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Shi Z, Li Y, Song X, Wang Y, Li J, Wei S. The burden of cancer attributable to dietary dioxins and dioxin-like compounds exposure in China, 2000-2020. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 194:109080. [PMID: 39579443 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024]
Abstract
Dioxin is a typical class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that could cause cancer. In China, the contribution of dietary dioxins to the cancer burden remains underexplored. This study evaluates the cancer risk and burden due to dietary dioxins and dioxin-like compounds among Chinese residents from 2000 to 2020. Based on adjustments in China's dioxin policies, the study period was divided into three stages with split years of 2007 and 2014 to estimate the toxic equivalent (TEQ) of dioxins. Participants in dietary surveys conducted in 31 provinces were included. Dietary exposure to dioxins was estimated in a probability model and compared with the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI). The risk was assessed using carcinogenic slope factors and expressed as the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). A two-stage model evaluated the burden of cancer attributable to dietary dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Among all food categories, the highest concentration of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds was observed in aquatic foods at 0.15 pg TEQ/kg. Median dietary exposure to dioxins among Chinese residents decreased from 12.39 pg TEQ/kg/month to 8.72 pg TEQ/kg/month between 2000 and 2020. Consequently, the ILCR due to dietary dioxins declined from 6.44 × 10-5 to 4.53 × 10-5. The health risks were higher in younger groups and among residents of coastal areas (P < 0.001). The burden of cancer attributable to dietary intake of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in the Chinese population in 2000-2007, 2008-2014, and 2015-2020 was 2.25 (2.09-2.42) per 100,000, 2.20 (2.06-2.35) per 100,000, and 1.68 (1.60-1.77) per 100,000, respectively. Furthermore, the disease burden was highest for prostate cancer in men and for breast cancer in women. The dioxin management policies has reduced the burden of cancer attributable to dietary exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in China. However, excess exposure in coastal areas and children remains a priority for attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Shi
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Yiling Li
- Department of Public Health, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Song
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Yibaina Wang
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Jianwen Li
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, PR China.
| | - Sheng Wei
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China.
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Becerra-Tomás N, Arija V, Jardí C, Riggioni-Saborío L, Bedmar C, Canals-Sans J. Dietary exposure to metals/metalloids and persistent organic pollutants in Spanish preschool and primary school children. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 193:115030. [PMID: 39368540 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Diet is a primary source of pollutant exposure. Given children's vulnerability to their effects, this study assessed dietary intake of metals/metalloids and different persistent organic pollutants in children in Tarragona (Spain), compared it with the health-based guideline values (HBGV), and identified the main dietary sources. The analysis included 533 preschoolers and 443 primary school children from the EPINED and ECLIPSES studies. Dietary intake of cadmium (Cd), methylmercury (MeHg), lead (Pb), inorganic arsenic (inAs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs), and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) was estimated using validated food frequency questionnaires and a database from the Catalan Agency for Food Safety. Preschoolers and primary school children exceeded the relevant reference value for InAs and DL-PCBs. Only preschoolers exceeded the limit for MeHg and PCDD/Fs. Cd, Pb, and NDL-PCBs intakes did not exceed the limits in either age group. Salted cereals/potatoes were the main source of InAs; fish for MeHg and DL-PCBs; and milk/yogurt for PCDD/Fs, followed by white fish in preschoolers and fatty fish in primary school children. The findings highlight that dietary exposure to some pollutants poses a significant risk to these children, emphasizing the need for public health policies to reduce pollutants in their diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Unitat de Salut Pública i Epidemiologia Nutricional, Reus, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Victoria Arija
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Unitat de Salut Pública i Epidemiologia Nutricional, Reus, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005, Tarragona, Spain; Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Collaborative Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Tobacco (CENIT), Institut D'Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol, Reus, Spain; Institut D'Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol, Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain; University Research Institute on Sustainablility, Climate Change and Energy Transition (IU-RESCAT), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Jardí
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Unitat de Salut Pública i Epidemiologia Nutricional, Reus, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Lucía Riggioni-Saborío
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Unitat de Salut Pública i Epidemiologia Nutricional, Reus, Spain.
| | - Cristina Bedmar
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Unitat de Salut Pública i Epidemiologia Nutricional, Reus, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Josefa Canals-Sans
- Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005, Tarragona, Spain; University Research Institute on Sustainablility, Climate Change and Energy Transition (IU-RESCAT), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003, Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain.
