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Szabo E, Nagy B, Czajlik A, Komlodi T, Ozohanics O, Tretter L, Ambrus A. Mitochondrial Alpha-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes: Recent Developments on Structure and Function in Health and Disease. Subcell Biochem 2024; 104:295-381. [PMID: 38963492 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The present work delves into the enigmatic world of mitochondrial alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes discussing their metabolic significance, enzymatic operation, moonlighting activities, and pathological relevance with links to underlying structural features. This ubiquitous family of related but diverse multienzyme complexes is involved in carbohydrate metabolism (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), the citric acid cycle (α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex), and amino acid catabolism (branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, α-ketoadipate dehydrogenase complex); the complexes all function at strategic points and also participate in regulation in these metabolic pathways. These systems are among the largest multienzyme complexes with at times more than 100 protein chains and weights ranging up to ~10 million Daltons. Our chapter offers a wealth of up-to-date information on these multienzyme complexes for a comprehensive understanding of their significance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balint Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Czajlik
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Timea Komlodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Oliver Ozohanics
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Tretter
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Novák LVF, Treitli SC, Pyrih J, Hałakuc P, Pipaliya SV, Vacek V, Brzoň O, Soukal P, Eme L, Dacks JB, Karnkowska A, Eliáš M, Hampl V. Genomics of Preaxostyla Flagellates Illuminates the Path Towards the Loss of Mitochondria. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011050. [PMID: 38060519 PMCID: PMC10703272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion that mitochondria cannot be lost was shattered with the report of an oxymonad Monocercomonoides exilis, the first eukaryote arguably without any mitochondrion. Yet, questions remain about whether this extends beyond the single species and how this transition took place. The Oxymonadida is a group of gut endobionts taxonomically housed in the Preaxostyla which also contains free-living flagellates of the genera Trimastix and Paratrimastix. The latter two taxa harbour conspicuous mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs). Here we report high-quality genome and transcriptome assemblies of two Preaxostyla representatives, the free-living Paratrimastix pyriformis and the oxymonad Blattamonas nauphoetae. We performed thorough comparisons among all available genomic and transcriptomic data of Preaxostyla to further decipher the evolutionary changes towards amitochondriality, endobiosis, and unstacked Golgi. Our results provide insights into the metabolic and endomembrane evolution, but most strikingly the data confirm the complete loss of mitochondria for all three oxymonad species investigated (M. exilis, B. nauphoetae, and Streblomastix strix), suggesting the amitochondriate status is common to a large part if not the whole group of Oxymonadida. This observation moves this unique loss to 100 MYA when oxymonad lineage diversified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš V. F. Novák
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, Unité Biologie et Ecologie des Ecosystèmes Marins Profonds BEEP, IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Sebastian C. Treitli
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
- RG Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Pyrih
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Paweł Hałakuc
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shweta V. Pipaliya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vojtěch Vacek
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Brzoň
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Soukal
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Eme
- Ecology, Systematics, and Evolution Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Joel B. Dacks
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Anna Karnkowska
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Eliáš
- University of Ostrava, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Hampl
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
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Rujimongkon K, Ampawong S, Isarangkul D, Reamtong O, Aramwit P. Sericin-mediated improvement of dysmorphic cardiac mitochondria from hypercholesterolaemia is associated with maintaining mitochondrial dynamics, energy production, and mitochondrial structure. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:708-721. [PMID: 35348427 PMCID: PMC8967205 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2055088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sericin is a component protein in the silkworm cocoon [Bombyx mori Linnaeus (Bombycidae)] that improves dysmorphic cardiac mitochondria under hypercholesterolemic conditions. This is the first study to explore cardiac mitochondrial proteins associated with sericin treatment. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of action of sericin in cardiac mitochondria under hypercholesterolaemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypercholesterolaemia was induced in Wistar rats by feeding them 6% cholesterol-containing chow for 6 weeks. The hypercholesterolemic rats were separated into 2 groups (n = 6 for each): the sericin-treated (1,000 mg/kg daily) and nontreated groups. The treatment conditions were maintained for 4 weeks prior to cardiac mitochondria isolation. The mitochondrial structure was evaluated by immunolabeling electron microscopy, and differential mitochondrial protein expression was determined and quantitated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. RESULTS A 32.22 ± 2.9% increase in the percent striated area of cardiac muscle was observed in sericin-treated hypercholesterolemic rats compared to the nontreatment group (4.18 ± 1.11%). Alterations in mitochondrial proteins, including upregulation of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) and reduction of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit (NDUFS1) expression, are correlated with a reduction in mitochondrial apoptosis under sericin treatment. Differential proteomic observation also revealed that sericin may improve mitochondrial energy production by upregulating acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1α subcomplex subunit 10 (NDUFA10) expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Sericin treatment could improve the dysmorphic mitochondrial structure, metabolism, and energy production of cardiac mitochondria under hypercholesterolaemia. These results suggest that sericin may be an alternative treatment molecule that is related to cardiac mitochondrial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitiya Rujimongkon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Proteomics Research Team, National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangnate Isarangkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetic, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, and
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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Duarte IF, Caio J, Moedas MF, Rodrigues LA, Leandro AP, Rivera IA, Silva MFB. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, pyruvate oxidation, and acetylation-dependent mechanisms intersecting drug iatrogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7451-7468. [PMID: 34718827 PMCID: PMC11072406 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In human metabolism, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is one of the most intricate and large multimeric protein systems representing a central hub for cellular homeostasis. The worldwide used antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) may potentially induce teratogenicity or a mild to severe hepatic toxicity, where the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. This work aims to clarify the mechanisms that intersect VPA-related iatrogenic effects to PDC-associated dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD; E3) activity. DLD is also a key enzyme of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase, α-ketoadipate dehydrogenase, and the glycine decarboxylase complexes. The molecular effects of VPA will be reviewed underlining the data that sustain a potential interaction with DLD. The drug-associated effects on lipoic acid-related complexes activity may induce alterations on the flux of metabolites through tricarboxylic acid cycle, branched-chain amino acid oxidation, glycine metabolism and other cellular acetyl-CoA-connected reactions. The biotransformation of VPA involves its complete β-oxidation in mitochondria causing an imbalance on energy homeostasis. The drug consequences as histone deacetylase inhibitor and thus gene expression modulator have also been recognized. The mitochondrial localization of PDC is unequivocal, but its presence and function in the nucleus were also demonstrated, generating acetyl-CoA, crucial for histone acetylation. Bridging metabolism and epigenetics, this review gathers the evidence of VPA-induced interference with DLD or PDC functions, mainly in animal and cellular models, and highlights the uncharted in human. The consequences of this interaction may have significant impact either in mitochondrial or in nuclear acetyl-CoA-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Duarte
