1
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Zhao CC, Scott M, Eisenberg ML. Male Fertility as a Proxy for Health. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5559. [PMID: 39337044 PMCID: PMC11432267 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Male fertility is affected by a wide range of medical conditions that directly and indirectly affect spermatogenesis. As such, it can be useful as both an indicator of current health and a predictive factor for future health outcomes. Herein, we discuss the current literature regarding the association between male fertility and systemic health conditions and exposures. We review the connection between male fertility and genetics, medications, diet, and environmental pollutants, as well as its effects on future oncologic, cardiovascular, and autoimmune conditions. Understanding this interplay will allow more health care providers to engage in health counseling that will not only improve men's reproductive outcomes but also their overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C Zhao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Scott
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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2
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Wyrwoll MJ, Steingröver J. Reproductive genetics and health. MED GENET-BERLIN 2024; 36:179-188. [PMID: 39257928 PMCID: PMC11382347 DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2024-2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
For those affected, infertility is linked to impaired overall health and reduced life expectancy. In particular, infertile individuals bear an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and different types of cancer, partially due to lifestyle differences and to genetic alterations that cause both infertility and an increased cancer risk. Genetic variants causing an increased CVD risk are more commonly found in infertile individuals, but their link to infertility remains unclear. Offspring of infertile couples, conceived via medically assisted reproduction, are as likely as their parents to exhibit or develop adiposity, hormonal alterations such as insulin resistance, and infertility. The effects on health of subsequent generations are completely unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot J Wyrwoll
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine University of Edinburgh 5 Little France Drive EH16 4UU Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Steingröver
- Centre of Medical Genetics University and University Hospital of Münster Vesaliusweg 12-14 48149 Münster Germany
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3
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Kobayashi H, Uetani M, Yamabe F, Mitsui Y, Nakajima K, Nagao K. A new model for determining risk of male infertility from serum hormone levels, without semen analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17079. [PMID: 39085312 PMCID: PMC11291977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated a screening method using only serum hormone levels and AI (artificial intelligence) predictive analysis. Among 3662 patients, numbers for NOA (non-obstructive azoospermia), OA (obstructive azoospermia), cryptozoospermia, oligozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia, normal, and ejaculation disorder were 448, 210, 46, 1619, 1333, and 6, respectively. "Normal" was defined as semen findings normal according to the WHO (World Health Organization) Manual for Human Semen Testing of 2021. We extracted age, LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), PRL (prolactin), testosterone, E2 (estradiol), and T (testosterone)/E2 from medical records. A total motility sperm count of 9.408 × 106 (1.4 ml × 16 × 106/ml × 42%) was defined as the lower limit of normal. The Prediction One-based AI model had an AUC (area under the curve) of 74.42%. For the AutoML Tables-based model, AUC ROC (receiver operating characteristic) was 74.2% and AUC PR (precision-recall) 77.2%. In a ranking of feature importance from 1st to 3rd, FSH came a clear 1st. T/E2 and LH ranked 2nd and 3rd for both Prediction One and AutoML Tables. Using data from 2021 and 2022 to verify the Prediction One-based AI model, the predicted and actual results for NOA were 100% matched in both years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Masato Uetani
- Department of Urology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Fumito Yamabe
- Department of Urology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Yozo Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakajima
- Department of Urology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Koichi Nagao
- Department of Urology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
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4
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Pozzi E, Belladelli F, Corsini C, Boeri L, Capogrosso P, Fallara G, Candela L, Bertini A, Cattafi F, Raffo M, Cazzaniga W, Ventimiglia E, d'Arma A, Alfano M, Matloob R, Papaleo E, Candiani M, Montorsi F, Salonia A. Contemporary Diagnostic Work-Up for Male Infertility: Emphasizing Comprehensive Baseline Assessment. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e63. [PMID: 39028127 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.240069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a prevalent issue affecting many couples during their reproductive years, with a significant number facing challenges in conceiving despite regular unprotected intercourse. Male factor infertility (MFI) contributes significantly to these cases, with a significant proportion of men lacking an identifiable etiology. As such, a thorough assessment of MFI has become increasingly vital for personalized management. This position paper from the Andrology team at IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele emphasizes a comprehensive and individualized approach to MFI work-up, addressing the evolving challenges encountered in clinical practice. Our approach involves a thorough diagnostic work-up to identify the underlying causes of MFI, integrating insights from extensive literature review and our proprietary data. Our data demonstrates that an extensive diagnostic assessment allows us to identify at least one underlying cause of MFI in most infertile men. However, challenges persist in diagnosing less severe phenotypes with unclear etiology. We discuss the importance of individualized MFI work-up and its implications for developing rational therapeutic protocols. Lastly, this paper highlights the necessity for a personalized diagnostic assessment, addressing the daily clinical challenges and emphasizing tailored approaches to try to improve outcomes among couples seeking first medical help for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Pozzi
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Belladelli
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Corsini
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boeri
- Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Department of Urology, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital - ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fallara
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Candela
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertini
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cattafi
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Raffo
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Cazzaniga
- Department of Urology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eugenio Ventimiglia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia d'Arma
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rayan Matloob
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Papaleo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Candiani
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Asero V, Scornajenghi CM, Iaconis S, Sicignano E, Falcone A, Dinacci F, Pagano G, Carino D, Corvino R, Tresh A. Interplay between male gonadal function and overall male health. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 35:105-110. [PMID: 38830206 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2024-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The process-of-male reproduction is intricate, and various medical conditions-have the potential to disrupt spermatogenesis. Moreover, infertility in males can serve as an indicator of-potential future health issue. Numerous conditions with systemic implications have been identified, encompassing genetic factors (such as Klinefelter Syndrome), obesity, psychological stress, environmental factors, and others. Consequently, infertility assessment-presents an opportunity for comprehensive health counseling, extending-beyond discussions about reproductive goals. Furthermore, male infertility has been suggested as a harbinger of future health problems, as poor semen quality and a diagnosis of-male infertility are associated with an increased risk of hypogonadism, cardiometabolic disorders, cancer, and even mortality. This review explores the existing-literature on the relationship between systemic illnesses and male fertility, impacting both clinical-outcomes and semen parameters. The majority of the literature analyzed, which compared gonadal function with genetic, chronic, infectious or tumoral diseases, confirm the association between overall male health and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Asero
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, 9311 University of Rome La Sapienza , Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Scornajenghi
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, 9311 University of Rome La Sapienza , Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iaconis
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, 165474 Federico II University Hospital , Napoli, Italy
| | - Enrico Sicignano
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, 165474 Federico II University Hospital , Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Falcone
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, 9307 University of Naples Federico II , Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dinacci
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, 165474 Federico II University Hospital , Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, 9307 University of Naples Federico II , Napoli, Italy
| | - Dalila Carino
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, 9311 University of Rome La Sapienza , Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Corvino
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, 9311 University of Rome La Sapienza , Rome, Italy
| | - Anas Tresh
- Department of Urology, 10624 Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
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6
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Shen H, Cai Y, Zhu K, Wang D, Yu R, Chen X. Enniatin B1 induces damage to Leydig cells via inhibition of the Nrf2/HO-1 and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116116. [PMID: 38387140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Enniatin B1 (ENN B1) is a mycotoxin that can be found in various foods. However, whether ENN B1 is hazardous to the reproductive system is still elusive. Leydig cells are testosterone-generating cells that reside in the interstitial compartment between seminiferous tubules. Dysfunction of Leydig cells could result in male infertility. This study aimed to examine the toxicological effects of ENN B1 against TM3 Leydig cells. ENN B1 significantly inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. ENN B1 treatment also decreased the expression of functional genes in Leydig cells. Moreover, ENN B1 induced Leydig cells apoptosis and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, ENN B1 leads to the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 in Leydig cells. In addition, ENN B1 inhibited the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which is critical for the induction of oxidative stress. Additionally, ENN B1 treatment repressed the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in Leydig cells. Rescue experiments showed that activation of STAT3 resulted in alleviation of ENN B1-induced damage in Leydig cells. Collectively, our study demonstrated that ENN B1 induced Leydig cell dysfunction via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yili Cai
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Keqi Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shanghai Houyu Medical Equiment Co., Ltd, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningbo University, China.
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.
