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Foltman M, Sanchez-Diaz A. Central Role of the Actomyosin Ring in Coordinating Cytokinesis Steps in Budding Yeast. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:662. [PMID: 39330421 PMCID: PMC11433125 DOI: 10.3390/jof10090662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells must accurately transfer their genetic material and cellular components to their daughter cells. Initially, cells duplicate their chromosomes and subsequently segregate them toward the poles. The actomyosin ring, a crucial molecular machinery normally located in the middle of the cells and underneath the plasma membrane, then physically divides the cytoplasm and all components into two daughter cells, each ready to start a new cell cycle. This process, known as cytokinesis, is conserved throughout evolution. Defects in cytokinesis can lead to the generation of genetically unstable tetraploid cells, potentially initiating uncontrolled proliferation and cancer. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which budding yeast cells build the actomyosin ring and the preceding steps involved in forming a scaffolding structure that supports the challenging structural changes throughout cytokinesis. Additionally, we describe how cells coordinate actomyosin ring contraction, plasma membrane ingression, and extracellular matrix deposition to successfully complete cytokinesis. Furthermore, the review discusses the regulatory roles of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (Cdk1) and the Mitotic Exit Network (MEN) in ensuring the precise timing and execution of cytokinesis. Understanding these processes in yeast provides insights into the fundamental aspects of cell division and its implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Foltman
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Cell Division Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), University of Cantabria-CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Diaz
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Cell Division Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), University of Cantabria-CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
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2
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Hayashida Y, Oosawa C, Yasunaga T, Morimoto YV. Cell-to-cell signaling in cell populations with large cell size variability. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00476-4. [PMID: 39137773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Sizes of multiple cells vary when they communicate with each other. Differences in cell size result in variations in the cell surface area and volume, as well as the number of enzymes and receptors involved in signal transduction. Although heterogeneity in cell size may inhibit uniformity in signaling, cell-to-cell signaling is still possible. The outcome when cell size changes to an extreme degree remains unclear. Hence, we inhibited cell division in Dictyostelium cells, a model organism for signal transduction, to gain insights into the consequences of extreme cell size variations. Measurements of cell signals in this population using fluorescence microscopy indicated that the giant cells can communicate with normal-sized cells by suppressing the signal level. Simulations of signal transduction based on the FitzHugh-Nagumo model also suggested similar results. Our findings suggest that signaling mechanism homogenizes cell-to-cell signaling in response to cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Hayashida
- Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikoo Oosawa
- Department of Physics and Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuo Yasunaga
- Department of Physics and Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke V Morimoto
- Department of Physics and Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama, Japan.
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3
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Park S, Dahn R, Kurt E, Presle A, VanDenHeuvel K, Moravec C, Jambhekar A, Olukoga O, Shepherd J, Echard A, Blower M, Skop AR. The mammalian midbody and midbody remnant are assembly sites for RNA and localized translation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1917-1932.e6. [PMID: 37552987 PMCID: PMC10592306 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Long ignored as a vestigial remnant of cytokinesis, the mammalian midbody (MB) is released post-abscission inside large extracellular vesicles called MB remnants (MBRs). Recent evidence suggests that MBRs can modulate cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. Here, we demonstrate that the MB matrix is the site of ribonucleoprotein assembly and is enriched in mRNAs that encode proteins involved in cell fate, oncogenesis, and pluripotency, which we are calling the MB granule. Both MBs and post-abscission MBRs are sites of spatiotemporally regulated translation, which is initiated when nascent daughter cells re-enter G1 and continues after extracellular release. MKLP1 and ARC are necessary for the localization and translation of RNA in the MB dark zone, whereas ESCRT-III is necessary to maintain translation levels in the MB. Our work reveals a unique translation event that occurs during abscission and within a large extracellular vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Randall Dahn
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elif Kurt
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adrien Presle
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kathryn VanDenHeuvel
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cara Moravec
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Olushola Olukoga
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jason Shepherd
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michael Blower
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahna R Skop
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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4
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Yang T, Chi Z, Liu G, Hong X, Cao S, Cheng K, Zhang Y. Screening ANLN and ASPM as bladder urothelial carcinoma-related biomarkers based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1107625. [PMID: 37051591 PMCID: PMC10083327 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1107625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most common malignancies in the urinary system with a poor prognosis and high treatment costs. Identifying potential prognostic biomarkers is significant for exploring new therapeutic and predictive targets of BLCA.Methods: In this study, we screened differentially expressed genes using the GSE37815 dataset. We then performed a weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the genes correlated with the histologic grade and T stage of BLCA using the GSE32548 dataset. Subsequently, Kaplan Meier survival analysis and Cox regression were used to further identify prognosis‐related hub genes using the datasets GSE13507 and TCGA‐BLCA. Moreover, we detected the expression of the hub genes in 35 paired samples, including BLCA and paracancerous tissue, from the Shantou Central Hospital by qRT‐polymerase chain reaction.Results: This study showed that Anillin (ANLN) and Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated gene (ASPM) were prognostic biomarkers for BLCA. High expression of ANLN and ASPM was associated with poor overall survival.The qRT‐PCR results revealed that ANLN and ASPM genes were upregulated in BLCA, and there was a correlation between the expression of ANLN and ASPM in cancer tissues and paracancerous tissue. Additionally, the increasing multiples in the ANLN gene was obvious in high-grade BLCA.Discussion: In summary, this preliminary exploration indicated a correlation between ANLN and ASPM expression. These two genes, serving as the risk factors for BLCA progression, might be promising targets to improve the occurrence and progression of BLCA.
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Aberasturi DT, Piegorsch WW, Bedrick EJ, Lussier YA. Accounting for extra-binomial variability with differentially expressed genetic pathway data: a collaborative bioinformatic study. Stat (Int Stat Inst) 2023; 12:e518. [PMID: 37885703 PMCID: PMC10601968 DOI: 10.1002/sta4.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe a collaborative project involving faculty and students in a university bioinformatics/biostatistics center. The project focuses on identification of differentially expressed gene sets ("pathways") in subjects expressing a disease state, medical intervention, or other distinguishable condition. The key feature of the endeavor is the data structure presented to the team: a single cohort of subjects with two samples taken from each subject - one for each of two differing conditions without replication. This particular structure leads to essentially a cohort of 2 × 2 contingency tables, where each table compares the differential gene state with the pathway condition. Recognizing that correlations both within and between pathway responses can disrupt standard 2 × 2 table analytics, we develop methods for analyzing this data structure in the presence of complicated intra-table correlations. These provide some convenient approaches for this problem, using design effect adjustments from sample survey theory and manipulations of the summary 2 × 2 table counts. Monte Carlo simulations show that the methods operate extremely well, validating their use in practice. In the end, the collaborative connections among the team members led to solutions no one of us would have envisioned separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon T Aberasturi
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Walter W Piegorsch
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Edward J Bedrick
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yves A Lussier
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Lodde V, Garcia Barros R, Terzaghi L, Franciosi F, Luciano AM. Insights on the Role of PGRMC1 in Mitotic and Meiotic Cell Division. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235755. [PMID: 36497237 PMCID: PMC9736406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, chromosome missegregation and cytokinesis defects have been recognized as hallmarks of cancer cells. Cytoskeletal elements composing the spindle and the contractile ring and their associated proteins play crucial roles in the faithful progression of mitotic cell division. The hypothesis that PGRMC1, most likely as a part of a yet-to-be-defined complex, is involved in the regulation of spindle function and, more broadly, the cytoskeletal machinery driving cell division is particularly appealing. Nevertheless, more than ten years after the preliminary observation that PGRMC1 changes its localization dynamically during meiotic and mitotic cell division, this field of research has remained a niche and needs to be fully explored. To encourage research in this fascinating field, in this review, we will recap the current knowledge on PGRMC1 function during mitotic and meiotic cell division, critically highlighting the strengths and limitations of the experimental approaches used so far. We will focus on known interacting partners as well as new putative associated proteins that have recently arisen in the literature and that might support current as well as new hypotheses of a role for PGRMC1 in specific spindle subcompartments, such as the centrosome, kinetochores, and the midzone/midbody.
