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Qu H, Liu X, Zhu J, He N, He Q, Zhang L, Wang Y, Gong X, Xiong X, Liu J, Wang C, Yang G, Yang Q, Luo G, Zhu Z, Zheng Y, Zheng H. Mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency exacerbates lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. iScience 2024; 27:109796. [PMID: 38832016 PMCID: PMC11145339 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes induce lipotoxic cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by myocardial lipid accumulation, dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we identify that mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) is a pivotal regulator of cardiac fatty acid metabolism and function in the setting of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of mGPDH promotes high-fat diet induced cardiac dysfunction, pathological hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and lipid accumulation. Mechanically, mGPDH deficiency inhibits the expression of desuccinylase SIRT5, and in turn, the hypersuccinylates majority of enzymes in the fatty acid oxidation (FAO) cycle and promotes the degradation of these enzymes. Moreover, manipulating SIRT5 abolishes the effects of mGPDH ablation or overexpression on cardiac function. Finally, restoration of mGPDH improves lipid accumulation and cardiomyopathy in both diet-induced and genetic obese mouse models. Thus, our study indicates that targeting mGPDH could be a promising strategy for lipotoxic cardiomyopathy in the context of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiufei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaran Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Niexia He
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingshan He
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuren Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Scumaci D, Zheng Q. Epigenetic meets metabolism: novel vulnerabilities to fight cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:249. [PMID: 37735413 PMCID: PMC10512595 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Histones undergo a plethora of post-translational modifications (PTMs) that regulate nucleosome and chromatin dynamics and thus dictate cell fate. Several evidences suggest that the accumulation of epigenetic alterations is one of the key driving forces triggering aberrant cellular proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance pathways. Recently a novel class of histone "non-enzymatic covalent modifications" (NECMs), correlating epigenome landscape and metabolic rewiring, have been described. These modifications are tightly related to cell metabolic fitness and are able to impair chromatin architecture. During metabolic reprogramming, the high metabolic flux induces the accumulation of metabolic intermediate and/or by-products able to react with histone tails altering epigenome homeostasis. The accumulation of histone NECMs is a damaging condition that cancer cells counteracts by overexpressing peculiar "eraser" enzymes capable of removing these modifications preserving histones architecture. In this review we explored the well-established NECMs, emphasizing the role of their corresponding eraser enzymes. Additionally, we provide a parterre of drugs aiming to target those eraser enzymes with the intent to propose novel routes of personalized medicine based on the identification of epi-biomarkers which might be selectively targeted for therapy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Scumaci
- Research Center On Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Qingfei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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3
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Li J, Cao Y, Niu K, Qiu J, Wang H, You Y, Li D, Luo Y, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Liu N. Quantitative acetylomics reveals dynamics of protein lysine acetylation in mouse livers during aging and upon the treatment of nicotinamide mononucleotide. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100276. [PMID: 35931320 PMCID: PMC9436820 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a reversible and dynamic post-translational modification that play vital roles in regulating multiple cellular processes including aging. However, acetylome-wide analysis in the aging process remains poorly studied in mammalian tissues. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a hub metabolite, benefits healthspan at least in part due to the activation of Sirtuins, a family of NAD+-consuming deacetylases, indicating changes in acetylome. Here, we combine two antibodies for the enrichment of acetylated peptides and perform label-free quantitative acetylomic analysis of mouse livers during natural aging and upon the treatment of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a NAD+ booster. Our study describes previously unknown acetylation sites and reveals the acetylome-wide dynamics with age as well as upon the treatment of NMN. We discover protein acetylation events as potential aging biomarkers. We demonstrate that the life-beneficial effect of NMN could be partially reflected by the changes in age-related protein acetylation. Our quantitative assessment indicates that NMN has mild effects on acetylation sites previously reported as substrates of Sirtuins. Collectively, our data analyzes protein acetylation with age, laying critical foundation for the functional study of protein post-translational modification essential for healthy aging and perhaps disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kongyan Niu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaqian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Han Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingnan You
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dean Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Abiochem Biotechnology, 1299 Zi Yue Rd., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhengjiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Nan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Deniz FSŞ, Eren G, Orhan IE. Flavonoids as Sirtuin Modulators. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:790-805. [PMID: 35466876 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220422094744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are described as NAD+-dependent deacetylases, also known as class III histone deacetylases. So far, seven sirtuin genes (SIRTS 1-7) have been identified and characterized in mammals and also known to occur in bacteria and eukaryotes. SIRTs are involved in various biological processes including endocrine system, apoptosis, aging and longevity, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, inflammation, etc. Among them, the best characterized one is SIRT1. Actually, small molecules seem to be the most effective SIRT modulators. Flavonoids have been reported to possess many positive effects favrable for human health, while a relatively less research has been reported so far on their funcions as SIRT modulation mechanisms. In this regard, we herein aimed to focus on modulatory effects of flavonoids on SIRTs as the most common secondary metabolites in natural products. Our literature survey covering the years of 2006-2021 pointed out that flavonoids frequently interact with SIRT1 and SIRT3 followed by SIRT6. It can be also concluded that some popular flavonoid derivatives, e.g. resveratrol, quercetin, and catechin derivatives came forward in terms of SIRT modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökçen Eren
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara
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5
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Afzaal A, Rehman K, Kamal S, Akash MSH. Versatile role of sirtuins in metabolic disorders: From modulation of mitochondrial function to therapeutic interventions. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23047. [PMID: 35297126 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are distinct histone deacetylases (HDACs) whose activity is determined by cellular metabolic status andnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) levels. HDACs of class III are the members of the SIRT's protein family. SIRTs are the enzymes that modulate mitochondrial activity and energy metabolism. SIRTs have been linked to a number of clinical and physiological operations, such as energy responses to low-calorie availability, aging, stress resistance, inflammation, and apoptosis. Mammalian SIRT2 orthologs have been identified as SIRT1-7 that are found in several subcellular sections, including the cytoplasm (SIRT1, 2), mitochondrial matrix (SIRT3, 4, 5), and the core (SIRT1, 2, 6, 7). For their deacetylase or ADP-ribosyl transferase action, all SIRTs require NAD+ and are linked to cellular energy levels. Evolutionarily, SIRT1 is related to yeast's SIRT2 as well as received primary attention in the circulatory system. An endogenous protein, SIRT1 is involved in the development of heart failure and plays a key role in cell death and survival. SIRT2 downregulation protects against ischemic-reperfusion damage. Increase in human longevity is caused by an increase in SIRT3 expression. Cardiomyocytes are also protected by SIRT3 from oxidative damage and aging, as well as suppressing cardiac hypertrophy. SIRT4 and SIRT5 perform their roles in the heart. SIRT6 has also been linked to a reduction in heart hypertrophy. SIRT7 is known to be involved in the regulation of stress responses and apoptosis in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Afzaal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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6