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7
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Greenberg DR, Panken EJ, Keeter MK, Bennett NE, Brannigan RE, Halpern JA. Reproductive Urology Consultation Is an Opportunity to Evaluate for Medical Comorbidity: The Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity at Fertility Evaluation. Cureus 2024; 16:e57071. [PMID: 38681328 PMCID: PMC11052603 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (EBP), hypertension (HTN), and obesity among men presenting for fertility evaluation. Methods We retrospectively evaluated all men presenting for male infertility consultation at a single institution from 2000 to 2018. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were abstracted from the electronic health record, and EBP/HTN was defined according to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines (systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 120 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 80 mmHg). Descriptive statistics were used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of men with and without EBP/HTN or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and logistic regression was utilized to determine associations with EBP/HTN. Results Among 4,127 men, 1,370 (33.2%) had a recorded SBP and DBP within one year of their initial visit. EBP/HTN was noted in 857 (62.6%) men. A total of 249 (18.2%) men were obese, 863 (63.0%) were non-obese, and 258 (18.8%) did not have BMI recorded. HTN and obesity were jointly present in 195 (17.5%) men. There was no significant difference in age, ethnicity, or total motile sperm count between men with and without EBP/HTN. On multivariable analysis, BMI was significantly associated with EBP/HTN (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08-1.18, p < 0.001). Conclusion More than half of men presenting for initial fertility consultation have either EBP, obesity, or both. Reproductive urologists should consider routinely screening for these conditions and encourage men to seek further evaluation and treatment, when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Greenberg
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Evan J Panken
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Mary Kate Keeter
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Nelson E Bennett
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Robert E Brannigan
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Joshua A Halpern
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
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8
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Aşır F, Duran SÇ, Afşin M, Duran E, Korak T, Şahin F. Investigation of Vitamin D Levels in Men with Suspected Infertility. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:273. [PMID: 38398783 PMCID: PMC10889942 DOI: 10.3390/life14020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Male infertility may be caused by an impaired sperm functionality, with insufficient vitamin D levels affecting the quantity and development of motile sperm. Given the influence of vitamin D on vital aspects of male infertility, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between vitamin D levels and male infertility, along with exploring the possible mechanism of action. A total of 306 male participants were included. Semen samples were collected and analyzed for semen parameters with demographic features. Patients were classified into two groups based on vitamin D levels of <20 ng/mL (low) and ≥20 ng/mL (high). The Super-PRED, Swiss TargetPrediction, GeneCards, and DisGeNET databases were utilized to retrieve potential molecular targets associated with both vitamin D and male infertility, while the STRING database was employed for constructing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and conducting a functional enrichment analysis. A total of 146 patients (47.71%) showed low vitamin D levels and 160 patients (52.29%) had high vitamin D levels. Vitamin D was not strongly influenced by demographic parameters. Vitamin D demonstrated significant positive correlations with type A and B sperm motility. Conversely, it exhibited significant negative correlations with type C and D sperm motility. Hormones (thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, estradiol) were not significantly associated with vitamin D; however, testosterone was significantly positive correlated with vitamin D. Notably, no significant correlation was found between vitamin D levels and iron, ferritin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels. The functional annotations of potential vitamin D targets associated with male infertility primarily indicated involvement in regulating infection, the immune response, forkhead box O (FOXO) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) signals in male infertility. Adequate vitamin D levels are associated with an improved reproductive health, evidenced by positive correlations with hormone levels and sperm motility. Specifically, the FOXO and HIF-1 signaling pathways may be effective in the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of vitamin D on male infertility and/or in the significant correlations identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fırat Aşır
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey; (S.Ç.D.); (F.Ş.)
| | - Senem Çetin Duran
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey; (S.Ç.D.); (F.Ş.)
| | - Muhammet Afşin
- Department of Andrology, Health Sciences University, Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, 21090 Diyarbakir, Turkey;
| | - Enis Duran
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65000 Van, Turkey;
| | - Tuğcan Korak
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Turkey;
| | - Fırat Şahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey; (S.Ç.D.); (F.Ş.)
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9
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Kimmins S, Anderson RA, Barratt CLR, Behre HM, Catford SR, De Jonge CJ, Delbes G, Eisenberg ML, Garrido N, Houston BJ, Jørgensen N, Krausz C, Lismer A, McLachlan RI, Minhas S, Moss T, Pacey A, Priskorn L, Schlatt S, Trasler J, Trasande L, Tüttelmann F, Vazquez-Levin MH, Veltman JA, Zhang F, O'Bryan MK. Frequency, morbidity and equity - the case for increased research on male fertility. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:102-124. [PMID: 37828407 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, most men with infertility cannot be given an aetiology, which reflects a lack of knowledge around gamete production and how it is affected by genetics and the environment. A failure to recognize the burden of male infertility and its potential as a biomarker for systemic illness exists. The absence of such knowledge results in patients generally being treated as a uniform group, for whom the strategy is to bypass the causality using medically assisted reproduction (MAR) techniques. In doing so, opportunities to prevent co-morbidity are missed and the burden of MAR is shifted to the woman. To advance understanding of men's reproductive health, longitudinal and multi-national centres for data and sample collection are essential. Such programmes must enable an integrated view of the consequences of genetics, epigenetics and environmental factors on fertility and offspring health. Definition and possible amelioration of the consequences of MAR for conceived children are needed. Inherent in this statement is the necessity to promote fertility restoration and/or use the least invasive MAR strategy available. To achieve this aim, protocols must be rigorously tested and the move towards personalized medicine encouraged. Equally, education of the public, governments and clinicians on the frequency and consequences of infertility is needed. Health options, including male contraceptives, must be expanded, and the opportunities encompassed in such investment understood. The pressing questions related to male reproductive health, spanning the spectrum of andrology are identified in the Expert Recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kimmins
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher L R Barratt
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Hermann M Behre
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sarah R Catford
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Geraldine Delbes
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Garrido
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Brendan J Houston
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Csilla Krausz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, University Hospital of Careggi Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ariane Lismer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert I McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash IVF Group, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial, London, UK
| | - Tim Moss
- Healthy Male and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allan Pacey
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jacquetta Trasler
- Departments of Paediatrics, Human Genetics and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Center for the Investigation of Environmental Hazards, Department of Paediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mónica Hebe Vazquez-Levin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Fundación IBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
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Fallara G, Pozzi E, Belladelli F, Boeri L, Capogrosso P, Corona G, D'Arma A, Alfano M, Montorsi F, Salonia A. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Impact of Infertility on Men's General Health. Eur Urol Focus 2024; 10:98-106. [PMID: 37573151 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Male infertility has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide the most critical evidence on the association between infertility and the risk of incident comorbidities in males. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, and registered on PROSPERO. All published studies on infertile versus fertile men regarding overall mortality and risks of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular events were selected from a database search on PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. Forest plot and quasi-individual patient data meta-analysis were used for pooled analyses. A risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Overall, an increased risk of death from any cause was found for infertile men (hazard risk [HR] 1.37, [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.04-1.81], p = 0.027), and a 30-yr survival probability of 91.0% (95% CI 89.6-92.4%) was found for infertile versus 95.9% (95% CI 95.3-96.4%) for fertile men (p < 0.001). An increased risk emerged of being diagnosed with testis cancer (relative risk [RR] 1.86 [95% CI 1.41-2.45], p < 0.001), melanoma (RR 1.30 [95% CI 1.08-1.56], p = 0.006), and prostate cancer (RR 1.66 [95% CI 1.06-2.61], p < 0.001). As well, an increased risk of diabetes (HR 1.39 [95% CI 1.09-1.71], p = 0.008), with a 30-yr probability of diabetes of 25.0% (95% CI 21.1-26.9%) for infertile versus 17.1% (95% CI 16.1-18.1%) for fertile men (p < 0.001), and an increased risk of cardiovascular events (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.00-1.44], p = 0.049), with a probability of major cardiovascular events of 13.9% (95% CI 13.3-14.6%) for fertile versus 15.7% (95% CI 14.3-16.9%) for infertile men (p = 0.008), emerged. CONCLUSIONS There is statistical evidence that a diagnosis of male infertility is associated with increased risks of death and incident comorbidities. Owing to the overall high risk of bias, results should be interpreted carefully. PATIENT SUMMARY Male fertility is a proxy of general men's health and as such should be seen as an opportunity to improve preventive strategies for overall men's health beyond the immediate reproductive goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fallara
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Urology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pozzi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Belladelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boeri
- Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ospedale di Circolo and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Medical Department, Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Usl, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Arma
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Nadjarzadeh A, Fallahzadeh A, Abasi A, Poornematy MM, Farahzadi HR, Fatemi Aghda SA. Determining the content and needs assessment a mobile-based self-care program in infertile men. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:258. [PMID: 37957627 PMCID: PMC10644630 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a public health problem in the world, using new technology, such as mobile phones, is increasing in the field of health. This study aimed to determine the Necessity of self-care training contents by performing a needs analysis among men with infertility problems to design a mobile phone-based application. METHODS Followed by reviewing the related literature, a questionnaire including 40 educational items and seven software features was designed in three general sections and distributed among 30 specialists in nutrition (n = 18) and infertility (n = 12). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts in nutrition, infertility, and medical informatics. The questionnaire's reliability was also corroborated by Cronbach's alpha of 86.4. RESULTS All items related to the software features and most items in the questionnaire were deemed necessary by participants. However, the items: "Occupation and history of chronic diseases" in the demographic information section and "Effects of infertility and food allergy" in the educational section were not confirmed. CONCLUSION The present findings could not only highlight the patients' roles in managing their disease but also increase the healthcare workers' awareness in designing the hospital information system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Fallahzadeh