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Ahmad A, Noor AE, Anwar A, Majeed S, Khan S, Ul Nisa Z, Ali S, Gnanasekaran L, Rajendran S, Li H. Support based metal incorporated layered nanomaterials for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119481. [PMID: 38917930 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
An effective approach to producing sophisticated miniaturized and nanoscale materials involves arranging nanomaterials into layered hierarchical frameworks. Nanostructured layered materials are constructed to possess isolated propagation assets, massive surface areas, and envisioned amenities, making them suitable for a variety of established and novel applications. The utilization of various techniques to create nanostructures adorned with metal nanoparticles provides a secure alternative or reinforcement for the existing physicochemical methods. Supported metal nanoparticles are preferred due to their ease of recovery and usage. Researchers have extensively studied the catalytic properties of noble metal nanoparticles using various selective oxidation and hydrogenation procedures. Despite the numerous advantages of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs), their catalytic potential remains incompletely explored. This article examines metal-based nanomaterials that are supported by layers, and provides an analysis of their manufacturing, procedures, and synthesis. This study incorporates both 2D and 3D layered nanomaterials because of their distinctive layered architectures. This review focuses on the most common metal-supported nanocomposites and methodologies used for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes employing layered nanomaterials. The comprehensive examination of biological and ecological cleaning and treatment techniques discussed in this article has paved the way for the exploration of cutting-edge technologies that can contribute to the establishment of a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Arsh E Noor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Anwar
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Saadat Majeed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Safia Khan
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Zaib Ul Nisa
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Lalitha Gnanasekaran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - Hu Li
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
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Eleazar EG, Carrera ARM, Quiambao JIR, Caparanga AR, Tayo LL. QSTR Models in Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds Provide Insights into Gene Expression Dysregulation. TOXICS 2024; 12:597. [PMID: 39195699 PMCID: PMC11359467 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDD/Fs) are a group of organic chemicals containing three-ring structures that can be substituted with one to eight chlorine atoms, leading to 75 dioxin and 135 furan congeners. As endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), they can alter physiological processes causing a number of disorders. In this study, quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) studies were used to determine the correlations between the PCDD/Fs' molecular structures and various toxicity endpoints. Strong QSTR models, with the coefficients of determination (r2) values greater than 0.95 and ANOVA p-values less than 0.0001 were established between molecular descriptors and the endpoints of bioconcentration, fathead minnow LC50, and Daphnia magna LC50. The ability of PCDD/Fs to bind to several nuclear receptors was investigated via molecular docking studies. The results show comparable, and in some instances better, binding affinities of PCDD/Fs toward the receptors relative to their natural agonistic and antagonistic ligands, signifying possible interference with the receptors' natural biological activities. These studies were accompanied by the molecular dynamics simulations of the top-binding PCDD/Fs to show changes in the receptor-ligand complexes during binding and provide insights into these compounds' ability to interfere with transcription and thereby modify gene expression. This introspection of PCDD/Fs at the molecular level provides a deeper understanding of these compounds' toxicity and opens avenues for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa G. Eleazar
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (E.G.E.); (A.R.M.C.); (A.R.C.)
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
| | - Andrei Raphael M. Carrera
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (E.G.E.); (A.R.M.C.); (A.R.C.)