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Yihan L, Xiaojing W, Ao L, Chuanjie Z, Haofei W, Yan S, Hongchao H. SIRT5 functions as a tumor suppressor in renal cell carcinoma by reversing the Warburg effect. J Transl Med 2021; 19:521. [PMID: 34930316 PMCID: PMC8690424 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of SIRT5 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods SIRT5 expression data in The Cancer Genome Atlas Kidney Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-KIRC) were selected, and the correlations between SIRT5 expression and various clinicopathological parameters were analysed. SIRT5 expression in ccRCC tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry. Stable cell lines with SIRT5 knockdown were established. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the functional roles of SIRT5 in the cellular biology of ccRCC, including cell viability assays, wound healing assays, soft agar colony formation assays, Transwell invasion assays, qRT–PCR, and Western blotting. In addition, microarrays, rescue experiments and Western blotting were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying SIRT5 functions. Results SIRT5 expression was downregulated in ccRCC compared with normal tissues, which correlated with a poor prognosis of ccRCC. SIRT5 knockdown significantly increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. In vivo experiments revealed that SIRT5 knockdown promoted ccRCC tumorigenesis and metastasis. Mechanistically, SIRT5 deglycosylated PDHA1 at K351 and increased PDC activity, thereby altering the metabolic crosstalk with the TCA cycle and inhibiting the Warburg effect. SIRT5 overexpression was related to low succinylation of PDHA1. Conclusions Downregulated SIRT5 expression in ccRCC accelerated the Warburg effect through PDHA1 hypersuccinylation and induced tumorigenesis and progression, indicating that SIRT5 may become a potential target for ccRCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yihan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Wang Xiaojing
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liu Ao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhang Chuanjie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wang Haofei
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Shen Yan
- Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - He Hongchao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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7
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Xu J, Kitada M, Koya D. NAD + Homeostasis in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:703076. [PMID: 34368195 PMCID: PMC8333862 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.703076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The redox reaction and energy metabolism status in mitochondria is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic related disorder in kidney including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a cofactor for redox reactions and energy metabolism in mitochondria. NAD+ can be synthesized from four precursors through three pathways. The accumulation of NAD+ may ameliorate oxidative stress, inflammation and improve mitochondrial biosynthesis via supplementation of precursors and intermediates of NAD+ and activation of sirtuins activity. Conversely, the depletion of NAD+ via NAD+ consuming enzymes including Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), cADPR synthases may contribute to oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired mitochondrial biosynthesis, which leads to the pathogenesis of DKD. Therefore, homeostasis of NAD+ may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases including DKD. In this review, we focus on the regulation of the metabolic balance of NAD+ on the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, especially DKD, highlight benefits of the potential interventions targeting NAD+-boosting in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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8
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Zoraiz K, Attique M, Shahbaz S, Ahmed MW, Kayani MA, Mahjabeen I. Deregulation of mitochondrial sirtuins and OGG1-2a acts as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in leukemia. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3561-3577. [PMID: 34189942 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was planned to explore the expression variations of mitochondrial sirtuins and the mitochondrial DNA repair enzyme OGG1-2a in leukemia patients. Oxidative stress and deacetylation levels of leukemia patients were measured in the present study. Methods: A total of 200 leukemia patients along with 200 healthy controls were evaluated using quantitative PCR, 8OXOG assay and deacetylation assay. Results: Significant deregulation of SIRT3 (p < 0.0001), SIRT4 (p < 0.0001), SIRT5 (p < 0.0001), Ki-67 (p < 0.0001) and OGG1-2a (p < 0.0001) was detected in patients versus controls. Survival analysis showed that deregulation of said genes was associated with decreased survival of leukemia patients (SIRT3: p < 0.004; SIRT4: p < 0.0009; SIRT5: p < 0.0001; OGG1-2a: p < 0.03). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the diagnostic values of selected genes in leukemia patients. Levels of 8OXOG adducts were measured, and significantly increased 8OXOG adduct levels were observed in patients versus controls. Conclusion: These data suggest that deregulation of SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5 and OGG1-2a acts as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Zoraiz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Attique
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Malik Waqar Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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9
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Di Emidio G, Falone S, Artini PG, Amicarelli F, D’Alessandro AM, Tatone C. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Reproduction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071047. [PMID: 34209765 PMCID: PMC8300669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria act as hubs of numerous metabolic pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to altering the redox balance and predispose to aging and metabolic alterations. The sirtuin family is composed of seven members and three of them, SIRT3-5, are housed in mitochondria. They catalyze NAD+-dependent deacylation and the ADP-ribosylation of mitochondrial proteins, thereby modulating gene expression and activities of enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism and stress responses. In this context, mitochondrial sirtuins (mtSIRTs) act in synergistic or antagonistic manners to protect from aging and aging-related metabolic abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the role of mtSIRTs in the biological competence of reproductive cells, organs, and embryos. Most studies are focused on SIRT3 in female reproduction, providing evidence that SIRT3 improves the competence of oocytes in humans and animal models. Moreover, SIRT3 protects oocytes, early embryos, and ovaries against stress conditions. The relationship between derangement of SIRT3 signaling and the imbalance of ROS and antioxidant defenses in testes has also been demonstrated. Very little is known about SIRT4 and SIRT5 functions in the reproductive system. The final goal of this work is to understand whether sirtuin-based signaling may be taken into account as potential targets for therapeutic applications in female and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Di Emidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)-862-433-441
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Paolo Giovanni Artini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology “P. Fioretti”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Anna Maria D’Alessandro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Carla Tatone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
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10
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Ren M, Yang X, Bie J, Wang Z, Liu M, Li Y, Shao G, Luo J. Citrate synthase desuccinylation by SIRT5 promotes colon cancer cell proliferation and migration. Biol Chem 2021; 401:1031-1039. [PMID: 32284438 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Citrate synthase (CS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle catalyzes the first step of the cycle, namely, the condensation of oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA to produce citrate. The expression and enzymatic activity of CS are altered in cancers, but posttranslational modification (PTM) of CS and its regulation in tumorigenesis remain largely obscure. SIRT5 belongs to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin family and plays vital roles in multiple biological processes via modulating various substrates. Here, we show that SIRT5 interacts with CS and that SIRT5 desuccinylates CS at the evolutionarily conserved residues K393 and K395. Moreover, hypersuccinylation of CS at K393 and K395 dramatically reduces its enzymatic activity and suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation and migration. These results provide experimental evidence in support of a potential therapeutic approach for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Bie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Genze Shao
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
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11
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Kratz EM, Sołkiewicz K, Kaczmarek A, Piwowar A. Sirtuins: Enzymes with multidirectional catalytic activity. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.7866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT) are NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases that play an important role in the
functioning of the human body. They participate in numerous processes taking place in cells,
including in the post-translational modification of proteins, silencing gene transcription,
inducing repair processes, as well as in the regulation of metabolic processes. Sirtuins have
also been shown to play an important role in reducing the level of reactive oxygen species
as well as in stimulating cell growth, aging and death. Such a wide range of processes, which
are affected by sirtuins, have recently made sirtuins the object of many studies aimed at
a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of their action and the role they play.