- Research Center for Health Technology Assessment and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Arezoo Abasi
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Poornematy
- Research Center for Health Technology Assessment and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Farahzadi
- Research Center for Health Technology Assessment and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Fatemi Aghda
- Research Center for Health Technology Assessment and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Ellis LB, Molina K, Robbins CR, Freisthler M, Sgargi D, Mandrioli D, Perry MJ. Adult Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticide Exposure and Sperm Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Epidemiological Evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:116001. [PMID: 37966213 PMCID: PMC10648769 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of the negative impacts of contemporary use insecticides on sperm concentration has increased over the last few decades; however, meta-analyses on this topic are rare. OBJECTIVES This investigation assessed the qualitative and quantitative strength of epidemiological evidence regarding adult exposure to two classes of contemporary use insecticides-organophosphates (OPs) and N -methyl carbamates (NMCs)-and sperm concentration using robust and reproducible systematic review and meta-analysis methods. METHODS Three scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science), two U.S. government databases (NIOSHTIC-2 and Science.gov), and five nongovernmental organization websites were searched for relevant primary epidemiological studies published in any language through 11 August 2022. Risk of bias and strength of evidence were evaluated according to Navigation Guide systematic review methodology. Bias-adjusted standardized mean difference effect sizes were calculated and pooled using a three-level, multivariate random-effect meta-analysis model with cluster-robust variance estimation. RESULTS Across 20 studies, 21 study populations, 42 effect sizes, and 1,774 adult men, the pooled bias-adjusted standardized mean difference in sperm concentration between adult men more- and less-exposed to OP and NMC insecticides was - 0.30 (95% CI: - 0.49 , - 0.10 ; P Satt < 0.01 ). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses explored statistical heterogeneity and validated the model robustness. Although the pooled effect estimate was modified by risk of bias, insecticide class, exposure setting, and recruitment setting, it remained negative in direction across all meta-analyses. The body of evidence was rated to be of moderate quality, with sufficient evidence of an association between higher adult OP and NMC insecticide exposure and lower sperm concentration. DISCUSSION This comprehensive investigation found sufficient evidence of an association between higher OP and NMC insecticide exposure and lower sperm concentration in adults. Although additional cohort studies can be beneficial to fill data gaps, the strength of evidence warrants reducing exposure to OP and NMC insecticides now to prevent continued male reproductive harm. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12678.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Ellis
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Karen Molina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - C. Rebecca Robbins
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Marlaina Freisthler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Daria Sgargi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melissa J. Perry
- College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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13
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Fallara G, Capogrosso P, Pozzi E, Belladelli F, Cilio S, Corsini C, Candela L, Raffo M, Boeri L, Ventimiglia E, Pontillo M, Cotellessa A, d'Arma A, Alfano M, Montorsi F, Salonia A. Kidney function impairment in men with primary infertility: A case-control analysis. Andrology 2023; 11:1377-1385. [PMID: 36869865 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertile men have a worse overall health status than their fertile counterparts. OBJECTIVE We aimed to (1) compare kidney function in men presenting for primary couple's infertility with that of fertile men and (2) assess kidney function impairment toward sperm quality in infertile men. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 387 consecutive white-European infertile men were matched by age with 134 same-ethnicity fertile men. Complete clinical and laboratory data were available for each patient. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration function was used for estimated glomerular filtration rate calculation. Kidney functional impairment was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 , according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to (1) assess the association between kidney function impairment and infertility status and (2) investigate the association between kidney function and semen analysis abnormalities in infertile men. RESULTS After matching, 34 (8.8%) infertile men depicted at least a mild unknown impairment of kidney function compared to only four (3%) fertile men, with four (3%) of the infertile presenting with an overt kidney function impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 ). There were no differences in terms of age, body mass index and rate of comorbidities between the two groups (all p > 0.05). After adjusting for major confounders, infertility status was associated with a higher risk of reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (odds ratio 3.20; 95% confidence interval 1.21-5.2; p = 0.002). Conversely, estimated glomerular filtration rate was not associated with sperm abnormalities in infertile men. CONCLUSIONS Mild kidney function impairment was found in 9% of asymptomatic and unaware men presenting for primary couple's infertility investigation. This novel finding corroborates growing data on a significant association of male infertility with a poorer overall male health status and the need for tailored preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fallara
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Unit of Urology, ASST Sette Laghi-Circolo e Fondazione Macchi Hospital, Varese, Italy
- University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pozzi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Belladelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Cilio
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Corsini
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Candela
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Raffo
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boeri
- Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ventimiglia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Pontillo
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Cotellessa
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia d'Arma
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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14
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Huang X, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zheng N. Strontium Chloride Improves Reproductive Function and Alters Gut Microbiota in Male Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13922. [PMID: 37762223 PMCID: PMC10531462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Strontium (Sr) is an essential trace element in the human body and plays an important role in regulating male reproductive health. Recent studies have shown that gut flora plays a key role in maintaining spermatogenesis, as well as testicular health, through the gut-testis axis. At present, it is unclear whether gut microbiota can mediate the effects of Sr on sperm quality, and what the underlying mechanisms may be. We investigated the effects of different concentrations of strontium chloride (SrCl2) solutions (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW) on reproductive function and gut microbiota in male Wistar rats (6-8 weeks, 250 ± 20 g). All the animals were euthanized after 37 days of treatment. The Sr-50 group significantly increased sperm concentration, sperm motility, and sperm viability in rats. After Sr treatment, serum and testicular testosterone (T) and Sr levels increased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing Sr concentration. At the same time, we also found that testicular marker enzymes (ACP, LDH) and testosterone marker genes (StAR, 3β-HSD, and Cyp11a1) increased significantly in varying degrees after Sr treatment, while serum NO levels decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation of intestinal flora showed that SrCl2 affected the composition of gut microbiome, but did not affect the richness and diversity of gut microbiota. Sr treatment reduced the number of bacteria with negative effects on reproductive health, such as Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Romboutsia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014, Weissella, and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, and added bacteria with negative effects on reproductive health, such as Jeotgalicoccus. To further explore the Sr and the relationship between the gut microbiota, we conducted a Spearman correlation analysis, and the results showed that the gut microbiota was closely correlated with Sr content in serum and testicular tissue, sex hormone levels, and testicular marker enzymes. Additionally, gut microbiota can also regulate each other and jointly maintain the homeostasis of the body's internal environment. However, we found no significant correlation between intestinal flora and sperm quality in this study, which may be related to the small sample size of our 16S rDNA sequencing. In conclusion, the Sr-50 group significantly increased T levels and sperm quality, and improved the levels of testicular marker enzymes and testosterone marker genes in the rats. Sr treatment altered the gut flora of the rats. However, further analysis of the effects of gut microbiota in mediating the effects of SrCl2 on male reproductive function is needed. This study may improve the current understanding of the interaction between Sr, reproductive health, and gut microbiota, providing evidence for the development of Sr-rich foods and the prevention of male fertility decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Milk and Milk Products Inspection Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Milk and Milk Products Inspection Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Milk and Milk Products Inspection Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Milk and Milk Products Inspection Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Milk and Milk Products Inspection Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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15
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Yu B, Zhang CA, Chen T, Mulloy E, Shaw GM, Eisenberg ML. Congenital male genital malformations and paternal health: An analysis of the US claims data. Andrology 2023; 11:1114-1120. [PMID: 36727635 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential association between paternal health and male genital malformations in the offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed data from 2007 to 2016 derived from the IBM MarketScan Research database, which reports on reimbursed private healthcare claims in the United States. The association between paternal comorbidities (defined as individual and combined measures) and genital malformations in male offspring was analyzed. RESULTS Of 376,362 male births, 22% of fathers had at least one component of metabolic syndrome (≥1) prior to conception. Totals of 2880 cases of cryptorchidism (0.77%) and 2651 cases of hypospadias (0.70%) were identified at birth. While 0.76% of sons born to fathers with no metabolic syndrome components were diagnosed with cryptorchidism, 0.82% of sons with fathers with multiple metabolic syndrome components had cryptorchidism. Similarly, 0.69% versus 0.88% of sons had hypospadias when fathers had 0 or 2+ components of metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for maternal and paternal factors, the odds of a son being diagnosed with hypospadias increased with two or more paternal metabolic syndrome components (Odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.27 [1.10-1.47]). Specific components of paternal metabolic syndrome were not generally more associated with a son's genital malformations. When we performed a subgroup analysis where genital malformations were defined based on surgical correction, the association with hypospadias persisted. CONCLUSIONS Fathers with multiple components of metabolic syndrome in the preconception period were observed to be at increased risk for having sons born with hypospadias. The results support the association between a man's andrological and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chiyuan Amy Zhang
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tony Chen
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Evan Mulloy
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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16
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Alspaugh A. Research and Professional Literature to Inform Practice, September/October 2023. J Midwifery Womens Health 2023; 68:659-664. [PMID: 37708217 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Alspaugh
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
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17
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Belladelli F, Muncey W, Eisenberg ML. Reproduction as a window for health in men. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:429-437. [PMID: 36642302 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Male factor infertility is widely considered a harbinger for a man's general health. Failure of reproduction often accompanies other underlying processes, with growing evidence suggesting that a diagnosis of infertility increases the likelihood of developing future cardiac, metabolic, and oncologic diseases. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the research on male fertility as a marker for current and future health. A multidisciplinary approach is essential, and there is growing consensus that the male fertility evaluation offers an opportunity to better men's wellness beyond their immediate reproductive ambitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Belladelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Wade Muncey
