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Sánchez A, Vélez D, Devesa V. Processes influencing the toxicity of microplastics ingested through the diet. Food Chem 2024; 456:139947. [PMID: 38850610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The present study assesses the effect of culinary treatment and gastrointestinal digestion upon the release of additives present in microplastics. Organic additives were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and inorganic additives using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results revealed a large number of organic additives in the plastic samples, some being classified as possible carcinogens. Contents of Sb in PET (polyethylene terephthalate), Zn and Ba in LDPE (low-density polyethylene) and PVC (polyvinylchloride), and Ti and Pb in LDPE were also noteworthy. The culinary process promotes the release and solubilization of additives into the cooking liquid, with phthalates, benzophenone, N-butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) and bisphenol A being of particular concern. The solubilization of phthalates and NBBS was also observed during gastrointestinal digestion. This study demonstrates that culinary treatment and gastrointestinal digestion promote release and solubilization of additives from plastics ingested with the diet. Such solubilization may facilitate their entry into the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Sánchez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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2
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Li Y, Chen L, Zhou N, Chen Y, Ling Z, Xiang P. Microplastics in the human body: A comprehensive review of exposure, distribution, migration mechanisms, and toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174215. [PMID: 38914339 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive across ecosystems, presenting substantial risks to human health. Developing a comprehensive review of MPs is crucial due to the growing evidence of their widespread presence and potential harmful effects. Despite the growth in research, considerable uncertainties persist regarding their transport dynamics, prevalence, toxicological impacts, and the potential long-term health effects they may cause. This review thoroughly evaluates recent advancements in research on MPs and their implications for human health, including estimations of human exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. It also quantifies the distribution and accumulation of MPs in various organs and tissues. The review discusses the mechanisms enabling MPs to cross biological barriers and the role of particle size in their translocation. To ensure methodological rigor, this review adheres to the PRISMA guidelines, explicitly detailing the literature search strategy, inclusion criteria, and the quality assessment of selected studies. The review concludes that MPs pose significant toxicological risks, identifies critical gaps in current knowledge, and recommends future research directions to elucidate the prolonged effects of MPs on human health. This work aims to offer a scientific framework for mitigating MP-related hazards and establishes a foundation for ongoing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Institute of College of Art and Design, Rural Vitalization Research Center in the Wuling Mountain Area, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China.
| | - Liping Chen
- Institute of College of Art and Design, Rural Vitalization Research Center in the Wuling Mountain Area, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Nonglin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Yuyuan Chen
- Institute of College of Art and Design, Rural Vitalization Research Center in the Wuling Mountain Area, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Zhichen Ling
- Institute of College of Art and Design, Rural Vitalization Research Center in the Wuling Mountain Area, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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3
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Klaiber M, Moreno-Gordaliza E, Gómez-Gómez MM, Marazuela MD. Human intake assessment of triclosan associated with the daily use of polypropylene-made antimicrobial food packaging. Food Chem 2024; 451:139475. [PMID: 38678648 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to evaluate human intake of triclosan (TCS) associated with real-life use of different brands of Microban™ microwave-safe food packaging. Calculations were based on: TCS migration data (under the worst-case foreseeable conditions), MPs abundance and TCS bioaccessibility from microplastics (MPs), leached from containers under microwave heating. Bioaccessibility studies were performed with in vitro digestion of MPs, followed by liquid-liquid extraction of TCS from digestive fluids and LC-QqQ-MS analysis yielding values of 46 ± 9%. The estimated weekly intake (EWI) of TCS ranged between 11 and 42 μg/kg body weight/week, with migration being the largest contribution (0.6-2.3 mg/week), compared to leaching of MPs (75-300 μg/week). These values represent a significant source of human exposure to TCS, emphasizing the need to harmonize the ban of TCS in food contact materials worldwide and improve compliance testing of food contact articles, particularly those marketed through online sales platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Klaiber
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno-Gordaliza
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Milagros Gómez-Gómez
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Dolores Marazuela
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Prabhu K, Ghosh S, Sethulekshmi S, Shriwastav A. In vitro digestion of microplastics in human digestive system: Insights into particle morphological changes and chemical leaching. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173173. [PMID: 38740201 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite the well-reported occurrences and established pathways for microplastics (MPs) ingestion by humans, the eventual fate of these particles in the human gastrointestinal system is poorly understood. The present study tries to gain a better understanding of the fate of four common food-borne MPs, i.e. Polystyrene (PS), Polypropylene (PP), Low-density Polyethylene (LDPE), and Nylon, in a simulated in vitro human digestive system. Firstly, the changes in the physicochemical properties of 20-210 μm sized MPs as well as the leaching of chemicals were monitored using fluorescence microscopy, FTIR, and LC-QTOF-MS. Thereafter, the mass loss and morphological alterations in 3-4 mm sized MPs were observed after removing the organic matter. The interaction of PS and PP MPs with duodenal and bile juices manifested in a corona formation. The increase in surface roughness in PP MPs aligned with MP-enzyme dehydrogenation reactions and the addition of NO groups. A few fragments ranging from 30 to 250 μm, with negligible mass loss, were released during the MP digestion process. In addition, the leaching of compounds, e.g. capsi-amide, butanamide, and other plasticizers and monomers was also observed from MPs during digestion, and which may have the potential to accumulate and get absorbed by the digestive organs, and to subsequently impart toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Prabhu
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Sayanti Ghosh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - S Sethulekshmi
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Amritanshu Shriwastav
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India.
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5
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Gałęcka I, Całka J. Oral Exposure to Microplastics Affects the Neurochemical Plasticity of Reactive Neurons in the Porcine Jejunum. Nutrients 2024; 16:2268. [PMID: 39064711 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastics are present in almost every aspect of our lives. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is commonly used in the food industry. Microparticles can contaminate food and drinks, posing a threat to consumers. The presented study aims to determine the effect of microparticles of PET on the population of neurons positive for selected neurotransmitters in the enteric nervous system of the jejunum and histological structure. An amount of 15 pigs were divided into three groups (control, receiving 0.1 g, and 1 g/day/animal orally). After 28 days, fragments of the jejunum were collected for immunofluorescence and histological examination. The obtained results show that histological changes (injury of the apical parts of the villi, accumulations of cellular debris and mucus, eosinophil infiltration, and hyperaemia) were more pronounced in pigs receiving a higher dose of microparticles. The effect on neuronal nitric oxide synthase-, and substance P-positive neurons, depends on the examined plexus and the dose of microparticles. An increase in the percentage of galanin-positive neurons and a decrease in cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript-, vesicular acetylcholine transporter-, and vasoactive intestinal peptide-positive neurons do not show such relationships. The present study shows that microparticles can potentially have neurotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects, but there is a need for further research to determine the mechanism of this process and possible further effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismena Gałęcka
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jarosław Całka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Nissen L, Spisni E, Spigarelli R, Casciano F, Valerii MC, Fabbri E, Fabbri D, Zulfiqar H, Coralli I, Gianotti A. Single exposure of food-derived polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics profoundly affects gut microbiome in an in vitro colon model. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108884. [PMID: 39004044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widespread contaminants highly persistent in the environment and present in matrices to which humans are extensively exposed, including food and beverages. MP ingestion occurs in adults and children and is becoming an emerging public health issue. The gastrointestinal system is the most exposed to MP contamination, which can alter its physiology starting from changes in the microbiome. This study investigates by an omic approach the impact of a single intake of a mixture of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) MPs on the ecology and metabolic activity of the colon microbiota of healthy volunteers, in an in vitro intestinal model. PE and PS MPs were pooled together in a homogeneous mix, digested with the INFOGEST system, and fermented with MICODE (multi-unit in vitro colon model) at loads that by literature correspond to the possible intake of food-derived MPs of a single meal. Results demonstrated that MPs induced an opportunistic bacteria overgrowth (Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio spp., Clostridium group I and Atopobium - Collinsella group) and a contextual reduction on abundances of all the beneficial taxa analyzed, with the sole exception of Lactobacillales. This microbiota shift was consistent with the changes recorded in the bacterial metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nissen
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60 47521, Cesena, Italy; CIRI - Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60 47521, Cesena, Italy; CRBA, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna 40100, Italy.
| | - Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3 40126, Bologna, Italy; CRBA, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna 40100, Italy.
| | - Renato Spigarelli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Flavia Casciano
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60 47521, Cesena, Italy; CIRI - Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60 47521, Cesena, Italy; CRBA, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna 40100, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Valerii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniele Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, via Dario Campana 71 47922, Rimini, Italy.
| | - Hira Zulfiqar
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, via Dario Campana 71 47922, Rimini, Italy.
| | - Irene Coralli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, via Dario Campana 71 47922, Rimini, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gianotti
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60 47521, Cesena, Italy; CIRI - Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60 47521, Cesena, Italy; CRBA, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna 40100, Italy.
