1
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Suo X, Wang J, Wang D, Fan G, Zhu M, Fan B, Yang X, Li B. DHA and EPA inhibit porcine coronavirus replication by alleviating ER stress. J Virol 2023; 97:e0120923. [PMID: 37843366 PMCID: PMC10688372 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01209-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Porcine epidemic diarrhea caused by porcine coronaviruses remains a major threat to the global swine industry. Fatty acids are extensively involved in the whole life of the virus. In this study, we found that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) significantly reduced the viral load of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) and acted on the replication of the viruses rather than attachment and entry. We further confirmed that DHA and EPA inhibited PEDV replication by alleviating the endoplasmic reticulum stress. Meanwhile, DHA and EPA alleviate PEDV-induced inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhance the cellular antioxidant capacity. These data indicate that DHA and EPA have antiviral effects on porcine coronaviruses and provide a molecular basis for the development of new fatty acid-based therapies to control porcine coronavirus infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Suo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjun Zhu
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Marikawa Y, Alarcon VB. An active metabolite of the anti-COVID-19 drug molnupiravir impairs mouse preimplantation embryos at clinically relevant concentrations. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 121:108475. [PMID: 37748715 PMCID: PMC10671791 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Molnupiravir is a nucleoside analog antiviral that is authorized for use in the treatment of COVID-19. For its therapeutic action, molnupiravir is converted after ingestion to the active metabolite N4-hydroxycytidine, which is incorporated into the viral genome to cause lethal mutagenesis. Molnupiravir is not recommended for use during pregnancy, because preclinical animal studies suggest that it is hazardous to developing embryos. However, the mechanisms underlying the embryotoxicity of molnupiravir are currently unknown. To gain mechanistic insights into its embryotoxic action, the effects of molnupiravir and N4-hydroxycytidine were examined on the in vitro development of mouse preimplantation embryos. Molnupiravir did not prevent blastocyst formation even at concentrations that were much higher than the therapeutic plasma levels. By contrast, N4-hyroxycytidine exhibited potent toxicity, as it interfered with blastocyst formation and caused extensive cell death at concentrations below the therapeutic plasma levels. The adverse effects of N4-hydroxycytidine were dependent on the timing of exposure, such that treatment after the 8-cell stage, but not before it, caused embryotoxicity. Transcriptomic analysis of N4-hydroxycytidine-exposed embryos, together with the examination of eIF-2a protein phosphorylation level, suggested that N4-hydroxycytidine induced the integrated stress response. The adverse effects of N4-hydroxycytidine were significantly alleviated by the co-treatment with S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine, suggesting that the embryotoxic potential of N4-hydroxycytidine requires the activity of nucleoside transporters. These findings show that the active metabolite of molnupiravir impairs preimplantation development at clinically relevant concentrations, providing mechanistic foundation for further studies on the embryotoxic potential of molnupiravir and other related nucleoside antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Marikawa
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Vernadeth B Alarcon
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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3
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Liu X, Xu C, Xiao W, Yan N. Unravelling the role of NFE2L1 in stress responses and related diseases. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102819. [PMID: 37473701 PMCID: PMC10404558 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, also known as Nrf1) is a highly conserved transcription factor that belongs to the CNC-bZIP subfamily. Its significance lies in its control over redox balance, proteasome activity, and organ integrity. Stress responses encompass a series of compensatory adaptations utilized by cells and organisms to cope with extracellular or intracellular stress initiated by stressful stimuli. Recently, extensive evidence has demonstrated that NFE2L1 plays a crucial role in cellular stress adaptation by 1) responding to oxidative stress through the induction of antioxidative responses, and 2) addressing proteotoxic stress or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), unfolded protein response (UPR), and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). It is worth noting that NFE2L1 serves as a core factor in proteotoxic stress adaptation, which has been extensively studied in cancer and neurodegeneration associated with enhanced proteasomal stress. In these contexts, utilization of NFE2L1 inhibitors to attenuate proteasome "bounce-back" response holds tremendous potential for enhancing the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors. Additionally, abnormal stress adaptations of NFE2L1 and disturbances in redox and protein homeostasis contribute to the pathophysiological complications of cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, a comprehensive exploration of the molecular basis of NFE2L1 and NFE2L1-mediated diseases related to stress responses would not only facilitate the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic indicators but also enable the identification of specific therapeutic targets for NFE2L1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Liu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Xu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wanglong Xiao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Nianlong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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4
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Chandran A, Oliver HJ, Rochet JC. Role of NFE2L1 in the Regulation of Proteostasis: Implications for Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1169. [PMID: 37759569 PMCID: PMC10525699 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of aging and neurodegenerative diseases is a disruption of proteome homeostasis ("proteostasis") that is caused to a considerable extent by a decrease in the efficiency of protein degradation systems. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the major cellular pathway involved in the clearance of small, short-lived proteins, including amyloidogenic proteins that form aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. Age-dependent decreases in proteasome subunit expression coupled with the inhibition of proteasome function by aggregated UPS substrates result in a feedforward loop that accelerates disease progression. Nuclear factor erythroid 2- like 1 (NFE2L1) is a transcription factor primarily responsible for the proteasome inhibitor-induced "bounce-back effect" regulating the expression of proteasome subunits. NFE2L1 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it is rapidly degraded under basal conditions by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Under conditions leading to proteasome impairment, NFE2L1 is cleaved and transported to the nucleus, where it binds to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the promoter region of proteasome subunit genes, thereby stimulating their transcription. In this review, we summarize the role of UPS impairment in aging and neurodegenerative disease etiology and consider the potential benefit of enhancing NFE2L1 function as a strategy to upregulate proteasome function and alleviate pathology in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Chandran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Haley Jane Oliver
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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5
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Pritchett EM, Van Goor A, Schneider BK, Young M, Lamont SJ, Schmidt CJ. Chicken pituitary transcriptomic responses to acute heat stress. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5233-5246. [PMID: 37127810 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poultry production is vulnerable to increasing temperatures in terms of animal welfare and in economic losses. With the predicted increase in global temperature and the number and severity of heat waves, it is important to understand how chickens raised for food respond to heat stress. This knowledge can be used to determine how to select chickens that are adapted to thermal challenge. As neuroendocrine organs, the hypothalamus and pituitary provide systemic regulation of the heat stress response. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we report a transcriptome analysis of the pituitary response to acute heat stress. Chickens were stressed for 2 h at 35 °C (HS) and transcriptomes compared with birds maintained in thermoneutral temperatures (25 °C). CONCLUSIONS The observations were evaluated in the context of ontology terms and pathways to describe the pituitary response to heat stress. The pituitaries of heat stressed birds exhibited responses to hyperthermia through altered expression of genes coding for chaperones, cell cycle regulators, cholesterol synthesis, transcription factors, along with the secreted peptide hormones, prolactin, and proopiomelanocortin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Meaghan Young
