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Papantoniou M, Panagopoulos G. Concurrent acute sensorimotor axonal neuropathy and disseminated encephalitis associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae in an adult patient with anti-MOG and anti-sulfatide antibodies: a case report. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2024; 17:17562864241237850. [PMID: 38495363 PMCID: PMC10944586 DOI: 10.1177/17562864241237850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome refer to post-infectious or post-vaccination inflammatory demyelinating disorders of central and peripheral nervous system, respectively. We report the case of a 60-year-old male patient presenting with irritability, gait difficulty, asymmetric quadriparesis (mostly in his left extremities), distal sensory loss for pain and temperature in left limbs, and reduced tendon reflexes in his upper limbs and absent in his lower limbs, following an upper respiratory tract infection, 3 weeks earlier. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormal T2 signal and peripherally enhancing lesions in hemispheres, brainstem, and cerebellum. Nerve conduction studies were compatible with acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy. Serology revealed positive IgM and IgG antibodies for Chlamydia pneumoniae, and he also tested positive for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and sulfatide antibodies. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone led to clinical and radiological recovery within weeks. Even though several cases of combined central and peripheral demyelination have been reported before, it is the first case report with seropositive anti-sulfatide and anti-MOG acute sensorimotor axonal neuropathy and disseminated encephalitis associated with C. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Papantoniou
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias Avenue 72–74, Athens 11528, Greece
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2
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Barnes-Vélez JA, Aksoy Yasar FB, Hu J. Myelin lipid metabolism and its role in myelination and myelin maintenance. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100360. [PMID: 36588745 PMCID: PMC9800635 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a specialized cell membrane indispensable for rapid nerve conduction. The high abundance of membrane lipids is one of myelin's salient features that contribute to its unique role as an insulator that electrically isolates nerve fibers across their myelinated surface. The most abundant lipids in myelin include cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and plasmalogens, each playing critical roles in myelin development as well as function. This review serves to summarize the role of lipid metabolism in myelination and myelin maintenance, as well as the molecular determinants of myelin lipid homeostasis, with an emphasis on findings from genetic models. In addition, the implications of myelin lipid dysmetabolism in human diseases are highlighted in the context of hereditary leukodystrophies and neuropathies as well as acquired disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Barnes-Vélez
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA
| | - Fatma Betul Aksoy Yasar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
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3
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Mutoh T, Niimi Y, Ito S, Akiyama H, Shiroki R, Hirabayashi Y, Hoshinaga K. A pilot study assessing sphingolipids and glycolipids dysmetabolism in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 639:84-90. [PMID: 36473311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus usually exhibits triad of symptoms including gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and dementia with ventriculomegaly. Currently, its pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. To provide a better understanding of this order, we examined whether dysmetabolism of sphingolipids as major lipid components in the brain present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the patients. Here, we measured various sphingolipidsincluding ceramide and sphingomyelin and glycolipids by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in the cerebrospinal fluid of 19 consecutive idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients, 49 Parkinson's disease patients, and 17 neurologically normal controls. The data showed that there was a significant and specific reduction of all galactosylceramide subspecies levels in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients compared with other groups, whereas ceramide and sphingomyelin levels as well as other neutral glycolipids such as glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide were similar in both disease states. Multiple regression analysis of sex and age did not show any correlation with galactosylceramide levels. We also examined whether MMSE scores are correlated with sphingolipid levels in iNPH patients. A specific subspecies of sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0) only exhibited a statistically significant negative correlation (p = 0.0473, R = -0.4604) with MMSE scores but no other sphingolipids in iNPH patients. These data strongly suggest that myelin-rich galactosylceramide metabolism is severely impaired in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients and might serve as the basis of biomarker for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Mutoh
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Niimi
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisako Akiyama
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan; Juntendo Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Shiroki
- Department of Urology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Kiyotaka Hoshinaga
- Department of Urology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Capelluto DGS. The repertoire of protein-sulfatide interactions reveal distinct modes of sulfatide recognition. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1080161. [PMID: 36533082 PMCID: PMC9748700 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1080161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfatide is an abundant glycosphingolipid in the mammalian nervous system, kidney, trachea, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and pancreas and is found in low levels in other tissues. Sulfatide is characterized by the presence of a sulfate group in the hydrophilic galactose moiety, with isoforms differing in their sphingosine base and the length, unsaturation, and hydroxylation of their acyl chain. Sulfatide has been associated with a variety of cellular processes including immune responses, cell survival, myelin organization, platelet aggregation, and host-pathogen interactions. Structural studies of protein-sulfatide interactions markedly advanced our understanding of their molecular contacts, key-interacting residues, orientation of the sulfatide in its binding site, and in some cases, sulfatide-mediated protein oligomerization. To date, all protein-sulfatide interactions are reported to display dissociation constants in the low micromolar range. At least three distinct modes of protein-sulfatide binding were identified: 1) protein binding to short consensus stretches of amino acids that adopt α-helical-loop-α-helical conformations; 2) sulfatide-bound proteins that present the sulfatide head group to another protein; and 3) proteins that cage sulfatides. The scope of this review is to present an up-to-date overview of these molecular mechanisms of sulfatide recognition to better understand the role of this glycosphingolipid in physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. S Capelluto
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Leal AF, Suarez DA, Echeverri-Peña OY, Albarracín SL, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Espejo-Mojica ÁJ. Sphingolipids and their role in health and disease in the central nervous system. Adv Biol Regul 2022; 85:100900. [PMID: 35870382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are lipids derived from sphingosine, and their metabolism involves a broad and complex network of reactions. Although SLs are widely distributed in the body, it is well known that they are present in high concentrations within the central nervous system (CNS). Under physiological conditions, their abundance and distribution in the CNS depend on brain development and cell type. Consequently, SLs metabolism impairment may have a significant impact on the normal CNS function, and has been associated with several disorders, including sphingolipidoses, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's. This review summarizes the main SLs characteristics and current knowledge about synthesis, catabolism, regulatory pathways, and their role in physiological and pathological scenarios in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Leal
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Diego A Suarez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Olga Yaneth Echeverri-Peña
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Sonia Luz Albarracín
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.
| | - Ángela Johana Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.