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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18
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Wang M, Xu J, Zhao Z, Gong L, Su Y, Fang Z, Chen P, Liu Y, Zhang L, Xu F. Triphenyl phosphate induced apoptosis of mice testicular Leydig cells and TM3 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial fusion inhibition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114876. [PMID: 37027944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a widely used organophosphate flame retardant and has biological toxicity. Previous studies showed TPHP can restrain testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to 0, 5, 50, and 200 mg/kg B.W. of TPHP for 30 d by oral, as well as TM3 cells were treated with 0, 50, 100, and 200 μM of TPHP for 24 h. Results showed that TPHP induced testes damage, including spermatogenesis disorders and testosterone synthesis inhibition. Meanwhile, TPHP can cause apoptosis in testicular Leydig cells and TM3 cells, as evidenced by the increased apoptosis rate and decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Moreover, TPHP disrupted mitochondrial ultrastructure of testicular Leydig cells and TM3 cells, reduced healthy mitochondria content and depressed mitochondrial membrane potential of TM3 cells, as well as inhibited mitochondrial fusion proteins mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), and optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) expression, without effect on mitochondrial fission proteins dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and fission 1 (Fis1) in testicular tissue and/or TM3 cells. Then, the mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 was used to pre-treat TPHP-exposed TM3 cells to determine the roles of mitochondrial fusion inhibition in TPHP-induced Leydig cells apoptosis. The results showed M1 pretreatment alleviated the above changes and further mitigated TM3 cells apoptosis and testosterone levels decreased, indicating TPHP induced TM3 cells apoptosis by inhibited mitochondrial fusion. Intriguingly, the intervention experiment of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) showed that TPHP-induced mitochondrial fusion inhibition is ROS dependent, because inhibition of ROS overproduction alleviated mitochondrial fusion inhibition, and subsequently relieved TPHP-induced apoptosis in TM3 cells. In summary, above data revealed that apoptosis is a specific mechanism for TPHP-induced male reproductive toxicity, and that ROS-mediated mitochondrial fusion inhibition is responsible for Leydig cells apoptosis caused by TPHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Xu Rongxiang Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jinyu Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Xu Rongxiang Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zhengbo Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lichao Gong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zhichao Fang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lianshuang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Xu Rongxiang Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Feibo Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Xu Rongxiang Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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19
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Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV. Unlocking the mystery associated with infertility and prostate cancer: an update. Med Oncol 2023; 40:160. [PMID: 37099242 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Male-specific reproductive disorders and cancers have increased intensely in recent years, making them a significant public health problem. Prostate cancer (PC) is the most often diagnosed cancer in men and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Both genetic and epigenetic modifications contribute to the development and progression of PC, even though the exact underlying processes causing this disease have yet to be identified. Male infertility is also a complex and poorly understood phenomenon believed to afflict a significant portion of the male population. Chromosomal abnormalities, compromised DNA repair systems, and Y chromosome alterations are just a few of the proposed explanations. It is becoming widely accepted that infertility shares a link with PC. Much of the link between infertility and PC is probably attributable to common genetic defects. This article provides an overview of PC and spermatogenic abnormalities. This study also investigates the link between male infertility and PC and uncovers the underlying reasons, risk factors, and biological mechanisms contributing to this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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20
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Pelzman D, Dederer G, Joolharzadeh P, Morrill C, Orwig K, Pulaski H, Hwang K. Effect of Distance From Fertility Center on Utilization of Fertility Preservation Referral in Men. JCO Oncol Pract 2023:OP2200789. [PMID: 36927066 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fertility preservation (FP) is underutilized in males with cancer or other diseases requiring gonadotoxic therapies. We sought to evaluate whether patient distance from FP center affected rates of providing a semen analysis after referral. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all males who were referred for FP at a single institution between 2013 and 2021. A multiple logistic regression model was conducted with semen sample submission as the variable of interest. Predictor variables were disease type, distance, and payment method. Secondary outcomes were number of semen samples submitted and number of vials collected. RESULTS Records of 461 males referred to our center were analyzed. Of these patients, 326 (71%) provided a semen sample after referral and 135 (30%) did not. Further distance from our center was associated with lower odds of submitting a semen sample (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.97; P < .05). For patients who submitted at least one sample, distance did not affect the total number of samples submitted but was associated with a small increase in total vials cryopreserved. CONCLUSION Men referred for FP exhibit a high rate of sperm cryopreservation. Further distance from FP center was associated with decreased odds to provide semen sample after referral. Our model estimated a 15% decrease in odds of collection with every doubling of distance from our center. Efforts must be made to improve FP utilization for patients traveling far distances, but distance alone should not preclude referral.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Dederer
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pouya Joolharzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA.,Current address: Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | | | - Kyle Orwig
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hanna Pulaski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA.,Current address: PathAI, Boston, MA
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21
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Corsini C, Fallara G, Candela L, Raffo M, Pozzi E, Belladelli F, Capogrosso P, Boeri L, Costa A, Schifano N, Cignoli D, Ventimiglia E, D'Arma A, Montorsi F, Salonia A. High serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in primary infertile men. Andrology 2023; 11:86-92. [PMID: 36116018 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) is a serum glycoprotein highly produced during fetal development. While AFP synthesis drops dramatically after birth, AFP production only persists or returns under specific pathological condition. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the rate of and the potential meaning of high AFP serum levels in men seeking first medical attention for couple's primary infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Socio-demographic and clinical data from 1803 non-Finnish, White-European primary infertile men were retrospectively analysed. AFP was routinely measured in each patient (high AFP was defined as >7 ng/ml). Men with history of liver diseases, testicular cancer, or other known causes of increased AFP levels were excluded from the final analysis. Semen analyses were based on the 2010 World Health Organization reference criteria. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models tested the association between serum AFP and clinical variables. Possible nonlinear relationships were graphically explored with locally estimated scatterplot smoothing method. RESULTS Overall, high serum AFP level was found in 29 (1.7%) patients. Normal versus high AFP levels patients were comparable in terms of body mass index (BMI), Charlson Comorbidity Index, waist circumference, smoking habits, history of cryptorchidism, testicular volume, and serum hormones (i.e., follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and total testosterone). Conversely, men with higher AFP levels were older (p = 0.02), had lower sperm concentration (p = 0.003), and were more frequently oligozoospermic and azoospermic (all p ≤ 0.03). At multivariate analysis, high AFP levels were independently associated with oligozoospermia (OR 3.79; p = 0.033) and azoospermia (OR 3.29; p = 0.006). Likewise, if AFP levels increase, patients were found to be older, with higher BMI and to have more comorbidities (all p < 0.05). DISCUSSION Unexplained high AFP levels account for almost 2% of cases in primary infertile patients without a previous history of associated disorders. Higher serum AFP levels are linked with aberrant sperm counts, older age, obesity, and a greater amount of comorbid conditions. CONCLUSION Despite the need for additional validation, these data suggest that serum AFP measurement might have a multifaceted role over the diagnostic work-up of males presenting for couple's infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Corsini
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fallara
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Candela
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Raffo
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pozzi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Belladelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ospedale di Circolo and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy
| | - Luca Boeri
- Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Costa
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Schifano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Andrology, Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniele Cignoli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ventimiglia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Arma
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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22
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Pozzi E, Ramasamy R, Salonia A. Initial Andrological Evaluation of the Infertile Male. Eur Urol Focus 2023; 9:51-54. [PMID: 36210297 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of a man presenting for couple infertility starts with obtaining a thorough medical history, and the couple's reproductive and sexual history. Semen analysis, according to World Health Organization recommendations, is the cornerstone of male partner evaluation. A comprehensive physical examination is essential for every male partner, with adequate assessment of the development of secondary sexual characteristics. However, more complex testing than semen analysis (eg, sperm DNA fragmentation index) may be required in selected cases. For men with oligozoospermia or azoospermia, a hormonal evaluation should be performed, including at least total testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinising hormone. Genetic testing should be offered to azoospermic men and those with severe oligozoospermia. Ultrasound of the genitourinary tract can provide additional information in select cases. PATIENT SUMMARY: A complete medical history, physical examination, and semen analysis are essential components of the initial evaluation of men being assessed for infertility. The evaluation must proceed in parallel for male and female partners to optimise management for infertile couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Pozzi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Translational Bioinformatics for Human Reproductive Biology Research: Examples, Opportunities and Challenges for a Future Reproductive Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010004. [PMID: 36613446 PMCID: PMC9819745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1978, with the first IVF (in vitro fertilization) baby birth in Manchester (England), more than eight million IVF babies have been born throughout the world, and many new techniques and discoveries have emerged in reproductive medicine. To summarize the modern technology and progress in reproductive medicine, all scientific papers related to reproductive medicine, especially papers related to reproductive translational medicine, were fully searched, manually curated and reviewed. Results indicated whether male reproductive medicine or female reproductive medicine all have made significant progress, and their markers have experienced the progress from karyotype analysis to single-cell omics. However, due to the lack of comprehensive databases, especially databases collecting risk exposures, disease markers and models, prevention drugs and effective treatment methods, the application of the latest precision medicine technologies and methods in reproductive medicine is limited.
