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Habib TN, Altonsy MO, Ghanem SA, Salama MS, Hosny MA. Optimizing combination therapy in prostate cancer: mechanistic insights into the synergistic effects of Paclitaxel and Sulforaphane-induced apoptosis. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:5. [PMID: 38438917 PMCID: PMC10910811 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-024-00501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination therapies in cancer treatment have demonstrated synergistic or additive outcomes while also reducing the development of drug resistance compared to monotherapy. This study explores the potential of combining the chemotherapeutic agent Paclitaxel (PTX) with Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound primarily found in cruciferous vegetables, to enhance treatment efficacy in prostate cancer. METHODS Two prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP, were treated with varying concentrations of PTX, SFN, and their combination. Cell viability was assessed using the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to determine the EC50 values. Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the expression of Bax, Bcl2, and Caspase-3 activation proteins in response to individual and combined treatments of PTX and SFN. Fluorescent microscopy was employed to observe morphological changes indicative of apoptotic stress in cell nuclei. Flow cytometry analysis was utilized to assess alterations in cell cycle phases, such as redistribution and arrest. Statistical analyses, including Student's t-tests and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's correction, were performed to determine significant differences between mono- and combination treatments. RESULTS The impact of PTX, SFN, and their combination on cell viability reduction was evaluated in a dose-dependent manner. The combined treatment enhanced PTX's effects and decreased the EC50 values of both drugs compared to individual treatments. PTX and SFN treatments differentially regulated the expression of Bax and Bcl2 proteins in PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines, favoring apoptosis over cell survival. Our data indicated that combination therapy significantly increased Bax protein expression and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared to PTX or SFN alone. Flow cytometry analysis revealed alterations in cell cycle phases, including S-phase arrest and an increased population of apoptotic cells. Notably, the combination treatments did not have a discernible impact on necrotic cells. Signs of apoptotic cell death were confirmed through Caspase-3 cleavage, and morphological changes in cell nuclei were assessed via western blot and fluorescent microscopy. CONCLUSION This combination therapy of PTX and SFN has the potential to improve prostate cancer treatment by minimizing side effects while maintaining efficacy. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SFN enhances PTX efficacy by promoting apoptosis, activating caspase-3, inducing nuclear morphology changes, modulating the cell cycle, and altering Bax and Bcl2 protein expression. These findings offer valuable insights into the synergistic effects of PTX and SFN, supporting the optimization of combination therapy and providing efficient therapeutic strategies in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito N Habib
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed O Altonsy
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Salah A Ghanem
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Salama
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai A Hosny
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Vukelić D, Baralić K, Marić Đ, Đukic-Ćosić D, Bulat Z, Panieri E, Saso L, Djordjevic AB. Hepato-renal toxicity of low dose metal(oid)s mixture in real-life risk simulation in rats: Effects on Nrf2/HO-1 signalling and redox status. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168352. [PMID: 37952665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The understanding that humans are exposed to a low level of toxic metals and metalloids in their lifetime has resulted in a shift in scientific and regulatory perspectives from the traditional evaluation of single metal toxicity to complex mixtures, relevant to real-life exposure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of real-life, 90-days exposure to mixture of toxic metal(oid)s, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, As and Hg, on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and hemoxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signalling and redox status by assessing total sulfhydryl groups (SH), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) in the liver and kidney of Wistar rats. Animals (20 males and 20 females) were randomized in 2 control and 6 treated groups that received by oral gavage mixture of metal(oid)s solutions in doses that reflect blood metal(oid) levels determined in previous human biomonitoring study as benchmark dose (F/M _BMD), median (F/M _MED), and 95th percentile (F/M _95). Our results have shown that metal(oid)s mixture impaired the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the kidney and liver of male rats and kidney of female rats, followed by depletion of GSH levels in males. Additionally, in males elevated levels of IMA in the liver were observed, while in both genders increased MDA levels were observed in the kidney. Interestingly, the effects were more pronounced in male than in female rats. This study is among the first that examined hepato-renal toxic mechanisms of real-life metal mixture exposure, while our results might be of immense importance for assessing the risk of exposure to mixtures of toxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Vukelić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đurđica Marić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Danijela Đukic-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of General Direction (DG), Section of Hazardous Substances, Environmental Education and Training for the Technical Coordination of Management Activities (DGTEC), Italian Institute for the Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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Giustarini D, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I, Rossi R. How to Increase Cellular Glutathione. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051094. [PMID: 37237960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) has special antioxidant properties due to its high intracellular concentration, ubiquity, and high reactivity towards electrophiles of the sulfhydryl group of its cysteine moiety. In most diseases where oxidative stress is thought to play a pathogenic role, GSH concentration is significantly reduced, making cells more susceptible to oxidative damage. Therefore, there is a growing interest in determining the best method(s) to increase cellular glutathione for both disease prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the major strategies for successfully increasing cellular GSH stores. These include GSH itself, its derivatives, NRf-2 activators, cysteine prodrugs, foods, and special diets. The possible mechanisms by which these molecules can act as GSH boosters, their related pharmacokinetic issues, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Zhou R, Hu J, Qiu J, Lu S, Lin H, Huang R, Zhou S, Huang G, He J. Phenolic compound SG-1 from Balanophora harlandii and its derivatives exert anti-influenza A virus activity via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115495. [PMID: 36918045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the leading causes of respiratory illness and continues to cause pandemics around the world. Against this backdrop, drug resistance poses a challenge to existing antiviral drugs, and hence, there is an urgent need for developing new antiviral drugs. In this study, we obtained a phenolic compound SG-7, a derivative of natural compound 2-hydroxymethyl-1,4-hydroquinone, which exhibits inhibitory activity toward a panel of influenza viruses and has low cellular toxicity. Mechanistic studies have shown that SG-7 exerts its anti-IAV properties by acting on the virus itself and modulating host signaling pathways. Namely, SG-7 targets the HA2 subunit of hemagglutinin (HA) to block the fusion of viral-cellular membranes and inhibits IAV-induced oxidative stress and overexpression of pro-inflammatory factors by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and reducing NF-κB activation. In addition, SG-7 can enhance type I IFN antiviral response by inducing Nrf2 expression. Importantly, SG-7 showed the ability to inhibit viral replication in the lungs of IAV-infected mice and reduce their mortality. Therefore, SG-7 may be a promising lead compound for anti-influenza drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhong Zhou
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianan Hu
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jingnan Qiu
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shengsheng Lu
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haixing Lin
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruifeng Huang
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaofen Zhou
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guoqing Huang
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jian He
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Dodson M, Chen J, Shakya A, Anandhan A, Zhang DD. The dark side of NRF2 in arsenic carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 96:47-69. [PMID: 36858779 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental toxicant that significantly enhances the risk of developing disease, including several cancers. While the epidemiological evidence supporting increased cancer risk due to chronic arsenic exposure is strong, therapies tailored to treat exposed populations are lacking. This can be accredited in large part to the chronic nature and pleiotropic pathological effects associated with prolonged arsenic exposure. Despite this fact, several putative mediators of arsenic promotion of cancer have been identified. Among these, the critical transcription factor NRF2 has been shown to be a key mediator of arsenic's pro-carcinogenic effects. Importantly, the dependence of arsenic-transformed cancer cells on NRF2 upregulation exposes a targetable liability that could be utilized to treat arsenic-promoted cancers. In this chapter, we briefly introduce the "light" vs "dark" side of the NRF2 pathway. We then give a brief overview of arsenic metabolism, and discuss the epidemiological and experimental evidence that support arsenic promotion of different cancers, with a specific emphasis on mechanisms mediated by chronic, non-canonical activation of NRF2 (i.e., the "dark" side). Finally, we briefly highlight how the non-canonical NRF2 pathway plays a role in other arsenic-promoted diseases, as well as research directions that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jinjing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Aryatara Shakya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Annadurai Anandhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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Habib TN, Altonsy MO, Ghanem SA, Salama MS, Hosny MAEH. Sulforaphane Enhances the Anticancer Properties of Paclitaxel in Two Human Derived Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1552332/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In cancer therapy, combined treatment results in additive and synergistic outcomes and reduces the development of drug resistance in response to anticancer agents compared with monotherapy. We propose that when Paclitaxel (Taxol, PTX) is combined with Sulforaphane (SFN), may result in better treatment outcomes in prostate cancer. Understanding the mechanism of drug synergy, as opposed to simply knowing which drugs to combine, enables further optimization of advantageous drug interactions and can provide efficient therapeutic strategies in preclinical research. Methods: We measured apoptosis, cell cycle, and expression of Bax and Bcl2 in response to the PTX and SFN individual and combined treatments. Cell lines (PC-3) and (LNCaP), were individually treated with different concentrations of PTX, SFN, and its combination. Annexin V/PI positivity and data analysis were conducted using a flow cytometer and guava data acquisition and analysis software. Graph-Pad Prism 6, and Microsoft Excel software were used for statistical analyses and graphs generation. Student’s t-tests or one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s correction were used to determine the significant difference between mono- and combination treatments.Results: The effect of the PTX or SFN treatments on reducing cell viability increased in a dose-dependent manner. Combined treatment enhanced PTX’s effects and reduced the EC50 values of both drugs compared to individual treatments. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that PTX or SFN treatments redistributed cell-cycle phases by inducing S-phase arrest and increasing apoptotic cell population in PC-3 cells. Such effects were enhanced in the PTX+SFN combination group. Interestingly, the necrotic cells were not affected by the combination treatments. Caspase-3 cleavage and morphological deformations of the cell nuclei are signs of apoptotic cell death; such parameters were examined by western blot and fluorescent microscopy in response to mono- and combination treatments.Conclusion: The PTX or SFN differentially modulated the expression of Bax and Bcl2 in PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines, and the combined treatment enhanced these effects in favor of cell apoptosis versus survival. Our data indicated that combination therapy of PTX and SFN significantly increased Bax protein expression and Bax: Bcl2 ratio compared to PTX or SFN individual treatments. Such findings will help develop new biomarkers and guide therapy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Omar Altonsy
- University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine: University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine
| | - Salah Abdelmoneim Ghanem
- Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine: Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine
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Bjørklund G, Rahaman MS, Shanaida M, Lysiuk R, Oliynyk P, Lenchyk L, Chirumbolo S, Chasapis CT, Peana M. Natural Dietary Compounds in the Treatment of Arsenic Toxicity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154871. [PMID: 35956821 PMCID: PMC9370003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic (As) compounds leads to its accumulation in the body, with skin lesions and cancer being the most typical outcomes. Treating As-induced diseases continues to be challenging as there is no specific, safe, and efficacious therapeutic management. Therapeutic and preventive measures available to combat As toxicity refer to chelation therapy, antioxidant therapy, and the intake of natural dietary compounds. Although chelation therapy is the most commonly used method for detoxifying As, it has several side effects resulting in various toxicities such as hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and other adverse consequences. Drugs of plant origin and natural dietary compounds show efficient and progressive relief from As-mediated toxicity without any particular side effects. These natural compounds have also been found to aid the elimination of As from the body and, therefore, can be more effective than conventional therapeutic agents in ameliorating As toxicity. This review provides an overview of the recently updated knowledge on treating As poisoning through natural dietary compounds. This updated information may serve as a basis for defining novel prophylactic and therapeutic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Md. Shiblur Rahaman
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; or
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Mariia Shanaida
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine;
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Petro Oliynyk
- Department of Disaster Medicine and Military Medicine, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, strada Le Grazie 9, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Christos T. Chasapis
- NMR Facility, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece;
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (M.P.)
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Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is a major concern due to its deleterious consequences for human health. Rapid industrialization also has weakened the quality of the environment by introducing pollutants that may disrupt balanced ecosystems, adversely and irreversibly impacting humans, plants, and animals. Arsenic, an important toxicant among all environmental hazards, can lead to several detrimental effects on cells and organs, impacting the overall quality of life. Nevertheless, arsenic also has a rich history as a chemotherapeutic agent used in ancient days for the treatment of diseases such as malaria, cancer, plague, and syphilis when other chemotherapeutic agents were yet to be discovered. Arsenicosis-mediated disorders remain a serious problem due to the lack of effective therapeutic options. Initially, chelation therapy was used to metabolically eliminate arsenic by forming a complex, but adverse effects limited their pharmacological use. More recently, plant-based products have been found to provide significant relief from the toxic effects of arsenic poisoning. They act by different mechanisms affecting various cellular processes. Phytoconstituents such as curcumin, quercetin, diallyl trisulfide, thymoquinone, and others act via various molecular pathways, primarily by attenuating oxidative damage, membrane damage, DNA damage, and proteinopathies. Nonetheless, most of the phytochemicals reviewed here protect against the adverse effects of metal or metalloid exposure, supporting their consideration as alternatives to chelation therapy. These agents, if used prophylactically and in conjunction with other chemotherapeutic agents, may provide an effective approach for management of arsenic toxicity. In a few instances, such strategies like coadministration of phytochemicals with a known chelating agent have led to more pronounced elimination of arsenic from the body with lesser off-site adverse effects. This is possible because combination treatment ensures the use of a reduced dose of chelating agent with a phytochemical without compromising treatment. Thus, these therapies are more practical than conventional therapeutic agents in ameliorating arsenic-mediated toxicity. This review summarizes the potential of phytochemicals in alleviating arsenic toxicity on the basis of available experimental and clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiya Samim Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226020, India
| | - Swaran J S Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226020, India
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Liu J, Kasai S, Tatara Y, Yamazaki H, Mimura J, Mizuno S, Sugiyama F, Takahashi S, Sato T, Ozaki T, Tanji K, Wakabayashi K, Maeda H, Mizukami H, Shinkai Y, Kumagai Y, Tomita H, Itoh K. Inducible Systemic Gcn1 Deletion in Mice Leads to Transient Body Weight Loss upon Tamoxifen Treatment Associated with Decrease of Fat and Liver Glycogen Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3201. [PMID: 35328622 PMCID: PMC8949040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GCN1 is an evolutionarily-conserved ribosome-binding protein that mediates the amino acid starvation response as well as the ribotoxic stress response. We previously demonstrated that Gcn1 mutant mice lacking the GCN2-binding domain suffer from growth retardation and postnatal lethality via GCN2-independent mechanisms, while Gcn1-null mice die early in embryonic development. In this study, we explored the role of GCN1 in adult mice by generating tamoxifen-inducible conditional knockout (CKO) mice. Unexpectedly, the Gcn1 CKO mice showed body weight loss during tamoxifen treatment, which gradually recovered following its cessation. They also showed decreases in liver weight, hepatic glycogen and lipid contents, blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acids, and visceral white adipose tissue weight with no changes in food intake and viability. A decrease of serum VLDL suggested that hepatic lipid supply to the peripheral tissues was primarily impaired. Liver proteomic analysis revealed the downregulation of mitochondrial β-oxidation that accompanied increases of peroxisomal β-oxidation and aerobic glucose catabolism that maintain ATP levels. These findings show the involvement of GCN1 in hepatic lipid metabolism during tamoxifen treatment in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.T.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (T.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Shuya Kasai
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.T.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (T.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Yota Tatara
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.T.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (T.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Hiromi Yamazaki
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.T.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (T.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Junsei Mimura
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.T.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (T.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (S.M.); (F.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (S.M.); (F.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (S.M.); (F.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Tsubasa Sato
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.T.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (T.S.); (K.I.)
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Japan;
| | - Taku Ozaki
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Japan;
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (K.T.); (K.W.)
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (K.T.); (K.W.)
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hirofumi Tomita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (J.L.); (Y.T.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (T.S.); (K.I.)