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Narine M, Colognato H. Current Insights Into Oligodendrocyte Metabolism and Its Power to Sculpt the Myelin Landscape. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:892968. [PMID: 35573837 PMCID: PMC9097137 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.892968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Once believed to be part of the nervenkitt or “nerve glue” network in the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendroglial cells now have established roles in key neurological functions such as myelination, neuroprotection, and motor learning. More recently, oligodendroglia has become the subject of intense investigations aimed at understanding the contributions of its energetics to CNS physiology and pathology. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of oligodendroglial metabolism in regulating key stages of oligodendroglial development and health, its role in providing energy to neighboring cells such as neurons, as well as how alterations in oligodendroglial bioenergetics contribute to disease states. Importantly, we highlight how certain inputs can regulate oligodendroglial metabolism, including extrinsic and intrinsic mediators of cellular signaling, pharmacological compounds, and even dietary interventions. Lastly, we discuss emerging studies aimed at discovering the therapeutic potential of targeting components within oligodendroglial bioenergetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanlall Narine
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Holly Colognato
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Holly Colognato
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Slováčková J, Slavík J, Kulich P, Večeřa J, Kováč O, Paculová H, Straková N, Fedr R, Silva JP, Carvalho F, Machala M, Procházková J. Polychlorinated environmental toxicants affect sphingolipid metabolism during neurogenesis in vitro. Toxicology 2021; 463:152986. [PMID: 34627992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are important signaling molecules and functional components of cellular membranes. Although SLs are known as crucial regulators of neural cell physiology and differentiation, modulations of SLs by environmental neurotoxicants in neural cells and their neuronal progeny have not yet been explored. In this study, we used in vitro models of differentiated neuron-like cells, which were repeatedly exposed during differentiation to model environmental toxicants, and we analyzed changes in sphingolipidome, cellular morphology and gene expression related to SL metabolism or neuronal differentiation. We compared these data with the results obtained in undifferentiated neural cells with progenitor-like features. As model polychlorinated organic pollutants, we used 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB11) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153). PCB153 revealed itself as the most prominent deregulator of SL metabolism and as potent toxicant during early phases of in vitro neurogenesis. TCDD exerted only minor changes in the levels of analysed lipid species, however, it significantly changed the rate of pro-neuronal differentiation and deregulated expression of neuronal markers during neurogenesis. PCB11 acted as a potent disruptor of in vitro neurogenesis, which induced significant alterations in SL metabolism and cellular morphology in both differentiated neuron-like models (differentiated NE4C and NG108-15 cells). We identified ceramide-1-phosphate, lactosylceramides and several glycosphingolipids to be the most sensitive SL species to exposure to polychlorinated pollutants. Additionally, we identified deregulation of several genes related to SL metabolism, which may be explored in future as potential markers of developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Slováčková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Slavík
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kulich
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Večeřa
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kováč
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Paculová
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicol Straková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - João Pedro Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiřina Procházková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic.
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8
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Blomqvist M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Månsson JE. Sulfatide in health and disease. The evaluation of sulfatide in cerebrospinal fluid as a possible biomarker for neurodegeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 116:103670. [PMID: 34562592 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfatide (3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, SM4) is a glycosphingolipid, highly multifunctional and particularly enriched in the myelin sheath of neurons. The role of sulfatide has been implicated in various biological fields such as the nervous system, immune system, host-pathogen recognition and infection, beta cell function and haemostasis/thrombosis. Thus, alterations in sulfatide metabolism and production are associated with several human diseases such as neurological and immunological disorders and cancers. The unique lipid-rich composition of myelin reflects the importance of lipids in this specific membrane structure. Sulfatide has been shown to be involved in the regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and in the maintenance of the myelin sheath by influencing membrane dynamics involving sorting and lateral assembly of myelin proteins as well as ion channels. Sulfatide is furthermore essential for proper formation of the axo-glial junctions at the paranode together with axonal glycosphingolipids. Alterations in sulfatide metabolism are suggested to contribute to myelin deterioration as well as synaptic dysfunction, neurological decline and inflammation observed in different conditions associated with myelin pathology (mouse models and human disorders). Body fluid biomarkers are of importance for clinical diagnostics as well as for patient stratification in clinical trials and treatment monitoring. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is commonly used as an indirect measure of brain metabolism and analysis of CSF sulfatide might provide information regarding whether the lipid disruption observed in neurodegenerative disorders is reflected in this body fluid. In this review, we evaluate the diagnostic utility of CSF sulfatide as a biomarker for neurodegenerative disorders associated with dysmyelination/demyelination by summarising the current literature on this topic. We can conclude that neither CSF sulfatide levels nor individual sulfatide species consistently reflect the lipid disruption observed in many of the demyelinating disorders. One exception is the lysosomal storage disorder metachromatic leukodystrophy, possibly due to the genetically determined accumulation of non-metabolised sulfatide. We also discuss possible explanations as to why myelin pathology in brain tissue is poorly reflected by the CSF sulfatide concentration. The previous suggestion that CSF sulfatide is a marker of myelin damage has thereby been challenged by more recent studies using more sophisticated laboratory techniques for sulfatide analysis as well as improved sample selection criteria due to increased knowledge on disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jan-Eric Månsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Bonduelle T, Hartlieb T, Baldassari S, Sim NS, Kim SH, Kang HC, Kobow K, Coras R, Chipaux M, Dorfmüller G, Adle-Biassette H, Aronica E, Lee JH, Blumcke I, Baulac S. Frequent SLC35A2 brain mosaicism in mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE). Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:3. [PMID: 33407896 PMCID: PMC7788938 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal malformations of cortical development (MCD) are linked to somatic brain mutations occurring during neurodevelopment. Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE) is a newly recognized clinico-pathological entity associated with pediatric drug-resistant focal epilepsy, and amenable to neurosurgical treatment. MOGHE is histopathologically characterized by clusters of increased oligodendroglial cell densities, patchy zones of hypomyelination, and heterotopic neurons in the white matter. The molecular etiology of MOGHE remained unknown so far. We hypothesized a contribution of mosaic brain variants and performed deep targeted gene sequencing on 20 surgical MOGHE brain samples from a single-center cohort of pediatric patients. We identified somatic pathogenic SLC35A2 variants in 9/20 (45%) patients with mosaic rates ranging from 7 to 52%. SLC35A2 encodes a UDP-galactose transporter, previously implicated in other malformations of cortical development (MCD) and a rare type of congenital disorder of glycosylation. To further clarify the histological features of SLC35A2-brain tissues, we then collected 17 samples with pathogenic SLC35A2 variants from a multicenter cohort of MCD cases. Histopathological reassessment including anti-Olig2 staining confirmed a MOGHE diagnosis in all cases. Analysis by droplet digital PCR of pools of microdissected cells from one MOGHE tissue revealed a variant enrichment in clustered oligodendroglial cells and heterotopic neurons. Through an international consortium, we assembled an unprecedented series of 26 SLC35A2-MOGHE cases providing evidence that mosaic SLC35A2 variants, likely occurred in a neuroglial progenitor cell during brain development, are a genetic marker for MOGHE.