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24
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Bradley H, Ho HY. Comprehensive Comparisons of Family Health Between Families With One Immigrant Parent and Native Families in Taiwan: Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e33624. [PMID: 36534459 PMCID: PMC9808584 DOI: 10.2196/33624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers and children in families with one immigrant parent have been reported to be healthier than those in native families; however, the health of the fathers in these families has rarely been discussed in literature. OBJECTIVE We aimed to comprehensively compare the health of all the family members between families with one immigrant parent (native fathers, immigrant mothers, and their children) and native families (native fathers, native mothers, and their children). METHODS We conducted a cohort study by using the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database to recruit live-born children and their parents from 2004 to 2016. Overall, we identified 90,670 fathers, 91,270 mothers, and 132,457 children in families with one immigrant parent and 1,666,775 fathers, 1,734,104 mothers, and 2,637,191 children in native families and followed up with them from 2004 to 2017. The outcomes comprised common physical and mental disorders, catastrophic illnesses, mortality, and child adversities and accidents. The covariates comprised the child's year of birth, parental age, low-income status, and physical or mental disorder status. Logistic regression was performed to compare the risks of the outcomes between families with one immigrant parent and native families. RESULTS The parents in families with one immigrant parent were more likely to be of low-income status and were older than the parents in native families. After adjusting for the covariates, fathers in families with one immigrant parent were found to have higher risks of physical and mental disorders, catastrophic illness, and mortality than fathers in native families. Conversely, mothers in families with one immigrant parent had lower risks of physical and mental disorders, catastrophic illness, and mortality than mothers in native families. Finally, the children in families with one immigrant parent generally had better physical and mental health but higher risks for leukemia, liver diseases, autism spectrum disorder, and road traffic accidents than children in native families. CONCLUSIONS The health status of the members of families with one immigrant parent was nonhomogeneous, and the poorer general health of fathers in such families suggests health inequalities in families with one immigrant parent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsing-Ying Ho
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Burke ND, Nixon B, Roman SD, Schjenken JE, Walters JLH, Aitken RJ, Bromfield EG. Male infertility and somatic health - insights into lipid damage as a mechanistic link. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:727-750. [PMID: 36100661 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, mounting evidence has shown an alarming association between male subfertility and poor somatic health, with substantial evidence supporting the increased incidence of oncological disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases in men who have previously received a subfertility diagnosis. This paradigm is concerning, but might also provide a novel window for a crucial health reform in which the infertile phenotype could serve as an indication of potential pathological conditions. One of the major limiting factors in this association is the poor understanding of the molecular features that link infertility with comorbidities across the life course. Enzymes involved in the lipid oxidation process might provide novel clues to reconcile the mechanistic basis of infertility with incident pathological conditions. Building research capacity in this area is essential to enhance the early detection of disease states and provide crucial information about the disease risk of offspring conceived through assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Burke
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaun D Roman
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Drug Development, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica L H Walters
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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26
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Skåra KH, Åsvold BO, Hernáez Á, Fraser A, Rich-Edwards JW, Farland LV, Næss Ø, Lawlor DA, Brumpton B, Magnus MC. Risk of cardiovascular disease in women and men with subfertility: the Trøndelag Health Study. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:537-547. [PMID: 35840354 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between subfertility and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Population-based cohort. PATIENT(S) We studied 31,629 women and 17,630 men participating in the Trøndelag Health Study. INTERVENTION(S) Self-reported subfertility. As men were not directly asked about fertility, male partners of female participants were identified through linkage to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and assigned the fertility information obtained from their partners. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The primary outcomes were stroke and coronary heart disease in women and men with and without a history of subfertility. The secondary outcomes were myocardial infarction and angina (subgroups of coronary heart disease) and any CVD (stroke or coronary heart disease). Information on CVD was available by linkage to hospital records. We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age at participation in the Trøndelag Health Study (linear + squared), birth year, smoking history, cohabitation, and education. Cardiometabolic factors were assessed in separate models. RESULT(S) A total of 17% of women and 15% of men reported subfertility. In women, subfertility was modestly associated with an increased risk of stroke (age-adjusted hazard ratio [aaHR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.39; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]; 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.37) and coronary heart disease (aaHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06-1.33; aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03-1.30) compared with fertile women. In men, we observed a weak positive association for stroke (aaHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.91-1.34; aHR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.91-1.33) and a weak inverse association for coronary heart disease (aaHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.81-1.05; aHR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.81-1.06). CONCLUSION(S) We observed modestly increased risks of CVD outcomes in women and some weak associations in men, although with no strong statistical evidence on sex differences. We acknowledge that we were only able to include men linked to pregnancies ending at 12 completed gestational weeks or later, potentially resulting in selection bias and misclassification of history of subfertility in analyses of male partners. Despite the large sample size, our results indicate the need for larger studies to obtain precise results in both sexes and determine whether there are true sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline H Skåra
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørn O Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Álvaro Hernáez
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leslie V Farland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medcine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Øyvind Næss
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway; Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria C Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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27
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Arya D, Balasinor N, Singh D. Varicocele associated male infertility: cellular and molecular perspectives of pathophysiology. Andrology 2022; 10:1463-1483. [PMID: 36040837 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocele is a common risk factor associated with reduced male fertility potential. The current understanding of varicocele pathophysiology does not completely explain the clinical manifestation of infertility. The present treatment options such as antioxidant supplementation and varicocelectomy only helps ∼35% of men to achieve spontaneous pregnancy. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the available knowledge on cellular and molecular alterations implicated to varicocele associated male infertility and also highlights the new knowledge generated by 'Omics' technologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases are searched using different combinations of keywords (varicocele, infertile/fertile men with varicocele, cellular changes, molecular mechanisms, proteome, epigenome, transcriptome and metabolome). A total of 229 relevant human and animal studies published till 2021 were included in this review. RESULTS Current understanding advocates oxidative stress (OS) as a major contributory factor to the varicocele associated male infertility. Excessive OS causes alteration in testicular microenvironment and sperm DNA fragmentation which further contributes to infertility. Molecular and omics studies have identified several promising biomarkers such as AAMP, SPINT1, MKI67 (genetic markers), sperm quality and function related protein markers, global sperm DNA methylation level (epigenetic marker), Hspa2, Protamine, Gadd7, Dynlt1 and Beclin1 (mRNA markers), PRDX2, HSPA, APOA2, YKL40 (seminal protein markers), total choline and PHGDH (metabolic markers). DISCUSSION Mature spermatozoa harbours a plethora of molecular information in form of proteome, epigenome and transcriptome; which could provide very important clues regarding pathophysiology of varicocele associated infertility. Recent molecular and omics studies in infertile men with varicocele have identified several promising biomarkers. Upon further validation with larger and well-defined studies, some of these biomarkers could aid in varicocele management. CONCLUSION The present evidences suggest inclusion of OS and sperm DNA fragmentation tests could be useful to the diagnostic workup for men with varicocele. Furthermore, including precise molecular markers may assist in diagnostics and prognostics of varicocele associated male infertility. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Arya
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Nafisa Balasinor
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Dipty Singh
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
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Marinaro J, Goldstein M. Microsurgical Management of Male Infertility: Compelling Evidence That Collaboration with Qualified Male Reproductive Urologists Enhances Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Outcomes. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154593. [PMID: 35956208 PMCID: PMC9369943 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A male factor plays a significant role in a couple's reproductive success. Today, advances in reproductive technology, such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), have allowed it to be possible for just a single sperm to fertilize an egg, thus, overcoming many of the traditional barriers to male fertility, such as a low sperm count, impaired motility, and abnormal morphology. Given these advances in reproductive technology, it has been questioned whether a reproductive urologist is needed for the evaluation and treatment of infertile and subfertile men. In this review, we aim to provide compelling evidence that collaboration between reproductive endocrinologists and reproductive urologists is essential for optimizing a couple's fertility outcomes, as well as for improving the health of infertile men and providing cost-effective care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Marinaro
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marc Goldstein
- Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th St., Starr Pavilion, 9th Floor (Starr 900), New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence:
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29
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Krishan A, Vukina J, Pearce I, Modgil V. Male factor infertility: A contemporary overview of investigation, diagnosis and management. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20514158221078474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infertility, defined as the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 1 year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse, is a public health issue of global concern. It affects up to 12% of couples worldwide. While traditionally, research and treatment have focused on female causes of infertility, male factors contribute to up to 70% of cases and therefore deserve appropriate recognition. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to detail the diagnostic work-up, investigations and management of male factor infertility. We discuss much-debated pathologies, such as varicocele, and novel investigations, including sperm DNA fragmentation and reactive oxygen species. Level of evidence: Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Krishan
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Josip Vukina
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ian Pearce
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Vaibhav Modgil
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Department of Urology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK
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30
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Paffoni A, Somigliana E, Boeri L, Viganò P. The statistical foundation of the reference population for semen analysis included in the sixth edition of the WHO manual: a critical reappraisal of the evidence. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:2237-2245. [PMID: 35849333 PMCID: PMC9527466 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the most recent version of the ‘WHO Laboratory Manual For The Examination And Processing Of Human Semen’, the updated target population used to infer reference values included 3589 fertile subjects, representative of 12 countries and 5 continents, and 10 studies. We have critically evaluated the newly proposed distribution of semen examination results using an approach borrowed from clinical chemistry laboratories and based on the recommendations of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry for estimation of reference intervals. Surprisingly, most prerequisites to produce common reference intervals through multicentric data were not met. Moreover, when we assessed with the bootstrap method the descriptive reference values obtained from raw data of the 10 individual studies for sperm concentration, sperm number, motility and normal forms, we found that none of the populations was completely correctly described by the reference centiles. We concluded that aggregated data used to build the reference distribution cannot be considered to originate from the same population, and this can result from real differences among individuals or different methodological approaches used in the various studies. Transferability conditions across studies did not seem to have been met. Our findings strengthen the relevance of concerns regarding the use of reference populations in the World Health Organization manual to discriminate between fertile and infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgardo Somigliana
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Infertility Unit, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boeri
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Urology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Infertility Unit, Milan, Italy
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31