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Perumal E, Eswaran S, Parvin R, Balasubramanian S. Mitigation of arsenic induced developmental cardiotoxicity by ferulic acid in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 244:109021. [PMID: 33631344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether ferulic acid (FA), a nutraceutical could mitigate the arsenic (As) induced cardiotoxicity. Zebrafish larvae (60 and 72 h post-fertilization [hpf]) were used to study the effect of FA on As at different time points (24 and 48 h after exposure). The FA exposure was given as pre-treatment (60 hpf) and simultaneous treatment (72 hpf) to translate the results for As contaminated areas. To accomplish this, the lethality assay was done, and based on the results, the dosage for As (1 mM) and FA (30 μM) was fixed. The FA intervention (30 μM) as 12 h pre-treatment (60 hpf) and simultaneous treatment along with As (72 hpf) decreased the As content in zebrafish larvae as evidenced by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As exposure showed congenital deformities especially cardiac malformations in zebrafish larvae after 24 and 48 h. These teratogenic effects induced by As were reduced by FA supplementation in both groups. Also, o-dianisidine staining demonstrated that As treated larvae encountered abnormal cardiac function with reduced blood circulation, while FA supplementation reversed these effects. The acetylcholinesterase activity, a biomarker of As-induced cardiotoxicity was also found to be decreased in As group, which was rescued by FA. The modulation in the expression of the genes involved in cardiogenesis (nkx2.5, bmp2b, gata4, gata5, myh6, myl7, and tnnt2) further confirmed the ameliorative effect of FA on As induced malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India.
| | - Sangavi Eswaran
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Reshma Parvin
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
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11
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Reyes-Corral M, Sola-Idígora N, de la Puerta R, Montaner J, Ybot-González P. Nutraceuticals in the Prevention of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: A Comprehensive Review of their Neuroprotective Properties, Mechanisms of Action and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2524. [PMID: 33802413 PMCID: PMC7959318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a brain injury caused by oxygen deprivation to the brain due to birth asphyxia or reduced cerebral blood perfusion, and it often leads to lifelong limiting sequelae such as cerebral palsy, seizures, or mental retardation. HI remains one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, and current therapies are limited. Hypothermia has been successful in reducing mortality and some disabilities, but it is only applied to a subset of newborns that meet strict inclusion criteria. Given the unpredictable nature of the obstetric complications that contribute to neonatal HI, prophylactic treatments that prevent, rather than rescue, HI brain injury are emerging as a therapeutic alternative. Nutraceuticals are natural compounds present in the diet or used as dietary supplements that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antiapoptotic properties. This review summarizes the preclinical in vivo studies, mostly conducted on rodent models, that have investigated the neuroprotective properties of nutraceuticals in preventing and reducing HI-induced brain damage and cognitive impairments. The natural products reviewed include polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, plant-derived compounds (tanshinones, sulforaphane, and capsaicin), and endogenous compounds (melatonin, carnitine, creatine, and lactate). These nutraceuticals were administered before the damage occurred, either to the mothers as a dietary supplement during pregnancy and/or lactation or to the pups prior to HI induction. To date, very few of these nutritional interventions have been investigated in humans, but we refer to those that have been successful in reducing ischemic stroke in adults. Overall, there is a robust body of preclinical evidence that supports the neuroprotective properties of nutraceuticals, and these may represent a safe and inexpensive nutritional strategy for the prevention of neonatal HI encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reyes-Corral
- Neurodevelopment Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBIS/HUVR/CSIC/US, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (N.S.-I.); (P.Y.-G.)
| | - Noelia Sola-Idígora
- Neurodevelopment Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBIS/HUVR/CSIC/US, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (N.S.-I.); (P.Y.-G.)
| | - Rocío de la Puerta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBIS/HUVR/CSIC/US, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Ybot-González
- Neurodevelopment Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBIS/HUVR/CSIC/US, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (N.S.-I.); (P.Y.-G.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Seville, Spain
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12
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Kheiripour N, Plarak A, Heshmati A, Asl SS, Mehri F, Ebadollahi-Natanzi A, Ranjbar A, Hosseini A. Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effects of curcumin and nanocurcumin against paraquat-induced liver injury in rats: Modulation of oxidative stress and Nrf2 pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22739. [PMID: 33544450 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide all over the world, which is highly toxic for animals and humans. Its cytotoxicity is based on reactive radical generation. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective effects of curcumin and nanocurcumin against liver damage caused by sub-acute exposure with PQ via modulation of oxidative stress and genes expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Rats were exposed to PQ (5 mg/kg/day, orally) + curcumin or nanocurcumin (100 mg/kg/day, orally) for 7 days. Then rats were anesthetized and serum and liver samples were collected. Next, serum enzymatic activities, liver histopathology, oxidative stress, and expression of genes involved in Nrf2 signaling pathway were assessed by biochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. PQ significantly increased malondialdehyde, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase levels, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 gene expression and also decreased total antioxidant capacity, total thiol group levels, Glutathione S-transferases, heme oxygenase 1, Nrf2, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 genes expression, causing histological damages to liver tissue. These changes were significantly modulated by curcumin and nanocurcumin treatments. Our findings showed that nanocurcumin had better hepatoprotective effect than curcumin in liver damage after PQ exposure most likely through modulation of oxidative stress and genes expression of Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejat Kheiripour
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Plarak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Heshmati
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ebadollahi-Natanzi
- Medicinal plants Department, Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Arsenite Inhibits Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Synthesis through NRF2 Activation in Cultured Human Vascular Endothelial EA.hy926 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020739. [PMID: 33451022 PMCID: PMC7828481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure is known to be related to the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of arsenic-induced atherosclerosis have not been fully elucidated. Because disruption of the blood coagulation/fibrinolytic system is involved in the development of arteriosclerosis, we investigated the effect of arsenite on fibrinolytic activity in human vascular endothelial EA.hy926 cells in the present study. Fibrinolysis depends on the balance between tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) secreted from vascular endothelial cells. We found that arsenite reduced fibrinolytic t-PA activity by inhibiting its synthesis without affecting PAI-1 production. The inhibitory effect of arsenite on t-PA expression was partially recovered by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger Trolox. The nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway is known to be activated by arsenite via ROS production. We confirmed that arsenite activated the NRF2 pathway, and arsenite-induced inhibition of fibrinolytic t-PA activity was abrogated in NRF2-knockdown EA.hy926 cells. These results suggest that arsenite inhibits the fibrinolytic activity of t-PA by selectively suppressing its synthesis via activation of the NRF2 pathway in vascular endothelial cells.
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14
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Abiko Y, Okada M, Aoki H, Mizokawa M, Kumagai Y. A strategy for repression of arsenic toxicity through nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 activation mediated by the (E)-2-alkenals in Coriandrum sativum L. leaf extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Mendonca P, Soliman KFA. Flavonoids Activation of the Transcription Factor Nrf2 as a Hypothesis Approach for the Prevention and Modulation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Severity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E659. [PMID: 32722164 PMCID: PMC7463602 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway is the principal regulator of antioxidant and phase II detoxification genes. Its activation increases the expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective proteins, protecting cells against infections. Nrf2 modulates virus-induced oxidative stress, ROS generation, and disease pathogenesis, which are vital in the viral life cycle. During respiratory viral infections, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an inflammatory process, and oxidative stress of the epithelium lining cells activate the transcription factor Nrf2, which protects cells from oxidative stress and inflammation. Nrf2 reduces angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expression in respiratory epithelial cells. SARS-CoV2 has a high affinity for ACE2 that works as receptors for coronavirus surface spike glycoprotein, facilitating viral entry. Disease severity may also be modulated by pre-existing conditions, such as impaired immune response, obesity, and age, where decreased level of Nrf2 is a common feature. Consequently, Nrf2 activators may increase Nrf2 levels and enhance antiviral mediators' expression, which could initiate an "antiviral state", priming cells against viral infection. Therefore, this hypothesis paper describes the use of flavonoid supplements combined with vitamin D3 to activate Nrf2, which may be a potential target to prevent and/or decrease SARS-CoV-2 infection severity, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, enhancing innate immunity, and downregulating ACE2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
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16
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Zheng F, Gonçalves FM, Abiko Y, Li H, Kumagai Y, Aschner M. Redox toxicology of environmental chemicals causing oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101475. [PMID: 32336668 PMCID: PMC7327986 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are surrounded with heavy metals such as methylmercury, manganese, cobalt, cadmium, arsenic, as well as pesticides such as deltamethrin and paraquat, or atmospheric pollutants such as quinone. Extensive studies have demonstrated a strong link between environmental pollutants and human health. Redox toxicity is proposed as one of the main mechanisms of chemical-induced pathology in humans. Acting as both a sensor of oxidative stress and a positive regulator of antioxidants, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has attracted recent attention. However, the role NRF2 plays in environmental pollutant-induced toxicity has not been systematically addressed. Here, we characterize NRF2 function in response to various pollutants, such as metals, pesticides and atmospheric quinones. NRF2 related signaling pathways and epigenetic regulations are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States.
| | - Filipe Marques Gonçalves
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States
| | - Yumi Abiko
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States.