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7
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Singh P, Varshney G, Kaur R. Primary Microplastics in the Ecosystem: Ecological Effects, Risks, and Comprehensive Perspectives on Toxicology and Detection Methods. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2024:1-52. [PMID: 38967482 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2370715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of microplastics in cities, suburbs, and even remote locations, far from microplastic source regions, have raised the possibility of long-distance transmission of microplastics in many ecosystems. A little is known scientifically about the threat that it posed to the environment by microplastics. The problem's apparent size necessitates the rapid development of reliable scientific advice regarding the ecological risks of microplastics. These concerns are brought on by the lack of consistent sample and identification techniques, as well as the limited physical analysis and understanding of microplastic pollution. This review provides insight regarding some unaddressed issues about the occurrence, fate, movement, and impact of microplastics, in general, with special emphasis on primary microplastics. The approaches taken in the earlier investigations have been analyzed and different recommendations for future research have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Discipline of Polymer Science and Chemical Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Varshney
- Discipline of Polymer Science and Chemical Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Raminder Kaur
- Discipline of Polymer Science and Chemical Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
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8
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Gligorijevic N, Lujic T, Mutic T, Vasovic T, de Guzman MK, Acimovic J, Stanic-Vucinic D, Cirkovic Velickovic T. Ovalbumin interaction with polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate microplastics alters its structural properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131564. [PMID: 38614174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Contaminating microplastics can interact with food proteins in the food matrix and during digestion. This study investigated adsorption of chicken egg protein ovalbumin to polystyrene (PS, 110 and 260 μm) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 140 μm) MPs in acidic and neutral conditions and alterations in ovalbumin structure. Ovalbumin adsorption affinity depended on MPs size (smaller > larger), type (PS > PET) and pH (pH 3 > pH 7). In bulk solution, MPs does not change ovalbumin secondary structure significantly, but induces loosening (at pH 3) and tightening (at pH 7) of tertiary structure. Formed soft corona exclusively consists of full length non-native ovalbumin, while in hard corona also shorter ovalbumin fragments were found. At pH 7 soft corona ovalbumin has rearranged but still preserved level of ordered secondary structure, resulting in preserved thermostability and proteolytic stability, but decreased ability to form fibrils upon heating. Secondary structure changes in soft corona resemble changes in native ovalbumin induced by heat treatment (80 °C). Ovalbumin is abundantly present in corona around microplastics also in the presence of other egg white proteins. These results imply that microplastics contaminating food may bind and change structure and functional properties of the main egg white protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Gligorijevic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Lujic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Mutic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Vasovic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maria Krishna de Guzman
- Ghent University Global Campus, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelena Acimovic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Stanic-Vucinic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia.
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9
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Sofield CE, Anderton RS, Gorecki AM. Mind over Microplastics: Exploring Microplastic-Induced Gut Disruption and Gut-Brain-Axis Consequences. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4186-4202. [PMID: 38785524 PMCID: PMC11120006 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As environmental plastic waste degrades, it creates an abundance of diverse microplastic particles. Consequently, microplastics contaminate drinking water and many staple food products, meaning the oral ingestion of microplastics is an important exposure route for the human population. Microplastics have long been considered inert, however their ability to promote microbial dysbiosis as well as gut inflammation and dysfunction suggests they are more noxious than first thought. More alarmingly, there is evidence for microplastics permeating from the gut throughout the body, with adverse effects on the immune and nervous systems. Coupled with the now-accepted role of the gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration, these findings support the hypothesis that this ubiquitous environmental pollutant is contributing to the rising incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This comprehensive narrative review explores the consequences of oral microplastic exposure on the gut-brain-axis by considering current evidence for gastrointestinal uptake and disruption, immune activation, translocation throughout the body, and neurological effects. As microplastics are now a permanent feature of the global environment, understanding their effects on the gut, brain, and whole body will facilitate critical further research and inform policy changes aimed at reducing any adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Sofield
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia; (C.E.S.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Ryan S. Anderton
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia; (C.E.S.); (R.S.A.)
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
| | - Anastazja M. Gorecki
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia; (C.E.S.); (R.S.A.)
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10
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Wardani I, Hazimah Mohamed Nor N, Wright SL, Kooter IM, Koelmans AA. Nano- and microplastic PBK modeling in the context of human exposure and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108504. [PMID: 38537584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient data on nano- and microplastics (NMP) hinder robust evaluation of their potential health risks. Methodological disparities and the absence of established toxicity thresholds impede the comparability and practical application of research findings. The diverse attributes of NMP, such as variations in sizes, shapes, and compositions, complicate human health risk assessment. Although probability density functions (PDFs) show promise in capturing this diversity, their integration into risk assessment frameworks is limited. Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models offer a potential solution to bridge the gap between external exposure and internal dosimetry for risk evaluation. However, the heterogeneity of NMP poses challenges for accurate biodistribution modeling. A literature review, encompassing both experimental and modeling studies, was conducted to examine biodistribution studies of monodisperse micro- and nanoparticles. The literature search in PubMed and Scopus databases yielded 39 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Evaluation criteria were adapted from previous Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA-QC) studies, best practice guidelines from WHO (2010), OECD guidance (2021), and additional criteria specific to NMP risk assessment. Subsequently, a conceptual framework for a comprehensive NMP-PBK model was developed, addressing the multidimensionality of NMP particles. Parameters for an NMP-PBK model are presented. QA-QC evaluations revealed that most experimental studies scored relatively well (>0) in particle characterizations and environmental settings but fell short in criteria application for biodistribution modeling. The evaluation of modeling studies revealed that information regarding the model type and allometric scaling requires improvement. Three potential applications of PDFs in PBK modeling of NMP are identified: capturing the multidimensionality of the NMP continuum, quantifying the probabilistic definition of external exposure, and calculating the bio-accessibility fraction of NMP in the human body. A framework for an NMP-PBK model is proposed, integrating PDFs to enhance the assessment of NMP's impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Wardani
- Department of aquatic ecology and water quality management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Stephanie L Wright
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ingeborg M Kooter
- TNO, Princetonlaan 6-8, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert A Koelmans
- Department of aquatic ecology and water quality management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
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11
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Chen CY, Lin Z. Exploring the potential and challenges of developing physiologically-based toxicokinetic models to support human health risk assessment of microplastic and nanoplastic particles. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108617. [PMID: 38599027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) pollution has emerged as a significant and widespread environmental issue. Humans are inevitably exposed to MPs and NPs via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contacts from various sources. However, mechanistic knowledge of their distribution, interaction, and potency in the body is still lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we have undertaken the task of elucidating the toxicokinetic (TK) behaviors of MPs and NPs, aiming to provide mechanistic information for constructing a conceptual physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model to support in silico modeling approaches. Our effort involved a thorough examination of the existing literature and data collation on the presence of MPs in the human body and in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo biodistribution across various cells and tissues. By comprehending the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion mechanisms of MPs and NPs in relation to their physicochemical attributes, we established a foundational understanding of the link between external exposure and internal tissue dosimetry. We observed that particle size and surface chemistry have been thoroughly explored in previous experimental studies. However, certain attributes, such as polymer type, shape, and biofilm/biocorona, warrant attention and further examination. We discussed the fundamental disparities in TK properties of MPs/NPs from those of engineered nanoparticles. We proposed a preliminary PBTK framework with several possible modeling approaches and discussed existing challenges for further investigation. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive compilation of existing TK data of MPs/NPs, a critical overview of TK processes and mechanisms, and proposes potential PBTK modeling approaches, particularly regarding their applicability to the human system, and outlines future perspectives for developing PBTK models and their integration into human health risk assessment of MPs and NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yun Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL 32608, United States
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL 32608, United States.
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12
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Xie P, Li P, Zhu X, Chen D, Ommati MM, Wang H, Han L, Xu S, Sun P. Hepatotoxic of polystyrene microplastics in aged mice: Focus on the role of gastrointestinal transformation and AMPK/FoxO pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170471. [PMID: 38296072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) toxicity has attracted widespread attention, whereas before triggering hepatotoxicity, ingested MPs first undergo transportation and digestion processes in the gastrointestinal tract, possibly interacting with the gastrointestinal contents (GIC). More alarming is the need for more understanding of how this process may impact the liver health of aged animals. This study selected old mice. Firstly, we incubated polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs, 1 μm) with GIC extract. The results of SEM/EDS indicated a structural alteration in PS-MPs. Additionally, impurities resembling corona, rich in heteroatoms (O, N, and S), were observed. This resulted in an enhanced aggregating phenomenon of MPs. We conducted a 10-day experiment exposing aged mice to four concentrations of PS-MPs, ranging from 1 × 103 to 1 × 1012 particles/L. Subsequent measurements of tissue pathology and body and organ weights were conducted, revealing alterations in liver structure. In the liver, 12 crucial metabolites were found by LC-MS technology, including purines, lipids, and amino acids. The AMPK/FoxO pathway was enriched, activated, and validated in western blotting results. We also comprehensively examined the innate immune system, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress indicators. The results indicated decreased C3 levels, stable C4 levels, inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-8), and antioxidant enzymes were increased to varying degrees. PS-MPs also caused DNA oxidative damage. These toxic effects exhibited a specific dose dependence. Overall, after the formation of the gastrointestinal corona, PS-MPs subsequently impact various cellular processes, such as cycle arrest (p21), leading to hepatic and health crises in the elderly. The presence of gastrointestinal coronas also underscores the MPs' morphology and characteristics, which should be distinguished after ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Deshan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Shixiao Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China.
