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Christodoulou MS, Pinna C, Ghosh S, Princiotto S, Sacchi F, Brunetti B, Pizzatti C, Musso L, Cortesi P, Pinto A, Kunova A, Dallavalle S. Natural and Nature-Inspired Catechol Siderophores: A Promising Strategy for Rice Blast Management. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39365249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The rice-blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae poses a significant threat to rice production worldwide. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, has recently been reported to be involved in P. oryzae pathogenicity during plant-fungal interactions. Ferroptosis regulates the developmental cell death of conidia necessary for appressorium maturation. In this study, we have established that a series of benzamides containing a chelating catechol moiety suppresses the formation/maturation of appressoria, which are essential for host infection by the rice blast fungus. Moreover, for the most active compounds we have shown that their activity can be at least partially reversed by adding exogenous Fe3+. These results highlight the close association between iron availability and appressorium maturation, opening new avenues for the development of targeted strategies for P. oryzae management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Christodoulou
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pinna
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Sharmila Ghosh
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Salvatore Princiotto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacchi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Cristina Pizzatti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Loana Musso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Cortesi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Kunova
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan 20133, Italy
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2
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Mancera-López ME, Barrera-Cortés J. Influence of Chitosan on the Viability of Encapsulated and Dehydrated Formulations of Vegetative Cells of Actinomycetes. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2691. [PMID: 39408403 PMCID: PMC11478721 DOI: 10.3390/polym16192691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on developing an encapsulated and dehydrated formulation of vegetative actinobacteria cells for an efficient application in sustainable agriculture, both as a fungicidal agent in crop protection and as a growth-stimulating agent in plants. Three strains of actinobacteria were used: one from a collection (Streptomyces sp.) and two natives to agricultural soil, which were identified as S3 and S6. Vegetative cells propagated in a specific liquid medium for mycelium production were encapsulated in various alginate-chitosan composites produced by extrusion. Optimal conditions for cell encapsulation were determined, and cell damage from air-drying at room temperature was evaluated. The fresh and dehydrated composites were characterized by porosity, functional groups, size and shape, and their ability to protect the immobilized vegetative cells' viability. Actinomycetes were immobilized in capsules of 2.1-2.7 mm diameter with a sphericity index ranging from 0.058 to 0.112. Encapsulation efficiency ranged from 50% to 88%, and cell viability after drying varied between 44% and 96%, depending on the composite type, strain, and airflow. Among the three immobilized and dried strains, S3 and S6 showed greater resistance to encapsulation and drying with a 4 L·min-1 airflow when immobilized in coated and core-shell composites. Encapsulation in alginate-chitosan matrices effectively protects vegetative actinobacteria cells during dehydration, maintaining their viability and functionality for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josefina Barrera-Cortés
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Zacatenco Unit, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
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3
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Kulik T, Treder K, Rochoń M, Załuski D, Sulima P, Olszewski J, Bilska K, Elena G, Kowalski T. Measurement of the effectiveness of Clonostachys rosea in reducing Fusarium biomass on wheat straw. J Appl Genet 2024:10.1007/s13353-024-00906-8. [PMID: 39276302 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
The survival and growth of plant pathogens on crop residues are key factors facilitating the dynamics of crop diseases. Spores (e.g., perithecia, and chlamydospores) and mycelium of pathogenic fungi overwinter on harvest residues, such as straw, and serve as initial inoculum infecting crops in the next growing season. Therefore, targeting overwintering fungi is essential to attaining effective disease control. Beneficial microorganisms offer advantages in controlling pathogens through their ability to colonize and exploit different environmental niches. In this study, we applied qPCR assays to explore the biocontrol performance of locally isolated strains of Clonostachys against various Fusarium pathogens. We proved that prior colonization of wheat straw by Fusarium spp. can be effectively reduced by Clonostachys rosea. We demonstrated that the efficiency of C. rosea to reduce Fusarium inoculum appears to remain at a similar level for most studied strains regardless of the target pathogen and the level of colonization of substrates by pathogens. Efficient performance of local C. rosea strains identifies possible targets for future strategies to control Fusarium diseases in cereals. Our study also highlights the challenge in sequence-based determination of C. rosea, which is crucial for the efficient selection of beneficial strains for biocontrol purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Lodzki 1, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Kinga Treder
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Rochoń
- Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Lodzki 1, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz Załuski
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, Plac Lodzki 3, 10-724, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Sulima
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, Plac Lodzki 3, 10-724, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Olszewski
- Experimental Education Unit, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 1, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bilska
- Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Lodzki 1, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Georgina Elena
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tadeusz Kowalski
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
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4
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Yan ZZ, Hu HW, Xiong C, Peleg AY, Chen QL, Sáez-Sandino T, Maestre F, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Singh BK. Environmental microbiome, human fungal pathogens, and antimicrobial resistance. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00215-4. [PMID: 39304419 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, antifungal resistance (AFR) has received much less attention compared with bacterial resistance to antibiotics. However, global changes, pandemics, and emerging new fungal infections have highlighted global health consequences of AFR. The recent report of the World Health Organisation (WHO) has identified fungal priority pathogens, and recognised AFR among the greatest global health threats. This is particularly important given the significant increase in fungal infections linked to climate change and pandemics. Environmental factors play critical roles in AFR and fungal infections, as many clinically relevant fungal pathogens and AFR originate from the environment (mainly soil). In addition, the environment serves as a potential rich source for the discovery of new antifungal agents, including mycoviruses and bacterial probiotics, which hold promise for effective therapies. In this article, we summarise the environmental pathways of AFR development and spread among high priority fungal pathogens, and propose potential mechanisms of AFR development and spread. We identify a research priority list to address key knowledge gaps in our understanding of environmental AFR. Further, we propose an integrated roadmap for predictive risk management of AFR that is critical for effective surveillance and forecasting of public health outcomes under current and future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Yan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Ecosystem Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chao Xiong
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tadeo Sáez-Sandino
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Fernando Maestre
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.
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5
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Ding Y, Yang N, Lu Y, Xu J, Rana K, Chen Y, Xu Z, Qian W, Wan H. Fusiform nanoparticle boosts efficient genetic transformation in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:494. [PMID: 39160572 PMCID: PMC11334516 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a highly destructive phytopathogenic fungus that poses a significant threat to a wide array of crops. The current constraints in genetic manipulation techniques impede a thorough comprehension of its pathogenic mechanisms and the development of effective control strategies. RESULTS Herein, we present a highly efficient genetic transformation system for S. sclerotiorum, leveraging the use of fusiform nanoparticles, which are synthesized with FeCl3 and 2,6-diaminopyrimidine (DAP). These nanoparticles, with an average longitude length of 59.00 nm and a positively charged surface, facilitate the direct delivery of exogenous DNA into the mycelial cells of S. sclerotiorum, as well as successful integration with stable expression. Notably, this system circumvents fungal protoplast preparation and tedious recovery processes, streamlining the transformation process considerably. Furthermore, we successfully employed this system to generate S. sclerotiorum strains with silenced oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase-encoding gene Ss-oah1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using nanoparticle-mediated delivery as a rapid and reliable tool for genetic modification in S. sclerotiorum. Given its simplicity and high efficiency, it has the potential to significantly propel genetic research in filamentous fungi, offering new avenues for elucidating the intricacies of pathogenicity and developing innovative disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Ding
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Chongqing and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Chongqing and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kusum Rana
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Chongqing and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yangui Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Chongqing and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Chongqing and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Huafang Wan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Chongqing and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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6
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Ibe CN, Bailey SL, Korolev AV, Brett P, Saunders DGO. Isocitrate lyase promotes Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici susceptibility in wheat (Triticum aestivum) by suppressing accumulation of glyoxylate cycle intermediates. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2033-2044. [PMID: 38949911 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant fungal parasites manipulate host metabolism to support their own survival. Among the many central metabolic pathways altered during infection, the glyoxylate cycle is frequently upregulated in both fungi and their host plants. Here, we examined the response of the glyoxylate cycle in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) to infection by the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Gene expression analysis revealed that wheat genes encoding the two unique enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, isocitrate lyase (TaICL) and malate synthase, diverged in their expression between susceptible and resistant Pst interactions. Focusing on TaICL, we determined that the TaICL B homoeolog is specifically upregulated during early stages of a successful Pst infection. Furthermore, disruption of the B homoeolog alone was sufficient to significantly perturb Pst disease progression. Indeed, Pst infection of the TaICL-B disruption mutant (TaICL-BY400*) was inhibited early during initial penetration, with the TaICL-BY400* line also accumulating high levels of malic acid, citric acid, and aconitic acid. Exogenous application of malic acid or aconitic acid also suppressed Pst infection, with trans-aconitic acid treatment having the most pronounced effect by decreasing fungal biomass 15-fold. Thus, enhanced TaICL-B expression during Pst infection may lower accumulation of malic acid and aconitic acid to promote Pst proliferation. As exogenous application of aconitic acid and malic acid has previously been shown to inhibit other critical pests and pathogens, we propose TaICL as a potential target for disruption in resistance breeding that could have wide-reaching protective benefits for wheat and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol N Ibe
