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Misra S, Gada J, Dhole C, Varthakavi P, Bhagwat N. Comparative Study of Insulin Sensitivity and Resistance and Their Correlation with Androgens in Lean and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:754-763. [PMID: 37848646 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of consensus on the optimal screening strategy for insulin resistance (IR), particularly in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study in 80 women with PCOS (28 lean/52 obese) and 80 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Using a 5-point 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 min), we examined glucose and insulin excursions, IR, insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function (ßF), and the effect of androgens on IR. Lean and obese women with PCOS had similar glucose but higher insulin (except fasting in lean women) and insulin AUC as compared to their respective controls (p < 0.05). Lean women with PCOS were equally insulin-resistant but more hyperinsulinemic than the obese controls (p < 0.05). Although ßF ([1st phase: 481.71 ± 263.53 vs. 430.56 ± 232.37], [2nd phase: 815.16 ± 447.12 vs. 752.66 ± 428.95]) was comparable in lean and obese women with PCOS, lean women had better insulin sensitivity (112.78 ± 66.26 vs. 75.49 ± 55.6) (p < 0.05). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and androstenedione decreased with increasing BMI in lean women, and this correlated with deteriorating insulin sensitivity and exaggerated hyperinsulinemia. In obese women with PCOS, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) correlated negatively with BMI and hyperinsulinemia, and positively with insulin sensitivity. This data suggests that estimating only fasting insulin may miss IR in lean women with PCOS; hence, additional time points in OGTT will add value to screening for IR. DHEAS and androstenedione may have a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity and may be used to screen IR in lean women, while SHBG can be used as a predictive marker for IR in obese women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukirti Misra
- Department of Endocrinology, College Building, Topiwala National Medical College and Bai Yamunabai Laxman (BYL) Nair Charitable Hospital, A.L. Nair Road, Room No. 419, 4Th Floor, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400008, India
| | - Jugal Gada
- Department of Endocrinology, College Building, Topiwala National Medical College and Bai Yamunabai Laxman (BYL) Nair Charitable Hospital, A.L. Nair Road, Room No. 419, 4Th Floor, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400008, India.
| | - Charushila Dhole
- Department of Endocrinology, College Building, Topiwala National Medical College and Bai Yamunabai Laxman (BYL) Nair Charitable Hospital, A.L. Nair Road, Room No. 419, 4Th Floor, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400008, India
| | - Premlata Varthakavi
- Department of Endocrinology, College Building, Topiwala National Medical College and Bai Yamunabai Laxman (BYL) Nair Charitable Hospital, A.L. Nair Road, Room No. 419, 4Th Floor, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400008, India
| | - Nikhil Bhagwat
- Department of Endocrinology, College Building, Topiwala National Medical College and Bai Yamunabai Laxman (BYL) Nair Charitable Hospital, A.L. Nair Road, Room No. 419, 4Th Floor, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400008, India
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Hazrati P, Ramezani M, Ahmadimoghaddam D, Asl SS, Artimani T. The effects of AdipoRon on cytochrome P450-related gene expression, acute steroidogenic regulatory protein, and structure of ovary in polycystic ovary syndrome model. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:2453-2461. [PMID: 37668858 PMCID: PMC10504226 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the most common causes of infertility in adult women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) which has been identified with symptoms such as chronic hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Adiponectin modulates steroidogenesis and the expression of ovulation-related genes. Herein, we assessed the effect of AdipoRon (adiponectin agonist) in the PCOS model mice. METHODS The PCOS model was induced with letrozole in the adult female mice and the animals received intraperitoneal injection of AdipoRon (5 mg/kg) for 10 days. Expression of CYP11A, CYP17A, and CYP19A genes, StAR protein, and histomorphology of the ovary were evaluated using real-time RT-PCR, western blotting, and histochemistry methods, respectively. RESULTS Although administration of letrozole caused an increase in the expression of CYP11A, CYP17A, and StAR and a decrease in the CYP19A1 expression, injection of AdipoRon reversed these changes. Moreover, AdipoRon treatment resulted in an improvement of folliculogenesis and a reduction of cysts compared to the letrozole-treated mice. CONCLUSION It is likely that AdipoRon has protective effects on the PCOS through modulation of cytochrome P450-related genes and steroidogenesis but needs further study to be sure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Hazrati
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ramezani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Davoud Ahmadimoghaddam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Tayebe Artimani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Fontes AFS, Reis FM, Cândido AL, Gomes KB, Tosatti JAG. Influence of metformin on hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:445-460. [PMID: 36763111 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarize the effects of metformin treatment on markers of hyperandrogenism in patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS A systematic review, with meta-analysis, of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials that evaluated the effects of metformin treatment in adult patients with PCOS on the levels of hyperandrogenism markers was conducted. The literature search, data extraction, risk of bias, and the assessment of certainty of evidence were performed independently by two reviewers using a structured form. The results were combined by applying the random effect, and the effect measure presented as a standardized mean difference (SMD). Significant values were considered as p < 0.05 with 95% CI. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were performed in order to explore possible heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS Were included 18 studies in the quantitative evaluation and 17 studies (23 reports) in the quantitative evaluation. A significant reduction in total testosterone levels was seen in the metformin-treated group when compared to the control group after combining the results by the sensitivity analysis [SMD: - 0.46 (95% CI: - 0.89 to - 0.02)]. Therefore, FAI values were also regulated by metformin treatment. CONCLUSION We showed that metformin proved to be effective in reducing total testosterone levels, and the same was observed for free androgen index (FAI) values-a measure influenced by testosterone levels. The protocol of this study was registered at Prospero (CRD42021235761).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana F S Fontes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses - Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Professor Alfredo Balena Avenue, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Cândido
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Professor Alfredo Balena Avenue, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina B Gomes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses - Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica A G Tosatti
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses - Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Abruzzese GA, Silva AF, Velazquez ME, Ferrer MJ, Motta AB. Hyperandrogenism and Polycystic ovary syndrome: Effects in pregnancy and offspring development. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1558. [PMID: 35475329 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the major endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. Its etiology remains unclear. It is suggested that environmental factors, and particularly the intrauterine environment, play key roles in PCOS development. Besides the role of androgens in PCOS pathogenesis, exposure to endocrine disruptors, as is Bisphenol A, could also contribute to its development. Although PCOS is considered one of the leading causes of ovarian infertility, many PCOS patients can get pregnant. Some of them by natural conception and others by assisted reproductive technique treatments. As hyperandrogenism (one of PCOS main features) affects ovarian and uterine functions, PCOS women, despite reaching pregnancy, could present high-risk pregnancies, including implantation failure, an increased risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Moreover, hyperandrogenism may also be maintained in these women during pregnancy. Therefore, as an altered uterine milieu, including hormonal imbalance, could affect the developing organisms, monitoring these patients throughout pregnancy and their offspring development is highly relevant. The present review focuses on the impact of androgenism and PCOS on fertility issues and pregnancy-related outcomes and offspring development. The evidence suggests that the increased risk of pregnancy complications and adverse offspring outcomes of PCOS women would be due to the factors involved in the syndrome pathogenesis and the related co-morbidities. A better understanding of the involved mechanisms is still needed and could contribute to a better management of these women and their offspring. This article is categorized under: Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Reproductive System Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle A Abruzzese
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aimé F Silva
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela E Velazquez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria-José Ferrer
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia B Motta