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13
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De Boever S, Devisscher L, Vinken M. Unraveling the micro- and nanoplastic predicament: A human-centric insight. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170262. [PMID: 38253106 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics are vast anthropogenic pollutants in our direct surroundings with a robust environmental stability and a potential for a long-lasting and increasing global circulation. This has raised concerns among the public and policy makers for human health upon exposure to these particles. The micro- and nanoplastic burden on humans is currently under debate, along with criticism on the experimental approaches used in hazard assessment. The present review presents an overview of the human-relevant aspects associated with the current micro-and nanoplastic burden. We focus on environmental circulation and the estimation of exposure quantities to humans, along with a state-of-the-art overview of particle accumulation in over 15 human organs and other specimen. Additionally, data regarding particle characteristics used in toxicity testing was extracted from 91 studies and discussed considering their environmental and human relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybren De Boever
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Centre Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Jasinski J, Völkl M, Wilde MV, Jérôme V, Fröhlich T, Freitag R, Scheibel T. Influence of the polymer type of a microplastic challenge on the reaction of murine cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133280. [PMID: 38141312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to global pollution derived from plastic waste, the research on microplastics is of increasing public interest. Until now, most studies addressing the effect of microplastic particles on vertebrate cells have primarily utilized polystyrene particles (PS). Other studies on polymer microparticles made, e.g., of polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), or poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), cannot easily be directly compared to these PS studies, since the used microparticles differ widely in size and surface features. Here, effects caused by pristine microparticles of a narrow size range between 1 - 4 µm from selected conventional polymers including PS, PE, and PVC, were compared to those of particles made of polymers derived from biological sources like polylactic acid (PLA), and cellulose acetate (CA). The microparticles were used to investigate cellular uptake and assess cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages and epithelial cells. Despite differences in the particles' properties (e.g. ζ-potential and surface morphology), macrophages were able to ingest all tested particles, whereas epithelial cells ingested only the PS-based particles, which had a strong negative ζ-potential. Most importantly, none of the used model polymer particles exhibited significant short-time cytotoxicity, although the general effect of environmentally relevant microplastic particles on organisms requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jasinski
- Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Völkl
- Process Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Magdalena V Wilde
- Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), LMU München, Munich, Germany; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Bayreuth Center for Material Science (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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15
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Peng Y, Lu J, Fan L, Dong W, Jiang M. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of two different sources of biodegradable microplastics and the influence on gut microbiota. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114474. [PMID: 38301992 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics, were considered environmentally friendly, may produce more microplastic particles (MPs) within the same period and exert more pronounced adverse effects on human health than traditional non-biodegradable plastics. Thus, this study investigated the changes of two kinds of biodegradable MPs from different sources in the digestive tract by using simulated digestion and fermentation models in vitro, with particle size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis, and their implications on the gut microbiota were detected by full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) MPs exhibited stability in the upper gastrointestinal tract, while poly(lactic acid) (PLA) MPs were degraded beginning in the small intestine digestion phase. Both PCL and PLA MPs were degraded and oligomerized during colonic fermentation. Furthermore, this study highlighted the disturbance of the gut microbiota induced by MPs and their oligomers. PCL and PLA MPs significantly changed the composition and reduced the α-diversity of the gut microbiota. PCL and PLA MPs exhibited the same inhibitory effects on key probiotics such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Limosilactobacillus, Blautia, Romboutsia, and Ruminococcus, which highlighted the potential hazards of these materials for human health. In conclusion, this study illuminated the potential biodegradation of MPs through gastrointestinal digestion and the complex interplay between MPs and the gut microbiota. The degradable characteristic of biodegradable plastics may cause more MPs and greater harm to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Peng
- Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqi Lu
- Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Lu T, Li D, Yuan X, Wang Z, Shao Z, Feng X, Yang C, Liu H, Zhang G, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhou L, Xu M. Potential Effects of Orally Ingesting Polyethylene Terephthalate Microplastics on the Mouse Heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:291-301. [PMID: 38369677 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET MPs) are widespread in natural environment, and can enter organisms and accumulate in the body, but its toxicity has not been well studied. Therefore, in order to investigate the toxic effects of PET microplastics on mammals, this study investigated the toxic effects of PET MPs on ICR mice and H9C2 cells by different treatment groups. The results indicated the cardiac tissue of mice in the PET-H (50 µg/mL) group showed significant capillary congestion, myocardial fiber breakage, and even significant fibrosis compared to the PET-C (control) group (P < 0.01). Results of the TUNEL assay demonstrated significant apoptosis in myocardial tissue in the PET-H and PET-M (5 µg/mL) groups (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, Western blotting showed increased expression of the apoptosis-related protein Bax and decreased expression of PARP, caspase-3, and Bcl-2 proteins in both myocardial tissues and H9C2 cells. In addition, flow cytometry confirmed that PET MPs decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis in H9C2 cells; however, this trend was reversed by N-acetylcysteamine application. Moreover, PET MP treatment induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H9C2 cells, while the MDA level in the myocardial tissue was elevated, and the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were decreased (P < 0.01), indicating a change in the redox environment. In conclusion, PET MPs promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inducing oxidative stress and activating mitochondria-mediated apoptotic processes, ultimately leading to myocardial fibrosis. This study provides ideas for the prevention of PET MP toxicity and promotes thinking about enhancing plastic pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Drug Screen and Evaluation Research Center, Shandong International Biotechnology Park Development Co., Ltd, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanqing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maolei Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, 264003, ShanDong, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Zhu Y, Che R, Zong X, Wang J, Li J, Zhang C, Wang F. A comprehensive review on the source, ingestion route, attachment and toxicity of microplastics/nanoplastics in human systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120039. [PMID: 38218169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs)/nanoplastics (NPs) are widely found in the natural environment, including soil, water and the atmosphere, which are essential for human survival. In the recent years, there has been a growing concern about the potential impact of MPs/NPs on human health. Due to the increasing interest in this research and the limited number of studies related to the health effects of MPs/NPs on humans, it is necessary to conduct a systematic assessment and review of their potentially toxic effects on human organs and tissues. Humans can be exposed to microplastics through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact, however, ingestion and inhalation are considered as the primary routes. The ingested MPs/NPs mainly consist of plastic particles with a particle size ranging from 0.1 to 1 μm, that distribute across various tissues and organs within the body, which in turn have a certain impact on the nine major systems of the human body, especially the digestive system and respiratory system, which are closely related to the intake pathway of MPs/NPs. The harmful effects caused by MPs/NPs primarily occur through potential toxic mechanisms such as induction of oxidative stress, generation of inflammatory responses, alteration of lipid metabolism or energy metabolism or expression of related functional factors. This review can help people to systematically understand the hazards of MPs/NPs and related toxicity mechanisms from the level of nine biological systems. It allows MPs/NPs pollution to be emphasized, and it is also hoped that research on their toxic effects will be strengthened in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Ruijie Che
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Xinyan Zong
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jining Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Fenghe Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China.
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18
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Dai R, Kelly BN, Ike A, Berger D, Chan A, Drew DA, Ljungman D, Mutiibwa D, Ricciardi R, Tumusiime G, Cusack JC. The Impact of the Gut Microbiome, Environment, and Diet in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:676. [PMID: 38339427 PMCID: PMC10854951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally considered a disease common in the older population, colorectal cancer is increasing in incidence among younger demographics. Evidence suggests that populational- and generational-level shifts in the composition of the human gut microbiome may be tied to the recent trends in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. This review provides an overview of current research and putative mechanisms behind the rising incidence of colorectal cancer in the younger population, with insight into future interventions that may prevent or reverse the rate of early-onset colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dai
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.B.); (A.C.); (D.A.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Bridget N. Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA (A.I.)
| | - Amarachi Ike
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA (A.I.)
| | - David Berger
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.B.); (A.C.); (D.A.D.); (R.R.)
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA (A.I.)
| | - Andrew Chan
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.B.); (A.C.); (D.A.D.); (R.R.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David A. Drew
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.B.); (A.C.); (D.A.D.); (R.R.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David Ljungman
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - David Mutiibwa
- Department of Surgery, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara P.O. Box 1410, Uganda;
| | - Rocco Ricciardi
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.B.); (A.C.); (D.A.D.); (R.R.)
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA (A.I.)
| | - Gerald Tumusiime
- School of Medicine, Uganda Christian University, Mukono P.O. Box 4, Uganda;
| | - James C. Cusack
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.B.); (A.C.); (D.A.D.); (R.R.)
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA (A.I.)
