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Orioli L, Canouil M, Sawadogo K, Ning L, Deldicque L, Lause P, de Barsy M, Froguel P, Loumaye A, Deswysen Y, Navez B, Bonnefond A, Thissen JP. Identification of myokines susceptible to improve glucose homeostasis after bariatric surgery. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:409-421. [PMID: 37638789 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVE The identification of myokines susceptible to improve glucose homeostasis following bariatric surgery could lead to new therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes. METHODS Changes in the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) test were assessed in patients before and 3 months after bariatric surgery. Changes in myokines expression and circulating levels were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Myokines known to regulate glucose homeostasis were identified using literature (targeted study) and putative myokines using RNA-sequencing (untargeted study). A linear regression analysis adjusted for age and sex was used to search for associations between changes in the HOMA test and changes in myokines. RESULTS In the targeted study, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was upregulated (+30%, P = .006) while BDNF circulating levels were decreased (-12%, P = .001). Upregulated BDNF expression was associated with decreased HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (adjusted estimate [95% confidence interval {CI}]: -0.51 [-0.88 to -0.13], P = .010). Decreased BDNF serum levels were associated with decreased HOMA of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) (adjusted estimate [95% CI] = 0.002 [0.00002-0.0031], P = .046). In the untargeted study, upregulated putative myokines included XYLT1 (+64%, P < .001), LGR5 (+57, P< .001), and SPINK5 (+46%, P < .001). Upregulated LGR5 was associated with decreased HOMA-IR (adjusted estimate [95% CI] = -0.50 [-0.86 to -0.13], P = .009). Upregulated XYLT1 and SPINK5 were associated with increased HOMA of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) (respectively, adjusted estimate [95% CI] = 109.1 [28.5-189.8], P = .009 and 16.5 [0.87-32.19], P = .039). CONCLUSIONS Improved glucose homeostasis following bariatric surgery is associated with changes in myokines expression and circulating levels. In particular, upregulation of BDNF, XYLT1, SPINK5, and LGR5 is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. These results suggest that these myokines could contribute to improved glucose homeostasis following bariatric surgery. STUDY REGISTRATION NCT03341793 on ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orioli
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Kiswendsida Sawadogo
- Statistical Support Unit, King Albert II Cancer and Hematology Institute, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lijiao Ning
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of NeuroScience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pascale Lause
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie de Barsy
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Loumaye
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannick Deswysen
- Department of Oeso-gastro-duodenal and Bariatric Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Navez
- Department of Oeso-gastro-duodenal and Bariatric Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Babarinsa IA, Bashir M, AbdelRahman Ahmed H, Ahmed B, Konje JC. Bariatric surgery and reproduction-implications for gynecology and obstetrics. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 90:102382. [PMID: 37506498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
As the rates of obesity continue to rise across the world, there has been an increasing resort to bariatric surgery amongst the options for treatment. Through the reproductive lifespan, between menarche and menopause, women might benefit from this surgical intervention, which may have a bearing on other aspects of their health. The consequences of bariatric surgery have been reported and evaluated from various perspectives in obstetrics and gynecology. Fertility and sexuality are enhanced, but not all gynecological diseases are ameliorated. There are also psychological and behavioral sequelae to be cognizant of. With multi-disciplinary and responsive care, most post-bariatric pregnancies have satisfactory outcomes. The effects of bariatric surgery on the babies conceived thereafter remains a subject of interest, whereas the possible effect on the climacteric is speculative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Babarinsa
- Women's Wellness and Research Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha.
