mechanisms that include the modulation of liver Phase I and II enzymes, the suppression of β-glucuronidase, antifibrotic and antiviral actions, the regulation of the production of nitric oxide (NO), the maintenance of hepatocellular calcium homeostasis, immunomodulatory activity, and scavenging free radicals. G. lucidum could signify an encouraging approach for the management of various chronic hepatopathies, and its potential mechanisms make it a distinctive agent when used alone or with other drugs and applied as a functional food, nutraceutical supplement, or adjuvant to modern medicine. This review summarizes the hepatoprotective properties of G. lucidum with its various mechanisms of action on different liver ailments. Biologically active substances derived from G. lucidum are still being studied for their potential benefits in treating different liver ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad
- Department Forensic Science, School of Engineering and Science, G.D Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Md Zeyaullah
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Esam Mahmood
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M AlShahrani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Suhail Khan
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Shama
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshaimaa Hamouda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Y Elbendary
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kandil Abdel Hai Ali Attia
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Ekiz E, Oz E, Abd El-Aty AM, Proestos C, Brennan C, Zeng M, Tomasevic I, Elobeid T, Çadırcı K, Bayrak M, Oz F. Exploring the Potential Medicinal Benefits of Ganoderma lucidum: From Metabolic Disorders to Coronavirus Infections. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071512. [PMID: 37048331 PMCID: PMC10094145 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom that has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for centuries. It has been found to have a wide range of medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting effects. Recent research has focused on the potential benefits of G. lucidum in treating metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, as well as its possible role in preventing and treating infections caused by the coronavirus. Triterpenoids are a major group of bioactive compounds found in G. lucidum, and they have a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These compounds have been found to improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels in animal models of diabetes. Additionally, G. lucidum polysaccharides have been found to reduce bodyweight and improve glucose metabolism in animal models of obesity. These polysaccharides can also help to increase the activity of certain white blood cells, which play a critical role in the body’s immune response. For coronavirus, some in vitro studies have shown that G. lucidum polysaccharides and triterpenoids have the potential to inhibit coronavirus infection; however, these results have not been validated through clinical trials. Therefore, it would be premature to draw any definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of G. lucidum in preventing or treating coronavirus infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ekiz
- Department of Food Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Emel Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Charles Brennan
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Igor Tomasevic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- The German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL) Professor-von-Klitzing-Straße 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Tahra Elobeid
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Kenan Çadırcı
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Muharrem Bayrak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
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14
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Duarte CN, Taofiq O, Dias MI, Heleno SA, Santos-Buelga C, Barros L, Amaral JS. Chemical Characterization and Bioactive Properties of Wine Lees and Diatomaceous Earth towards the Valorization of Underexploited Residues as Potential Cosmeceuticals. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Annually, wine production is responsible for generating large quantities of residues, which are frequently disposed of and not valorized. So far, different studies have been conducted on grape pomace, yet less attention has been paid to other residues, such as wine lees and diatomaceous earth used in wine filtration. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the phenolic profile of these underexploited winemaking residues and assess their biological potential based on their antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anti-aging activities (inhibition of tyrosinase and collagenase). Twenty-nine phenolic compounds, including twelve anthocyanins, were tentatively identified in the residues, with red grape pomace showing the highest diversity of compounds. The diatomaceous earth presented the highest content of non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds, being particularly rich in flavan-3-ols and myricetin-O-hexoside, and also presenting two anthocyanins. This sample also showed a high antioxidant activity, evidencing the best result in the reducing power assay. The red wine lees extract, despite showing a low content of phenolic compounds and less antioxidant activity, presented the highest inhibition capacity of bacteria growth. The extracts did not exhibit cytotoxicity against keratinocyte (up to 400 μg/mL) and fibroblast (up to 100 μg/mL) skin cell lines. However, the capacity of inhibiting tyrosinase and collagenase was low for the lees and diatomaceous earth, contrary to the grape pomace, seeds, and skins extracts that showed promising results, evidencing its potential as a cosmeceutical. Overall, this study highlights for the first time the potential of diatomaceous earth, an underexploited winemaking waste, in the obtention of added-value extracts and/or ingredients for cosmetic industry.
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15
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Szydłowska-Tutaj M, Szymanowska U, Tutaj K, Domagała D, Złotek U. The Addition of Reishi and Lion’s Mane Mushroom Powder to Pasta Influences the Content of Bioactive Compounds and the Antioxidant, Potential Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Properties of Pasta. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030738. [PMID: 36978986 PMCID: PMC10044984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of a 2.5% and 5% addition of dried Reishi and Lion’s Mane mushrooms on the content of bioactive compounds and some pro-health properties of pasta was studied. In samples subjected to gastrointestinal digestion, the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant, potential anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties were significantly higher. The qualitative–quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds performed using the LC-MS/MS technique indicated that the Reishi-enriched pasta was characterized by a higher content of syringic (R2.5 sample), while pasta supplemented with Lion’ Mane had a higher content of vanillin in relation to the control pasta. In the case of ethanolic extracts, samples supplemented with the Reishi mushrooms (R5 sample) were characterized by higher ABTS antiradical properties and a reducing power while the sample supplemented with Lion’s Mane (L5 sample) had a higher ability to inhibit lipoxygenase in relation to the control sample. In conclusion, the results suggest that Reishi and Lion’s Mane mushroom powder can be used for the fortification of semolina pasta, conferring slightly healthier characteristics of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szydłowska-Tutaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
- PZZ Lubella GMW Sp. z o.o., Wrotkowska Str. 1, 20-469 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Szymanowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tutaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Str. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Domagała
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka Str. 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Złotek
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-4623328; Fax: +48-81-4623324
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16
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Swallah MS, Bondzie-Quaye P, Wu Y, Acheampong A, Sossah FL, Elsherbiny SM, Huang Q. Therapeutic potential and nutritional significance of Ganoderma lucidum - a comprehensive review from 2010 to 2022. Food Funct 2023; 14:1812-1838. [PMID: 36734035 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01683d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