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Caio
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M F Moedas
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L A Rodrigues
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A P Leandro
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - I A Rivera
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M F B Silva
- The Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Proteomics analysis of protein biomarkers in Astragalus membranaceus- and Astragaloside IV-treated brain tissues in ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:369-374. [PMID: 34195031 PMCID: PMC8240166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a major Chinese herb used in the treatment of stroke. Astragaloside IV (AS)is a component of AM. This study investigated the effects of AM on the protein expression through proteomics analysis in ischemia-reperfusion injured Sprague Dawley rats. Experimental procedure An animal model of ischemia-reperfusion injury by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with AM or AS three times at 30 min, 1 day, and 2 days prior to the occlusion of the cerebral blood flow. Results Aldolase C was overexpressed in the cortex, and Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and Triose-phosphate isomerase were overexpressed in the hippocampus. Conclusion Pretreatment with AM or AS can induce the overexpression of Aldolase C in the cerebral cortex and that of Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and Triose-phosphate isomerase in the hippocampus, suggesting that both AM and AS may act as neuroprotectors through regulating the expression of Aldolase C, Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and Triose-phosphate isomerase. However, the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms need more studies.
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Mou Z, Barazandeh AF, Hamana H, Kishi H, Zhang X, Jia P, Ikeogu N, Onyilagha C, Gupta G, Uzonna JE. Identification of a Protective Leishmania Antigen Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase and Its Responding CD4 + T Cells at Clonal Level. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1355-1364. [PMID: 32727889 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no clinically effective vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis because of poor understanding of the Ags that elicit protective CD4+ T cell immunity. In this study, we identified a naturally processed peptide (DLD63-79) that is derived from Leishmania dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD) protein. DLD is conserved in all pathogenic Leishmania species, is expressed by both the promastigote and amastigote stages of the parasite, and elicits strong CD4+ T cell responses in mice infected with L. major We generated I-Ab-DLD63-79 tetramer and identified DLD-specific CD4+ T cells at clonal level. Following L. major infection, DLD63-79-specific CD4+ T cells massively expanded and produced effector cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF). This was followed by a gradual contraction, stable maintenance following lesion resolution, and display of memory (recall) response following secondary challenge. Vaccination with rDLD protein induced strong protection in mice against virulent L. major challenge. Identification of Ags that elicit protective immunity and their responding Ag-specific T cells are critical steps necessary for developing effective vaccines and vaccination strategies against infectious agents, including protozoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Aida F Barazandeh
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; and
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; and
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Nnamdi Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; .,Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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Wu J, Li R, Li W, Ren M, Thangthaeng N, Sumien N, Liu R, Yang S, Simpkins JW, Forster MJ, Yan LJ. Administration of 5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid that potentially targets mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase confers cerebral preconditioning against ischemic stroke injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:244-254. [PMID: 29017857 PMCID: PMC5699942 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate a possible role of mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) as a chemical preconditioning target for neuroprotection against ischemic injury. We used 5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (MICA), a reportedly reversible DLDH inhibitor, as the preconditioning agent and administered MICA to rats mainly via dietary intake. Upon completion of 4 week's MICA treatment, rats underwent 1h transient ischemia and 24h reperfusion followed by tissue collection. Our results show that MICA protected the brain against ischemic stroke injury as the infarction volume of the brain from the MICA-treated group was significantly smaller than that from the control group. Data were then collected without or with stroke surgery following MICA feeding. It was found that in the absence of stroke following MICA feeding, DLDH activity was lower in the MICA treated group than in the control group, and this decreased activity could be partly due to DLDH protein sulfenation. Moreover, DLDH inhibition by MICA was also found to upregulate the expression of NAD(P)H-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In the presence of stroke following MICA feeding, decreased DLDH activity and increased Nrf2 signaling were also observed along with increased NQO1 activity, decreased oxidative stress, decreased cell death, and increased mitochondrial ATP output. We also found that MICA had a delayed preconditioning effect four weeks post MICA treatment. Our study indicates that administration of MICA confers chemical preconditioning and neuroprotection against ischemic stroke injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Ming Ren
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Nopporn Thangthaeng
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Ran Liu
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Shaohua Yang
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - James W Simpkins
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Michael J Forster
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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Rahmanpour R, King LD, Bugg TD. Identification of an extracellular bacterial flavoenzyme that can prevent re-polymerisation of lignin fragments. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:57-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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dos Santos PF, Moreira DS, Baba EH, Volpe CM, Ruiz JC, Romanha AJ, Murta SM. Molecular characterization of lipoamide dehydrogenase gene in Trypanosoma cruzi populations susceptible and resistant to benznidazole. Exp Parasitol 2016; 170:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Cao S, Liu Y, Wang H, Mao X, Chen J, Liu J, Xia Z, Zhang L, Liu X, Yu T. Ischemic postconditioning influences electron transport chain protein turnover in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1706. [PMID: 26925330 PMCID: PMC4768691 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia postconditioning (IPo) is a promising strategy in reducing myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI), but its specific molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts were subjected to global I/R and received IPo in the absence or presence of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD). Myocardial mitochondria were extracted and mitochondrial comparative proteomics was analyzed. IPo significantly reduces post-ischemic myocardial infarction and improved cardiac function in I/R rat hearts, while 5-HD basically cancelled IPo's myocardial protective effect. Joint application of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE) and MALDI-TOF MS identified eight differentially expressed proteins between groups. Expression of cardiac succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein subunit (SDHA) increased more than two-fold after I/R, while IPo led to overexpression of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD), NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1 and isoform CRA_b (NDUFV1). When the mitoKATP was blocked, MICOS complex subunit Mic60 (IMMT) and Stress-70 protein (Grp75) were over expressed, while DLDH, ATPase subunit A (ATPA) and rCG44606 were decreased. Seven of the differential proteins belong to electron transport chain (ETC) or metabolism regulating proteins, and five of them were induced by closing mitoKATP in I/R hearts. We thus conclude that IPo's myocardial protective effect relies on energy homeostasis regulation. DLD, SDHA, NDUFV1, Grp75, ATPA and rCG44606 may contribute to IPo's cardial protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China; Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China; Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , China