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17
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Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Spice-Derived Phytochemicals Using Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031109. [PMID: 32046157 PMCID: PMC7037855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various dietary phytochemicals seem to display antioxidant activity through the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. However, few studies have demonstrated its antioxidant effect and Nrf2 dependency at the animal level. We constructed a zebrafish-based assay system to analyze the in vivo antioxidant activity of phytochemicals and examined the activity of 10 phytochemicals derived from spices, using this system as a pilot study. Hydrogen peroxide and arsenite were used as oxidative stressors, and Nrf2 dependency was genetically analyzed using an Nrf2-mutant zebrafish line. The activities of curcumin, diallyl trisulfide and quercetin were involved in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide toxicity, while those of cinnamaldehyde, isoeugenol and 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate were involved in the reduction of arsenite toxicity. The antioxidant activities of these phytochemicals were all Nrf2 dependent, with the exception of cinnamaldehyde, which showed strong antioxidant effects even in Nrf2-mutant zebrafish. In summary, we succeeded in constructing an assay system to evaluate the in vivo antioxidant activity of various phytochemicals using zebrafish larvae. Using this system, we found that each spice-derived phytochemical has its own specific property and mechanism of antioxidant action.
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Houghton CA. Sulforaphane: Its "Coming of Age" as a Clinically Relevant Nutraceutical in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2716870. [PMID: 31737167 PMCID: PMC6815645 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2716870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing awareness of the mechanisms by which phytochemicals can influence upstream endogenous cellular defence processes has led to intensified research into their potential relevance in the prevention and treatment of disease. Pharmaceutical medicine has historically looked to plants as sources of the starting materials for drug development; however, the focus of nutraceutical medicine is to retain the plant bioactive in as close to its native state as possible. As a consequence, the potency of a nutraceutical concentrate or an extract may be lower than required for significant gene expression. The molecular structure of bioactive phytochemicals to a large extent determines the molecule's bioavailability. Polyphenols are abundant in dietary phytochemicals, and extensive in vitro research has established many of the signalling mechanisms involved in favourably modulating human biochemical pathways. Such pathways are associated with core processes such as redox modulation and immune modulation for infection control and for downregulating the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. Although the relationship between oxidative stress and chronic disease continues to be affirmed, direct-acting antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, and others have not yielded the expected preventive or therapeutic responses, even though several large meta-analyses have sought to evaluate the potential benefit of such supplements. Because polyphenols exhibit poor bioavailability, few of their impressive in vitro findings have been replicated in vivo. SFN, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, emerges as a phytochemical with comparatively high bioavailability. A number of clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to produce favourable outcomes in conditions for which there are few satisfactory pharmaceutical solutions, foreshadowing the potential for SFN as a clinically relevant nutraceutical. Although myrosinase-inert broccoli sprout extracts are widely available, there now exist myrosinase-active broccoli sprout supplements that yield sufficient SFN to match the doses used in clinical trials.
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Daphnetin activates the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response to prevent arsenic-induced oxidative insult in human lung epithelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 302:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Li AL, Li GH, Li YR, Wu XY, Ren DM, Lou HX, Wang XN, Shen T. Lignan and flavonoid support the prevention of cinnamon against oxidative stress related diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:143-153. [PMID: 30668393 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Cinnamon is a worldwide used spice, dietary supplement and traditional medicine, and is used for the therapy of oxidative stress related diseases. A well-established concept is that the functions of cinnamon preventing oxidative stress-induced diseases are attributed to the occurrence of cinnamaldehyde and its analogues. HYPOTHESIS In our continuous searching of natural molecules with antioxidant capacity, we have found that cinnamaldehyde and its analogues in cinnamon are weak inhibitors of oxidative stress, and thus we speculate that there are novel and/or potent molecules inhibiting oxidative stress in cinnamon. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A systemic phytochemical investigation of cinnamon using column chromatography was performed to identify the chemical constituents of cinnamon, and then their capacity of inhibiting oxidative stress and action of mechanism targeting Nrf2 pathway were investigated using diverse bioassay, including NAD(P)H: quinone reductase (QR) assay, immunoblot analysis, luciferase reporter gene assay, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. RESULTS Cinnamon improved the intracellular antioxidant capacity. A systemic phytochemical investigation of cinnamon gave the isolation of twenty-two chemical ingredients. The purified constituents were tested for their potential inhibitory effects against oxidative stress. Besides cinnamaldehyde analogues, a lignan pinoresinol (PRO) and a flavonol (-)-(2R,3R)-5,7-dimethoxy-3', 4'-methylenedioxy-flavan-3-ol (MFO) were firstly identified to be inhibitors of oxidative stress. Further study indicated that PRO and MFO activated Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response, and protected human lung epithelial cells against sodium arsenite [As(III)]-induced oxidative insults. CONCLUSION The lignan PRO and the flavonoid MFO are two novel Nrf2 activators protecting tissues against oxidative insults, and these two constituents support the application of cinnamon as an agent against oxidative stress related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Li
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yan-Ru Li
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xue-Yi Wu
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Ren
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
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Yang SH, Li P, Yu LH, Li L, Long M, Liu MD, He JB. Sulforaphane Protect Against Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Damage in mouse Leydigs Cells by Activating Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030630. [PMID: 30717178 PMCID: PMC6387384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is harmful for humans and animals, especially for the reproductive system. However, the mechanism of its toxicity has not been elucidated, and how to alleviate its toxicity is very important. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of action of sulforaphane (SFN) in protecting mouse Leydigs (TM3) cells from cadmium (Cd)-induced damage. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Cd and the safe doses of SFN were determined using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The testosterone secretion from TM3 cells was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The intracellular oxidative stress was evaluated using corresponding kits. The cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of genes associated with NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling was detected using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, including Nrf2, heme oxygenase I (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS). The protein expression of Nrf2, GSH-Px, HO-1, γ-GCS, and NQO1 was detected using Western blot analysis. The results showed that the IC50 of Cd to TM3 cells was 51.4 µmol/L. SFN reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase from Cd-exposed cells. Cd + SFN 2.5 treatment significantly elevated testosterone concentration compared with the Cd group (p < 0.05). SFN significantly increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and GSH-Px activity and GSH content in Cd-treated cells (p < 0.05; p < 0.01), inhibited the production of malondialdehyde or reactive oxygen species caused by Cd (p < 0.05; p < 0.01), and reduced the apoptotic rate of Cd-induced TM3 cells (p < 0.01). SFN upregulated the mRNA expression of Nrf2, GSH-Px, HO-1, NQO1, and γ-GCS in Cd-treated cells, indicating the protective effect of SFN against Cd-induced oxidative stress or cell apoptosis by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
- College of Land and Environmental Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Li-Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Ming-Da Liu
- College of Land and Environmental Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jian-Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Shogaol but not gingerol has a neuroprotective effect on hemorrhagic brain injury: Contribution of the α, β-unsaturated carbonyl to heme oxygenase-1 expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 842:33-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chong SJF, Lai JXH, Eu JQ, Bellot GL, Pervaiz S. Reactive Oxygen Species and Oncoprotein Signaling-A Dangerous Liaison. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1553-1588. [PMID: 29186971 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There is evidence to implicate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumorigenesis and its progression. This has been associated with the interplay between ROS and oncoproteins, resulting in enhanced cellular proliferation and survival. Recent Advances: To date, studies have investigated specific contributions of the crosstalk between ROS and signaling networks in cancer initiation and progression. These investigations have challenged the established dogma of ROS as agents of cell death by demonstrating a secondary function that fuels cell proliferation and survival. Studies have thus identified (onco)proteins (Bcl-2, STAT3/5, RAS, Rac1, and Myc) in manipulating ROS level as well as exploiting an altered redox environment to create a milieu conducive for cancer formation and progression. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite these advances, drug resistance and its association with an altered redox metabolism continue to pose a challenge at the mechanistic and clinical levels. Therefore, identifying specific signatures, altered protein expressions, and modifications as well as protein-protein interplay/function could not only enhance our understanding of the redox networks during cancer initiation and progression but will also provide novel targets for designing specific therapeutic strategies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Not only a heightened realization is required to unravel various gene/protein networks associated with cancer formation and progression, particularly from the redox standpoint, but there is also a need for developing more sensitive tools for assessing cancer redox metabolism in clinical settings. This review attempts to summarize our current knowledge of the crosstalk between oncoproteins and ROS in promoting cancer cell survival and proliferation and treatment strategies employed against these oncoproteins. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Jun Fei Chong
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jolin Xiao Hui Lai
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Qing Eu
- 2 Cancer Science Institute , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gregory Lucien Bellot
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,3 Department of Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,4 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,5 National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore .,6 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Australia
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Susan A, Rajendran K, Sathyasivam K, Krishnan UM. An overview of plant-based interventions to ameliorate arsenic toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:838-852. [PMID: 30551538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial and technological advancements in the world have also contributed to the rapid deterioration in the environment quality through introduction of obnoxious pollutants that threaten to destroy the subtle balance in the ecosystem. The environment contaminants cause severe adverse effects to humans, flora and fauna that are mostly irreversible. Chief among these toxicants is arsenic, a metalloid, which is considered among the most dangerous environmental toxins that leads to various diseases which affect the quality of life even when present in small quantities. Treatment of arsenic-mediated disorders still remains a challenge due to lack of effective options. Chelation therapy has been the most widely used method to detoxify arsenic. But this method is associated with deleterious effects leading various toxicities such as hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and other adverse effects. It has been discovered that indigenous drugs of plant origin display effective and progressive relief from arsenic-mediated toxicity without any side-effects. Further, these phytochemicals have also been found to aid the elimination of arsenic from the biological system and therefore can be more effective than conventional therapeutic agents in ameliorating arsenic-mediated toxicity. This review presents an overview of the toxic effects of arsenic and the therapeutic strategies that are available to mitigate the toxic effects with emphasis on chelation as well as protective and detoxifying activities of different phytochemicals and herbal drugs against arsenic. This information may serve as a primer in identifying novel prophylactic as well as therapeutic formulations against arsenic-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Susan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India
| | - Kayalvizhi Rajendran
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India
| | - Kaviarasi Sathyasivam
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India.