With a long history in traditional Asian medicine, Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a mushroom species suggested to improve health and extend life. Its medicinal reputation has merited it with numerous attributes and titles, and it is evidenced to be effective in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic disorders owing to its unique source of bioactive metabolites, primarily polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and polyphenols, attributed with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic activities, etc. These unique potential pharmaceutical properties have led to its demand as an important resource of nutrient supplements in the food industry. It is reported that the variety of therapeutic/pharmacological properties was mainly due to its extensive prebiotic and immunomodulatory functions. All literature summarized in this study was collated based on a systematic review of electronic libraries (PubMed, Scopus databases, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar) from 2010-2022. This review presents an updated and comprehensive summary of the studies on the immunomodulatory therapies and nutritional significance of G. lucidum, with the focus on recent advances in defining its immunobiological mechanisms and the possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries for the prevention and management of chronic diseases. In addition, toxicological evidence and the adoption of standard pharmaceutical methods for the safety assessment, quality assurance, and efficacy testing of G. lucidum-derived compounds will be the gateway to bringing them into health establishments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. .,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Precious Bondzie-Quaye
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. .,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yahui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. .,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Adolf Acheampong
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. .,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Frederick Leo Sossah
- Council For Scientific And Industrial Research (CSIR), Oil Palm Research Institute, Coconut Research Programme, P.O.Box 245, Sekondi, Ghana.,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shereen M Elsherbiny
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. .,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 33516, Egypt
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. .,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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17
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Vedernikovs N, Khroustalyova G, Muiznieks I, Rapoport A. New concept for conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol and furfural. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:535-542. [PMID: 36607404 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the chemical mechanisms of furfural formation showed the possibility to apply a new differential catalysis of hemicellulose - its depolymerisation and pentose dehydration to furfural. This change led to the increase in furfural yield and essential decrease of cellulose destruction. The lignocellulose residue that remains after the production of furfural may be subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to glucose and the subsequent fermentation to ethanol. The remaining lignin appeared to be suitable for the production of additional various value-added products including medicinal mushrooms and laccase-containing enzyme complexes. Based on these developments, an innovative concept is proposed for the waste-free use of lignocellulose to obtain various valuable products. KEY POINTS: • New chemical mechanism of furfural production. • New lignocellulose pretreatment does not damage cellulose and lignin. • Lignocellulose may be processed using waste-free technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolajs Vedernikovs
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str., 27, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Galina Khroustalyova
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str., 1-537, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Indrikis Muiznieks
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str., 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Alexander Rapoport
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str., 1-537, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia.
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18
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Rikame TN, Ranawade PS, Mittal SPK, Barvkar VT, Borde MY, Tak RD. Characterization and Biological Studies of the Terpenoids from Ganoderma resinaceum and Serpula similis (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:15-31. [PMID: 37947061 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Mycochemical properties and bioactivities of Ganoderma resinaceum and Serpula similis remain unexplored. The present study assessed antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and cell migration abilities of Ganoderma and Serpula extracts, followed by their phytochemical analyses. The MTT assay was conducted to determine the cytotoxicity along with the cell migration studies in human cancer cell lines. The antioxidant profiles were evaluated through DPPH and FRAP assays. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to elucidate the phytochemicals responsible for anticancer and antioxidant activities. Significant concentration-dependent cytotoxicities of 12.7% and 13.7% were observed against HCT 116 cell lines at 1% and 5% concentrations of the G. resinaceum extract, respectively. Similarly, significant concentration-dependent cytotoxicities of 6.7% and 25.5% were observed at 1% and 5% concentrations of the S. similis extract, respectively. The extracts of G. resinaceum and S. similis both shows better anti-migration potential in lung cancer cells. Both extracts demonstrated good scavenging activity on DPPH and ferric ion free radicals. LC-MS analysis revealed 11 compounds from S. similis and 15 compounds from G. resinaceum fruiting bodies. Compounds such as terpenoids, alkaloids, cytotoxic peptides, and other metabolites were identified as major components in both extracts. These extracts exhibited cytotoxic activity against HCT 116 cancer cells, along with moderate antioxidant activity. This implies that the extracts might be used as bioactive natural sources in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal N Rikame
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar 414001, MH, India
| | - Preeti S Ranawade
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MH, India
| | - Smriti P K Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MH, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MH, India
| | - Mahesh Y Borde
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MH, India
| | - Rajesh D Tak
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar 414001, MH, India
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Badalyan SM, Hayrapetyan SS. Sterols Content of Fruiting Bodies of Medicinal Artist's Bracket Mushroom Ganoderma applanatum (Agaricomycetes) Collected in Armenia. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:65-74. [PMID: 37585317 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023048520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The qualitative analysis of hexane extracts obtained from different trama layers (WT, T1-T4) of dried fruiting bodies of medicinal bracket fungus Ganoderma applanatum collected in the Tavoush region of North-East Armenia was performed by GC-MS analysis. Three sterols [(7.22-ergostadienon, ergosterol and ergosta-14.22-diene-3-ol (3β, 5α, 22E)] have been identified. The results have shown that the content and ratio of sterols differ in analyzed trama samples. The highest amount of sterols was detected in middle parts of T2 and T3 layers, while content of sterols gradually decreased to the upper cortical (T4) and lower hymenial (T1) layers. The chromatographic profiles of identified compounds indicate that different sterols dominated in each layer: 7.22-ergostadienon in T4, ergosterol in T3, T2, and T1. The average weight loss of analyzed trama samples during six days of drying was about 40 wt.% (37.0-43.49 wt.%) of the total weight of basidiome, which decreased up to 5 wt.% in the next two days. The complete extraction of sterols lasted six days. Its further prolongation leads to stationary phase without an increase in the amount of extracted sterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna M Badalyan
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian St., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Sergey S Hayrapetyan
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Yerevan State University, Armenia
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Cör Andrejč D, Knez Ž, Knez Marevci M. Antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and nevro-protective activity of Ganoderma lucidum: An overview. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934982. [PMID: 35935849 PMCID: PMC9353308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a very medicinal mushroom that has been utilized in Oriental medicine for many years. It has a wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic properties, and has been used for many years as a health promoter. It contains various biologically active compounds that improve the immune system and have antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties. Active compounds include triterpenoids and polysaccharides, as well as proteins, lipids, phenolics, sterols, etc. In the following review, we summarize briefly their biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory activity. Although Ganoderma has a number of medicinal effects that have been confirmed by the in vitro and in vivo studies summarised in this review, there are some limitations. Clinical trials face mainly a lack of pure constituents. Accurate identification of the compounds obtained is also problematic. In addition, most of the included studies were small, and there were concerns about the methodological quality of each study. Studies have shown that Ganoderma has valuable potential for the prevention and treatment of cancer. In any case, G. lucidum cannot be used as first-line therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Željko Knez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Maribor, Slovenia.,Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