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
| | - Janus Isaiah R. Quiambao
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
| | - Alvin R. Caparanga
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (E.G.E.); (A.R.M.C.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
- Department of Biology, School of Health Sciences, Mapua University, Makati 1200, Philippines
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Tian Y, Rimal B, Bisanz JE, Gui W, Wolfe TM, Koo I, Murray IA, Nettleford SK, Yokoyama S, Dong F, Koshkin S, Prabhu KS, Turnbaugh PJ, Walk ST, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. Effects of Early Life Exposures to the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand TCDF on Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolic Homeostasis in C57BL/6J Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:87005. [PMID: 39140734 PMCID: PMC11323762 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and disruptions in the gastrointestinal microbiota have been positively correlated with a predisposition to factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes; however, it is unclear how the microbiome contributes to this relationship. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the association between early life exposure to a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist and persistent disruptions in the microbiota, leading to impaired metabolic homeostasis later in life. METHODS This study used metagenomics, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)- and mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics, and biochemical assays to analyze the gut microbiome composition and function, as well as the physiological and metabolic effects of early life exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) in conventional, germ-free (GF), and Ahr-null mice. The impact of TCDF on Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) in vitro was assessed using optical density (OD 600), flow cytometry, transcriptomics, and MS-based metabolomics. RESULTS TCDF-exposed mice exhibited lower abundances of A. muciniphila, lower levels of cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), as well as lower levels of the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), findings suggestive of disruption in the gut microbiome community structure and function. Importantly, microbial and metabolic phenotypes associated with early life POP exposure were transferable to GF recipients in the absence of POP carry-over. In addition, AHR-independent interactions between POPs and the microbiota were observed, and they were significantly associated with growth, physiology, gene expression, and metabolic activity outcomes of A. muciniphila, supporting suppressed activity along the ILA pathway. CONCLUSIONS These data obtained in a mouse model point to the complex effects of POPs on the host and microbiota, providing strong evidence that early life, short-term, and self-limiting POP exposure can adversely impact the microbiome, with effects persisting into later life with associated health implications. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bipin Rimal
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jordan E. Bisanz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wei Gui
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Trenton M. Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Iain A. Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaneice K. Nettleford
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fangcong Dong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sergei Koshkin
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter J. Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Seth T. Walk
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Saleem MH, Mfarrej MFB, Khan KA, Alharthy SA. Emerging trends in wastewater treatment: Addressing microorganic pollutants and environmental impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169755. [PMID: 38176566 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on the challenges and advances associated with the treatment and management of microorganic pollutants, encompassing pesticides, industrial chemicals, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment. The translocation of these contaminants across multiple media, particularly through atmospheric transport, emphasizes their pervasive nature and the subsequent ecological risks. The urgency to develop cost-effective remediation strategies for emerging organic contaminants is paramount. As such, wastewater-based epidemiology and the increasing concern over estrogenicity are explored. By incorporating conventional and innovative wastewater treatment techniques, this article highlights the integration of environmental management strategies, analytical methodologies, and the importance of renewable energy in waste treatment. The primary objective is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the current scenario, imminent threats, and future directions in mitigating the effects of these pollutants on the environment. Furthermore, the review underscores the need for international collaboration in developing standardized guidelines and policies for monitoring and controlling these microorganic pollutants. It advocates for increased investment in research and development of advanced materials and technologies that can efficiently remove or neutralize these contaminants, thereby safeguarding environmental health and promoting sustainable practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Manar Fawzi Bani Mfarrej
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Center of Bee Research and its Products, Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, and Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saif A Alharthy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Toxicology and Forensic Sciences Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Godéré M, Cariou R, Padioleau A, Vénisseau A, Marchand P, Brosseau A, Vaccher V, Le Bizec B, Dervilly G. Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Foods from the French Market: Occurrence, Dietary Exposure, and Evaluation of Relative Contributions to Dioxin-like Contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1721-1730. [PMID: 38193699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in PCNs and the dioxin-like toxicity exhibited by a number of congeners, a comprehensive assessment of their contribution to the cocktail of dioxin-like contaminants is still lacking. To address such a shortcoming, this study investigated the PCN contamination in foodstuffs recently acquired in France, together with that of the regulatory polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCNs were ubiquitous at levels (∑70 PCNs = 2.5-150 pg g-1 wet weight) similar to those reported in other countries, with maximum concentrations observed in fish and fishery products from the North-East Atlantic Ocean. Their congener patterns further suggested unintentional releases of PCNs, while those of the other foodstuffs were correlated to the historical PCN profiles. Low risk from dietary exposure was estimated (∑70 PCNs-EDIs of 60-360 pg kg-1 bw d-1, ∑24 PCNs-TEQ-EDIs of 8 × 10-3-2.2 × 10-2 pg TEQ kg-1 bw d-1), with milk and dairy products being the highest contributors, followed by meat and meat products. Finally, the rather high contributions of PCNs to the total PCNs+PCDD/Fs+PCBs concentrations (0.9-50%, average of 9%) and the toxic equivalents (0.2-24%, average of 5%) show that these substances are not minor components of the PCNs+PCDD/Fs+PCBs cocktail.