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25
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Iranshahy M, Iranshahi M, Abtahi SR, Karimi G. The role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in hepatoprotective activity of natural products: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:261-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yang SH, Yu LH, Li L, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Long M, Li P, He JB. Protective Mechanism of Sulforaphane on Cadmium-Induced Sertoli Cell Injury in Mice Testis via Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071774. [PMID: 30029485 PMCID: PMC6100605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the mechanism underlying the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on cadmium (Cd)-induced Sertoli cell (TM4 cells) injury in mice. The apoptosis rate of cells in each group was detected by flow cytometry. It was determined the effect of SFN on the expression of downstream molecular targets of Nrf2/ARE axis and on the lipid peroxide content. The related genes involved in the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway were evaluated by RT-PCR; for example, the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), while the protein expression levels were assessed by Western blot. Our results showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GSH-Px, and γ-GCS were increased in various degree when the Sertoli cells were to added different concentrations of SFN. Our results also showed that SFN reduced the apoptosis rate, increased the activity of T-SOD, inhibited the increase of the MDA content caused by Cd. Meanwhile, SFN could increase the mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 and reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of GSH-Px and γ-GCS caused by Cd in Sertoli cells (p < 0.01). Taken together, SFN could improve the antioxidant capacity of Sertoli cells, and exert a protective effect on the oxidative damage and apoptosis of Cd-induced Sertoli cells through the activation of Nrf2/ARE signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Li-Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jian-Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Polysulfide Na 2S 4 regulates the activation of PTEN/Akt/CREB signaling and cytotoxicity mediated by 1,4-naphthoquinone through formation of sulfur adducts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4814. [PMID: 28684787 PMCID: PMC5500523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophiles can activate redox signal transduction pathways, through actions of effector molecules (e.g., kinases and transcription factors) and sensor proteins with low pKa thiols that are covalently modified. In this study, we investigated whether 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) could affect the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)–Akt signaling pathway and persulfides/polysulfides could modulate this adaptive response. Simultaneous exposure of primary mouse hepatocytes to Na2S4 and 1,4-NQ markedly decreased 1,4-NQ-mediated cell death and S-arylation of cellular proteins. Modification of cellular PTEN during exposure to 1,4-NQ was also blocked in the presence of Na2S4. 1,4-NQ, at up to 10 µM, increased phosphorylation of Akt and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). However, at higher concentrations, 1,4-NQ inhibited phosphorylation of both proteins. These bell-shaped dose curves for Akt and CREB activation were right-shifted in cells treated with both 1,4-NQ and Na2S4. Incubation of 1,4-NQ with Na2S4 resulted in formation of 1,4-NQ–S–1,4-NQ-OH. Unlike 1,4-NQ, authentic 1,4-NQ-S-1,4-NQ-OH adduct had no cytotoxicity, covalent binding capability nor ability to activate PTEN-Akt signaling in cells. Our results suggested that polysulfides, such as Na2S4, can increase the threshold of 1,4-NQ for activating PTEN–Akt signaling and cytotoxicity by capturing this electrophile to form its sulfur adducts.
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Takeda TA, Sasai M, Adachi Y, Ohnishi K, Fujisawa JI, Izawa S, Taketani S. Potential role of heme metabolism in the inducible expression of heme oxygenase-1. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1813-1824. [PMID: 28347842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degradation of heme significantly contributes to cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation. The enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), involved in the degradation of heme, forms carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and bilirubin in conjunction with biliverdin reductase, and is induced by various stimuli including oxidative stress and heavy metals. We examined the involvement of heme metabolism in the induction of HO-1 by the inducers sulforaphane and sodium arsenite. METHODS We examined the expression of HO-1 in sulforaphane-, sodium arsenite- and CORM3-treated HEK293T cells, by measuring the transcriptional activity and levels of mRNA and protein. RESULTS The blockade of heme biosynthesis by succinylacetone and N-methyl protoporphyrin, which are inhibitors of heme biosynthesis, markedly decreased the induction of HO-1. The knockdown of the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of heme, 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase, also decreased the induction of HO-1. The cessation of HO-1 induction occurred at the transcriptional and translational levels, and was mediated by the activation of the heme-binding transcriptional repressor Bach1 and translational factor HRI. CO appeared to improve the expression of HO-1 at the transcriptional and translational levels. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the importance of heme metabolism in the stress-inducible expression of HO-1, and also that heme and its degradation products are protective factors for self-defense responses. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The key role of heme metabolism in the stress-inducible expression of HO-1 may promote further studies on heme and its degradation products as protective factors of cellular stresses and iron homeostasis in specialized cells, organs, and whole animal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-Aki Takeda
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan
| | - Machiko Sasai
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan
| | - Yuka Adachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan
| | - Keiko Ohnishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Fujisawa
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-8510, Japan
| | - Shingo Izawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan; Unit of Research Complex, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-8510, Japan.