- Animal and Food Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Carl J Schmidt
- Animal and Food Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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6
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Pal D, De K, Yates TB, Kolape J, Muchero W. Mutating novel interaction sites in NRP1 reduces SARS-CoV-2 spike protein internalization. iScience 2023; 26:106274. [PMID: 36910328 PMCID: PMC9957656 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has become a severe global health problem because of its rapid spread. Both Ace2 and NRP1 provide initial viral binding sites for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show that cysteine residues located in the vestigial plasminogen-apple-nematode (PAN) domain of NRP1 are necessary for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein internalization. Mutating novel cysteine residues in the PAN altered NRP1 stability and downstream activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and impaired its interaction with the spike protein. This resulted in a significant reduction in spike protein abundance in Vero-E6 cells for the original, alpha, and delta SARS-CoV-2 variants even in the presence of the Ace2. Moreover, mutating these cysteine residues in NRP1 significantly lowered its association with Plexin-A1. As the spike protein is a critical component for targeted therapy, our biochemical study may represent a distinct mechanism to develop a path for future therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Pal
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Kuntal De
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Timothy B. Yates
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jaydeep Kolape
- Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Corresponding author
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7
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Zhang J, Xue Z, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Zhou A, Shi L, Liu Y. RNA-Sequencing Characterization of lncRNA and mRNA Functions in Septic Pig Liver Injury. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040945. [PMID: 37107704 PMCID: PMC10137529 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and lncRNAs in the liver of septic pigs to explore the key factors regulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. We identified 543 DE lncRNAs and 3642 DE mRNAs responsive to LPS. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the DE mRNAs were involved in liver metabolism and other pathways related to inflammation and apoptosis. We also found significantly upregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-associated genes, including the receptor protein kinase receptor-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (EIF2S1), the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). In addition, we predicted 247 differentially expressed target genes (DETG) of DE lncRNAs. The analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPI) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway detected key DETGs that are involved in metabolic pathways, such as N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2), argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1). LNC_003307 was the most abundant DE lncRNA in the pig liver, with a marked upregulation of >10-fold after LPS stimulation. We identified three transcripts for this gene using the rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE) technique and obtained the shortest transcript sequence. This gene likely derives from the nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) gene in pigs. According to the identified DETGs of LNC_003307, we hypothesize that this gene regulates inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in LPS-induced liver damage in pigs. This study provides a transcriptomic reference for further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying septic hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Zhihui Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qingbo Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ao Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Liangyu Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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8
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Kuang Y, Ye N, Kyani A, Ljungman M, Paulsen M, Chen H, Zhou M, Wild C, Chen H, Zhou J, Neamati N. Induction of Genes Implicated in Stress Response and Autophagy by a Novel Quinolin-8-yl-nicotinamide QN523 in Pancreatic Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6133-6156. [PMID: 35439009 PMCID: PMC9195374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using a cytotoxicity-based phenotypic screen of a highly diverse library of 20,000 small-molecule compounds, we identified a quinolin-8-yl-nicotinamide, QN519, as a promising lead. QN519 represents a novel scaffold with drug-like properties, showing potent in vitro cytotoxicity in a panel of 12 cancer cell lines. Subsequently, lead optimization campaign generated compounds with IC50 values < 1 μM. An optimized compound, QN523, shows significant in vivo efficacy in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model. QN523 treatment significantly increased the expression of HSPA5, DDIT3, TRIB3, and ATF3 genes, suggesting activation of the stress response pathway. We also observed a significant increase in the expression of WIPI1, HERPUD1, GABARAPL1, and MAP1LC3B, implicating autophagy as a major mechanism of action. Due to the lack of effective treatments for pancreatic cancer, discovery of novel agents such as the QN series of compounds with unique mechanism of action has the potential to fulfill a clear unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Kuang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Na Ye
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Armita Kyani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michelle Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haijun Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Mingxiang Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Christopher Wild
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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9
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Edamatsu H. Zinc ions negatively regulate proapoptotic signaling in cells expressing oncogenic mutant Ras. Biometals 2022; 35:349-362. [PMID: 35212861 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutational activation of the Ras family of proto-oncogenes promotes cell survival and proliferation. Studies using cells cultured in vitro have shown that ectopic expression of constitutively active Ras suppresses apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. However, in some cellular contexts, constitutively active Ras exerts the opposite effects, including apoptosis of serum-starved embryonic fibroblasts. Such observations first came over two decades ago, but the molecular mechanisms by which mutant Ras increases the susceptibility of cells to serum deprivation leading to apoptosis are still not fully understood. To revisit this issue, I investigate the effects of serum depletion and mutant Ras expression on intracellular signaling and transcriptome of cells carrying an inducible allele of constitutively active mutant Hras (HrasG12V). I identify zinc ions (Zn2+) as a serum factor that suppresses proapoptotic signaling in cells expressing HrasG12V. Mechanistically, HrasG12V expression along with Zn2+ deficiency activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which are required for caspase-3 activation involved in the induction of cell death. Transcriptome analyses suggest that HrasG12V induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). Further analyses of intracellular signaling biomolecules related to the UPR indicate that HrasG12V activates inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), which synergizes with Zn2+ deficiency to activate JNK and p38 MAPK signaling. These results provide insights into a role of Zn2+ that counteracts proapoptotic signaling activated by mutationally activated Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Edamatsu
- Department of Biology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
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10