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Medeiros SFD, Barbosa BB, Medeiros MASD, Yamamoto AKLW, Yamamoto MMW. Adrenal Androgen Predictive Effects on Clinical and Metabolic Abnormalities of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA : REVISTA DA FEDERACAO BRASILEIRA DAS SOCIEDADES DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA 2022; 44:142-153. [PMID: 35213912 PMCID: PMC9948267 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the possible effects of adrenal prohormones in the prediction of clinical and metabolic abnormalities in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS The present study enrolled 299 normal cycling non-PCOS, 156 normoandrogenemic, and 474 hyperandrogenemic women with PCOS. Baseline characteristics were compared using a chi-squared test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) as appropriate. The roles of adrenal prohormones and their ratios with total testosterone in predicting co-occurring morbidities in women PCOS were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Adrenal hyperandrogenism per dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were found in 32% of women with PCOS. In non-PCOS women, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate had no predictive role concerning clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters. In PCOS women, mainly in the hyperandrogenemic group, DHEA showed to be a significant predictor against most anthropometric-metabolic index abnormalities (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36-0.97; p < 0.05), and an increase in triglycerides (TG) levels (OR = 0.76; p = 0.006). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate presented a few predictive effects regarding PCOS-associated disorders. In controls, DHEAS predicted against the increase in estimated average glucose (OR= 0.38; p = 0.036). In the normoandrogenic group, it predicted against elevation in the waist/hip ratio (WHR) (OR= 0.59; p = 0.042), and in hyperandrogenemic PCOS women, it predicted against abnormality in the conicity index (CI) (OR = 0.31; p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Dehydroepiandrosterone was shown to be a better predictor of abnormal anthropometric and biochemical parameters in women with PCOS than DHEAS. Thus, regarding adrenal prohormones, DHEA measurement, instead of DHEAS, should be preferred in PCOS management. The effects of androgen prohormones on the prediction of PCOS abnormalities are weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.,Instituto Tropical de Medicina Reprodutiva, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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Chatzakis C, Tsakmaki E, Psomiadou A, Charitakis N, Eleftheriades M, Dinas K, Goulis D, Sotiriadis A. Different pregnancy outcomes according to the polycystic ovary syndrome diagnostic criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 79 studies. Fertil Steril 2022; 117:854-881. [PMID: 35120743 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate the distinct diagnostic criteria of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with the development of maternal and neonatal complications. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Pregnant women with PCOS. INTERVENTION(S) Maternal and neonatal complications were compared among women with PCOS diagnosed with different criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The primary outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia (PE) were assessed for every diagnostic criterion. RESULT(S) Seventy-nine studies were included. Regarding gestational diabetes, the overall pooled prevalence was 14% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11%-18%; I2, 97%), reaching the highest level when polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound and 1 of the remaining 2 Rotterdam criteria (1/2 Rotterdam criteria) were used (18%; 95% CI, 13%-24%; I2, 20%) and the lowest when polycystic morphology on ultrasound and hyperandrogenism were used (3%; 95% CI, 0%-19%; I2, not applicable). Regarding PE, the overall pooled prevalence was 5% (95% CI, 4%-7%; I2, 82%). The highest PE prevalence was reported when the National Institutes of Health criteria were used (14%; 95% CI, 5%-33%; I2, 90%) and the lowest when menstrual irregularities and 1 of the 2 Rotterdam criteria were used (2%; 95% CI, 1%-3%; I2, not applicable). CONCLUSION(S) The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women with PCOS does not differ according to the criteria used; however, women diagnosed with PCOS per the National Institutes of Health criteria are at higher risk of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Chatzakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tsakmaki
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Psomiadou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Charitakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Makarios Eleftheriades
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aretaeio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens-Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Sotiriadis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Livadas S, Anagnostis P, Bosdou JK, Bantouna D, Paparodis R. Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A state-of-the-art review. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:5-26. [PMID: 35070056 PMCID: PMC8771268 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often coexists with a wide spectrum of dysglycemic conditions, ranging from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which occur to a greater extent compared to healthy body mass index-matched women. This concurrence of disorders is mainly attributed to common pathogenetic pathways linking the two entities, such as insulin resistance. However, due to methodological flaws in the available studies and the multifaceted nature of the syndrome, there has been substantial controversy as to the exact association between T2D and PCOS which has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this review is to present the best available evidence regarding the epidemiology of dysglycemia in PCOS, the unique pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the progression of dysglycemia, the most appropriate methods for assessing glycemic status and the risk factors for T2D development in this population, as well as T2D risk after transition to menopause. Proposals for application of a holistic approach to enable optimal management of T2D risk in PCOS are also provided. Specifically, adoption of a healthy lifestyle with adherence to improved dietary patterns, such the Mediterranean diet, avoidance of consumption of endocrine-disrupting foods and beverages, regular exercise, and the effect of certain medications, such as metformin and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, are discussed. Furthermore, the maintenance of a healthy weight is highlighted as a key factor in achievement of a significant reduction of T2D risk in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Julia K Bosdou
- Unit for Human Reproduction, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Dimitra Bantouna
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras 10563, Greece
| | - Rodis Paparodis
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 23456, United States
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de Medeiros SF, Barbosa BB, de Medeiros AKLWY, de Medeiros MAS, Yamamoto MMW. Differential Effects of Various Androgens on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Horm Metab Res 2021; 53:341-349. [PMID: 33878788 DOI: 10.1055/a-1422-3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with the risk for the future development of the cardiovascular disease. The objective of the study is to verify whether different androgens have the same harmful effect. This cross-sectional study enrolled 823 women with PCOS: 627 (76.2%) with biochemical hyperandrogenism and 196 (23.8%) with normal androgen levels. The role of individual androgen was evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. In normoandrogenemic PCOS (NA-PCOS), free androgen index (FAI) predicted significant abnormality in visceral adipose index (VAI, OR=9.2, p=0.002) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) predicted against alteration in β-cell function (OR=0.5, p=0.007). In hyperandrogenemic PCOS (HA-PCOS), FAI predicted derangements in waist triglyceride index (WTI), VAI, and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (OR ranging from 1.6 to 5.8, p<0.05). DHEA weakly predicted against VAI (OR 0.7, p=0.018), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) tended to predict against the conicity index (OR=0.7, p=0.037). After multiple regression, FAI retained significant strength to predict various anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities (OR ranging from 1.1 to 3.0, p<0.01), DHEA was kept as a protector factor against WTI, LAP, and VAI (OR ranging from 0.6 to 0.9; p<0.01) and DHEAS against the conicity index (OR=0.5, p<0.001). In conclusion, the free androgen index was the most powerful predictor of anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities of polycystic ovary syndrome. Conversely, DHEA and DHEAS demonstrated protective effects against disorders in some markers of obesity and abnormal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
- Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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Changes in Metabolic Profile in the Women with a History of PCOS-A Long-Term Follow-Up Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103367. [PMID: 33092301 PMCID: PMC7589958 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Data concerning metabolic consequences in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are delivered mainly by cross-sectional studies. In this research, we re-examined 31 Caucasian PCOS women after a median period of 120.9 months to evaluate the changes in metabolic syndrome components. Clinical examination, oral glucose tolerance test with estimations of glucose and insulin, lipids, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and sex hormones assessments were performed on two occasions. Additionally, the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique was used at the baseline to assess insulin sensitivity (M-clamp value). In the end, the median age of participants was 35. We observed an increase in glucose concentrations, a decrease in insulin concentrations and no changes in insulin resistance markers. Final mean glucose, mean insulin, Matsuda index and body mass index (BMI) were correlated with baseline M-clamp value and SHBG (p < 0.01). During the follow-up, no one in the sample developed diabetes. The annualised incidence rate for conversion from normoglycaemia to prediabetes totalled 4.5%. Baseline BMI, free androgen index, fasting glucose and M-clamp value were identified as prediabetes predictors in young PCOS women (respectively, OR = 1.17, OR = 1.42, OR = 1.2, OR = 0.73, p < 0.05). Prediabetes appeared in 76.47% of the women with a final BMI of ≥ 25 kg/m2 and in 7.14% of the normal-weight women (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, we report a high rate of adverse change in glucose metabolism in overweight and obese participants, a deterioration in β-cell function and strong correlations between metabolic parameters assessed in the third and the fourth decade in PCOS women, emphasising the role of early intervention to prevent cardiometabolic diseases.
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Nanocurcumin alleviates insulin resistance and pancreatic deficits in polycystic ovary syndrome rats: Insights on PI3K/AkT/mTOR and TNF-α modulations. Life Sci 2020; 256:118003. [PMID: 32589998 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine disorder affecting females. Mechanisms underlying PCOS complicated pathology remain largely unknown, making current treatment only symptomatic. Increasing reports suggest impaired PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels are involved in cellular proliferation and metabolism-related disorders. However, rare data explored their role in PCOS. Hence, this study investigated TNF-α and pancreatic PI3K/AKT/mTOR levels in PCOS animal model and evaluated their effects on developed pancreatic deficits. Secondly; we explored the impact of nanocurcumin as powerful anti-inflammatory supplement against these developed pancreatic pathologies. METHODS PCOS was induced in rats using letrozole. Nanocurcumin was formulated to increase solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential and Infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for characterization. Nanocurcumin was orally ingested for 15 days. FINDINGS PCOS group exhibited significant disturbance in sex hormones, oxidative stress markers, and TNF-α levels as determined by immunoassay. Western blotting revealed significant reduction of PI3K/AKT/mTOR levels leading to impaired insulin sensitivity, decreased β cells function and mass as confirmed by HOMA assessments and immunohistochemistry. Nanocurcumin significantly improved oxidative markers, glucose indices and TNF-α levels. It reinstated PI3K/AKT/mTOR levels, alleviated insulin resistance, and retained islets integrity consequently restoring normal sex hormonal levels. SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, the study is the first to report pancreatic role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TNF-α in PCOS and the first to demonstrate nanocurcumin promising potential against PCOS-related pancreatic molecular and histological pathologies that can indeed offer better control of the disease.