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19
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Paul MB, Böhmert L, Thünemann AF, Loeschner K, Givelet L, Fahrenson C, Braeuning A, Sieg H. Influence of artificial digestion on characteristics and intestinal cellular effects of micro-, submicro- and nanoplastics. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114423. [PMID: 38158035 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The production of plastics is rising since they have been invented. Micro, submicro- and nanoplastics are produced intentionally or generated by environmental processes, and constitute ubiquitous contaminants which are ingested orally by consumers. Reported health concerns include intestinal translocation, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Every digestive milieu in the gastrointestinal tract does have an influence on the properties of particles and can cause changes in their effect on biological systems. In this study, we subjected plastic particles of different materials (polylactic acid, polymethylmethacrylate, melamine formaldehyde) and sizes (micro- to nano-range) to a complex artificial digestion model consisting of three intestinal fluid simulants (saliva, gastric and intestinal juice). We monitored the impact of the digestion process on the particles by performing Dynamic Light Scattering, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. An in vitro model of the intestinal epithelial barrier was used to monitor cellular effects and translocation behavior of (un)digested particles. In conclusion, artificial digestion decreased cellular interaction and slightly increased transport of all particles across the intestinal barrier. The interaction with organic matter resulted in clear differences in the agglomeration behavior. Moreover, we provide evidence for polymer-, size- and surface-dependent cellular effects of the test particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxi B Paul
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division Synthesis and Scattering of Nanostructured Materials, Unter Den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- Technical University of Denmark, Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, Kemitorvet 201, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Lucas Givelet
- Technical University of Denmark, Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, Kemitorvet 201, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Christoph Fahrenson
- Technical University of Berlin, Center for Electron Microscopy (ZELMI), Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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20
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Khatoon N, Mallah MA, Yu Z, Qu Z, Ali M, Liu N. Recognition and detection technology for microplastic, its source and health effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:11428-11452. [PMID: 38183545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) is ubiquitous in the environment which appeared as an immense intimidation to human and animal health. The plastic fragments significantly polluted the ocean, fresh water, food chain, and other food items. Inadequate maintenance, less knowledge of adverse influence along with inappropriate usage in addition throwing away of plastics items revolves present planet in to plastics planet. The present study aims to focus on the recognition and advance detection technologies for MPs and the adverse effects of micro- and nanoplastics on human health. MPs have rigorous adverse effect on human health that leads to condensed growth rates, lessened reproductive capability, ulcer, scrape, and oxidative nervous anxiety, in addition, also disturb circulatory and respiratory mechanism. The detection of MP particles has also placed emphasis on identification technologies such as scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, optical detection, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo-analytical techniques, flow cytometry, holography, and hyperspectral imaging. It suggests that further research should be explored to understand the source, distribution, and health impacts and evaluate numerous detection methodologies for the MPs along with purification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafeesa Khatoon
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 540001, People's Republic of China
| | - Manthar Ali Mallah
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 540001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zengli Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 540001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Qu
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risk Assessment, School of Nursing, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mukhtiar Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-E-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology (QUEST), Nawabshah, 67480, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Nan Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 540001, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risk Assessment, School of Nursing, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
- Health Science Center, South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
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21
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Jiménez-Arroyo C, Tamargo A, Molinero N, Reinosa JJ, Alcolea-Rodriguez V, Portela R, Bañares MA, Fernández JF, Moreno-Arribas MV. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradable microplastics and their interaction with the gut microbiota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166003. [PMID: 37549707 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the environment as well as their presence in foods and humans highlight the urgent need for studies on the effects of these particles on humans. Polylactic acid (PLA) is the most widely used bioplastic in the food industry and medical field. Despite its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and "Generally Recognized As Safe" (GRAS) status, recent animal model studies have shown that PLA MPs can alter the intestinal microbiota; however, to date, no studies have been reported on the possible gut and health consequences of its intake by humans. This work simulates the ingestion of a realistic daily amount of PLA MPs and their pass through the gastrointestinal tract by combining the INFOGEST method and the gastrointestinal simgi® model to evaluate possible effects on the human colonic microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis) and metabolic functionality (lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production). Although PLA MPs did not clearly alter the microbial community homeostasis, increased Bifidobacterium levels tended to increase in presence of millimetric PLA particles. Furthermore, shifts detected at the functional level suggest an alteration of microbial metabolism, and a possible biotransformation of PLA by the human microbial colonic community. Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) characterization revealed morphological changes on the PLA MPs after the gastric phase of the digestion, and the adhesion of organic matter as well as a microbial biofilm, with surface biodegradation, after the intestinal and colonic phases. With this evidence and the emerging use of bioplastics, understanding their impact on humans and potential biodegradation through gastrointestinal digestion and the human microbiota merits critical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jiménez-Arroyo
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Tamargo
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Molinero
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Reinosa
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, c/ Kelsen, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Encapsulae S.L., c/Lituania 10, 12006 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - V Alcolea-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/ Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Portela
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/ Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Bañares
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/ Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J F Fernández
- Encapsulae S.L., c/Lituania 10, 12006 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - M V Moreno-Arribas
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Feng Y, Tu C, Li R, Wu D, Yang J, Xia Y, Peijnenburg WJ, Luo Y. A systematic review of the impacts of exposure to micro- and nano-plastics on human tissue accumulation and health. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2023; 2:195-207. [PMID: 38435355 PMCID: PMC10902512 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) pollution has become a pressing global environmental issue, with growing concerns regarding its impact on human health. However, evidence on the effects of MNPs on human health remains limited. This paper reviews the three routes of human exposure to MNPs, which include ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. It further discusses the potential routes of translocation of MNPs in human lungs, intestines, and skin, analyses the potential impact of MNPs on the homeostasis of human organ systems, and provides an outlook on future research priorities for MNPs in human health. There is growing evidence that MNPs are present in human tissues or fluids. Lab studies, including in vivo animal models and in vitro human-derived cell cultures, revealed that MNPs exposure could negatively affect human health. MNPs exposure could cause oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, disruption of internal barriers like the intestinal, the air-blood and the placental barrier, tissue damage, as well as immune homeostasis imbalance, endocrine disruption, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Limitedly available epidemiological studies suggest that disorders like lung nodules, asthma, and blood thrombus might be caused or exacerbated by MNPs exposure. However, direct evidence for the effects of MNPs on human health is still scarce, and future research in this area is needed to provide quantitative support for assessing the risk of MNPs to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yongming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Zuri G, Karanasiou A, Lacorte S. Human biomonitoring of microplastics and health implications: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116966. [PMID: 37634692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles (<5 mm) ubiquitous in water, soil, and air, indicating that humans can be exposed to MPs through ingestion of water and food, and inhalation. OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of the current human biomonitoring data available to evaluate human exposure and health impact of MPs. METHOD We compiled 91 relevant studies on MPs in human matrices and MPs toxicological endpoints to provide evidence on MPs distribution in the different tissues and the implications this can have from a health perspective. RESULTS Human exposure to MPs has been corroborated by the detection of MPs in different human biological samples including blood, urine, stool, lung tissue, breast milk, semen and placenta. Although humans have clearance mechanisms protecting them from potentially harmful substances, health risks associated to MPs exposure include the onset of inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, potentially leading to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as cancer, as suggested by in vitro and in vivo studies. CONCLUSION Based on compiled data, MPs have been recurrently identified in different human tissues and fluids, suggesting that humans are exposed to MPs through inhalation and ingestion. Despite differences in MPs concentrations appear in exposed and non-exposed people, accumulation and distribution pathways and potential human health hazards is still at an infant stage. Human biomonitoring data enables the assessment of human exposure to MPs and associated risks, and this information can contribute to draw management actions and guidelines to minimize MP release to the environment, and thus, reduce human uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Zuri
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research of the Spanish Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angeliki Karanasiou
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research of the Spanish Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Lacorte
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research of the Spanish Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Zhang X, Shi J, Yuan P, Li T, Cao Z, Zou W. Differential developmental and proinflammatory responses of zebrafish embryo to repetitive exposure of biodigested polyamide and polystyrene microplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132472. [PMID: 37683353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have attracted global concern and are at the forefront of current research on environmental pollution, whereas, little is known about the degradation of ingested MPs in the gastrointestinal environment and repetitive exposure-associated risk of egested MPs to organisms. The present study revealed that polyamide (PA) and polystyrene (PS) MPs exhibited remarkably differential biodegradations in the gastric and intestinal fluids of a model fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Significant disintegration of the skeleton structure, size reduction (from 27.62 to 9.17 µm), benzene ring scission, and subsequent biogenic corona coating and surface oxidation occurred during in vitro digestion, thus increasing the hydrophilicity and agglomeration of PS. Conversely, PA MPs exhibited high resistance to enzymolysis with slight surface erosions and protein adsorption. Relative to the pristine form, the bioaccumulation of digested PS elevated and the musculoskeletal deformity and mortality of juvenile zebrafish were obviously enhanced, but these changes were unobservable for PA. Lipopolysaccharide-triggered inflammation and apoptosis via Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and reduction of extracellular matrix secretions driven by oxidative stress contributed to the aggravated inhibitory effects of digested PS on larval development. These findings emphasize the necessity of concerning the biota digestion in MP risk assessments in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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25
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Djouina M, Waxin C, Dubuquoy L, Launay D, Vignal C, Body-Malapel M. Oral exposure to polyethylene microplastics induces inflammatory and metabolic changes and promotes fibrosis in mouse liver. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115417. [PMID: 37651791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows widespread contamination of water sources and food with microplastics. Although the liver is one of the main sites of bioaccumulation within the human body, it is still unclear whether microplastics produce damaging effects. In particular, the hepatic consequences of ingesting polyethylene (PE) microplastics in mammals are unknown. In this study, female mice were fed with food contaminated with 36 and 116 µm diameter PE microbeads at a dosage of 100 µg/g of food for 6 and 9 weeks. Mice were exposed to each type of microbead, or co-exposed to the 2 types of microbeads. Mouse liver showed altered levels of genes involved in uptake, synthesis, and β-oxidation of fatty acids. Ingestion of PE microbeads disturbed the detoxification response, promoted oxidative imbalance, increased inflammatory foci and cytokine expression, and enhanced proliferation in liver. Since relative expression of the hepatic stellate cell marker Pdgfa and collagen deposition were increased following PE exposure, we assessed the effect of PE ingestion in a mouse model of CCl4-induced fibrosis and showed that PE dietary exposure exacerbated liver fibrogenesis. These findings provide the first demonstration of the adverse hepatic effects of PE ingestion in mammals and highlight the need for further health risk assessment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Djouina