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sarah L Bailey
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Paul Brett
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Josi R, Pardini A, Haindrich A, Marar SV, Vogt ACS, Gessler A, Rentsch D, Cherubini P, Bachmann MF, Mohsen MO. Green Routes: Exploring Protein-Based Virus-like Nanoparticle Transport and Immune Activation in Nicotiana benthamiana for Biotechnological Applications. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:831. [PMID: 39203957 PMCID: PMC11358932 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral, bacterial, fungal, and nematode infections cause significant agricultural losses, with limited treatment options, necessitating novel approaches to enhance plant defense systems and protection against pathogens. Virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs), extensively used in animal and human therapies (e.g., vaccines and immune enhancers), hold potential for novel agricultural solutions and advancing plant nanotechnology. This study employed various methodologies, including VLP production, confocal microscopy, and real-time qPCR. Our findings demonstrated the presence of 30 nm Qβ-VLPs, fluorescently labeled, within the intercellular space of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves one hour post-infiltration. Furthermore, infiltration with Qβ-VLPs led to an upregulation of key defense genes (NbPR1a, NbPR5, NbNPR, NbERF1, NbMYC2, and NbLRR2) in treated plants. Using RT-qPCR, a significant increase in the relative expression levels of defense genes was observed, with sustained high levels of NbERF1 and NbLRR2 even after 24 h. These findings suggest that Qβ-VLPs effectively upregulate genes crucial for pathogen defense in N. benthamiana, initiating PAMP-triggered immunity and launching signaling cascades that enhance defense mechanisms. This innovative application of VLPs to activate plant defense programs advances plant nanobiotechnology, offering new agricultural solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Josi
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.O.M.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Pardini
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.O.M.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Sanjana V. Marar
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.O.M.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Cathrine S. Vogt
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.O.M.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Doris Rentsch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Deptartment of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.O.M.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.O.M.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Tajarub Research & Development, Doha P.O. Box 12627, Qatar
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Kim B, Nguyen MV, Park J, Kim YS, Han JW, Lee JY, Jeon J, Son H, Choi GJ, Kim H. Edeine B 1 produced by Brevibacillus brevis reduces the virulence of a plant pathogenic fungus by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. mBio 2024; 15:e0135124. [PMID: 38860787 PMCID: PMC11253638 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01351-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi cause serious diseases, which result in the loss of crop yields and reduce the quality of crops worldwide. To counteract the escalating risks of chemical fungicides, interest in biological control agents to manage plant diseases has significantly increased. In this study, we comprehensively screened microbial culture filtrates using a yeast screening system to find microbes exhibiting respiratory inhibition activity. Consequently, we found a soil-borne microbe Brevibacillus brevis HK544 strain exhibiting a respiration inhibitory activity and identified edeine B1 (EB1) from the culture filtrate of HK544 as the active compound of the respiration inhibition activity. Furthermore, against a plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum, our results showed that EB1 has effects on multiple aspects of respiration with the downregulation of most of the mitochondrial-related genes based on transcriptome analysis, differential EB1-sensitivity from targeted mutagenesis, and the synergistic effects of EB1 with electron transport chain complex inhibitors. With the promising plant disease control efficacy of B. brevis HK544 producing EB1, our results suggest that B. brevis HK544 has potential as a biocontrol agent for Fusarium head blight.IMPORTANCEAs a necrotrophic fungus, Fusarium graminearum is a highly destructive pathogen causing severe diseases in cereal crops and mycotoxin contamination in grains. Although chemical control is considered the primary approach to control plant disease caused by F. graminearum, fungicide-resistant strains have been detected in the field after long-term continuous application of fungicides. Moreover, applying chemical fungicides that trigger mycotoxin biosynthesis is a great concern for many researchers. Biocontrol of Fusarium head blight (FHB) by biological control agents (BCAs) represents an alternative approach and could be used as part of the integrated management of FHB and mycotoxin production. The most extensive studies on bacterial BCAs-fungal communications in agroecosystems have focused on antibiosis. Although many BCAs in agricultural ecology have already been used for fungal disease control, the molecular mechanisms of antibiotics produced by BCAs remain to be elucidated. Here, we found a potential BCA (Brevibacillus brevis HK544) with a strong antifungal activity based on the respiration inhibition activity with its active compound edeine B1 (EB1). Furthermore, our results showed that EB1 secreted by HK544 suppresses the expression of the mitochondria-related genes of F. graminearum, subsequently suppressing fungal development and the virulence of F. graminearum. In addition, EB1 exhibited a synergism with complex I inhibitors such as rotenone and fenazaquin. Our work extends our understanding of how B. brevis HK544 exhibits antifungal activity and suggests that the B. brevis HK544 strain could be a valuable source for developing new crop protectants to control F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomin Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minh Van Nguyen
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jiyeun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong Seok Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Woo Han
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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9
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Kolić D, Šinko G. Evaluation of Anticholinesterase Activity of the Fungicides Mefentrifluconazole and Pyraclostrobin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6310. [PMID: 38928014 PMCID: PMC11204243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Triazoles are compounds with various biological activities, including fungicidal action. They became popular through cholinesterase studies after the successful synthesis of the dual binding femtomolar triazole inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) by Sharpless et al. via in situ click chemistry. Here, we evaluate the anticholinesterase effect of the first isopropanol triazole fungicide mefentrifluconazole (Ravystar®), developed to overcome fungus resistance in plant disease management. Mefentrifluconazole is commercially available individually or in a binary fungicidal mixture, i.e., with pyraclostrobin (Ravycare®). Pyraclostrobin is a carbamate that contains a pyrazole ring. Carbamates are known inhibitors of cholinesterases and the carbamate rivastigmine is already in use for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We tested the type and potency of anticholinesterase activity of mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin. Mefentrifluconazole reversibly inhibited human AChE and BChE with a seven-fold higher potency toward AChE (Ki = 101 ± 19 μM). Pyraclostrobin (50 μM) inhibited AChE and BChE progressively with rate constants of (t1/2 = 2.1 min; ki = 6.6 × 103 M-1 min-1) and (t1/2 = 1.5 min; ki = 9.2 × 103 M-1 min-1), respectively. A molecular docking study indicated key interactions between the tested fungicides and residues of the lipophilic active site of AChE and BChE. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of the tested fungicides were compared to values for CNS-active drugs to estimate the blood-brain barrier permeability. Our results can be applied in the design of new molecules with a lesser impact on humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goran Šinko
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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10
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Souri P, Emamifar A, Davati N. Time-kill kinetic of nano-ZnO-loaded nanoliposomes against Aspergillus niger and Botrytis cinerea. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1669-1678. [PMID: 38369671 PMCID: PMC11153485 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro antimicrobial activity of nano-ZnO-loaded nanoliposomes at different levels of lecithin:nano-ZnO ratio (5:1, 15:1, and 25:1 w/w) against Aspergillus niger (IBRC-M 30095) and Botrytis cinerea (IBRC-M 30162) was evaluated. Nanoliposome formulations containing nano-ZnO were fabricated through thin-layer hydration sonication and heat methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of nano-ZnO-loaded nanoliposomes and free nano-ZnO against Aspergillus niger and Botrytis cinerea were determined. The time-kill experiments were performed for each isolate. Results showed that the encapsulation of nano-ZnO in nanoliposome systems significantly enhanced their antimicrobial activities by improving the penetration of ZnO nanoparticles the fungi cell membrane. In vitro antifungal activity of nano-ZnO-loaded nanoliposomes against Aspergillus niger and Botrytis cinerea was increased in thin-layer hydration sonication method compared with the heat method. The log phase for Aspergillus niger and Botrytis cinerea was around 70 h. Adding nano-ZnO-loaded nanoliposomes to the culture medium shortened the log phase for both Aspergillus niger and Botrytis cinerea. The highest antimicrobial activity of nanoliposomes was achieved using nanoliposomes containing the lecithin:nano-ZnO ratio of 25:1 (w/w) as compared to all samples. However, the length of the log phase growth cultures exposed to the nanoliposome formulations prepared by thin-layer hydration sonication method with the lecithin:nano-ZnO ratio of 25:1 (w/w) at MIC and MFC values was 60 and 40 h for both Aspergillus niger and Botrytis cinerea, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Souri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Industry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38695, Iran
| | - Aryou Emamifar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Industry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38695, Iran.
| | - Nafiseh Davati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Industry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38695, Iran
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11
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Schuster M, Kilaru S, Steinberg G. Azoles activate type I and type II programmed cell death pathways in crop pathogenic fungi. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4357. [PMID: 38821954 PMCID: PMC11143370 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Triazoles are widely used to control pathogenic fungi. They inhibit the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, but the precise mechanisms leading to fungicidal activities in many fungal pathogens are poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the mode of action of epoxiconazole and metconazole in the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. We show that both azoles have fungicidal activity and reduce fluidity, but not integrity, of the plasma membrane. This impairs localisation of Cdc15-like F-BAR proteins, resulting in defective actin ring assembly and incomplete septation. However, mutant studies and pharmacological experiments in vitro and in planta show that azole lethality is due to a combination of reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis and macroautophagy. Simultaneous inhibition of both programmed cell death pathways abolishes azole-induced cell death. Other classes of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors also induce apoptosis and macroautophagy, suggesting that activation of these two cell death pathways is a hallmark of ergosterol synthesis-targeting fungicides. This knowledge will inform future crop protection strategies.