The aim of our study was to collect and systematize information on sirtuins, mainly from
the last 10 years, both regarding the human body and based on the results of research on
animal models or cell lines. The article discusses the structure, function and biological role
of sirtuins in cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Maria Kratz
- Katedra Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
| | - Katarzyna Sołkiewicz
- Katedra Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarek
- Katedra Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Katedra i Zakład Toksykologii, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
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12
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Gao W, Xu Y, Chen T, Du Z, Liu X, Hu Z, Wei D, Gao C, Zhang W, Li Q. Targeting oxidative pentose phosphate pathway prevents recurrence in mutant Kras colorectal carcinomas. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000425. [PMID: 31461438 PMCID: PMC6736310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent tumors originate from cancer stem cells (CSCs) that survive conventional treatments. CSCs consist of heterogeneous subpopulations that display distinct sensitivity to anticancer drugs. Such a heterogeneity presents a significant challenge in preventing tumor recurrence. In the current study, we observed that quiescent CUB-domain–containing protein 1 (CDCP1)+ CSCs are enriched after chemotherapy in mutant Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (Kras) colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and serve as a reservoir for recurrence. Mechanistically, glucose catabolism in CDCP1+ CSCs is routed to the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP); multiple cycling of carbon backbones in the oxidative PPP potentially maximizes NADPH reduction to counteract chemotherapy-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, thereby allowing CDCP1+ CSCs to survive chemotherapeutic attack. This is dependent on silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 5 (Sirt5)-mediated inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) through demalonylation of Lys56. Blocking demalonylation of TPI at Lys56 increases chemosensitivity of CDCP1+ CSCSs and delays recurrence of mutant Kras CRCs in vivo. These findings pinpoint a new therapeutic approach for combating mutant Kras CRCs. This study shows that CDCP1-positive cancer stem cells represent a critical driving force behind tumor relapse in colorectal tumors that have mutant Kras and reveals a unique role for the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenChao Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - YuTing Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Endoscopy Center, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - ZunGuo Du
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - XiuJuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - ZhiQian Hu
- Department of General Surgery, ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, PLA Central Hospital 150, Luoyang, China
| | - ChunFang Gao
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, PLA Central Hospital 150, Luoyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - QingQuan Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Foolad F, Khodagholi F, Javan M. Sirtuins in Multiple Sclerosis: The crossroad of neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolism. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 34:47-58. [PMID: 31228716 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a challenging and disabling condition particularly in the secondary progressive (SP) phase of this disease. The available treatments cannot ameliorate or stop disease progression in this phase, and there is an urgent need to focus on effective therapies and the molecular pathways involved SPMS. Given the significant impact of neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolic alterations in MS, focusing on the molecules that target these different pathways could help in finding new treatments. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+ dependent epigenetic and metabolic regulators, which have critical roles in the physiology of central nervous system, immune system and metabolism. Based on these facts, SIRTs are crucial candidates of therapeutic targets in MS and collecting the information related to MS disease for each SIRT individually is noteworthy and highlights the lack of investigation in each part. In this review we summarized the role of different sirtuins as key regulator in neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolism pathways. We also clarify the rationale behind selecting SIRTs as therapeutic targets in MS disease by collecting the researches showing alteration of these proteins in human samples of MS patients and animal model of MS, and also the improvement of modeled animals after SIRT-directed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Foolad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Zhang N, Sauve AA. Regulatory Effects of NAD + Metabolic Pathways on Sirtuin Activity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 154:71-104. [PMID: 29413178 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NAD+ acts as a crucial regulator of cell physiology and as an integral participant in cellular metabolism. By virtue of a variety of signaling activities this central metabolite can exert profound effects on organism health status. Thus, while it serves as a well-known metabolic cofactor functioning as a redox-active substrate, it can also function as a substrate for signaling enzymes, such as sirtuins, poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerases, mono (ADP-ribosyl) transferases, and CD38. Sirtuins function as NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases (deacylases) and catalyze the reaction of NAD+ with acyllysine groups to remove the acyl modification from substrate proteins. This deacetylation provides a regulatory function and integrates cellular NAD+ metabolism into a large spectrum of cellular processes and outcomes, such as cell metabolism, cell survival, cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair, mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial biogenesis, and even lifespan. Increased attention to how regulated and pharmacologic changes in NAD+ concentrations can impact sirtuin activities has motivated openings of new areas of research, including investigations of how NAD+ levels are regulated at the subcellular level, and searches for more potent NAD+ precursors typified by nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). This review describes current results and thinking of how NAD+ metabolic pathways regulate sirtuin activities and how regulated NAD+ levels can impact cell physiology. In addition, NAD+ precursors are discussed, with attention to how these might be harnessed to generate novel therapeutic options to treat the diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Shi L, Yan H, An S, Shen M, Jia W, Zhang R, Zhao L, Huang G, Liu J. SIRT5-mediated deacetylation of LDHB promotes autophagy and tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 13:358-375. [PMID: 30443978 PMCID: PMC6360364 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyses the conversion of lactate and NAD+ to pyruvate, NADH and H+. Protons (H+) generated by LDHB promote lysosomal acidification and autophagy in cancer, but how this role is regulated has not been defined. In this study, we identified an important post‐translational mechanism by which LDHB is regulated during autophagy in cancer cells. Mass spectrometry revealed that protein sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a binding partner of LDHB that deacetylated LDHB at lysine‐329, thereby promoting its enzymatic activity. Deacetylated LDHB increased autophagy and accelerated the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Notably, SIRT5 knockout or inhibition by GW5074 increased LDHB acetylation at K329 and inhibited LDHB activity, which downregulated autophagy and CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, the LDHB‐Ac‐K329 staining score in CRC tissues was lower than that in corresponding peritumour tissues. Low LDHB‐Ac‐K329 status was associated with malignant progression of human CRC and served as a potential prognostic indicator for patients with CRC. Altogether, we conclude that SIRT5‐induced deacetylation of LDHB triggers hyperactivation of autophagy, a key event in tumorigenesis. Thus, the SIRT5/LDHB pathway may represent a novel target for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Shuxian An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Mengqin Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Wenzhi Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.,Department of Cancer Metabolism, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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16