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Park EJ, Jin SW, Kang MS, Yang MJ, Kim SH, Han HY, Kang JW. Pulmonary inflammation and cellular responses following exposure to benzalkonium chloride: Potential impact of disrupted pulmonary surfactant homeostasis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 440:115930. [PMID: 35202710 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) is a prototypical quaternary ammonium disinfectant. Previously, we suggested a no lethal dose level (0.005%) and an LD50 range (0.5-0.05%) of BKC following a single pharyngeal aspiration. Herein, we exposed BKC repeatedly by pharyngeal aspiration for 14 days (0.005 and 0.01%, female mice, total five times with interval of two days, 5 mice/group) and 28 days (0, 0.001, 0.005, and 0.01%, male and female mice, weekly, 16 mice/sex/group). Death following 14 days-repeated exposure did not occur. Meanwhile, chronic pathological lesions were observed in the lung tissues of mice exposed to BKC for 28 days. The total number of bronchial alveolar lavage cells increased, and pulmonary homeostasis of immunologic messenger molecules was disturbed. Following, we investigated BKC-induced cellular responses using human bronchial epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity increased rapidly with concentration. Lysosomal volume, NO production, and lipid peroxidation increased in BKC-treated cells, whereas intracellular ROS level decreased accompanying structural and functional damage of mitochondria. We also found that BKC affected the expression level of immune response, DNA damage, and amino acid biosynthesis-related molecules. More interestingly, lamellar body- and autophagosome-like structures were notably observed in cells exposed to BKC, and necrotic and apoptotic cell death were identified accompanying cell accumulation in the G2/M phase. Therefore, we suggest that repeated respiratory exposure of BKC causes pulmonary inflammation and lung tissue damage and that dead and damaged cells may contribute to the inflammatory response. In addition, the formation process of lamellar body-like structures may function as a key toxicity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Human Health and Environmental Toxins Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Woo Jin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Yang
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Yun Han
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 0284, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, 0284, Republic of Korea
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11
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Northrop A, Byers HA, Radhakrishnan SK. Regulation of NRF1, a master transcription factor of proteasome genes: implications for cancer and neurodegeneration. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 31:2158-2163. [PMID: 32924844 PMCID: PMC7550695 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-04-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to sense proteasome insufficiency and respond by directing the transcriptional synthesis of de novo proteasomes is a trait that is conserved in evolution and is found in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. This homeostatic mechanism in mammalian cells is driven by the transcription factor NRF1. Interestingly, NRF1 is synthesized as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein and when cellular proteasome activity is sufficient, it is retrotranslocated into the cytosol and targeted for destruction by the ER-associated degradation pathway (ERAD). However, when proteasome capacity is diminished, retrotranslocated NRF1 escapes ERAD and is activated into a mature transcription factor that traverses to the nucleus to induce proteasome genes. In this Perspective, we track the journey of NRF1 from the ER to the nucleus, with a special focus on the various molecular regulators it encounters along its way. Also, using human pathologies such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases as examples, we explore the notion that modulating the NRF1-proteasome axis could provide the basis for a viable therapeutic strategy in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Northrop
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Holly A Byers
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
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12
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Ren S, Bian Y, Hou Y, Wang Z, Zuo Z, Liu Z, Teng Y, Fu J, Wang H, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Pi J. The roles of NFE2L1 in adipocytes: Structural and mechanistic insight from cell and mouse models. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102015. [PMID: 34058615 PMCID: PMC8170497 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes play pivotal roles in maintaining energy homeostasis by storing lipids in adipose tissue (AT), regulating the flux of lipids between AT and the circulation in response to the body's energy requirements and secreting a variety of hormones, cytokines and other factors. Proper AT development and function ensure overall metabolic health. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, also known as NRF1) belongs to the CNC-bZIP family and plays critical roles in regulating a wide range of essential cellular functions and varies stress responses in many cells and tissues. Human and rodent Nfe2l1 genes can be transcribed into multiple splice variants resulting in various protein isoforms, which may be further modified by a variety of post-translational mechanisms. While the long isoforms of NFE2L1 have been established as master regulators of cellular adaptive antioxidant response and proteasome homeostasis, the exact tissue distribution and physiological function of NFE2L1 isoforms, the short isoforms in particular, are still under intense investigation. With regard to key roles of NFE2L1 in adipocytes, emerging data indicates that deficiency of Nfe2l1 results in aberrant adipogenesis and impaired AT functioning. Intriguingly, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the human NFE2L1 gene is associated with obesity. In this review, we summarize the most significant findings regarding the specific roles of the multiple isoforms of NFE2L1 in AT formation and function. We highlight that NFE2L1 plays a fundamental regulatory role in the expression of multiple genes that are crucial to AT metabolism and function and thus could be an important target to improve disease states involving aberrant adipose plasticity and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Ren
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yiying Bian
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yongyong Hou
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Zhendi Wang
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Zhuo Zuo
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yue Teng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yanyan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Road, Heping Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University. No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China.
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13
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Kandaswamy R, Hannon E, Arseneault L, Mansell G, Sugden K, Williams B, Burrage J, Staley JR, Pishva E, Dahir A, Roberts S, Danese A, Mill J, Fisher HL, Wong CCY. DNA methylation signatures of adolescent victimization: analysis of a longitudinal monozygotic twin sample. Epigenetics 2020; 16:1169-1186. [PMID: 33371772 PMCID: PMC8813077 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1853317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that individuals exposed to victimization at key developmental stages may have different epigenetic fingerprints compared to those exposed to no/minimal stressful events, however results are inconclusive. This study aimed to strengthen causal inference regarding the impact of adolescent victimization on the epigenome by controlling for genetic variation, age, gender, and shared environmental exposures. We conducted longitudinal epigenome-wide association analyses (EWAS) on DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles of 118 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs from the Environmental Risk study with and without severe adolescent victimization generated using buccal DNA collected at ages 5, 10 and 18, and the Illumina EPIC array. Additionally, we performed cross-sectional EWAS on age-18 blood and buccal DNA from the same individuals to elucidate tissue-specific signatures of severe adolescent victimization. Our analyses identified 20 suggestive differentially methylated positions (DMPs) (P < 5e-05), with altered DNAm trajectories between ages 10–18 associated with severe adolescent victimization (∆Beta range = −5.5%−5.3%). Age-18 cross-sectional analyses revealed 72 blood (∆Beta range = −2.2%−3.4%) and 42 buccal (∆Beta range = −3.6%−4.6%) suggestive severe adolescent victimization-associated DMPs, with some evidence of convergent signals between these two tissue types. Downstream regional analysis identified significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in LGR6 and ANK3 (Šidák P = 5e-09 and 4.07e-06), and one upstream of CCL27 (Šidák P = 2.80e-06) in age-18 blood and buccal EWAS, respectively. Our study represents the first longitudinal MZ twin analysis of DNAm and severe adolescent victimization, providing initial evidence for altered DNA methylomic signatures in individuals exposed to adolescent victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Kandaswamy
- King's College London, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Eilis Hannon
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Louise Arseneault
- King's College London, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.,ESRC Centre for Society & Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georgina Mansell
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Karen Sugden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin Williams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joe Burrage
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - James R Staley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ehsan Pishva
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Aisha Dahir