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12
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Ying Z, Li XM, Yang SQ, Li HL, Li X, Wang BG, Meng LH. Antifungal Pseuboyenes A-J, Bergamotene-Derived Sesquiterpenoids from a Cold-Seep-Derived Pseudallescheria boydii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1347-1357. [PMID: 38701173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A chemical investigation of a cold-seep-sediment-derived fungus, Pseudallescheria boydii CS-793, resulted in characterization of 10 novel bergamotene-derived sesquiterpenoids, pseuboyenes A-J (1-10). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses as well as using the modified Mosher's method. Compound 1 represents the first example of a β-bergamotene containing a 6-oxobicyclo[3.2.1]octane nucleus adducted with a methyl lactate unit, while 8-10 involve a skeletal rearrangement from bergamotene. Compounds 2-5 showed significant antifungal activities against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. and Fusarium oxysporum with MICs ranging from 0.5 to 8 μg/mL. Compound 4 exhibited an in vitro anti-F. proliferatum effect with an EC50 value of 1.0 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ying
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Sui-Qun Yang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lei Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Gui Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Wenhai Road 1, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Hong Meng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Wenhai Road 1, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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Lv L, Jia F, Deng M, Di S, Chu T, Wang Y. Toxic mechanisms of imazalil, azoxystrobin and their mixture to hook snout carp (Opsariichthys bidens). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172022. [PMID: 38552970 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
While combinations of pesticides better represent actual conditions within aquatic ecosystems, the specific toxic effects of these combinations have not been determined yet. The objective of this research was to assess the combined impact of imazalil and azoxystrobin on the hook snout carp (Opsariichthys bidens) and delve into the underlying causes. Our findings indicated that the 4-day LC50 value for imazalil (1.85 mg L-1) was greater than that for azoxystrobin (0.90 mg L-1). When imazalil and azoxystrobin were combined, they presented a heightened effect on the species. Enzyme activities like SOD, CAT, GST, and CarE, along with androgen and estrogen levels, displayed marked differences in most single and combined treatments in comparison to the baseline group. Moreover, four genes (mn-sod, cu-sod, il-1, and esr) related to oxidative stress, immunity, and the endocrine system exhibited more pronounced expression changes when exposed to combined pesticides rather than individual ones. Our tests revealed that the combined use of imazalil and azoxystrobin had more detrimental effect on aquatic vertebrates than when evaluated individually. This finding suggested that future ecological hazard analyses based only on individual tests might not sufficiently safeguard our aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangzhao Jia
- Zunyi City Company Suiyang Branch, Guizhou Province Tobacco Company, Suiyang, 563300, Guizhou, China
| | - Meihua Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianfen Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Tagele SB, Gachomo EW. Evaluating the effects of mefenoxam on taxonomic and functional dynamics of nontarget fungal communities during carrot cultivation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9867. [PMID: 38684826 PMCID: PMC11058253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ridomil Gold SL (45.3% a.i. mefenoxam) is a widely used chemical fungicide for the control of oomycetes. However, its impact on fungal communities remains unexplored. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the effects of mefenoxam on the temporal dynamics of fungal taxonomic and functional diversities during carrot cultivation under four treatment groups: mefenoxam application with and without Pythium inoculation, and untreated control groups with and without Pythium inoculation. Our in vitro sensitivity assay showed that the maximum recommended concentration of mefenoxam, 0.24 ppm, did not suppress the mycelial growth of P. irregulare. At 100 ppm, mycelial growth was only reduced by 11.4%, indicating that the isolate was resistant to mefenoxam. MiSeq sequencing data revealed transient taxonomic variations among treatments 2 weeks post-treatment. Mortierella dominated the fungal community in the mefenoxam-Pythium combination treatment, as confirmed through PCR using our newly designed Mortierella-specific primers. Conversely, mefenoxam-Pythium combination had adverse effects on Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Fusarium, and decrease the overall alpha diversity. However, these compositional changes gradually reverted to those observed in the control by the 12th week. The predicted ecological functions of fungal communities in all Pythium and mefenoxam treatments shifted, leading to a decrease in symbiotrophs and plant pathogen functional groups. Moreover, the community-level physiological profiling approach, utilizing 96-well Biolog FF microplates, showed discernible variations in the utilization of 95 diverse carbon sources among the treatments. Notably, arbutin, L-arabinose, Tween 80, and succinamic acid demonstrated a strong positive association with Mortierella. Our findings demonstrate that a single application of mefenoxam at its recommended rate triggers substantial taxonomic and functional shifts in the soil fungal community. Considering this impact, the conventional agricultural practice of repeated mefenoxam application is likely to exert considerable shifts on the soil ecosystem that may affect agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setu Bazie Tagele
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Emma W Gachomo
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA.
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Pimentão AR, Cuco AP, Pascoal C, Cássio F, Castro BB. Current trends and mismatches on fungicide use and assessment of the ecological effects in freshwater ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123678. [PMID: 38447649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence of off-site ecological impacts of pesticides and policy efforts worldwide, pesticide use is still far from being ecologically sustainable. Fungicides are among the most sold classes of pesticides and are crucial to ensure global food supply and security. This study aimed to identify potential gaps of knowledge and mismatches between research and usage data of fungicides by: (i) systematizing the current trends in global sales of fungicides, focusing on the European context in particular (where they are proportionally important); (ii) reviewing the scientific literature on the impacts of synthetic fungicides on non-target freshwater organisms. Sales data revealed important global and regional asymmetries in the relative importance of fungicides and the preferred active ingredients. The literature review on the ecological effects of fungicides disclosed a mismatch between the most studied and the most sold substances, as well as a bias towards the use of single species assays with standard test organisms. To ensure a proper evaluation, risk scenarios should focus on a regional scale, and research agendas must highlight sensitive aquatic ecorreceptors and improve the crosstalk between analytical and sales data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pimentão
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Cuco
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Cássio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno B Castro
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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16
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Gao J, Song W, Tang X, Liu Y, Miao M. Feruloyl Glyceride Mitigates Tomato Postharvest Rot by Inhibiting Penicillium expansum Spore Germination and Enhancing Suberin Accumulation. Foods 2024; 13:1147. [PMID: 38672820 PMCID: PMC11049243 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Postharvest rot, caused by Penicillium expansum, in tomatoes poses significant economic and health risks. Traditional control methods, such as the use of fungicides, raise concerns about pathogen resistance, food safety, and environmental impact. In search of sustainable alternatives, plant secondary metabolites, particularly phenolic compounds and their derivatives, have emerged as promising natural antimicrobials. Among these, feruloyl glyceride (FG), a water-soluble derivative of ferulic acid, stands out due to its antioxidant properties, antibacterial properties, and improved solubility. In this study, we provide evidence demonstrating FG is capable of inhibiting the spore germination of P. expansum and effectively reducing the incidence rate of Penicillium rot of tomatoes, without compromising quality. Electron microscopy observations combined with metabolite and transcriptomic analyses revealed that FG treatments resulted in enhanced suberin accumulation through promoting the expression of suberin synthesis related genes and, consequently, inhibited the growth and expansion of P. expansum on the fruits. This work sheds light on the mechanisms underlying FG's inhibitory effects, allowing its potential application as a natural and safe alternative to replace chemical fungicides for postharvest preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Wu Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.T.)
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Miao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.T.)