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Jincong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , China
| | - Jiming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Xingkui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
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Ziogas V, Tanou G, Belghazi M, Filippou P, Fotopoulos V, Grigorios D, Molassiotis A. Roles of sodium hydrosulfide and sodium nitroprusside as priming molecules during drought acclimation in citrus plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 89:433-50. [PMID: 26404728 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the gaseous molecules hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) enhances plant acclimation to stress; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we explored if pretreatment of citrus roots with NaHS (a H2S donor) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) for 2 days (d) could elicit long-lasting priming effects to subsequent exposure to PEG-associated drought stress for 21 d following a 5 d acclimation period. Detailed physiological study documented that both pretreatments primed plants against drought stress. Analysis of the level of nitrite, NOx, S-nitrosoglutahione reductase, Tyr-nitration and S-nitrosylation along with the expression of genes involved in NO-generation suggested that the nitrosative status of leaves and roots was altered by NaHS and SNP. Using a proteomic approach we characterized S-nitrosylated proteins in citrus leaves exposed to chemical treatments, including well known and novel S-nitrosylated targets. Mass spectrometry analysis also enabled the identification of 42 differentially expressed proteins in PEG alone-treated plants. Several PEG-responsive proteins were down-regulated, especially photosynthetic proteins. Finally, the identification of specific proteins that were regulated by NaHS and SNP under PEG conditions provides novel insight into long-term drought priming in plants and in a fruit crop such as citrus in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Ziogas
- Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Maya Belghazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Proteomics Analysis Center (CAPM), 13916, Marseilles, France
| | - Panagiota Filippou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Diamantidis Grigorios
- Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece.
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12
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Li R, Luo X, Wu J, Thangthaeng N, Jung ME, Jing S, Li L, Ellis DZ, Liu L, Ding Z, Forster MJ, Yan LJ. Mitochondrial Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase is Upregulated in Response to Intermittent Hypoxic Preconditioning. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:432-40. [PMID: 26078703 PMCID: PMC4466405 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia preconditioning (IHP) has been shown to protect neurons against ischemic stroke injury. Studying how proteins respond to IHP may identify targets that can help fight stroke. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) would respond to IHP and if so, whether such a response could be linked to neuroprotection in ischemic stroke injury. To do this, we subjected male rats to IHP for 20 days and measured the content and activity of DLDH as well as the three α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes that contain DLDH. We also measured mitochondrial electron transport chain enzyme activities. Results show that DLDH content was indeed upregulated by IHP and this upregulation did not alter the activities of the three α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes. Results also show that the activities of the five mitochondrial complexes (I-V) were not altered either by IHP. To investigate whether IHP-induced DLDH upregulation is linked to neuroprotection against ischemic stroke injury, we subjected both DLDH deficient mouse and DLDH transgenic mouse to stroke surgery followed by measurement of brain infarction volume. Results indicate that while mouse deficient in DLDH had exacerbated brain injury after stroke, mouse overexpressing human DLDH also showed increased brain injury after stroke. Therefore, the physiological significance of IHP-induced DLDH upregulation remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Li
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA ; 2. Department of Anethesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China, 210029
| | - Xiaoting Luo
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA ; 3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, China, 341000
| | - Jinzi Wu
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Nopporn Thangthaeng
- 4. Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Marianna E Jung
- 4. Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Siqun Jing
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA ; 5. College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, 830046
| | - Linya Li
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Dorette Z Ellis
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Li Liu
- 6. Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China 210029
| | - Zhengnian Ding
- 2. Department of Anethesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China, 210029
| | - Michael J Forster
- 4. Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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13
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Carrozzo R, Torraco A, Fiermonte G, Martinelli D, Di Nottia M, Rizza T, Vozza A, Verrigni D, Diodato D, Parisi G, Maiorana A, Rizzo C, Pierri CL, Zucano S, Piemonte F, Bertini E, Dionisi-Vici C. Riboflavin responsive mitochondrial myopathy is a new phenotype of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency. The chaperon-like effect of vitamin B2. Mitochondrion 2014; 18:49-57. [PMID: 25251739 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD, E3) is a flavoprotein common to pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenases. We found two novel DLD mutations (p.I40Lfs*4; p.G461E) in a 19 year-old patient with lactic acidosis and a complex amino- and organic aciduria consistent with DLD deficiency, manifesting progressive exertional fatigue. Muscle biopsy showed mitochondrial proliferation and lack of DLD cross-reacting material. Riboflavin supplementation determined the complete resolution of exercise intolerance with the partial restoration of the DLD protein and disappearance of mitochondrial proliferation in the muscle. Morphological and functional studies support the riboflavin chaperon-like role in stabilizing DLD protein with rescue of its expression in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Carrozzo
- Unit of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Torraco
- Unit of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, Italy
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Di Nottia
- Unit of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Rizza
- Unit of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Vozza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Verrigni
- Unit of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daria Diodato
- Unit of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Parisi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, Italy
| | - Arianna Maiorana
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Rizzo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Zucano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Wu Z, Soulages JL, Joshi BD, Daniel SM, Hager ZJ, Arrese EL. TGL-mediated lipolysis in Manduca sexta fat body: possible roles for lipoamide-dehydrogenase (LipDH) and high-density lipophorin (HDLp). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 45:58-68. [PMID: 24333838 PMCID: PMC3932539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Triglyceride-lipase (TGL) is a major fat body lipase in Manduca sexta. The knowledge of how TGL activity is regulated is very limited. A WWE domain, presumably involved in protein-protein interactions, has been previously identified in the N-terminal region of TGL. In this study, we searched for proteins partners that interact with the N-terminal region of TGL. Thirteen proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, and the interaction with four of these proteins was confirmed by immunoblot. The oxidoreductase lipoamide-dehydrogenase (LipDH) and the apolipoprotein components of the lipid transporter, HDLp, were among these proteins. LipDH is the common component of the mitochondrial α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes whereas HDLp occurs in the hemolymph. However, subcellular fractionation demonstrated that these two proteins are relatively abundant in the soluble fraction of fat body adipocytes. The cofactor lipoate found in typical LipDH substrates was not detected in TGL. However, TGL proved to have critical thiol groups. Additional studies with inhibitors are consistent with the notion that LipDH acting as a diaphorase could preserve the activity of TGL by controlling the redox state of thiol groups. On the other hand, when TG hydrolase activity of TGL was assayed in the presence of HDLp, the production of diacylglycerol (DG) increased. TGL-HDLp interaction could drive the intracellular transport of DG. TGL may be directly involved in the lipoprotein assembly and loading with DG, a process that occurs in the fat body and is essential for insects to mobilize fatty acids. Overall the study suggests that TGL occurs as a multi-protein complex supported by interactions through the WWE domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jose L Soulages