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Susanna Roberts
- King's College London, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London UK
| | - Andrea Danese
- King's College London, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.,King's College London, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London UK.,National & Specialist CAMHS Clinic for Trauma, Anxiety and Depression, South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Helen L Fisher
- King's College London, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.,ESRC Centre for Society & Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe C Y Wong
- King's College London, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
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14
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Davies JP, Almasy KM, McDonald EF, Plate L. Comparative Multiplexed Interactomics of SARS-CoV-2 and Homologous Coronavirus Nonstructural Proteins Identifies Unique and Shared Host-Cell Dependencies. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:3174-3189. [PMID: 33263384 PMCID: PMC7724760 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human coronaviruses (hCoVs) have become a threat to global health and society, as evident from the SARS outbreak in 2002 caused by SARS-CoV-1 and the most recent COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Despite a high sequence similarity between SARS-CoV-1 and -2, each strain has a distinctive virulence. A better understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms mediating changes in virulence is needed. Here, we profile the virus-host protein-protein interactions of two hCoV nonstructural proteins (nsps) that are critical for virus replication. We use tandem mass tag-multiplexed quantitative proteomics to sensitively compare and contrast the interactomes of nsp2 and nsp4 from three betacoronavirus strains: SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and hCoV-OC43-an endemic strain associated with the common cold. This approach enables the identification of both unique and shared host cell protein binding partners and the ability to further compare the enrichment of common interactions across homologues from related strains. We identify common nsp2 interactors involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ signaling and mitochondria biogenesis. We also identify nsp4 interactors unique to each strain, such as E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes for SARS-CoV-1 and ER homeostasis factors for SARS-CoV-2. Common nsp4 interactors include N-linked glycosylation machinery, unfolded protein response associated proteins, and antiviral innate immune signaling factors. Both nsp2 and nsp4 interactors are strongly enriched in proteins localized at mitochondria-associated ER membranes suggesting a new functional role for modulating host processes, such as calcium homeostasis, at these organelle contact sites. Our results shed light on the role these hCoV proteins play in the infection cycle, as well as host factors that may mediate the divergent pathogenesis of OC43 from SARS strains. Our mass spectrometry workflow enables rapid and robust comparisons of multiple bait proteins, which can be applied to additional viral proteins. Furthermore, the identified common interactions may present new targets for exploration by host-directed antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Davies
- Department of Biological Sciences, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine M. Almasy
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eli F. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lars Plate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
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15
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Zhou N, Qiao H, Zeng M, Yang L, Zhou Y, Guan Q. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Circ_002117 binds to microRNA-370 and promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:465. [PMID: 36514105 PMCID: PMC7519507 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence implicates circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various biological processes during cancer progression. Gastric cancer is a main cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Herein, we aimed at investigating whether circ_002117 mediates gastric cancer progression through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis detected differentially expressed circRNAs and their target miRNA candidates, and RT-qPCR was performed to detect expression of circ_002117, microRNA (miRNA)-370 and HERPUD1 in gastric cancer tissues and cells. Gastric cancer cells were transfected with plasmids and their proliferative ability and apoptosis were detected with gain- and loss-of-function assay. The ER of treated cells was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RIP were performed to detect the interaction between HEPRUD1, miR-370 and circ_002117-treated cells were injected into mice to establish xenograft tumor model. RESULTS Circ_002117 and HEPRUD1 were poorly expressed whereas miR-370 was highly expressed in clinical cancer tissues and cells. Circ_002117 was indicated to target and suppress miR-370 expression, while HERPUD1 was directly targeted by miR-370. Circ_002117 overexpression or miR-370 deficiency promoted ER stress-induced apoptosis and decreased proliferation of gastric cancer cells, which was reversed by silencing of HEPRUD1. Circ_002117 overexpression or miR-370 depletion significantly suppressed gastric cancer tumorigenesis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Taken altogether, circ_002117 facilitated ER stress-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer by upregulating HERPUD1 through miR-370 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Qiao
- grid.412643.6Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Zeng
- grid.412643.6Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- grid.412643.6Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- grid.412643.6Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412643.6Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Disease of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanlin Guan
- grid.412643.6Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Disease of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412643.6Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China
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16
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Mitochondrial Respiratory Defect Enhances Hepatoma Cell Invasiveness via STAT3/NFE2L1/STX12 Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092632. [PMID: 32942643 PMCID: PMC7565734 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondria are essential organelles responsible for aerobic ATP production in eukaryotes. However, many solid tumor cells harbor an impaired mitochondrial ATP production system: oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of the mitochondrial OXPHOS defect in cancer cell activity, especially focusing on hepatoma cell invasiveness. We demonstrated that NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit A9 (NDUFA9) depletion was an upstream driver of the OXPHOS defect and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 like 1 (NFE2L1) upregulation in HCC tumors. NFE2L1 is the key transcription factor to enhance hepatoma cell invasiveness via STX12 expression. Our study presents a novel mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated retrograde signaling pathway and the resulting transcriptomic reprogramming in liver cancer progression, providing the NDUFA9/NFE2L1/STX12 axis as a key prognostic marker of aggressive liver cancer with mitochondrial defects. Abstract Mitochondrial respiratory defects have been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis, but how they control tumor cell aggressiveness remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a mitochondrial respiratory defect induces nuclear factor-erythroid 2 like 1 (NFE2L1) expression at the transcriptional level via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated STAT3 activation. We identified syntaxin 12 (STX12) as an effective downstream target of NFE2L1 by performing cDNA microarray analysis after the overexpression and depletion of NFE2L1 in hepatoma cells. Bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) open database (n = 371) also revealed a significant positive association (r = 0.3, p = 2.49 × 10−9) between NFE2L1 and STX12 expression. We further demonstrated that STX12 is upregulated through the ROS/STAT3/NFE2L1 axis and is a key downstream effector of NFE2L1 in modulating hepatoma cell invasiveness. In addition, gene enrichment analysis of TCGA-LIHC also showed that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related core genes are significantly upregulated in tumors co-expressing NFE2L1 and STX12. The positive association between NFE2L1 and STX12 expression was validated by immunohistochemistry of the hepatocellular carcinoma tissue array. Finally, higher EMT gene enrichment and worse overall survival (p = 0.043) were observed in the NFE2L1 and STX12 co-expression group with mitochondrial defect, as indicated by low NDUFA9 expression. Collectively, our results indicate that NFE2L1 is a key mitochondrial retrograde signaling-mediated primary gene product enhancing hepatoma cell invasiveness via STX12 expression and promoting liver cancer progression.