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Chen Z, Fu S, Shan Y, Li H, Wang H, Liu J, Wang W, Huang Y, Huang H, Wang J, Ding M. Hsa_circ_0102485 inhibits the growth of cancer cells by regulating the miR-188-3p/ARID5B/AR axis in prostate carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cancer recurrence and lethality are enabled by enhanced survival and reversible cell cycle arrest of polyaneuploid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020838118. [PMID: 33504594 PMCID: PMC7896294 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020838118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a unifying theory to explain cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and lethality. The basis of this theory is the formation of simultaneously polyploid and aneuploid cancer cells, polyaneuploid cancer cells (PACCs), that avoid the toxic effects of systemic therapy by entering a state of cell cycle arrest. The theory is independent of which of the classically associated oncogenic mutations have already occurred. PACCs have been generally disregarded as senescent or dying cells. Our theory states that therapeutic resistance is driven by PACC formation that is enabled by accessing a polyploid program that allows an aneuploid cancer cell to double its genomic content, followed by entry into a nondividing cell state to protect DNA integrity and ensure cell survival. Upon removal of stress, e.g., chemotherapy, PACCs undergo depolyploidization and generate resistant progeny that make up the bulk of cancer cells within a tumor.
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Camargo MC, Song M, Ito H, Oze I, Koyanagi YN, Kasugai Y, Rabkin CS, Matsuo K. Associations of circulating mediators of inflammation, cell regulation and immune response with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2885-2892. [PMID: 34128078 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common histologic subtype of esophageal cancer globally. The development of squamous cell carcinoma has important inflammatory influences and effects. We, therefore, examined circulating levels of inflammation- and immune-related proteins for associations with ESCC. METHODS We used pre-treatment EDTA plasma from 80 ESCC patients (44% clinical stages I and II) and 80 cancer-free control individuals within the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center. Levels of 184 biomarkers were measured by high-throughput multiplexed proximity extension assays using Olink's Proseek Cell Regulation and Immuno-Oncology Panels. ESCC odds ratios (OR) per quantile (based on two to four categories) of each biomarker were calculated by unconditional logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Correlations among continuous biomarker levels were assessed by Spearman's rank correlation. All statistical tests were two-sided with p values < 0.05 considered as significant. Given the exploratory nature of the study, we did not adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Seven proteins were undetectable in nearly all samples. Of the remaining 177 evaluable biomarkers, levels of cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40, per quartile OR 1.64; p trend = 0.018), syntaxin 16 (STX16, per quartile OR 1.63; p trend = 0.008), heme oxygenase 1 (per quartile OR 1.59; p trend = 0.014), and γ-secretase activating protein (GSAP, per quartile OR 1.47; p trend = 0.036) were significantly associated with ESCC. Amongst these significant markers, levels of CD40, STX16, and GSPA were moderately correlated (Rho coefficients 0.46-0.55; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our case-control study expands the range of inflammation and immune molecules associated with ESCC. These novel findings warrant replication and functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr., BG 9609/6E338, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Minkyo Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr., BG 9609/6E338, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuriko N Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kasugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr., BG 9609/6E338, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Was H, Borkowska A, Olszewska A, Klemba A, Marciniak M, Synowiec A, Kieda C. Polyploidy formation in cancer cells: How a Trojan horse is born. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:24-36. [PMID: 33727077 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ploidy increase has been shown to occur in different type of tumors and participate in tumor initiation and resistance to the treatment. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are cells with multiple nuclei or a single giant nucleus containing multiple complete sets of chromosomes. The mechanism leading to formation of PGCCs may depend on: endoreplication, mitotic slippage, cytokinesis failure, cell fusion or cell cannibalism. Polyploidy formation might be triggered in response to various genotoxic stresses including: chemotherapeutics, radiation, hypoxia, oxidative stress or environmental factors like: air pollution, UV light or hyperthermia. A fundamental feature of polyploid cancer cells is the generation of progeny during the reversal of the polyploid state (depolyploidization) that may show high aggressiveness resulting in the formation of resistant disease and tumor recurrence. Therefore, we propose that modern anti-cancer therapies should be designed taking under consideration polyploidization/ depolyploidization processes, which confer the polyploidization a hidden potential similar to a Trojan horse delayed aggressiveness. Various mechanisms and stress factors leading to polyploidy formation in cancer cells are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Was
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Borkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Olszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Klemba
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Marciniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Synowiec
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
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Obesity, oxidative DNA damage and vitamin D as predictors of genomic instability in children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2095-2107. [PMID: 34158611 PMCID: PMC8380542 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Epidemiological evidence indicates obesity in childhood and adolescence to be an independent risk factor for cancer and premature mortality in adulthood. Pathological implications from excess adiposity may begin early in life. Obesity is concurrent with a state of chronic inflammation, a well-known aetiological factor for DNA damage. In addition, obesity has been associated with micro-nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin D has attracted attention for its anti-inflammatory properties and role in genomic integrity and stability. The aim of this study was to determine a novel approach for predicting genomic instability via the combined assessment of adiposity, DNA damage, systemic inflammation, and vitamin D status. SUBJECTS/METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study with 132 participants, aged 10-18, recruited from schools and paediatric obesity clinics in London. Anthropometric assessments included BMI Z-score, waist and hip circumference, and body fat percentage via bioelectrical impedance. Inflammation and vitamin D levels in saliva were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oxidative DNA damage was determined via quantification of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in urine. Exfoliated cells from the oral cavity were scored for genomic instability via the buccal cytome assay. RESULTS As expected, comparisons between participants with obesity and normal range BMI showed significant differences in anthropometric measures (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed in some measures of genomic instability (p < 0.001). When examining relationships between variables for all participants, markers of adiposity positively correlated with acquired oxidative DNA damage (p < 0.01) and genomic instability (p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with vitamin D (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analyses identified obesity (p < 0.001), vitamin D (p < 0.001), and oxidative DNA damage (p < 0.05) as the three significant predictors of genomic instability. CONCLUSIONS Obesity, oxidative DNA damage, and vitamin D deficiency are significant predictors of genomic instability. Non-invasive biomonitoring and predictive modelling of genomic instability in young patients with obesity may contribute to the prioritisation and severity of clinical intervention measures.
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Naydenov NG, Koblinski JE, Ivanov AI. Anillin is an emerging regulator of tumorigenesis, acting as a cortical cytoskeletal scaffold and a nuclear modulator of cancer cell differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:621-633. [PMID: 32880660 PMCID: PMC11072349 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling of the intracellular cytoskeleton plays a key role in accelerating tumor growth and metastasis. Targeting different cytoskeletal elements is important for existing and future anticancer therapies. Anillin is a unique scaffolding protein that interacts with major cytoskeletal structures, e.g., actin filaments, microtubules and septin polymers. A well-studied function of this scaffolding protein is the regulation of cytokinesis at the completion of cell division. Emerging evidence suggest that anillin has other important activities in non-dividing cells, including control of intercellular adhesions and cell motility. Anillin is markedly overexpressed in different solid cancers and its high expression is commonly associated with poor prognosis of patient survival. This review article summarizes rapidly accumulating evidence that implicates anillin in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis. We focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms of anillin-dependent tumorigenesis that include both canonical control of cytokinesis and novel poorly understood functions as a nuclear regulator of the transcriptional reprogramming and phenotypic plasticity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayden G Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC22, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer E Koblinski
- Department of Pathology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC22, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Cancer cells employ an evolutionarily conserved polyploidization program to resist therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 81:145-159. [PMID: 33276091 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Unusually large cancer cells with abnormal nuclei have been documented in the cancer literature since 1858. For more than 100 years, they have been generally disregarded as irreversibly senescent or dying cells, too morphologically misshapen and chromatin too disorganized to be functional. Cell enlargement, accompanied by whole genome doubling or more, is observed across organisms, often associated with mitigation strategies against environmental change, severe stress, or the lack of nutrients. Our comparison of the mechanisms for polyploidization in other organisms and non-transformed tissues suggest that cancer cells draw from a conserved program for their survival, utilizing whole genome doubling and pausing proliferation to survive stress. These polyaneuploid cancer cells (PACCs) are the source of therapeutic resistance, responsible for cancer recurrence and, ultimately, cancer lethality.