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Boeri L, Fallara G, Pozzi E, Belladelli F, Corsini C, Raffo M, Schifano N, Capogrosso P, d'Arma A, Montorsi F, Salonia A. The impact of different WHO reference criteria for semen analysis in clinical practice: who will benefit from the new 2021 thresholds for normal semen parameters? Andrology 2022; 10:1134-1142. [PMID: 35726049 PMCID: PMC9541878 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) has provided the latest update on processing and evaluating semen analysis. Objectives To assess (i) the rate of discordance in semen parameters categorization across three different WHO reference values (namely WHO21, 2010 and 1999) and (ii) the clinical differences among discordant semen analyses from a cohort of primary infertile men. Materials and methods Data from 788 infertile men were analyzed. Semen parameters were interpreted based on WHO21, WHO10, and WHO99 reference criteria. Pregnancy outcomes with assisted reproductive techniques (ART) were available for 110 (14%) patients. Descriptive statistics was applied to describe potential differences among the three consecutive WHO references criteria. Results Semen parameters categorizations were highly different across the three groups (p < 0.001). Of all, 271 (42.2%) patients had normal semen parameters according to WHO10 but were pathologic when considered with WHO21 reference criteria (namely, men with increased semen abnormalities). Infertile men with increased semen abnormalities had lower testicular volume (p < 0.001) but higher FSH (p < 0.01) and LH (p < 0.001) values than those who had no change in terms of semen parameters categorization. Negative ART outcomes were more frequently reported in men with worsening semen parameters compared with those with confirmed semen parameters at WHO21 versus WHO10 (26.8% vs. 49%, p = 0.03). Conversely, infertile men with worsening semen parameters at WHO21 versus WHO99 were similar in terms of clinical and hormonal characteristics compared with those with the same rate of semen abnormalities. Conclusions One out of three infertile men showed worsened semen categorization according to WHO21 versus WHO10. Infertile men with worsening of semen parameters had worse clinical and hormonal characteristics than those with confirmed numbers of semen abnormalities. Moreover, live birth rates were lower in men with worsening semen abnormalities as for WHO21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Boeri
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fallara
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pozzi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Belladelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Corsini
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Raffo
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Schifano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ospedale di Circolo and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessia d'Arma
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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32
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Dong Y, Zheng Y, Zhu L, Li T, Guan Y, Zhao S, Wang Q, Wang J, Li L. Hua-Tan-Sheng-Jing Decoction Treats Obesity With Oligoasthenozoospermia by Up-Regulating the PI3K-AKT and Down-Regulating the JNK MAPK Signaling Pathways: At the Crossroad of Obesity and Oligoasthenozoospermia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896434. [PMID: 35559247 PMCID: PMC9086321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oligoasthenozoospermia is the leading cause of male infertility, seriously affecting men's health and increasing the societal medical burden. In recent years, obesity-related oligoasthenozoospermia has attracted increased attention from researchers to find a cure. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Hua-Tan-Sheng-Jing decoction (HTSJD) in treating obesity with oligoasthenozoospermia, determine its active ingredients and identify its mechanism of action. Methods: The ingredients of HTSJD were determined by combining the ultra-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and systems pharmacology approach. The common pathogenesis of obesity and oligoasthenozoospermia and the potential mechanism of HTSJD against obesity with oligoasthenozoospermia were obtained through target fishing, network construction, and enrichment analyses. Further, molecular docking of the key ingredients with the upstream receptors of the key signaling pathways of the potential mechanism was used to predict their affinity. Finally, high-fat-induced obesity with oligoasthenozoospermia rat model was constructed to determine the effects of HTSJD on semen concentration, sperm motility, body weight, and serum lipid metabolism. The key proteins were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: A total of 70 effective components and 847 potential targets of HTSJD (H targets) were identified, of which 743 were common targets related to obesity and oligoasthenozoospermia (O-O targets) mainly enriched in the pathways related to inflammation, oxidative stress and hormone regulation. Finally, 143 common targets (H-O-O targets) for HTSJD against obesity with oligoasthenozoospermia were obtained. Combining the hub genes and the results of Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of H-O-O targets, PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways were identified as the key pathways. Molecular docking results showed that Diosgenin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Hederagenin, Isorhamnetin may act on the related pathways by docking EGFR, IGF1R and INSR. The animal-based in vivo experiments confirmed that HTSJD improves the sperm quality of high-fat diet-fed rats by reducing their body weight and blood lipid levels, influencing the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways and altering the corresponding protein expressions. Conclusion: HTSJD treats obesity with oligoasthenozoospermia by up-regulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and down-regulating the MAPK signaling pathway, which are at the crossroad of obesity and oligoasthenozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linghui Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxing Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shipeng Zhao
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ferlin A, Calogero AE, Krausz C, Lombardo F, Paoli D, Rago R, Scarica C, Simoni M, Foresta C, Rochira V, Sbardella E, Francavilla S, Corona G. Management of male factor infertility: position statement from the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) : Endorsing Organization: Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction, and Research (SIERR). J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1085-1113. [PMID: 35075609 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Infertility affects 15-20% of couples and male factors are present in about half of the cases. For many aspects related to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of male factor infertility, there is no general consensus, and the clinical approach is not uniform. METHODS In the present document by the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS), endorsed by the Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction, and Research (SIERR), we propose evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of male factor infertility to improve patient and couple care. RESULTS Components of the initial evaluation should include at minimum medical history, physical examination, and semen analysis. Semen microbiological examination, endocrine assessment, and imaging are suggested in most men and recommended when specific risk factors for infertility exist or first-step analyses showed abnormalities. Full examination including genetic tests, testicular cytology/histology, or additional tests on sperm is clinically oriented and based on the results of previous investigations. For treatment purposes, the identification of the specific cause and the pathogenetic mechanism is advisable. At least, distinguishing pre-testicular, testicular, and post-testicular forms is essential. Treatment should be couple-oriented, including lifestyle modifications, etiologic therapies, empirical treatments, and ART on the basis of best evidence and with a gradual approach. CONCLUSION These Guidelines are based on two principal aspects: they are couple-oriented and place high value in assessing, preventing, and treating risk factors for infertility. These Guidelines also highlighted that male infertility and in particular testicular function might be a mirror of general health of a man.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ferlin
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35121, Padua, Italy.
| | - A E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Krausz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - F Lombardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank "Loredana Gandini", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - D Paoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank "Loredana Gandini", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - R Rago
- Department of Gender, Parenting, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Physiopathology of Reproduction and Andrology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C Scarica
- European Hospital, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - M Simoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - V Rochira
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - E Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - S Francavilla
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Andrology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Corona
- Medical Department, Endocrinology Unit, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Azienda Usl, Bologna, Italy
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Wang L, Zhu Y, Wang T, Xu X, Tang Q, Li J, Wang Y, Hu W, Wu W. Feasibility analysis of incorporating infertility into medical insurance in China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:967739. [PMID: 36133311 PMCID: PMC9483096 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.967739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of infertility has been increasing gradually, while the natural rate of population growth is declining or even at zero growth. China is observed to enter a depth of aging society, leading to more severe infertility. Infertility patients face many predicaments, and many unreasonable behaviors existed in seeking medical diagnosis and treatment, of which the main influencing factor is economic condition. In China, Beijing has taken the lead in providing medical insurance for 16 assisted reproductive technology items. Assuming that all infertile couples with the option of assisted reproduction are treated, there would be a huge market gap. The reimbursement rate can be adjusted based on some factors within the affordable range of the medical insurance fund. Progress on infertility coverage in other countries was also reviewed. This paper cited the data of medical insurance funds in China in the recent 4 years as a reference. Based on the data, it is not currently able to cover all the costs of infertility diagnosis and treatment during the research period, but it is feasible to access selective reimbursement and subsidies for those in particular need as well as to develop some commercial insurances. There is a big gap in the application of assisted reproductive technology between China and developed countries. More comprehensive and constructive policies should be formulated countrywide to standardize the market. Assisted reproduction-related technologies and acceleration of the domestic medical apparatus and instrument replacement should be improved to reduce the cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinrong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuqin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Urology, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yanchen Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wu,
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Perry MJ, Arrington S, Freisthler MS, Ibe IN, McCray NL, Neumann LM, Tajanlangit P, Trejo Rosas BM. Pervasive structural racism in environmental epidemiology. Environ Health 2021; 20:119. [PMID: 34784917 PMCID: PMC8595076 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epistemological biases in environmental epidemiology prevent the full understanding of how racism's societal impacts directly influence health outcomes. With the ability to focus on "place" and the totality of environmental exposures, environmental epidemiologists have an important opportunity to advance the field by proactively investigating the structural racist forces that drive disparities in health. OBJECTIVE This commentary illustrates how environmental epidemiology has ignored racism for too long. Some examples from environmental health and male infertility are used to illustrate how failing to address racism neglects the health of entire populations. DISCUSSION While research on environmental justice has attended to the structural sources of environmental racism, this work has not been fully integrated into the mainstream of environmental epidemiology. Epidemiology's dominant paradigm that reduces race to a mere data point avoids the social dimensions of health and thus fails to improve population health for all. Failing to include populations who are Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) in health research means researchers actually know very little about the effect of environmental contaminants on a range of population health outcomes. This commentary offers different practical solutions, such as naming racism in research, including BIPOC in leadership positions, mandating requirements for discussing "race", conducting far more holistic analyses, increasing community participation in research, and improving racism training, to address the myriad of ways in which structural racism permeates environmental epidemiology questions, methods, results and impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Perry
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW Suite 400, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Suzanne Arrington
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW Suite 400, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Marlaina S Freisthler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW Suite 400, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Ifeoma N Ibe
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW Suite 400, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Nathan L McCray
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW Suite 400, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Laura M Neumann
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW Suite 400, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Patrick Tajanlangit
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW Suite 400, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Brenda M Trejo Rosas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW Suite 400, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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36
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Chen T, Belladelli F, Del Giudice F, Eisenberg ML. Male fertility as a marker for health. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 44:131-144. [PMID: 34848151 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Male reproduction is a complex biological process, and male factor infertility is increasingly recognized as a biomarker for overall male health. Emerging data suggest associations between male reproduction and medical disease (genetic, infectious, chronic comorbid conditions), psychological disease, environmental exposures, dietary habits, medications and substances of abuse, and even socioeconomic factors. There is also evidence that a diagnosis of male fertility is associated with future disease risk including cancer, metabolic disease and mortality. As such, there is a growing view that the male fertility evaluation is an opportunity to improve a man's health beyond his immediate reproductive goals, and also highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Chen
- Center for Academic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Center for Academic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto CA, USA
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37
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Krausz C, Cioppi F. Genetic Factors of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Consequences on Patients' and Offspring Health. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10174009. [PMID: 34501457 PMCID: PMC8432470 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10174009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA) affects about 1% of men in the general population and is characterized by clinical heterogeneity implying the involvement of several different acquired and genetic factors. NOA men are at higher risk to be carriers of known genetic anomalies such as karyotype abnormalities and Y-chromosome microdeletions in respect to oligo-normozoospermic men. In recent years, a growing number of novel monogenic causes have been identified through Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). Genetic testing is useful for diagnostic and pre-TESE prognostic purposes as well as for its potential relevance for general health. Several epidemiological observations show a link between azoospermia and higher morbidity and mortality rate, suggesting a common etiology for NOA and some chronic diseases, including cancer. Since on average 50% of NOA patients has a positive TESE outcome, the identification of genetic factors in NOA patients has relevance also to the offspring's health. Although still debated, the observed increased risk of certain neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as impaired cardiometabolic and reproductive health profile in children conceived with ICSI from NOA fathers may indicate the involvement of transmissible genetic factors. This review provides an update on the reproductive and general health consequences of known genetic factors causing NOA, including offspring's health.