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21
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Dat TD, Viet ND, Thanh VH, Nhi HND, Linh NTT, Ngan NTK, Nam HM, Thanh Phong M, Hieu NH. Optimization of Triterpenoid Extracted from Vietnamese Ganoderma lucidum via Supercritical Extraction Method and Biological Tests. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2032750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Do Dat
- Vnu-hcmc Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key Cepp Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCm), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Viet
- Vnu-hcmc Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key Cepp Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCm), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vuong Hoai Thanh
- Vnu-hcmc Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key Cepp Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCm), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ho Nguyen Dieu Nhi
- Vnu-hcmc Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key Cepp Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCm), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Thi Thuy Linh
- Vnu-hcmc Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key Cepp Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCm), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan
- Vnu-hcmc Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key Cepp Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCm), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Nam
- Vnu-hcmc Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key Cepp Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCm), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mai Thanh Phong
- Vnu-hcmc Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key Cepp Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCm), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Hieu
- Vnu-hcmc Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key Cepp Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCm), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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22
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Shao W, Xiao C, Yong T, Zhang Y, Hu H, Xie T, Liu R, Huang L, Li X, Xie Y, Zhang J, Chen S, Cai M, Chen D, Liu Y, Gao X, Wu Q. A polysaccharide isolated from Ganoderma lucidum ameliorates hyperglycemia through modulating gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 197:23-38. [PMID: 34920067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we reported a thermal stable and non-toxic heteropolysaccharide F31, which decreased the blood glucose of diabetic mice (21.75 mmol/L) induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) to 12.56 and 15.18 mmol/L (P < 0.01) at 180 and 60 mg/kg, depicting remarkable hypoglycemic effects of 42.25 and 30.21%. Moreover, F31 repaired islet cells and increased insulin secretion, promoted the synthesis and storage of glycogen in liver and improved activities of antioxidant enzymes and insulin resistances, declining HOMA-IR (43.77 mmol/mU) of diabetic mice (P < 0.01) to 17.32 and 20.96 mmol/mU at both doses. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that F31 significantly decreased Firmicutes (44.92%, P < 0.01) and enhanced Bacteroidetes (33.73%, P < 0.01) and then increased B/F ratio of diabetic mice to 0.6969 (P < 0.01), even being close to normal control (P = 0.9579). F31 enriched Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae, which may relieve glucose, insulin resistance and inflammation through decreasing the release of endotoxins into the circulation from intestine, carbohydrate fermentation in gut and activation of the intestine-brain axis. Functionally, F31 improved metabolism of gut microbiota to a normal state. These results may provide novel insights into the beneficial effect of F31 against hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Shao
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; Jiaoling Tiehan Big Health Industry Investment Co., Ltd., Jiaoling 514100, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqiao Yong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Rongjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Longhua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Manjun Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Diling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yuanchao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
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23
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Pharmacokinetic, Metabolomic, and Stability Assessment of Ganoderic Acid H Based Triterpenoid Enriched Fraction of Ganoderma lucidum P. Karst. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020097. [PMID: 35208173 PMCID: PMC8876931 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum P. karst is an edible fungus that is used in traditional medicine and contains triterpenoids as the major phytoconstituents. Ganoderic acids are the most abundant triterpenoids that showed pharmacological activity. As Indian varieties contain ganoderic acid H (GA-H), we aimed to prepare GA-H-based triterpenoid enriched fraction (TEF) and evaluated its pharmacokinetics, metabolomics, and stability analysis. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to quantify GA-H in TEF and rat plasma. Based on GA-H content, a stability assessment and pharmacokinetic study of TEF were also performed. After its oral administration to rats, TEF’s the metabolic pattern recognition was performed through ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (UPLC–MS). The developed HPLC method was found to be simple, sensitive, precise (<15%), and accurate (>90% recovery) for the quantification of GA-H. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that GA-H reached its maximum plasma concentration (Cmax 2509.9 ng/mL) within two hours and sustained quantifiable amount up to 12 h with a low elimination rate (Kel) 0.05 L/h. TEF contained ten bioavailable constituents. The prepared TEF was found to be stable for up to one year at room temperature. The prepared TEF, enriched with ganoderic acid, is stable, contains bioavailable constituents, and can be explored as phytopharmaceuticals for different pharmacological properties. Highlights: (1). Preparation of triterpenoid enriched fraction (TEF) from Ganoderma lucidum. (2). Major triterpenoid in TEF is ganoderic acid H (GA-H). (3). TEF contains several bioavailable phytoconstituents. (4). TEF (considering only GA-H) is stable for up to one year at room temperature. (5). GA-H is rapidly absorbed and has high systemic exposure.
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24
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Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Zengin G, Gunia-Krzyżak A, Popiół J, Szewczyk A, Jaszek M, Rogalski J, Muszyńska B. Bioactivity and Mycochemical Profile of Extracts from Mycelial Cultures of Ganoderma spp. Molecules 2022; 27:275. [PMID: 35011507 PMCID: PMC8746335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal mycelium cultures are an alternative to natural sources in order to obtain valuable research materials. They also enable constant control and adaptation of the process, thereby leading to increased biomass growth and accumulation of bioactive metabolites. The present study aims to assess the biosynthetic potential of mycelial cultures of six Ganoderma species: G. adspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. lucidum, G. pfeifferi, and G. resinaceum. The presence of phenolic acids, amino acids, indole compounds, sterols, and kojic acid in biomass extracts was determined by HPLC. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the extracts and their effects on the inhibition of selected enzymes (tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase) were also evaluated. The total content of phenolic acids in the extracts ranged from 5.8 (G. carnosum) to 114.07 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) (G. pfeifferi). The total content of indole compounds in the extracts ranged from 3.03 (G. carnosum) to 11.56 mg/100 g d.w. (G. lucidum) and that of ergosterol ranged from 28.15 (G. applanatum) to 74.78 mg/100 g d.w. (G. adspersum). Kojic acid was found in the extracts of G. applanatum and G. lucidum. The tested extracts showed significant antioxidant activity. The results suggest that the analyzed mycelial cultures are promising candidates for the development of new dietary supplements or pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Justyna Popiół
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Magdalena Jaszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Jerzy Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (B.M.)