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Bharat D Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Stuart M Daniel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Zachary J Hager
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Estela L Arrese
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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15
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Gardner PR. Hemoglobin: a nitric-oxide dioxygenase. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:683729. [PMID: 24278729 PMCID: PMC3820574 DOI: 10.6064/2012/683729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Members of the hemoglobin superfamily efficiently catalyze nitric-oxide dioxygenation, and when paired with native electron donors, function as NO dioxygenases (NODs). Indeed, the NOD function has emerged as a more common and ancient function than the well-known role in O2 transport-storage. Novel hemoglobins possessing a NOD function continue to be discovered in diverse life forms. Unique hemoglobin structures evolved, in part, for catalysis with different electron donors. The mechanism of NOD catalysis by representative single domain hemoglobins and multidomain flavohemoglobin occurs through a multistep mechanism involving O2 migration to the heme pocket, O2 binding-reduction, NO migration, radical-radical coupling, O-atom rearrangement, nitrate release, and heme iron re-reduction. Unraveling the physiological functions of multiple NODs with varying expression in organisms and the complexity of NO as both a poison and signaling molecule remain grand challenges for the NO field. NOD knockout organisms and cells expressing recombinant NODs are helping to advance our understanding of NO actions in microbial infection, plant senescence, cancer, mitochondrial function, iron metabolism, and tissue O2 homeostasis. NOD inhibitors are being pursued for therapeutic applications as antibiotics and antitumor agents. Transgenic NOD-expressing plants, fish, algae, and microbes are being developed for agriculture, aquaculture, and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Gardner
- Miami Valley Biotech, 1001 E. 2nd Street, Suite 2445, Dayton, OH 45402, USA
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16
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Yan LJ, Sumien N, Thangthaeng N, Forster MJ. Reversible inactivation of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase by mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Res 2012. [PMID: 23205777 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.752078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Under oxidative stress conditions, mitochondria are the major site for cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion and H2O2 that can attack numerous mitochondrial proteins including dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH). While DLDH is known to be vulnerable to oxidative inactivation, the mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the mechanisms of DLDH oxidative inactivation by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria, isolated from rat brain, were incubated with mitochondrial respiratory substrates such as pyruvate/malate or succinate in the presence of electron transport chain inhibitors such as rotenone or antimycin A. This is followed by enzyme activity assay and gel-based proteomic analysis. The present study also examined whether ROS-induced DLDH oxidative inactivation could be reversed by reducing reagents such as DTT, cysteine, and glutathione. Results show that DLDH could only be inactivated by complex III- but not complex I-derived ROS; and the accompanying loss of activity due to the inactivation could be restored by cysteine and glutathione, indicating that DLDH oxidative inactivation by complex III-derived ROS was a reversible process. Further studies using catalase indicate that it was H2O2 instead of superoxide anion that was responsible for DLDH inactivation. Moreover, using sulfenic acid-specific labeling techniques in conjunction with two-dimensional Western blot analysis, we show that protein sulfenic acid formation (also known as sulfenation) was associated with the loss of DLDH enzymatic activity observed under our experimental conditions. Additionally, such oxidative modification was shown to be associated with preventing DLDH from further inactivation by the thiol-reactive reagent N-ethylmaleimide. Taken together, the present study provides insights into the mechanisms of DLDH oxidative inactivation by mitochondrial H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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17
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Vaubel RA, Rustin P, Isaya G. Mutations in the dimer interface of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase promote site-specific oxidative damages in yeast and human cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40232-45. [PMID: 21930696 PMCID: PMC3220568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.274415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) is a multifunctional protein well characterized as the E3 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes. Previously, conditions predicted to destabilize the DLD dimer revealed that DLD could also function as a diaphorase and serine protease. However, the relevance of these cryptic activities remained undefined. We analyzed human DLD mutations linked to strikingly different clinical phenotypes, including E340K, D444V, R447G, and R460G in the dimer interface domain that are responsible for severe multisystem disorders of infancy and G194C in the NAD(+)-binding domain that is typically associated with milder presentations. In vitro, all of these mutations decreased to various degrees dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activity, whereas dimer interface mutations also enhanced proteolytic and/or diaphorase activity. Human DLD proteins carrying each individual mutation complemented fully the respiratory-deficient phenotype of yeast cells lacking endogenous DLD even when residual dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activity was as low as 21% of controls. However, under elevated oxidative stress, expression of DLD proteins with dimer interface mutations greatly accelerated the loss of respiratory function, resulting from enhanced oxidative damage to the lipoic acid cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and other mitochondrial targets. This effect was not observed with the G194C mutation or a mutation that disrupts the proteolytic active site of DLD. As in yeast, lipoic acid cofactor was damaged in human D444V-homozygous fibroblasts after exposure to oxidative stress. We conclude that the cryptic activities of DLD promote oxidative damage to neighboring molecules and thus contribute to the clinical severity of DLD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A. Vaubel
- From the Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota 55905
| | - Pierre Rustin
- INSERM U676 Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, France, and
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, IFR02 Paris, France
| | - Grazia Isaya
- From the Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota 55905
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18
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19
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Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and cAMP are associated with cadmium-mediated Leydig cell damage. Toxicol Lett 2011; 205:183-9. [PMID: 21699967 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) directly inhibits testosterone production in Leydig cells, but its mechanism is still unclear. To further explore the signaling pathway of Cd-mediated toxicity to Leydig cells, various concentrations of Cd were cultured with R2C cells for 24h, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE)-based proteomics profiling was used to analyze the change of protein expressions. Cd caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability with IC(25), IC(50) and IC(75) of 2.42×10(-5)M, 4.83×10(-5)M and 7.39×10(-5)M, respectively. Cd significantly reduced progesterone production and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) in a concentration-dependent manner. 2DE-based proteomics showed 34 protein spots with altered expression by 2-folds or more, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) was the hub in the network of these altered proteins. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting showed that Cd downregulated the expression of DLD. Cd also decreased intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The results suggest that DLD and cAMP may be key elements related to Cd toxicity to Leydig cells.