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Vanni VS, Quartucci A, Rebecchi A, Privitera L, Limena A, Ventimiglia E, Viganò P, Candiani M, Salonia A, Papaleo E. Anti-Müllerian hormone concentration as an indicator of female general health status: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 44:119-126. [PMID: 34815158 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION To evaluate the correlation between clinical and hormonal parameters and comorbidity burden in Caucasian women presenting for fertility treatment. DESIGN Monocentric cross-sectional study including a cohort of 3163 Caucasian women seeking medical care for fertility treatment. All patients underwent centralized laboratory testing for hormonal assessment. Complete clinical and laboratory data from the entire cohort were retrospectively analysed. Comorbidity burden score was assessed by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; categorized as 0 versus 1 versus ≥2). RESULTS Descriptive statistics and regression models tested the associations between clinical and laboratory parameters and CCI. Among the entire cohort of patients, a CCI = 0 was found in 2977 women (94.1%), and CCI = 1 and CCI ≥2 were found in 113 (3.6%) and 73 (2.3%) patients, respectively. Age (P = 0.009), gravidity (P = 0.001), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH, P < 0.001) and TSH (P = 0.003) values were significantly different among CCI groups. In regression models, age at presentation and AMH emerged as independent indicators of CCI ≥ 1. Age at presentation <36 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.742, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.284-2.364) and an AMH concentration ≤2.3 ng/ml (OR 1.864, 95% CI 1.29-2.69) were the most informative cut-off values for CCI ≥ 1 in the study population. CONCLUSIONS A younger age at presentation and lower AMH concentrations are significant independent indicators of decreased general health in women requiring clinical evaluation for fertility treatment. As observed for sperm parameters in men, AMH might serve as a proxy of women's general health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Stella Vanni
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Quartucci
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Rebecchi
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Privitera
- Fertility Centre, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Limena
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ventimiglia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paola Viganò
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Candiani
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy; Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Papaleo
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Fertility Centre, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, Milan, Italy.
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Boeri L, Ventimiglia E, Cazzaniga W, Pederzoli F, Fallara G, Pozzi E, Belladelli F, Baudo A, Frego N, Capogrosso P, Alfano M, Montorsi F, Salonia A. Risk of health status worsening in primary infertile men: a prospective 10-year follow-up study. Andrology 2021; 10:128-136. [PMID: 34369670 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A severe male infertility factor has been associated with both lower health status and increased mortality in infertile men. OBJECTIVES To investigate reproductive factors associated with health status impairment in infertile men over a 10-year time frame since first clinical evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 899 infertile men were analysed at baseline between 2003 and 2010. Health-significant comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Patients were followed-up yearly recording any worsening in their health status until 2019. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of CCI score increase. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 136 months (IQR 121, 156), 85 men (9.5%) depicted an increase of their baseline CCI score of at least 1 point. The most frequent reason for CCI upgrade was cancer (34%), cardio-vascular diseases (29%) and diabetes mellitus (22%). Compared to patients without a CCI increase, patients with a CCI increase presented with higher BMI and FSH values, a higher rate of baseline CCI ≥ 1 (all p < 0.01) and a greater proportion of non-obstructive azoospermia (p < 0.001). In the Cox regression model, patient's BMI (p < 0.001), baseline CCI ≥ 1 (p < 0.01) and azoospermia status (p = 0.001) were found to be independently associated with CCI increases. CONCLUSIONS Almost 10% of men presenting for primary infertility had a decrease of the overall health status already in the relatively short 10-year time frame after first presentation. Non-obstructive azoospermic men showed the worst health status impairment and should be strictly followed-up regardless of their fertility status. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Boeri
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ventimiglia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Cazzaniga
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pederzoli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giueppe Fallara
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pozzi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Belladelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Baudo
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Frego
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Urology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS-Clinical and Research Hospital, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Urology, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital - ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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40
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Punjani N, Kang C, Lamb DJ, Schlegel PN. Current updates and future perspectives in the evaluation of azoospermia: A systematic review. Arab J Urol 2021; 19:206-214. [PMID: 34552771 PMCID: PMC8451618 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2021.1954415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To provide a summary of the current evaluation of azoospermia and insights into future perspectives in the evaluation and counselling of men with azoospermia. Methods: A search of PubMed, Cochrane Reviews and Web of Science databases was performed for full-text English-language articles published between 1943 and 2020 focussing on 'future perspectives', 'azoospermia' and 'evaluation'. Results: Azoospermia represents a severe form of male infertility characterised by sperm production so impaired that there are no sperm present in the ejaculate. The current evaluation of azoospermia focusses on patient history and physical examination with selected adjunctive laboratory investigations including serum hormones, a karyotype and screening for Y chromosome microdeletions. Future diagnostics are focussed on identifying the underlying genetic aetiologies for azoospermia, as well as a greater emphasis on screening for systemic illness that men with severe infertility may be predisposed to develop. Conclusion: Azoospermia represents an extreme form of male infertility, and evaluation relies heavily on history and physical examination, as genetic evaluations for these individuals remain limited. Future evaluation will focus on next-generation sequencing and more rigorous evaluation for possible co-existing and future risk of systemic disease. ABBREVIATIONS: ADGRG2, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2; ASRM: American Society of Reproductive Medicine; AZF: azoospermia factor; CBAVD: congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens; CFTR: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; CRKL: CRK-like proto-oncogene; E2F1: E2F transcription factor 1; HAUS7: HAUS augmin-like complex subunit 7; HR: hazard ratio; KS: Klinefelter syndrome; MAZ, MYC-associated zinc finger protein; NGS: next-generation sequencing; NOA: non-obstructive azoospermia; OA: obstructive azoospermia; RHOX: reproductive homeobox on the X chromosome; SH2: SRC homology 2; TAF7L: TATA-box binding protein associated factor 7-like; TEX11: testis-expressed 11; WES: whole-exome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Punjani
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Kang
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolores J. Lamb
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Reproductive Genomics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter N. Schlegel
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Reproductive Genomics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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41
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Abstract
Male factor infertility is a common problem. Evidence is emerging regarding the spectrum of systemic disease and illness harbored by infertile men who otherwise appear healthy. In this review, we present evidence that infertile men have poor overall health and increased morbidity and mortality, increased rates of both genitourinary and non-genitourinary malignancy, and greater risks of systemic disease. The review also highlights numerous genetic conditions associated with male infertility as well as emerging translational evidence of genitourinary birth defects and their impact on male infertility. Finally, parallels to the overall health of infertile women are presented. This review highlights the importance of a comprehensive health evaluation of men who present for an infertility assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Punjani
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation Institute of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Dolores J Lamb
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation Institute of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; .,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Center for Reproductive Genomics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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42
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Pozzi E, Boeri L, Candela L, Capogrosso P, Cazzaniga W, Fallara G, Cignoli D, Belladelli F, Cornelius J, Abbate C, Papaleo E, Viganò P, Minhas S, Mattei A, Montorsi F, Salonia A. Infertile couples still undergo assisted reproductive treatments without initial andrological evaluation in the real-life setting: A failure to adhere to guidelines? Andrology 2021; 9:1843-1852. [PMID: 34169669 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EAU Guidelines on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health state that both partners of the infertile couple should undergo simultaneous investigation. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and the characteristics of infertile men who were referred for an andrological evaluation after failed attempts of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) with those who were evaluated at the beginning of their infertility pathway at a single academic centre over a 17-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of 3213 primary infertile couples assessed between 2003 and 2020 were analysed. Descriptive statistics compared the overall characteristics of male partners of couples with (+ART) or without (-ART) previous ART prior to andrological consultation. Logistic regression models analysed variables associated with +ART. Local polynomial regression models explored the probability of +ART over the analysed time frame. RESULTS Of all, 493 (15.3%) participants were +ART. Patients and female partners' age were higher in +ART couples (all p≤0.04). Sperm concentration, progressive sperm motility and normal sperm morphology were lower in +ART than in -ART patients (all p<0.001), along with a greater percentage of non-obstructive azoospermia in +ART compared to -ART men (p<0.0001). At univariable analysis, patient age and partner age >35 years and a less recent assessment were associated with +ART status (all p≤0.04). Male age and less recent years of assessment were also independent predictors of +ART, after accounting for partner's age >35 years (all p<0.01). A not significant decrease of this pattern was observed throughout the last 7 years at local polynomial regression models. DISCUSSION Overall awareness towards the importance of a comprehensive evaluation for the male partner of every infertile couple should therefore be further strengthened. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 15% of couples still undergo ART without any initial andrological evaluation in the real-life setting. A not significant decrease in this trend was observed over most recent years. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Pozzi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boeri
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Candela
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Urology and Andrology, Ospedale di Circolo and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy
| | - Walter Cazzaniga
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fallara
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cignoli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Belladelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Cornelius
- Department of Urology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Costantino Abbate
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Papaleo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Agostino Mattei
- Department of Urology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Do dietary patterns and morbidities have a relationship with primary infertility among women? A study from NFHS-4 (2015-16), India. J Biosoc Sci 2021; 54:682-697. [PMID: 34140048 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932021000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the rate of primary infertility and its associated factors among 402,807 currently married women aged 20-49 years in India using National Family Health Survey-4 data collected in 2015-2016. Dietary patterns and selected morbidities were included as independent variables, and socioeconomic variables were considered as covariates. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to estimate the prevalence of primary infertility and assess its association with the selected variables, respectively. The rate of primary infertility among currently married women in India in 2015-16 was 1.9% and this was significantly associated with younger age (<35 years), higher age at marriage (≥18 years), urban residence, higher secondary or above education and poverty. The consumption of dairy products (OR = 0.79, CI = 0.73-0.86), dark green leafy vegetables (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.39-0.81) and fruit (OR = 0.88, CI = 0.77-1.01) significantly reduced the odds of primary infertility. Daily consumption of fish and aerated drinks was related to 1.06-1.21 times higher odds of primary infertility. Overweight/obesity, high blood pressure and high blood glucose levels were associated with 1.08-1.21 times elevated odds of primary infertility. Thyroid disorder (OR = 1.38, CI = 1.21-1.60), heart disease (OR = 1.17, CI = 1.16-1.19) and severe anaemia (OR = 1.24, CI = 1.00-1.53) were associated with an increased likelihood of primary infertility among women (OR 1.17-1.39, CI 1.00-1.60). The findings provide compelling evidence that primary infertility among women is related to dietary patterns and morbidities. Interventions and programmes targeting the promotion of healthy diets and lifestyles could be beneficial in addressing the issue of primary infertility among women.