| | | | | | - Badreldeen Ahmed
- Feto Maternal Centre, Al Markhiya, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Justin C Konje
- Feto Maternal Centre, Al Markhiya, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester, UK
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Yanping W, Gao X, Cheng Y, Liu M, Liao S, Zhou J, Hao J, Jiang G, Lu Y, Qu T, Qin B, Cheng Y. The interaction between obesity and visceral hypersensitivity. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:370-377. [PMID: 36478286 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been a worldwide problem associated with numerous chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic disorders. It may also play a role in visceral hypersensitivity, contributing to irritable bowel syndrome. (i) Adipose tissue secretes various inflammatory mediators, causing intestinal hyperpermeability and nerve endings activation. (ii) Obesity and gastrointestinal microbiota could affect each other, and microbial metabolites can increase sensitivity of the colon. (iii) Vitamin D deficiency contributes to both fat accumulation and disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier. (iv) Brain-gut axis may be another bridge from obesity to visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yanping
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuefen Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yizun Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siyu Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaming Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gemeng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixuan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyao Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Effects of Peripheral Neural Blocks in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Pilot Study on Cognitive Functions in Severe Obese Patients. Obes Surg 2023; 33:129-138. [PMID: 36334250 PMCID: PMC9834365 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to the analgesic effect, peripheral neural blocks also prevent cognitive impairment and peripheral inflammation induced by surgery. However, it is unknown if there is collateral impact on cognitive improvement after bariatric surgery. METHODS In this pilot study, 75 patients with severe obesity for selective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) were recruited and randomized into three groups (1:1:1) as general anesthesia (GA) group, transverse abdominis plane block (TAPB) group, and quadratus lumborum block (QLB) group. Bilateral TAPB or QLB was performed (0.33% ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg) before the standardized general anesthesia. Cognitive test battery was completed before LSG and in 1-month and 3-month follow-up. The levels of peripheral inflammatory cytokines were determined at equivalent time points. RESULTS Patients with LSG exhibited massive cognitive improvement in postoperative 3 month without or with TAPB or QLB (Ptime < 0.001). Compared to GA, QLB significantly strengthened performance in MoCA (β = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.08, 1.05). IL-6, IL-8, and high-sensitivity CRP significantly verified among three groups. Changes in IL-6 within postoperative 3 months were negatively correlated with MMSE and MoCA, and positively correlated with AVLT-DR for QLB group. Similar correlation was found in the GA group for changes in IL-6 and AVLT-IR. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ideally improved memory and attention as early as postoperative 1 month. QLB promoted cognitive improvement in MoCA, which was negatively correlated with changes in IL-6. More precise trials are needed to determine the overall effect of peripheral neural block on cognition following bariatric surgery.
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Abdulsada MM, Wilhelm ZR, Opekun AR, Devaraj S, Jalal PK, Mindikoglu AL. The effect of four-week intermittent fasting from dawn to sunset on circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects. Metabol Open 2020; 9:100070. [PMID: 33376976 PMCID: PMC7758552 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key neurotrophin that regulates food intake and energy hemostasis. BDNF also promotes neurogenesis, neuroplasticity, and neuroprotection. There are conflicting reports regarding how intermittent fasting affects circulating BDNF levels. We tested the hypothesis that 4-week intermittent fasting from dawn to sunset (4-week-IF) would decrease circulating BDNF levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects. Methods We conducted pilot studies in subjects with metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects who fasted from dawn to sunset for more than 14 h for four consecutive weeks. We measured serum BDNF levels and metabolic parameters before 4-week-IF, at the end of 4th week during 4-week-IF, and one week after 4-week-IF. Results We enrolled 28 subjects, 14 with metabolic syndrome (women/men:6/8) with a mean age of 59 years and 14 healthy subjects (women/men:1/13) with a mean age of 32 years. Overall, BDNF levels decreased at the end of 4th week during 4-week-IF compared with the levels before 4-week-IF (mean paired difference = −98.5 ng/ml, P = 0.0006). When subjects with metabolic syndrome were compared with healthy subjects, subjects with metabolic syndrome had a lower mean paired reduction in BDNF levels at the end of 4th week during 4-week-IF compared with the levels before 4-week-IF (BDNF mean paired difference = −27.6 ng/ml vs. −169.5 ng/ml, P = 0.003). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between the change in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and change in BDNF levels at the end of 4th week during 4-week-IF compared with the levels before 4-week-IF in subjects with metabolic syndrome (P = 0.040) and healthy subjects (P = 0.007). The change in weight and body mass index independently predicted the change in BDNF levels 1 week after 4-week-IF compared with the levels before 4-week-IF in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion Four-week-IF resulted in a reduction in the BDNF levels at the end of 4th week during 4-week-IF. Higher BDNF levels and a lower reduction in BDNF levels at the end of 4th week during 4-week-IF compared with the levels before 4-week-IF in subjects with metabolic syndrome than healthy subjects suggest a potential BDNF resistance similar to insulin and leptin resistance in metabolic syndrome. A positive correlation between the change in BDNF and change in tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels at the end of 4th week during 4-week-IF compared with the levels before 4-week-IF suggests that BDNF is a biomarker of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in addition to its neurotrophic and anorexigenic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M Abdulsada
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zoe R Wilhelm
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antone R Opekun
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Clinical Chemistry and Point of Care Technology, Texas Children's Hospital and Health Centers, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasun K Jalal
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ayse L Mindikoglu
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Metabolic adaptations after bariatric surgery: adipokines, myokines and hepatokines. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 52:67-74. [PMID: 32688292 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses the impact of bariatric surgery on the endocrine aspects of white adipose tissue, muscle and the liver. We describe literature supporting the notion that adipokines, myokines and hepatokines likely act in concert and drive many of the long-term metabolic improvements following surgery. Circulating adiponectin is increased while secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukins (1, 6 and 8) decreases, alongside leptin secretion. The metabolic improvements observed in the muscle might relate to reduction of myokines contributing to insulin resistance (including myostatin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and fibroblast growth factor-21). Subject to exception, hepatokine secretion is generally increased (such as insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2, adropin and sex hormone-binding globulin). In conclusion, bariatric surgery restores metabolic functions by enhancing the time-dependent secretion of anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing and antilipemic factors. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms by which these factors may trigger the remission of obesity-related comorbidities following bariatric surgery.
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Circulating Diabetic Candidate Neurotrophic Factors, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21, in Sleeve Gastrectomy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5341. [PMID: 32210348 PMCID: PMC7093508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are neurotrophic factors associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) can significantly reduce weight and improve DM. In this study, we enrolled 78 patients with obesity and evaluated the change of BDNF and FGF21 6 months after LSG. At baseline, the BDNF level was similar between the preoperative DM (n = 30) (17.1 ± 7.7 ng/ml) and non-DM (n = 48) (17.0 ± 6.9 ng/ml) patients with obesity, but FGF21 was significantly higher in the DM patients (201.5 ± 204.3 versus 107.6 ± 63.8 pg/ml). At 6 months after LSG, most of the preoperative DM patients (96.7%) had DM either resolved (66.7%) or improved (30%). BDNF increased and FGF21 decreased significantly regardless of the preoperative DM status, while FGF21 decreased more prominently in the preoperative DM patients (-92.6 ± 179.8 versus -4.6 ± 63.4 pg/ml). After adjusted for age, sex, and preoperative DM status, FGF21 became significantly and positively related to C-peptide (β = 18.887), insulin (β = 2.399), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (β = 8.566) after surgery. In conclusion, diabetic patients with obesity had higher FGF21 and similar BDNF levels compared to non-diabetic obese patients. BDNF increased and FGF21 decreased significantly after LSG. FGF21 became positively associated with several insulin-related profiles after surgery.