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20
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Igamberdiev AU, Bykova NV, Hill RD. Structural and functional properties of class 1 plant hemoglobins. IUBMB Life 2011; 63:146-52. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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21
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Kareyeva AV, Grivennikova VG, Cecchini G, Vinogradov AD. Molecular identification of the enzyme responsible for the mitochondrial NADH-supported ammonium-dependent hydrogen peroxide production. FEBS Lett 2010; 585:385-9. [PMID: 21168410 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A homogeneous protein with a subunit apparent molecular mass of ∼50 kDa that catalyzes the previously described mitochondrial NADH-supported ammonium-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production (Grivennikova, V.G., Gecchini, G. and Vinogradov, A.D. (2008) FEBS Lett. 583, 1287-1291) was purified from the mitochondrial matrix of bovine heart. Chromatography of partially purified protein showed that the peaks of ammonium-stimulated NADH-dependent H(2)O(2) production and that of NADH:lipoamide oxidoreductase activity coincided. The catalytic properties and mass spectrometry of the trypsin-digested protein revealed peptides that allowed identification of the protein as the Bos taurus dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Kareyeva
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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22
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Wang X, Chang L, Sun Z, Zhang Y. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida during Escherichia coli O157:H7 Stress. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6547-60. [DOI: 10.1021/pr1007398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China, and The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Resource Plant Biology in School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Li Chang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China, and The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Resource Plant Biology in School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China, and The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Resource Plant Biology in School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China, and The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Resource Plant Biology in School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, P. R. China
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23
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Irfan M, Hayat S, Hayat Q, Afroz S, Ahmad A. Physiological and biochemical changes in plants under waterlogging. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 241:3-17. [PMID: 20066446 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-009-0098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging usually results from overuse and/or poor management of irrigation water and is a serious constraint with damaging effects. The rapidly depleting oxygen from submerged root zone is sensed and plant adjusts expressing anaerobic proteins. Plant cells shift their metabolism towards low energy yielding anaerobic fermentation pathways in the absence of oxygen. Structural modifications are also induced as aerenchyma formation and adventitious rootings, etc. Studies at molecular and biochemical levels to facilitate early perception and subsequent responses have also been worked out to produce resistant transgenic plants. This review explores the sequential changes of plant responses at different levels regarding their defense strategies and efforts made to enhance them, tailoring crucial regulators so that they can withstand waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Irfan
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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24
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Igamberdiev AU, Bykova NV, Shah JK, Hill RD. Anoxic nitric oxide cycling in plants: participating reactions and possible mechanisms. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2010; 138:393-404. [PMID: 19929898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
At sufficiently low oxygen concentrations, hemeproteins are deoxygenated and become capable of reducing nitrite to nitric oxide (NO), in a reversal of the reaction in which NO is converted to nitrate or nitrite by oxygenated hemeproteins. The maximum rates of NO production depend on the oxygen avidity. The hemeproteins with the highest avidity, such as hexacoordinate hemoglobins, retain oxygen even under anoxic conditions resulting in their being extremely effective NO scavengers but essentially incapable of producing NO. Deoxyhemeprotein-related NO production can be observed in mitochondria (at the levels of cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome c, complex III and possibly other sites), in plasma membrane, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. In mitochondria, the use of nitrite as an alternative electron acceptor can contribute to a limited rate of ATP synthesis. Non-heme metal-containing proteins such as nitrate reductase and xanthine oxidase can also be involved in NO production. This will result in a strong anoxic redox flux of nitrogen through the hemoglobin-NO cycle involving nitrate reductase, nitrite: NO reductase, and NO dioxygenase. In normoxic conditions, NO is produced in very low quantities, mainly for signaling purposes and this nitrogen cycling is inoperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
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25
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Cloning and purification of recombinant silkworm dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase expressed in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 72:95-100. [PMID: 20093189 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH), a flavin-dependent oxidoreductase is essential for energy metabolism. As an oxidoreductase it catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of dihydrolipoamide. In this study, a putative Bombyx mori dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (BmDLDH) gene was cloned, expressed, purified and characterized for the first time. The BmDLDH gene was amplified from a pool of silkworm cDNAs by PCR and cloned into Escherichia coli expression vector pET-28a(+). The recombinant His-tagged BmDLDH protein was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by metal chelating affinity chromatography. The amino acid sequence of recombinant protein was confirmed by mass spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, the oxidoreductase activity in the reverse reaction indicated that the soluble recombinant BmDLDH produced at lower growth temperature was able to catalyze the lipoamide-dependent oxidation of NADH.