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Grassi S, Giussani P, Mauri L, Prioni S, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. Lipid rafts and neurodegeneration: structural and functional roles in physiologic aging and neurodegenerative diseases. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:636-654. [PMID: 31871065 PMCID: PMC7193971 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr119000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are small, dynamic membrane areas characterized by the clustering of selected membrane lipids as the result of the spontaneous separation of glycolipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol in a liquid-ordered phase. The exact dynamics underlying phase separation of membrane lipids in the complex biological membranes are still not fully understood. Nevertheless, alterations in the membrane lipid composition affect the lateral organization of molecules belonging to lipid rafts. Neural lipid rafts are found in brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and are characterized by a high enrichment of specific lipids depending on the cell type. These lipid rafts seem to organize and determine the function of multiprotein complexes involved in several aspects of signal transduction, thus regulating the homeostasis of the brain. The progressive decline of brain performance along with physiological aging is at least in part associated with alterations in the composition and structure of neural lipid rafts. In addition, neurodegenerative conditions, such as lysosomal storage disorders, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's diseases, are frequently characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism, which in turn affects the structure of lipid rafts. Several events underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases appear to depend on the altered composition of lipid rafts. Thus, the structure and function of lipid rafts play a central role in the pathogenesis of many common neurodegenerative diseases.jlr;61/5/636/F1F1f1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. mailto:
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11
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Mishra SK, Gao YG, Zou X, Stephenson DJ, Malinina L, Hinchcliffe EH, Chalfant CE, Brown RE. Emerging roles for human glycolipid transfer protein superfamily members in the regulation of autophagy, inflammation, and cell death. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 78:101031. [PMID: 32339554 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipid transfer proteins (GLTPs) were first identified over three decades ago as ~24kDa, soluble, amphitropic proteins that specifically accelerate the intermembrane transfer of glycolipids. Upon discovery that GLTPs use a unique, all-α-helical, two-layer 'sandwich' architecture (GLTP-fold) to bind glycosphingolipids (GSLs), a new protein superfamily was born. Structure/function studies have provided exquisite insights defining features responsible for lipid headgroup selectivity and hydrophobic 'pocket' adaptability for accommodating hydrocarbon chains of differing length and unsaturation. In humans, evolutionarily-modified GLTP-folds have been identified with altered sphingolipid specificity, e. g. ceramide-1-phosphate transfer protein (CPTP), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate adaptor protein-2 (FAPP2) which harbors a GLTP-domain and GLTPD2. Despite the wealth of structural data (>40 Protein Data Bank deposits), insights into the in vivo functional roles of GLTP superfamily members have emerged slowly. In this review, recent advances are presented and discussed implicating human GLTP superfamily members as important regulators of: i) pro-inflammatory eicosanoid production associated with Group-IV cytoplasmic phospholipase A2; ii) autophagy and inflammasome assembly that drive surveillance cell release of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 inflammatory cytokines; iii) cell cycle arrest and necroptosis induction in certain colon cancer cell lines. The effects exerted by GLTP superfamily members appear linked to their ability to regulate sphingolipid homeostasis by acting in either transporter and/or sensor capacities. These timely findings are opening new avenues for future cross-disciplinary, translational medical research involving GLTP-fold proteins in human health and disease. Such avenues include targeted regulation of specific GLTP superfamily members to alter sphingolipid levels as a therapeutic means for combating viral infection, neurodegenerative conditions and circumventing chemo-resistance during cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrawan K Mishra
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Yong-Guang Gao
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Xianqiong Zou
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Daniel J Stephenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Lucy Malinina
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | | | - Charles E Chalfant
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; The Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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12
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Poitelon Y, Kopec AM, Belin S. Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040812. [PMID: 32230947 PMCID: PMC7226731 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is critical for the proper function of the nervous system and one of the most complex cell–cell interactions of the body. Myelination allows for the rapid conduction of action potentials along axonal fibers and provides physical and trophic support to neurons. Myelin contains a high content of lipids, and the formation of the myelin sheath requires high levels of fatty acid and lipid synthesis, together with uptake of extracellular fatty acids. Recent studies have further advanced our understanding of the metabolism and functions of myelin fatty acids and lipids. In this review, we present an overview of the basic biology of myelin lipids and recent insights on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and functions in myelinating cells. In addition, this review may serve to provide a foundation for future research characterizing the role of fatty acids and lipids in myelin biology and metabolic disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system.
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Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Functions: Targeting Lipid Metabolism and Extracellular Matrix for Myelin Repair. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020470. [PMID: 32046349 PMCID: PMC7073561 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is an essential structure that protects axons, provides metabolic support to neurons and allows fast nerve transmission. Several neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, are characterized by myelin damage, which is responsible of severe functional impairment. Myelin repair requires the timely recruitment of adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) at the lesion sites, their differentiation and maturation into myelinating oligodendrocytes. As a consequence, OPCs undergo profound changes in their morphology, functions, and interactions with other cells and extracellular environment, thus requiring the reorganization of both their lipid metabolism and their membrane composition, which is substantially different compared to other plasma membranes. Despite the growing knowledge in oligodendroglia biology and in the mechanisms involved in OPC-mediated regeneration, the identification of strategies to promote remyelination still remains a challenge. Here, we describe how altered lipid metabolism in oligodendrocytes influences the pathogenesis of demyelination, and we show that several FDA-approved drugs with a previously unknown remyelination potential do act on cholesterol and lipid biosynthetic pathways. Since the interplay between myelin lipids and axons is strictly coordinated by the extracellular matrix (ECM), we also discuss the role of different ECM components, and report the last findings on new ECM-modifiers able to foster endogenous remyelination.