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Sunya S, Yenuthok A, Paengphua P, Sangsuay S. Estimation of dietary intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls from the Thai total diet study in 2019. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114154. [PMID: 37898235 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intakes of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were assessed in the Thai Total Diet Study (TDS) in 2019. Food samples including portable water (n = 1048) were collected from four regions of Thailand to represent a whole diet of Thai population, prepared as consumed and analyzed. To estimate the dietary intakes of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs, the concentrations in 18 food groups were combined with the respective food consumption from the national consumption data of Thailand and with a mean body weight of 57.57 kg for Thai population aged ≥ 3 years. The dietary intakes of PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs and ∑PCDD/Fs/DL-PCBs were estimated to be 8.09, 4.93 and 13.02 pg WHO2005-TEQ kg-1 body weight month-1, respectively (upper bound). The major contributors to the total dietary intake were marine animals, followed by milk and milk products, freshwater animals, pork and pork products, and eggs, corresponding to 26, 22, 21, 10 and 9%, respectively. In comparison to health-based guidance value (HBGV), the intake of ∑PCDD/Fs/DL-PCBs (upper bound) was equal to 19% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake set by JECFA in 2001. Moreover, a comparison with other HBGVs was additionally presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirichai Sunya
- Bureau of Quality and Safety of Food, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand.
| | - Aekgphoonnada Yenuthok
- Bureau of Quality and Safety of Food, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Piyawat Paengphua
- Bureau of Quality and Safety of Food, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Supat Sangsuay
- Bureau of Quality and Safety of Food, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
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Gao J, Xu Y, Zhong T, Yu X, Wang L, Xiao Y, Peng Y, Sun Q. A review of food contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and its toxicity associated with metabolic disorders. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100617. [PMID: 37881334 PMCID: PMC10594546 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioxins are a group of chemicals not only regarded as highly toxic trace environmental contaminants, but also considered typical contaminants in food. Dioxins spread across the ecosystem after factory manufacture, contaminate the soil and vegetation before either directly or indirectly entering the food chain through meat products, dairy products, and aquatic products. The compound in question poses a challenge for metabolic processes within the human body, due to its intricate mechanism for inducing diseases. Therefore, it presents a significant risk and is largely undisclosed. Dioxins are mainly exposed to humans by water, food, and air, as well as inducing organ failure and metabolic disorders through but not limited to the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR). As a notorious compound in the family of dioxins, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exhibits long-term toxic effects on diverse organs, which induces continuous metabolic disorders. This review discussed the mechanisms of TCDD-associated metabolic syndrome. The expression of the cytochrome P450 subfamily transfers TCDD into liver, promotes its accumulation in fat tissue, and affects cholesterol metabolism. This process also alters the glucose tolerance of the human organism, disrupting glucose metabolism. It can also elicit cardiovascular pathogenesis, exacerbate liver fibrosis and neuronal death. The long-term metabolic impact of this effect is found to be sex-related. This review summarized the toxicity of TCDD on the human metabolism system and discussed the plausible correlation between TCDD and five metabolic disorders, which helped offer novel insights for future research and therapeutic interventions for these ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhe Gao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, USA
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10
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Dolce A, Della Torre S. Sex, Nutrition, and NAFLD: Relevance of Environmental Pollution. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102335. [PMID: 37242221 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease and represents an increasing public health issue given the limited treatment options and its association with several other metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The epidemic, still growing prevalence of NAFLD worldwide cannot be merely explained by changes in diet and lifestyle that occurred in the last few decades, nor from their association with genetic and epigenetic risk factors. It is conceivable that environmental pollutants, which act as endocrine and metabolic disruptors, may contribute to the spreading of this pathology due to their ability to enter the food chain and be ingested through contaminated food and water. Given the strict interplay between nutrients and the regulation of hepatic metabolism and reproductive functions in females, pollutant-induced metabolic dysfunctions may be of particular relevance for the female liver, dampening sex differences in NAFLD prevalence. Dietary intake of environmental pollutants can be particularly detrimental during gestation, when endocrine-disrupting chemicals may interfere with the programming of liver metabolism, accounting for the developmental origin of NAFLD in offspring. This review summarizes cause-effect evidence between environmental pollutants and increased incidence of NAFLD and emphasizes the need for further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Dolce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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11
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Coccia M, Bontempi E. New trajectories of technologies for the removal of pollutants and emerging contaminants in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115938. [PMID: 37086878 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Modern society has increasingly a diffusion of pollutants and emerging contaminants (e.g., different types of chemicals and endocrine disruptors in pharmaceuticals, pesticides, household cleaning, and personal care products, etc.) that have detrimental effects on the environment (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and anthroposphere) and also generate diseases and disorders on the people health. Environmental science requires efforts in the detection and elimination of manifold pollutants and emerging pollutants with appropriate product and process technologies. This study aims to analyze different paths of treatment technologies to investigate their evolution and predict new directions of promising technological trajectories to support the removal of contaminants directed to reach, whenever possible, sustainable development objectives. The work is mainly devoted to wastewater treatment technologies. A proposed model analyzes the evolution of patents (proxy of innovation and new technology) on publications (proxy of science and knowledge advances) to quantify the relative growth rate of new trajectories of technologies to remove pollutants and emerging contaminants. Results reveal that new directions of treatment technologies having an accelerated rate of growth are (in decreasing order): biochar and reverse osmosis in physical-based technologies, coagulation, and disinfection water treatments in chemical-based technologies and anaerobic processes in biological-based technologies. Other main technologies, such as carbon nanotubes and advanced oxidation processes, seem to be in the initial phase of development and need learning by using processes and further science and technology advances to be implemented as effective treatments and cost-effective. The results here are in accord with global water and wastewater equipment treatment market revenues by technology, showing a similar trend. These findings bring us to the main information to extend the knowledge about new directions of technologies for the treatment and/or elimination of pollutants and microorganisms that can support decisions of policymakers towards goals of sustainable development by reducing environmental degradation and people health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Coccia
- National Research Council of Italy, IRCRES-CNR, Turin Research Area of the National Research Council, Strada Delle Cacce, 73-10135, Torino, Italy.
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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12
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Yang X, Chen W, Jin J, Hu J. Levels, enrichment characteristics and dietary intake risk of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furans in traditional smoked pork. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121657. [PMID: 37075920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and TEQs of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furans (PCDD/Fs) in traditional smoked pork were significantly higher than those in raw pork, and mainly distributed in the surface layer. The main enriched congeners during traditional smoking were 2378-TCDF, 12378-PeCDF, 23478-PeCDF, 1234678-HpCDF, OCDF, 1234678-HpCDD and OCDD. The ability of each congener to transfer from the surface to the inner part was various. According to the dietary habits of local residents, PCDD/Fs in more than half of the traditional smoked pork samples posed a potential carcinogenic risk, and the risk in the surface samples were 1.02-10.2 times that of the corresponding inner samples. Some variables might be the important factors affecting the concentration of PCDD/Fs in smoked pork, such as the duration of smoking and the kind of fuel. It is recommended to achieve lower risk by reducing the consumption of smoked pork, especially the surface layer of smoked pork, and innovating traditional smoking technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Hainan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China.