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17
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Di S, Diao Z, Cang T, Wang Z, Xu L, Qi P, Zhao H, Liu Z, Wang X. Enantioselective fate and risk assessment of chiral fungicide pydiflumetofen in rice-fish and wheat farming systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169262. [PMID: 38081426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides have been widely used for reducing the losses caused by plant diseases. Rice and wheat are the most basic food crops, and the potential risks after applying fungicides are worthy of attention. Especially rice-fish farming system is an ecological symbiosis system that is beneficial to both environmental and ecological protection. However, the application of pesticides will stress the ecosystem, and the pesticide residues in rice and fish would be transmitted along the food chain, which is harmful to human health. Here, the enantioselective behaviors of chiral pydiflumetofen in rice-fish and wheat farming systems were clarified. In the rice-fish farming system, pydiflumetofen enantiomers were preferentially attached to the plants, entering the paddy water and settling into the paddy soil, and then accumulating and dissipating in the fish. With the growth of rice, it was transported to rice fruits. The wheat farming system was similar. Enantioselective dissipation occurred in carp (Cyprinus carpio), brown rice and wheat soil, and S-(+)-pydiflumetofen was preferentially dissipated. In other words, R-(-)-pydiflumetofen showed higher concentrations, especially in carp, which meant R-(-)-pydiflumetofen was more easily accumulated in the environment, and posed a greater potential risk to the farming system. The pydiflumetofen residues in brown rice and wheat were lower than MRLs from the EFSA (0.02 mg/kg) and eCFR (0.3 mg/kg), respectively. What deserves attention is that the MRL of pydiflumetofen in fish is not clear. Meanwhile, pydiflumetofen in paddy soil and wheat soil had a persistent residual effect, and the risks could not be ignored. Combined with the previous research, developing S-(+)-pydiflumetofen products will help to reduce the dosage and reduce the risks to environment and people. This study evaluated the environmental fate and risk of chiral pydiflumetofen from the perspective of farming system, and would provide data support for its rational use and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
| | - Ziyang Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Tao Cang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Lu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
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18
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Corrêa-Junior D, Parente CET, Frases S. Hazards Associated with the Combined Application of Fungicides and Poultry Litter in Agricultural Areas. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:110-134. [PMID: 38249104 PMCID: PMC10801622 DOI: 10.3390/jox14010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the poultry farming industry has assumed a pivotal role in meeting the global demand for affordable animal proteins. While poultry farming makes a substantial contribution to food security and nutrition, it also presents environmental and public health challenges. The use of poultry litter as fertilizer for agricultural soils raises concerns about the transfer of pathogens and drug-resistant microorganisms from poultry farms to crop production areas. On the other hand, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), fungicides represent the second most used chemical group in agricultural practices. In this context, agricultural soils receive the application of both poultry litter as a fertilizer and fungicides used in agricultural production. This practice can result in fungal contamination of the soil and the development of antifungal resistance. This article explores the necessity of monitoring antifungal resistance, particularly in food production areas with co-application of poultry litter and fungicides. It also highlights the role of fungi in ecosystems, decomposition, and mutualistic plant associations. We call for interdisciplinary research to comprehensively understand fungal resistance to fungicides in the environment. This approach seeks to promote sustainability in the realms of human health, agriculture, and the environment, aligning seamlessly with the One Health concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Corrêa-Junior
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Cláudio Ernesto Taveira Parente
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho s/n, Bloco G0, Sala 60, Subsolo, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, Brazil;
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, Brazil
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19
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Zhao J, Chen Y, Ding Z, Zhou Y, Bi R, Qin Z, Yang L, Sun P, Sun Q, Chen G, Sun D, Jiang X, Zheng L, Chen XL, Wan H, Wang G, Li Q, Teng H, Li G. Identification of propranolol and derivatives that are chemical inhibitors of phosphatidate phosphatase as potential broad-spectrum fungicides. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100679. [PMID: 37653727 PMCID: PMC10811373 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases cause enormous economic losses in agriculture and threaten global food security, and application of agrochemicals is an important method of crop disease control. Exploration of disease-resistance mechanisms and synthesis of highly bioactive agrochemicals are thus important research objectives. Here, we show that propranolol, a phosphatidate phosphatase (Pah) inhibitor, effectively suppresses fungal growth, sporulation, sexual reproduction, and infection of diverse plants. The MoPah1 enzyme activity of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is inhibited by propranolol. Alterations in lipid metabolism are associated with inhibited hyphal growth and appressorium formation caused by propranolol in M. oryzae. Propranolol inhibits a broad spectrum of 12 plant pathogens, effectively inhibiting infection of barley, wheat, maize, tomato, and pear. To improve antifungal capacity, we synthesized a series of propranolol derivatives, one of which shows a 16-fold increase in antifungal ability and binds directly to MoPah1. Propranolol and its derivatives can also reduce the severity of rice blast and Fusarium head blight of wheat in the field. Taken together, our results demonstrate that propranolol suppresses fungal development and infection through mechanisms involved in lipid metabolism. Propranolol and its derivatives may therefore be promising candidates for fungicide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhifen Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaru Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruiqing Bi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziting Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiping Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Daiyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xianya Jiang
- Yangjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hu Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Huailong Teng
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guotian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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20
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Hodgson LM, Rakshit S, Lopez-Ruiz FJ, Gibberd MR, Thomas GJ, Zerihun A. Spatial Dependency in Stubble-Borne Pyrenophora teres f. teres and Influence of Sample Support Size on DNA Concentration and Fungicide Resistance Frequency. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:269-281. [PMID: 37505095 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-23-0062-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Fungicide resistance in foliar fungal pathogens is an increasing challenge to crop production. Yield impacts due to loss of fungicide efficacy may be reduced through effective surveillance and appropriate management intervention. For stubble-borne pathogens, off-season crop residues may be used to monitor fungicide resistance to inform pre-planting decisions; however, appropriate sampling strategies and support sizes for crop residues have not previously been considered. Here, we used Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt) with resistance to demethylase inhibitor fungicides as a model system to assess spatial dependency and to compare the effects of different sampling strategies and support sizes on pathogen density (Ptt DNA concentration) and the frequency of fungicide resistance mutation. The results showed that sampling strategies (hand-picked versus raked) did not affect estimates of pathogen density or fungicide resistance frequency; however, sample variances were lower from raked samples. The effects of differing sample support size, as the size of the collection area (1.2, 8.6, or 60 m2), on fungicide resistance frequency were not evident (P > 0.05). However, measures of pathogen density increased with area size (P < 0.05); the 60 m2 area yielded the highest Ptt DNA concentration and produced the lowest number of pathogen-absent samples. Sample variances for pathogen density and fungicide resistance frequency were generally homogeneous between area sizes. The pattern of pathogen density was spatially independent; however, spatial dependency was identified for fungicide resistance frequency, with a range of 110 m, in one of the two fields surveyed. Collectively, the results inform designs for monitoring of fungicide resistance in stubble-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M Hodgson
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Suman Rakshit
- Curtin Biometry and Agriculture Data Analytics, Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Francisco J Lopez-Ruiz
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Mark R Gibberd
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Geoff J Thomas
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Ayalsew Zerihun
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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21
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Soto-Cardinault C, Childs KL, Góngora-Castillo E. Network Analysis of Publicly Available RNA-seq Provides Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Defense against Multiple Fungal Pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2223. [PMID: 38137044 PMCID: PMC10743233 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens can have devastating effects on global crop production, leading to annual economic losses ranging from 10% to 23%. In light of climate change-related challenges, researchers anticipate an increase in fungal infections as a result of shifting environmental conditions. However, plants have developed intricate molecular mechanisms for effective defense against fungal attacks. Understanding these mechanisms is essential to the development of new strategies for protecting crops from multiple fungi threats. Public omics databases provide valuable resources for research on plant-pathogen interactions; however, integrating data from different studies can be challenging due to experimental variation. In this study, we aimed to identify the core genes that defend against the pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum higginsianum and Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using a custom framework to control batch effects and construct Gene Co-expression Networks in publicly available RNA-seq dataset from infected A. thaliana plants, we successfully identified a gene module that was responsive to both pathogens. We also performed gene annotation to reveal the roles of previously unknown protein-coding genes in plant defenses against fungal infections. This research demonstrates the potential of publicly available RNA-seq data for identifying the core genes involved in defending against multiple fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Soto-Cardinault
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida 97205, Mexico;
| | - Kevin L. Childs
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Elsa Góngora-Castillo
- CONAHCYT-Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida 97205, Mexico
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22
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Moonjely S, Ebert M, Paton-Glassbrook D, Noel ZA, Roze L, Shay R, Watkins T, Trail F. Update on the state of research to manage Fusarium head blight. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103829. [PMID: 37666446 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating diseases of cereal crops, causing severe reduction in yield and quality of grain worldwide. In the United States, the major causal agent of FHB is the mycotoxigenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum. The contamination of grain with mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, is a particularly serious concern due to its impact on the health of humans and livestock. For the past few decades, multidisciplinary studies have been conducted on management strategies designed to reduce the losses caused by FHB. However, effective management is still challenging due to the emergence of fungicide-tolerant strains of F. graminearum and the lack of highly resistant wheat and barley cultivars. This review presents multidisciplinary approaches that incorporate advances in genomics, genetic-engineering, new fungicide chemistries, applied biocontrol, and consideration of the disease cycle for management of FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Moonjely
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Malaika Ebert
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Drew Paton-Glassbrook
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Zachary A Noel
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Ludmila Roze