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Gao W, Cheng L, He S, Li W, Zhou C, Zhou B, Liu J, Xu J, Yu X, Zhu H. Multiomics integrative analysis for gene signatures and prognostic values of m 6A regulators in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study in The Cancer Genome Atlas project. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20587-20610. [PMID: 33082301 PMCID: PMC7655159 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine(m6A) is the most abundant post-transcriptional RNA modification in eukaryotes. However, little is known about its role in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). The aim of our study was to identify gene signatures and prognostic values of m6A regulators in PAAD. Patients from 3 different datasets with complete genomic and transcriptomic sequencing data were enrolled. Survival analysis for different gene alterations was performed using log-rank tests and Cox regression model. The association between alteration of m6A regulators and clinicopathological characteristics was examined using chi-square test. Results showed a high frequency of copy number alterations (CNAs) of m6A regulatory genes in PAAD patients, but somatic mutations were rarely happened. CNAs and mutations of m6A regulatory genes was associated with patient's gender, pathologic stage and resected tumor size. Patients with "gain of function" for m6A "reader" genes combined with copy number loss of "writers" or "erasers" had worse overall survival (OS) compared with other patterns. Moreover, copy number gain of m6A "reader" gene insulin growth factor 2 binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) was an independent risk factor for OS (HR = 2.392, 95%CI: 1.392-4.112, p<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.400, 95%CI: 1.236-4.659, p=0.010). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated that IGF2BP2 was correlated with multiple biological processes associated with cancer, of which the most significant processes were relevant to cancer cell cycle, cell immortalization and tumor immunity. To sum up, a significant relationship was found between m6A genomic alterations and worse clinical outcomes. These innovative findings are expected to guide further research on the mechanism of m6A in PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Gao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liuyang Cheng
- Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuhan He
- Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chengyu Zhou
- Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bixia Zhou
- Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiamiao Liu
- Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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15
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Gómez-Gil E, Martín-García R, Vicente-Soler J, Franco A, Vázquez-Marín B, Prieto-Ruiz F, Soto T, Pérez P, Madrid M, Cansado J. Stress-activated MAPK signaling controls fission yeast actomyosin ring integrity by modulating formin For3 levels. eLife 2020; 9:57951. [PMID: 32915139 PMCID: PMC7511234 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis, which enables the physical separation of daughter cells once mitosis has been completed, is executed in fungal and animal cells by a contractile actin- and myosin-based ring (CAR). In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the formin For3 nucleates actin cables and also co-operates for CAR assembly during cytokinesis. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate essential adaptive responses in eukaryotic organisms to environmental changes. We show that the stress-activated protein kinase pathway (SAPK) and its effector, MAPK Sty1, downregulates CAR assembly in S. pombe when its integrity becomes compromised during cytoskeletal damage and stress by reducing For3 levels. Accurate control of For3 levels by the SAPK pathway may thus represent a novel regulatory mechanism of cytokinesis outcome in response to environmental cues. Conversely, SAPK signaling favors CAR assembly and integrity in its close relative Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, revealing a remarkable evolutionary divergence of this response within the fission yeast clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gómez-Gil
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Martín-García
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jero Vicente-Soler
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Franco
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vázquez-Marín
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Prieto-Ruiz
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa Soto
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marisa Madrid
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Cansado
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Hercyk B, Das M. Rho Family GTPases in Fission Yeast Cytokinesis. Commun Integr Biol 2019; 12:171-180. [PMID: 31666919 PMCID: PMC6802929 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2019.1678453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During cytokinesis, actomyosin ring constriction drives furrow formation. In animal cells, Rho GTPases drive this process through the positioning and assembly of the actomyosin ring, and through extracellular matrix remodeling within the furrow. In the fission yeast S. pombe, actomyosin ring constriction and septum formation are concurrent processes. While S. pombe is the primary source from which the mechanics of ring assembly and constriction stem, much less is known about the regulation of Rho GTPases that control these processes. Of the six Rho GTPases encoded in S. pombe, only Rho1, the RhoA homologue, has been shown to be essential for cytokinesis. While Rho3, Rho4, and Cdc42 have defined roles in cytokinesis, Rho2 and Rho5 play minor to no roles in this process. Here we review the roles of the Rho GTPases during cytokinesis, with a focus on their regulation, and discuss whether crosstalk between GTPases, as has been reported in other organisms, exists during cytokinesis in S. pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hercyk
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Maitreyi Das
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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17
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Amend SR, Torga G, Lin KC, Kostecka LG, de Marzo A, Austin RH, Pienta KJ. Polyploid giant cancer cells: Unrecognized actuators of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance. Prostate 2019; 79:1489-1497. [PMID: 31376205 PMCID: PMC6706309 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer led to the deaths of more than 9 million people worldwide in 2018, and most of these deaths were due to metastatic tumor burden. While in most cases, we still do not know why cancer is lethal, we know that a total tumor burden of 1 kg-equivalent to one trillion cells-is not compatible with life. While localized disease is curable through surgical removal or radiation, once cancer has spread, it is largely incurable. The inability to cure metastatic cancer lies, at least in part, to the fact that cancer is resistant to all known compounds and anticancer drugs. The source of this resistance remains undefined. In fact, the vast majority of metastatic cancers are resistant to all currently available anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and systemic radiation. Thus, despite decades-even centuries-of research, metastatic cancer remains lethal and incurable. We present historical and contemporary evidence that the key actuators of this process-of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance-are polyploid giant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Amend
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Gonzalo Torga
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Laurie G. Kostecka
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Angelo de Marzo
- Depatment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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18
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Chatterjee M, Pollard TD. The Functionally Important N-Terminal Half of Fission Yeast Mid1p Anillin Is Intrinsically Disordered and Undergoes Phase Separation. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3031-3041. [PMID: 31243991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Division of fungal and animal cells depends on scaffold proteins called anillins. Cytokinesis by the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is compromised by the loss of anillin Mid1p (Mid1, UniProtKB P78953 ), because cytokinesis organizing centers, called nodes, are misplaced and fail to acquire myosin-II, so they assemble slowly into abnormal contractile rings. The C-terminal half of Mid1p consists of lipid binding C2 and PH domains, but the N-terminal half (Mid1p-N452) performs most of the functions of the full-length protein. Little is known about the structure of the N-terminal half of Mid1p, so we investigated its physical properties using structure prediction tools, spectroscopic techniques, and hydrodynamic measurements. The data indicate that Mid1p-N452 is intrinsically disordered but moderately compact. Recombinant Mid1p-N452 purified from insect cells was phosphorylated, which weakens its tendency to aggregate. Purified Mid1p-N452 demixes into liquid droplets at concentrations far below its concentration in nodes. These physical properties are appropriate for scaffolding other proteins in nodes.
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19
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Zanchetta ME, Meroni G. Emerging Roles of the TRIM E3 Ubiquitin Ligases MID1 and MID2 in Cytokinesis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:274. [PMID: 30941058 PMCID: PMC6433704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that consists of ubiquitin attachment to target proteins through sequential steps catalysed by activating (E1), conjugating (E2), and ligase (E3) enzymes. Protein ubiquitination is crucial for the regulation of many cellular processes not only by promoting proteasomal degradation of substrates but also re-localisation of cellular factors and modulation of protein activity. Great importance in orchestrating ubiquitination relies on E3 ligases as these proteins recognise the substrate that needs to be modified at the right time and place. Here we focus on two members of the TRIpartite Motif (TRIM) family of RING E3 ligases, MID1, and MID2. We discuss the recent findings on these developmental disease-related proteins analysing the link between their activity on essential factors and the regulation of cytokinesis highlighting the possible consequence of alteration of this process in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Germana Meroni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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20
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Lin KC, Torga G, Sun Y, Axelrod R, Pienta KJ, Sturm JC, Austin RH. The role of heterogeneous environment and docetaxel gradient in the emergence of polyploid, mesenchymal and resistant prostate cancer cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:97-108. [PMID: 30810874 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a population of PC3 prostate epithelial cancer cells to become resistant to docetaxel therapy and progress to a mesenchymal state remains a fundamental problem. The progression towards resistance is difficult to directly study in heterogeneous ecological environments such as tumors. In this work, we use a micro-fabricated "evolution accelerator" environment to create a complex heterogeneous yet controllable in-vitro environment with a spatially-varying drug concentration. With such a structure we observe the rapid emergence of a surprisingly large number of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) in regions of very high drug concentration, which does not occur in conventional cell culture of uniform concentration. This emergence of PGCCs in a high drug environment is due to migration of diploid epithelial cells from regions of low drug concentration, where they proliferate, to regions of high drug concentration, where they rapidly convert to PGCCs. Such a mechanism can only occur in spatially-varying rather than homogeneous environments. Further, PGCCs exhibit increased expression of the mesenchymal marker ZEB1 in the same high-drug regions where they are formed, suggesting the possible induction of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in these cells. This is consistent with prior work suggesting the PGCC cells are mediators of resistance in response to chemotherapeutic stress. Taken together, this work shows the key role of spatial heterogeneity and the migration of proliferative diploid cells to form PGCCs as a survival strategy for the cancer population, with implications for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yusha Sun
- Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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21
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Meng D, Yu Q, Feng L, Luo M, Shao S, Huang S, Wang G, Jing X, Tong Z, Zhao X, Liu R. Citron kinase (CIT-K) promotes aggressiveness and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: preliminary study of the underlying mechanism. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 21:910-923. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-02003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Molecular mechanisms of contractile-ring constriction and membrane trafficking in cytokinesis. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1649-1666. [PMID: 30448943 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of cytokinesis from plants to humans, with a focus on contribution of membrane trafficking to cytokinesis. Selection of the division site in fungi, metazoans, and plants is reviewed, as well as the assembly and constriction of a contractile ring in fungi and metazoans. We also provide an introduction to exocytosis and endocytosis, and discuss how they contribute to successful cytokinesis in eukaryotic cells. The conservation in the coordination of membrane deposition and cytoskeleton during cytokinesis in fungi, metazoans, and plants is highlighted.