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An overview of Sirtuins as potential therapeutic target: Structure, function and modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:48-77. [PMID: 30342425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin (Yeast Silent Information RegulatorsⅡ, Sir2) was first discovered in the 1970s. Because of its function by removing acetylated groups from histones in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), waves of research have assessed the potential of Sirtuin as a therapeutic target. The Sirtuin family, which is widely distributed throughout the nature, has been divided into seven human isoforms (Sirt1-Sirt7). They are thought to be closely related to some aging diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, neurodegeneration, and tumors. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the structure, function and modulators of Sirtuins, which is expected to be beneficial to relevant studies.
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17
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Tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and enzymatic activity analysis of human SIRT5 isoforms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:763-769. [PMID: 29932920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SIRT5 is one of the seven mammalian sirtuins which are NAD+-dependent deacylases. In human beings, SIRT5 gene encodes for four SIRT5 protein isoforms, namely SIRT5iso1, SIRT5iso2, SIRT5iso3, and SIRT5iso4. Previous studies have focused mostly on SIRT5iso1. Characteristics regarding localization, activity and tissue distribution of the other three SIRT5 isoforms remain unclear. In the present study, we characterized these properties of these SIRT5 isoforms. We found that SIRT5iso1-3 were mitochondria-localized, while SIRT5iso4 localized mainly in cytoplasm. SIRT5iso2-4 had little deacylase activity comparing with SIRT5iso1. Although cDNAs of all SIRT5 isoforms were readily detected in multiply tissues according to EST database, proteins of SIRT5iso2-4 were seldom observed in human cell lines. Altogether, we dissected the four isoforms of human SIRT5 protein.
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18
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Kumar S, Lombard DB. Functions of the sirtuin deacylase SIRT5 in normal physiology and pathobiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:311-334. [PMID: 29637793 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1458071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases/ADP-ribosyltransferases that have emerged as candidate targets for new therapeutics to treat metabolic disorders and other diseases, including cancer. The sirtuin SIRT5 resides primarily in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the removal of negatively charged lysine acyl modifications; succinyl, malonyl, and glutaryl groups. Evidence has now accumulated to document the roles of SIRT5 as a significant regulator of cellular homeostasis, in a context- and cell-type specific manner, as has been observed previously for other sirtuin family members. SIRT5 regulates protein substrates involved in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, electron transport chain, ketone body formation, nitrogenous waste management, and ROS detoxification, among other processes. SIRT5 plays pivotal roles in cardiac physiology and stress responses and is involved in the regulation of numerous aspects of myocardial energy metabolism. SIRT5 is implicated in neoplasia, as both a tumor promoter and suppressor in a context-specific manner, and may serve a protective function in the setting of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the current understanding of functional impacts of SIRT5 on its metabolic targets, and its molecular functions in both normal and pathological conditions. Finally, we will discuss the potential utility of SIRT5 as a drug target and also summarize the current status, progress, and challenges in developing small molecule compounds to modulate SIRT5 activity with high potency and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Kumar
- a Department of Pathology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - David B Lombard
- a Department of Pathology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Institute of Gerontology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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19
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Tatone C, Di Emidio G, Barbonetti A, Carta G, Luciano AM, Falone S, Amicarelli F. Sirtuins in gamete biology and reproductive physiology: emerging roles and therapeutic potential in female and male infertility. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24:267-289. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Tatone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Reproductive Service, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Emidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Reproductive Service, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Gaspare Carta
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Reproductive Service, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alberto M Luciano
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), CNR, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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20
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Hershberger KA, Abraham DM, Martin AS, Mao L, Liu J, Gu H, Locasale JW, Hirschey MD. Sirtuin 5 is required for mouse survival in response to cardiac pressure overload. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19767-19781. [PMID: 28972174 PMCID: PMC5712617 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In mitochondria, the sirtuin SIRT5 is an NAD+-dependent protein deacylase that controls several metabolic pathways. Although a wide range of SIRT5 targets have been identified, the overall function of SIRT5 in organismal metabolic homeostasis remains unclear. Given that SIRT5 expression is highest in the heart and that sirtuins are commonly stress-response proteins, we used an established model of pressure overload-induced heart muscle hypertrophy caused by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to determine SIRT5's role in cardiac stress responses. Remarkably, SIRT5KO mice had reduced survival upon TAC compared with wild-type mice but exhibited no mortality when undergoing a sham control operation. The increased mortality with TAC was associated with increased pathological hypertrophy and with key abnormalities in both cardiac performance and ventricular compliance. By combining high-resolution MS-based metabolomic and proteomic analyses of cardiac tissues from wild-type and SIRT5KO mice, we found several biochemical abnormalities exacerbated in the SIRT5KO mice, including apparent decreases in fatty acid oxidation and glucose oxidation as well as an overall decrease in mitochondrial NAD+/NADH. Together, these abnormalities suggest that SIRT5 deacylates protein substrates involved in cellular oxidative metabolism to maintain mitochondrial energy production. Overall, the functional and metabolic results presented here suggest an accelerated development of cardiac dysfunction in SIRT5KO mice in response to TAC, explaining increased mortality upon cardiac stress. Our findings reveal a key role for SIRT5 in maintaining cardiac oxidative metabolism under pressure overload to ensure survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Hershberger
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701
- the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Dennis M Abraham
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Duke Cardiovascular Physiology Core, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Angelical S Martin
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701
- the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Lan Mao