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Magnus MC, Fraser A, Rich-Edwards JW, Magnus P, Lawlor DA, Håberg SE. Time-to-pregnancy and risk of cardiovascular disease among men and women. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:383-391. [PMID: 33492547 PMCID: PMC8076115 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A few studies indicate that women with prolonged time-to-pregnancy (TTP) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This has not been studied in men. We evaluated CVD risk by self-reported TTP among parous women (n = 64,064) and men (n = 50,533) participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. TTP was categorized as 0–3 (reference), 4–12 and > 12 months. CVD diagnosed between 2008 and 2017 were available from the national patient and general practitioner databases. Risk of CVD by TTP was estimated using Cox regression adjusting for baseline age, education, BMI, smoking, diabetes, and number of offspring in both sexes, and history of endometriosis, ovarian cysts, preterm birth and pre-eclampsia for women. Mean age was 33 for women and 35 for men at baseline (years). The rate of any CVD was 24 per 1000 person years among women and 22 per 1000 person years among men. Longer TTP was associated with increased rate of CVD among women, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.09) for TTP 4–12 months and 1.14 (1.08, 1.20) for TTP > 12 months. Among men, respective HRs for CVD were 1.06 (1.00, 1.10) for TTP 4–12 months and 1.07 (1.01, 1.14) for TTP > 12 months. We observed sex-differences in the relationship with CVD subtypes but none were statistically significant. In conclusion, both men and women with a prolonged TTP had a small increased risk of CVD, clinical significance of which is unclear. Further studies are necessary to investigate in detail what underlying causes of prolonged TTP might be reflected in the increased risk of CVD. Longer follow-up is required to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway. .,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. .,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.,Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.,Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Siri E Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway
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Agarwal A, Baskaran S, Parekh N, Cho CL, Henkel R, Vij S, Arafa M, Panner Selvam MK, Shah R. Male infertility. Lancet 2021; 397:319-333. [PMID: 33308486 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that infertility affects 8-12% of couples globally, with a male factor being a primary or contributing cause in approximately 50% of couples. Causes of male subfertility vary highly, but can be related to congenital, acquired, or idiopathic factors that impair spermatogenesis. Many health conditions can affect male fertility, which underscores the need for a thorough evaluation of patients to identify treatable or reversible lifestyle factors or medical conditions. Although semen analysis remains the cornerstone for evaluating male infertility, advanced diagnostic tests to investigate sperm quality and function have been developed to improve diagnosis and management. The use of assisted reproductive techniques has also substantially improved the ability of couples with infertility to have biological children. This Seminar aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the assessment and management of men with infertility, along with current controversies and future endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Neel Parekh
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chak-Lam Cho
- SH Ho Urology Center, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medical Bioscience, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Vij
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Arafa
- Male Infertility Unit, Urology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Andrology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rupin Shah
- Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai, India
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46
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Ventimiglia E, Pozzi E, Capogrosso P, Boeri L, Alfano M, Cazzaniga W, Matloob R, Abbate C, Viganò P, Montorsi F, Salonia A. Extensive Assessment of Underlying Etiological Factors in Primary Infertile Men Reduces the Proportion of Men With Idiopathic Infertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:801125. [PMID: 35002977 PMCID: PMC8739963 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.801125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Up to 40% of infertile men remain without a recognized cause (i.e., idiopathic infertility). We aimed to identify, categorize, and report the supposed causes of male infertility in a cohort of white-European men presenting for primary couple's infertility, by using a thorough and extensive baseline diagnostic work-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional study of 1,174 primary infertile men who underwent a thorough diagnostic work-up including: detailed medical history, physical examination, hormonal assessment, genetic testing, semen analyses; semen and urine cultures; testis color Duplex US. Men without any identified causal factor were considered as idiopathic. Six different etiological categories were established, and their prevalence was estimated. Logistic regression models estimated the risk of missing causal identification. RESULTS A possible causal factor was identified in 928 (81%) men. Hypogonadism was the most frequent identified cause (37%), followed by varicocele (27%). Genetic abnormalities were found in 5% of patients. A causal factor was more easily identifiable for the more severe infertility cases, and azoospermic men were those less likely to be defined as idiopathic (OR and 95% CIs: 0.09; 0.04-0.20). Relative proportion of identified causes remained constant during the 10-year study period (p>0.43). CONCLUSIONS Due to a more comprehensive and extensive diagnostic work-up, at least one underlying cause of male infertility factor in 4 out of 5 infertile men can be identified. Men with a less severe phenotype remain a clinical challenge in terms of establishing a possible etiologic factor. Further studies are needed to assess which subset of infertile men deserves a more extensive work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Ventimiglia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pozzi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Ca’ Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boeri
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Ca’ Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Cazzaniga
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rayan Matloob
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Costantino Abbate
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Infertility Unit, Unit of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute (URI), Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Salonia,
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Teixeira TA, Oliveira YC, Bernardes FS, Kallas EG, Duarte-Neto AN, Esteves SC, Drevet JR, Hallak J. Viral infections and implications for male reproductive health. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:335-347. [PMID: 33473014 PMCID: PMC8269834 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_82_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections have haunted humankind since times immemorial. Overpopulation, globalization, and extensive deforestation have created an ideal environment for a viral spread with unknown and multiple shedding routes. Many viruses can infect the male reproductive tract, with potential adverse consequences to male reproductive health, including infertility and cancer. Moreover, some genital tract viral infections can be sexually transmitted, potentially impacting the resulting offspring's health. We have summarized the evidence concerning the presence and adverse effects of the relevant viruses on the reproductive tract (mumps virus, human immunodeficiency virus, herpes virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B and C viruses, Ebola virus, Zika virus, influenza virus, and coronaviruses), their routes of infection, target organs and cells, prevalence and pattern of virus shedding in semen, as well as diagnosis/testing and treatment strategies. The pathophysiological understanding in the male genital tract is essential to assess its clinical impact on male reproductive health and guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A Teixeira
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo 04534-011, SP, Brazil.,Division of Urology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.,Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil.,Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, AP, Brazil
| | - Yasmin C Oliveira
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo 04534-011, SP, Brazil.,Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, AP, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Bernardes
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo 04534-011, SP, Brazil.,Division of Urology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.,Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Amaro N Duarte-Neto
- BIAS - Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas 13075-460, SP, Brazil.,Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-968, SP, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Joël R Drevet
- GReD Institute, CNRS-INSERM-Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Jorge Hallak
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo 04534-011, SP, Brazil.,Division of Urology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.,Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil.,Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
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48
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Ferlin A, Garolla A, Ghezzi M, Selice R, Palego P, Caretta N, Di Mambro A, Valente U, De Rocco Ponce M, Dipresa S, Sartori L, Plebani M, Foresta C. Sperm Count and Hypogonadism as Markers of General Male Health. Eur Urol Focus 2021; 7:205-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Novaes MT, Ferreira de Carvalho OL, Guimarães Ferreira PH, Nunes Tiraboschi TL, Silva CS, Zambrano JC, Gomes CM, de Paula Miranda E, Abílio de Carvalho Júnior O, de Bessa Júnior J. Prediction of secondary testosterone deficiency using machine learning: A comparative analysis of ensemble and base classifiers, probability calibration, and sampling strategies in a slightly imbalanced dataset. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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50
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Oluwayiose OA, Josyula S, Houle E, Marcho C, Brian W Whitcomb, Rahil T, Sites CK, Pilsner JR. Association between sperm mitochondarial DNA copy number and nuclear DNA methylation. Epigenomics 2020; 12:2141-2153. [PMID: 33320694 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Accumulating evidence associates sperm mitochondria DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) with male infertility and reproductive success. However, the mechanism underlying mtDNAcn variation is largely unknown. Patients & methods: Sperm mtDNAcn and genome-wide DNA methylation were assessed using triplex probe-based quantitative PCR and Illumina's 450K array, respectively. Multivariable models assessed the association between sperm mtDNAcn and DNA methylation profiles of 47 men seeking infertility treatment. Results: A priori candidate-gene approach showed sperm mtDNAcn was associated with 16 CpGs located at/near POLG and TWNK genes. Unbiased genome-wide analysis revealed that sperm mtDNAcn was associated with 218 sperm differentially methylated regions (q < 0.05), which displayed predominantly (94%) increases in methylation. Conclusion: Findings suggest that DNA methylation may play a role in regulating sperm mtDNAcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladele A Oluwayiose
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Srinihaari Josyula
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Emily Houle
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Chelsea Marcho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Brian W Whitcomb
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Tayyab Rahil
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Cynthia K Sites
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - J Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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