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23
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Dekraker C, Boucher E, Mandato CA. Regulation and Assembly of Actomyosin Contractile Rings in Cytokinesis and Cell Repair. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:2051-2066. [PMID: 30312008 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis and single-cell wound repair both involve contractile assemblies of filamentous actin (F-actin) and myosin II organized into characteristic ring-like arrays. The assembly of these actomyosin contractile rings (CRs) is specified spatially and temporally by small Rho GTPases, which trigger local actin polymerization and myosin II contractility via a variety of downstream effectors. We now have a much clearer view of the Rho GTPase signaling cascade that leads to the formation of CRs, but some factors involved in CR positioning, assembly, and function remain poorly understood. Recent studies show that this regulation is multifactorial and goes beyond the long-established Ca2+ -dependent processes. There is substantial evidence that the Ca2+ -independent changes in cell shape, tension, and plasma membrane composition that characterize cytokinesis and single-cell wound repair also regulate CR formation. Elucidating the regulation and mechanistic properties of CRs is important to our understanding of basic cell biology and holds potential for therapeutic applications in human disease. In this review, we present a primer on the factors influencing and regulating CR positioning, assembly, and contraction as they occur in a variety of cytokinetic and single-cell wound repair models. Anat Rec, 301:2051-2066, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Dekraker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Boucher
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Craig A Mandato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Smith TC, Saul RG, Barton ER, Luna EJ. Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies that recognize human and murine supervillin protein isoforms. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205910. [PMID: 30332471 PMCID: PMC6192639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Supervillin isoforms have been implicated in cell proliferation, actin filament-based motile processes, vesicle trafficking, and signal transduction. However, an understanding of the roles of these proteins in cancer metastasis and physiological processes has been limited by the difficulty of obtaining specific antibodies against these highly conserved membrane-associated proteins. To facilitate research into the biological functions of supervillin, monoclonal antibodies were generated against the bacterially expressed human supervillin N-terminus. Two chimeric monoclonal antibodies with rabbit Fc domains (clones 1E2/CPTC-SVIL-1; 4A8/CPTC-SVIL-2) and two mouse monoclonal antibodies (clones 5A8/CPTC-SVIL-3; 5G3/CPTC-SVIL-4) were characterized with respect to their binding sites, affinities, and for efficacy in immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. Two antibodies (1E2, 5G3) recognize a sequence found only in primate supervillins, whereas the other two antibodies (4A8, 5A8) are specific for a more broadly conserved conformational epitope(s). All antibodies function in immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and in immunofluorescence microscopy under the fixation conditions identified here. We also show that the 5A8 antibody works on immunohistological sections. These antibodies should provide useful tools for the study of mammalian supervillins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C. Smith
- Department of Radiology, Division of Cell Biology & Imaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Richard G. Saul
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research ATRF, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth R. Barton
- Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Luna
- Department of Radiology, Division of Cell Biology & Imaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Zhang S, Zhu H. Cytokinesis and the Hippo Pathway: New Molecular Links Between Intimate Partners. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:976-978. [PMID: 30201365 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Zhang
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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26
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Methylation-induced silencing of SPG20 facilitates gastric cancer cell proliferation by activating the EGFR/MAPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:411-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Renault AL, Mebirouk N, Fuhrmann L, Bataillon G, Cavaciuti E, Le Gal D, Girard E, Popova T, La Rosa P, Beauvallet J, Eon-Marchais S, Dondon MG, d'Enghien CD, Laugé A, Chemlali W, Raynal V, Labbé M, Bièche I, Baulande S, Bay JO, Berthet P, Caron O, Buecher B, Faivre L, Fresnay M, Gauthier-Villars M, Gesta P, Janin N, Lejeune S, Maugard C, Moutton S, Venat-Bouvet L, Zattara H, Fricker JP, Gladieff L, Coupier I, Chenevix-Trench G, Hall J, Vincent-Salomon A, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Andrieu N, Lesueur F. Morphology and genomic hallmarks of breast tumours developed by ATM deleterious variant carriers. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:28. [PMID: 29665859 PMCID: PMC5905168 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-0951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene is a moderate-risk breast cancer susceptibility gene; germline loss-of-function variants are found in up to 3% of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) families who undergo genetic testing. So far, no clear histopathological and molecular features of breast tumours occurring in ATM deleterious variant carriers have been described, but identification of an ATM-associated tumour signature may help in patient management. Methods To characterise hallmarks of ATM-associated tumours, we performed systematic pathology review of tumours from 21 participants from ataxia-telangiectasia families and 18 participants from HBOC families, as well as copy number profiling on a subset of 23 tumours. Morphology of ATM-associated tumours was compared with that of 599 patients with no BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations from a hospital-based series, as well as with data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Absolute copy number and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiles were obtained from the OncoScan SNP array. In addition, we performed whole-genome sequencing on four tumours from ATM loss-of-function variant carriers with available frozen material. Results We found that ATM-associated tumours belong mostly to the luminal B subtype, are tetraploid and show LOH at the ATM locus at 11q22–23. Unlike tumours in which BRCA1 or BRCA2 is inactivated, tumours arising in ATM deleterious variant carriers are not associated with increased large-scale genomic instability as measured by the large-scale state transitions signature. Losses at 13q14.11-q14.3, 17p13.2-p12, 21p11.2-p11.1 and 22q11.23 were observed. Somatic alterations at these loci may therefore represent biomarkers for ATM testing and harbour driver mutations in potentially ‘druggable’ genes that would allow patients to be directed towards tailored therapeutic strategies. Conclusions Although ATM is involved in the DNA damage response, ATM-associated tumours are distinct from BRCA1-associated tumours in terms of morphological characteristics and genomic alterations, and they are also distinguishable from sporadic breast tumours, thus opening up the possibility to identify ATM variant carriers outside the ataxia-telangiectasia disorder and direct them towards effective cancer risk management and therapeutic strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-0951-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Renault
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Eve Cavaciuti
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Dorothée Le Gal
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Girard
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Popova
- Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France.,INSERM U830, Paris, France
| | - Philippe La Rosa
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Juana Beauvallet
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Eon-Marchais
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Dondon
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Walid Chemlali
- Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Raynal
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Martine Labbé
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Pascaline Berthet
- Unité de Pathologie Gynécologique, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Caron
- Service d'Oncologie Génétique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Institut GIMI, CHU de Dijon, Hôpital d'Enfants, Dijon, France.,Oncogénétique, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Marc Fresnay
- Département d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Médicale, CLCC Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | | | - Paul Gesta
- Service d'Oncogénétique Régional Poitou-Charentes, Centre Hospitalier Georges-Renon, Niort, France
| | - Nicolas Janin
- Service de Génétique, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lejeune
- Service de Génétique Clinique Guy Fontaine, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Christine Maugard
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, UF1422 Oncogénétique Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Oncogénétique Evaluation familiale et suivi, UF6948 Oncogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, CHU de Bordeaux-GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hélène Zattara
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Coupier
- Service de Génétique Médicale et Oncogénétique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Unité d'Oncogénétique, ICM Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janet Hall
- UMR INSERM 1052, Lyon, France.,CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- INSERM U830, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Andrieu
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France. .,Institut Curie, Paris, France. .,Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France. .,PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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28