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Giacomet C, Pochmann D, Peccin P, Boeira M, Dani C, Peres A, Elsner V. Does a HIIT modulate BDNF levels, and epigenetic and muscle damage markers in postmenopausal obese women? COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/cep190026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical studies demonstrated that single bouts of exercise including high intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols are able to modulate muscle damage and epigenetic markers as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in different populations, however, this relationship is lacking in obese women. To evaluate the impact of a single bout of HIIT on creatine kinase (CK), BDNF and global histone H3 and H4 acetylation levels in obese postmenopausal women. The sample consisted of 10 volunteers with a body mass index of 27 to 39.9 kg / m2 that were submitted to a single session of HIIT on a cycle ergometer for 60 s (separated by 75 s of active recovery). In order to measure the biomarkers, blood samples (15 ml) were collected immediately before and immediately after the intervention. Our protocol did not modify any biomarkers (P>0.05), although a negative correlation between fat mass and global histone H3 levels (P=0.022) and between oxygen consumption and global histone H4 levels (P=0.003) were found. A single bout of HIIT on a cycle ergometer is not an effective strategy to modulate histone acetylation status, CK and BDNF levels in postmenopausal obese women. Future studies considering different exercise protocols should be done in order to elucidate this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Giacomet
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Rua Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90420-060, Brazil
| | - D. Pochmann
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Rua Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90420-060, Brazil
| | - P.K. Peccin
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Rua Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90420-060, Brazil
| | - M.C. Boeira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Rua Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90420-060, Brazil
| | - C. Dani
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Rua Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90420-060, Brazil
| | - A. Peres
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90420-060, Brazil
| | - V.R. Elsner
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Rua Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90420-060, Brazil
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Rua Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90420-060, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90420-060, Brazil
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Slopien R, Horst N, Jaremek JD, Chinniah D, Spaczynski R. The impact of surgical treatment of obesity on the female fertility. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:100-102. [PMID: 30599791 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1500536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As obesity is considered to be a pandemic of the twenty-first century, the bariatric surgery becomes more common through the global population. The adverse effects of obesity on fertility can be reversed through the bariatric surgery procedures. In this review, we presented the effects of bariatric surgery on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and fertility, ovarian reserve, and contraception efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Slopien
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Nikodem Horst
- b Department of General of Colorectal Surgery , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | | | | | - Robert Spaczynski
- d Department of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
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Glud M, Christiansen T, Larsen LH, Richelsen B, Bruun JM. Changes in Circulating BDNF in relation to Sex, Diet, and Exercise: A 12-Week Randomized Controlled Study in Overweight and Obese Participants. J Obes 2019; 2019:4537274. [PMID: 31781387 PMCID: PMC6875316 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4537274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating BDNF is higher in women than in men and suggested to be affected by changes in food intake, body weight, and exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare BDNF concentrations in women and men during a 12-week weight loss intervention. Using a previously published 12-week randomized study, serum BDNF was assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Fifty overweight or obese but healthy individuals (26 women, mean age of 36.4 ± 7.9 years; 24 men, mean age of 38.0 ± 5.9 years) were included and allocated into three groups: exercise-only (EXO; 12 weeks of aerobic exercise and isocaloric diet), diet-only (DIO; 8 weeks of very low energy diet (VLED 600 kcal/day) followed by a 4-week weight maintenance diet), or diet and exercise (DEX; 12 weeks of aerobic exercise in parallel with 8 weeks of VLED (800 kcal/day) followed by a 4-week weight maintenance diet). At baseline, BDNF levels were 25% higher in women compared to men (p=0.006). Body weight was reduced in all intervention groups (p < 0.006). Exercise (EXO group) induced a 22% reduction in circulating BDNF in men (p=0.037) and women (p=0.080). In the DIO and DEX groups, a significant reduction in BDNF levels (29.9%; p=0.035 and 32.5%; p=0.003, respectively) was observed in women but not in men. In conclusion, circulating BDNF was significantly changed by diet alone or combined with exercise in women and only by exercise alone in men. This suggests that changes in circulating BDNF depend on weight loss methods (diet/exercise) as well as sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Glud