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25
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Yamashina K, Yamamoto S, Matsumoto M, Iwasa K, Takeda N, Haruta C, Maruyama K, Shimizu K, Yoshikawa K. Suppressive Effect of Fruiting Bodies of Medicinal Mushrooms on Demyelination and Motor Dysfunction in a Cuprizone-Induced Multiple Sclerosis Mouse Model. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:15-24. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022044840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Khoo SC, Ma NL, Peng WX, Ng KK, Goh MS, Chen HL, Tan SH, Lee CH, Luang-In V, Sonne C. Valorisation of biomass and diaper waste into a sustainable production of the medical mushroom Lingzhi Ganoderma lucidum. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131477. [PMID: 34303046 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global solid waste is expected to increase by at least 70% annually until year 2050. The mixture of solid waste including food waste from food industry and domestic diaper waste in landfills is causing environmental and human health issues. Nevertheless, food and diaper waste containing high lignocellulose can easily degrade using lignocellulolytic enzymes thereby converted into energy for the development and growth of mushroom. Therefore, this study explores the potential of recycling biomass waste from coffee ground, banana, eggshell, tea waste, sugarcane bagasse and sawdust and diaper waste as raw material for Lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) cultivation. Using 2% of diaper core with sawdust biowaste leading to the fastest 100% mushroom mycelium spreading completed in one month. The highest production yield is 71.45 g mushroom; this represents about 36% production biological efficiency compared to only 21% as in commercial substrate. The high mushroom substrate reduction of 73% reflect the valorisation of landfill waste. The metabolomics profiling showed that the Lingzhi mushroom produced is of high quality with a high content of triterpene being the bioactive compounds that are medically important for treating assorted disease and used as health supplement. In conclusion, our study proposed a potential resource management towards zero-waste and circular bioeconomy for high profitable mushroom cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Ching Khoo
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Eco-Innovation Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wan Xi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kah Kei Ng
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Meng Shien Goh
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hui Ling Chen
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Suat Hian Tan
- Facutly of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Chia Hau Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Vijitra Luang-In
- Natural Antioxidant Innovation Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Christian Sonne
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Arctic Research Center (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO box 358, DK- 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
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27
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Antifungal Susceptibility of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Fusarium graminearum to Ganoderma lucidum Extract. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.115715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known fungus that has been widely used in traditional medicine around the world, especially in East Asia, due to its various health promotion properties. Recently, researchers have drawn attention to the biologically active compounds found in this fungus, and this fungus has become very popular due to its pharmaceutical properties. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal properties of the Iranian strain of G. lucidum as a natural antifungal agent against harmful filamentous fungi common in the food industry. Methods: Three filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Fusarium graminearum, were used in this study for the antifungal evaluation of ethanolic, hydroalcoholic, and two aqueous extracts of G. lucidum with different concentrations by the broth microdilution method. Results: The results showed that only the ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts completely inhibited the growth of A. flavus at 2 and 3.5 mg/mL, respectively. Also, no antifungal activity was observed for the aqueous extract for all the three studied fungi. In addition, A. flavus was found to be more sensitive to G. lucidum extracts compared to the two other studied fungi. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of G. lucidum was effective on A. flavus and can be used as a natural antifungal agent to prevent the growth of this harmful filamentous fungus.
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28
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Ahmad R, Riaz M, Khan A, Aljamea A, Algheryafi M, Sewaket D, Alqathama A. Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) an edible mushroom; a comprehensive and critical review of its nutritional, cosmeceutical, mycochemical, pharmacological, clinical, and toxicological properties. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6030-6062. [PMID: 34411377 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reishi owes an exceptional value in nutritional, cosmeceutical, and medical treatments; however, none of the studies has provided its future-driven critical assessment. This study documents an up-to-date review (2015-2020, wherever applicable) and provide valuable insights (preclinical and clinical evidence-based) with comprehensive and critical assessments. Various databases 'Google scholar', 'Web of Science', 'ScienceDirect', 'PubMed', 'Springer Link', books, theses, and library resources were used. The taxonomic chaos of G. lucidum and its related species was discussed in detail with solution-oriented emphasis. Reishi contains polysaccharides (α/β-D-glucans), alkaloids, triterpenoids (ganoderic acids, ganoderenic acids, ganoderol, ganoderiol, lucidenic acids), sterols/ergosterol, proteins (LZ-8, LZ-9), nucleosides (adenosine, inosine, uridine), and nucleotides (guanine, adenine). Some active drugs are explored at an optimum level to make them potential drug candidates. The pharmacological potential was observed in diabetes, inflammation, epilepsy, neurodegeneration, cancer, anxiety, sedation, cardiac diseases, depression, hepatic diseases, and immune disorders; however, most of the studies are preclinical with a number of drawbacks. In particular, quality clinical data are intensely needed to support pharmacological activities for human use. The presence of numerous micro-, macro, and trace elements imparts an essential nutritional and cosmeceutical value to Reishi, and various marketed products are available already, but the clinical studies regarding safety and efficacy, interactions with foods/drinks, chronic use, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity are missing for Reishi. Reishi possesses many valuable pharmacological activities, and the number of patents and clinical trials is increasing for Reishi. Yet, a gap in research exists for Reishi, which is discussed in detail in the forthcoming sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir, Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir (U), Pakistan
| | - Aslam Khan
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Health Professions, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Aljamea
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Algheryafi
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deya Sewaket