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Duke Cardiovascular Physiology Core, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Juan Liu
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701
- the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Hongbo Gu
- Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts 01923, and
| | - Jason W Locasale
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701
- the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701,
- the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
- the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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21
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Yang X, Wang Z, Li X, Liu B, Liu M, Liu L, Chen S, Ren M, Wang Y, Yu M, Wang B, Zou J, Zhu WG, Yin Y, Gu W, Luo J. SHMT2 Desuccinylation by SIRT5 Drives Cancer Cell Proliferation. Cancer Res 2017; 78:372-386. [PMID: 29180469 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase SHMT2, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in serine catabolism, drives cancer cell proliferation, but how this role is regulated is undefined. Here, we report that the sirtuin SIRT5 desuccinylates SHMT2 to increase its activity and drive serine catabolism in tumor cells. SIRT5 interaction directly mediated desuccinylation of lysine 280 on SHMT2, which was crucial for activating its enzymatic activity. Conversely, hypersuccinylation of SHMT2 at lysine 280 was sufficient to inhibit its enzymatic activity and downregulate tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo Notably, SIRT5 inactivation led to SHMT2 enzymatic downregulation and to abrogated cell growth under metabolic stress. Our results reveal that SHMT2 desuccinylation is a pivotal signal in cancer cells to adapt serine metabolic processes for rapid growth, and they highlight SIRT5 as a candidate target for suppressing serine catabolism as a strategy to block tumor growth.Significance: These findings reveal a novel mechanism for controlling cancer cell proliferation by blocking serine catabolism, as a general strategy to impede tumor growth. Cancer Res; 78(2); 372-86. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Boya Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaiyi Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yankun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Zou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China. .,Department of Medical & Research Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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22
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Su H, Lou Y, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Liu N, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Kong J. Involvement of the Vitamin D Receptor in Energy Metabolism Revealed by Profiling of Lysine Succinylome of White Adipose Tissue. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14132. [PMID: 29074956 PMCID: PMC5658373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine succinylation, emerging as a novel post-translational modification, is closely related to the regulation of diverse biological processes, including many aspects of metabolism. Growing evidence suggests that low vitamin D status might exert an adverse impact on energy balance, adipogenesis and inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT). However, whether there are any interactions between vitamin D and lysine succinylation still remains unknown. Here, combining high-affinity enrichment of lysine succinylated peptides with mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis, we reported the systematic profiling of the lysine succinylome, identifying 209 sites occurring on 159 proteins were up-regulated, 3 sites in 3 proteins were down-regulated in vitamin D receptor (VDR)−/− mice. Bioinformatics analysis reveals potential impacts of lysine succinylation on diverse biological processes and molecular functions, especially on carbon biotransformation, fatty acid metabolism and TCA cycle. Furthermore, eight unique motifs surrounding the succinylation sites were validated. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the first comprehensive profiling of WAT succinylome in VDR−/− mice, and provide crucial clues for further elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the involvement of the VDR in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Su
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yan Lou
- School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zuwang Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co.,Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Juan Kong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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23
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Tang X, Chen XF, Chen HZ, Liu DP. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in cardiometabolic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2063-2078. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are heterogeneous and essentially contribute to cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction compromises overall cell functioning, tissue damage, and diseases. The advances in mitochondrion biology increase our understanding of mitochondrial dynamics, bioenergetics, and redox homeostasis, and subsequently, their functions in tissue homeostasis and diseases, including cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). The functions of mitochondria mainly rely on the enzymes in their matrix. Sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent deacylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases. Three members of the Sirtuin family (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5) are located in the mitochondrion. These mitochondrial Sirtuins regulate energy and redox metabolism as well as mitochondrial dynamics in the mitochondrial matrix and are involved in cardiovascular homeostasis and CMDs. In this review, we discuss the advances in our understanding of mitochondrial Sirtuins in mitochondrion biology and CMDs, including cardiac remodeling, pulmonary artery hypertension, and vascular dysfunction. The potential therapeutic strategies by targetting mitochondrial Sirtuins to improve mitochondrial function in CMDs are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - De-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
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Schiedel M, Robaa D, Rumpf T, Sippl W, Jung M. The Current State of NAD + -Dependent Histone Deacetylases (Sirtuins) as Novel Therapeutic Targets. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:147-200. [PMID: 28094444 DOI: 10.1002/med.21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent protein deacylases that cleave off acetyl, as well as other acyl groups, from the ε-amino group of lysines in histones and other substrate proteins. Seven sirtuin isotypes (Sirt1-7) have been identified in mammalian cells. As sirtuins are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes such as cell survival, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell metabolism, and caloric restriction, a dysregulation of their enzymatic activity has been associated with the pathogenesis of neoplastic, metabolic, infectious, and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, sirtuins are promising targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Growing interest in a modulation of sirtuin activity has prompted the discovery of several small molecules, able to inhibit or activate certain sirtuin isotypes. Herein, we give an update to our previous review on the topic in this journal (Schemies, 2010), focusing on recent developments in sirtuin biology, sirtuin modulators, and their potential as novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schiedel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Tobias Rumpf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Osborne B, Bentley NL, Montgomery MK, Turner N. The role of mitochondrial sirtuins in health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:164-174. [PMID: 27164052 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy production, cell signalling and cell survival. Defects in mitochondrial function contribute to the ageing process and ageing-related disorders such as metabolic disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The sirtuin family of deacylase enzymes have a variety of subcellular localisations and have been found to remove a growing list