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Rebecca Shay
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Tara Watkins
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Frances Trail
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
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23
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Gomez JS, Shaikhet M, Loganathan AK, Darnowski MG, Boddy CN, McMullin DR, Avis TJ. Characterization of Arthropeptide B, an Antifungal Cyclic Tetrapeptide from Arthrobacter humicola. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:528-536. [PMID: 37322383 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disease suppressive composts are known, yet little information on the potential role of specific microbial antagonist within are available. Arthrobacter humicola isolate M9-1A has been obtained from a compost prepared from marine residues and peat moss. The bacterium is a non-filamentous actinomycete with antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes sharing its ecological niche in agri-food microecosystems. Our objective was to identify and characterize compounds with antifungal activity produced by A. humicola M9-1A. Arthrobacter humicola culture filtrates were tested for antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo and a bioassay-guided approach was used to identify potential chemical determinants of its observed activity against molds. The filtrates reduced the development of lesions of Alternaria rot on tomatoes and the ethyl acetate extract inhibited growth of Alternaria alternata. A compound, arthropeptide B [cyclo-(L-Leu, L-Phe, L-Ala, L-Tyr)], was purified from the ethyl acetate extract of the bacterium. Arthropeptide B is a new chemical structure reported for the first time and has shown antifungal activity against A. alternata spore germination and mycelial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Shaikhet
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | | | - Michael G Darnowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Christopher N Boddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David R McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Tyler J Avis
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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24
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Scott J, Amich J. The role of methionine synthases in fungal metabolism and virulence. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:853-863. [PMID: 37449444 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20230007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Methionine synthases (MetH) catalyse the methylation of homocysteine (Hcy) with 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5, methyl-THF) acting as methyl donor, to form methionine (Met) and tetrahydrofolate (THF). This function is performed by two unrelated classes of enzymes that differ significantly in both their structures and mechanisms of action. The genomes of plants and many fungi exclusively encode cobalamin-independent enzymes (EC.2.1.1.14), while some fungi also possess proteins from the cobalamin-dependent (EC.2.1.1.13) family utilised by humans. Methionine synthase's function connects the methionine and folate cycles, making it a crucial node in primary metabolism, with impacts on important cellular processes such as anabolism, growth and synthesis of proteins, polyamines, nucleotides and lipids. As a result, MetHs are vital for the viability or virulence of numerous prominent human and plant pathogenic fungi and have been proposed as promising broad-spectrum antifungal drug targets. This review provides a summary of the relevance of methionine synthases to fungal metabolism, their potential as antifungal drug targets and insights into the structures of both classes of MetH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Scott
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection, and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Amich
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection, and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Mycology Reference Laboratory (Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Micología [LRIM]), National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Jost M, Outram MA, Dibley K, Zhang J, Luo M, Ayliffe M. Plant and pathogen genomics: essential approaches for stem rust resistance gene stacks in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1223504. [PMID: 37727853 PMCID: PMC10505659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1223504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The deployment of disease resistance genes is currently the most economical and environmentally sustainable method of crop protection. However, disease resistance genes can rapidly break down because of constant pathogen evolution, particularly when they are deployed singularly. Polygenic resistance is, therefore, considered the most durable, but combining and maintaining these genes by breeding is a laborious process as effective genes are usually unlinked. The deployment of polygenic resistance with single-locus inheritance is a promising innovation that overcomes these difficulties while enhancing resistance durability. Because of major advances in genomic technologies, increasing numbers of plant resistance genes have been cloned, enabling the development of resistance transgene stacks (RTGSs) that encode multiple genes all located at a single genetic locus. Gene stacks encoding five stem rust resistance genes have now been developed in transgenic wheat and offer both breeding simplicity and potential resistance durability. The development of similar genomic resources in phytopathogens has advanced effector gene isolation and, in some instances, enabled functional validation of individual resistance genes in RTGS. Here, the wheat stem rust pathosystem is used as an illustrative example of how host and pathogen genomic advances have been instrumental in the development of RTGS, which is a strategy applicable to many other agricultural crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Ayliffe
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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26
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Zhao T, Sun Y, Meng Y, Liu L, Dai J, Yan G, Pan X, Guan X, Song L, Lin R. Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Novel Pyrazole Analogues Containing the Aryl Trifluoromethoxy Group. Molecules 2023; 28:6279. [PMID: 37687108 PMCID: PMC10488855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
On the basis of the three-component synthetic methodology developed by us, a total of twenty-six pyrazole compounds bearing aryl OCF3 were designed and synthesized. Their chemical structures were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry. These compounds were evaluated systematically for antifungal activities in vitro against six plant pathogenic fungi by the mycelium growth rate method. Most of the compounds showed some activity against each of the fungi at 100 μg/mL. Compounds 1t and 1v exhibited higher activity against all the tested fungi, and 1v displayed the highest activity against F. graminearum with an EC50 value of 0.0530 μM, which was comparable with commercial pyraclostrobin. Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that, with respect to the R1 substituent, the straight chain or cycloalkyl ring moiety was a key structural moiety for the activity, and the R2 substituent on the pyrazole ring could have significant effects on the activity. Simple and readily available pyrazoles with potent antifungal activity were obtained, which are ready for further elaboration to serve as a pharmacophore in new potential antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (G.Y.); (X.P.); (X.G.)
| | - Ran Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (G.Y.); (X.P.); (X.G.)
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27
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Mann CWG, Sawyer A, Gardiner DM, Mitter N, Carroll BJ, Eamens AL. RNA-Based Control of Fungal Pathogens in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12391. [PMID: 37569766 PMCID: PMC10418863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Our duty to conserve global natural ecosystems is increasingly in conflict with our need to feed an expanding population. The use of conventional pesticides not only damages the environment and vulnerable biodiversity but can also still fail to prevent crop losses of 20-40% due to pests and pathogens. There is a growing call for more ecologically sustainable pathogen control measures. RNA-based biopesticides offer an eco-friendly alternative to the use of conventional fungicides for crop protection. The genetic modification (GM) of crops remains controversial in many countries, though expression of transgenes inducing pathogen-specific RNA interference (RNAi) has been proven effective against many agronomically important fungal pathogens. The topical application of pathogen-specific RNAi-inducing sprays is a more responsive, GM-free approach to conventional RNAi transgene-based crop protection. The specific targeting of essential pathogen genes, the development of RNAi-nanoparticle carrier spray formulations, and the possible structural modifications to the RNA molecules themselves are crucial to the success of this novel technology. Here, we outline the current understanding of gene silencing pathways in plants and fungi and summarize the pioneering and recent work exploring RNA-based biopesticides for crop protection against fungal pathogens, with a focus on spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). Further, we discuss factors that could affect the success of RNA-based control strategies, including RNA uptake, stability, amplification, and movement within and between the plant host and pathogen, as well as the cost and design of RNA pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. G. Mann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.W.G.M.); (A.S.); (B.J.C.)
| | - Anne Sawyer
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.W.G.M.); (A.S.); (B.J.C.)
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (D.M.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Donald M. Gardiner
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (D.M.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Neena Mitter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (D.M.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Bernard J. Carroll
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.W.G.M.); (A.S.); (B.J.C.)
| | - Andrew L. Eamens
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
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28
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Vijayakumar BG, Ramesh D, Kumari S, Maity A, Pinnaka AK, Kannan T. Enhancing antifungal properties of chitosan by attaching isatin-piperazine-sulfonyl-acetamide pendant groups via novel imidamide linkage. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125428. [PMID: 37330090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
World health organization listed fungi as priority pathogens in 2022 to counter their adverse effects on human well-being. The use of antimicrobial biopolymers is a sustainable alternative to toxic antifungal agents. In this study, we explore chitosan as an antifungal agent by grafting a novel compound N-(4-((4-((isatinyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl) acetamide (IS). The acetimidamide linkage of IS to chitosan herein was confirmed by 13C NMR and is a new branch in chitosan pendant group chemistry. The modified chitosan films (ISCH) were studied using thermal, tensile, and spectroscopic methods. The ISCH derivatives strongly inhibit fungal pathogens of agricultural and human importance, namely Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Myrothecium verrucaria, Penicillium oxalicum, and Candida albicans. ISCH80 showed an IC50 value of 0.85 μg/ml against M. verrucaria and ISCH100 with IC50 of 1.55 μg/ml is comparable to the commercial antifungal IC50 values of Triadiamenol (3.6 μg/ml) and Trifloxystrobin (3 μg/ml). Interestingly, the ISCH series remained non-toxic up to 2000 μg/ml against L929 mouse fibroblast cells. The ISCH series showed long-standing antifungal action, superior to our lowest observed antifungal IC50 values of plain chitosan and IS at 12.09 μg/ml and 3.14 μg/ml, respectively. ISCH films are thus suitable for fungal inhibition in an agricultural setting or food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepthi Ramesh
- Dept of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Sumeeta Kumari
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Akashpratim Maity
- Dept of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pinnaka
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
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29
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Minter F, Saunders DGO. Safeguarding wheat yields from cereal fungal invaders in the postgenomic era. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 73:102310. [PMID: 37018996 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Wheat production is under constant threat from pests and pathogens, with fungal foliar diseases causing considerable annual yield losses. However, recent improvements in genomic tools and resources provide an unprecedented opportunity to enhance wheat's resilience in the face of these biotic constraints. Here, we discuss the impact of these advances on three key areas of managing fungal diseases of wheat: (i) enhancing the abundance of resistance traits available for plant breeding, (ii) accelerating the identification of novel fungicide targets and (iii) developing better tools for disease diagnostics and surveillance. Embracing these new genomics-led technological innovations in crop protection could revolutionise our wheat production system to improve resilience and prevent yield losses.