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Nishimura K, Watanabe S, Kaku T, Sugishima S. Serum starvation induces abnormal spindle location, RhoA delocalization, and extension of intercellular bridge with the midbody. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1-6. [PMID: 29499630 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1443791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Serum starvation induces binucleation in HeLa cells, but the effects of serum starvation on mitosis and the significance of binucleation remain unknown. We investigated the effect of serum starvation on mitosis and analyzed the growth of binucleated cells. The frequency of binucleation caused by cytokinesis failure in DMEM without FBS (0% medium) was higher than that in DMEM with FBS (10% medium). In 0% medium, the metaphase spindle location was off-center, and RhoA localization significantly lacked symmetry. The frequency of the extension of intercellular bridge with the midbody in 0% medium was significantly higher than that in 10% medium. Moreover, all mononucleated mitotic cells caused bipolar mitosis and produced only mononucleated daughter cells, but binucleated cells produced various nucleated cells by multipolar mitosis in 0% medium. These results suggest that serum starvation may have various effects on mitosis, and binucleated cells may be related to formation of aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Nishimura
- a Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kyushu University , Fukuoka City , Japan
| | - Sumiko Watanabe
- b Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences , Kyushu University , Fukuoka City , Japan
| | - Tsunehisa Kaku
- b Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences , Kyushu University , Fukuoka City , Japan
| | - Setsuo Sugishima
- b Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences , Kyushu University , Fukuoka City , Japan
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A novel mode of cytokinesis without cell-substratum adhesion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17694. [PMID: 29255156 PMCID: PMC5735089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is a final step in cell division. Dictyostelium cells, a model organism for the study of cytokinesis, have multiple modes, denoted cytokinesis A, B, C, and D. All these modes have been mainly investigated using cells adhering to the substratum although they can grow in shaking suspension culture. Here, we observed how cells divide without adhering to the substratum using a new non-adhesive material. These detached cells formed the cleavage furrow but eventually failed in the final abscission. Thus, the cells cannot divide without adhesion, suggesting that they cannot divide only through the conventional cytokinesis A. However, in a long-term culture, the detached cells adhered each other to form multicellular aggregates and divided properly in these aggregates. Myosin II-null cells also formed such aggregates but could not divide in the aggregates. Several lines of experiments using mutant cells showed that the process of cytokinesis in multicellular aggregates is a novel mode utilizing a confined space in the aggregate in a myosin II-dependent manner. These results shed light on a poorly characterized mechanism of cytokinesis in multicellular spheroids or tissues. We propose to redefine and classify multiple modes of cytokinesis.
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30
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The interplay between histone deacetylases and rho kinases is important for cancer and neurodegeneration. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 37:29-45. [PMID: 28606734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rho associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCKs) respond to defined extra- and intracellular stimuli to control cell migration, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic modifiers that regulate nuclear and cytoplasmic signaling through the deacetylation of histones and non-histone proteins. ROCK and HDAC functions are important compounds of basic and applied research interests. Recent evidence suggests a physiologically important interplay between HDACs and ROCKs in various cells and organisms. Here we summarize the crosstalk between these enzymatic families and its implications for cancer and neurodegeneration.
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31
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Verma D, Murmu A, Gourinath S, Bhattacharya A, Chary KVR. Structure of Ca2+-binding protein-6 from Entamoeba histolytica and its involvement in trophozoite proliferation regulation. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006332. [PMID: 28505197 PMCID: PMC5444848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle of Entamoeba histolytica, the etiological agent of amoebiasis, follows a novel pathway, which includes nuclear division without the nuclear membrane disassembly. We report a nuclear localized Ca2+-binding protein from E. histolytica (abbreviated hereafter as EhCaBP6), which is associated with microtubules. We determined the 3D solution NMR structure of EhCaBP6, and identified one unusual, one canonical and two non-canonical cryptic EF-hand motifs. The cryptic EF-II and EF-IV pair with the Ca2+-binding EF-I and EF-III, respectively, to form a two-domain structure similar to Calmodulin and Centrin proteins. Downregulation of EhCaBP6 affects cell proliferation by causing delays in transition from G1 to S phase, and inhibition of DNA synthesis and cytokinesis. We also demonstrate that EhCaBP6 modulates microtubule dynamics by increasing the rate of tubulin polymerization. Our results, including structural inferences, suggest that EhCaBP6 is an unusual CaBP involved in regulating cell proliferation in E. histolytica similar to nuclear Calmodulin. E. histolytica, the etiological agent of amoebiasis, is a protozoan parasite responsible for around 100,000 deaths per year in developing nations. Though the organism has been identified more than 100 years back, there is not much understanding about the biology of this organism. Calcium signaling plays an important role in the biology of this organism. Here we show structure-functional relationship of one of the Ca2+-binding proteins (abbreviated as EhCaBP6) and suggest its involvement in cell division in this parasite. EhCaBP6, a nucleo-cytosolic Ca2+-binding protein, is a microtubule end binding protein and overexpression of its gene induces an increase in number of microtubular assemblies in E. histolytica. Cell division cycle in E. histolytica occurs along the microtubular structures without disruption of nuclear envelope. Occurrence of multinucleated cells in culture suggests duplication and reduplication of nuclear DNA without cytokinesis. Although Kinesin like protein (Klp1), Formin1 and EhCaBP6 were shown to be part of the microtubular assembly, their role in regulation of the cell cycle is not yet documented. Further, E. histolytica does not have a typical CaM like protein. However, the 3D structure of EhCaBP6 with two Ca2+-binding sites is similar to CaM, in spite of their low sequence similarity. Here, we demonstrate that EhCaBP6 regulates cell cycle specifically by facilitating DNA synthesis, transition from G1 to S phase and cytokinesis. The structural and functional similarity between EhCaBP6 and CaM suggests EhCaBP6 to be a functional homologue of nuclear CaM with important roles in regulation of cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Verma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aruna Murmu
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Alok Bhattacharya
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kandala V. R. Chary
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
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32
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Frémont S, Romet-Lemonne G, Houdusse A, Echard A. Emerging roles of MICAL family proteins - from actin oxidation to membrane trafficking during cytokinesis. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1509-1517. [PMID: 28373242 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinetic abscission is the terminal step of cell division, leading to the physical separation of the two daughter cells. The exact mechanism mediating the final scission of the intercellular bridge connecting the dividing cells is not fully understood, but requires the local constriction of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III-dependent helices, as well as remodelling of lipids and the cytoskeleton at the site of abscission. In particular, microtubules and actin filaments must be locally disassembled for successful abscission. However, the mechanism that actively removes actin during abscission is poorly understood. In this Commentary, we will focus on the latest findings regarding the emerging role of the MICAL family of oxidoreductases in F-actin disassembly and describe how Rab GTPases regulate their enzymatic activity. We will also discuss the recently reported role of MICAL1 in controlling F-actin clearance in the ESCRT-III-mediated step of cytokinetic abscission. In addition, we will highlight how two other members of the MICAL family (MICAL3 and MICAL-L1) contribute to cytokinesis by regulating membrane trafficking. Taken together, these findings establish the MICAL family as a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and membrane trafficking during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Frémont
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris CEDEX 15 75724, France .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, Paris 75015, France
| | - Guillaume Romet-Lemonne
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75013, France
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris CEDEX 15 75724, France .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, Paris 75015, France
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33
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Mittal K, Donthamsetty S, Kaur R, Yang C, Gupta MV, Reid MD, Choi DH, Rida PCG, Aneja R. Multinucleated polyploidy drives resistance to Docetaxel chemotherapy in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1186-1194. [PMID: 28334734 PMCID: PMC5418452 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docetaxel is the only FDA-approved first-line treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Docetaxel treatment inevitably leads to tumour recurrence after an initial therapeutic response with generation of multinucleated polyploid (MP) cells. Here we investigated role of MP cells in clinical relapse of CRPC. METHODS Prostate cancer (PC-3) cells were treated with docetaxel (5 nM) for 3 days followed by a washout and samples were collected at close intervals over 35 days post drug washout. The tumorigenic potential of the giant MP cells was studied by implanting MP cells subcutaneously as tumour xenografts in nude mice. RESULTS Docetaxel-induced polyploid cells undergo mitotic slippage and eventually spawn mononucleated cells via asymmetric cell division or neosis. Both MP and cells derived from polyploid cells had increased survival signals, were positive for CD44 and were resistant to docetaxel chemotherapy. Although MP cells were tumorigenic in nude mice, these cells took a significantly longer time to form tumours compared with parent PC-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS Generation of MP cells upon docetaxel therapy is an adaptive response of apoptosis-reluctant cells. These giant cells ultimately contribute to the generation of mononucleated aneuploid cells via neosis and may have a fundamental role precipitating clinical relapse and chemoresistance in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Mittal