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26
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Gibson GE, Starkov A, Blass JP, Ratan RR, Beal MF. Cause and consequence: mitochondrial dysfunction initiates and propagates neuronal dysfunction, neuronal death and behavioral abnormalities in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2009; 1802:122-34. [PMID: 19715758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are associated with mild impairment of oxidative metabolism and accumulation of abnormal proteins. Within the cell, the mitochondria appears to be a dominant site for initiation and propagation of disease processes. Shifts in metabolism in response to mild metabolic perturbations may decrease the threshold for irreversible injury in response to ordinarily sublethal metabolic insults. Mild impairment of metabolism accrue from and lead to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased ROS change cell signaling via post-transcriptional and transcriptional changes. The cause and consequences of mild impairment of mitochondrial metabolism is one focus of this review. Many experiments in tissues from humans support the notion that oxidative modification of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) compromises neuronal energy metabolism and enhances ROS production in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). These data suggest that cognitive decline in AD derives from the selective tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle abnormalities. By contrast in Huntington's Disease (HD), a movement disorder with cognitive features distinct form AD, complex II+III abnormalities may dominate. These distinct mitochondrial abnormalities culminate in oxidative stress, energy dysfunction, and aberrant homeostasis of cytosolic calcium. Cytosolic calcium, elevations even only transiently, leads to hyperactivity of a number of enzymes. One calcium-activated enzyme with demonstrated pathophysiological import in HD and AD is transglutaminase (TGase). TGase is a crosslinking enzymes that can modulate transcription, inactivate metabolic enzymes, and cause aggregation of critical proteins. Recent data indicate that TGase can silence expression of genes involved in compensating for metabolic stress. Altogether, our results suggest that increasing KGDHC via inhibition of TGase or via a host of other strategies to be described would be effective therapeutic approaches in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Gibson
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University at Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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Bodzon-Kulakowska A, Suder P, Mak P, Bierczynska-Krzysik A, Lubec G, Walczak B, Kotlinska J, Silberring J. Proteomic analysis of striatal neuronal cell cultures after morphine administration. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1200-10. [PMID: 19296477 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Using primary neuronal cell culture assays, combined with 2-D gel electrophoresis and capillary LC-MS, we identified differences in proteomes between control and morphine-treated cells. Statistically significant differences were observed among 26 proteins. Nineteen of them were up-regulated, while seven were down-regulated in morphine-treated cell populations. The identified proteins belong to classes involved in energy metabolism, associated with oxidative stress, linked with protein biosynthesis, cytoskeletal ones, and chaperones. The detected proteins demand further detailed studies of their biological roles in morphine addiction. It is crucial to confirm observed processes in vivo in order to reveal the nature and importance of the biological effect of proteome changes after morphine administration. Further investigations may lead to the discovery of new proteome-based effects of morphine on living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bodzon-Kulakowska
- Neurobiochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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28
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Tyagi TK, Ponnan P, Singh P, Bansal S, Batra A, Collin F, Guillonneau F, Jore D, Patkar SA, Saxena RK, Parmar VS, Rastogi RC, Raj HG. Moonlighting protein in Starkeyomyces koorchalomoides: Characterization of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase as a protein acetyltransferase utilizing acetoxycoumarin as the acetyl group donor. Biochimie 2009; 91:868-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Intra-mitochondrial poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation: potential role for alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Mitochondrion 2009; 9:159-64. [PMID: 19460292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an intracellular enzyme involved in DNA repair and in building poly-ADP-ribose polymers on nuclear proteins using NAD(+). While the majority of PARP resides in the nucleus, several studies indicated that PARP may also be located in the cytosol or in the mitochondrial matrix. In this study we found several poly-ADP-ribosylated proteins in isolated rat liver mitochondria following hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) or nitric oxide donor treatment. Protein poly-ADP-ribosylation was more intense in isolated mitochondria than in whole tissue homogenates and it was not associated with increased nuclear PARP activity. We identified five poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) positive mitochondrial bands by protein mass fingerprinting. All of the identified enzymes exhibited decreased activity or decreased levels following oxidative or nitrosative stress. One of the identified proteins is dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH), a component of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) complex, which uses NAD(+) as a substrate. This raised the possibility that KGDH may have a PARP-like enzymatic activity. The intrinsic PARP activity of KGDH and DLDH was confirmed using a colorimetric PARP assay kit and by the incubation of the recombinant enzymes with H(2)O(2). The KGDH enzyme may, therefore, have a novel function as a PARP-like enzyme, which may play a role in regulating intramitochondrial NAD(+) and poly(ADP-ribose) homeostasis, with possible roles in physiology and pathophysiology.