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Tetz V, Kardava K, Krasnov K, Vecherkovskaya M, Tetz G. Antifungal activity of a novel synthetic polymer M451 against phytopathogens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1176428. [PMID: 37275130 PMCID: PMC10235499 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1176428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi are the predominant causal agents of plant diseases. Available fungicides have substantial disadvantages, such as being insufficiently effective owing to intrinsic tolerance and the spread of antifungal resistance accumulating in plant tissues, posing a global threat to public health. Therefore, finding a new broad-spectrum fungicide is a challenge to protect plants. We studied the potency of a novel antimicrobial agent, M451, a 1,6-diaminohexane derivative, against different phytopathogenic fungi of the Ascomycota, Oomycota, and Basidiomycota phyla. M451 exhibited significant antifungal activity with EC50 values from 34-145 μg/mL. The minimal fungicidal concentration against Fusarium oxysporum ranged from 4 to 512 μg/mL depending on the exposure times of 5 min to 24 h. M451 has the highest activity and significantly lower exposure times compared to different polyene, azole, and phenylpyrrole antifungals. The conidial germination assay revealed that M451 induced 99 and 97.8% inhibition against F. oxysporum within 5 min of exposure to 5,000 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. Germ tube elongation, spore production, and spore germination were also significantly inhibited by M451 at concentrations of ≥50 μg/mL. Based on the broad spectrum of antifungal effects across different plant pathogens, M451 could be a new chemical fungicide for plant disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - George Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY, United States
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Zhang C, Zhao C, Zheng H, Li L, Zheng Y, Wu Z. Design, Synthesis, and Study of the Dual Action Mode of Novel N-Thienyl-1,5-disubstituted-4-pyrazole Carboxamides against Nigrospora oryzae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7210-7220. [PMID: 37141153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the single target but extensive application of commercialized succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), resistance problems have gradually become apparent in recent years. To solve this problem, a series of novel N-thienyl-1,5-disubstituted-1H-4-pyrazole carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized in this work based on the active skeleton 5-trifluoromethyl-4-pyrazole carboxamide. The bioassay results indicated that some target compounds exhibited excellent in vitro antifungal activities against the eight phytopathogenic fungi tested. Among them, the EC50 values of T4, T6, and T9 against Nigrospora oryzae were 5.8, 1.9, and 5.5 mg/L, respectively. The in vivo protective and curative activities of 40 mg/L T6 against rice infected with N. oryzae were 81.5% and 43.0%, respectively. Further studies revealed that T6 not only significantly inhibited the growth of N. oryzae mycelia but also effectively hindered spore germination and germ tube elongation. Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy (FM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) found that T6 could affect the mycelium membrane integrity by increasing cell membrane permeability and causing peroxidation of cellular lipids, and these results were further verified by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The IC50 value of T6 against succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was 7.2 mg/L, lower than that of the commercialized SDHI penthiopyrad (3.4 mg/L). Further, ATP content detection and the results after docking T6 and penthiopyrad suggested that T6 was a potential SDHI. These studies demonstrated that active compound T6 could both inhibit the activity of SDH and affect the integrity of the cell membrane at the same time via a dual action mode, which is different from the mode of action of penthiopyrad. Thus, this study provides a new idea for a strategy to delay resistance and diversify the structures of SDHIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Cailong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Huanlin Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Longju Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Li W, Long Y, Yin X, Wang W, Zhang R, Mo F, Zhang Z, Chen T, Chen J, Wang B, Chen X. Antifungal activity and mechanism of tetramycin against Alternaria alternata, the soft rot causing fungi in kiwifruit. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105409. [PMID: 37105636 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit rot caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata occurs in many countries, leading to considerable losses during kiwifruit production. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity and mechanism of tetramycin against kiwifruit soft rot caused by Alternaria alternata. Tetramycin exerted antifungal effects through the suppression of mycelial growth, conidial germination, and the pathogenicity of A. alternata. Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that tetramycin destroyed the mycelial structure, causing the mycelia to twist, shrink, and even break. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy revealed that tetramycin caused severe plasmolysis and a decrease in cell inclusions, and the cell wall appeared thinner with blurred boundaries. In addition, tetramycin destroyed cell membrane integrity, resulting in the leakage of cellular components such as nucleic acids and proteins in mycelial suspensions. Moreover, tetramycin also caused cell wall lysis by enhancing the activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase and inducing the overexpression of related chitinase gene (Chit) and β-1,3-glucanase gene (β-1,3-glu) in A. alternata. In field trials, tetramycin not only decreased the incidence of kiwifruit rot but also create a beneficial living space for kiwifruit growth. Overall, this study indicated that the application of tetramycin could serve as an alternative measure for the management of kiwifruit rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Li
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Youhua Long
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Teaching Experiment Farm, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xianhui Yin
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Rongquan Zhang
- Management Committee of Eastern Agricultural Industrial Park of Shuicheng County, Liupanshui 553000, China
| | - Feixu Mo
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Zhuzhu Zhang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bingce Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xuetang Chen
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Fardella PA, Clarke BB, Belanger FC. The Epichloë festucae Antifungal Protein Efe-AfpA Has Activity against Numerous Plant Pathogens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040828. [PMID: 37110250 PMCID: PMC10145699 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal plant pathogens can present major problems for most crop species. Currently, control of fungal diseases relies heavily on the use of fungicides. However, there are problems associated with fungicide use, including potential toxicity to non-target organisms and the development of resistance in the target fungus. New strategies are being sought to reduce fungicide use. One area of active research is the potential use of antifungal proteins from various fungal species as alternatives or complements to traditional fungicides. An antifungal protein, Efe-AfpA, from the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae was previously found to protect plants from the pathogen Clarireedia jacksonii, the causal agent of dollar spot disease. Here we report that Efe-AfpA also has inhibitory activity against other important plant pathogens. These results suggest that it may be possible to develop Efe-AfpA as a biofungicide to target a broad range of destructive plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Fardella
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bruce B Clarke
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Faith C Belanger
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Zhang C, Yang J, Zhao C, Li L, Wu Z. Potential Fungicide Candidates: A Dual Action Mode Study of Novel Pyrazole-4-carboxamides against Gibberella zeae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1862-1872. [PMID: 36669159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazole carboxamides are a class of traditional succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) that have developed into a variety of commercialized fungicides. In the present work, a series of novel 1,5-disubstituted-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the active backbone of 5-trifluoromethyl-1H-4-pyrazole carboxamide. Bioassay results indicated that some target compounds exhibited excellent in vitro antifungal activities against six phytopathogenic fungi. Notably, the EC50 values of Y47 against Gibberella zeae, Nigrospora oryzae, Thanatephorus cucumeris, and Verticillium dahliae were 5.2, 9.2, 12.8, and 17.6 mg/L, respectively. The in vivo protective and curative activities of Y47 at 100 mg/L against G. zeae on maize were 50.7 and 44.2%, respectively. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis revealed that the large steric hindrance and electronegative groups on the 5-position of the pyrazole ring were important for the activity. The IC50 value of Y47 against succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was 7.7 mg/L, superior to fluopyram (24.7 mg/L), which was consistent with the docking results. Morphological studies with fluorescence microscopy (FM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) found that Y47 could affect the membrane integrity of mycelium by inducing endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and causing peroxidation of cellular lipids, which was further verified by the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Antifungal mechanism analysis demonstrated that the target compound Y47 not only had significant SDH inhibition activity but could also affect the membrane integrity of mycelium, exhibiting obvious dual action modes. This research provides a novel approach to the development of traditional SDHIs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jingxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Cailong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Longju Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Hodgson LM, Cox BA, Lopez-Ruiz FJ, Gibberd MR, Thomas GJ, Zerihun A. Optimized Sample Processing Pipeline for PCR-Based Fungicide Resistance Quantification of Stubble-Borne Fungal Pathogens. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:321-333. [PMID: 36075052 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-22-0239-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, yield losses associated with failed crop protection due to fungicide-resistant pathogens present an increasing problem. For stubble-borne pathogens, assessment of crop residues during the off-season could provide early fungicide resistance quantification for informed management decisions to mitigate yield losses. However, stubble assessment is hampered by assay inhibitors that are derived from decaying organic matter. To overcome assay inhibition from weathered stubble samples, we used a systems approach to quantify the frequency of resistance to demethylase inhibitor fungicides of the barley pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. teres. The system canvassed (i) 10 ball-milling conditions; (ii) four DNA extraction methodologies; and (iii) three column purification techniques for the provision of sufficient yield, quality, and purity of fungal DNA for a PCR-based fungicide resistance assay. Results show that DNA quantity and purity differed within each of the above three categories, with the optimized pipeline being (i) ball-milling samples in a 50-ml stainless steel canister for 5 min using a 20-mm ball at 30 revolutions s-1; (ii) a modified Brandfass method (extracted 64% more DNA than other methods assessed); and (iii) use of silica resin columns for the highest DNA concentration with optimal DNA purity. The chip-digital PCR assay, which quantified fungicide resistance from field samples, was unaffected by the DNA extraction method or purification technique, provided that thresholds of template quantity and purity were satisfied. In summary, this study has developed molecular pipeline options for pathogen fungicide resistance quantification from cereal stubbles, which can guide management for improved crop protection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M Hodgson