| | - Wenming Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jicheng Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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13
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Dong S, Li J, Zhang L, Zhang S, Zou Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Wang P. Distributions of polychlorinated naphthalenes in beef from China and associated health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121245. [PMID: 36758928 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are toxic and can accumulate through the food chain. PCNs have been detected in different categories of foods. Intake of animal-derived foods is an important pathway for human exposure to PCNs. However, information on PCNs in meat from farmed animals is scarce. In this study, PCNs were assessed in beef sourced from local markets in Beijing and six provinces in China. The mean PCN concentrations in beef samples from the seven regions varied from 41.2 to 88.7 pg/g wet weight (ww). The homologue profiles of PCNs in the specimens were similar, with tri- and di-CNs being dominant. The mean concentration of PCNs in the flank (74.7 pg/g ww) was higher than that in the round (58.2 pg/g ww) or shank (53.6 pg/g ww), likely because the former contained a higher proportion of lipids than the latter. Significantly different PCN distributions in beef and dairy cow milk were identified using machine learning. The toxic equivalencies (TEQs) of PCNs in all beef samples ranged from 0.0003 to 0.022 pg TEQ/g ww. PCNs contributed to approximately 4.6% of the total TEQ values of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and PCNs in the beef. Health risks related to the intake of PCNs through beef consumption by the average person living in China were minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Organic Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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14
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Huang CW, Huang WY, Lin C, Li YL, Huang TP, Bui XT, Ngo HH. Ecological risk assessment and corrective actions for dioxin-polluted sediment in a chemical plant's brine water storage pond. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160239. [PMID: 36402325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the known high toxicity of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs, or dioxins), there are few case studies of PCDD/Fs contamination in sediment and there remains much to learn regarding their ecological impact. In this study, we performed an environmental risk assessment of a brine water storage pond near a chemical plant with high PCDD/Fs pollution potential before and after corrective actions. We found PCDD/F accumulation in the pond's fish and crab from the brine water storage pond, and the PCDD/Fs concentrations in biota higher than Taiwan's food safety standard (3.5 pg-TEQ/g). Furthermore, we found a high degree of pollution using different indices, including contamination factor (CF), modified degree of contamination (mCd), and pollution index (PI), in the pond's sediment. Before corrective actions, we also found high risk in the PCDD/F contamination in the sediment using various biological risk indices, including potential ecological risk index (RI) and risk quotient (RQ). After the corrective actions, including institutional/engineering control and remediation, the CF, mCd, and PI had decreased by 20-41 % and RI and RQ by 41-56 %. In addition, despite the slight reduction of pollution and risk index values in the whole pond, significant reduction was observed in the sediment of highly polluted area A owing to the lower disturbing suction dredging. In conclusion, the corrective actions used in this study helped decrease the pollution and ecological risk associated with this site's PCDD/Fs polluted sediment to some extent, suggesting that contamination and risk could be reduced to acceptable levels if these corrective actions are continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Lin Li
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Po Huang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Dept. Water Science & Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
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15
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Guillotin S, Delcourt N. Studying the Impact of Persistent Organic Pollutants Exposure on Human Health by Proteomic Analysis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214271. [PMID: 36430748 PMCID: PMC9692675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic chemical substances that are widely distributed in environments around the globe. POPs accumulate in living organisms and are found at high concentrations in the food chain. Humans are thus continuously exposed to these chemical substances, in which they exert hepatic, reproductive, developmental, behavioral, neurologic, endocrine, cardiovascular, and immunologic adverse health effects. However, considerable information is unknown regarding the mechanism by which POPs exert their adverse effects in humans, as well as the molecular and cellular responses involved. Data are notably lacking concerning the consequences of acute and chronic POP exposure on changes in gene expression, protein profile, and metabolic pathways. We conducted a systematic review to provide a synthesis of knowledge of POPs arising from proteomics-based research. The data source used for this review was PubMed. This study was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. Of the 742 items originally identified, 89 were considered in the review. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the most recent research and available solutions to explore proteomics datasets to identify new features relevant to human health. Future perspectives in proteomics studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Guillotin
- Poison Control Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR 1295, Centre d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Delcourt
- Poison Control Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR 1214, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, 31024 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-567691640
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16
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Domingo JL. Dioxins and furans in cow milk and dairy products: A review of the scientific literature. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Domingo
- School of Medicine, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health Universitat Rovira i Virgili San Llorenç 21 Reus Catalonia 43201 Spain
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17
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Battisti S, Scaramozzino P, Boselli C, Busico F, Berretta S, Sala M, Neri B. A retrospective study on dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in milk and dairy products from the Latium region (Italy) over a 7-year study period (2011-2017). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:69424-69438. [PMID: 35567680 PMCID: PMC9512717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the data of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), -furans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls dioxin-like (dl PCBs) measured in a total of 260 samples of the dairy supply chain collected over a period of 7 years (2011-2017) in the Latium region (Italy). Levels and average profiles of congeners were reported for each group of the analyzed dairy matrices, and any differences between different sampling strategies were considered (around likely pollutant sources or casual sampling). Of the samples, 95.4% resulted compliant with the regulated levels; only samples belonging to the "sheep bulk milk" matrix were found to be above either the action levels or the maximum levels (tot. 12 samples). Raw milk of the sheep species showed the highest averages (PCDD/F 0.248 and dl PCB 0.966 WHO TEQ pg/g of fat) compared to the milk of other species. The buffalo milk showed a content of dl PCB significantly lower (dl PCB: 0.371 WHO TEQ pg/g of fat) than the sheep milk (p<0.05). Dioxins were found to be superior to furans in almost all dairy products, except in the noncompliant samples where furans were higher. The OCDD was found to be the most abundant congener in almost all dairy products. This study provides a first list of reference values for background contamination of the dairy supply chain in the Latium region. These pre-existing values will be useful in all cases of environmental pollution to identify critical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Battisti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Roma, Italy.