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Nadir A, Temizkan S, Ozderya A, Temizkan O, Orbay E, Aydin K. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate/free androgen index ratio predicts a favorable metabolic profile in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:128-132. [PMID: 30324855 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1505843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Potential effect of hyperandrogenemia on metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has always been a matter of interest. We analyzed the records of 125 patients with PCOS and 54 age-matched healthy women. All participants underwent biochemical and hormonal assessment and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed. PCOS and control groups were comparable in terms of age. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate/free androgen index (DHEAS/FAI) ratio was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p < .001), fasting glucose (p = .02), area under the curve (AUC) of glucose (p = .03), AUC of insulin (p = .001), homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p < .001), and triglycerides (TG) (p = .009), and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity index (ISI) (p < .001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < .001) among PCOS patients. In logistic regression analysis, higher DHEAS/FAI ratio levels were associated with lower risk of low HDL-C [RR(95%CI); 0.97(0.95-0.98); p < .001] as well as atherogenic dyslipidemia (TG/HDL-C) [RR(95%CI); 0.97(0.94-0.99); p = .035] even after adjustment for BMI in the PCOS group. Androgens, DHEAS and FAI act differently on metabolic parameters. Our results demonstrate that high DHEA-S/FAI ratio levels are associated with a more favorable metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Nadir
- a Department of Family Medicine , University of Medical Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sule Temizkan
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , University of Medical Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Aysenur Ozderya
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , University of Medical Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Osman Temizkan
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Acibadem University Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ekrem Orbay
- a Department of Family Medicine , University of Medical Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Kadriye Aydin
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , University of Medical Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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Jena D, Choudhury AK, Mangaraj S, Singh M, Mohanty BK, Baliarsinha AK. Study of Visceral and Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat Thickness and Its Correlation with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Hormonal Parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 22:321-327. [PMID: 30090722 PMCID: PMC6063187 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_646_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to compare the different adiposity parameters, namely visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls. In addition, it aimed to correlate these adiposity indices with hormonal parameters as well as cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in patients with PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Newly diagnosed PCOS patients of reproductive age group according to Rotterdam criteria were included. Age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy females with normal menstrual cycles were taken as controls. All the study participants underwent detailed clinical, biochemical, and hormonal evaluation. Transabdominal ultrasound (US) was performed for detailed ovary imaging and assessment of adiposity (SAT and VAT) parameters. RESULTS A total of 58 PCOS patients and 40 age- and BMI-matched controls were included. PCOS patients had significantly higher levels of androgens (P < 0.001), elevated highly sensitive C-reactive protein (P = 0.007), and higher degree of insulin resistance (P < 0.001) than controls. PCOS patients had a mean SAT of 2.37 ± 0.7 cm and mean VAT of 8.65 ± 1.78 cm. These parameters were significantly higher than controls who had a mean SAT of 2.01 ± 0.7 cm (P = 0.014) and mean VAT of 7.4 ± 1.89 cm (P = 0.003), despite both groups having similar BMI. Among PCOS cohort, VAT correlated positively with total testosterone (r = 0.295, P = 0.025) and negatively with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (r = -0.210, P = 0.114). However, no significant correlation was observed between SAT and androgens in PCOS group. CONCLUSION PCOS patients, whether obese or nonobese, had elevated visceral adiposity than controls. VAT correlated positively with adverse CV risk factors and testosterone in PCOS patients. Hence, a simple and inexpensive ultrasonography screening of visceral fat may identify women who have adverse metabolic profile and enhanced CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarchan Jena
- Department of Endocrinology, S.C.B Medical College, Cuttack, India
| | | | | | - Mamata Singh
- Department of Radiology, S.C.B Medical College, Cuttack, India
| | - Binoy Kumar Mohanty
- Department of Endocrinology, M.K.C.G Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India
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Pugeat M, Plotton I, de la Perrière AB, Raverot G, Déchaud H, Raverot V. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE Hyperandrogenic states in women: pitfalls in laboratory diagnosis. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:R141-R154. [PMID: 29453202 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Measuring total testosterone level is the first-line approach in assessing androgen excess in women. The main pitfalls in measuring testosterone relate to its low concentration and to the structural similarity between circulating androgens and testosterone, requiring accurate techniques with high specificity and sensitivity. These goals can be achieved by immunoassay using a specific anti-testosterone monoclonal antibody, ideally after an extraction step. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) will be commonly used for measuring testosterone, providing optimal accuracy with a low limit of detection. Yet, the pitfalls of these two techniques are well identified and must be recognized and systematically addressed. In general, laboratories using direct testosterone immunoassay and mass spectrometry need to operate within a quality framework and be actively engaged in external quality control processes and standardization, so as to ensure appropriate interpretation irrespective of the particular laboratory. Circulating testosterone is strongly bound to sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and SHBG levels are typically low in overweight hyperandrogenic patients. Thus, low SHBG may decrease circulating testosterone to normal values, which will mask androgen excess status. One way to avoid this pitfall, awaiting direct free testosterone assays that are yet to be developed, is to measure SHBG and calculate free testosterone. A few other pitfalls will be discussed in this review, including those of adrenal androgen exploration, with the aim of helping clinicians to better handle laboratory investigation of androgen excess disorders in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Pugeat
- Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1060 Institut CarMen, Lyon, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Hormonologie, d'Endocrinologie Moléculaire et des Maladies Rares, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | | | - Gérald Raverot
- Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Henri Déchaud
- Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Raverot
- Laboratoire d'Hormonologie, d'Endocrinologie Moléculaire et des Maladies Rares, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Patlolla S, Vaikkakara S, Sachan A, Venkatanarasu A, Bachimanchi B, Bitla A, Settipalli S, Pathiputturu S, Sugali RN, Chiri S. Heterogenous origins of hyperandrogenism in the polycystic ovary syndrome in relation to body mass index and insulin resistance. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:238-242. [PMID: 29068242 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1393062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance and obesity are not universal features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We planned to assess the differences between patients with nonobese /insulin-sensitive phenotype vs. obese/ insulin-resistant phenotype in terms of the potential mechanisms underlying their hyperandrogenism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 52 women satisfying Androgen Excess Society (AES) criteria were included. Hormonal and metabolic profile including prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), free testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured in follicular phase. RESULTS DHEAS was found to be higher in the nonobese patients as compared to the obese (p = 0.01). There was also a strong trend for a higher DHEAS among patients with lower insulin resistance by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR< 2.3) (p = .06).While the total testosterone (p = .044) and SHBG (p = .007) were found to be lower in the more insulin-resistant group (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.3), the free testosterone levels were similar. However, the percentage of free testosterone was higher in the more insulin-resistant group (p = .005). CONCLUSIONS The hyperandrogenic state in PCOS appears to have heterogenous origins. Nonobese patients with PCOS have adrenal hyperandrogenism as the underlying mechanism while their obese/ insulin-resistant counterparts have low SHBG and hence an increased fraction of free testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Patlolla
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati , India
| | - Suresh Vaikkakara
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati , India
| | - Alok Sachan
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati , India
| | - Ashok Venkatanarasu
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati , India
| | - Bharath Bachimanchi
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati , India
| | - Aparna Bitla
- b Department of Biochemistry , Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati , India
| | - Sarala Settipalli
- c Department of Radiology , Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati , India
| | - Sumathi Pathiputturu
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati , India
| | - Roopa Naik Sugali
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati , India
| | - Sravani Chiri
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati , India
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15