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17
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Davies JP, Almasy KM, McDonald EF, Plate L. Comparative multiplexed interactomics of SARS-CoV-2 and homologous coronavirus non-structural proteins identifies unique and shared host-cell dependencies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.07.13.201517. [PMID: 32699849 PMCID: PMC7373130 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.13.201517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human coronaviruses (hCoV) have become a threat to global health and society, as evident from the SARS outbreak in 2002 caused by SARS-CoV-1 and the most recent COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Despite high sequence similarity between SARS-CoV-1 and -2, each strain has distinctive virulence. A better understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms mediating changes in virulence is needed. Here, we profile the virus-host protein-protein interactions of two hCoV non-structural proteins (nsps) that are critical for virus replication. We use tandem mass tag-multiplexed quantitative proteomics to sensitively compare and contrast the interactomes of nsp2 and nsp4 from three betacoronavirus strains: SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and hCoV-OC43 - an endemic strain associated with the common cold. This approach enables the identification of both unique and shared host cell protein binding partners and the ability to further compare the enrichment of common interactions across homologs from related strains. We identify common nsp2 interactors involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca 2+ signaling and mitochondria biogenesis. We also identifiy nsp4 interactors unique to each strain, such as E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes for SARS-CoV-1 and ER homeostasis factors for SARS-CoV-2. Common nsp4 interactors include N -linked glycosylation machinery, unfolded protein response (UPR) associated proteins, and anti-viral innate immune signaling factors. Both nsp2 and nsp4 interactors are strongly enriched in proteins localized at mitochondrial-associated ER membranes suggesting a new functional role for modulating host processes, such as calcium homeostasis, at these organelle contact sites. Our results shed light on the role these hCoV proteins play in the infection cycle, as well as host factors that may mediate the divergent pathogenesis of OC43 from SARS strains. Our mass spectrometry workflow enables rapid and robust comparisons of multiple bait proteins, which can be applied to additional viral proteins. Furthermore, the identified common interactions may present new targets for exploration by host-directed anti-viral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Davies
- Department of Biological Sciences, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine M. Almasy
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eli F. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lars Plate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
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18
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Hamazaki J, Murata S. ER-Resident Transcription Factor Nrf1 Regulates Proteasome Expression and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103683. [PMID: 32456207 PMCID: PMC7279161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein folding is a substantively error prone process, especially when it occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The highly exquisite machinery in the ER controls secretory protein folding, recognizes aberrant folding states, and retrotranslocates permanently misfolded proteins from the ER back to the cytosol; these misfolded proteins are then degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome system termed as the ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The 26S proteasome is a multisubunit protease complex that recognizes and degrades ubiquitinated proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. The complex structure of the 26S proteasome requires exquisite regulation at the transcription, translation, and molecular assembly levels. Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 1 (Nrf1; NFE2L1), an ER-resident transcription factor, has recently been shown to be responsible for the coordinated expression of all the proteasome subunit genes upon proteasome impairment in mammalian cells. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the transcriptional regulation of the proteasome, as well as recent findings concerning the regulation of Nrf1 transcription activity in ER homeostasis and metabolic processes.
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19
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Overexpression of NRF1-742 or NRF1-772 Reduces Arsenic-Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062014. [PMID: 32188015 PMCID: PMC7139366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that human exposure to inorganic arsenic causes cutaneous diseases and skin cancers. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 1 (NRF1) belongs to the cap “n” collar (CNC) basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family and regulates antioxidant response element (ARE) genes. The human NRF1 gene is transcribed into multiple isoforms, which contain 584, 616, 742, 761, or 772 amino acids. We previously demonstrated that the long isoforms of NRF1 (i.e., NRF1-742, NRF1-761 and NRF1-772) are involved in the protection of human keratinocytes from acute arsenic cytotoxicity by enhancing the cellular antioxidant response. The aim of the current study was to investigate the roles of NRF1-742 and NRF1-772 in the arsenic-induced antioxidant response and cytotoxicity. We found that overexpression of NRF1-742 or NRF1-772 in human HaCaT keratinocytes decreased susceptibility to arsenic-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity. In addition, we characterized the different protein bands observed for NRF1-742 and NRF1-772 by western blotting. The posttranslational modifications and nuclear translocation of these isoforms differed and were partially affected by arsenic exposure. Antioxidant protein levels were increased in the NRF1-742 and NRF1-772-overexpressing cell lines. The upregulation of antioxidant protein levels was partly due to the translation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2) and its increased nuclear transport. Overall, overexpression of NRF1-742 and NRF1-772 protected HaCaT cells from arsenic-induced cytotoxicity, mainly through translational modifications and the promotion of antioxidant gene expression.