| | - Paola Scaramozzino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Boselli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Busico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Roma, Italy
| | - Sesto Berretta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Roma, Italy
| | - Marcello Sala
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Roma, Italy
| | - Bruno Neri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Roma, Italy
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18
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Kobets T, Smith BPC, Williams GM. Food-Borne Chemical Carcinogens and the Evidence for Human Cancer Risk. Foods 2022; 11:2828. [PMID: 36140952 PMCID: PMC9497933 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly consumed foods and beverages can contain chemicals with reported carcinogenic activity in rodent models. Moreover, exposures to some of these substances have been associated with increased cancer risks in humans. Food-borne carcinogens span a range of chemical classes and can arise from natural or anthropogenic sources, as well as form endogenously. Important considerations include the mechanism(s) of action (MoA), their relevance to human biology, and the level of exposure in diet. The MoAs of carcinogens have been classified as either DNA-reactive (genotoxic), involving covalent reaction with nuclear DNA, or epigenetic, involving molecular and cellular effects other than DNA reactivity. Carcinogens are generally present in food at low levels, resulting in low daily intakes, although there are some exceptions. Carcinogens of the DNA-reactive type produce effects at lower dosages than epigenetic carcinogens. Several food-related DNA-reactive carcinogens, including aflatoxins, aristolochic acid, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene and ethylene oxide, are recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as causes of human cancer. Of the epigenetic type, the only carcinogen considered to be associated with increased cancer in humans, although not from low-level food exposure, is dioxin (TCDD). Thus, DNA-reactive carcinogens in food represent a much greater risk than epigenetic carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kobets
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Benjamin P. C. Smith
- Future Ready Food Safety Hub, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Gary M. Williams
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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19
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Li H, Gao YH, Song L, Chen TF, Zhang GP, Ye ZG, Gao Y, Huo W. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects mice against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced liver injury by inhibiting CYP1A1 through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115394. [PMID: 35595219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has played a beneficial role in the treatment of various diseases, including liver diseases. Ginsenoside Rg1 is a saponin isolated and purified from ginseng that exerts protective effects on the liver in some liver injury models. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a ubiquitous dioxin found mostly in food products that causes liver injury and other human diseases. Although significant efforts have been made to reduce the burden of liver disease, there is still a lack of effective treatment methods. AIM OF THE STUDY Although ginsenoside Rg1 was reported to inhibit TCDD-mediated cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) induction in HepG2 cells, we sought to verify its hepatoprotective effects and elucidate its mechanism in a TCDD-induced liver injury model in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mouse liver injury model was established by intraperitoneal TCDD injection, followed by treatment with various doses of ginsenoside Rg1 (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). Clinical indicators of liver injury, such as an increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, as well as histopathological changes were evaluated. RESULTS The common clinical indicators of liver injury were detected following TCDD injection, including an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, increased relative liver weight, and histopathological changes. Following treatment with ginsenoside Rg1, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly, and the liver histology was improved. In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 competitively inhibited TCDD-induced Cyp1a1 mRNA transcription through the modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) nuclear translocation. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rg1 is a potent partial AhR agonist that has potential as an effective medication for protecting against TCDD-associated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yun-Hang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ling Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Teng-Fei Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Guang-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Zu-Guang Ye
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Wang Huo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
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20