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Waxin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cécile Vignal
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
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26
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Mısırlı NS, Pimtong W, Sillapaprayoon S, Chantho V, Saenmuangchin R, Aueviriyavit S, Dudak FC. Impact of a real food matrix and in vitro digestion on properties and acute toxicity of polystyrene microparticles. NANOIMPACT 2023; 32:100482. [PMID: 37717635 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Although it is proved that humans ingest microplastics via food, and microplastics were found in human tissues, blood and feces, there needs to be more data on the properties and health-related effects of plastic particles that interact with food and undergo digestion. This study aimed to examine the impact of a real food matrix, milk, on the behavior and gastrointestinal fate of polystyrene microparticles (PSMP). In the presence of the food matrix, the net negative ζ-potential values of PSMP (diameter size of 1.823 μm) decreased significantly due to the formation of the corona, mostly consisting of α and β-casein fragments. Protein corona profiles and morphologies of particles incubated with whole and skim milk were found to be similar, and the protein profiles were completely altered after in vitro digestion simulation. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies showed that neither bare PSMP nor food-interacted PSMP pose acute toxicity on the Caco-2 cell line and zebrafish embryos under the chosen experimental conditions. In summary, these results may contribute to a better understanding of changes that microplastics undergo in foods. Further studies on repeated exposure or chronic toxicity are needed to fully reveal the effect of food matrix on microplastic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazım Sergen Mısırlı
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Wittaya Pimtong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Siwapech Sillapaprayoon
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Varissara Chantho
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Rattaporn Saenmuangchin
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Aueviriyavit
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Fahriye Ceyda Dudak
- Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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27
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Li Z, Huang Y, Zhong Y, Liang B, Yang X, Wang Q, Sui H, Huang Z. Impact of food matrices on the characteristics and cellular toxicities of ingested nanoplastics in a simulated digestive tract. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113984. [PMID: 37567356 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic and nanoplastic (MNP) pollution has become a major global food safety concern. MNPs can interact with food matrices, and their passage through the gastrointestinal tract can modify their properties. To explore whether and how food matrices influence MNP toxicity, we investigated the interactions between polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and food matrices, using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. Then, we tested cell viability, particle uptake and cellular toxicities induced by PS-NPs with food matrices in Caco-2 cells. The results showed that PS-NPs were aggregated, both with and without food matrices, after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Glyceryl trioleate exerted greater ability to stabilize digestas and to disperse PS-NPs than starch and bovine serum albumin. The protein corona's protein composition on PS-NPs varied when it interacted with different food matrices. Moreover, when combined with food matrices, the PS-NPs' uptake was enhanced, thus aggravating cellular inflammation, stress, and apoptosis levels. Finally, through co-exposure to a mixture of food matrices, we found a combined negative effect of PS-NPs and cadmium on cellular inflammation, stress, and apoptosis levels. This is the first study to compare the impact of various food matrices on the characteristics and cellular toxicities of ingested NPs in a simulated digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuji Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yizhou Zhong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Boxuan Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haixia Sui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, China.
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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28
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Fu SF, Feng LJ, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Yuan XZ, Zou H, Guo RB. Core-Shell Au@Nanoplastics as a Quantitative Tracer to Investigate the Bioaccumulation of Nanoplastics in Freshwater Ecosystems. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12785-12793. [PMID: 37565453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the adverse effects of nanoplastics (NPs, particle diameter <1000 nm) including physical damage, oxidative stress, impaired cell signaling, altered metabolism, developmental defects, and possible genetic damage have intensified in recent years. However, the analytical detection of NPs is still a bottleneck. To overcome this bottleneck and obtain a reliable and quantitative distribution analysis in complex freshwater ecosystems, an easily applicable NP tracer to simulate their fate and behavior is needed. Here, size- and surface charge-tunable core-shell Au@Nanoplastics (Au@NPs) were synthesized to study the environmental fate of NPs in an artificial freshwater system. The Au core enables the quantitative detection of NPs, while the polystyrene shell exhibits NP properties. The Au@NPs showed excellent resistance to environmental factors (e.g., 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, simulating gastric fluid, acids, and alkalis) and high recovery rates (>80%) from seawater, lake water, sewage, waste sludge, soil, and sediment. Both positively and negatively charged NPs significantly inhibited the growth of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) but had little effect on the growth of cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa). In addition, the accumulation of positively and negatively charged NPs in cyanobacteria occurred in a concentration-dependent manner, with positively charged NPs more easily taken up by cyanobacteria. In contrast, negatively charged NPs were more readily internalized in duckweed. This study developed a model using a core-shell Au@NP tracer to study the environmental fate and behavior of NPs in various complex environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Fei Fu
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266101, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, P. R. China
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, P. R. China
| | - Honglu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Yuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Bo Guo
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266101, P. R. China
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29
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Jones LR, Wright SJ, Gant TW. A critical review of microplastics toxicity and potential adverse outcome pathway in human gastrointestinal tract following oral exposure. Toxicol Lett 2023; 385:51-60. [PMID: 37659479 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are typically produced via environmental degradation of larger plastics, where they enter the human food chain. MPs are complex materials containing chemical and physical characteristics that can potentially affect their hazard and exposure. These physical properties can be altered by environmental exposure potentially altering any risk assessment conducted on the primary material. We conducted a literature review using an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP)-based approach from Molecular Initiating Event (MIE) to cell effect event to identify multiple knowledge gaps that affect MPs hazard assessment. There is some convergence of key biological events but could relate to most lying along well-established biological effector pathways such as apoptosis which can respond to many MIEs. In contrast, MIEs of chemicals will be via protein interaction. As MPs may occur in the lumen of the alimentary canal for example to the mucus, therefore, not requiring translocation of MPs across the epithelial membrane. At the other end of the AOP, currently it is not possible to identify a single adverse outcome at the organ level. This work did establish a clear need to understand both external and internal exposure (resulting from translocation) and develop hazard data at both levels to inform on risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna R Jones
- UK Health Security Agency. Toxicology Department, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephanie J Wright
- Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy W Gant
- UK Health Security Agency. Toxicology Department, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, United Kingdom
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30
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Kaseke T, Lujic T, Cirkovic Velickovic T. Nano- and Microplastics Migration from Plastic Food Packaging into Dairy Products: Impact on Nutrient Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism. Foods 2023; 12:3043. [PMID: 37628042 PMCID: PMC10453031 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing use of plastic polymers to manufacture food packaging has raised concerns about the presence of nano- and microplastics (NMPs) in a variety of foods. This review provides the most recent data on NMPs' migration from plastic packaging into dairy products. Also discussed are the possible effects of NMPs on nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism. Different kinds of dairy products, including skimmed milk, whole liquid milk, powder milk, and infant formula milk, have been found to contain NMPs of various sizes, shapes, and concentrations. NMPs may interact with proteins, carbohydrates, and fats and have a detrimental impact on how well these nutrients are digested and absorbed by the body. The presence of NMPs in the gastrointestinal tract may impact how lipids, proteins, glucose, iron, and energy are metabolized, increasing the risk of developing various health conditions. In addition to NMPs, plastic oligomers released from food packaging material have been found to migrate to various foods and food simulants, though information regarding their effect on human health is limited. Viewpoints on potential directions for future studies on NMPs and their impact on nutrient digestion, absorption, and health are also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafadzwa Kaseke
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Lujic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Food Technology, Safety, and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Food Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihajlova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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31
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Zhang Y, Paul T, Brehm J, Völkl M, Jérôme V, Freitag R, Laforsch C, Greiner A. Role of Residual Monomers in the Manifestation of (Cyto)toxicity by Polystyrene Microplastic Model Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:9925-9933. [PMID: 37364870 PMCID: PMC10340104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) is an important model polymer for the investigation of effects of microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) particles on living systems. Aqueous dispersions of PS MP or NP contain residual monomers of styrene. In consequence, it is not clear if the effects observed in standard (cyto)toxicity studies are evoked by the polymer (MP/NP) particle or by residual monomers. We addressed that question by comparing standard PS model particle dispersions with in-house synthesized PS particle dispersions. We proposed a rapid purification method of PS particle dispersions by dialysis against mixed solvents and developed a simple method of UV-vis spectrometry to detect residual styrene in the dispersions. We found that standard PS model particle dispersions, which contain residual monomers, exerted a low but significant cytotoxicity on mammalian cells, while the in-house synthesized PS, after rigorous purification to reduce the styrene content, did not. However, the PS particles per se but not the residual styrene in both PS particle dispersions resulted in immobilization of Daphnia. Only by using freshly monomer-depleted particles, will it be possible in the future to assess the (cyto)toxicities of PS particles, avoiding an otherwise not controllable bias effect of the monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhu Zhang
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tasmai Paul
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Julian Brehm
- Animal
Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Völkl
- Process
Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process
Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process
Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal
Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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32
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Zhang J, Guo N, Ding W, Han B, Zhao M, Wang X, Wang J, Cao B, Zou G, Chen Y. Microplastic pollution and the related ecological risks of organic composts from different raw materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131911. [PMID: 37356176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic composts are considered emerging contributors to microplastics (MPs) accumulation in agricultural soils. However, MPs pollution in organic compost from different raw materials is unknown. This study investigated MPs occurrence and characteristics in 124 organic compost samples, including single feedstock (livestock manure, poultry manure, crop straw, and solid waste) and compound organic composts, and quantitatively assessed related ecological risks of MPs pollution. The highest and lowest MPs abundances were observed in solid waste (6615 items kg-1) and crop straw (1500 items kg-1) composts, respectively. Compost MPs were mainly 0.5-1 mm (39.5%), colorful polypropylene and polyethylene fragments and films, and polyethylene terephthalate fibers, and the input to farmland soils was 6.96 × 107 to 1.88 × 108 items ha-1 yr-1. Regardless of feedstock, compost-based MPs of different shapes exhibited complicated weathering morphologies and adhered to some mineral colloids. The highest and lowest MPs-induced risk indices in solid waste (H = 134.3) and crop straw (H = 8.9) composts yielded hazard levels IV (high risk) and II (low risk), respectively, due to the different abundance of polymers with diverse hazard scores. These findings provide insights into MPs pollution in organic composts and a theoretical basis for the safe production and application of compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wencheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bao Han