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Wood PL. Targeted lipidomics and metabolomics evaluations of cortical neuronal stress in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 212:107-112. [PMID: 31434624 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical neuronal dysfunction has been proposed to underlie the psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia. Previously we have reported altered sphingolipid and N-acylphosphatidylserine (NAPS) metabolism in the frontal cortex in schizophrenia. We continue to expand these investigations to define the biochemical basis for these critical neuropathologies. METHODS We undertook a targeted high resolution mass spectrometric analysis to validate our previous reports of elevated sphingolipids and NAPS in the frontal cortex of a new cohort of schizophrenia subjects. Furthermore we expanded these analyses to include ceramides, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPE), and N-acylethanolamines (NAE). In the same tissue samples we examined N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), a modulator of excitatory amino acid transmission, hypothesized to be involved in the pathology of schizophrenia. RESULTS We repeated our observations of elevated sulfatides in the frontal cortex in schizophrenia. An in-depth analysis of other sphingolipids revealed decrements in ceramide levels and increased levels of lactosylceramides. NAPS also were found to be augmented in schizophrenia as we previously reported. In addition, levels of NAPES, established biomarkers of neuronal stress, were elevated while their metabolites, NAEs were decreased. With regard to excitatory amino acid neurotransmission, NAAG levels were decreased by 50% while the metabolic precursor, N-acetylaspartate was unaltered. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the concept of cortical neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia as indicated by altered metabolism of structural sphingolipids and NAAG, a modulator of excitatory amino acid neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Wood
- Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy., Harrogate, TN 37752, United States of America.
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Grassi S, Mauri L, Prioni S, Cabitta L, Sonnino S, Prinetti A, Giussani P. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors and Metabolic Enzymes as Druggable Targets for Brain Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:807. [PMID: 31427962 PMCID: PMC6689979 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is characterized by a high content of sphingolipids and by a high diversity in terms of different structures. Stage- and cell-specific sphingolipid metabolism and expression are crucial for brain development and maintenance toward adult age. On the other hand, deep dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism, leading to altered sphingolipid pattern, is associated with the majority of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, even those totally lacking a common etiological background. Thus, sphingolipid metabolism has always been regarded as a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of brain disorders. However, any therapeutic hypothesis applied to complex amphipathic sphingolipids, components of cellular membranes, has so far failed probably because of the high regional complexity and specificity of the different biological roles of these structures. Simpler sphingosine-based lipids, including ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate, are important regulators of brain homeostasis, and, thanks to the relative simplicity of their metabolic network, they seem a feasible druggable target for the treatment of brain diseases. The enzymes involved in the control of the levels of bioactive sphingoids, as well as the receptors engaged by these molecules, have increasingly allured pharmacologists and clinicians, and eventually fingolimod, a functional antagonist of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors with immunomodulatory properties, was approved for the therapy of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Considering the importance of neuroinflammation in many other brain diseases, we would expect an extension of the use of such analogs for the treatment of other ailments in the future. Nevertheless, many aspects other than neuroinflammation are regulated by bioactive sphingoids in healthy brain and dysregulated in brain disease. In this review, we are addressing the multifaceted possibility to address the metabolism and biology of bioactive sphingosine 1-phosphate as novel targets for the development of therapeutic paradigms and the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Livia Cabitta
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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16
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Hierarchical self-assembly and emergent function of densely glycosylated peptide nanofibers. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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17
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Bell S, Rousseau J, Peng H, Aouabed Z, Priam P, Theroux JF, Jefri M, Tanti A, Wu H, Kolobova I, Silviera H, Manzano-Vargas K, Ehresmann S, Hamdan FF, Hettige N, Zhang X, Antonyan L, Nassif C, Ghaloul-Gonzalez L, Sebastian J, Vockley J, Begtrup AG, Wentzensen IM, Crunk A, Nicholls RD, Herman KC, Deignan JL, Al-Hertani W, Efthymiou S, Salpietro V, Miyake N, Makita Y, Matsumoto N, Østern R, Houge G, Hafström M, Fassi E, Houlden H, Klein Wassink-Ruiter JS, Nelson D, Goldstein A, Dabir T, van Gils J, Bourgeron T, Delorme R, Cooper GM, Martinez JE, Finnila CR, Carmant L, Lortie A, Oegema R, van Gassen K, Mehta SG, Huhle D, Abou Jamra R, Martin S, Brunner HG, Lindhout D, Au M, Graham JM, Coubes C, Turecki G, Gravel S, Mechawar N, Rossignol E, Michaud JL, Lessard J, Ernst C, Campeau PM. Mutations in ACTL6B Cause Neurodevelopmental Deficits and Epilepsy and Lead to Loss of Dendrites in Human Neurons. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:815-834. [PMID: 31031012 PMCID: PMC6507050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified individuals with variations in ACTL6B, a component of the chromatin remodeling machinery including the BAF complex. Ten individuals harbored bi-allelic mutations and presented with global developmental delay, epileptic encephalopathy, and spasticity, and ten individuals with de novo heterozygous mutations displayed intellectual disability, ambulation deficits, severe language impairment, hypotonia, Rett-like stereotypies, and minor facial dysmorphisms (wide mouth, diastema, bulbous nose). Nine of these ten unrelated individuals had the identical de novo c.1027G>A (p.Gly343Arg) mutation. Human-derived neurons were generated that recaptured ACTL6B expression patterns in development from progenitor cell to post-mitotic neuron, validating the use of this model. Engineered knock-out of ACTL6B in wild-type human neurons resulted in profound deficits in dendrite development, a result recapitulated in two individuals with different bi-allelic mutations, and reversed on clonal genetic repair or exogenous expression of ACTL6B. Whole-transcriptome analyses and whole-genomic profiling of the BAF complex in wild-type and bi-allelic mutant ACTL6B neural progenitor cells and neurons revealed increased genomic binding of the BAF complex in ACTL6B mutants, with corresponding transcriptional changes in several genes including TPPP and FSCN1, suggesting that altered regulation of some cytoskeletal genes contribute to altered dendrite development. Assessment of bi-alleic and heterozygous ACTL6B mutations on an ACTL6B knock-out human background demonstrated that bi-allelic mutations mimic engineered deletion deficits while heterozygous mutations do not, suggesting that the former are loss of function and the latter are gain of function. These results reveal a role for ACTL6B in neurodevelopment and implicate another component of chromatin remodeling machinery in brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Bell
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Justine Rousseau
- CHU-Sainte Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Huashan Peng
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Zahia Aouabed
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Pierre Priam
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Theroux
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Malvin Jefri
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Arnaud Tanti
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Hanrong Wu
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Ilaria Kolobova
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Heika Silviera
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Karla Manzano-Vargas
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Sophie Ehresmann
- CHU-Sainte Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Fadi F Hamdan
- CHU-Sainte Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nuwan Hettige
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Xin Zhang