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Lewandowski KC, Płusajska J, Horzelski W, Bieniek E, Lewiński A. Limitations of insulin resistance assessment in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:403-412. [PMID: 29436386 PMCID: PMC5834769 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though insulin resistance (IR) is common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), there is no agreement as to what surrogate method of assessment of IR is most reliable. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In 478 women with PCOS, we compared methods based on fasting insulin and either fasting glucose (HOMA-IR and QUICKI) or triglycerides (McAuley Index) with IR indices derived from glucose and insulin during OGTT (Belfiore, Matsuda and Stumvoll indices). RESULTS There was a strong correlation between IR indices derived from fasting values HOMA-IR/QUICKI, r = -0.999, HOMA-IR/McAuley index, r = -0.849 and between all OGTT-derived IR indices (e.g. r = -0.876, for IRI/Matsuda, r = -0.808, for IRI/Stumvoll, and r = 0.947, for Matsuda/Stumvoll index, P < 0.001 for all), contrasting with a significant (P < 0.001), but highly variable correlation between IR indices derived from fasting vs OGTT-derived variables, ranging from r = -0.881 (HOMA-IR/Matsuda), through r = 0.58, or r = -0.58 (IRI/HOMA-IR, IRI/QUICKI, respectively) to r = 0.41 (QUICKI/Stumvoll), and r = 0.386 for QUICKI/Matsuda indices. Detailed comparison between HOMA-IR and IRI revealed that concordance between HOMA and IRI was poor for HOMA-IR/IRI values above 75th and 90th percentile. For instance, only 53% (70/132) women with HOMA-IR >75th percentile had IRI value also above 75th percentile. There was a significant, but weak correlation of all IR indices with testosterone concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Significant number of women with PCOS can be classified as being either insulin sensitive or insulin resistant depending on the method applied, as correlation between various IR indices is highly variable. Clinical application of surrogate indices for assessment of IR in PCOS must be therefore viewed with an extreme caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof C Lewandowski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesMedical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research InstituteLodz, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Horzelski
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer ScienceUniversity of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Bieniek
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research InstituteLodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesMedical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research InstituteLodz, Poland
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Kazemi Jaliseh H, Ramezani Tehrani F, Behboudi-Gandevani S, Hosseinpanah F, Khalili D, Cheraghi L, Azizi F. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a risk factor for diabetes and prediabetes in middle-aged but not elderly women: a long-term population-based follow-up study. Fertil Steril 2017; 108:1078-1084. [PMID: 29202960 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the incidence rate and hazard ratios of diabetes and prediabetes between women with PCOS and healthy subjects. DESIGN Prospective population-based study. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Women with PCOS (n = 178) and eumenorrheic, nonhirsute, healthy women as controls (n = 1,524), all followed for a median time of 12.9 years. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Incidence rate and hazard ratios of diabetes and prediabetes between women with PCOS and healthy controls. RESULT(S) We analyzed the participants on two pathways. First, for detecting new diabetes mellitus (DM) events, we selected participants who were free of DM at baseline (n = 39). Second, for detecting new pre-DM events, we selected participants who were free of pre-DM and DM at baseline (n = 222) from the baseline population. The rest of the population were included for final analysis to calculate the incidence rates and hazard ratio of diabetes and prediabetes events. The incidence rates of diabetes were 12.9 and 4.9 per 1,000 person-years for PCOS and controls, respectively. This incidence rate in women younger than 40 with and without PCOS was 13.4 and 4.2, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for women ≤40 was 4.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-9.3). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups studied after age 40. The incidence rates of prediabetes were 29.7 and 25.9 per 1,000 person-years for PCOS and healthy women, respectively. The incidence rate in women younger than 40 with and without PCOS was 30.3 and 23.9, respectively. The adjusted HR for women ≤40 years, 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1-2.6), disappeared after age 40. CONCLUSION(S) These data suggest that routine screening for diabetes in prevention strategies does not need to be emphasized for PCOS patients at late reproductive ages if they have not been affected by glucose intolerance up to that point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadighe Kazemi Jaliseh
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samira Behboudi-Gandevani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Prevention of Metabolic Disorders research center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Cheraghi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Paschou SA, Palioura E, Ioannidis D, Anagnostis P, Panagiotakou A, Loi V, Karageorgos G, Goulis DG, Vryonidou A. Adrenal hyperandrogenism does not deteriorate insulin resistance and lipid profile in women with PCOS. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:601-606. [PMID: 28912337 PMCID: PMC5640571 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of adrenal hyperandrogenism on insulin resistance and lipid profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 372 women with PCOS according to the NIH criteria. 232 age- and BMI-matched women served as controls in order to define adrenal hyperandrogenism (DHEA-S >95th percentile). Then, patients with PCOS were classified into two groups: with adrenal hyperandrogenism (PCOS-AH, n = 108) and without adrenal hyperandrogenism (PCOS-NAH, n = 264). Anthropometric measurements were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipid profile, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and androgen (TT, Δ4A, DHEA-S) concentrations were assessed. Free androgen index (FAI) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were calculated. RESULTS Women with PCOS-AH were younger than PCOS-NAH (P < 0.001), but did not differ in the degree and type of obesity. No differences were found in HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and triglyceride concentrations (in all comparisons, P > 0.05). These metabolic parameters did not differ between the two groups even after correction for age. Women with PCOS-AH had lower SHBG (29.2 ± 13.8 vs 32.4 ± 11.8 nmol/L, P = 0.025) and higher TT (1.0 ± 0.2 vs 0.8 ± 0.4 ng/mL, P = 0.05) and Δ4A (3.9 ± 1.2 vs 3.4 ± 1.0 ng/mL, P = 0.007) concentrations, as well as FAI (14.1 ± 8.0 vs 10.2 ± 5.0, P < 0.001). These results were confirmed by a multiple regression analysis model in which adrenal hyperandrogenism was negatively associated with age (P < 0.001) and SHBG concentrations (P = 0.02), but not with any metabolic parameter. CONCLUSIONS Women with PCOS and adrenal hyperandrogenism do not exhibit any deterioration in insulin resistance and lipid profile despite the higher degree of total androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula A Paschou
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesHellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Palioura
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesHellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ioannidis
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesSismanoglio-Amalia Fleming Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Unit of Reproductive EndocrinologyFirst Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Argyro Panagiotakou
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesSismanoglio-Amalia Fleming Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Loi
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesHellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Karageorgos
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesSismanoglio-Amalia Fleming Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive EndocrinologyFirst Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andromachi Vryonidou
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesHellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
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18
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Al Nofal A, Viers LD, Javed A. Can the source of hyperandrogenism in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome predict metabolic phenotype? Gynecol Endocrinol 2017. [PMID: 28649885 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1342236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated an association between adrenal hyperandrogenism, as determined by dehydroepiandrostenedione-to-free testosterone (DHEA-S/FT) ratio, and metabolic phenotype in obese and lean adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We compared 64 overweight/obese adolescents with PCOS (PCOS-O) with 18 lean (PCOS-L) adolescents. We analyzed the association between DHEA-S/FT ratios and metabolic parameters. Patients in the PCOS-O group were younger (median [interquartile range]) than those in the PCOS-L group (15 [15-17] vs. 16 [16-17] years; p = .04). The median DHEA-S/FT ratio and total testosterone concentrations did not differ. However, androstenedione concentrations were higher in the PCOS-L group (p = .02) and free testosterone levels lower in the PCOS-L group compared with the PCOS-O group (p = .02). Insulin resistance was present in 30 of 64 (46.9%) adolescents with PCOS-O compared with 1 of 18 (5.6%) with PCOS-L (p = .001). A significant negative correlation between DHEA-S/FT ratios and insulin concentrations in PCOS-O (p = .03) and PCOS-L (p = .04) groups was noted. In the PCOS-O group, the DHEA-S/FT ratio was negatively associated with serum triglyceride (p = .03) and total cholesterol concentrations (p = .02). We conclude that in adolescents with PCOS, a higher ratio of adrenal to ovarian androgens, signified by DHEA-S/FT, may be associated with a more favorable metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lyndsay D Viers
- b Department of Radiology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Asma Javed
- c Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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19
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Christodoulaki C, Trakakis E, Pergialiotis V, Panagopoulos P, Chrelias C, Kassanos D, Sioutis D, Papantoniou N, Xirofotos D. Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulfate, Insulin Resistance and Ovarian Volume Estimation in Patients With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. J Family Reprod Health 2017; 11:24-29. [PMID: 29114265 PMCID: PMC5664986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the potential association of DHEA-S with metabolic and hormonal alterations and with disorders of ovarian morphology. Materials and methods: The present study was based on women with PCOS that attended the Gynaecological Endocrinology - Paediatric and Adolescence Endocrinology Department of our clinic. Overall, 321 patients who met the Rotterdam ESHRE/ ASRM - Sponsored criteria for the definition of PCOS were included. Women's personal medical history was recorded, anthropometric parameters were assessed and blood was drawn for analysis of metabolic and hormonal parameters. A gynaecological ultrasound was also performed to evaluate ovarian morphology. Results: Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation of DHEA-S with the mean volume of the right and left ovary and with the maximum volume of the largest ovary. This finding remained significant after adjusting for age and BMI (β ± SE = -0.39 ± 0.17, p = 0.023 in the case of mean ovarian volume and β ± SE = -0.36 ± 0.17, p = 0.032 in the case of the maximum volume of the maximum ovarian volume). Conclusion: The findings of our study reveal a clear negative association of DHEA-S with ovarian volume. To date, however, current evidence in this field are restricted to experimental animal models. Future clinical studies are needed in this field to corroborate our findings.