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Belinda A Cox
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Francisco J Lopez-Ruiz
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Mark R Gibberd
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Geoff J Thomas
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Ayalsew Zerihun
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Xu H, Wu H, Zhang X, Lu X, Sun T, Qi Y, Lin Y, Yang X, Zhang L, Ling Y. Design, Synthesis and Bioactivity of Sulfonyl Hydrazides and Hydrazides Containing Fragment 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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Luan S, Chen Y, Wang X, Yan D, Xu J, Cui H, Huang Q. Synergy of cystamine and pyraclostrobin against Fusarium graminearum involves membrane permeability mitigation and autophagy enhancement. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105287. [PMID: 36464340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The application of fungicide mixture is one of the most important measures to extend the service life of highly selective fungicides. Pyraclostrobin (PYR), which has been extensively used to control plant diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration of pathogenic fungi, is at a high risk of resistance development. In this study, the potential of PYR alone or in combination with cystamine, an inhibitor of microbial transglutaminase, to suppress Fusarium graminearum was tested in vitro and in vivo. A synergistic effect of PYR/CYS mixture was observed both in vitro and when applied to etiolated wheat coleoptile. The control effect of PYR/CYS mixture on F. graminearum was better than that of PYR alone, which was reflected by the increased protection effect. The discrepancies of membrane permeability and the redox-physiological state were observed between PYR and PYR/CYS treatments, suggesting that an increased PYR availability in F. graminearum mycelia could be related with the observed synergistic action. Moreover, a synergistic profile was observed between PYR and CYS in regard of massive autophagosomes in mycelia, indicating that enhanced autophagy could be involved in the mode of action of PYR/CYS mixture. The differential content of mitochondrial metabolites between PYR and PYR/CYS treatments also provided evidence for CYS contribution to the fungicidal action of PYR/CYS mixture. The results provide insight into the synergistic mechanism of action of PYR/CYS mixture and an effective way to enhance the efficiency of PYR to combat F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorong Luan
- College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223,PR China; Synergy Innovation Center of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223,PR China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223,PR China; Synergy Innovation Center of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223,PR China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jialin Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Hairong Cui
- College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223,PR China; Synergy Innovation Center of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223,PR China.
| | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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Cannon S, Kay W, Kilaru S, Schuster M, Gurr SJ, Steinberg G. Multi-site fungicides suppress banana Panama disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010860. [PMID: 36264855 PMCID: PMC9584521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Global banana production is currently challenged by Panama disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (FocTR4). There are no effective fungicide-based strategies to control this soil-borne pathogen. This could be due to insensitivity of the pathogen to fungicides and/or soil application per se. Here, we test the effect of 12 single-site and 9 multi-site fungicides against FocTR4 and Foc Race1 (FocR1) in quantitative colony growth, and cell survival assays in purified FocTR4 macroconidia, microconidia and chlamydospores. We demonstrate that these FocTR4 morphotypes all cause Panama disease in bananas. These experiments reveal innate resistance of FocTR4 to all single-site fungicides, with neither azoles, nor succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), strobilurins or benzimidazoles killing these spore forms. We show in fungicide-treated hyphae that this innate resistance occurs in a subpopulation of "persister" cells and is not genetically inherited. FocTR4 persisters respond to 3 μg ml-1 azoles or 1000 μg ml-1 strobilurins or SDHIs by strong up-regulation of genes encoding target enzymes (up to 660-fold), genes for putative efflux pumps and transporters (up to 230-fold) and xenobiotic detoxification enzymes (up to 200-fold). Comparison of gene expression in FocTR4 and Zymoseptoria tritici, grown under identical conditions, reveals that this response is only observed in FocTR4. In contrast, FocTR4 shows little innate resistance to most multi-site fungicides. However, quantitative virulence assays, in soil-grown bananas, reveals that only captan (20 μg ml-1) and all lipophilic cations (200 μg ml-1) suppress Panama disease effectively. These fungicides could help protect bananas from future yield losses by FocTR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Cannon
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - William Kay
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sarah Jane Gurr
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gero Steinberg
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Xu X, Chen Y, Li B, Zhang Z, Qin G, Chen T, Tian S. Molecular mechanisms underlying multi-level defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac066. [PMID: 35591926 PMCID: PMC9113409 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The horticultural industry helps to enrich and improve the human diet while contributing to growth of the agricultural economy. However, fungal diseases of horticultural crops frequently occur during pre- and postharvest periods, reducing yields and crop quality and causing huge economic losses and wasted food. Outcomes of fungal diseases depend on both horticultural plant defense responses and fungal pathogenicity. Plant defense responses are highly sophisticated and are generally divided into preformed and induced defense responses. Preformed defense responses include both physical barriers and phytochemicals, which are the first line of protection. Induced defense responses, which include innate immunity (pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity), local defense responses, and systemic defense signaling, are triggered to counterstrike fungal pathogens. Therefore, to develop regulatory strategies for horticultural plant resistance, a comprehensive understanding of defense responses and their underlying mechanisms is critical. Recently, integrated multi-omics analyses, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, high-throughput sequencing, and data mining have greatly contributed to identification and functional determination of novel phytochemicals, regulatory factors, and signaling molecules and their signaling pathways in plant resistance. In this review, research progress on defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens and novel regulatory strategies to regulate induction of plant resistance are summarized, and then the problems, challenges, and future research directions are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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41
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Hamed MY, Aly AF, Abdullah NH, Ismail MF. Synthesis, Characterization and Antifungal Evaluation of Novel Pyridazin-3(2 H)-One Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2044865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Y. Hamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Central Agricultural Pesticide Lab., Pesticide Formulations Department, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aly Fahmy Aly
- Central Agricultural Pesticide Lab., Pesticide Formulations Department, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Hamed Abdullah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F. Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Leannec-Rialland V, Atanasova V, Chereau S, Tonk-Rügen M, Cabezas-Cruz A, Richard-Forget F. Use of Defensins to Develop Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Synthetic Fungicides to Control Phytopathogenic Fungi and Their Mycotoxins. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:229. [PMID: 35330231 PMCID: PMC8950385 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Crops are threatened by numerous fungal diseases that can adversely affect the availability and quality of agricultural commodities. In addition, some of these fungal phytopathogens have the capacity to produce mycotoxins that pose a serious health threat to humans and livestock. To facilitate the transition towards sustainable environmentally friendly agriculture, there is an urgent need to develop innovative methods allowing a reduced use of synthetic fungicides while guaranteeing optimal yields and the safety of the harvests. Several defensins have been reported to display antifungal and even-despite being under-studied-antimycotoxin activities and could be promising natural molecules for the development of control strategies. This review analyses pioneering and recent work addressing the bioactivity of defensins towards fungal phytopathogens; the details of approximately 100 active defensins and defensin-like peptides occurring in plants, mammals, fungi and invertebrates are listed. Moreover, the multi-faceted mechanism of action employed by defensins, the opportunity to optimize large-scale production procedures such as their solubility, stability and toxicity to plants and mammals are discussed. Overall, the knowledge gathered within the present review strongly supports the bright future held by defensin-based plant protection solutions while pointing out the obstacles that still need to be overcome to translate defensin-based in vitro research findings into commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Leannec-Rialland
- Université de Bordeaux, UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), INRAE, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Vessela Atanasova
- UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), INRAE, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (V.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Sylvain Chereau
- UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), INRAE, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (V.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Miray Tonk-Rügen
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus Liebig University, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR Parasitic Molecular Biology and Immunology (BIPAR), Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, 94700 Maison-Alfort, France
| | - Florence Richard-Forget
- UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), INRAE, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (V.A.); (S.C.)