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA-30303, USA
| | | | - Ramneet Kaur
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA-30303, USA
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA-30303, USA
| | | | - Michelle D Reid
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Da Hoon Choi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA-30303, USA
| | - Padmashree C G Rida
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA-30303, USA.,Novazoi Theranostics, Inc., Rolling Hills Estates, CA 90274, USA
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA-30303, USA
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34
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Rezvani N, Alibakhshi R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Bashiri H, Saidijam M. Detection of SPG20 gene promoter-methylated DNA, as a novel epigenetic biomarker, in plasma for colorectal cancer diagnosis using the MethyLight method. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3277-3284. [PMID: 28521434 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant promoter methylation of genes is a common epigenetic alteration in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, spastic paraplegia 20 (SPG20) promoter-methylated DNA, as a potential diagnostic biomarker, was investigated in plasma and tumor tissue samples from patients with CRC. To the best of our knowledge, the quantification of SPG20 promoter-methylated DNA in plasma samples remains unreported. SPG20 promoter methylation was investigated in 32 paired tumor and healthy adjacent tissues, 37 plasma samples from patients with CRC, and in 37 plasma samples from a healthy control group, using the MethyLight method. The percentage of methylated reference (PMR) values was determined for each sample, and the sensitivity and specificity of this unique biomarker were evaluated. PMR values were significantly higher in plasma samples from patients with CRC compared with in those from the control group (P<0.05). Plasma specimens from patients and healthy controls exhibited median PMR values of 7.7 (95% CI, 4.15-15.28) and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.14-1.12), respectively. Notably, the median PMR values were identified as 42.39 (95% CI, 27.69-72.26) and 3.61 (95% CI, 1.07-5.29) in tumor and adjacent healthy tissues, respectively. Using receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis, the area under curve (AUC) was demonstrated to be 0.984 for plasma samples, exhibiting a sensitivity of 81.1% and a specificity of 96.9%. Furthermore, the AUC was 0.996 for tissue samples, revealing a sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 99.96%. Results from the present study indicate that the identification of SPG20 promoter-methylated DNA in plasma is a potential diagnostic biomarker for the detection of CRC. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, indicating the importance of SPG20 methylation as a novel noninvasive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayebali Rezvani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Reza Alibakhshi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Assad Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran.,Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran.,Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Homayoon Bashiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran
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35
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Wei B, Hercyk BS, Habiyaremye J, Das M. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cytokinetic Events in Fission Yeast. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287547 DOI: 10.3791/55109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis, the final step in cell division is critical for maintaining genome integrity. Proper cytokinesis is important for cell differentiation and development. Cytokinesis involves a series of events that are well coordinated in time and space. Cytokinesis involves the formation of an actomyosin ring at the division site, followed by ring constriction, membrane furrow formation and extra cellular matrix remodeling. The fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) is a well-studied model system that has revealed with substantial clarity the initial events in cytokinesis. However, we do not understand clearly how different cytokinetic events are coordinated spatiotemporally. To determine this, one needs to analyze the different cytokinetic events in great details in both time and in space. Here we describe a microscopy approach to examine different cytokinetic events in live cells. With this approach it is possible to time different cytokinetic events and determine the time of recruitment of different proteins during cytokinesis. In addition, we describe protocols to compare protein localization, and distribution at the site of cell division. This is a basic protocol to study cytokinesis in fission yeast and can also be used for other yeasts and fungal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee
| | - Brian S Hercyk
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee
| | - Julius Habiyaremye
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee
| | - Maitreyi Das
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee;
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36
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Tormos AM, Rius-Pérez S, Jorques M, Rada P, Ramirez L, Valverde ÁM, Nebreda ÁR, Sastre J, Taléns-Visconti R. p38α regulates actin cytoskeleton and cytokinesis in hepatocytes during development and aging. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171738. [PMID: 28166285 PMCID: PMC5293263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte poliploidization is an age-dependent process, being cytokinesis failure the main mechanism of polyploid hepatocyte formation. Our aim was to study the role of p38α MAPK in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and cytokinesis in hepatocytes during development and aging. Methods Wild type and p38α liver-specific knock out mice at different ages (after weaning, adults and old) were used. Results We show that p38α MAPK deficiency induces actin disassembly upon aging and also cytokinesis failure leading to enhanced binucleation. Although the steady state levels of cyclin D1 in wild type and p38α knock out old livers remained unaffected, cyclin B1- a marker for G2/M transition- was significantly overexpressed in p38α knock out mice. Our findings suggest that hepatocytes do enter into S phase but they do not complete cell division upon p38α deficiency leading to cytokinesis failure and binucleation. Moreover, old liver-specific p38α MAPK knock out mice exhibited reduced F-actin polymerization and a dramatic loss of actin cytoskeleton. This was associated with abnormal hyperactivation of RhoA and Cdc42 GTPases. Long-term p38α deficiency drives to inactivation of HSP27, which seems to account for the impairment in actin cytoskeleton as Hsp27-silencing decreased the number and length of actin filaments in isolated hepatocytes. Conclusions p38α MAPK is essential for actin dynamics with age in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Tormos
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia. Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Rius-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia. Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Jorques
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia. Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Rada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Ramirez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel R. Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia. Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Taléns-Visconti
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia. Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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37
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Davies T, Sundaramoorthy S, Jordan S, Shirasu-Hiza M, Dumont J, Canman J. Using fast-acting temperature-sensitive mutants to study cell division in Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods Cell Biol 2017; 137:283-306. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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38
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Osako Y, Seki N, Kita Y, Yonemori K, Koshizuka K, Kurozumi A, Omoto I, Sasaki K, Uchikado Y, Kurahara H, Maemura K, Natsugoe S. Regulation of MMP13 by antitumor microRNA-375 markedly inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2255-2264. [PMID: 27779648 PMCID: PMC5117997 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. Recently developed molecular targeted therapies are not available for patients with ESCC. After curative surgical resection, patients frequently suffer distant metastasis and recurrence. Exploration of novel ESCC metastatic pathways may lead to the development of new treatment protocols for this disease. Accordingly, we have sequentially identified microRNA (miRNA)-mediated metastatic pathways in several cancers. Our past studies of miRNA expression signatures have shown that microRNA-375 (miR-375) is frequently reduced in several types of cancers, including ESCC. In the present study, we aimed to investigate novel miR-375-mediated metastatic pathways in ESCC cells. The expression of miR-375 was downregulated in ESCC tissues, and ectopic expression of this miRNA markedly inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion, suggesting that miR-375 acted as an antimetastatic miRNA in ESCC cells. Our strategies for miRNA target searching demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) was directly regulated by miR-375 in ESCC cells. Overexpression of MMP13 was observed in ESCC clinical tissues, and the expression of MMP13 promoted cancer cell aggressiveness. Moreover, oncogenic genes, including CENPF, KIF14 and TOP2A, were shown to be regulated downstream of MMP13. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that the antitumor miR-375/oncogenic MMP13 axis had a pivotal role in ESCC aggressiveness. These results provide novel insights into the potential mechanisms of ESCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Osako
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kita
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yonemori
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Keiichi Koshizuka
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akira Kurozumi