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20
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Lizneva D, Gavrilova-Jordan L, Walker W, Azziz R. Androgen excess: Investigations and management. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 37:98-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Layegh P, Mousavi Z, Farrokh Tehrani D, Parizadeh SMR, Khajedaluee M. Insulin resistance and endocrine-metabolic abnormalities in polycystic ovarian syndrome: Comparison between obese and non-obese PCOS patients. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.14.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Layegh P, Mousavi Z, Farrokh Tehrani D, Parizadeh SMR, Khajedaluee M. Insulin resistance and endocrine-metabolic abnormalities in polycystic ovarian syndrome: Comparison between obese and non-obese PCOS patients. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016; 14:263-70. [PMID: 27351028 PMCID: PMC4918775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance has an important role in pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Yet there are certain controversies regarding the presence of insulin resistance in non-obese patients. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare the insulin resistance and various endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in obese and non-obese PCOS women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study which was performed from 2007-2010, 115 PCOS patients, aged 16-45 years were enrolled. Seventy patients were obese (BMI ≥25) and 45 patients were non-obese (BMI <25). Presence of insulin resistance and endocrine-metabolic abnormalities were compared between two groups. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS version 16.0 and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS There was no significant difference in presence of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR >2.3) between two groups (p=0.357). Waist circumference (p<0.001), waist/hip ratio (p<0.001), systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic (p<0.001) blood pressures, fasting blood sugar (p=0.003) and insulin (p=0.011), HOMA-IR (p=0.004), total cholesterol (p=0.001) and triglyceride (p<0.001) were all significantly higher in obese PCOS patients. There was no significant difference in total testosterone (p=0.634) and androstenedione (p=0.736) between groups whereas Dehydroepiandrotendione sulfate (DHEAS) was significantly higher in non-obese PCOS women (p=0.018). There was no case of fatty liver and metabolic syndrome in non-obese patients, whereas they were seen in 31.3% and 39.4% of obese PCOS women, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study showed that metabolic abnormalities are more prevalent in obese PCOS women, but adrenal axis activity that is reflected in higher levels of DHEAS was more commonly pronounced in our non-obese PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Layegh
- Endocrine Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Mousavi
- Endocrine Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Donya Farrokh Tehrani
- Vascular and Endovascular Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khajedaluee
- Department of Community Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Baskind NE, Balen AH. Hypothalamic-pituitary, ovarian and adrenal contributions to polycystic ovary syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 37:80-97. [PMID: 27137106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent heterogeneous disorder linked with disturbances of reproductive, endocrine and metabolic function. The definition and aetiological hypotheses of PCOS are continually developing to incorporate evolving evidence of the syndrome, which appears to be both multifactorial and polygenic. The pathophysiology of PCOS encompasses inherent ovarian dysfunction that is strongly influenced by external factors including the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and hyperinsulinaemia. Neuroendocrine abnormalities including increased gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse frequency with consequent hypersecretion of luteinising hormone (LH) affects ovarian androgen synthesis, folliculogenesis and oocyte development. Disturbed ovarian-pituitary and hypothalamic feedback accentuates the gonadotrophin abnormalities, and there is emerging evidence putatively implicating dysfunction of the Kiss 1 system. Within the follicle subunit itself, there are intra-ovarian paracrine modulators, cytokines and growth factors, which appear to play a role. Adrenally derived androgens may also contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS, but their role is less defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ellissa Baskind
- The Leeds Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Seacroft Hospital, York Road, Leeds LS14 6UH, UK.
| | - Adam H Balen
- The Leeds Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Seacroft Hospital, York Road, Leeds LS14 6UH, UK.
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Chen MJ, Chou CH, Chen SU, Yang WS, Yang YS, Ho HN. The effect of androgens on ovarian follicle maturation: Dihydrotestosterone suppress FSH-stimulated granulosa cell proliferation by upregulating PPARγ-dependent PTEN expression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18319. [PMID: 26674985 PMCID: PMC4682139 DOI: 10.1038/srep18319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraovarian hyperandrogenism is one of the determining factors of follicular arrest in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Using androgenized rat models, we investigated the effects of androgens on metabolism, as well as on factors involved in follicular arrest and the reduced number of estrus cycles. The dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated rats had fewer estrus cycles, higher numbers of large arrested follicles and an increased in body weight gain compared with the dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA)- and placebo-treated rats. In cultured rat granulosa cells, DHT suppressed follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced granulosa cell proliferation and increased the accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase. DHT decreased phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and cyclin D1 levels through increasing PTEN. DHT-promoted PTEN expression was regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in granulosa cells. Meanwhile, in the large follicles of the DHT-treated rats, the expressions of PPARγ and PTEN were higher, but the expression of p-Akt and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were lower. Conclusively, DHT and DHEA produced differential effects on metabolism in prepubertal female rats like clinical manifestations of women with PCOS. DHT treatment may affect ovarian follicular maturation by altering granulosa cell proliferation through the regulation of enhancing PPARγ dependent PTEN/p-Akt expression in the granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shee-Uan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiung Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Plaza-Parrochia F, Poblete C, Gabler F, Carvajal R, Romero C, Valladares L, Vega M. Expression of steroid sulfated transporters and 3β-HSD activity in endometrium of women having polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids 2015; 104:189-95. [PMID: 26450365 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracrinology mechanism involves the metabolism of steroids in peripheral tissues, such as DHEA, to molecules with estrogenic or androgenic activity. Proliferation rate of endometria from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome women (PCOS) is increased, favoring hyperplasia development. Besides, in endometria from PCOS-women the synthesis of androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (androstenediol), an estrogenic molecule, is enhanced concomitantly to increased cellular proliferation. DHEA, the major intracrinological precursor, circulates mainly in its sulfated form and requires transporters for cell intake, that belong to the families of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) and organic anion transporters (OAT). The aim of this study was to determine protein levels and activity of sulfated steroid transporters OATP2B1, OATP3A1, OATP4A1 and OAT4 in endometria from control and PCOS-women and to evaluate the activity of the enzyme 3β-HSD. Levels of transporters were done by RT-PCR (OAT4 only) and Western-blot (WB). Additionally, in primary culture cells stimulated with steroids, protein levels by WB and uptake of tritiated DHEAS, were evaluated; 3β-HSD activity was assessed using radiolabel substrate. PCOS-endometrium had higher levels of OATP2B1 and OATP4A1 than CE (p<0.05); decreased OATP4A1 levels were found in androstenediol or testosterone-stimulated cells. Accordingly, the entry of DHEAS to cells was lower in cells stimulated with testosterone (p<0.05); 3β-HSD-activity was similar in control and PCOS-endometria. Therefore, this study describes that steroids can modulate the expression and activity of transporters of OATPs-family in human endometria and that some transporter levels are increased in PCOS-endometria, suggesting a potential role in the pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Plaza-Parrochia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Poblete
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gabler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital, Santa Rosa #1234, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Carvajal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Valladares
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul #5540, Chile
| | - Margarita Vega
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile.
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Dumesic DA, Oberfield SE, Stener-Victorin E, Marshall JC, Laven JS, Legro RS. Scientific Statement on the Diagnostic Criteria, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Molecular Genetics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:487-525. [PMID: 26426951 PMCID: PMC4591526 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous and complex disorder that has both adverse reproductive and metabolic implications for affected women. However, there is generally poor understanding of its etiology. Varying expert-based diagnostic criteria utilize some combination of oligo-ovulation, hyperandrogenism, and the presence of polycystic ovaries. Criteria that require hyperandrogenism tend to identify a more severe reproductive and metabolic phenotype. The phenotype can vary by race and ethnicity, is difficult to define in the perimenarchal and perimenopausal period, and is exacerbated by obesity. The pathophysiology involves abnormal gonadotropin secretion from a reduced hypothalamic feedback response to circulating sex steroids, altered ovarian morphology and functional changes, and disordered insulin action in a variety of target tissues. PCOS clusters in families and both female and male relatives can show stigmata of the syndrome, including metabolic abnormalities. Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of candidate regions, although their role in contributing to PCOS is still largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Elisabet Stener-Victorin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - John C Marshall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Joop S Laven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Richard S Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
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Güdücü N, Kutay SS, Görmüş U, Kavak ZN, Dünder İ. High DHEAS/free testosterone ratio is related to better metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:495-500. [PMID: 25986306 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1022862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To demonstrate the effects of DHEAS/free testosterone (DHEAS/FT) ratio on metabolic parameters in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS The data of 91 women with PCOS and 66 women in the control group were collected retrospectively. RESULTS DHEAS/FT of the control group was higher than that of PCOS group (684.93 ± 300.54 to 517.2 ± 300.8, p < 0.001). DHEAS/FT correlated with BMI (r = -0.352, p = 0.001), WHR (r = -0.371, p = 0.0219), LDL (r = -0.227, p = 0.031), HOMA-IR (r = -0.36, p = 0.001) and FAI (r = -0.639, p = 0.001) negatively and with HDL (r = 0.344, p = 0.001) and SHBG (r = 0.646, p = 0.001) positively. In the control group, DHEAS/FT correlated with BMI (r = -0.334, p = 0.007), CRP (r = -0.297, p = 0.016) and FAI (r = -0.399, p = 0.01) negatively. CONCLUSIONS High DHEAS/FT ratios are related to a better metabolic phenotype in women with PCOS and low levels can be used to detect women with PCOS that have a higher risk of metabolic problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Güdücü
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul Bilim University , İstanbul , Turkey
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Moran C, Arriaga M, Arechavaleta-Velasco F, Moran S. Adrenal androgen excess and body mass index in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:942-50. [PMID: 25514100 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenal hyperandrogenism affects approximately 25% of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients but its relation to obesity is not totally understood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels in relation to body mass index (BMI) in PCOS. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a prospective observational study at an institutional practice at an obstetrics/gynecology hospital. PARTICIPANTS The study included 136 PCOS patients, 20-35 years old, and 42 age-matched control women. The participants were classified with the BMI cutoff value of 27 kg/m(2) as follows: 1) high-BMI PCOS patients; 2) low-BMI PCOS patients; 3) high-BMI control women; and 4) low-BMI control women. The data were reanalyzed with the BMI cutoff value of 30 kg/m(2) to corroborate the findings in obese and nonobese patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Blood samples were taken and LH, FSH, insulin, T, androstenedione (A4), DHEA, DHEAS, and glucose levels were determined. Homeostatic model assessment was calculated. Pelvic and abdominal ultrasound for ovarian morphology and adipose tissue, respectively, were performed. RESULTS Obese PCOS patients presented significantly more insulin resistance than nonobese PCOS patients. The LH levels and LH/FSH ratio were significantly higher in low-BMI than in high-BMI PCOS patients. The A4 and DHEAS levels were significantly higher in nonobese than in obese PCOS patients. A significant correlation between LH and A4 in nonobese PCOS patients was observed. The frequency of hyperandrogenism by increased A4, and DHEA along with DHEAS was significantly higher in low-BMI PCOS patients compared with high-BMI PCOS patients. Some findings observed with the BMI cutoff value of 27 kg/m(2) changed with the cutoff value of 30 kg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS Low BMI more so than high BMI is associated with increased LH, high A4, DHEA, and DHEAS levels in PCOS patients. The BMI cutoff value of 27 kg/m(2) classified better than 30 kg/m(2) for hormonal and metabolic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Moran