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20
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Sachs S, Bastidas-Ponce A, Tritschler S, Bakhti M, Böttcher A, Sánchez-Garrido MA, Tarquis-Medina M, Kleinert M, Fischer K, Jall S, Harger A, Bader E, Roscioni S, Ussar S, Feuchtinger A, Yesildag B, Neelakandhan A, Jensen CB, Cornu M, Yang B, Finan B, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH, Theis FJ, Hofmann SM, Müller TD, Lickert H. Targeted pharmacological therapy restores β-cell function for diabetes remission. Nat Metab 2020; 2:192-209. [PMID: 32694693 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation of insulin-secreting β cells in the islets of Langerhans has been proposed to be a major mechanism of β-cell dysfunction. Whether dedifferentiated β cells can be targeted by pharmacological intervention for diabetes remission, and ways in which this could be accomplished, are unknown as yet. Here we report the use of streptozotocin-induced diabetes to study β-cell dedifferentiation in mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of islets identified markers and pathways associated with β-cell dedifferentiation and dysfunction. Single and combinatorial pharmacology further show that insulin treatment triggers insulin receptor pathway activation in β cells and restores maturation and function for diabetes remission. Additional β-cell selective delivery of oestrogen by Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1-oestrogen conjugate) decreases daily insulin requirements by 60%, triggers oestrogen-specific activation of the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation system, and further increases β-cell survival and regeneration. GLP-1-oestrogen also protects human β cells against cytokine-induced dysfunction. This study not only describes mechanisms of β-cell dedifferentiation and regeneration, but also reveals pharmacological entry points to target dedifferentiated β cells for diabetes remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sachs
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miguel A Sánchez-Garrido
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marta Tarquis-Medina
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrin Fischer
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid Jall
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Harger
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erik Bader
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sara Roscioni
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Marion Cornu
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Bin Yang
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard D DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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21
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Cao W, Gao W, Zheng P, Sun X, Wang L. Medroxyprogesterone acetate causes the alterations of endoplasmic reticulum related mRNAs and lncRNAs in endometrial cancer cells. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:163. [PMID: 31718641 PMCID: PMC6852953 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progestin is effective to promote endometrial cancer (EC) cells apoptosis, however, continuous progestin administration causes low level of progestin receptor B (PRB), further resulting in progestin resistance. Here, we performed microarray analysis on Ishikawa cells (PRB+) treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory influence of MPA on PRB+ EC cells. METHODS Microarray analysis was performed by using Ishikawa cells (PRB+) treated with MPA. Differentially expressed mRNA and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified. Furthermore, the functions of these mRNAs and lncRNAs were predicted by functional enrichment analysis. QRT-PCR was further performed to verify the microarray data. RESULTS A total of 358 differentially expressed genes and 292 lncRNAs were identified in Ishikawa cells (PRB+) treated with MPA. QRT-PCR verified these data. Functional enrichment analysis identified endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as the key pathway involved in the inhibitory effect of MPA on EC cells. And the ER stress apoptotic molecule CHOP and ER stress related molecule HERPUD1 were both highly expressed in Ishikawa cells (PRB+) treated with MPA. Co-expression analysis showed lnc-CETP-3 was highly correlated with CHOP and HERPUD1, suggesting it might participate in ER stress pathway-related EC cell apoptosis caused by MPA. In addition, compared with untreated cells, lnc-CETP-3, CHOP and HERPUD1 were significantly up-regulated in Ishikawa cells (PRB+) treated with MPA, whereas they have no statistical significance in KLE cells (PRB-). CONCLUSIONS MPA may activate ER stress by progesterone-PRB pathway to up-regulate CHOP expression, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of MPA on EC cells with PRB+. Lnc-CETP-3 might be involved in this process. These findings may provide therapeutic targets for EC patients with PRB-, and resistance-related targets to increase the sensitivity of MPA on EC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wuyuan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Panchan Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.910, Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Hu H, Fan X, Yin Y, Guo Q, Yang D, Wei X, Zhang B, Liu J, Wu Q, Oh Y, Chen K, Feng Y, Hou L, Li L, Gu N. Mechanisms of titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress and modulation of plasma glucose in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:1221-1235. [PMID: 31298478 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are reported to increase plasma glucose levels in mice at specific doses. The production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is potentially the most important factor underlying the biological toxicity of TiO2 NPs but the underlying mechanisms are unclear at present. Data from genome-wide analyses showed that TiO2 NPs induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ROS generation, leading to the inference that TiO2 NP-induced ER stress contributes to enhancement of ROS in mice. Resveratrol (Res) effectively relieved TiO2 NP-induced ER stress and ROS generation by ameliorating expression of a common set of activated genes for both processes, signifying that ER stress and ROS are closely related. TiO2 NP-induced ER stress occurred earlier than ROS generation. Upon treatment with 4-phenylbutyric acid to relieve ER stress, plasma glucose levels tended toward normal and TiO2 NP increased ROS production was inhibited. These results suggest that TiO2 NP-induced ER stress promotes the generation of ROS, in turn, triggering increased plasma glucose levels in mice. In addition, Res that displays the ability to reduce ER stress presents a dietary polyphenol antioxidant that can effectively prevent the toxicological effects of TiO2 NPs on plasma glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xingpei Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Daqian Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangjuan Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuri Oh
- Faculty of Education, Wakayama University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kun Chen
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Liping Hou
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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23
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Metformin prevention of doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 involves oxidative stress generation and modulation of cell adaptation genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5864. [PMID: 30971831 PMCID: PMC6458149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin was shown to sensitize multidrug resistant breast cancer cells; however, the mechanisms involved in this capacity need to be clarified. We investigated oxidative stress and inflammatory-related pathways during the induction of doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (DOX-res group), and evaluated metformin-induced cellular responses that resulted in the prevention of doxorubicin resistance (Met-DOX group). Microarray analysis demonstrated that DOX-res changed the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress (OS) and the TGF- β1 pathway. The DOX-res group presented increased thiols and reduced lipoperoxidation, increased levels of nitric oxide, nuclear NF-kB and Nrf2, and reduced nuclear p53 labelling. Analysis of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway by RT-PCR array showed that DOX-res developed adaptive responses, such as resistance against apoptosis and OS. Metformin treatment modified gene expression related to OS and the IFN-α signaling pathway. The Met-DOX group was more sensitive to DOX-induced OS, presented lower levels of nitric oxide, nuclear NF-kB and Nrf2, and increased nuclear p53. Analysis of the IFN-α signaling pathway showed that Met-DOX presented more sensitivity to apoptosis and OS. Our findings indicate that metformin is a promising tool in the prevention of chemoresistance in patients with breast cancer submitted to doxorubicin-based treatments.