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Lilit Antonyan
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Christina Nassif
- CHU-Sainte Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Lina Ghaloul-Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Sebastian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert D Nicholls
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristin C Herman
- University of California at Davis Medical Center, Section of Medical Genomics, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Joshua L Deignan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Walla Al-Hertani
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshio Makita
- Education Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Rune Østern
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Postbox 3250, Sluppen 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gunnar Houge
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Hafström
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Postbox 3250, Sluppen 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emily Fassi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Jolien S Klein Wassink-Ruiter
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic Nelson
- McGill University, Department of Human Genetics, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Amy Goldstein
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tabib Dabir
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Julien van Gils
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, University Paris Diderot, Paris 75015, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, University Paris Diderot, Paris 75015, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Paris, France
| | - Gregory M Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | | | | | - Lionel Carmant
- Children's Rehabilitation Service, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Anne Lortie
- Department of Neurology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sarju G Mehta
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Dagmar Huhle
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja Martin
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6500 GA, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Lindhout
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht & Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Margaret Au
- Medical Genetics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - John M Graham
- Medical Genetics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christine Coubes
- Service de génétique clinique, Département de génétique médicale, Maladies rares et médecine personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes malformatifs du Sud-Ouest Occitanie Réunion, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Simon Gravel
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Elsa Rossignol
- CHU-Sainte Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- CHU-Sainte Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Julie Lessard
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Carl Ernst
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- CHU-Sainte Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Baba H, Ishibashi T. The Role of Sulfatides in Axon–Glia Interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:165-179. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Pollet H, Conrard L, Cloos AS, Tyteca D. Plasma Membrane Lipid Domains as Platforms for Vesicle Biogenesis and Shedding? Biomolecules 2018; 8:E94. [PMID: 30223513 PMCID: PMC6164003 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to several pathophysiological processes and appear as emerging targets for disease diagnosis and therapy. However, successful translation from bench to bedside requires deeper understanding of EVs, in particular their diversity, composition, biogenesis and shedding mechanisms. In this review, we focus on plasma membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs), far less appreciated than exosomes. We integrate documented mechanisms involved in MV biogenesis and shedding, focusing on the red blood cell as a model. We then provide a perspective for the relevance of plasma membrane lipid composition and biophysical properties in microvesiculation on red blood cells but also platelets, immune and nervous cells as well as tumor cells. Although only a few data are available in this respect, most of them appear to converge to the idea that modulation of plasma membrane lipid content, transversal asymmetry and lateral heterogeneity in lipid domains may play a significant role in the vesiculation process. We suggest that lipid domains may represent platforms for inclusion/exclusion of membrane lipids and proteins into MVs and that MVs could originate from distinct domains during physiological processes and disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pollet
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Louise Conrard
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anne-Sophie Cloos
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Olsen ASB, Færgeman NJ. Sphingolipids: membrane microdomains in brain development, function and neurological diseases. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170069. [PMID: 28566300 PMCID: PMC5451547 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the nervous system where they are pivotal constituents of the plasma membranes and are important for proper brain development and functions. Sphingolipids are not merely structural elements, but are also recognized as regulators of cellular events by their ability to form microdomains in the plasma membrane. The significance of such compartmentalization spans broadly from being involved in differentiation of neurons and synaptic transmission to neuronal–glial interactions and myelin stability. Thus, perturbations of the sphingolipid metabolism can lead to rearrangements in the plasma membrane, which has been linked to the development of various neurological diseases. Studying microdomains and their functions has for a long time been synonymous with studying the role of cholesterol. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that microdomains are very heterogeneous, which among others can be ascribed to the vast number of sphingolipids. In this review, we discuss the importance of microdomains with emphasis on sphingolipids in brain development and function as well as how disruption of the sphingolipid metabolism (and hence microdomains) contributes to the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S B Olsen
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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21
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Shmueli K, Dodd SJ, van Gelderen P, Duyn JH. Investigating lipids as a source of chemical exchange-induced MRI frequency shifts. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3525. [PMID: 27076394 PMCID: PMC5063672 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
While magnetic susceptibility is a major contributor to NMR resonance frequency variations in the human brain, a substantial contribution may come from the chemical exchange of protons between water and other molecules. Exchange-induced frequency shifts fe have been measured in tissue and protein solutions, but relatively lipid-rich white matter (WM) has a larger fe than gray matter, suggesting that lipids could contribute. Galactocerebrosides (GC) are a prime candidate as they are abundant in WM and susceptible to exchange. To investigate this, fe was measured in a model of WM lipid membranes in the form of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs), consisting of a 1:2 molar ratio of GC and phospholipids (POPC), and in MLVs with POPC only. Chemical shift imaging with 15% volume fraction of dioxane, an internal reference whose protons are assumed not to undergo chemical exchange, was used to remove susceptibility-induced frequency shifts in an attempt to measure fe in MLVs at several lipid concentrations. Initial analysis of these measurements indicated a necessity to correct for small unexpected variations in dioxane concentration due to its effect on the water frequency shift. To achieve this, the actual dioxane concentration was inferred from spectral analysis and its additional contribution to fe was removed through separate experiments which showed that the water-dioxane frequency shift depended linearly on the dioxane concentration at low concentrations with a proportionality constant of -0.021 ± 0.002 ppb/mM in agreement with published experiments. Contrary to expectations and uncorrected results, for GC + POPC vesicles, the dependence of the corrected fe on GC concentration was insignificant (0.023 ± 0.037 ppb/mM; r2 = 0.085, p > 0.57), whereas for the POPC-only vesicles a small but significant linear increase with POPC concentration was found: 0.044 ± 0.008 ppb/mM (r2 = 0.877, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that the exchange-induced contribution of lipids to frequency contrast in WM may be small. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shmueli