of post-translational acyl modifications from target proteins. SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are found primarily located in the mitochondria, and are involved in many of the key processes of this organelle. SIRT3 has been the subject of intense research and is primarily a deacetylase thought to function as a mitochondrial fidelity protein, with roles in mitochondrial substrate metabolism, protection against oxidative stress, and cell survival pathways. Less is known about the functional targets of SIRT4, which has deacetylase, ADP-ribosylase, and a newly-described lipoamidase function, although key roles in lipid and glutamine metabolism have been reported. SIRT5 modulates a host of newly-discovered acyl modifications including succinylation, malonylation, and glutarylation in both mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial compartments, however the functional significance of SIRT5 in the regulation of many of its proposed target proteins remains to be discovered. Because of their influence on a broad range of pathways, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are implicated in a range of disease-states including metabolic disease such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ageing-related disorders such as hearing-loss and cardiac dysfunction. We review the current knowledge on the function of the three mitochondrial sirtuins, their role in disease, and the current outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Osborne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Bentley
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Magdalene K Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Gertz M, Steegborn C. Using mitochondrial sirtuins as drug targets: disease implications and available compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2871-96. [PMID: 27007507 PMCID: PMC11108305 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are an evolutionary conserved family of NAD(+)-dependent protein lysine deacylases. Mammals have seven Sirtuin isoforms, Sirt1-7. They contribute to regulation of metabolism, stress responses, and aging processes, and are considered therapeutic targets for metabolic and aging-related diseases. While initial studies were focused on Sirt1 and 2, recent progress on the mitochondrial Sirtuins Sirt3, 4, and 5 has stimulated research and drug development for these isoforms. Here we review the roles of Sirtuins in regulating mitochondrial functions, with a focus on the mitochondrially located isoforms, and on their contributions to disease pathologies. We further summarize the compounds available for modulating the activity of these Sirtuins, again with a focus on mitochondrial isoforms, and we describe recent results important for the further improvement of compounds. This overview illustrates the potential of mitochondrial Sirtuins as drug targets and summarizes the status, progress, and challenges in developing small molecule compounds modulating their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gertz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayer Pharma AG, Apratherweg 18a, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Cutler RG, Camandola S, Malott KF, Edelhauser MA, Mattson MP. The Role of Uric Acid and Methyl Derivatives in the Prevention of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 15:2233-8. [PMID: 26059354 DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150610143234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High uric acid (UA levels have been correlated with a reduced risk of many neurodegenerative diseases through mechanisms involving chelating Fenton reaction transitional metals, antioxidant quenching of superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals, and as an electron donor that increases antioxidant enzyme activity (e.g. SOD. However, the clinical usefulness of UA is limited by its' low water solubility and propensity to form inflammatory crystals at hyperuricemic levels. This review focuses on the role of UA in neuroprotection, as well as potential strategies aimed at increasing UA levels in the soluble range, and the potential therapeutic use of more water-soluble methyl-UA derivatives from the natural catabolic end-products of dietary caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy G Cutler
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, U.S.A.
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Abstract
Sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent lysine deacylases or ADP-ribosyltransferases. These cellular enzymes are metabolic sensors sensitive to NAD(+) levels that maintain physiological homeostasis in the animal and plant cells.
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Martin J, Balmer ML, Rajendran S, Maurhofer O, Dufour JF, St-Pierre MV. Nutritional stress exacerbates hepatic steatosis induced by deletion of the histidine nucleotide-binding (Hint2) mitochondrial protein. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G497-509. [PMID: 26767982 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00178.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The histidine nucleotide-binding protein, Hint2, is a mitochondrial phosphoramidase expressed in liver, brown fat, pancreas, and muscle. The livers of Hint2 knockout (Hint2(-/-)) mice accumulate triglycerides and show a pattern of mitochondrial protein lysine hyperacetylation. The extent and nature of the lysine acetylation changes and the response of Hint2(-/-) mice to nutritional challenges that elicit a modification of protein acetylation have not been investigated. To compare the adaptation of Hint2(-/-) and control (Hint2(+/+)) mice with episodes of fasting and high-fat diet (HFD), we subjected animals to either feeding ad libitum or fasting for 24 h, and to either a HFD or control diet for 8 wk. Triglyceride content was higher in Hint2(-/-) than in Hint2(+/+) livers, whereas plasma triglycerides were fourfold lower. Malonyl-CoA levels were increased twofold in Hint2(-/-) livers. After 24 h fasting, Hint2(-/-) displayed a decrease in body temperature, commensurate with a decrease in mass of brown fat and downregulation of uncoupling protein 1. HFD-treated Hint2(-/-) livers showed more steatosis, and plasma insulin and cholesterol were higher than in Hint(+/+) mice. Several proteins identified as substrates of sirtuin 3 and 5 and active in intermediary and ketone metabolism were hyperacetylated in liver and brown fat mitochondria after both HFD and fasting regimens. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity was downregulated in fed and fasted livers, and this was attributed to an increase in acetylation and ADP-ribosylation. The absence of Hint2 deregulates the posttranslational modification of several mitochondrial proteins, which impedes the adaptation to episodes of nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Martin
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology; and
| | - Maria L Balmer
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology; and
| | - Saranya Rajendran
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology; and
| | - Olivier Maurhofer
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology; and
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology; and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie V St-Pierre
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology; and
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Abstract
Sirtuin-family deacylases promote health and longevity in mammals. The sirtuin SIRT5 localizes predominantly to the mitochondrial matrix. SIRT5 preferentially removes negatively charged modifications from its target lysines: succinylation, malonylation, and glutarylation. It regulates protein substrates involved in glucose oxidation, ketone body formation, ammonia detoxification, fatty acid oxidation, and ROS management. Like other sirtuins, SIRT5 has recently been linked with neoplasia. Therefore, targeting SIRT5 pharmacologically could conceivably provide new avenues for treatment of metabolic disease and cancer, necessitating development of SIRT5-selective modulators. Here we describe the generation of SIRT5 bacterial expression plasmids, and their use to express and purify catalytically active and inactive forms of SIRT5 protein from E. coli. Additionally, we describe an approach to assay the catalytic activity of purified SIRT5, potentially useful for identification and validation of SIRT5-specific modulators.