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24
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Shu J, Dang L, Zhang D, Shah P, Chen L, Zhang H, Sun S. Dynamic analysis of proteomic alterations in response to N-linked glycosylation inhibition in a drug-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line. FEBS J 2019; 286:1594-1605. [PMID: 30884134 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation inhibition can improve the efficacy of antitumor drugs and enhance the apoptosis of cancer cells, thus holding great potential for cancer treatment. Inhibition of N-glycosylation induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), and eventually triggers ER stress-related apoptosis. Unfortunately, the detailed timeline of these cell responses and protein expression alterations related to N-glycosylation inhibition is not explicit yet, and the pathways involved in different stages of N-glycosylation inhibition still need to be characterized. In this study, the dynamic proteome alterations related to N-glycosylation inhibition were investigated by further analyzing our previously published quantitative proteomics data from tunicamycin (TM)-treated ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-3) cells. The results revealed that N-glycosylation inhibition not only directly affects the expression of glycosylated proteins but also alters an extended scale of proteins. Functional annotation of these altered proteins demonstrated that proteins related to ER stress start changing within 6 h, followed by UPR within 24 h, and eventually ER stress-related apoptosis is triggered after 48 h, indicating the conversion of cellular response from positive to negative. The dynamic proteome data presented here provide important information for better understanding of the significance of N-glycosylation to cell survival and TM-related cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liuyi Dang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Punit Shah
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shisheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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25
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Pinto R, Assis J, Nogueira A, Pereira C, Coelho S, Brandão M, Dias J, Alves S, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Pharmacogenomics in epithelial ovarian cancer first-line treatment outcome: validation of GWAS-associated NRG3 rs1649942 and BRE rs7572644 variants in an independent cohort. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 19:25-32. [PMID: 30287910 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The identification of predictive biomarkers for the first-line treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains a challenge. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic polymorphisms as predictors of EOC clinical outcome, the subsequent validation has not yet been performed. This study aims to validate the influence of Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) rs1649942 and Brain and reproductive organ-expressed (TNFRSF1A modulator) (BRE) rs7572644 GWAS-identified variants in an independent cohort of EOC patients from the North region of Portugal (n = 339) submitted to first-line treatment. Polymorphism genotypes were determined by real-time PCR using validated assays. Patients carrying the NRG3 rs1649942 A allele presented a significantly longer overall survival (OS) when compared to GG-genotype patients (log-rank test, P = 0.011) in the FIGO IV stage subgroup. No impact was observed for early-stage patients or considering disease-free survival (DFS) as an outcome. For FIGO I/II stage patients, BRE rs7572644 C allele carriers exhibit a decreased OS (P = 0.014) and DFS (P = 0.032) when compared to TT-homozygous patients. Furthermore, a Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed a three-fold increase in the risk of death (HR, 3.09; P = 0.015) and recurrence (HR, 3.33; P = 0.009) for FIGO I/II C allele carriers. No significant impact was observed for late-stage patients. The BRE rs7572644 and NRG3 rs1649942 genetic variants were validated in an independent cohort of EOC Portuguese patients, particularly in specific subgroups considering FIGO staging. Further functional post-GWAS analyses are indispensable to understand the biological mechanisms underlying the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pinto
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Assis
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto Nogueira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Pereira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Coelho
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Brandão
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Dias
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Alves
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group-Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal. .,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal. .,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal. .,CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.
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26
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Brennan KM, Oh SY, Yiannikouris A, Graugnard DE, Karrow NA. Differential Gene Expression Analysis of Bovine Macrophages after Exposure to the Penicillium Mycotoxins Citrinin and/or Ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9110366. [PMID: 29137202 PMCID: PMC5705981 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins produced by fungal species commonly contaminate livestock feedstuffs, jeopardizing their health and diminishing production. Citrinin (CIT) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are mycotoxins produced by Penicillium spp. and commonly co-occur. Both CIT and OTA can modulate immune response by inhibiting cell proliferation and differentiation, altering cell metabolism, and triggering programmed cell death. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of sublethal exposure (i.e., the concentration that inhibited cell proliferation by 25% (IC25)) to CIT, OTA or CIT + OTA on the bovine macrophage transcriptome. Gene expression was determined using the Affymetrix Bovine Genome Array. After 6 h of exposure to CIT, OTA or CIT + OTA, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEG), respectively, was as follows: 1471 genes (822 up-regulated, 649 down-regulated), 5094 genes (2611 up-regulated, 2483 down-regulated) and 7624 genes (3984 up-regulated, 3640 down-regulated). Of these, 179 genes (88 up-regulated, 91 down-regulated) were commonly expressed between treatments. After 24 h of exposure to CIT, OTA or CIT + OTA the number of DEG, respectively, was as follows: 3230 genes (1631 up-regulated, 1599 down-regulated), 8558 genes (4167 up-regulated, 4391 down-regulated), and 10,927 genes (6284 up-regulated, 4643 down-regulated). Of these, 770 genes (247 up-regulated, 523 down-regulated) were commonly expressed between treatments. The categorization of common biological functions and pathway analysis suggests that the IC25 of both CIT and OTA, or their combination, induces cellular oxidative stress, a slowing of cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Collectively, these effects contribute to inhibiting bovine macrophage proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Brennan
- Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA.
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
| | - Alexandros Yiannikouris
- Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA.
| | - Daniel E Graugnard
- Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA.
| | - Niel A Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
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27
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The Transcriptional Network Structure of a Myeloid Cell: A Computational Approach. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:4858173. [PMID: 29119102 PMCID: PMC5651161 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4858173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the general principles underlying genetic regulation in eukaryotes is an incomplete and challenging endeavor. The lack of experimental information regarding the regulation of the whole set of transcription factors and their targets in different cell types is one of the main reasons to this incompleteness. So far, there is a small set of curated known interactions between transcription factors and their downstream genes. Here, we built a transcription factor network for human monocytic THP-1 myeloid cells based on the experimentally curated FANTOM4 database where nodes are genes and the experimental interactions correspond to links. We present the topological parameters which define the network as well as some global structural features and introduce a relative inuence parameter to quantify the relevance of a transcription factor in the context of induction of a phenotype. Genes like ZHX2, ADNP, or SMAD6 seem to be highly regulated to avoid an avalanche transcription event. We compare these results with those of RegulonDB, a highly curated transcriptional network for the prokaryotic organism E. coli, finding similarities between general hallmarks on both transcriptional programs. We believe that an approach, such as the one shown here, could help to understand the one regulation of transcription in eukaryotic cells.