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljawharah Alqathama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Liu TT, Zhong JJ. Impact of oxygen supply on production of a novel ganoderic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kerezoudi EN, Mitsou EK, Gioti K, Terzi E, Avgousti I, Panagiotou A, Koutrotsios G, Zervakis GI, Mountzouris KC, Tenta R, Kyriacou A. Fermentation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms and their extracts by the gut microbiota of healthy and osteopenic women: potential prebiotic effect and impact of mushroom fermentation products on human osteoblasts. Food Funct 2021; 12:1529-1546. [PMID: 33521800 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent data have highlighted the role of the gut microbiota and its several metabolites in maintaining bone health. Thus, gut microbiota manipulation, e.g., by prebiotics, might offer a plausible target in the fight against bone degenerative diseases. This study aimed (a) to investigate the in vitro prebiotic potential of Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms in healthy and osteopenic women and (b) to explore the impact of mushroom fermentation products on human osteoblasts. G. lucidum LGAM 9720 and P. ostreatus IK 1123 lyophilized mushroom-powders (2% w/v) and their hot-water extracts (1% w/v) were fermented in a 24 h static batch culture model by using faecal inocula from healthy (n = 3) or osteopenic (n = 3) donors. Gut microbiota analysis (qPCR) and measurement of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were performed during fermentation, and 24 h-prebiotic indexes were calculated. Evaluation of the effects of fermentation products on bone metabolism parameters (OPG: osteoprotegerin; and RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand) in osteoblast cultures was also performed. Our data suggest that the origin of the gut microbiota inoculum plays a major role in the viability of osteoblasts. The treatments using P. ostreatus mushroom-powder and G. lucidum mushroom-extract had positive effects based on gut microbiota and SCFA analyses. Both mushrooms exhibited lower RANKL levels compared to controls, whereas their extracts tended to enhance the osteoblastic activity. In conclusion, mushrooms that are rich in beta-glucans may exert beneficial in vitro effects on bone physiology by alterations in the gut microbiota and/or SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evdokia K Mitsou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Katerina Gioti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eirini Terzi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ifigeneia Avgousti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Georgios Koutrotsios
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios I Zervakis
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Roxane Tenta
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Adamantini Kyriacou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
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Antiproliferative and antibacterial activity of extracts of Ganoderma strains grown in vitro. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:711-721. [PMID: 34123467 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this bioprospecting study the biological activities of extracts of the in vitro culture of Ganoderma Mexican strains were evaluated. The extracts were tested by the Sulforhodamine B staining method for antiproliferative activity and the plate microdilution method for antibacterial activity. Extracts that proved bioactive in these two activities, the antioxidant activity (Galvinoxyl, ABTS, and DPPH) and total phenolic contents (Folin-Ciocalteu) were additionally determined, as well as acute toxicity (Artemia franciscana). In the antiproliferative activity Ganoderma curtisii strain (GH-16-015) obtained a remarkable value of GI50 ≤ 50 µg/mL against tumor lines: A549, HBL-100, HeLa, and T-47D. G. curtisii strains (GH-16-012 and GH-16-015) showed MIC values = 500 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. G. curtisii strain (GH-16-012) almost reduced by 50% the radical Galvinoxyl. Finally, G. curtisii strain (GH-16-023) presented the lowest level of toxicity with a LC50 of 490.881 µg/mL against A. franciscana. These results support the potential medicinal effects of Mexican strains of G. curtisii.
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Kumar H, Bhardwaj K, Sharma R, Nepovimova E, Cruz-Martins N, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Chopra C, Verma R, Abd-Elsalam KA, Tapwal A, Musilek K, Kumar D, Kuča K. Potential Usage of Edible Mushrooms and Their Residues to Retrieve Valuable Supplies for Industrial Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:427. [PMID: 34071432 PMCID: PMC8226799 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the food and agricultural sectors are concerned about environmental problems caused by raw material waste, and they are looking for strategies to reduce the growing amount of waste disposal. Now, approaches are being explored that could increment and provide value-added products from agricultural waste to contribute to the circular economy and environmental protection. Edible mushrooms have been globally appreciated for their medicinal properties and nutritional value, but during the mushroom production process nearly one-fifth of the mushroom gets wasted. Therefore, improper disposal of mushrooms and untreated residues can cause fungal disease. The residues of edible mushrooms, being rich in sterols, vitamin D2, amino acids, and polysaccharides, among others, makes it underutilized waste. Most of the published literature has primarily focused on the isolation of bioactive components of these edible mushrooms; however, utilization of waste or edible mushrooms themselves, for the production of value-added products, has remained an overlooked area. Waste of edible mushrooms also represents a disposal problem, but they are a rich source of important compounds, owing to their nutritional and functional properties. Researchers have started exploiting edible mushroom by-products/waste for value-added goods with applications in diverse fields. Bioactive compounds obtained from edible mushrooms are being used in media production and skincare formulations. Furthermore, diverse applications from edible mushrooms are also being explored, including the synthesis of biosorbent, biochar, edible films/coating, probiotics, nanoparticles and cosmetic products. The primary intent of this review is to summarize the information related to edible mushrooms and their valorization in developing value-added products with industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (H.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (H.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (D.S.D.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (D.S.D.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (D.S.D.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Plant Pathology Research Institute, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Ashwani Tapwal
- Forest Protection Division, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla 171013, India;
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (H.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (K.M.)
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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The association between testicular toxicity induced by Li2Co3 and protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum: Alteration of Bax & c-Kit genes expression. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101552. [PMID: 33992978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum has received a lot of attention recently due to its medicinal potential activities. The aim of this designed experiment was to evaluate the beneficial effects of Ganoderma lucidum extract against lithium carbonate induced testicular toxicity and related lesions in mice testis. For this purpose, lithium carbonate at a dose of 30 mg/kg, followed by 75, 150 mg/kg Ganoderma lucidum extract orally were administered for 35 days. The results were obtained from Ganoderma lucidum extract analysis prove contained a large amount of polysaccharides, triterpenoids and poly phenols based on spectrophotometric assay. Also, DPPH assay for Ganoderma lucidum extract showed high level of radical scavenging activity. The hematoxylin & eosin cross section from lithium carbonate treated group exhibited significant alterations in seminiferous tubules. Moreover, lithium carbonate induced oxidative stress via lipid peroxidation and generate MDA (P < 0.001). In addition, lithium carbonate initiated germ cells apoptosis via increase Bax expression (p < 0.001) and reduce germ cells differentiation through down-regulation of c-Kit expression (p < 0.05). Results from CASA showed that sperm parameters like count, motility and viability significantly decreased in lithium treated group (p < 0.001). It is clear that lithium carbonate induce severe damage on male reproductive system and histopathological damages via generation oxidative stress but supplementation with Ganoderma lucidum extract exhibited prevention effects and repaired induced damages.