- Research Unit of Reproductive Medicine (C.M., F.A.-V.), Health Research Council, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico; Medical Unit of High Specialty (M.A.), Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico; and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology (S.M.), Health Research Council, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
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Alpañés M, Luque-Ramírez M, Martínez-García MÁ, Fernández-Durán E, Álvarez-Blasco F, Escobar-Morreale HF. Influence of adrenal hyperandrogenism on the clinical and metabolic phenotype of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:795-801.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ebrahimi-Mamaghani M, Saghafi-Asl M, Pirouzpanah S, Aliasgharzadeh A, Aliashrafi S, Rezayi N, Mehrzad-Sadaghiani M. Association of insulin resistance with lipid profile, metabolic syndrome, and hormonal aberrations in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2015; 33:157-67. [PMID: 25995732 PMCID: PMC4438659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was aimed to better clarify the associations of insulin resistance (IR) with endocrinometabolic parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Anthropometric measurements, endocrine and metabolic profiles, and the presence of IR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were assessed in 63 overweight or obese PCOS patients subdivided into insulin-resistant (IR) and insulin-sensitive (IS) groups. Fasting insulin concentration and HOMA-IR were higher (p<0.001), and quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI), glucose-to-insulin ratio (p<0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p=0.012) were lower in IR group. MetS (p=0.034) and obesity (p=0.038) were more prevalent in IR group. For all PCOS patients, significant correlations of total cholesterol (TC) with dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) (r=-0.27, p=0.031), HDL-C with QUICKI (r=0.26, p=0.036) were found. Partial correlations also showed significant associations between TG and BS2h (r=0.30, p=0.026) as well as TC and LH/FSH ratio (r=0.30, p=0.032). When the patients were divided into IR and IS groups, significant correlations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with luteinizing hormone (LH) (r=0.50, p=0.017) as well as TC (r=0.42, p=0.043) and LDL-C (r=0.50, p=0.016) with LH/FSH ratio were observed in IR group. However, partial correlation suggested significant associations of HDL-C with testosterone (r=-0.35, p=0.049) as well as serum LDL-C (r=0.38, p=0.033), HDL-C (r=-0.32, p=0.047), and TC (r=0.34, p=0.056) with progesterone level only in the IS group. The findings of this study indicated that lipid abnormalities may occur in PCOS, irrespective of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Saghafi-Asl
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Pirouzpanah
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Soudabeh Aliashrafi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rezayi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Huang CC, Tien YJ, Chen MJ, Chen CH, Ho HN, Yang YS. Symptom patterns and phenotypic subgrouping of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: association between endocrine characteristics and metabolic aberrations. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:937-46. [PMID: 25662806 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the potential endocrine characteristics related to risk and severity of metabolic disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Women with PCOS could be subtyped into four subgroups according to heterogeneous endocrine characteristics and the major predictive endocrine factors for metabolic aberrations among different subgroups were free androgen index (FAI) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Women diagnosed with PCOS present with highly heterogeneous phenotypes, including endocrine and metabolic aberrations. Different strategies have been proposed to predict the metabolic outcomes but whether the endocrine factors can solely predict the metabolic aberrations is still inconclusive. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A cross-sectional study including 460 patients recruited from a reproductive endocrinology outpatient clinic of a tertiary medical center. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Patients with PCOS diagnosed according to the 2003 Rotterdam criteria were studied. Clinical history recorded by questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, biochemistry tests after an overnight fast, and pelvic ultrasonography were collected from all patients. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Applying a matrix visualization and clustering approach (generalized association plots), the patients were divided into four distinct clusters according to the correlation with four endocrine parameters. Each cluster exhibited specific endocrine characteristics and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) was significantly different among the clusters (P < 0.0001). The high-risk subgroups for MS included one cluster with higher mean (SD) FAI (39.6 (14.7) in cluster 4), and another one with lower mean (SD) FAI (10 (6.4) in cluster 2). A common endocrine characteristic of these two metabolically unhealthy clusters was relatively lower LH level. Contrarily, higher LH level (≧15 mIU/ml) during early follicular phase was found to be the best indicator of the metabolically healthy cluster (cluster 1). While high FAI level did correlate with more severe metabolic aberrations, high LH level showed better predictive value than low FAI level to become a metabolically healthy cluster. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The results should be applied to other populations with caution due to racial or environmental differences. Another limitation is a lack of normal non-PCOS control in our study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Stratifying women with PCOS into meaningful subtypes could provide a better understanding of related risk factors and potentially enable the design and delivery of more effective screening and treatment intervention. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grant NSC 100-2314-B002-027-MY3 from the National Science Council of Taiwan. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Nil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Jing Tien
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Houh Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Amato MC, Magistro A, Gambino G, Vesco R, Giordano C. Visceral adiposity index and DHEAS are useful markers of diabetes risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:79-88. [PMID: 25342852 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE On the basis of the known diabetes risk in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), recent guidelines of the Endocrine Society recommend the use of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to screen for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in all women with PCOS. However, given the high prevalence of PCOS, OGTT would have a high cost-benefit ratio. In this study, we identified, through a receiver operating characteristic analysis, simple predictive markers of the composite endpoint (impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or IGT or IFG+IGT or T2DM) in women with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study of 241 women with PCOS in a university hospital setting. METHODS Clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic (including OGTT) parameters were evaluated. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), the Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity, and the oral dispositional index and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were determined. RESULTS Out of 241 women included in this study, 28 (11.6%) had an IFG, 13 (5.4%) had IGT, four (1.7%) had IFG+IGT, and four (1.7%) had T2DM. Among the anthropometric variables examined, the VAI had a significantly higher C-statistic compared with BMI (0.760 (95% CI: 0.70-0.81) vs 0.613 (95% CI: 0.54-0.67); P=0.014) and waist circumference (0.760 (95% CI: 0.70-0.81) vs 0.619 (95% CI: 0.55-0.68); P=0.028). Among all the hormonal and metabolic serum variables examined, DHEAS showed the highest C-statistic (0.720 (95% CI: 0.65-0.77); P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In addition to fasting glucose, the VAI and DHEAS may be considered useful tools for prescreening in all women with PCOS without the classical risk factors for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Amato
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.)Section of Cardio-Respiratory and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - A Magistro
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.)Section of Cardio-Respiratory and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - G Gambino
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.)Section of Cardio-Respiratory and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - R Vesco
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.)Section of Cardio-Respiratory and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - C Giordano
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.)Section of Cardio-Respiratory and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, Palermo 90127, Italy
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Goodarzi MO, Carmina E, Azziz R. DHEA, DHEAS and PCOS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:213-25. [PMID: 25008465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 20-30% of PCOS women demonstrate excess adrenal precursor androgen (APA) production, primarily using DHEAS as a marker of APA in general and more specifically DHEA, synthesis. The role of APA excess in determining or causing PCOS is unclear, although observations in patients with inherited APA excess (e.g., patients with 21-hydroxylase deficient congenital classic or non-classic adrenal hyperplasia) demonstrate that APA excess can result in a PCOS-like phenotype. Inherited defects of the enzymes responsible for steroid biosynthesis, or defects in cortisol metabolism, account for only a very small fraction of women suffering from hyperandrogenism or APA excess. Rather, women with PCOS and APA excess appear to have a generalized exaggeration in adrenal steroidogenesis in response to ACTH stimulation, although they do not have an overt hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. In general, extra-adrenal factors, including obesity, insulin and glucose levels, and ovarian secretions, play a limited role in the increased APA production observed in PCOS. Substantial heritabilities of APAs, particularly DHEAS, have been found in the general population and in women with PCOS; however, the handful of SNPs discovered to date account only for a small portion of the inheritance of these traits. Paradoxically, and as in men, elevated levels of DHEAS appear to be protective against cardiovascular risk in women, although the role of DHEAS in modulating this risk in women with PCOS remains unknown. In summary, the exact cause of APA excess in PCOS remains unclear, although it may reflect a generalized and inherited exaggeration in androgen biosynthesis of an inherited nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Azziz
- Georgia Regents University, Office of the President, 120 15th St., AA 311, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Plaza-Parrochia F, Bacallao K, Poblete C, Gabler F, Carvajal R, Romero C, Valladares L, Vega M. The role of androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (androstenediol) in cell proliferation in endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids 2014; 89:11-9. [PMID: 25065586 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) show high prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Endometrial proliferation is increased, evaluated by high levels of Ki67 (cell cycle marker) and low levels of p27 (negative regulator of cell cycle). Nevertheless, endometrial changes in cyclin D1 (positive regulator of cell cycle) in PCOS-women are not described. Androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (androstenediol), steroid with estrogenic activity present in endometria, could be related to increased endometrial cell proliferation. The objective of this study was to determine protein content of cyclin D1 and androstenediol levels in endometria from PCOS and control-women and to evaluate the possible mechanism favoring cell proliferation associated with hormonal characteristics of patients. Therefore, cyclin D1 protein content in PCOS-women and control-endometrial tissue were assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The androstenediol levels were evaluated by ELISA. To further analyze the effect of steroids (androstenediol, 17β-estradiol, testosterone) in cell proliferation, levels of proteins cyclin D1, p27 and Ki67 were evaluated in an in vitro model of stromal endometrial cells T-HESC and St-T1b. An increase in cyclin D1 and androstenediol was observed in tissues from PCOS-women relative to control group (p<0.05). In the in vitro model, androstenediol exerted increase in cyclin D1 (p<0.05) and a decrease in p27 protein level (p<0.05), while Ki67 in St-T1b cells increased under this stimulus (p<0.05). Testosterone produces opposite effects in the levels of the above markers (p<0.05). Therefore, the hormonal imbalance associated with this syndrome could alter endometrial tissue homeostasis, promoting cell proliferation. Androstenediol is a molecule that could be involved by stimulating proliferation, whereas testosterone elicits a role of cell cycle repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Plaza-Parrochia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ketty Bacallao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Poblete
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gabler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital, Santa Rosa #1234, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Carvajal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Valladares
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul #5540, Chile
| | - Margarita Vega
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile.