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - T. Christiansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (MEA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L. H. Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - B. Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (MEA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J. M. Bruun
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (MEA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Medical Department M, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
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Muñoz-Rodríguez JR, Agarrado A, Martín-Fernández J, Salas E, González-Martín C, Alguacil LF. Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in morbid obesity. One-year follow-up after gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018; 14:1732-1739. [PMID: 30274741 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Agarrado
- University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain; University Hospital of Jerez, SAS, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Elisabet Salas
- University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Martín
- University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain; School of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, Boadilla, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis F Alguacil
- University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain; School of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, Boadilla, Madrid, Spain
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de Luis DA, Romero E, Izaola O, Primo D, Aller R. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Insulin Resistance after Two Hypocaloric Diets with Different Fat Distribution in Obese Subjects: Effect of the rs10767664 Gene Variant in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2018; 10:163-171. [PMID: 29339649 DOI: 10.1159/000485248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) variants on change in body weight and cardiovascular risk factors after weight loss remains unclear in obese patients. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to analyze the effects of the rs10767664 BDNF gene polymorphism on body weight, cardiovascular risk factors, and serum adipokine levels after a high monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) hypocaloric diet (diet M) versus a high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) hypocaloric diet (diet P). METHODS A Caucasian population of 361 obese patients was enrolled. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to one of two diets for a period of 3 months. RESULTS Two hundred and sixteen subjects (59.8%) had the genotype AA (wild-type group), and 145 (40.2%) patients had the genotypes AT (122 patients, 33.8%) or TT (23 patients, 6.4%) (mutant-type group). After weight loss with diet P and diet M and in both genotype groups, body mass index, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, serum leptin levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol decreased in a significant way. Secondary to weight loss with diet M and only in the wild-type group, insulin levels (-2.1 ± 2.0 vs. -0.7 ± 2.9 IU/L, p < 0.05) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (-0.7 ± 0.9 vs. -0.3 ± 1.0 U, p < 0.05) decreased. CONCLUSION Our data show that the rs10767664 variant of the BDNF gene modifies insulin resistance and insulin levels after weight loss with a hypocaloric diet enriched with MUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antonio de Luis
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medical School and Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Simancas, Spain
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de Luis DA, Izaola O, Primo D, Pacheco D. Effect of the rs10767664 Variant of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene on Weight Change and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Morbidly Obese Patients after Biliopancreatic Diversion Surgery. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2016; 9:116-122. [DOI: 10.1159/000448102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lee SY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Chen PS, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Wang CL, Wang LJ, Lee IH, Wang TY, Chen KC, Yang YK, Hong JS, Lu RB. Correlation of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor and metabolic profiles in drug-naïve patients with bipolar II disorder after a twelve-week pharmacological intervention. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 131:120-8. [PMID: 25131388 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) and metabolic syndrome. We investigated the correlation between plasma BDNF with mood symptoms and metabolic indices in patients with BD-II over a 12-week pharmacological intervention. METHOD Drug-naïve patients with BD-II (n=117) were recruited. Metabolic profiles [cholesterol, triglyceride, HbA1C, fasting serum glucose, body mass index (BMI)] and plasma BDNF wtrun "tblautotrun "tblsctrun "tbl_contere measured at baseline and 2, 8, and 12 weeks after beginning medication. To adjust within-subject dependence over repeated assessments, multiple linear regressions with generalized estimating equation methods were used. RESULTS Seventy-six (65.0%) patients completed the intervention. Plasma BDNF levels were significantly associated with BMI (P=9.6E-5), low-density lipoprotein (P=0.034) and total (P=0.001) cholesterol, but not with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 and Young Mania Rating Scale scores over the 12-week treatment. CONCLUSION We found initial evidence of a positive correlation between plasma BDNF levels and BMI, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol in drug-naïve patients with BD-II. The specific function of BDNF in regulating and maintaining peripheral metabolic health requires additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Merhi Z, Irani M, Doswell AD, Ambroggio J. Follicular fluid soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE): a potential indicator of ovarian reserve. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E226-33. [PMID: 24276462 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The interaction of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) with their cellular receptor (RAGE) is implicated in the pathogenesis of abnormal ovarian follicular growth. RAGE has a circulating secretory receptor form, soluble RAGE (sRAGE), which neutralizes the action of AGEs and might exert a protective role on the follicular environment. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate whether serum or follicular fluid (FF) sRAGE levels are associated with markers of ovarian reserve. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and sRAGE protein levels were correlated in 31 reproductive-aged women. An additional 33 women who underwent oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization were enrolled. AMH and its receptor (AMHR-II) mRNA levels were quantified in cumulus granulosa cells and FF sRAGE and AMH protein levels were measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Granulosa cell AMH and AMHR-II gene expression, serum and FF AMH and sRAGE protein concentration, and number of oocytes retrieved were measured. RESULTS In the serum, sRAGE levels were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.5, P < .001) but not with age or serum AMH. The higher the FF sRAGE, the lower the number of international units of gonadotropin needed per cycle independent of age, BMI, or day 3 FSH level (r = -0.4, P = .04). After adjusting for age, BMI, day 3 FSH, and the total dose of gonadotropins, FF sRAGE predicted the number of oocytes retrieved (R(2) = 0.27, P = .045). FF sRAGE positively correlated with FF AMH levels (r = 0.5, P = .0085). RT-PCR results showed no correlation between the FF sRAGE and AMH or AMHR-II mRNA levels. CONCLUSION These data support a relationship between FF sRAGE and measures of ovarian reserve. The pathological significance of the harmful inflammatory AGEs in follicular health clearly requires further investigation. Targeting AGEs might offer potential therapeutic options for the treatment of diminished ovarian response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Merhi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (Z.M., A.D.D., J.A.), Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05401; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.I.), Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11219
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Alosco ML, Spitznagel MB, Strain G, Devlin M, Cohen R, Paul R, Crosby RD, Mitchell JE, Gunstad J. Improved memory function two years after bariatric surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:32-8. [PMID: 23625587 PMCID: PMC4054602 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is as an independent risk factor for poor neurocognitive outcomes, including Alzheimer's disease. Bariatric surgery has recently been shown to result in improved memory at 12-weeks postoperatively. However, the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on cognitive function remain unclear. DESIGN AND METHODS Eighty-six individuals (63 bariatric surgery patients, 23 obese controls) were recruited from a prospective study examining the neurocognitive effects of bariatric surgery. All participants completed self-report measurements and a computerized cognitive test battery prior to surgery and at 12-week and 24-month follow-up; obese controls completed measures at equivalent time points. RESULTS Bariatric surgery patients exhibited high rates of pre-operative cognitive impairments in attention, executive function, memory, and language. Relative to obese controls, repeated measures ANOVA showed improvements in memory from baseline to 12-weeks and 24-months postoperatively (P < 0.05). Regression analyses controlling for baseline factors revealed that a lower BMI at 24-months demonstrated a trend toward significance for improved memory (β = -.30, P = 0.075). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that cognitive benefits of bariatric surgery may extend to 24-months postoperatively. Larger prospective studies with extended follow-up periods are needed to elucidate whether bariatric surgery decreases risk for cognitive decline and possibly the development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ronald Cohen
- University of Florida Institute on Aging, Gainesville FL
| | - Robert Paul
- University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences and Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND
| | - James E. Mitchell
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences and Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND
| | - John Gunstad
- Kent State University, Kent, OH
- Summa Health System, Akron OH
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Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors play a role in female reproduction? SUMMARY ANSWER AGEs might contribute to the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and infertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The endogenous AGEs are produced in the body by chemical reactions. Exogenous sources of AGEs are diet and smoking. AGEs have been proposed to be among the main intermediaries involved in several diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, ovarian aging, inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders and PCOS. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A systematic review was performed for all available basic science and clinical peer-reviewed articles published in PubMed from 1987 to date. Abstracts of annual meetings of the Endocrine Society and American Society for Reproductive Medicine were also reviewed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 275 publications and scientific abstracts were identified from the initial search. Sixty-two papers and four published scientific abstracts were selected for full review. The main outcomes were the regulatory effects of AGEs on: (i) granulosa cells, adipocyte physiology, obesity and insulin resistance in women with PCOS and in polycystic ovary animal models and (ii) infertility and measures of ovarian reserve. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE There is an intricate relationship between the AGE-RAGE (receptor for AGEs) system and some aspects of PCOS, such as granulosa cell dysfunction, adipocyte pathophysiology, obesity and insulin resistance. Additionally, irregular ovarian AGE signaling might in part explain the abnormal ovarian histology observed in women with PCOS. The ovarian dysfunction due to AGEs in women without PCOS suggests a role for the AGE-RAGE system in the ovarian follicular environment, and might relate to assisted reproduction technology outcome and measures of ovarian reserve. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The body of literature currently available limits these findings. The results obtained from granulosa cell lines and animal models may not fully extrapolate to humans. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This review underscores a critical need to unveil the exact mechanistic actions of AGEs in reproductive physiology and more specifically the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. AGE inhibitors might present an emerging therapeutic approach with significant applications in the context of PCOS and infertility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) American Society for Reproductive Medicine New Investigator Award and University of Vermont College of Medicine Internal Funds. No competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Merhi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington VT 05401, USA
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Lifestyle modification and behavior therapy effectively reduce body weight and increase serum level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in obese non-diabetic patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2013; 209:150-4. [PMID: 23219101 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to elucidate the relationship between serum circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and body weight reduction via lifestyle modification and behavior therapy in obese non-diabetic patients with chronic schizophrenia. Thirty-three obese non-diabetic subjects with schizophrenia treated with stable antipsychotic medication in a day-care unit for at least 3 months were recruited. Thirty age-, body weight-matched subjects without psychiatric disorders were enrolled as controls. All participants underwent a 10-week weight reduction program, including lifestyle modification, psychosocial treatment, behavior therapy and exercise in the day-care unit. Blood biochemistry, serum BDNF, adipokine (adiponectin), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6) and oral glucose tolerance test were evaluated before and after the program. Serum BDNF concentrations were significantly lower among patients with schizophrenia compared to control subjects. Serum BDNF levels were significantly increased following the weight reduction program. Elevations in serum BDNF levels were positively correlated with body weight and body mass index reduction. Altogether, our results demonstrate that a non-pharmacological weight reduction program effectively reduces body weight with significant elevation of serum BDNF levels in obese non-diabetic patients with schizophrenia.
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Sensory impairment in obese patients? Sensitivity and pain detection thresholds for electrical stimulation after surgery-induced weight loss, and comparison with a nonobese population. Clin J Pain 2013; 29:43-9. [PMID: 22688605 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0b013e31824786ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obese patients have a high prevalence of painful musculoskeletal disorders that may decrease after massive weight loss. Pain thresholds may be different in obese participants. OBJECTIVES To assess the sensitivity and pain detection thresholds, through the application of an electrical sensitivity, before and after massive weight loss, and to compare the thresholds obtained with those in a control population. METHODS The sensitivity and pain detection thresholds obtained in participants subjected to electrical stimulation were determined in 31 obese individuals (age: 40.3 ± 10.5 y) before (body mass index: 45.7 ± 6.8 kg/m) and 6 months after a mean weight loss of 32 kg induced by gastric bypass. The results obtained were compared with those for 49 nonobese control participants (38.5 ± 11.2 y; body mass index: 22.6 ± 2.6 kg/m). Body composition and metabolic biomarkers, such as leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and interleukin 6, were assessed and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the mu opioid receptor [OPRM1 (c.118A > G) and COMT (p.Val158Met)] were genotyped in obese patients. RESULTS Sensitivity and pain detection thresholds (3.9 ± 1.1; 11.6 ± 6.0) were significantly higher in obese than in nonobese participants (3.1 ± 1.1; 6.0 ± 3.0), respectively (P < 0.0001), and were not affected by drastic weight loss (mean change: 32 kg). Pain thresholds in obese participants were not correlated with any of the clinical and biological variables studied. The obese participants in the highest quartile for both sensitivity and pain detection thresholds were significantly older than those in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are required to explore sensory dysfunction in obese individuals and to investigate the implications of this dysfunction for pain management.