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Dat TD, Viet ND, My PLT, Linh NT, Thanh VH, Linh NTT, Ngan NTK, Linh NTT, Nam HM, Phong MT, Hieu NH. The Application of Ethanolic Ultrasonication to Ameliorate the Triterpenoid Content Extracted from Vietnamese
Ganoderma lucidum
with the Examination by Gas Chromatography. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Do Dat
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab)
| | - Nguyen Duc Viet
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Phan Le Thao My
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab)
| | - Nguyen Thi Linh
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab)
| | - Vuong Hoai Thanh
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab)
| | - Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab)
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab)
| | - Ngo Thi Thuy Linh
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab)
| | - Hoang Minh Nam
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Mai Thanh Phong
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Hieu
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trang Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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Corrêa RCG, Heleno SA, Alves MJ, Ferreira ICFR. Bacterial Resistance: Antibiotics of Last Generation used in Clinical Practice and the Arise of Natural Products as New Therapeutic Alternatives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:815-837. [PMID: 32091328 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200224105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to therapeutical drugs has been a serious issue over the last decades. In fact, the quick development of resistance mechanisms by the microorganisms has been fatal for millions of people around the world, turning into a public health issue. The major cause of the resistance mechanisms is the overuse of antimicrobials. European countries try to implement mechanisms to overcome antimicrobial resistance in the community through the rational use of antimicrobials. The scientific community has been exhaustively dedicated to the discovering of new, safer and efficient drugs, being the exploitation of natural resources, mainly plants and fungi, considered as a hot topic in the field of antimicrobial agents. Innumerous reports have already shown the promising capacity of natural products or molecules extracted from these natural resources, to act as bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents. More importantly, these natural agents present significantly lower harmful effects. Bearing that in mind, this review aims at giving a contribution to the knowledge about the synthetic antibiotics of the last generation. Moreover, it is intended to provide information about the last advances regarding the discovery of new antimicrobial agents. Thus, a compilation of the chemical characteristics, efficiency, harmful outcomes and resistance mechanisms developed by the microorganisms can be consulted in the following sections together with a critical discussion, in line with the recent approaches. Furthermore, modern strategies for the prospection of novel anti-infective compounds for tackling resistant bacteria have been considered as also a current synopsis of plants and mushrooms with relevant antimicrobial potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúbia C G Corrêa
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Braganca, Portugal.,Program of Master in Science, Technology and Food Safety, Cesumar Institute of Science Technology and Innovation (ICETI), University Center of Maringa (UNICESUMAR), Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Sandrina A Heleno
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Braganca, Portugal
| | - Maria J Alves
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Braganca, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Braganca, Portugal
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Abd Razak DL, Jamaluddin A, Abd Rashid NY, Sani NA, Abdul Manan M. Assessment of Cosmeceutical Potentials of Selected Mushroom Fruitbody Extracts Through Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Hyaluronidase and Anti-Tyrosinase Activity. J 2020; 3:329-342. [DOI: 10.3390/j3030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cosmeceutical formulations containing naturally derived active ingredients are currently preferred by consumers worldwide. Mushrooms are one of the potential sources for cosmeceutical ingredients but relevant research is still lacking. In this study, hot- and cold-water extractions were performed on four locally-cultivated mushrooms—Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Auricularia polytricha and Schizophyllum commune—with the aim to assess the cosmeceutical potential of these mushroom fruitbody extracts. Total phenolics, polysaccharide and glucan content were determined. Antioxidant property of the mushroom extracts was assessed by determining the DPPH radical scavenging, ferric-reducing (FRAP) and superoxide anion (SOA) scavenging activity. Anti-hyaluronidase activity was used as an indicator for the anti-aging and anti-inflammatory property, while anti-tyrosinase activity was evaluated to assess the anti-pigmentation or whitening property of these extracts. Our results showed that total polysaccharide content of P. ostreatus extracts was the highest (235.8–253.6 mg GE/g extract), while extracts from G. lucidum contained the lowest glucan (10.12–10.67%). Cold-water extract from S. commune exhibited substantial tyrosinase inhibition activity (98.15%) and SOA scavenging activity (94.82%). The greatest hyaluronidase activity was exhibited by G. lucidum hot-water extract, with the value of 72.78%. The findings from the correlation analyses suggest that the cosmeceutical properties of these mushrooms can be attributed mainly to the combination of different types of compound such as polysaccharides and phenolics. Overall, cold-water extract of S. commune and hot-water extract of G. lucidum showed the best results and may be further investigated.
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Ganoderma lucidum Ethanol Extracts Enhance Re-Epithelialization and Prevent Keratinocytes from Free-Radical Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090224. [PMID: 32872510 PMCID: PMC7557611 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum or Reishi is recognized as the most potent adaptogen present in nature, and its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities are well known. Moreover, lately, there has been an increasing interest from pharmaceutical companies in antiaging G. lucidum-extract-based formulations. Nevertheless, the pharmacological mechanisms of such adaptogenic and regenerative actions remain unclear. The present investigation aimed to explore its molecular and cellular effects in vitro in epidermal keratinocyte cultures by applying liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) for analysis of ethanol extracts using ganoderic acid-A as a reference compound. The G. lucidum extract showed a keratinocyte proliferation induction accompanied by an increase of cyclic kinase protein expressions, such as CDK2 and CDK6. Furthermore, a noteworthy migration rate increase and activation of tissue remodelling factors, such as matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9), were observed. Finally, the extract showed an antioxidant effect, protecting from H2O2-induced cytotoxicity; preventing activation of AKT (protein kinase B), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), p53 and p21; and reducing the number of apoptotic cells. Our study paves the path for elucidating pharmacological properties of G. lucidum and its potential development as cosmeceutical skin products, providing the first evidence of its capability to accelerate the healing processes enhancing re-epithelialization and to protect cells from free-radical action.