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de la Torre A, Jurca M, Hoffmann K, Schmitz L, Heimel K, Kämper J, Pérez-Martín J. Robust Cre recombinase activity in the biotrophic smut fungus Ustilago maydis enables efficient conditional null mutants in planta. Genetics 2022; 220:iyab152. [PMID: 34849846 PMCID: PMC8733456 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-specific recombinases have been used in higher eukaryotes, especially in animals, for a broad range of applications, including chromosomal translocations, large deletions, site-specific integration, and tissue-specific as well as conditional knock-outs. The application of site-specific recombination has also been demonstrated in simple eukaryotes like fungi and protozoa. However, its use in fungal research, especially in phytopathogenic fungi, has often been limited to "recycle" the marker genes used in transformation experiments. We show that Cre recombinase can be used for conditional gene deletions in the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis. Conditional gene knock-outs can be generated via the transcriptional control of the recombinase by U. maydis promoters specifically activated during the biotrophic phase of fungal growth, enabling gene deletions at defined developmental stages inside the plant tissue. Also, we show that a tamoxifen-activated Cre-recombinase allows the tight control necessary for the induced deletion of essential genes by the addition of tamoxifen. These tools will be helpful to address the function of genes under both axenic and in planta conditions for the U. maydis-maize pathosystem and should pave the way for similar approaches in other plant pathosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Jurca
- Department of Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kai Hoffmann
- Department of Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lara Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Kai Heimel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Jörg Kämper
- Department of Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - José Pérez-Martín
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (CSIC), Salamanca 37007, Spain
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Liu P, Cai Y, Wang R, Li B, Weng Q. Effect of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on perillaldehyde-mediated regulation of postharvest Aspergillus flavus growth on peanuts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li S, Li X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Xu H. The research progress in and perspective of potential fungicides: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116476. [PMID: 34757244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have become one of the fastest growing classes of new fungicides since entering the market, and have attracted increasing attention as a result of their unique structure, high activity and broad fungicidal spectrum. The mechanism of SDHIs is to inhibit the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, thereby affecting mitochondrial respiration and ultimately killing pathogenic fungi. At present, they have become popular varieties researched and developed by major pesticide companies in the world. In the review, we focused on the mechanism, the history, the representative varieties, structure-activity relationship and resistance of SDHIs. Finally, the potential directions for the development of SDHIs were discussed. It is hoped that this review can strengthen the individuals' understanding of SDHIs and provide some inspiration for the development of new fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Xiangshuai Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Zishi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China.
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Xu F, Baker R, Whitaker T, Luo H, Zhao Y, Stevenson A, Boesch C, Zhang G. Review of good agricultural practices for smallholder maize farmers to minimise aflatoxin contamination. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2021.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maize is consumed world-wide as staple food, livestock feed, and industrial raw material. However, it is susceptible to fungal attack and at risk of aflatoxin contamination under certain conditions. Such contamination is a serious threat to human and animal health. Ensuring that the maize used by food industry meets standards for aflatoxin levels requires significant investment across the supply chain. Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) form a critical part of a broader, integrated strategy for reduction of aflatoxin contamination. We reviewed and summarised the GAP of maize that would be effective and practicable for aflatoxin control within high-risk regions for smallholder farmers. The suggested practicable GAP for smallholder farmers were: use of drought-tolerant varieties; timely harvesting before physiological maturity; sorting to remove damaged ears and those having poor husk covering; drying properly to 13% moisture content; storage in suitable conditions to keep the crop clean and under condition with minimally proper aeration, or ideally under hermetic conditions. This information is intended to provide guidance for maize growers that will help reduce aflatoxin in high-risk regions, with a specific focus on smallholder farmers. Following the proposed guidelines would contribute to the reduction of aflatoxin contamination during pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages of the maize value chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Xu
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, 2 Yanqi North Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou, 101407 Beijing, China P.R
| | - R.C. Baker
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, 2 Yanqi North Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou, 101407 Beijing, China P.R
| | - T.B. Whitaker
- North Carolina State University, P.O. Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
| | - H. Luo
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, 2 Yanqi North Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou, 101407 Beijing, China P.R
| | - Y. Zhao
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, 2 Yanqi North Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou, 101407 Beijing, China P.R
| | - A. Stevenson
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, 2 Yanqi North Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou, 101407 Beijing, China P.R
| | - C.J. Boesch
- Food Systems and Food Safety Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - G. Zhang
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, 2 Yanqi North Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou, 101407 Beijing, China P.R
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Ma G, Gao X, Nan J, Zhang T, Xie X, Cai Q. Fungicides alter the distribution and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in ginseng fields. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8043-8056. [PMID: 34595989 PMCID: PMC8806933 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was focused on comparison of four typical fungicides in ginseng field to evaluate the impact of the different fungicides on the soil bacterial and fungal communities’ composition and diversity by using high-throughput sequencing. Five treatments were designed comprising carbendazim (D), dimethyl disulfide (E), dazomet (M), calcium cyanamide (S), and control (C). The application of fungicide obviously altered the distribution of dominant fungal and bacterial communities and remarkably decreased the diversity (1099-763 and 6457-2245). The most abundant Proteobacteria obviously degenerate in fungicide-treated soil and minimum in E (0.09%) compared to control (25.72%). The relative abundance of Acidobacteria was reduced from 27.76 (C) to 7.14% after applying fungicide and minimum in E. The phylum Actinobacteria are both decomposers of organic matter and enemies of soil-borne pathogens, elevated from 11.62 to 51.54% and are high in E. The fungi community mainly distributed into Ascomycota that enriched from 66.09 to 88.21% and highin M and E (88.21 and 85.10%), and Basidiomycota reduced from 21.13 to 3.23% and low in M and E (5.27 and 3.23%). Overall, environmentally related fungicides decreased the diversity and altered the composition of bacterial and fungal communities, highest sensitivity present in dimethyl disulfide-treated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Nan
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaobao Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Cai
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Rosa S, Pesaresi P, Mizzotti C, Bulone V, Mezzetti B, Baraldi E, Masiero S. Game-changing alternatives to conventional fungicides: small RNAs and short peptides. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:320-337. [PMID: 34489105 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fungicide use is one of the core elements of intensive agriculture because it is necessary to fight pathogens that would otherwise cause large production losses. Oomycete and fungal pathogens are kept under control using several active compounds, some of which are predicted to be banned in the near future owing to serious concerns about their impact on the environment, non-targeted organisms, and human health. To avoid detrimental repercussions for food security, it is essential to develop new biomolecules that control existing and emerging pathogens but are innocuous to human health and the environment. This review presents and discusses the use of novel low-risk biological compounds based on small RNAs and short peptides that are attractive alternatives to current contentious fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rosa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesaresi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Mizzotti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincent Bulone
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, I-60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, I-20133, Milano, Italy.
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Ayesha MS, Suryanarayanan TS, Nataraja KN, Prasad SR, Shaanker RU. Seed Treatment With Systemic Fungicides: Time for Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:654512. [PMID: 34408757 PMCID: PMC8365024 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.654512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pre-sowing seed treatment with systemic fungicides is a firmly entrenched practice for most agricultural crops worldwide. The treatment is intended to protect the crop against seed- and soil-borne diseases. In recent years, there is increasing evidence that fungicidal applications to manage diseases might inadvertently also affect non-target organisms, such as endophytes. Endophytes are ubiquitously present in plants and contribute to plant growth and development besides offering resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In seeds, endophytes may play a role in seed development, seed germination, seedling establishment and crop performance. In this paper, we review the recent literature on non-target effects of fungicidal applications on endophytic fungal community and discuss the possible consequences of indiscriminate seed treatment with systemic fungicide on seed endophytes. It is now well recognized that endophytes are ubiquitously present in all parts of the plant, including the seeds. They may be transmitted vertically from seed to seed as in many grasses and/or acquired horizontally from the soil and the environment. Though the origins and evolution of these organisms in plants are a matter of conjecture, numerous studies have shown that they symbiotically aid in plant growth and development, in nutrient acquisition as well in protecting the plants from abiotic and biotic stresses. Against this background, it is reasonable to assume that the use of systemic fungicides in seed treatment may not only affect the seed endophytes but also their attendant benefits to seedling growth and establishment. While there is evidence to indicate that fungicidal applications to manage plant diseases also affect foliar endophytes, there are only few studies that have documented the effect of seed treatment on seed-borne endophytes. Some of the convincing examples of the latter come from studies on the effect of fungicide application on rye grass seed endophyte AR37. More recently, experiments have shown that removal of seed endophytes by treatment with systemic fungicides leads to significant loss of seedling vigour and that such losses could be partially restored by enriching the seedlings with the lost endophytes. Put together, these studies reinforce the importance of seed endophytes to seedling growth and establishment and draw attention on how to trade the balance between the benefits of seed treatments and the direct and indirect costs incurred due to loss of endophytes. Among several approaches, use of reduced-risk fungicides and identifying fungicide-resistant endophytes are suggested to sustain the endophyte contribution to early seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulla S. Ayesha
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Karaba N. Nataraja
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Ramanan Uma Shaanker
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
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