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29
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Shah P, Trinh E, Qiang L, Xie L, Hu WY, Prins GS, Pi J, He YY. Arsenic Induces p62 Expression to Form a Positive Feedback Loop with Nrf2 in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes: Implications for Preventing Arsenic-Induced Skin Cancer. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020194. [PMID: 28125038 PMCID: PMC5361890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic arsenic in contaminated drinking water poses an environmental public health threat for hundreds of millions of people in the US and around the world. Arsenic is a known carcinogen for skin cancer. However, the mechanism by which arsenic induces skin cancer remains poorly understood. Here, we have shown that arsenic induces p62 expression in an autophagy-independent manner in human HaCaT keratinocytes. In mouse skin, chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water increases p62 protein levels in the epidermis. Nrf2 is required for basal and arsenic-induced p62 up-regulation. p62 knockdown reduces arsenic-induced Nrf2 activity, and induces sustained p21 up-regulation. p62 induction is associated with increased proliferation in mouse epidermis. p62 knockdown had little effect on arsenic-induced apoptosis, while it decreased cell proliferation following arsenic treatment. Our findings indicate that arsenic induces p62 expression to regulate the Nrf2 pathway in human keratinocytes and suggest that targeting p62 may help prevent arsenic-induced skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Elaine Trinh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Lei Qiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Lishi Xie
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Wen-Yang Hu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Nishimoto S, Suzuki T, Koike S, Yuan B, Takagi N, Ogasawara Y. Nrf2 activation ameliorates cytotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells through increased glutathione levels and arsenic efflux from cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:161-168. [PMID: 27317373 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic diterpene isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis, has been shown to activate nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which plays a central role in cytoprotective responses to oxidative and electrophilic stress. Recently, the Nrf2-Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1) pathway has been associated with cancer drug resistance attributable to modulation of the expression and activation of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. However, the exact mechanisms by which Nrf2 activation results in chemoresistance are insufficiently understood to date. This study investigated the mechanisms by which the cytotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO), an anticancer drug, were decreased in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells treated with CA, a typical activator of Nrf2 used to stimulate the Nrf2/Keap1 system. Our findings suggest that arsenic is non-enzymatically incorporated into NB4 cells and forms complexes that are dependent on intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations. In addition, the arsenic complexes are recognized as substrates by multidrug resistance proteins and subsequently excreted from the cells. Therefore, Nrf2-associated activation of the GSH biosynthetic pathway, followed by increased levels of intracellular GSH, are key mechanisms underlying accelerated arsenic efflux and attenuation of the cytotoxic effects of ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Nishimoto
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Suzuki
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Shin Koike
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Takagi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogasawara
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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Salvianolic Acid B Prevents Iodinated Contrast Media-Induced Acute Renal Injury in Rats via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7079487. [PMID: 27382429 PMCID: PMC4921628 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7079487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute renal injury (CI-AKI) has become a common cause of hospital-acquired renal failure. However, the development of prophylaxis strategies and approved therapies for CI-AKI is limited. Salvianolic acid B (SB) can treat cardiovascular-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of SB on prevention of CI-AKI and explore its underlying mechanisms. We examined its effectiveness of preventing renal injury in a novel CI-AKI rat model. Compared with saline, intravenous SB pretreatment significantly attenuated elevations in serum creatinine and the histological changes of renal tubular injuries, reduced the number of apoptosis-positive tubular cells, activated Nrf2, and lowered the levels of renal oxidative stress induced by iodinated contrast media. The above renoprotection of SB was abolished by the PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin). In HK-2 cells, SB activated Nrf2 and decreased the levels of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and subsequently improved cell viability. The above cytoprotection of SB was blocked by the PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) or siNrf2. Thus, our results demonstrate that, due to its antioxidant properties, SB has the potential to effectively prevent CI-AKI via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway.
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Fuse Y, Nguyen VT, Kobayashi M. Nrf2-dependent protection against acute sodium arsenite toxicity in zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:136-142. [PMID: 27306194 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor Nrf2 induces a number of detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins to confer protection against the toxic effects of a diverse range of chemicals including inorganic arsenicals. Although a number of studies using cultured cells have demonstrated that Nrf2 has a cell-protective function against acute and high-dose arsenic toxicity, there is no clear in vivo evidence of this effect. In the present study, we genetically investigated the protective role of Nrf2 against acute sodium arsenite toxicity using the zebrafish Nrf2 mutant, nrf2a(fh318). After treatment with 1mM sodium arsenite, the survival of nrf2a(fh318) larvae was significantly shorter than that of wild-type siblings, suggesting that Nrf2 protected the zebrafish larvae against high-dose arsenite exposure. To understand the molecular basis of the Nrf2-dependent protection, we analyzed the gene expression profiles after arsenite exposure, and found that the genes involved in the antioxidative function (prdx1 and gclc), arsenic metabolism (gstp1) and xenobiotic elimination (abcc2) were induced in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Furthermore, pre-treatment with sulforaphane, a well-known Nrf2 activator improved the survival of zebrafish larvae after arsenic exposure. Based on these results, we concluded that Nrf2 plays a fundamental and conserved role in protection against acute sodium arsenite toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fuse
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Vu Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
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Qin S, Hou DX. Multiple regulations of Keap1/Nrf2 system by dietary phytochemicals. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1731-55. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Qin
- Core Research Program 1515, Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province; College of Food Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Core Research Program 1515, Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province; College of Food Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
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Zhu Y, Wang P, Zhao Y, Yang C, Clark A, Leung T, Chen X, Sang S. Synthesis, evaluation, and metabolism of novel [6]-shogaol derivatives as potent Nrf2 activators. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:243-54. [PMID: 27021962 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a central component of many chronic diseases. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) system is a major regulatory pathway of cytoprotective genes against oxidative and electrophilic stress. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway plays crucial roles in the chemopreventive effects of various inducers. In this study, we developed a novel class of potent Nrf2 activators derived from ginger compound, [6]-shogaol (6S), using the Tg[glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (gstp1):green fluorescent protein (GFP)] transgenic zebrafish model. Investigation of structure-activity relationships of 6S derivatives indicates that the combination of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl entity and a catechol moiety in one compound enhances the Tg(gstp1:GFP) fluorescence signal in zebrafish embryos. Chemical reaction and in vivo metabolism studies of the four most potent 6S derivatives showed that both α,β-unsaturated carbonyl entity and catechol moiety act as major active groups for conjugation with the sulfhydryl groups of the cysteine residues. In addition, we further demonstrated that 6S derivatives increased the expression of Nrf2 downstream target, heme oxygenase-1, in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. These results suggest that α,β-unsaturated carbonyl entity and catechol moiety of 6S derivatives may react with the cysteine residues of Keap1, disrupting the Keap1-Nrf2 complex, thereby liberating and activating Nrf2. Our findings of natural product-derived Nrf2 activators lead to design options of potent Nrf2 activators for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Chun Yang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Anderson Clark
- Nutrition Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - TinChung Leung
- Nutrition Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Center University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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35
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Ditzel EJ, Li H, Foy CE, Perrera AB, Parker P, Renquist BJ, Cherrington NJ, Camenisch TD. Altered Hepatic Transport by Fetal Arsenite Exposure in Diet-Induced Fatty Liver Disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:321-30. [PMID: 26890134 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can result in changes to drug metabolism and disposition potentiating adverse drug reactions. Furthermore, arsenite exposure during development compounds the severity of diet-induced fatty liver disease. This study examines the effects of arsenite potentiated diet-induced fatty liver disease on hepatic transport in male mice. Changes were detected for Mrp2/3/4 hepatic transporter gene expression as well as for Oatp1a4/2b1/1b2. Plasma concentrations of Mrp and Oatp substrates were increased in arsenic exposure groups compared with diet-only controls. In addition, murine embryonic hepatocytes and adult primary hepatocytes show significantly altered transporter expression after exposure to arsenite alone: a previously unreported phenomenon. These data indicate that developmental exposure to arsenite leads to changes in hepatic transport which could increase the risk for ADRs during fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Ditzel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Caroline E Foy