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Livadas S, Pappas C, Karachalios A, Marinakis E, Tolia N, Drakou M, Kaldrymides P, Panidis D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Prevalence and impact of hyperandrogenemia in 1,218 women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine 2014; 47:631-8. [PMID: 24752393 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperandrogenemia modifies phenotypic characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the present study is to evaluate (a) the prevalence of hyperandrogenemia in PCOS women (Rotterdam criteria) and (b) the impact of either the degree or the type of hyperandrogenemia on phenotype. Anthropometric, clinical, hormonal, metabolic and ultrasound characteristics of 1,218 women with PCOS were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of hyperandrogenemia was 58.8 %. Women with hyperandrogenemia had higher luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), free androgen index, lower sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and fasting glucose levels compared to women with normal androgens (p < 0.001 for all comparisons; p = 0.001 for fasting glucose). Regarding the presence of isolated hyperandrogenemia, the group with only elevated testosterone levels was termed GT and an analogous categorization was made for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (GD) and androstenedione (Δ4) (GΔ4), respectively. GT, GD and GΔ4 comprised the 17.2, 7.6 and 4.1 % of total cohort, respectively. These groups differed significantly between them in LH, LH/FSH ratio, and SHBG (p < 0.001). Hyperandrogenemia is found in almost 60 % of women with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria), and it affects hormonal characteristics of these women such as LH and SHBG values. Regarding the impact of isolated hyperandrogenemia on PCOS characteristics, it appears that Δ4 and testosterone elevations are associated with increased LH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarantis Livadas
- Endocrine Unit, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mesogeion 152, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Lerchbaum E, Schwetz V, Rabe T, Giuliani A, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome: exploration of the role of free testosterone and androstenedione in metabolic phenotype. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108263. [PMID: 25310562 PMCID: PMC4195601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between androstenedione, testosterone, and free testosterone and metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods We analyzed the association between androstenedione, testosterone, and free testosterone and metabolic parameters in a cross-sectional study including 706 polycystic ovary syndrome and 140 BMI-matched healthy women. Polycystic ovary syndrome women were categorized into 4 groups: normal androstenedione and normal free testosterone (NA/NFT), elevated androstenedione and normal free testosterone (HA/NFT), normal androstenedione and elevated free testosterone (NA/HFT), elevated androstenedione and free testosterone (HA/HFT). Results Polycystic ovary syndrome women with elevated free testosterone levels (HA/HFT and NA/HFT) have an adverse metabolic profile including 2 h glucose, HbA1c, fasting and 2 h insulin, area under the insulin response curve, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda), triglycerides, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to NA/NFT (p<0.05 for all age- and BMI-adjusted analyses). In binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and BMI, odds ratio for insulin resistance was 2.78 (1.34–5.75, p = 0.006) for polycystic ovary syndrome women with HA/HFT compared to NA/NFT. We found no significantly increased risk of metabolic disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome women with HA/NFT. In multiple linear regression analyses (age- and BMI-adjusted), we found a significant negative association between androstenedione/free testosterone-ratio and area under the insulin response curve, insulin resistance, and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol-ratio and a positive association with Matsuda-index, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions Polycystic ovary syndrome women with elevated free testosterone levels but not with isolated androstenedione elevation have an adverse metabolic phenotype. Further, a higher androstenedione/free testosterone-ratio was independently associated with a beneficial metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lerchbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Verena Schwetz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Rabe
- University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Giuliani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Zhao X, Xu F, Qi B, Hao S, Li Y, Li Y, Zou L, Lu C, Xu G, Hou L. Serum Metabolomics Study of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1101-11. [PMID: 24428203 DOI: 10.1021/pr401130w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Gynaecological
Clinic of First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Subsidiary
Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Songli Hao
- Gynaecological
Clinic of First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yan Li
- Gynaecological
Clinic of First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lihong Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Caixia Lu
- Gynaecological
Clinic of First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lihui Hou
- Gynaecological
Clinic of First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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WANG YUXIA, ZHU WEIJIE, XIE BAOGUO. Expression of PPAR-γ in adipose tissue of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome induced by DHEA. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:889-93. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Cinar N, Harmanci A, Aksoy DY, Aydin K, Yildiz BO. Adrenocortical steroid response to ACTH in different phenotypes of non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2012; 5:42. [PMID: 23216997 PMCID: PMC3523978 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-5-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adrenal androgen excess is frequently observed in PCOS. The aim of the study was to determine whether adrenal gland function varies among PCOS phenotypes, women with hyperandrogenism (H) only and healthy women. Methods The study included 119 non-obese patients with PCOS (age: 22.2 ± 4.1y, BMI:22.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2), 24 women with H only and 39 age and BMI- matched controls. Among women with PCOS, 50 had H, oligo-anovulation (O), and polycystic ovaries (P) (PHO), 32 had O and H (OH), 23 had P and H (PH), and 14 had P and O (PO). Total testosterone (T), SHBG and DHEAS levels at basal and serum 17-hydroxprogesterone (17-OHP), androstenedione (A4), DHEA and cortisol levels after ACTH stimulation were measured. Results T, FAI and DHEAS, and basal and AUC values for 17-OHP and A4 were significantly and similarly higher in PCOS and H groups than controls (p < 0.05 for all) whereas three groups did not differ for basal or AUC values of DHEA and cortisol. Three hyperandrogenic subphenotypes (PHO, OH, and PH) compared to non-hyperandrogenic subphenotype (PO) had significantly and similarly higher T, FAI, DHEAS and AUC values for 17-OHP, A4 and DHEA (p < 0.05). All subphenotypes had similar basal and AUC values for cortisol. Conclusion PCOS patients and women with H only have similar and higher basal and stimulated adrenal androgen levels than controls. All three hyperandrogenic subphenotypes of PCOS exhibit similar and higher basal and stimulated adrenal androgen secretion patterns compared to non-hyperandrogenic subphenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Cinar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine Hacettepe, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
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Niedrigdosierte transdermale Östradiol-Antiandrogen-Therapie. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-012-0510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Opposing effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and free testosterone on metabolic phenotype in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2012; 98:1318-25.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Köşüş N, Köşüş A, Kamalak Z, Hızlı D, Turhan NÖ. Impact of adrenal versus ovarian androgen ratio on signs and symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28:611-4. [PMID: 22296561 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2011.650770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of adrenal versus ovarian androgen (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate/total testosterone [DHEAS/TT]) on clinical presentation and related metabolic disturbances in Turkish women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Two hundred eighty PCOS cases were taken into the study. For all cases, the DHEAS/TT ratio was calculated. The median value of this ratio was 4.40. Patients with an androgen ratio lower than 4.40 were included in Group 1 and cases with a ratio higher than 4.40 were Group 2. The two groups were compared in terms of hormonal, biochemical and clinical parameters. Body mass index and waist circumference were lower, the Ferriman-Gallwey score was higher and the cycle length was shorter in Group 2. High DHEAS level was associated with better lipid profiles and lower levels of inflammatory markers, meaning good metabolic control in these women, in spite of increased hirsutism rates. In patients with PCOS, both androgens are usually high in proportion to each other. Therefore, it would be more meaningful to use the DHEAS/TT ratio for an assessment of the metabolic and phenotypic effects of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Köşüş