- Fangshan Planting Technology Promotion Station of Beijing, Beijing 102412, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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33
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Lee S, Kim D, Kang KK, Sung SE, Choi JH, Sung M, Shin CH, Jeon E, Kim D, Kim D, Lee S, Kim HK, Kim K. Toxicity and Biodistribution of Fragmented Polypropylene Microplastics in ICR Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108463. [PMID: 37239816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, polypropylene (PP) is used in various products, thus leading to high daily exposure in humans. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the toxicological effects, biodistribution, and accumulation of PP microplastics in the human body. In this study, administration of two particle sizes of PP microplastics (approximately 5 and 10-50 µm) did not lead to any significant changes in several toxicological evaluation parameters, including body weight and pathological examination, compared with the control group in ICR mice. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose and no-observed-adverse-effect level of PP microplastics in ICR mice were established as ≥2000 mg/kg. Furthermore, we manufactured cyanine 5.5 carboxylic acid (Cy5.5-COOH)-labeled fragmented PP microplastics to monitor real-time in vivo biodistribution. After oral administration of the Cy5.5-COOH-labeled microplastics to the mice, most of the PP microplastics were detected in the gastrointestinal tract and observed to be out of the body after 24 h in IVIS Spectrum CT. Therefore, this study provides a new insight into the short-term toxicity, distribution, and accumulation of PP microplastics in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijoon Lee
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseon Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahakro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Eun Sung
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Choi
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyoung Sung
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Shin
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahakro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Jeon
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkyu Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Kim
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Chenan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjong Lee
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Chenan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilsoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahakro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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34
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Ji J, Wu X, Li X, Zhu Y. Effects of microplastics in aquatic environments on inflammatory bowel disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115974. [PMID: 37088319 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing in recent years, particularly in newly industrialized nations. Environmental factors have been identified as playing a crucial role in IBD pathogenesis. Microplastics (MPs), a novel class of environmental pollutants, are a significant global pollution concern. MPs are found in almost all aquatic environments. MPs in the environment may pose health risks, specifically concerning the intestinal system, due to prolonged exposure through the consumption of aquatic foods and drinking water. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the impact of MPs in water resources on the occurrence and progression of IBD. Our systematic analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies found that MPs induce intestinal barrier dysfunction, imbalance in the intestinal microbiome, and metabolic abnormalities, ultimately leading to IBD. In addition, MP exposure causes greater harm to individuals with preexisting gastrointestinal disorders than those without them. Our analysis of this literature review highlights the need for further research to improve the understanding of the complex relationship between MP exposure and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ji
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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35
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Lee Y, Cho S, Park K, Kim T, Kim J, Ryu DY, Hong J. Potential lifetime effects caused by cellular uptake of nanoplastics: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121668. [PMID: 37087090 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have been used for about 100 years, and daily-use products composed of plastics are now prevalent. As a result, humans are very easily exposed to the plastic particles generated from the daily-use plastics. However, studies on cellular uptake of nanoplastics in "human cells" have only recently begun to attract attention. In previous studies, definitions of nanoplastics and microplastics were vague, but recently, they have been considered to be different and are being studied separately. However, nanoplastics, unlike plastic particles of other sizes such as macro- and microplastics, can be absorbed by human cells, and thus can cause various risks such as cytotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and even diseases such as cancer82, 83. and diabetes (Fan et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023). Thus, in this review, we defined microplastics and nanoplastics to be different and described the potential risks of nanoplastics to human caused by cellular uptake according to their diverse factors. In addition, during and following plastic product usage a substantial number of fragments of different sizes can be generated, including nanoplastics. Fragmentation of microplastics into nanoplastics may also occur during ingestion and inhalation, which can potentially cause long-term hazards to human health. However, there are still few in vivo studies conducted on the health effect of nanoplastics ingestion and inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongeun Cho
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Park
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taihyun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyu Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Vela L, Villacorta A, Venus T, Estrela-Lopis I, Pastor S, García-Rodriguez A, Rubio L, Marcos R, Hernández A. The potential effects of in vitro digestion on the physicochemical and biological characteristics of polystyrene nanoplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121656. [PMID: 37075918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of plastic waste in our environment has continued growing and become an important environmental concern. Because of its degradation into micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs), MNPLs are becoming environmental pollutants of special environmental/health concern. Since ingestion is one of the main exposure routes to MNPLs, the potential effects of digestion on the physicochemical/biological characteristics of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPLs) were determined. The results indicated a high tendency of digested PSNPLs to agglomerate and a differential presence of proteins on their surface. Interestingly, digested PSNPLs showed greater cell uptake than undigested PSNPLs in all three tested cell lines (TK6, Raji-B, and THP-1). Despite these differences in cell uptake, no differences in toxicity were observed except for high and assumed unrealistic exposures. When oxidative stress and genotoxicity induction were determined, the low effects observed after exposure to undigested PDNPLs were not observed in the digested ones. This indicated that the greater ability of digested PSNPLs to internalize was not accompanied by a greater hazard. This type of analysis should be performed with other MNPLs of varying sizes and chemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Vela
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Eugenio Espejo. Universidad UTE, Avenida Occidental y Mariana de Jesús, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Aliro Villacorta
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Tom Venus
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irina Estrela-Lopis
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susana Pastor
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alba García-Rodriguez
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Rubio
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Nanobiology Laboratory, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, PUCMM, Santiago de Los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Alba Hernández
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
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37
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Siddiqui SA, Khan S, Tariq T, Sameen A, Nawaz A, Walayat N, Oboturova NP, Ambartsumov TG, Nagdalian AA. Potential risk assessment and toxicological impacts of nano/micro-plastics on human health through food products. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 103:361-395. [PMID: 36863839 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The problem of environmental pollution with plastic is becoming more and more acute every year. Due to the low rate of decomposition of plastic, its particles get into food and harm the human body. This chapter focuses on the potential risks and toxicological effects of both nano and microplastics on human health. The main places of distribution of various toxicants along with the food chain have been established. The effects of some examples of the main sources of micro/nanoplastics on the human body are also emphasised. The processes of entry and accumulation of micro/nanoplastics are described, and the mechanism of accumulation that occurs inside the body is briefly explained. Potential toxic effects reported from studies on various organisms are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany; German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany.
| | - Sipper Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tayyaba Tariq
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Sameen
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Nawaz
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Noman Walayat
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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38
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Makhdoumi P, Pirsaheb M, Amin AA, Kianpour S, Hossini H. Microplastic pollution in table salt and sugar: occurrence, qualification and quantification and risk assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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39
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Jia R, Han J, Liu X, Li K, Lai W, Bian L, Yan J, Xi Z. Exposure to Polypropylene Microplastics via Oral Ingestion Induces Colonic Apoptosis and Intestinal Barrier Damage through Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:127. [PMID: 36851002 PMCID: PMC9962291 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Extensive environmental pollution by microplastics has increased the risk of human exposure to plastics. However, the biosafety of polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs), especially of PP particles < 10 μm, in mammals has not been studied. Thus, here, we explored the mechanism of action and effect of exposure to small and large PP-MPs, via oral ingestion, on the mouse intestinal tract. Male C57BL/6 mice were administered PP suspensions (8 and 70 μm; 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/mL) for 28 days. PP-MP treatment resulted in inflammatory pathological damage, ultrastructural changes in intestinal epithelial cells, imbalance of the redox system, and inflammatory reactions in the colon. Additionally, we observed damage to the tight junctions of the colon and decreased intestinal mucus secretion and ion transporter expression. Further, the apoptotic rate of colonic cells significantly increased after PP-MP treatment. The expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptosis proteins significantly increased in colon tissue, while the expression of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis proteins significantly decreased. In summary, this study demonstrates that PP-MPs induce colonic apoptosis and intestinal barrier damage through oxidative stress and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signal pathway in mice, which provides new insights into the toxicity of MPs in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jie Han
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wenqing Lai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Liping Bian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
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40
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Dong X, Liu X, Hou Q, Wang Z. From natural environment to animal tissues: A review of microplastics(nanoplastics) translocation and hazards studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158686. [PMID: 36099943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastic (NPs) pollution is a global concern due to the massive use of plastic products. Although there have been many studies on the treatments of animals with MPs/NPs, there are few systematic summaries of MPs/NPs translocation and hazards in animals. This review comprehensively summarizes the pathways by which animals are exposed to MPs/NPs in the environment, in particular, to summarize in detail their translocation and hazards in vivo. Studies have shown that MPs/NPs enter the animals' body through water, food, breath and even skin, enter the blood circulation through the lungs and digestive tract, and eventually accumulate in various tissues. After a summary of the studies, we found a high correlation between the tissue accumulation of MPs/NPs and their particle size, with 4-20 μm MPs appearing to be more prone to accumulate in tissues. These MPs/NPs accumulated in animal tissues may be transferred to humans through the food chain. Thus, we summarized the studies on the accumulation of MPs/NPs in livestock and poultry products, showing that MPs/NPs in livestock and poultry products gradually increased with the complexity of processing and packaging processes. There are few reports related to direct contamination of livestock products by MPs/NPs, we hope that this review will bring together the growing body of evidence that MPs/NPs can directly harm human health through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Dong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Xinbei Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Qiuling Hou
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China.