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alec B Perrera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Patricia Parker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Benjamin J Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Todd D Camenisch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Steele Children's Research Center, Arizona Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Sarver Heart Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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Han J, Xiao Q, Lin YH, Zheng ZZ, He ZD, Hu J, Chen LD. Neuroprotective effects of salidroside on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury involve the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway. Neural Regen Res 2016; 10:1989-96. [PMID: 26889188 PMCID: PMC4730824 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.172317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salidroside, the main active ingredient extracted from Rhodiola crenulata, has been shown to be neuroprotective in ischemic cerebral injury, but the underlying mechanism for this neuroprotection is poorly understood. In the current study, the neuroprotective effect of salidroside on cerebral ischemia-induced oxidative stress and the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway was investigated in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Salidroside (30 mg/kg) reduced infarct size, improved neurological function and histological changes, increased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase, and reduced malon-dialdehyde levels after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Furthermore, salidroside apparently increased Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 expression. These results suggest that salidroside exerts its neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia through anti-oxidant mechanisms and that activation of the Nrf2 pathway is involved. The Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway may become a new therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan-Hua Lin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhen-Zhu Zheng
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhao-Dong He
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li-Dian Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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3-(2-Oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4(11bH)-one (compound 1), a novel potent Nrf2/ARE inducer, protects against DSS-induced colitis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 101:71-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shinkai Y, Kimura T, Itagaki A, Yamamoto C, Taguchi K, Yamamoto M, Kumagai Y, Kaji T. Partial contribution of the Keap1-Nrf2 system to cadmium-mediated metallothionein expression in vascular endothelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 295:37-46. [PMID: 26827822 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental electrophile that modifies protein reactive thiols such as Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), a negative regulator of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In the present study, we investigated a role of the Keap1-Nrf2 system in cellular response to cadmium in vascular endothelial cells. Exposure of bovine aortic endothelial cells to cadmium resulted in modification of Keap1 and Nrf2 activation, thereby up-regulating not only its typical downstream proteins but also metallothionein-1/2. Experiments with siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 or Keap1 supported participation of the Keap1-Nrf2 system in the modulation of metallothionein-1/2 expression. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that Nrf2 was recruited to the antioxidant response element of the promoter region of the bovine metallothionein-2 gene in the presence of cadmium. These results suggest that the transcription factor Nrf2 plays, at least in part, a role in the changes in metallothionein expression mediated by exposure to cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kimura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikedanaka-machi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan
| | - Ayaka Itagaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa, Kanazawa, 920-1181, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa, Kanazawa, 920-1181, Ishikawa, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa, Kanazawa, 920-1181, Ishikawa, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Lee JA, Son HJ, Park KD, Han SH, Shin N, Kim JH, Kim HR, Kim DJ, Hwang O. A Novel Compound ITC-3 Activates the Nrf2 Signaling and Provides Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s Disease Models. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:332-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Sulforaphane protects human umbilical vein cells against lipotoxicity by stimulating autophagy via an AMPK-mediated pathway. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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41
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Ding HF, Zhang H, Ding HF, Li D, Yi XH, Gao XY, Mou WW, Ju XL. Therapeutic effect of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats. World J Pediatr 2015; 11:74-82. [PMID: 25447631 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-014-0531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is involved in the development of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) and explored the NF-E2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway in treating HIBD. METHODS P7 rats were subjected to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and randomly divided into four groups (control, HIBD, HIBD+PD-MSCs, and HIBD+fibroblasts). Forty-eight hours after the induction of HIBD, 5×10(5) of PD-MSCs were injected into cerebral tissue in the HIBD+PD-MSCs group, while the same dose of fibroblasts were injected in the HIBD+fibroblasts group. Morris Water Maze, gross and pathological changes were tested at P28. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected in rats' hippocampus. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the changes of Nrf2/HO-1. RESULTS The HIBD group showed significantly longer escape latency and a lower frequency of original platform crossing in the Morris Water Maze compared with the control group. Rats receiving PD-MSCs showed significant improvement of HIBD. The pathological changes were evident after HIBD, but ameliorated in the PD-MSCs group. Compared with the control group, HO-1 and Nrf2 were up-regulated at gene and protein levels in the HI brain, beginning at 6 hours and peaking at 48 hours (P<0.05). The expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 in the PD-MSCs treatment group was more pronounced than in the HIBD group (P<0.01). PD-MSCs also decreased MDA production in the brain tissue. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that PD-MSCs have neuroprotective effect during the treatment of HIBD and that the mechanism may be partly due to alleviating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fang Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengli Oil Field Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034, China
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Abiko Y, Mizokawa M, Kumagai Y. Activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway through covalent modification of the 2-alkenal group of aliphatic electrophiles in Coriandrum sativum L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10936-10944. [PMID: 25307732 DOI: 10.1021/jf5030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals able to activate the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were isolated from an extract of Coriandrum sativum L. (C. sativum) leaves by preparative octadecyl silica column chromatography. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the isolated components after derivatization with 2-diphenylacetyl-1,3-inandione-1-hydrazone and experiments with HepG2 cells revealed that (E)-2-alkenals with different carbon numbers play a role in Nrf2 activation in these cells. Such Nrf2 activation appears to be attributable to S-alkylation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), the negative regulator for Nrf2, as determined by a biotin-PEAC5-maleimide assay. Interestingly, (E)-2-butenal caused Keap1 modification and Nrf2 activation, whereas butanal did not. These results suggest that (E)-2-alkenals with an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde moiety, which is a common substituent in phytochemicals isolated from C. sativum leaves, activate the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway associated with cellular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Abiko
- Faculty of Medicine and ‡Masters Program in Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 and activation of transcription factor Nrf2 are renoprotective in myoglobinuric acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2014; 86:338-49. [PMID: 24717297 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis accounts for ∼10% of acute kidney injuries. In glycerol-induced myoglobinuric acute kidney injury, we found an increase in the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear protein, a key redox-sensitive transcription factor, and Nrf2-regulated genes and proteins including upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. In in vitro studies, pretreatment of LLC-PK1 cells with an activator of Nrf2 before myoglobin exposure significantly decreased oxidant generation and cytotoxicity, whereas Nrf2 inhibition and gene silencing exacerbated the injury. Chlormethiazole, a specific CYP2E1 transcription inhibitor, prevented an increase in catalytic iron in the kidneys, decreased oxidative stress, blocked nuclear translocation of the Nrf2 protein, decreased heme oxygenase-1 upregulation, and provided functional and histological protection against acute kidney injury. CYP2E1 inhibitors and gene silencing in renal tubular epithelial cells significantly decreased reactive oxygen species generation and provided marked protection against myoglobin-induced cytotoxicity. Thus, during CYP2E1-induced oxidative stress, the transcription factor Nrf2 has a pivotal role in the early adaptive response. Inhibition of CYP2E1 coupled with the prior induction of Nrf2 may be a valuable tool to reduce CYP2E1-mediated rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury.
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Tan X, Jin P, Feng L, Song J, Sun E, Liu W, Shu L, Jia X. Protective effect of luteolin on cigarette smoke extract-induced cellular toxicity and apoptosis in normal human bronchial epithelial cells via the Nrf2 pathway. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1855-62. [PMID: 24481824 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, one of the most common abundant flavonoids in vegetables and herbs, has antitumor effects on various tumors by inducing apoptosis, antioxidant effects and inhibition of angiogenesis. However, the potential chemoprevention of luteolin on lung cell damage and its related mechanism(s) are not fully known. The present study evaluated the protective effects of luteolin on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced toxicity and apoptosis in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and explored its underlying mechanism(s). MTT assay showed that pretreatment with luteolin increased CSE-decreased cell viability (p<0.05). Luteolin increased cellular glutathione (GSH) levels but decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (p<0.05). Cytometry assay and western blot analysis showed that luteolin attenuated CSE-induced apoptosis and apoptosis‑related protein activation, including caspase‑3, -8 and -9 (p<0.05). The expression of CSE-induced NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were decreased significantly by luteolin (p<0.05). Furthermore, luteolin attenuated CSE-induced apoptosis, noticeably reduced CSE-induced expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NQO1 and HO-1 using a small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection assay. The data demonstrated that CSE-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis through the Nrf2 pathway was inhibited by luteolin and it may serve as a chemopreventive agent for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Tan
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Ping Jin
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Liang Feng
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - E Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Luan Shu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