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional & Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - S J Dodd
- Laboratory of Functional & Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - P van Gelderen
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional & Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - J H Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional & Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, USA
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Hirahara Y, Wakabayashi T, Mori T, Koike T, Yao I, Tsuda M, Honke K, Gotoh H, Ono K, Yamada H. Sulfatide species with various fatty acid chains in oligodendrocytes at different developmental stages determined by imaging mass spectrometry. J Neurochem 2016; 140:435-450. [PMID: 27861899 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HSO3-3-galactosylceramide (Sulfatide) species comprise the major glycosphingolipid components of oligodendrocytes and myelin and play functional roles in the regulation of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin formation. Although various sulfatide species contain different fatty acids, it is unclear how these sulfatide species affect oligodendrogenesis and myelination. The O4 monoclonal antibody reaction with sulfatide has been widely used as a useful marker for oligodendrocytes and myelin. However, sulfatide synthesis during the pro-oligodendroblast stage, where differentiation into the oligodendrocyte lineage has already occurred, has not been examined. Notably, this stage comprises O4-positive cells. In this study, we identified a sulfatide species from the pro-oligodendroblast-to-myelination stage by imaging mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that short-chain sulfatides with 16 carbon non-hydroxylated fatty acids (C16) and 18 carbon non-hydroxylated fatty acids (C18) or 18 carbon hydroxylated fatty acids (C18-OH) existed in restricted regions of the early embryonic spinal cord, where pro-oligodendroblasts initially appear, and co-localized with Olig2-positive pro-oligodendroblasts. C18 and C18-OH sulfatides also existed in isolated pro-oligodendroblasts. C22-OH sulfatide became predominant later in oligodendrocyte development and the longer C24 sulfatide was predominant in the adult brain. Additionally, the presence of each sulfatide species in a different area of the adult brain was demonstrated by imaging mass spectrometry at an increased lateral resolution. These findings indicated that O4 recognized sulfatides with short-chain fatty acids in pro-oligodendroblasts. Moreover, the fatty acid chain of the sulfatide became longer as the oligodendrocyte matured. Therefore, individual sulfatide species may have unique roles in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Hirahara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuji Mori
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.,School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Taro Koike
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yao
- Department of Optical Imaging, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- The Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Science Research Center, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Gotoh
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Ozgen H, Baron W, Hoekstra D, Kahya N. Oligodendroglial membrane dynamics in relation to myelin biogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3291-310. [PMID: 27141942 PMCID: PMC4967101 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes synthesize a specialized membrane, the myelin membrane, which enwraps the axons in a multilamellar fashion to provide fast action potential conduction and to ensure axonal integrity. When compared to other membranes, the composition of myelin membranes is unique with its relatively high lipid to protein ratio. Their biogenesis is quite complex and requires a tight regulation of sequential events, which are deregulated in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. To devise strategies for remedying such defects, it is crucial to understand molecular mechanisms that underlie myelin assembly and dynamics, including the ability of specific lipids to organize proteins and/or mediate protein-protein interactions in healthy versus diseased myelin membranes. The tight regulation of myelin membrane formation has been widely investigated with classical biochemical and cell biological techniques, both in vitro and in vivo. However, our knowledge about myelin membrane dynamics, such as membrane fluidity in conjunction with the movement/diffusion of proteins and lipids in the membrane and the specificity and role of distinct lipid-protein and protein-protein interactions, is limited. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings about the myelin structure in terms of myelin lipids, proteins and membrane microdomains. To give insight into myelin membrane dynamics, we will particularly highlight the application of model membranes and advanced biophysical techniques, i.e., approaches which clearly provide an added value to insight obtained by classical biochemical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Ozgen
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dick Hoekstra
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Kahya
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Carquin M, D'Auria L, Pollet H, Bongarzone ER, Tyteca D. Recent progress on lipid lateral heterogeneity in plasma membranes: From rafts to submicrometric domains. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 62:1-24. [PMID: 26738447 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The concept of transient nanometric domains known as lipid rafts has brought interest to reassess the validity of the Singer-Nicolson model of a fluid bilayer for cell membranes. However, this new view is still insufficient to explain the cellular control of surface lipid diversity or membrane deformability. During the past decades, the hypothesis that some lipids form large (submicrometric/mesoscale vs nanometric rafts) and stable (>min vs s) membrane domains has emerged, largely based on indirect methods. Morphological evidence for stable submicrometric lipid domains, well-accepted for artificial and highly specialized biological membranes, was further reported for a variety of living cells from prokaryot es to yeast and mammalian cells. However, results remained questioned based on limitations of available fluorescent tools, use of poor lipid fixatives, and imaging artifacts due to non-resolved membrane projections. In this review, we will discuss recent evidence generated using powerful and innovative approaches such as lipid-specific toxin fragments that support the existence of submicrometric domains. We will integrate documented mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of these domains, and provide a perspective on their relevance on membrane deformability and regulation of membrane protein distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Carquin
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic D'Auria
- The Myelin Regeneration Group at the Dept. Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 808 S. Wood St. MC512, Chicago, IL. 60612. USA
| | - Hélène Pollet
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- The Myelin Regeneration Group at the Dept. Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 808 S. Wood St. MC512, Chicago, IL. 60612. USA
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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25
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Aureli M, Grassi S, Prioni S, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. Lipid membrane domains in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1006-16. [PMID: 25677824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The brain is characterized by the presence of cell types with very different functional specialization, but with the common trait of a very high complexity of structures originated by their plasma membranes. Brain cells bear evident membrane polarization with the creation of different morphological and functional subcompartments, whose formation, stabilization and function require a very high level of lateral order within the membrane. In other words, the membrane specialization of brain cells implies the presence of distinct membrane domains. The brain is the organ with the highest enrichment in lipids like cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and the most recently discovered brain membrane lipid, phosphatidylglucoside, whose collective behavior strongly favors segregation within the membrane leading to the formation of lipid-driven membrane domains. Lipid-driven membrane domains function as dynamic platforms for signal transduction, protein processing, and membrane turnover. Essential events involved in the development and in the maintenance of the functional integrity of the brain depend on the organization of lipid-driven membrane domains, and alterations in lipid homeostasis, leading to deranged lipid-driven membrane organization, are common in several major brain diseases. In this review, we summarize the forces behind the formation of lipid membrane domains and their biological roles in different brain cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Brain Lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