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31
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Poulose N, Raju R. Sirtuin regulation in aging and injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2442-55. [PMID: 26303641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins or Sir2 family of proteins are a class of NAD(+) dependent protein deacetylases which are evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans. Some sirtuins also exhibit mono-ADP ribosyl transferase, demalonylation and desuccinylation activities. Originally identified in the yeast, these proteins regulate key cellular processes like cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolic regulation and inflammation. Humans encode seven sirtuin isoforms SIRT1-SIRT7 with varying intracellular distribution. Apart from their classic role as histone deacetylases regulating transcription, a number of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial targets of sirtuins have also been identified. Sirtuins have been implicated in longevity and accumulating evidence indicate their role in a spectrum of diseases like cancer, diabetes, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. A number of studies have reported profound changes in SIRT1 expression and activity linked to mitochondrial functional alterations following hypoxic-ischemic conditions and following reoxygenation injury. The SIRT1 mediated deacetylation of targets such as PGC-1α, FOXO3, p53 and NF-κb has profound effect on mitochondrial function, apoptosis and inflammation. These biological processes and functions are critical in life-span determination and outcome following injury. Aging is reported to be characterized by declining SIRT1 activity, and its increased expression or activation demonstrated prolonged life-span in lower forms of animals. A pseudohypoxic state due to declining NAD(+) has also been implicated in aging. In this review we provide an overview of studies on the role of sirtuins in aging and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninu Poulose
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Raghavan Raju
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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Kumar S, Lombard DB. Mitochondrial sirtuins and their relationships with metabolic disease and cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1060-77. [PMID: 25545135 PMCID: PMC4389911 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Maintenance of metabolic homeostasis is critical for cellular and organismal health. Proper regulation of mitochondrial functions represents a crucial element of overall metabolic homeostasis. Mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5) play pivotal roles in promoting this homeostasis by regulating numerous aspects of mitochondrial metabolism in response to environmental stressors. RECENT ADVANCES New work has illuminated multiple links between mitochondrial sirtuins and cancer. SIRT5 has been shown to regulate the recently described post-translational modifications succinyl-lysine, malonyl-lysine, and glutaryl-lysine. An understanding of these modifications is still in its infancy. Enumeration of SIRT3 and SIRT5 targets via advanced proteomic techniques promises to dramatically enhance insight into functions of these proteins. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we highlight the roles of mitochondrial sirtuins and their targets in cellular and organismal metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, we discuss emerging roles for mitochondrial sirtuins in suppressing and/or promoting tumorigenesis, depending on the cellular and molecular context. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Currently, hundreds of potential SIRT3 and SIRT5 molecular targets have been identified in proteomic experiments. Future studies will need to validate the major targets of these enzymes, and elucidate how acetylation and/or acylation modulate their functionality. A great deal of interest exists in targeting sirtuins pharmacologically; this endeavor will require development of sirtuin-specific modulators (activators and inhibitors) as potential treatments for cancer and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Kumar
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Parihar P, Solanki I, Mansuri ML, Parihar MS. Mitochondrial sirtuins: emerging roles in metabolic regulations, energy homeostasis and diseases. Exp Gerontol 2014; 61:130-41. [PMID: 25482473 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The energy production and metabolic homeostasis are well-orchestrated networks of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. These metabolic pathways are integrated by a key cytoplasmic organelle, the mitochondria, leading to production of many metabolic intermediates and harvest cellular energy in the form of ATP. Sirtuins are a highly conserved family of proteins that mediate cellular physiology and energy demands in response to metabolic inputs. Mitochondria inhabit three main types of sirtuins classified as Sirt3, Sirt4 and Sirt5. These sirtuins regulate mitochondrial metabolic functions mainly through controlling post-translational modifications of mitochondrial protein. However, the biological mechanism involved in controlling mitochondrial metabolic functions is not well understood at this stage. In this review the current knowledge on how mitochondrial sirtuins govern mitochondrial functions including energy production, metabolism, biogenesis and their involvement in different metabolic pathways are discussed. The identifications of potential pharmacological targets of sirtuins in the mitochondria and the bioactive compounds that target mitochondrial sirtuins will increase our understanding on regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in normal and disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Parihar
- School of Studies in Zoology & Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Isha Solanki
- School of Studies in Zoology & Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | | | - Mordhwaj S Parihar
- School of Studies in Zoology & Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India.
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34
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Hofer A, Wenz T. Post-translational modification of mitochondria as a novel mode of regulation. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:202-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lu W, Zuo Y, Feng Y, Zhang M. SIRT5 facilitates cancer cell growth and drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10699-705. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Buler M, Aatsinki SM, Izzi V, Uusimaa J, Hakkola J. SIRT5 is under the control of PGC-1α and AMPK and is involved in regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism. FASEB J 2014; 28:3225-37. [PMID: 24687991 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-245241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The sirtuins (SIRTs; SIRT1-7) are a family of NAD(+)-dependent enzymes that dynamically regulate cellular physiology. Apart from SIRT1, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of the SIRTs are poorly defined. We explored regulation of the SIRT family by 2 energy metabolism-controlling factors: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Overexpression of PGC-1α in mouse primary hepatocytes increased SIRT5 mRNA expression 4-fold and also the protein in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)- and estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα)-dependent manner. Furthermore, food withdrawal increased SIRT5 mRNA 1.3-fold in rat liver. Overexpression of AMPK in mouse hepatocytes increased expression of SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, and SIRT6 <2-fold. In contrast, SIRT5 mRNA was down-regulated by 58%. The antidiabetes drug metformin (1 mM), an established AMPK activator, reduced the mouse SIRT5 protein level by 44% in cultured hepatocytes and by 31% in liver in vivo (300 mg/kg, 7 d). Metformin also induced hypersuccinylation of mitochondrial proteins. Moreover, SIRT5 overexpression increased ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption in HepG2 cells, but did not affect mitochondrial biogenesis. In summary, our results identified SIRT5 as a novel factor that controls mitochondrial function. Moreover, SIRT5 levels are regulated by PGC-1α and AMPK, which have opposite effects on its expression.-Buler, M., Aatsinki, S.-M., Izzi, V., Uusimaa, J., Hakkola, J. SIRT5 is under the control of PGC-1α and AMPK and is involved in regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Buler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center Oulu and
| | - Sanna-Mari Aatsinki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center Oulu and
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- Medical Research Center Oulu and Institute of Clinical Medicine and Pediatrics, Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka Hakkola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center Oulu and
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Role of histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases in adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:170-7. [PMID: 24810880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complex process strictly regulated by a well-established cascade that has been thoroughly studied in the last two decades. This process is governed by complex regulatory networks that involve the activation/inhibition of multiple functional genes, and is controlled by histone-modifying enzymes. Among such modification enzymes, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) play important roles in the transcriptional regulation and post-translational modification of protein acetylation. HATs and HDACs have been shown to respond to signals that regulate cell differentiation, participate in the regulation of protein acetylation, mediate transcription and post-translation modifications, and directly acetylate/deacetylate various transcription factors and regulatory proteins. In this paper, we review the role of HATs and HDACs in white and brown adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis, to expand our knowledge on fat formation and adipose tissue biology.