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Wu YL, Wang D, Peng XE, Chen YL, Zheng DL, Chen WN, Lin X. Epigenetic silencing of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 by hepatitis B virus X protein increases mitochondrial injury and cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress in hepatoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:632-644. [PMID: 23920313 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a phase II enzyme that participates in the detoxification of dopamine-derived quinone molecules and reactive oxygen species. Our prior work using a proteomic approach found that NQO1 protein levels were significantly decreased in stable hepatitis B virus (HBV)-producing hepatoma cells relative to the empty-vector-transfected controls. However, the mechanism and biological significance of the NQO1 suppression remain elusive. In this study we demonstrate that HBV X protein (HBx) induces epigenetic silencing of NQO1 in hepatoma cells through promoter hypermethylation via recruitment of DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A to the promoter region of the NQO1 gene. In HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens, HBx expression was correlated negatively to NQO1 transcripts but positively to NQO1 promoter hypermethylation. Downregulation of NQO1 by HBx reduced intracellular glutathione levels, impaired mitochondrial function, and increased susceptibility of hepatoma cells to oxidative stress-induced cell injury. These results suggest a novel mechanism for HBV-mediated pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, including HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xian-E Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Da-Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wan-Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Digaleh H, Kiaei M, Khodagholi F. Nrf2 and Nrf1 signaling and ER stress crosstalk: implication for proteasomal degradation and autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4681-94. [PMID: 23800989 PMCID: PMC11113484 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen is chemically complex and crowded with polypeptides in different stages of assembly. ER quality control monitors chaperone-assisted protein folding, stochastic errors and off-pathway intermediates. In acute conditions, potentially toxic polypeptides overflow the capacity of the chaperone system and lead to ER stress. Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) following ER stress buys time for non-native polypeptides to refold or be eliminated; otherwise cell death occurs. The clearance routes for deleterious proteins are endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and ER stress-activated autophagy. The ERAD pathway is a chaperone and proteasome-mediated polypeptide degradation, while autophagy applies to wider range of substances. ER stress signal transduction recruits diverse molecules and pathways upon UPR induction to compensate stress condition. NF-E2-related factor 1 (Nrf1) and Nrf2 are two transcription factors mostly known by their induction through an antioxidant response; they can also be activated by UPR machinery. Discovery of diverse molecules downstream of Nrf1 and Nrf2 has expanded our understanding of the biological impacts of these transcription factors beyond classic antioxidant activation. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of mutual relationships between Nrf1, Nrf2, and ER stress clearance mechanisms and highlight the crosstalk of specific molecules mediating these correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Digaleh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Kiaei
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tao S, Zheng Y, Lau A, Jaramillo MC, Chau BT, Lantz RC, Wong PK, Wondrak GT, Zhang DD. Tanshinone I activates the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response and protects against As(III)-induced lung inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1647-61. [PMID: 23394605 PMCID: PMC3809600 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway regulates the cellular antioxidant response and activation of Nrf2 has recently been shown to limit tissue damage from exposure to environmental toxicants, including As(III). In an attempt to identify improved molecular agents for systemic protection against environmental insults, we have focused on the identification of novel medicinal plant-derived Nrf2 activators. RESULTS Tanshinones [tanshinone I (T-I), tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone], phenanthrenequinone-based redox therapeutics derived from the medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, have been tested as experimental therapeutics for Nrf2-dependent cytoprotection. Using a dual luciferase reporter assay overexpressing wild-type or mutant Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), we demonstrate that T-I is a potent Keap1-C151-dependent Nrf2 activator that stabilizes Nrf2 by hindering its ubiquitination. In human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to As(III), T-I displays pronounced cytoprotective activity with upregulation of Nrf2-orchestrated gene expression. In Nrf2 wild-type mice, systemic administration of T-I attenuates As(III) induced inflammatory lung damage, a protective effect not observed in Nrf2 knockout mice. INNOVATION Tanshinones have been identified as a novel class of Nrf2-inducers for antioxidant tissue protection in an in vivo As(III) inhalation model, that is relevant to low doses of environmental exposure. CONCLUSION T-I represents a prototype Nrf2-activator that displays cytoprotective activity upon systemic administration targeting lung damage originating from environmental insults. T-I based Nrf2-directed systemic intervention may provide therapeutic benefit in protecting other organs against environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Tao
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
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Cordova EJ, Valenzuela OL, Sánchez-Peña LC, Escamilla-Guerrero G, Hernández-Zavala A, Orozco L, Razo LMD. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor gene variants and susceptibility of arsenic-related skin lesions. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:582-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113506234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is an important pollutant associated with various chronic-degenerative diseases. The cytoprotective protein nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) has been proposed as an important responsive mechanism against iAs exposure. The aim of this study was to determine whether the risk of skin lesions in people exposed to iAs-contaminated water could be modified by the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NRF2 coding gene. We studied 117 individuals with long-term iAs exposure and 120 nonexposed individuals. Total As was determined in water, meanwhile iAs and its metabolites were measured in urine. The iAs-induced skin lesion status was evaluated by expert dermatologists. We sequenced the promoter region of NRF2 in a sample of 120 healthy donors. We found four polymorphisms previously reported and one novel polymorphism in the 5′ regulatory region of the NRF2. In this study, we did not find allelic and genotype association of NRF2 polymorphisms with iAs-related skin lesion. However, the analysis of haplotypes composed by –653GA, and –617CA NRF2 single nucleotide polymorphisms showed a significant association with protection against skin lesions in the low-As exposure group. This is the first report studying the association between NRF2 polymorphisms and susceptibility of As-related skin lesions. Increasing the sample size will allow us to confirm this data.
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Affiliation(s)
- EJ Cordova
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Health Ministry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - OL Valenzuela
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - LC Sánchez-Peña
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - A Hernández-Zavala
- Sección de Investigación y Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Orozco
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Health Ministry, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - LM Del Razo
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Steele ML, Fuller S, Patel M, Kersaitis C, Ooi L, Münch G. Effect of Nrf2 activators on release of glutathione, cysteinylglycine and homocysteine by human U373 astroglial cells. Redox Biol 2013; 1:441-5. [PMID: 24191238 PMCID: PMC3814960 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons rely on the release and subsequent cleavage of GSH to cysteinylglycine (CysGly) by astrocytes in order to maintain optimal intracellular GSH levels. In neurodegenerative diseases characterised by oxidative stress, neurons need an optimal GSH supply to defend themselves against free radicals released from activated microglia and astroglia. The rate of GSH synthesis is controlled largely by the activity of γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase. Expression of γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase and of the Xc- system, which facilitates cystine uptake, is regulated by the redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Compounds that can activate the Nrf2-ARE pathway, referred to as ‘Nrf2 activators’ are receiving growing attention due to their potential as GSH-boosting drugs. This study compares four known Nrf2 activators, R-α-Lipoic acid (LA), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), sulforaphane (SFN) and Polygonum cuspidatum extract containing 50% resveratrol (PC-Res) for their effects on astroglial release of GSH and CysGly. GSH levels increased dose-dependently in response to all four drugs. Sulforaphane produced the most potent effect, increasing GSH by up to 2.4-fold. PC-Res increased GSH up to 1.6-fold, followed by TBHQ (1.5-fold) and LA (1.4-fold). GSH is processed by the ectoenzyme, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, to form CysGly. Once again, SFN produced the most potent effect, increasing CysGly by up to 1.7-fold, compared to control cells. TBHQ and PC-Res both induced fold increases of 1.3, followed by LA with a fold increase of 1.2. The results from the present study showed that sulforaphane, followed by lipoic acid, resveratrol and Polygonum multiflorum were all identified as potent “GSH and Cys-Gly boosters”. R-α-Lipoic acid (LA), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), sulforaphane (SFN) and Polygonum cuspidatum extract containing 50% resveratrol (PC-Res) increase astroglial release of GSH. Sulforaphane produced the most potent effect, increasing GSH by up to 2.4-fold. PC-Res increased GSH up to 1.6-fold, followed by TBHQ (1.5-fold) and LA (1.4-fold). GSH is processed by the ectoenzyme, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, to form CysGly. Once again, SFN produced the most potent effect, increasing CysGly by up to 1.7-fold, compared to control cells. TBHQ and PC-Res both induced fold increases of 1.3, followed by LA with a fold increase of 1.2.
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Key Words
- ARE, antioxidant response elements
- Astroglia
- CysGly, cysteinylglycine
- Cysteinylglycine
- DMEM, Dulbeccos's Modified Eagle Medium
- GSH, glutathione
- Glutathione
- HCys, homocysteine
- LA, α-lipoic acid
- Nrf2 activators
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2
- PC, Polygonum cuspidatum
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SFN, sulforaphane
- TBHQ, Tert-butylhydroquinone
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Steele
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Campbelltown, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Stacey Fuller
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Campbelltown, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Mili Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Campbelltown, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Cindy Kersaitis
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- School of Biological Sciences, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Campbelltown, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Complementary Medicine Research (CompleMED), University of Western Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Campbelltown, NSW 2751, Australia. Tel.: +61 2 4620 3814; fax: +61 2 4620 3890.
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Curcumin attenuates arsenic-induced hepatic injuries and oxidative stress in experimental mice through activation of Nrf2 pathway, promotion of arsenic methylation and urinary excretion. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:739-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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