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26
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Jadhav S, Greenberg ML. Harnessing the power of yeast to elucidate the role of sphingolipids in metabolic and signaling processes pertinent to psychiatric disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:533-551. [PMID: 25750665 DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders is hampered by the lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying their pathologies. While aberrant sphingolipid metabolism is associated with psychiatric illness, the role of sphingolipids in these disorders is not understood. The genetically tractable yeast model can be exploited in order to elucidate the cellular consequences of sphingolipid perturbation. Hypotheses generated from studies in yeast and tested in mammalian cells may contribute to our understanding of the role of sphingolipids in psychiatric disorders and to the development of new treatments. Here, we compare sphingolipid metabolism in yeast and mammalian cells, discuss studies implicating sphingolipids in psychiatric disorders and propose approaches that utilize yeast in order to elucidate sphingolipid function and identify drugs that target sphingolipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamalagauri Jadhav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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27
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Lipidomics reveals dysfunctional glycosynapses in schizophrenia and the G72/G30 transgenic mouse. Schizophr Res 2014; 159:365-9. [PMID: 25263995 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal structural/functional connectivity has been proposed to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, the biochemical basis of abnormal connectivity remains undefined. METHODS We undertook a shotgun lipidomic analysis of over 700 lipids across 26 lipid subclasses in the frontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects and hippocampus of G72/G30 transgenic mice. RESULTS We demonstrate that glycosphingolipids and choline plasmalogens, structural lipid pools in myelin, are significantly elevated in the frontal cortex obtained from patients suffering from schizophrenia and the hippocampus of G72/G30 transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that structural lipid alterations in oligodendrocyte glycosynapses are responsible for dysconnectivity in schizophrenia and that increased expression of G72 protein may play a role in the development of abnormal glycosynapses.
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Rožman M, Fabris D, Mrla T, Vukelić Ž. Database and data analysis application for structural characterization of gangliosides and sulfated glycosphingolipids by negative ion mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Res 2014; 400:1-8. [PMID: 25299937 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides and sulfated glycosphingolipids, as building and functional components of animal cell membranes, participate in cell-to-cell interactions and signaling, but also in changes of cell architecture due to different pathophysiological events. In order to enable higher throughput and to facilitate structural characterization of gangliosides/sulfo-glycosphingolipids (GSL) and their neutral GSL counterparts by negative ion mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS techniques, a database and data analysis application have been developed. In silico developed glycosphingolipid database considers a high diversity of ceramide compositions, several sialic acid types (N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-glycolylneuraminic acid and 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid) as well as possible additional substitutions/modifications of glycosphingolipids, such as O-acetylation, de-N-acetylation, fucosylation, glucuronosylation, sulfation, attachment of repeating terminal hexose-N-acetylhexosamine- (Hex-HexNAc-)1-6 extension, and possible lactone forms. Data analysis application, named GSL-finder, enables correlation of negative ion MS and/or low-energy tandem MS spectra with the database structures. The GSL-database construction and the GSL-finder application searching rules are explained. Validation conducted on GD1a fraction as well as on complex mixtures of native gangliosides isolated from different mammalian brain tissues (human fetal and adult brain, and calf brain tissue) demonstrated agreement with previous studies. Plain, fast, and automated routine for structural characterization of gangliosides/sulfated glycosphingolipids and their neutral GSL counterparts described here could facilitate and improve mass spectrometric analysis of complex glycosphingolipid mixtures originating from variety of normal and pathological biomaterial, where it is known that distinctive changes in glycosphingolipid composition occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Rožman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dragana Fabris
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tomislav Mrla
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Željka Vukelić
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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29
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Ozgen H, Schrimpf W, Hendrix J, de Jonge JC, Lamb DC, Hoekstra D, Kahya N, Baron W. The lateral membrane organization and dynamics of myelin proteins PLP and MBP are dictated by distinct galactolipids and the extracellular matrix. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101834. [PMID: 25003183 PMCID: PMC4086962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, lipid-protein interactions are pivotal for myelin maintenance, as these interactions regulate protein transport to the myelin membrane as well as the molecular organization within the sheath. To improve our understanding of the fundamental properties of myelin, we focused here on the lateral membrane organization and dynamics of peripheral membrane protein 18.5-kDa myelin basic protein (MBP) and transmembrane protein proteolipid protein (PLP) as a function of the typical myelin lipids galactosylceramide (GalC), and sulfatide, and exogenous factors such as the extracellular matrix proteins laminin-2 and fibronectin, employing an oligodendrocyte cell line, selectively expressing the desired galactolipids. The dynamics of MBP were monitored by z-scan point fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS), while PLP dynamics in living cells were investigated by circular scanning FCS. The data revealed that on an inert substrate the diffusion rate of 18.5-kDa MBP increased in GalC-expressing cells, while the diffusion coefficient of PLP was decreased in sulfatide-containing cells. Similarly, when cells were grown on myelination-promoting laminin-2, the lateral diffusion coefficient of PLP was decreased in sulfatide-containing cells. In contrast, PLP's diffusion rate increased substantially when these cells were grown on myelination-inhibiting fibronectin. Additional biochemical analyses revealed that the observed differences in lateral diffusion coefficients of both proteins can be explained by differences in their biophysical, i.e., galactolipid environment, specifically with regard to their association with lipid rafts. Given the persistence of pathological fibronectin aggregates in multiple sclerosis lesions, this fundamental insight into the nature and dynamics of lipid-protein interactions will be instrumental in developing myelin regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Ozgen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Waldemar Schrimpf
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jenny C. de Jonge
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Don C. Lamb
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Dick Hoekstra
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Kahya
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (NK) (WB)
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (NK) (WB)
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30
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Bakhti M, Aggarwal S, Simons M. Myelin architecture: zippering membranes tightly together. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1265-77. [PMID: 24165921 PMCID: PMC11113231 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid nerve conduction requires the coating of axons by a tightly packed multilayered myelin membrane. In the central nervous system, myelin is formed from cellular processes that extend from oligodendrocytes and wrap in a spiral fashion around an axon, resulting in the close apposition of adjacent myelin membrane bilayers. In this review, we discuss the physical principles underlying the zippering of the plasma membrane of oligodendrocytes at the cytoplasmic and extracellular leaflet. We propose that the interaction of the myelin basic protein with the cytoplasmic leaflet of the myelin bilayer triggers its polymerization into a fibrous network that drives membrane zippering and protein extrusion. In contrast, the adhesion of the extracellular surfaces of myelin requires the down-regulation of repulsive components of the glycocalyx, in order to uncover weak and unspecific attractive forces that bring the extracellular surfaces into close contact. Unveiling the mechanisms of myelin membrane assembly at the cytoplasmic and extracelluar sites may help to understand how the myelin bilayers are disrupted and destabilized in the different demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bakhti