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41
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Leistenschneider C, Le Bohec C, Eisen O, Houstin A, Neff S, Primpke S, Zitterbart DP, Burkhardt-Holm P, Gerdts G. No evidence of microplastic ingestion in emperor penguin chicks (Aptenodytes forsteri) from the Atka Bay colony (Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158314. [PMID: 36041615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (<5 mm; MP) pollution has been an emerging threat for marine ecosystems around the globe with increasing evidence that even the world's most remote areas, including Antarctica, are no longer unaffected. Few studies however, have examined MP in Antarctic biota, and especially those from Antarctic regions with low human activity, meaning little is known about the extent to which biota are affected. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the occurrence of MP in the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), the only penguin species breeding around Antarctica during the austral winter, and an endemic apex predator in the Southern Ocean. To assess MP ingestion, the gizzards of 41 emperor penguin chicks from Atka Bay colony (Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica), were dissected and analyzed for MP >500 μm using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. A total of 85 putative particles, mostly in the shape of fibers (65.9 %), were sorted. However, none of the particles were identified as MP applying state-of-the-art methodology. Sorted fibers were further evidenced to originate from contamination during sample processing and analyses. We find that MP concentrations in the local food web of the Weddell Sea and Dronning Maud Land coastal and marginal sea-ice regions; the feeding grounds to chick-rearing emperor penguin adults, are currently at such low levels that no detectable biomagnification is occurring via trophic transfer. Being in contrast to MP studies on other Antarctic and sub-Antarctic penguin species, our comparative discussion including these studies, highlights the importance for standardized procedures for sampling, sample processing and analyses to obtain comparable results. We further discuss other stomach contents and their potential role for MP detection, as well as providing a baseline for the long-term monitoring of MP in apex predator species from this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Leistenschneider
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Man-Society-Environment Program, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Kurpromenade, 27498 Helgoland, Germany.
| | - Céline Le Bohec
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC UMR, 7178 Strasbourg, France; Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Département de Biologie Polaire, Monaco City, Monaco
| | - Olaf Eisen
- Glaciology, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Aymeric Houstin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC UMR, 7178 Strasbourg, France; Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Département de Biologie Polaire, Monaco City, Monaco
| | - Simon Neff
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Primpke
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Kurpromenade, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Daniel P Zitterbart
- Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA; Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patricia Burkhardt-Holm
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Man-Society-Environment Program, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Kurpromenade, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
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Lin Q, Zhao S, Pang L, Sun C, Chen L, Li F. Potential risk of microplastics in processed foods: Preliminary risk assessment concerning polymer types, abundance, and human exposure of microplastics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114260. [PMID: 36343455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) has been widely reported in human foodstuffs, and their potential negative effects on human health have been brought into focus. Processed foods are more susceptible to MPs as contamination can be introduced during processing and packaging. However, the risk posed by MPs in processed foods remained unclear. This work aims to critically review the available data for MPs in 11 types of possessed foods and to conduct a preliminary risk assessment of MPs in processed foods. For a comprehensive evaluation, three indicators were selected and determined, namely chemical risk, pollution load, and estimated daily intake (EDI). Our results suggest that nori has the highest chemical risk, followed by canned fish, beverages, table salt, and other food items. In the case of pollution load, nori and milk fall into the risk category of Ⅳ and Ⅲ respectively. Table salts, bottled water, and sugar exhibited lower MPs pollution load (risk category of Ⅱ), whereas the pollution loads of other foods were calculated to be category Ⅰ. Moreover, a correlation between the pollution load of sea salts and MPs pollution level in ambient seawater was found. Regarding EDI of MPs from different processed foods, MPs intakes through bottled water (14.3 ± 3.4 n kg-1 d-1) and milk (6.6 ± 2.4 n kg-1 d-1) are significantly higher than that of the other foods (< 1 n kg-1 d-1). The probabilistic estimation of MPs daily intake indicated that children (19.7 n kg-1 d-1) are at a higher health risk than adults (female: 17.6 n kg-1 d-1, male: 12.6 n kg-1 d-1). Nevertheless, the exposure dose used in toxicological studies was about 10 times higher than the MPs intake via processed foods. Therefore, we argued that MPs in processed foods only carry limited risk. Overall, this study would provide the basis for risk management of MPs in processed food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Lin
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lihua Pang
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Cuizhu Sun
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Fengmin Li
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China; Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Shao Z, Su J, Dong J, Liang M, Xiao J, Liu J, Zeng Q, Li Y, Huang W, Chen C. Aggregation kinetics of polystyrene nanoplastics in gastric environments: Effects of plastic properties, solution conditions, and gastric constituents. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107628. [PMID: 36395559 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are inevitably ingested into human gastric environment, wherein their aggregation kinetics and interactions with gastric constituents remain unclear. This study investigated the early-stage (20 min) and long-term (1-6 h) aggregation kinetics of four commonly-found polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) including NP100 (100-nm), A-NP100 (100-nm, amino-modified), C-NP100 (100-nm, carboxyl-modified), and NP500 (500-nm) under gastric conditions. Five simulated human gastric fluids (SGFs) including SGF1-3 (0-3.2 g/L pepsin and 34.2 mM NaCl), SGF4 (400 mM glycine), and SGF5 (nine constituents), three pH (2, fasted state; 3.5, late-fed state; and 5, early-fed state), and 1-100 mg/L PSNPs were examined. Aggregation rates ranked NP100 > A-NP100 ≈ C-NP100 > NP500, SGF5 > SGF4 > SGF3 > SGF2 > SGF1, and pH 2 > 3.5 > 5. Increasing PSNP concentration enhanced aggregation rate up to 13.82 nm/s. Aggregation behavior generally followed the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Pepsin, glycine, and proteose-peptone strongly influenced PSNP stability via electrostatic interaction and steric hindrance imparted by protein corona. Freundlich isotherm suggested that PSNPs adsorbed organic constituents following lysozyme > porcine bile > proteose-peptone > pepsin > glycine > D-glucose, inducing changes in constituent structure and PSNP properties. These findings provide insights on the transport of nanoplastics in the gastric environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Shao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jiana Su
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jiawei Dong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Miaoting Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jindie Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zeng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Weilin Huang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Chengyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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Jiménez‐Arroyo C, Tamargo A, Molinero N, Moreno‐Arribas MV. The gut microbiota, a key to understanding the health implications of micro(nano)plastics and their biodegradation. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:34-53. [PMID: 36415969 PMCID: PMC9803334 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of plastic debris on the environment and plant, animal, and human health are a global challenge, with micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) being the main focus. MNPs are found so often in the food chain that they are provoking an increase in human intake. They have been detected in most categories of consumed foods, drinking water, and even human feces. Therefore, oral ingestion becomes the main source of exposure to MNPs, and the gastrointestinal tract, primarily the gut, constantly interacts with these small particles. The consequences of human exposure to MNPs remain unclear. However, current in vivo studies and in vitro gastrointestinal tract models have shown that MNPs of several types and sizes impact gut intestinal bacteria, affecting gut homeostasis. The typical microbiome signature of MNP ingestion is often associated with dysbiosis and loss of resilience, leads to frequent pathogen outbreaks, and local and systemic metabolic disorders. Moreover, the small micro- and nano-plastic particles found in animal tissues with accumulated evidence of microbial degradation of plastics/MNPs by bacteria and insect gut microbiota raise the issue of whether human gut bacteria make key contributions to the bio-transformation of ingested MNPs. Here, we discuss these issues and unveil the complex interplay between MNPs and the human gut microbiome. Therefore, the elucidation of the biological consequences of this interaction on both host and microbiota is undoubtedly challenging. It is expected that microbial biotechnology and microbiome research could help decipher the extent to which gut microorganisms diversify and MNP-determinant species, mechanisms, and enzymatic systems, as well as become important to understand our response to MNP exposure and provide background information to inspire future holistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alba Tamargo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL)CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Natalia Molinero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL)CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