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Itaru Omoto
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Ken Sasaki
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yasuto Uchikado
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurahara
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kosei Maemura
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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Jungas T, Perchey RT, Fawal M, Callot C, Froment C, Burlet-Schiltz O, Besson A, Davy A. Eph-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of citron kinase controls abscission. J Cell Biol 2016; 214:555-69. [PMID: 27551053 PMCID: PMC5004443 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201602057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscission is the last step of cytokinesis, allowing the physical separation of daughter cells at the end of cell division. It has been considered a cell autonomous process, yet Jungas et al. report that Ephrin/Eph signaling controls the completion of abscission. Cytokinesis is the last step of cell division, culminating in the physical separation of daughter cells at the end of mitosis. Cytokinesis is a tightly regulated process that until recently was mostly viewed as a cell-autonomous event. Here, we investigated the role of Ephrin/Eph signaling, a well-known local cell-to-cell communication pathway, in cell division. We show that activation of Eph signaling in vitro leads to multinucleation and polyploidy, and we demonstrate that this is caused by alteration of the ultimate step of cytokinesis, abscission. Control of abscission requires Eph kinase activity, and Src and citron kinase (CitK) are downstream effectors in the Eph-induced signal transduction cascade. CitK is phosphorylated on tyrosines in neural progenitors in vivo, and Src kinase directly phosphorylates CitK. We have identified the specific tyrosine residues of CitK that are phosphorylated and show that tyrosine phosphorylation of CitK impairs cytokinesis. Finally, we show that, similar to CitK, Ephrin/Eph signaling controls neuronal ploidy in the developing neocortex. Our study indicates that CitK integrates intracellular and extracellular signals provided by the local environment to coordinate completion of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jungas
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud T Perchey
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamad Fawal
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Callot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Froment
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Besson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL 5294, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Davy
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
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Foltman M, Molist I, Arcones I, Sacristan C, Filali-Mouncef Y, Roncero C, Sanchez-Diaz A. Ingression Progression Complexes Control Extracellular Matrix Remodelling during Cytokinesis in Budding Yeast. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005864. [PMID: 26891268 PMCID: PMC4758748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells must coordinate contraction of the actomyosin ring at the division site together with ingression of the plasma membrane and remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to support cytokinesis, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In eukaryotes, glycosyltransferases that synthesise ECM polysaccharides are emerging as key factors during cytokinesis. The budding yeast chitin synthase Chs2 makes the primary septum, a special layer of the ECM, which is an essential process during cell division. Here we isolated a group of actomyosin ring components that form complexes together with Chs2 at the cleavage site at the end of the cell cycle, which we named ‘ingression progression complexes’ (IPCs). In addition to type II myosin, the IQGAP protein Iqg1 and Chs2, IPCs contain the F-BAR protein Hof1, and the cytokinesis regulators Inn1 and Cyk3. We describe the molecular mechanism by which chitin synthase is activated by direct association of the C2 domain of Inn1, and the transglutaminase-like domain of Cyk3, with the catalytic domain of Chs2. We used an experimental system to find a previously unanticipated role for the C-terminus of Inn1 in preventing the untimely activation of Chs2 at the cleavage site until Cyk3 releases the block on Chs2 activity during late mitosis. These findings support a model for the co-ordinated regulation of cell division in budding yeast, in which IPCs play a central role. Cytokinesis is the process by which a cell divides in two and occurs once cells have replicated and segregated their chromosomes. Eukaryotic cells assemble a molecular machine called the actomyosin ring that drives cytokinesis. Contraction of the actomyosin ring is coupled to ingression of the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix remodelling. In eukaryotes, glycosyltransferases that synthesise polysaccharides of the extracellular matrix are emerging as essential factors during cytokinesis. Defects associated with the function of those glycosyltransferases induce the failure of cell division, which promotes the formation of genetically unstable tetraploid cells. Budding yeast cells contain a glycosyltransferase called Chs2 that makes a special layer of extracellular matrix and is essential during cell division. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism by which the cytokinesis regulators Inn1 and Cyk3 finely regulate the activity of glycosyltransferase Chs2 at the end of mitosis. In addition we isolated a group of actomyosin ring components that form complexes together with Chs2 and Inn1 at the cleavage site, which we have named ‘ingression progression complexes’. These complexes coordinate the contraction of the actomyosin ring, ingression of the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix remodelling in a precise manner. Chs2 is indeed a key factor for coordinating these events. It appears that similar principles could apply to other eukaryotic species, such as fission yeast even if the identity of the relevant glycosyltransferase has changed over the evolution. Taking into account the conservation of the basic cytokinetic mechanisms future studies should try to determine whether a glycosyltransferase similar to Chs2 plays a key role during cytokinesis in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Foltman
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Iago Molist
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Irene Arcones
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Sacristan
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Yasmina Filali-Mouncef
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Cesar Roncero
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Diaz
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final process in the cell cycle that physically divides one cell into two. In budding yeast, cytokinesis is driven by a contractile actomyosin ring (AMR) and the simultaneous formation of a primary septum, which serves as template for cell wall deposition. AMR assembly, constriction, primary septum formation and cell wall deposition are successive processes and tightly coupled to cell cycle progression to ensure the correct distribution of genetic material and cell organelles among the two rising cells prior to cell division. The role of the AMR in cytokinesis and the molecular mechanisms that drive AMR constriction and septation are the focus of current research. This review summarizes the recent progresses in our understanding of how budding yeast cells orchestrate the multitude of molecular mechanisms that control AMR driven cytokinesis in a spatio-temporal manner to achieve an error free cell division.
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Kettle E, Page SL, Morgan GP, Malladi CS, Wong CL, Boadle RA, Marsh BJ, Robinson PJ, Chircop M. A Cholesterol-Dependent Endocytic Mechanism Generates Midbody Tubules During Cytokinesis. Traffic 2015; 16:1174-92. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kettle
- Children's Medical Research Institute; The University of Sydney; 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Scott L. Page
- Children's Medical Research Institute; The University of Sydney; 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Garry P. Morgan
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Queensland Bioscience Precinct; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Chandra S. Malladi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine; University of Western Sydney; Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Chin L. Wong
- Children's Medical Research Institute; The University of Sydney; 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Ross A. Boadle
- Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research; 176 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Brad J. Marsh
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Queensland Bioscience Precinct; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- Children's Medical Research Institute; The University of Sydney; 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Megan Chircop
- Children's Medical Research Institute; The University of Sydney; 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia
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Lee M, Venkitaraman AR. A cancer-associated mutation inactivates a region of the high-mobility group protein HMG20b essential for cytokinesis. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2554-63. [PMID: 25486196 PMCID: PMC4614378 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.942204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the completion of cell division by cytokinesis have long been proposed to foster carcinogenesis by engendering chromosome instability, but few tumor suppressor mechanisms controlling this process have so far been identified. Here, we identify a carboxyl (C)-terminal region of the high-mobility group protein HMG20b that is essential for cytokinesis, and report that it is inactivated by a cancer-associated mutation. We find that a C-terminal region of HMG20b spanning residues 173-317 is necessary and sufficient not only for its localization to cytokinetic structures, but also for its interaction with the tumor suppressor BRCA2, implicated in the abscission step of cytokinesis. Indeed, expression of this C-terminal HMG20b region suffices to restore cytokinesis in HMG20b-depleted cells. The non-conservative substitution of HMG20b residue Ala247 with Pro, reported in human lung cancer, disrupts these activities of HMG20b, impairing cytokinesis in a trans-dominant manner. Our findings provide fresh insight into the mechanism by which the HMG20b-BRCA2 complex controls mitotic cell division, and implicate heterozygous HMG20b mutations affecting cytokinesis regulation in the genesis of human cancers.