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Poux S, Magrane M, Arighi CN, Bridge A, O'Donovan C, Laiho K. Expert curation in UniProtKB: a case study on dealing with conflicting and erroneous data. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2014; 2014:bau016. [PMID: 24622611 PMCID: PMC3950660 DOI: 10.1093/database/bau016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot provides expert curation with information extracted from literature and curator-evaluated computational analysis. As knowledgebases continue to play an increasingly important role in scientific research, a number of studies have evaluated their accuracy and revealed various errors. While some are curation errors, others are the result of incorrect information published in the scientific literature. By taking the example of sirtuin-5, a complex annotation case, we will describe the curation procedure of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and detail how we report conflicting information in the database. We will demonstrate the importance of collaboration between resources to ensure curation consistency and the value of contributions from the user community in helping maintain error-free resources. Database URL:www.uniprot.org
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Poux
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, Protein Information Resource, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Suite 205, Newark, DE 19711, USA and Protein Information Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3300 Whitehaven Street North West, Suite 1200, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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39
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SIRT5-mediated lysine desuccinylation impacts diverse metabolic pathways. Mol Cell 2013; 50:919-30. [PMID: 23806337 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein function is regulated by diverse posttranslational modifications. The mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT5 removes malonyl and succinyl moieties from target lysines. The spectrum of protein substrates subject to these modifications is unknown. We report systematic profiling of the mammalian succinylome, identifying 2,565 succinylation sites on 779 proteins. Most of these do not overlap with acetylation sites, suggesting differential regulation of succinylation and acetylation. Our analysis reveals potential impacts of lysine succinylation on enzymes involved in mitochondrial metabolism; e.g., amino acid degradation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. Lysine succinylation is also present on cytosolic and nuclear proteins; indeed, we show that a substantial fraction of SIRT5 is extramitochondrial. SIRT5 represses biochemical activity of, and cellular respiration through, two protein complexes identified in our analysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and succinate dehydrogenase. Our data reveal widespread roles for lysine succinylation in regulating metabolism and potentially other cellular functions.
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40
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The role of polyphenols in the modulation of sirtuins and other pathways involved in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:867-83. [PMID: 23831960 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by extracellular amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, inflammation and extensive oxidative stress. Polyphenols, which include resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin, have gained considerable interest for their ability to reduce these hallmarks of disease and their potential to slow down cognitive decline. Although their antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties are well established, more recently polyphenols have been shown to produce other important effects including anti-amyloidogenic activity, cell signalling modulation, effects on telomere length and modulation of the sirtuin proteins. Brain accessible polyphenols with multiple effects on pathways involved in neurodegeneration and ageing may therefore prove efficacious in the treatment of age-related diseases such as AD, although the evidence for this so far is limited. This review aims to explore the known effects of polyphenols from various natural and synthetic sources on brain ageing and neurodegeneration, and to examine their multiple mechanisms of action, with an emphasis on the role that the sirtuin pathway may play and the implications this may have for the treatment of AD.
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41
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Dölle C, Rack JGM, Ziegler M. NAD and ADP-ribose metabolism in mitochondria. FEBS J 2013; 280:3530-41. [PMID: 23617329 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is intimately connected to the universal coenzyme NAD. In addition to its role in redox reactions of energy transduction, NAD serves as substrate in regulatory reactions that lead to its degradation. Importantly, all types of the known NAD-consuming signalling reactions have been reported to take place in mitochondria. These reactions include the generation of second messengers, as well as post-translational protein modifications such as ADP-ribosylation and protein deacetylation. Therefore, the availability and redox state of NAD emerged as important factors in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Molecular mechanisms and targets of mitochondrial NAD-dependent protein deacetylation and mono-ADP-ribosylation have been established, whereas poly-ADP-ribosylation and NAD-derived messenger generation in the organelles await in-depth characterization. In this review, we highlight the major NAD-dependent reactions occurring within mitochondria and describe their metabolic and regulatory functions. We also discuss the metabolic fates of the NAD-degradation products, nicotinamide and ADP-ribose, and how the mitochondrial NAD pool is restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dölle
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Voelter-Mahlknecht S, Mahlknecht U. Cloning, chromosomal characterization and FISH mapping of the NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase gene sirtuin 5 in the mouse. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:237-45. [PMID: 23673559 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, belonging to the silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) family of sirtuin histone deacetylases (sirtuins). The yeast Sir2 protein and its mammalian derivatives are important in epigenetic gene silencing, DNA repair and recombination, cell cycle, microtubule organization and in the regulation of aging. In mammals, 7 sirtuin isoforms have been identified to date of which three (SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5) are localized in the mitochondria, which serve as the center of energy management and the initiation of cellular apoptosis. In the study presented herein, we report the genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the murine sirt5 gene. We have isolated and characterized the murine sirt5 genomic sequence, which spans a region of 24,449 bp and which has one single genomic locus. The murine sirt5 gene consists of 8 exons and encodes a 310-aa protein with a predictive mo-lecular weight of 34.1 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.90. For the murine sirt5 gene only one single genomic locus has been identified. The gene has been localized to mouse chromosome 13A4 and is flanked by STS-marker 164522 (synonymous WI MRC-RH: 506859).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Voelter-Mahlknecht
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University of Tuebingen, D-72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
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