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Sun W, Jin C, Bai Y, Ma R, Deng Y, Gao Y, Pan G, Yang Z, Yan L. Blood uptake and urine excretion of nano- and micro-plastics after a single exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157639. [PMID: 35905964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and micro-plastic (NMP) pollution has emerged as a global issue; however, uptake in the blood is controversial. Also, there is no evidence that NMPs are excreted via urine. This study was designed to clarify the time course of NMPs absorption in blood and the excretion in urine. Male mice received a single administration of fluorescent polystyrene (PS) beads (100-nm and 3-μm) via tail vein injection, gavage, or pulmonary perfusion. Blood and urine samples were measured 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after exposure by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to corroborate the findings. Fluorescence particles were detected in both blood and urine from the 100-nm and 3-μm PS-treated groups after exposure. In the 3-μm PS treated group, particles with corresponding diameters were detected after intravenous injection and pulmonary perfusion, and particles with a diameter <3 μm were detected in blood samples after gavage. The fluorescent signal in urine was particularly weak and the size was <3 μm. Significant time course changes in fluorescence intensity were demonstrated in blood and urine (P < 0.05) after intravenous injection and pulmonary perfusion in the 100-nm PS-treated group. By contrast, significant changes were detected in the urine (P < 0.05), but not the blood, after gavage. TEM confirmed the presence of particles with corresponding diameters in blood samples; however, the excretion in urine was difficult to confirm for nano-plastics (NPs) and micro-plastics (MPs) because all particles with diameters of approximately 100 nm and 3 μm had irregular shapes and no clear boundaries. Our findings revealed that both NPs and MPs enter the blood circulation through digestive and respiratory pathways. Both 100-nm and 3-μm NMPs may be excreted through urine, but further evidence is needed. The physical and chemical properties of MPs may be impacted by digestive processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Institute of Preventive Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglong Bai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Institute of Preventive Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Pan
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Institute of Preventive Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuosen Yang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Institute of Chronic Diseases, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjun Yan
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Chen H, Chen H, Nan S, Liu H, Chen L, Yu L. Investigation of Microplastics in Digestion System: Effect on Surface Microstructures and Probiotics. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:882-892. [PMID: 35920852 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are increasingly attentions on the pollution from microplastics, especially the impact on human health. This work focuses on one hand the effect of digestion system on the surface microstructures of microplastics from the most popular sources such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride. On the other hand, how these microplastic affect probiotics in digestion system was also investigated to evaluate their toxicity on health. All the samples were treated by in vitro simulating digestion consisting of three phases: oral, gastric and intestinal. There were no physical differences observed by both Scanning Electronic Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy, and no significant chemical changes detected by both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy after digestion treatment. The effect of these microplastics on tested strains were investigated by in vitro culture method and results showed that polystyrene microplastics could inhibit the growth of the Lactobacillus significantly. The results indicated that the digestion system could not decompose microplastics, even on the surfaces, since plastics are inert due to their low chemical reactivity, but the microplastics might lead to imbalance of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Centre for Polymers From Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, SCUT, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Centre for Polymers From Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, SCUT, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shugang Nan
- Centre for Polymers From Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, SCUT, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Centre for Polymers From Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, SCUT, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Centre for Polymers From Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, SCUT, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Long Yu
- Centre for Polymers From Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, SCUT, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China.
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Jasinski J, Wilde MV, Voelkl M, Jérôme V, Fröhlich T, Freitag R, Scheibel T. Tailor-Made Protein Corona Formation on Polystyrene Microparticles and its Effect on Epithelial Cell Uptake. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47277-47287. [PMID: 36194482 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic particles are pollutants in the environment with a potential impact on ecology and human health. As soon as microplastic particles get in contact with complex (biological) environments, they will be covered by an eco- and/or protein corona. In this contribution, protein corona formation was conducted under defined laboratory conditions on polystyrene (PS) microparticles to investigate the influence on surface properties, protein corona evolution, particle-cell interactions, and uptake in two murine epithelial cells. To direct protein corona formation, PS particles were preincubated with five model proteins, namely, bovine serum albumin (BSA), myoglobin, β-lactoglobulin, lysozyme, and fibrinogen. Subsequently, the single-protein-coated particles were incubated in a cell culture medium containing a cocktail of serum proteins to analyze changes in the protein corona profile as well as in the binding kinetics of the model proteins. Therein, we could show that the precoating step has a critical impact on the final composition of the protein corona. Yet, since proteins building the primary corona were still detectable after additional incubations in a protein-containing medium, backtracking of the particle's history is possible. Interestingly, whereas the precoating history significantly disturbs particle-cell interactions (PCIs), the cellular response (i.e., metabolic activity, MTT assay) stays unaffected. Of note, lysozyme precoating revealed one of the highest rates in PCI for both epithelial cell lines. Taken together, we could show that particle history has a significant impact on protein corona formation and subsequently on the interaction of particles with murine intestinal epithelial-like cells. However, as this study was limited to one cell type, further work is needed to assess if these observations can be generalized to other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jasinski
- Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Magdalena V Wilde
- Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), LMU München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Voelkl
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), LMU München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Material Science (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Sánchez A, Rodríguez-Viso P, Domene A, Orozco H, Vélez D, Devesa V. Dietary microplastics: Occurrence, exposure and health implications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113150. [PMID: 35341751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of plastic materials generates an enormous amount of waste. In the aquatic environment, a significant part of this waste is present in the form of microplastics (MPs)- particles with a diameter of between 0.1 μm and 5 mm. The arrival of these small plastics in the food chain has been recently documented. MPs have been reported in fishery products, drinking water and sea salt among other foods. Their intestinal absorption is considered limited due to their size, however, they contain a mixture of chemicals intentionally added during their manufacture, which could cross the intestinal barrier. Currently there are not enough data to allow an accurate assessment of the risk associated with dietary exposure to MPs. The lack of robust methodologies is undoubtedly one of the main problems. There is limited information on occurrence in dietary sources (drinking water and food), human intake, toxicokinetics and long term toxicity of these contaminants. The present review describes the studies published so far and points to the need for improved knowledge in order to have a more accurate view of the problems posed by MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Sánchez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Viso
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián Domene
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Helena Orozco
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Jhang YJ, Chang YT, Hsiao IL. P12-11 Characterization of size and agglomeration state of polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride nanoplastics during artificial digestion in the presence or absence of food matrix. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Rodrigues ACB, de Jesus GP, Waked D, Gomes GL, Silva TM, Yariwake VY, da Silva MP, Magaldi AJ, Veras MM. Scientific Evidence about the Risks of Micro and Nanoplastics (MNPLs) to Human Health and Their Exposure Routes through the Environment. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060308. [PMID: 35736916 PMCID: PMC9228263 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, a large amount and variety of plastic is being produced and consumed by human beings on an enormous scale. Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPLs) have become ubiquitous since they can be found in many ecosystem components. Plastic particles can be found in soil, water, and air. The routes of human exposure are numerous, mainly involving ingestion and inhalation. Once ingested, these particles interact with the gastrointestinal tract and digestive fluids. They can adsorb substances such as additives, heavy metals, proteins, or even microorganisms on their surface, which can cause toxicity. During inhalation, they can be inhaled according to their respective sizes. Studies have reported that exposure to MNPLs can cause damage to the respiratory tract, creating problems such as bronchitis, asthma, fibrosis, and pneumothorax. The reports of boards and committees indicate that there is little data published and available on the toxicity of MNPLs as well as the exposure levels in humans. Despite the well-established concept of MNPLs, their characteristics, and presence in the environment, little is known about their real effects on human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Bastos Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.C.B.R.); (G.P.d.J.); (D.W.); (G.L.G.); (T.M.S.); (V.Y.Y.); (M.P.d.S.)
| | - Gabriel Pereira de Jesus
- Laboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.C.B.R.); (G.P.d.J.); (D.W.); (G.L.G.); (T.M.S.); (V.Y.Y.); (M.P.d.S.)
| | - Dunia Waked
- Laboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.C.B.R.); (G.P.d.J.); (D.W.); (G.L.G.); (T.M.S.); (V.Y.Y.); (M.P.d.S.)
| | - Gabriel Leandro Gomes
- Laboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.C.B.R.); (G.P.d.J.); (D.W.); (G.L.G.); (T.M.S.); (V.Y.Y.); (M.P.d.S.)
| | - Thamires Moraes Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.C.B.R.); (G.P.d.J.); (D.W.); (G.L.G.); (T.M.S.); (V.Y.Y.); (M.P.d.S.)
| | - Victor Yuji Yariwake
- Laboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.C.B.R.); (G.P.d.J.); (D.W.); (G.L.G.); (T.M.S.); (V.Y.Y.); (M.P.d.S.)
| | - Mariane Paula da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.C.B.R.); (G.P.d.J.); (D.W.); (G.L.G.); (T.M.S.); (V.Y.Y.); (M.P.d.S.)
| | - Antônio José Magaldi
- Kidney Research Laboratory–LIM12, Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil;
| | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratory of Experimental and Environmental Pathology–LIM05, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.C.B.R.); (G.P.d.J.); (D.W.); (G.L.G.); (T.M.S.); (V.Y.Y.); (M.P.d.S.)
- Correspondence:
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