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Marquès M, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) through the diet: An update of the scientific literature. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 167:113322. [PMID: 35872254 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of brominated flame-retardants (BFRs). As for other persistent organic pollutants, dietary intake (followed by dust inhalation) is the main route of human exposure to PBDEs. In 2012, we reviewed the scientific literature on the concentrations of PBDEs in foodstuffs and their dietary exposure. The current review is aimed at updating the results of recent studies (2012-2022) focused on determining the levels of PBDEs in food samples, as well as the dietary intake of these compounds. We have revised studies conducted over the world. The current information on the concentrations of PBDEs in food and their dietary intake is now much more notable than that available in our previous review, being China the country contributing with the highest number of studies. Because of the important differences in materials and methods used in the available studies, the comparison of results is certainly complicated. However, there seems to be a general trend towards a decrease in the levels of PBDEs in foods, and consequently, in the dietary intake of these contaminants. The lack of tolerable daily intakes of PBDEs is an issue that needs to be solved for assessing human health risks of these BFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Marquès
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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21
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Aravind Kumar J, Krithiga T, Sathish S, Renita AA, Prabu D, Lokesh S, Geetha R, Namasivayam SKR, Sillanpaa M. Persistent organic pollutants in water resources: Fate, occurrence, characterization and risk analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154808. [PMID: 35341870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic chemicals that can persist in the environment for a longer period due to their non-biodegradability. The pervasive and bio-accumulative behavior of POPs makes them highly toxic to the environmental species including plants, animals, and humans. The present review specifies the POP along with their fate, persistence, occurrence, and risk analysis towards humans. The different biological POPs degradation methods, especially the microbial degradation using bacteria, fungi, algae, and actinomycetes, and their mechanisms were described. Moreover, the source, transport of POPs to the environmental sources, and the toxic nature of POPs were discussed in detail. Agricultural and industrial activities are distinguished as the primary source of these toxic compounds, which are delivered to air, soil, and water, affecting on the social and economic advancement of society at a worldwide scale. This review also demonstrated the microbial degradation of POPs and outlines the potential for an eco-accommodating and cost-effective approach for the biological remediation of POPs using microbes. The direction for future research in eliminating POPs from the environmental sources through various microbial processes was emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aravind Kumar
- Department of Biomass and Energy Conversion, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - T Krithiga
- Department of Chemistry, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India
| | - S Sathish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India
| | - A Annam Renita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India.
| | - D Prabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India
| | - S Lokesh
- Department of Biomass and Energy Conversion, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - R Geetha
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, India
| | - S Karthick Raja Namasivayam
- Division of Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Mika Sillanpaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
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22
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Ji G, Chen Q, Ding Z, Gu J, Guo M, Shi L, Yu H, Sun H. High mortality and high PCDD/Fs exposure among residents downwind of municipal solid waste incinerators: A case study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118635. [PMID: 34883147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the human body burden of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in populations around municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) in China are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the potential adverse health effects of an 8-year MSWI on the surrounding population and identify possible exposure pathways. We hypothesized that the MSWI would result in different environmental impacts and population health outcomes between upwind and downwind of its 3 km vicinity. We conducted a 10-year retrospective mortality survey on the population surrounding the MSWI. Then, we selected 50 residents aged 50 years or older on each of the upwind and downwind sides of MSWI to test serum PCDD/Fs. Meanwhile, environmental and food exposures to PCDD/Fs were tested for selected residents. The age-adjusted mortality rates were significantly higher for residents downwind than upwind, but no significant difference was found in the standardized mortality ratio before and after the MSWI operation. The toxic equivalents (TEQ) and major congeners of PCDD/Fs were significantly higher in the sera of the downwind residents than in the upwind. The PCDD/Fs in air, soil, dust, and vegetables on the downwind side were not significantly different from those on the upwind side, but the mean concentrations of PCDD/Fs in downwind hen eggs was significantly higher than those from upwind. In conclusion, downwind residents living within 3 km of the MSWI had higher age-adjusted mortality and serum level of PCDD/Fs than upwind residents. This higher mortality rate among downwind residents was not associated with MSWI. However, the higher levels of PCDD/Fs in downwind hen eggs suggest that the downwind population dioxin exposure was related to their location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Ji
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Min Guo
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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