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Noble EE, Billington CJ, Kotz CM, Wang C. The lighter side of BDNF. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 300:R1053-69. [PMID: 21346243 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00776.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates energy metabolism and feeding behavior. As a neurotrophin, BDNF promotes neuronal differentiation, survival during early development, adult neurogenesis, and neural plasticity; thus, there is the potential that BDNF could modify circuits important to eating behavior and energy expenditure. The possibility that "faulty" circuits could be remodeled by BDNF is an exciting concept for new therapies for obesity and eating disorders. In the hypothalamus, BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), are extensively expressed in areas associated with feeding and metabolism. Hypothalamic BDNF and TrkB appear to inhibit food intake and increase energy expenditure, leading to negative energy balance. In the hippocampus, the involvement of BDNF in neural plasticity and neurogenesis is important to learning and memory, but less is known about how BDNF participates in energy homeostasis. We review current research about BDNF in specific brain locations related to energy balance, environmental, and behavioral influences on BDNF expression and the possibility that BDNF may influence energy homeostasis via its role in neurogenesis and neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Noble
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GRECC 11G, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Gunstad J, Strain G, Devlin MJ, Wing R, Cohen RA, Paul RH, Crosby RD, Mitchell JE. Improved memory function 12 weeks after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2010; 7:465-72. [PMID: 21145295 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has shown that obesity is associated with poor neurocognitive outcomes. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be an effective intervention for morbid obesity and can result in improvement of many co-morbid medical conditions that are associated with cognitive dysfunction. The effects of bariatric surgery on cognition are unknown. METHODS We performed a prospective study total of 150 subjects (109 bariatric surgery patients enrolled in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery project and 41 obese control subjects who had not undergone bariatric surgery). These 150 subjects completed a cognitive evaluation at baseline and at 12 weeks of follow-up. The demographic, medical, and psychosocial information was also collected to elucidate the possible mechanisms of change. RESULTS Many bariatric surgery patients exhibited impaired performance on cognitive testing at baseline (range 4.6-23.9%). However, the surgery patients were no more likely to exhibit a decline on ≥2 cognitive tests at 12 weeks of follow-up than were the obese controls [12.84% versus 23.26%; chi-square (1) = 2.51, P = .11]. Group comparisons using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance showed that the surgery patients had improved memory performance at 12 weeks of follow-up [λ = .86, F(4, 147) = 5.88, P <.001]; however, the memory performance of the obese controls had actually declined. Regression analyses showed that the surgery patients without hypertension had better short delay recall at 12 weeks than those with hypertension [β = .31, P = .005], although the other demographic and medical variables were largely unrelated to the test performance. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that cognitive impairment is common in bariatric surgery patients, although these deficits might be at least partly reversible. Future studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms, in particular, longitudinal studies using neuroimaging and blood markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gunstad
- Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA.
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Circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and indices of metabolic and cardiovascular health: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10099. [PMID: 20404913 PMCID: PMC2852401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides its well-established role in nerve cell survival and adaptive plasticity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is also involved in energy homeostasis and cardiovascular regulation. Although BDNF is present in the systemic circulation, it is unknown whether plasma BDNF correlates with circulating markers of dysregulated metabolism and an adverse cardiovascular profile. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To determine whether circulating BDNF correlates with indices of metabolic and cardiovascular health, we measured plasma BDNF levels in 496 middle-age and elderly subjects (mean age approximately 70), in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Linear regression analysis revealed that plasma BDNF is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, regardless of age. In females, BDNF was positively correlated with BMI, fat mass, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, and inversely correlated with folate. In males, BDNF was positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, free thiiodo-thyronine (FT3), and bioavailable testosterone, and inversely correlated with sex-hormone binding globulin, and adiponectin. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Plasma BDNF significantly correlates with multiple risk factors for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular dysfunction. Whether BDNF contributes to the pathogenesis of these disorders or functions in adaptive responses to cellular stress (as occurs in the brain) remains to be determined.
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Merhi ZO. Impact of bariatric surgery on female reproduction. Fertil Steril 2009; 92:1501-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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