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30
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Batista AP, Kletzin A, Pereira MM. The dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase from the crenarchaeon Acidianus ambivalens. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 281:147-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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31
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Changes in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase expression and activity during postnatal development and aging in the rat brain. Mech Ageing Dev 2008; 129:282-90. [PMID: 18316113 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain energy metabolism is increased during postnatal development and diminished in neurodegenerative diseases linked to senescence. The objective of this study was to determine if these conditions could involve postnatal or senescence-related shifts in activity or expression of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH), a key mitochondrial oxidoreductase. Rats ranging from 10 to 60 days of age were used in studies of postnatal development, whereas rats aged 5 or 30 months were used in the aging studies. The expression of DLDH was determined by Western blot analysis using anti-DLDH antibodies and DLDH diaphorase activity was measured by an in-gel activity staining method using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)/NADH. Activity of DLDH dehydrogenase was measured as NAD+ oxidation of dihydrolipoamide. When these measures were considered in separate groups of 10-, 20-, 30-, or 60-day-old rats, all three showed an increase between 10 and 20 days of age. However, dehydrogenase activity of DLDH showed a further, progressive increase from 20 days to adulthood, in the absence of any further change in DLDH expression or diaphorase activity. No age-related decline in DLDH activity or expression was evident over the period from 5 to 30 months of age. Moreover, aging did not render DLDH more susceptible to oxidative inactivation by mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taken together, results of the present study indicate that (1) brain DLDH expression and activity undergo independent postnatal maturational increases; (2) senescence does not confer any detectable change in the activity of DLDH or its susceptibility to inactivation by mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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32
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Yan LJ, Yang SH, Shu H, Prokai L, Forster MJ. Histochemical staining and quantification of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase diaphorase activity using blue native PAGE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1036-45. [PMID: 17315258 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH, EC 1.8.1.4) catalyzes NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of dihydrolipoamide in vivo and can also act as a diaphorase catalyzing in vitro nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form) (NADH)-dependent reduction of electron-accepting molecules such as ubiquinone and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). In this paper, we report a gel-based method for histochemical staining and quantification of DLDH diaphorase activity using blue native PAGE (BN-PAGE). Rat brain mitochondrial extracts, used as the source of DLDH, were resolved by nongradient BN-PAGE (9%), which was followed by diaphorase activity staining using NADH as the electron donor and NBT as the electron acceptor. It was shown that activity staining of DLDH diaphorase was both protein amount- and time-dependent. Moreover, this in-gel activity-staining method was demonstrated to be in good agreement with the conventional spectrophotometric method that measures DLDH dehydrogenase activity using dihydrolipoamide as the substrate. The method was applied to determine levels of DLDH diaphorase activity in several rat tissues other than the brain, and the results indicated a similar level of DLDH diaphorase activity for all the tissues examined. Finally, the effects of thiol-reactive reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and nitric oxide donors on DLDH diaphorase activity were evaluated, demonstrating that, with this method, DLDH diaphorase activity can be determined without having to remove these thiol-reactive reagents that may otherwise interfere with spectrophotometric measurement of DLDH dehydrogenase activity. The gel-based method can also be used as a means to isolate mitochondrial DLDH that is to be analyzed by mass spectral techniques in studying DLDH post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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Babady NE, Pang YP, Elpeleg O, Isaya G. Cryptic proteolytic activity of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:6158-63. [PMID: 17404228 PMCID: PMC1851069 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610618104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial enzyme, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), is essential for energy metabolism across eukaryotes. Here, conditions known to destabilize the DLD homodimer enabled the mouse, pig, or human enzyme to function as a protease. A catalytic dyad (S456-E431) buried at the homodimer interface was identified. Serine protease inhibitors and an S456A or an E431A point mutation abolished the proteolytic activity, whereas other point mutations at the homodimer interface domain enhanced the proteolytic activity, causing partial or complete loss of DLD activity. In humans, mutations in the DLD homodimer interface have been linked to an atypical form of DLD deficiency. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which certain DLD mutations can simultaneously induce the loss of a primary metabolic activity and the gain of a moonlighting proteolytic activity. The latter could contribute to the metabolic derangement associated with DLD deficiency and represent a target for therapies of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngolela Esther Babady
- Departments of *Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Yuan-Ping Pang
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Laboratory, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Grazia Isaya
- Departments of *Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Rajashankar KR, Bryk R, Kniewel R, Buglino JA, Nathan CF, Lima CD. Crystal Structure and Functional Analysis of Lipoamide Dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:33977-83. [PMID: 16093239 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507466200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the 2.4 A crystal structure for lipoamide dehydrogenase encoded by lpdC from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Based on the Lpd structure and sequence alignment between bacterial and eukaryotic Lpd sequences, we generated single point mutations in Lpd and assayed the resulting proteins for their ability to catalyze lipoamide reduction/oxidation alone and in complex with other proteins that participate in pyruvate dehydrogenase and peroxidase activities. The results suggest that amino acid residues conserved in mycobacterial species but not conserved in eukaryotic Lpd family members modulate either or both activities and include Arg-93, His-98, Lys-103, and His-386. In addition, Arg-93 and His-386 are involved in forming both "open" and "closed" active site conformations, suggesting that these residues play a role in dynamically regulating Lpd function. Taken together, these data suggest protein surfaces that should be considered while developing strategies for inhibiting this enzyme.