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fatih University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Chen MJ, Han DS, Yang JH, Yang YS, Ho HN, Yang WS. Myostatin and its association with abdominal obesity, androgen and follistatin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2476-83. [PMID: 22693174 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the role of myostatin and its relationship with obesity, androgens and follistatin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWERS: The myostatin level was positively correlated to the risk of abdominal obesity, but negatively associated with circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and follistatin in women with PCOS. WHAT IS KNOWN AND WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Myostatin is a well-known negative regulator of skeletal muscle and is involved in metabolism; however, little is known about the role of myostatin in women with PCOS. In this study, we found that the myostatin level was positively related to the risk of abdominal obesity, but negatively related to the circulating levels of DHEAS and follistatin in women with PCOS. Such a relationship might imply a potential regulatory role of androgens and follistatin in the metabolism of skeletal muscle in women with PCOS. DESIGN A cross-sectional case-control study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 239 untreated, consecutive women with PCOS and 38 healthy volunteer women without PCOS were enrolled and studied in a tertiary medical center. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Myostatin level was higher in women with PCOS than those without PCOS (16.6±15.6 and 14.2±9.7, P=0.025), but were not significantly different between non-obese women with and without PCOS after considering the effect of obesity (P=0.09). Stepwise multivariate regression analysis in women revealed that only the presence of PCOS (β=0.256, P=0.0001), total testosterone (β=0.159, P=0.031), DHEAS (β=-0.188, P=0.0003) and follistatin (β=-0.171, P=0.0001) levels were left in the final model and were significantly related to the myostatin level after considering all the explanatory variables. By using stepwise multivariate regression analysis, the total testosterone levels (β=0.196, P=0.003) were positively, but the DHEAS (β=-0.196, P<0.0001) and follistatin (β=-0.151, P=0.0001) levels were negatively, related to myostatin levels in women with PCOS after adjustment for age, anthropometric measurements, insulin sensitivity index and hormonal profiles. The high myostatin level was associated with the increased risk of abdominal obesity after further adjusting the androgens and follistatin levels in women with PCOS. LIMITATION, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study is a cross-sectional case-control design, and therefore, cannot answer the cause-effect relationship among the androgens, follistatin and myostatin levels. The small sample size and non-obese control group may also limit the application of the conclusion of the present study to general population other than women with PCOS. In addition, lack of data regarding muscle mass is another limitation in this study that prevents clarification of the relationship between myostatin, lean mass and obesity and therefore restricts the clinical application of the results. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Future studies to investigate the efficacy of exercise and lifestyle modification in treating women with PCOS should consider the myostatin, follistatin and androgen levels as well as the effect of muscle mass and BMI. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST This study was supported by grants NSC97-2314-B002-079-MY3, NSC98-2314-B002-105-MY3 and NSC 100-2314-B002-027-MY3 from the National Science Council of Taiwan. There is no competing interest declared in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhai G, Teumer A, Stolk L, Perry JRB, Vandenput L, Coviello AD, Koster A, Bell JT, Bhasin S, Eriksson J, Eriksson A, Ernst F, Ferrucci L, Frayling TM, Glass D, Grundberg E, Haring R, Hedman ÅK, Hofman A, Kiel DP, Kroemer HK, Liu Y, Lunetta KL, Maggio M, Lorentzon M, Mangino M, Melzer D, Miljkovic I, Nica A, Penninx BWJH, Vasan RS, Rivadeneira F, Small KS, Soranzo N, Uitterlinden AG, Völzke H, Wilson SG, Xi L, Zhuang WV, Harris TB, Murabito JM, Ohlsson C, Murray A, de Jong FH, Spector TD, Wallaschofski H. Eight common genetic variants associated with serum DHEAS levels suggest a key role in ageing mechanisms. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002025. [PMID: 21533175 PMCID: PMC3077384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) is the most abundant circulating steroid secreted by adrenal glands--yet its function is unknown. Its serum concentration declines significantly with increasing age, which has led to speculation that a relative DHEAS deficiency may contribute to the development of common age-related diseases or diminished longevity. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data with 14,846 individuals and identified eight independent common SNPs associated with serum DHEAS concentrations. Genes at or near the identified loci include ZKSCAN5 (rs11761528; p = 3.15 × 10(-36)), SULT2A1 (rs2637125; p = 2.61 × 10(-19)), ARPC1A (rs740160; p = 1.56 × 10(-16)), TRIM4 (rs17277546; p = 4.50 × 10(-11)), BMF (rs7181230; p = 5.44 × 10(-11)), HHEX (rs2497306; p = 4.64 × 10(-9)), BCL2L11 (rs6738028; p = 1.72 × 10(-8)), and CYP2C9 (rs2185570; p = 2.29 × 10(-8)). These genes are associated with type 2 diabetes, lymphoma, actin filament assembly, drug and xenobiotic metabolism, and zinc finger proteins. Several SNPs were associated with changes in gene expression levels, and the related genes are connected to biological pathways linking DHEAS with ageing. This study provides much needed insight into the function of DHEAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangju Zhai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Ageing, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John R. B. Perry
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea D. Coviello
- Sections of General Internal Medicine, Preventive Medicine, Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jordana T. Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Florian Ernst
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Glass
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hixton, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Haring
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Åsa K. Hedman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Hofman
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Ageing, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Hebrew Senior Life Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heyo K. Kroemer
- Center of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marcello Maggio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Geriatrics, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Melzer
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Alexandra Nica
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hixton, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Sections of General Internal Medicine, Preventive Medicine, Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Ageing, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerrin S. Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hixton, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hixton, United Kingdom
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Ageing, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Scott G. Wilson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Li Xi
- Molecular Medicine – Computational Biology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wei Vivian Zhuang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Sections of General Internal Medicine, Preventive Medicine, Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Frank H. de Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henri Wallaschofski
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Chen MJ, Chen CD, Yang JH, Chen CL, Ho HN, Yang WS, Yang YS. High serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is associated with phenotypic acne and a reduced risk of abdominal obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2010; 26:227-34. [PMID: 21088016 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are known to have high prevalence of acne and elevated androgen levels. The current study aims to determine if dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) level is associated with the presence of acne and reduced risk of abdominal obesity in women with PCOS, after considering the concurrent high testosterone level and insulin resistance (IR). METHODS Three hundred and eighteen untreated consecutive Taiwanese women with PCOS were enrolled. Phenotypic hyperandrogenism was recorded, and BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, lipid profiles, fasting glucose and insulin levels and hormone profiles were measured. RESULTS Women with acne were younger, had higher serum DHEAS levels (6.01 ± 3.45 versus 4.87 ± 2.49 μmol/l, P = 0.002) and a lower BMI (P = 0.0006), but comparable serum testosterone levels, in comparison with women without acne. The aggravating effect of elevated DHEAS on the risk of acne (odds ratio = 2.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.25-3.68, P = 0.005 for DHEAS cut-off of 6.68 μmol/l) still exited after adjustment for age and BMI. The DHEAS level was positively correlated with the testosterone level, but inversely related to waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, IR index, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides. Women with PCOS in the highest quartile of DHEAS had the lowest risk of abdominal obesity after adjustment for age, IR, dyslipidemia, testosterone and estradiol levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated the high serum DHEAS in women with PCOS was associated with the presence of acne and a significantly reduced risk of abdominal obesity, independent of serum testosterone concentration and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bruni V, Dei M, Nannini S, Balzi D, Nuvolone D. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1205:175-84. [PMID: 20840270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The definition of polycystic ovary syndrome in very young girls is complicated by the fact that many features typical of the syndrome can also be seen as physiological stages in the maturation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis. The role of reduced insulin sensitivity in the pathogenesis and evolution of the disorder has gained more importance over recent years: both elevated androgen levels and being overweight may influence the impairment of glucose metabolism. Our study focused on 250 girls in the first 8 years of gynecological age. We analyzed the prevalence of different phenotypes according to the Rotterdam criteria and the impact of higher BMI on androgen levels and on fasting screening markers of glucose metabolism. In a smaller sample, we performed a more detailed evaluation of the glucose metabolism parameters; our findings indicated that in this age group, being overweight plays a major role in the deterioration of the clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Bruni
- Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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47
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Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity. Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:293-312. [PMID: 20418721 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e328339f31e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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