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Antunes F, Marçal S, Taofiq O, M. M. B. Morais A, Freitas AC, C. F. R. Ferreira I, Pintado M. Valorization of Mushroom By-Products as a Source of Value-Added Compounds and Potential Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112672. [PMID: 32526879 PMCID: PMC7321189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the food sector is highly concerned with environmental issues and foreseen to develop strategies to reduce waste and losses resulting from activities developed in the food system. An approach is to increment added value to the agro-industrial wastes, which might provide economic growth and environmental protection, contributing to a circular economy. Mushroom by-products represent a disposal problem, but they are also promising sources of important compounds, which may be used due to their functional and nutritional properties. Research has been developed in different fields to obtain value added solutions for the by-products generated during mushroom production and processing. Bioactive compounds have been obtained and applied in the development of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, other applications have been explored and include animal feed, fertilizer, bioremediation, energy production, bio-based materials, cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the relevant composition of mushroom by-products and discuss their potential as a source of functional compounds and other applications. Future research needs to explore pilot and industrial scale extraction methods to understand the technological feasibility and the economic sustainability of the bioactive compounds extraction and valorization towards different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Antunes
- CBQF–Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.); (S.M.); (A.M.M.B.M.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Sara Marçal
- CBQF–Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.); (S.M.); (A.M.M.B.M.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Oludemi Taofiq
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (O.T.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Alcina M. M. B. Morais
- CBQF–Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.); (S.M.); (A.M.M.B.M.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Ana Cristina Freitas
- CBQF–Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.); (S.M.); (A.M.M.B.M.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (O.T.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF–Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.); (S.M.); (A.M.M.B.M.); (A.C.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Ismail Iid I, Kumar S, Shukla S, Kumar V, Sharma R. Putative antidiabetic herbal food ingredients: Nutra/functional properties, bioavailability and effect on metabolic pathways. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Luz C, Rodriguez L, Romano R, Mañes J, Meca G. A natural strategy to improve the shelf life of the loaf bread against toxigenic fungi: The employment of fermented whey powder. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Luz
- Faculty of Pharmacy Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology University of Valencia Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n 46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Lorena Rodriguez
- Instituto Tecnológico del Plástico (AIMPLAS) València Parc Tecnològic 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agriculture University of Napoli Federico II Via Università, 100 80055 Portici (Napoli) Italy
| | - Jorge Mañes
- Faculty of Pharmacy Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology University of Valencia Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n 46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Giuseppe Meca
- Faculty of Pharmacy Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology University of Valencia Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n 46100 Burjassot Spain
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41
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Taofiq O, Rodrigues F, Barros L, Peralta RM, Barreiro MF, Ferreira ICFR, Oliveira MBPP. Agaricus blazei Murrill from Brazil: an ingredient for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications. Food Funct 2019; 10:565-572. [PMID: 30702105 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02461h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Operations for sorting mushrooms at the industrial level usually generate large amounts of bio-residues not conforming to strict morphological criteria for commercial purposes, even though their biological content is not compromised. In this context, the present work aimed at evaluating the potential for reutilizing industrially discarded Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM). Thus, the content of essential nutrients and the chemical composition were determined, and MTT and LDH assays were used to evaluate the viability and cell death of Caco-2 and HT29 cell lines of an ethanolic extract prepared from ABM (preliminary safety tests for nutraceutical applications). The extract was incorporated into a semi-solid base cosmetic cream and cell viability effects of the extract, and of the final cream formulation, on a keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) were studied (preliminary safety tests for cosmeceutical applications). Essential nutrients, such as proteins and carbohydrates, and a low fat content were determined for ABM. Twenty-two fatty acids were detected, with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (∼53%) being the most abundant fraction. The cell viabilities of Caco-2 and HT29 cells were maintained up to 100 μg mL-1. After incorporation into the base cream, a formulation with a pale yellow colour and favourable pH was obtained. The cell viability of HaCaT cells in the presence of the extract and the final cream formulation was maintained in a concentration dependent manner, which indicates the safety of this extract for cosmeceutical applications. The results suggest that ABM residues can be used as an inexpensive and sustainable source of nutraceutical and cosmeceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludemi Taofiq
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Lv XC, Guo WL, Li L, Yu XD, Liu B. Polysaccharide peptides from Ganoderma lucidum ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet-fed rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Mushroom ethanolic extracts as cosmeceuticals ingredients: Safety and ex vivo skin permeation studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:228-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vieira Gomes DC, de Alencar MVOB, dos Reis AC, de Lima RMT, de Oliveira Santos JV, da Mata AMOF, Soares Dias AC, da Costa JS, de Medeiros MDGF, Paz MFCJ, Gayoso e Almendra Ibiapina Moreno LC, Castro e Sousa JMD, Islam MT, Melo Cavalcante AADC. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic/antitumoral bioactives from the phylum Basidiomycota and their possible mechanisms of action. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Rashad FM, Kattan MHE, Fathy HM, El-Fattah DAA, Tohamy ME, Farahat AA. Recycling of agro-wastes for Ganoderma lucidum mushroom production and Ganoderma post mushroom substrate as soil amendment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 88:147-159. [PMID: 31079627 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro growth of Ganoderma mycelia on six agro-wastes namely, broad bean stalks (BBS), cotton stalk (CS), maize straw (MS), rice straw (RS), sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and wheat straw (WS) supplemented with wheat bran (WB) or corn gluten (CG) was evaluated. Among the substrates used, CS appeared best followed by SCB and RS. WB showed best supplementation for mycelial growth. CO2 emission values exhibited accurate measurements to decide the suitability of such agro-waste for growth rather than visual observations. CS+RS+SCB+WB in combination proven its superiority for in vitro growth and active spawn development substrate. In mushroom house, this particular formula proved its superiority and was on par with recommended EG formula; it gave the highest yield (195.16 g Kg-1), biological efficiency (19.52%), protein (16.69%), polysaccharides (3.613%) and minerals (3433 mg/100 g). Spawn running period was the shortest in treatments inoculated with agro-waste-based spawns. With 40% biochar, days required to the complete mycelium colonization and fructification were 10.60 and 23.00, respectively. At 10% biochar, highest yields (238.40 g Kg-1), biological efficiencies (23.84%), protein (19.58%) and minerals (4092 mg/100 g) were obtained. The higher the biochar level, the higher the reduction in emitted CO2, the loss in C and the increase in N of Ganoderma post mushroom substrates (GPMSs). Under greenhouse conditions, almost all the tested GPMSs, at 0.125 or 0.25%, encouraged the reproduction of reniform nematodes and improved plant growth criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferial M Rashad