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Mitra K, Rangaraj N, Shivaji S. Novelty of the Pyruvate Metabolic Enzyme Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenasein Spermatozoa. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:25743-53. [PMID: 15888450 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500310200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa are cells distinctly different from other somatic cells of the body, capacitation being one of the unique phenomena manifested by this gamete. We have shown earlier that dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, a post-pyruvate metabolic enzyme, undergoes capacitation-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation, and the functioning of the enzyme is required for hyperactivation (enhanced motility) and acrosome reaction of hamster spermatozoa (Mitra, K., and Shivaji, S. (2004) Biol. Reprod. 70, 887-899). In this report we have investigated the localization of this mitochondrial enzyme in spermatozoa revealing non-canonical extra-mitochondrial localization of the enzyme in mammalian spermatozoa. In hamster spermatozoa, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase along with its host complex, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, are localized in the acrosome and in the principal piece of the sperm flagella. The localization of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, however, appears to be in the mitochondria in the spermatocytes, but in spermatids it appears to show a juxtanuclear localization (like Golgi). The capacitation-dependent time course of tyrosine phosphorylation of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase appears to be different in the principal piece of the flagella and the acrosome in hamster spermatozoa. Activity assays of this bi-directional enzyme suggest a strong correlation between the tyrosine phosphorylation and the bi-directional enzyme activity. This is the first report of a direct correlation of the localization, tyrosine phosphorylation, and activity of the important metabolic enzyme, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, implicating dual involvement and regulation of the enzyme during sperm capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Mitra
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Schmidt K, Mayer B. Consumption of nitric oxide by endothelial cells: evidence for the involvement of a NAD(P)H-, flavin- and heme-dependent dioxygenase reaction. FEBS Lett 2005; 577:199-204. [PMID: 15527785 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2004] [Revised: 10/02/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) inactivation by endothelial cells. All experiments were performed in the presence of superoxide dismutase to minimize the peroxynitrite reaction. Incubation of the NO donor diethylamine/NO adduct with increasing amounts of intact cells led to a progressive decrease of the NO concentration, demonstrating a cell-dependent consumption of NO. In cell homogenates, consumption of NO critically depended on the presence of NADPH or NADH and resulted in the formation of nitrate. Both NO consumption and nitrate formation were largely inhibited by the heme poisons NaCN and phenylhydrazine as well as the flavoenzyme inhibitor diphenylene iodonium. Further characterization of this NO consumption pathway suggests that endothelial cells express a unique membrane-associated enzyme or enzyme system analogous to the bacterial NO dioxygenase that converts NO to nitrate in a NAD(P)H-, flavin- and heme-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Klyachko NL, Shchedrina VA, Efimov AV, Kazakov SV, Gazaryan IG, Kristal BS, Brown AM. pH-dependent substrate preference of pig heart lipoamide dehydrogenase varies with oligomeric state: response to mitochondrial matrix acidification. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:16106-14. [PMID: 15710613 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414285200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycling of intracellular pH has recently been shown to play a critical role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ischemia-reperfusion also leads to mitochondrial matrix acidification and dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which matrix acidification contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and the resultant cellular injury has not been elucidated. We observe pH-dependent equilibria between monomeric, dimeric, and a previously undescribed tetrameric form of pig heart lipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH), a mitochondrial matrix enzyme. Dynamic light scattering studies of native LADH in aqueous solution indicate that lowering pH favors a shift in average molecular mass from higher oligomeric states to monomer. Sedimentation velocity of LADH entrapped in reverse micelles reveals dimer and tetramer at both pH 5.8 and 7.5, but monomer was observed only at pH 5.8. Enzyme activity measurements in reverse Aerosol OT micelles in octane indicate that LADH dimer and tetramer possess lipoamide dehydrogenase and diaphorase activities at pH 7.5. Upon acidification to pH 5.8 only the LADH monomer is active and only the diaphorase activity is observed. These results indicate a correlation between pH-dependent changes in the LADH reaction specificity and its oligomeric state. The acidification of mitochondrial matrix that occurs during ischemia-reperfusion injury is sufficient to alter the structure and enzymatic specificity of LADH, thereby reducing mitochondrial defenses, increasing oxidative stress, and slowing the recovery of energy metabolism. Matrix acidification may also disrupt the quaternary structure of other mitochondrial protein complexes critical for cellular homeostasis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Klyachko
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Plants have four nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. NOS1 appears mitochondrial, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) chloroplastic. Distinct peroxisomal and apoplastic NOS enzymes are predicted. Nitrite-dependent NO synthesis is catalyzed by cytoplasmic nitrate reductase or a root plasma membrane enzyme, or occurs nonenzymatically. Nitric oxide undergoes both catalyzed and uncatalyzed oxidation. However, there is no evidence of reaction with superoxide, and S-nitrosylation reactions are unlikely except during hypoxia. The only proven direct targets of NO in plants are metalloenzymes and one metal complex. Nitric oxide inhibits apoplastic catalases/ascorbate peroxidases in some species but may stimulate these enzymes in others. Plants also have the NO response pathway involving cGMP, cADPR, and release of calcium from internal stores. Other known targets include chloroplast and mitochondrial electron transport. Nitric oxide suppresses Fenton chemistry by interacting with ferryl ion, preventing generation of hydroxyl radicals. Functions of NO in plant development, response to biotic and abiotic stressors, iron homeostasis, and regulation of respiration and photosynthesis may all be ascribed to interaction with one of these targets. Nitric oxide function in drought/abscisic acid (ABA)-induction of stomatal closure requires nitrate reductase and NOS1. Nitric oxide synthasel likely functions to produce sufficient NO to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport, allowing nitrite accumulation. Nitric oxide is produced during the hypersensitive response outside cells undergoing programmed cell death immediately prior to loss of plasma membrane integrity. A plasma membrane lipid-derived signal likely activates apoplastic NOS. Nitric oxide diffuses within the apoplast and signals neighboring cells via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent induction of salicylic acid biosynthesis. Response to wounding appears to involve the same NOS and direct targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan D Shapiro
- Biotechnology Program, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers Florida 33965-6565, USA
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Seregélyes C, Igamberdiev AU, Maassen A, Hennig J, Dudits D, Hill RD. NO-degradation by alfalfa class 1 hemoglobin (Mhb1): a possible link to PR-1a gene expression in Mhb1-overproducing tobacco plants. FEBS Lett 2004; 571:61-6. [PMID: 15280018 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2004] [Revised: 06/23/2004] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco plants overproducing alfalfa class 1 hemoglobin (HOT plants) have been shown to have reduced necrotic symptom development. Here, we show that this altered pathogenic response is linked to a significant increase in the nitric oxide (NO)-affected pathogenesis-related (PR-1a) transcript accumulation in the transgenic plants. Homogenates of HOT transgenic seedlings were also found to have higher NO-scavenging activity than non-transformed ones. The NO-scavenging properties of recombinant alfalfa class1 hemoglobin have been examined. Recombinant Mhb1 (rMhb1) was produced in bacteria and purified using polyethylene glycol (10-25%) fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and Phenyl Superose columns. After the final purification step, the obtained preparations were near homogeneous and had a molecular weight of 44 kDa determined by size-exclusion chromatography and 23 kDa by SDS-PAGE, indicating that rMhb1 is a dimer. The protein participated in NO-degradation activity with NAD(P)H as a cofactor. After ion-exchange columns, addition of FAD was necessary for exhibiting maximal NO-degradation activity. The NAD(P)H-dependent NO-scavenging activity of rMhb1, which is similar to that of barley hemoglobin, supports a conclusion that both monocot and dicot class 1 hemoglobins can affect cellular NO levels by scavenging NO formed during hypoxia, pathogen attack and other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Seregélyes
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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