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28
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Ge M, Luo Z, Qiao Z, Zhou Y, Cheng X, Geng Q, Cai Y, Wan P, Xiong Y, Liu F, Wu K, Liu Y, Wu J. HERP Binds TBK1 To Activate Innate Immunity and Repress Virus Replication in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3280-3292. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Main BJ, Rodgers KJ. Assessing the Combined Toxicity of BMAA and Its Isomers 2,4-DAB and AEG In Vitro Using Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurotox Res 2017. [PMID: 28634653 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The non-protein amino acid (NPAA) ß-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is produced by a diverse range of cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates, and is present in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems globally. Exposure to BMAA has been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). BMAA is often found in nature along with its structural isomers 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DAB) and aminoethylglycine (AEG); however, the toxicity of these NPAAs in combination has not been examined. We have previously demonstrated that BMAA induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and increases caspase and cathepsin activity in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y), effects consistent with proteotoxic stress due to disturbances in protein synthesis, folding or turnover. The current study investigates whether 2,4-DAB and AEG share a similar mechanism of toxicity to BMAA, and if simultaneous exposure of cells to BMAA and its isomers results in increased toxicity in vitro. We show that a 48-h treatment with both 500 μM BMAA and 2,4-DAB decreases cell viability in vitro whereas AEG was not cytotoxic under the same conditions. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with 2,4-DAB did not increase expression of ER stress markers. Combined treatment of cells with BMAA and 2,4-DAB resulted in increased caspase activity and increased apoptosis above that of BMAA or 2,4-DAB on their own. These results suggest that 2,4-DAB does not share the same mechanism of toxicity as BMAA but the presence of 2,4-DAB increases the toxicity of BMAA to human cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Main
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kenneth J Rodgers
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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30
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Varicella-Zoster Virus Infectious Cycle: ER Stress, Autophagic Flux, and Amphisome-Mediated Trafficking. Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5040067. [PMID: 27973418 PMCID: PMC5198167 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) induces abundant autophagy. Of the nine human herpesviruses, the VZV genome is the smallest (~124 kbp), lacking any known inhibitors of autophagy, such as the herpes simplex virus ICP34.5 neurovirulence gene. Therefore, this review assesses the evidence for VZV-induced cellular stress, endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), and autophagic flux during the VZV infectious cycle. Even though VZV is difficult to propagate in cell culture, the biosynthesis of the both N- and O-linked viral glycoproteins was found to be abundant. In turn, this biosynthesis provided evidence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including a greatly enlarged ER and a greatly diminished production of cellular glycoproteins. Other signs of ER stress following VZV infection included detection of the alternatively spliced higher-molecular-weight form of XBP1 as well as CHOP. VZV infection in cultured cells leads to abundant autophagosome production, as was visualized by the detection of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II). The degree of autophagy induced by VZV infection is comparable to that induced in uninfected cells by serum starvation. The inhibition of autophagic flux by chemicals such as 3-methyladenine or ATG5 siRNA, followed by diminished virus spread and titers, has been observed. Since the latter observation pointed to the virus assembly/trafficking compartments, we purified VZ virions by ultracentrifugation and examined the virion fraction for components of the autophagy pathway. We detected LC3-II protein (an autophagy marker) as well as Rab11 protein, a component of the endosomal pathway. We also observed that the virion-containing vesicles were single-walled; thus, they are not autophagosomes. These results suggested that some VZ virions after secondary envelopment were transported to the outer cell membrane in a vesicle derived from both the autophagy and endosomal pathways, such as an amphisome. Thus, these results demonstrate that herpesvirus trafficking pathways can converge with the autophagy pathway.
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31
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Zhou Y, Bennett TM, Shiels A. Lens ER-stress response during cataract development in Mip-mutant mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1433-42. [PMID: 27155571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Major intrinsic protein (MIP) is a functional water-channel (AQP0) that also plays a key role in establishing lens fiber cell architecture. Genetic variants of MIP have been associated with inherited and age-related forms of cataract; however, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. Here we have used lens transcriptome profiling by microarray-hybridization and qPCR to identify pathogenic changes during cataract development in Mip-mutant (Lop/+) mice. In postnatal Lop/+ lenses (P7) 99 genes were up-regulated and 75 were down-regulated (>2-fold, p=<0.05) when compared with wild-type. A pathway analysis of up-regulated genes in the Lop/+ lens (P7) was consistent with endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The most up-regulated UPR genes (>4-fold) in the Lop/+ lens included Chac1>Ddit3>Atf3>Trib3>Xbp1 and the most down-regulated genes (>5-fold) included two anti-oxidant genes, Hspb1 and Hmox1. Lop/+ lenses were further characterized by abundant TUNEL-positive nuclei within central degenerating fiber cells, glutathione depletion, free-radical overproduction, and calpain hyper-activation. These data suggest that Lop/+ lenses undergo proteotoxic ER-stress induced cell-death resulting from prolonged activation of the Eif2ak3/Perk-Atf4-Ddit3-Chac1 branch of the UPR coupled with severe oxidative-stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas M Bennett
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alan Shiels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Kim HM, Han JW, Chan JY. Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2 Like 1 (NFE2L1): Structure, function and regulation. Gene 2016; 584:17-25. [PMID: 26947393 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nrf1 (also referred to as NFE2L1) is a member of the CNC-bZIP family of transcription factors that are characterized by a highly conserved CNC-domain, and a basic-leucine zipper domain required for dimerization and DNA binding. Nrf1 is ubiquitously expressed across tissue and cell types as various isoforms, and is induced by stress signals from a broad spectrum of stimuli. Evidence indicates that Nrf1 plays an important role in regulating a range of cellular functions including oxidative stress response, differentiation, inflammatory response, metabolism, and maintaining proteostasis. Thus, Nrf1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various disease processes including cancer development, and degenerative and metabolic disorders. This review summarizes our current understanding of Nrf1 and the molecular mechanism underlying its regulation and action in different cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jefferson Y Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Changing gears in Nrf1 research, from mechanisms of regulation to its role in disease and prevention. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:1260-76. [PMID: 26254094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The "cap'n'collar" bZIP transcription factor Nrf1 heterodimerizes with small Maf proteins to bind to the Antioxidant Response Element/Electrophile Response Element to transactivate antioxidant enzyme, phase 2 detoxification enzyme and proteasome subunit gene expression. Nrf1 specifically regulates pathways in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, proteasomal degradation, the citric acid cycle, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Nrf1 is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in an inactive glycosylated state. Activation involves retrotranslocation from the ER lumen to the cytoplasm, deglycosylation and partial proteolytic processing to generate the active forms of Nrf1. Recent evidence has revealed how this factor is regulated and its involvement in various metabolic diseases. This review outlines Nrf1 structure, function, regulation and its links to insulin resistance, diabetes and inflammation. The glycosylation/deglycosylation of Nrf1 is controlled by glucose levels. Nrf1 glycosylation affects its control of glucose transport, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism.
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