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Key Words
- A247P, alanine to proline substitution at position 247
- BRCA2
- BRCA2, breast cancer 2, early onset
- COSMIC, Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer
- Dox, doxycycline
- EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- HMG, high mobility group
- HMG20b
- KLCC, kinesin-like coiled coil
- Luc, luciferase
- Tet, Tetracycline
- UTR, untranslated regions
- V312G, valine to glycine substitution at position 312
- cytokinesis
- somatic mutations in cancer
- tumor suppression
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Affiliation(s)
- MiYoung Lee
- a University of Cambridge ; Medical Research Council Cancer Unit; Hutchison/MRC Research Center ; Cambridge , UK
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44
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Lazebnik Y. The shock of being united and symphiliosis. Another lesson from plants? Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2323-9. [PMID: 25483182 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Lazebnik
- a Yale Cardiovascular Research Center; New Haven, CT USA
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45
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Telentschak S, Soliwoda M, Nohroudi K, Addicks K, Klinz FJ. Cytokinesis failure and successful multipolar mitoses drive aneuploidy in glioblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2001-8. [PMID: 25625503 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent human brain tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis. Multipolar mitosis and spindles have occasionally been observed in cultured glioblastoma cells and in glioblastoma tissues, but their mode of origin and relevance have remained unclear. In the present study, we investigated a novel GB cell line (SGB4) exhibiting mitotic aberrations and established a functional link between cytokinesis failure, centrosome amplification, multipolar mitosis and aneuploidy in glioblastoma. Long-term live cell imaging showed that >3% of mitotic SGB4 cells underwent multipolar mitosis (tripolar>tetrapolar>pentapolar). A significant amount of daugther cells generated by multipolar mitosis were viable and completed several rounds of mitosis. Pedigree analysis of mitotic events revealed that in many cases a bipolar mitosis with failed cytokinesis occurred prior to a multipolar mitosis. Additionally, we observed that SGB4 cells were also able to undergo a bipolar mitosis after failed cytokinesis. Colchicine-induced mitotic arrest and metaphase spreads demonstrated that SGB4 cells had a modal chromosome number of 58 ranging from 23 to 170. Approximately 82% of SGB4 cells were hyperdiploid (47-57 chromosomes) or hypotriploid (58-68 chromosomes). In conclusion, SGB4 cells passed through multipolar cell divisions and generated viable progeny by reductive mitoses. Our results identified cytokinesis failure occurring before and after multipolar or bipolar mitoses as important mechanisms to generate chromosomal heterogeneity in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Telentschak
- Department I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark Soliwoda
- Department I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Nohroudi
- Department I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Addicks
- Department I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Klinz
- Department I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
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46
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Jiang Y, Wang Y, Wang T, Hawke DH, Zheng Y, Li X, Zhou Q, Majumder S, Bi E, Liu DX, Huang S, Lu Z. PKM2 phosphorylates MLC2 and regulates cytokinesis of tumour cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5566. [PMID: 25412762 PMCID: PMC4259466 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is expressed at high levels during embryonic development and tumour progression and is important for cell growth. However, it is not known whether it directly controls cell division. Here, we found that Aurora B phosphorylates PKM2, but not PKM1, at T45; this phosphorylation is required for PKM2's localization and interaction with myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) in the contractile ring region of mitotic cells during cytokinesis. PKM2 phosphorylates MLC2 at Y118, which primes the binding of ROCK2 to MLC2 and subsequent ROCK2-dependent MLC2 S15 phosphorylation. PKM2-regulated MLC2 phosphorylation, which is greatly enhanced by EGF stimulation or EGFRvIII, K-Ras G12V and B-Raf V600E mutant expression, plays a pivotal role in cytokinesis, cell proliferation and brain tumour development. These findings underscore the instrumental function of PKM2 in oncogenic EGFR-, K-Ras- and B-Raf-regulated cytokinesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Jiang
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yugang Wang
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David H. Hawke
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinjian Li
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Sadhan Majumder
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erfei Bi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David X. Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Suyun Huang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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47
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Huang Z, Ma L, Wang Y, Pan Z, Ren J, Liu Z, Xue Y. MiCroKiTS 4.0: a database of midbody, centrosome, kinetochore, telomere and spindle. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:D328-34. [PMID: 25392421 PMCID: PMC4383938 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported an updated database of MiCroKiTS 4.0 (http://microkit.biocuckoo.org) for proteins temporally and spatially localized in distinct subcellular positions including midbody, centrosome, kinetochore, telomere and mitotic spindle during cell division/mitosis. The database was updated from our previously developed database of MiCroKit 3.0, which contained 1489 proteins mostly forming super-complexes at midbody, centrosome and kinetochore from seven eukaryotes. Since the telomere and spindle apparatus are critical for cell division, the proteins localized at the two positions were also integrated. From the scientific literature, we curated 1872 experimentally identified proteins which at least locate in one of the five positions from eight species. Then the ortholog detection was performed to identify potential MiCroKiTS proteins from 144 eukaryotic organisms, which contains 66, 45 and 33 species of animals, fungi and plants, respectively. In total, 87 983 unique proteins with corresponding localization information were integrated into the database. The primary references of experimentally identified localizations were provided and the fluorescence microscope figures for the localizations of human proteins were shown. The orthologous relations between predicted and experimental localizations were also present. Taken together, we anticipate the database can serve as a useful resource for further analyzing the molecular mechanisms during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhicheng Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Zexian Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Mattissek C, Teis D. The role of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) in tumorigenesis. Mol Membr Biol 2014; 31:111-9. [PMID: 24641493 PMCID: PMC4059258 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2014.894210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) are needed for three distinct cellular functions in higher eukaryotes: (i) Multivesicular body formation for the degradation of transmembrane proteins in lysosomes, (ii) midbody abscission during cytokinesis and (iii) retroviral budding. Not surprisingly, loss of ESCRT function has severe consequences, which include the failure to down-regulate growth factor receptors leading to deregulated mitogenic signaling. While it is clear that the function of the ESCRT machinery is important for embryonic development, its role in cancer is more controversial. Various experimental approaches in different model organisms arrive at partially divergent conclusions regarding the contribution of ESCRTs to tumorigenesis. Therefore the aim of this review is to provide an overview on different model systems used to study the role of the ESCRT machinery in cancer development, to highlight common grounds and present certain controversies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mattissek
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University
InnsbruckAustria
| | - David Teis
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University
InnsbruckAustria
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49
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Wang J, Guo C, Liu S, Qi H, Yin Y, Liang R, Sun MZ, Greenaway FT. Annexin A11 in disease. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 431:164-8. [PMID: 24508622 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed in many cell types, annexin A11 (Anxa11) is a member of the multigene family of Ca(2+)-regulated phospholipid-dependent and membrane-binding annexin proteins. Studies have shown that Anxa11 plays an important role in cell division, Ca(2+) signaling, vesicle trafficking and apoptosis. The deregulation and mutation of Anxa11 are involved in systemic autoimmune diseases, sarcoidosis and the development, chemoresistance and recurrence of cancers. Malfunction of Anxa11 may lead to or enhance the metastasis, invasion and drug resistance of cancers through the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) pathway and/or the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p53 pathway. In a variety of diseases, Anxa11 is most commonly reported to function through interactions with apoptosis-linked gene-2 protein (ALG-2) and/or calcyclin (S100A6). Although it has been little studied, Anxa11 is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of certain diseases. In this review, the associations of Anxa11 with Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis, cytokinesis, sex differentiation, autoimmune diseases, thrombolysis and cancers are summarized and interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Houbao Qi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuling Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Frederick T Greenaway
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
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50
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Zhang H, Song Y, Xia P, Cheng Y, Guo Q, Diao D, Wang W, Wu X, Liu D, Dang C. Detection of aberrant hypermethylated spastic paraplegia-20 as a potential biomarker and prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:830. [PMID: 24381142 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate hypermethylation of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter as a potential biomarker and prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Four human gastric cancer cell lines, 41 primary gastric cancer tissue samples and corresponding peripheral blood samples, and blood samples of 21 healthy individuals were analyzed using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the expression of Spartin, the protein product encoded by spastic paraplegia-20, was analyzed in tissues from 119 gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy at Xi'an Jiaotong University between 2005 and 2010. Hypermethylation of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter was observed in 26 of 41 (63.4 %) primary tumors and 1 of 35 (2.9 %) adjacent normal gastric tissues (P < 0.001). Among matched peripheral blood samples from gastric cancer patients, 48.8 % exhibited hypermethylation of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter. In contrast, no methylation of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter was observed in blood samples from 21 healthy individuals (P < 0.001). Additionally, demethylation by 5-aza-dC treatment led to gene reactivation in gastric cancer cells exhibiting hypermethylation of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter. Finally, immunohistochemical staining indicated that low expression of Spartin was a prognostic factor predicting poor outcomes in gastric cancer patients (P = 0.037). These findings suggested that hypermethylation of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter occurred frequently in gastric cancer and could represent a novel prognostic factor. Furthermore, detection of this molecular feature in the peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients suggested that evaluation of the methylation state of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter may be used as a noninvasive screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
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