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo Univ., Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - M H El Kattan
- Central Laboratory for Agriculture Climate (CLAC), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Hayam M Fathy
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo Univ., Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Abd El-Fattah
- Central Laboratory for Agriculture Climate (CLAC), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El Tohamy
- Central Laboratory for Agriculture Climate (CLAC), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - A A Farahat
- Dept. of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo Univ., Giza 12613, Egypt
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Saltarelli R, Palma F, Gioacchini AM, Calcabrini C, Mancini U, De Bellis R, Stocchi V, Potenza L. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities and effects on nuclear DNA of ethanolic extract from an Italian mycelial isolate of Ganoderma lucidum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:464-473. [PMID: 30513345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. (also known as Linghzhi and Reishi) is the most appreciated and revered medicinal mushroom across many Asian countries, but its properties have also attracted interest in Western countries. Indeed, in the West, it is now commercially available as a dietary supplement in preparations mainly made from spores, fruiting bodies and mycelia. It is employed in both nutraceutical and pharmacological formulations either for its immuno-modulating anti-inflammatory properties or as an effective adjuvant therapy in the treatment of several chronic diseases as well as in cancer treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this investigation was to show the phytochemical composition and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of an ethanolic extract from an Italian mycelial isolate of Ganoderma lucidum and to assess its effects on nuclear DNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS LC/ESI-MS and tandem mass spectrometry MSMS were used to obtain structural identification of ethanolic G. lucidum extract constituents. Antioxidant activities were determined by the DPPH method, chelating effect on Fe2+ and lipoxygenase inhibition while cytotoxic activities using the MTT assay. Effects on nuclear DNA were evaluated using the DNA nicking assay in a cell-free system and the fast halo assay performed on oxidatively injured human U937 cells; apoptosis induction was investigated using the non-denaturing fast halo assay and DNA laddering detection. RESULTS This extract was rich in several bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic and triterpenic acids. It showed antioxidant activity and protective effects in oxidatively injured DNA in cell-free analyses and antiproliferative, genotoxic, and proapoptotic effects in the cell model. CONCLUSIONS Italian G. lucidum mycelium isolate appears to be a source of various natural compounds that may have applications as chemopreventive agents or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Saltarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Francesco Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Gioacchini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Calcabrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy; Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, RN, Italy.
| | - Umberto Mancini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Lucia Potenza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
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Oluba OM. Ganoderma terpenoid extract exhibited anti-plasmodial activity by a mechanism involving reduction in erythrocyte and hepatic lipids in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:12. [PMID: 30636645 PMCID: PMC6330487 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive components of Ganoderma lucidum has recently gained intense research attention due to their acclaimed nutritional and medicinal properties. Thus, the terpenoid extract from the fruit bodies of G. lucidum (GT) was evaluated for activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice in two separate experiments. In addition, the effects of the extract on erythrocyte and hepatic lipids as well as liver HMG-CoA reductase activity before and after the treatments were also assessed. Mice with established infection were administered 100 and 250 mg/kg/day GT alone and in combination with chloroquine (CQ), in either case two separate controls designated: CQ (30 mg/kg chloroquine) and INF-CTR (1 mL DMSO) were also included. Treatment was administered orally for 12 days and parasitemia determined every three days. Percentage survival was significantly increased to 87% from 66% due to combination of GT100 with CQ compared to GT100 alone and to 75% from 62% when GT250 was administered with CQ compared to GT250 alone. Erythrocyte triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), LDL and phospholipids contents were significantly lower in GT + CQ-treated mice compared to CQ alone and INF-CTR. Similarly, hepatic TC and phospholipid levels were significantly lower in the GT + CQ-treated mice compared to CQ alone and INF-CTR and HMG-CoA reductase activity in the liver was significantly inhibited due to administration of GT + CQ. Data from this study suggest that the anti-plasmodial action of GT could involve mechanisms associated with its hypolipidemic activity. It was also demonstrated that chloroquine, when administered in combination with GT, potentiates its curative effect in P. berghei-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olarewaju M Oluba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Food Safety and Toxicology Research Unit, Environment and Technology Research Cluster, College of Science and Engineering, Landmark University, P.M.B, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, 1001, Nigeria.
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Zhang H, Jiang H, Chen Y, Wang J, Yan J. Quality evaluation of triterpenoids in Ganoderma and related species by the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1531292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Mocan A, Diuzheva A, Carradori S, Andruch V, Massafra C, Moldovan C, Sisea C, Petzer JP, Petzer A, Zara S, Marconi GD, Zengin G, Crișan G, Locatelli M. Development of novel techniques to extract phenolic compounds from Romanian cultivars of Prunus domestica L. and their biological properties. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:189-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mocan A, Fernandes Â, Barros L, Crişan G, Smiljković M, Soković M, Ferreira ICFR. Chemical composition and bioactive properties of the wild mushroom Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr: a study with samples from Romania. Food Funct 2018; 9:160-170. [PMID: 29168866 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01514c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In Eastern Europe, wild mushrooms are widely collected in mountain areas and used for their medicinal properties or as healthy foods. This study aimed at determining the chemical composition (nutritional value, free sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids and tocopherols) and bioactive properties (antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiquorum sensing) of wild Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr from Romania. The results indicate that the fruiting bodies of P. squamosus are rich in carbohydrates (74.22 g per 100 g dw) and proteins (18.7 g per 100 g dw). Trehalose was the main free sugar, while malic acid was the organic acid detected in the highest amount (2.21 g per 100 g dw), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid was the main phenolic compound. Among tocopherols, β-tocopherol was the most abundant form (114.7 μg per 100 g dw). Additionally, regarding the fatty acids' pattern, polyunsaturated acids represent more than 57% of all fatty acids, followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (24.96%). The highest measured antioxidant effect of P. squamosus extract was found using the TBARS inhibition assay (EC50 = 0.22 mg mL-1), followed by the β-carotene/linoleate assay (EC50 = 1.41 mg mL-1). A minimal inhibitory concentration of the tested extracts was obtained between 0.61-20.4 mg mL-1, while the bactericidal effect was achieved between 1.2-40.8 mg mL-1. Antibiofilm potential was obtained at all tested concentrations, and subinhibitory concentrations of the extract exhibited an antiquorum effect and reduced the formation of P. aeruginosa pili, which all together influenced the virulence of this bacterium. Due to the investigated bioactivities and compounds of P. squamosus and its well-balanced nutritional profile, this mushroom can be further used as a medicinal ingredient based on its antioxidative and antimicrobial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mocan
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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