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
- Present Address: Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shweta Aggarwal
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Role of galactosylceramide and sulfatide in oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin: formation of a glycosynapse. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:263-91. [PMID: 25151383 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The two major glycosphingolipids of myelin, galactosylceramide (GalC) and sulfatide (SGC), interact with each other by trans carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions in vitro. They face each other in the apposed extracellular surfaces of the multilayered myelin sheath produced by oligodendrocytes and could also contact each other between apposed oligodendrocyte processes. Multivalent galactose and sulfated galactose, in the form of GalC/SGC-containing liposomes or silica nanoparticles conjugated to galactose and galactose-3-sulfate, interact with GalC and SGC in the membrane sheets of oligodendrocytes in culture. This interaction causes transmembrane signaling, loss of the cytoskeleton and clustering of membrane domains, similar to the effects of cross-linking by anti-GalC and anti-SGC antibodies. These effects suggest that GalC and SGC could participate in glycosynapses, similar to neural synapses or the immunological synapse, between GSL-enriched membrane domains in apposed oligodendrocyte membranes or extracellular surfaces of mature myelin. Formation of such glycosynapses in vivo would be important for myelination and/or oligodendrocyte/myelin function.
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32
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Sonnino S, Aureli M, Grassi S, Mauri L, Prioni S, Prinetti A. Lipid Rafts in Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 50:130-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Miki T, Kaneda M, Iida K, Hasegawa G, Murakami M, Yamamoto N, Asou H, Kasahara K. An anti-sulfatide antibody O4 immunoprecipitates sulfatide rafts including Fyn, Lyn and the G protein α subunit in rat primary immature oligodendrocytes. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:819-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-013-9487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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34
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Iacobas S, Neal-Perry G, Iacobas DA. Analyzing the Cytoskeletal Transcriptome: Sex Differences in Rat Hypothalamus. THE CYTOSKELETON 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-266-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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35
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Delgado A, Fabriàs G, Casas J, Abad JL. Natural products as platforms for the design of sphingolipid-related anticancer agents. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 117:237-81. [PMID: 23290782 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394274-6.00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of sphingolipid metabolism is a promising strategy for cancer therapy that has already opened innovative approaches for the development of pharmacological tools and rationally designed new drugs. On the other hand, natural products represent a classical and well-established source of chemical diversity that has guided medicinal chemists on the development of new chemical entities with potential therapeutic use. Based on these premises, the aim of this chapter is to provide the reader with a general overview of some of the most representative families of sphingolipid-related natural products that have been described in the recent literature as lead compounds for the design of new modulators of sphingolipid metabolism. Special emphasis is placed on the structural aspects of natural sphingoids and synthetic analogs that have found application as anticancer agents. In addition, their cellular targets and/or their mode of action are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Delgado
- Spanish National Research Council, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, Spain.
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36
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Kolter T. Ganglioside biochemistry. ISRN BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:506160. [PMID: 25969757 PMCID: PMC4393008 DOI: 10.5402/2012/506160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. They occur especially on the cellular surfaces of neuronal cells, where they form a complex pattern, but are also found in many other cell types. The paper provides a general overview on their structures, occurrence, and metabolism. Key functional, biochemical, and pathobiochemical aspects are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kolter
- Program Unit Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry, LiMES, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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37
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Kuronen M, Hermansson M, Manninen O, Zech I, Talvitie M, Laitinen T, Gröhn O, Somerharju P, Eckhardt M, Cooper JD, Lehesjoki AE, Lahtinen U, Kopra O. Galactolipid deficiency in the early pathogenesis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis model Cln8mnd: implications to delayed myelination and oligodendrocyte maturation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2012; 38:471-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Zhao J, Liu Y, Park HJ, Boggs JM, Basu A. Carbohydrate-Coated Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles as Probes for the Galactose/3-Sulfogalactose Carbohydrate–Carbohydrate Interaction Using Model Systems and Cellular Binding Studies. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1166-73. [DOI: 10.1021/bc2006169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsha Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United
States
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Molecular Structure
and Function
Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Hyun-Joo Park
- Molecular Structure
and Function
Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Joan M. Boggs
- Molecular Structure
and Function
Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L5
| | - Amit Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United
States
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39
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Compostella F, Panza L, Ronchetti F. The mammalian sulfated glycolipid sulfatide: Synthesis and biological implications. CR CHIM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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40
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Berry KAZ, Hankin JA, Barkley RM, Spraggins JM, Caprioli RM, Murphy RC. MALDI imaging of lipid biochemistry in tissues by mass spectrometry. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6491-512. [PMID: 21942646 PMCID: PMC3199966 DOI: 10.1021/cr200280p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin A. Zemski Berry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 E. 17 Ave., Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Joseph A. Hankin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 E. 17 Ave., Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Robert M. Barkley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 E. 17 Ave., Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jeffrey M. Spraggins
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 9160 MRB 3, 465 21 Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Richard M. Caprioli
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 9160 MRB 3, 465 21 Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Robert C. Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 E. 17 Ave., Aurora, CO 80045
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41
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Merrill AH. Sphingolipid and glycosphingolipid metabolic pathways in the era of sphingolipidomics. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6387-422. [PMID: 21942574 PMCID: PMC3191729 DOI: 10.1021/cr2002917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred H Merrill
- School of Biology, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA.
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