1
|
Zhang K, Ma Q, Wang Y, Yuan Z, Yang Z, Luo X, Zhang H, Xia H, Lv X, Wang Y, Deng Q. Transcriptome and biochemical analyses reveal phenolic compounds-mediated flavor differences in loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivars Chunhua No.1 and Dawuxing. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101145. [PMID: 38312488 PMCID: PMC10837488 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The novel loquat cultivar 'Chunhua No.1' (CH1) is a promising commercial cultivar. However, CH1 has texture characteristics different from those of common loquat, and its formation mechanism remains unclear. Here, we first identified the phenolic compounds of CH1 and its parent ('Dawuxing', DWX) and the effect on texture formation. The special presence of stone cells explained the flavor differences in CH1. Chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and coniferyl alcohol were the main phenolic compounds in loquat, and the high content of coniferyl alcohol was a potential factor for the rough texture of CH1. Transcriptome reveals that phenylpropanoid metabolism was activated during CH1 fruit texture formation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) identified 51 structural genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified four structural genes and 88 transcription factors. These findings provide new insights into the phenolic metabolism and flavor formation of loquat fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiaoli Ma
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhenchao Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwu Yang
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Xian Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huifen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang K, Zhou J, Song P, Li X, Peng X, Huang Y, Ma Q, Liang D, Deng Q. Dynamic Changes of Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gene Expression in 'Snow White' Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Fruit throughout Development and Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:80. [PMID: 38203258 PMCID: PMC10779426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The newly released 'Snow White' (SW), a white-fleshed loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivar, holds promise for commercial production. However, the specifics of the phenolic composition in white-fleshed loquats, along with the antioxidant substances and their regulatory mechanisms, are not yet fully understood. In this study, we examined the dynamic changes in the phenolic compounds, enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression patterns of SW during the key stages of fruit development and ripening. A total of 18 phenolic compounds were identified in SW, with chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and coniferyl alcohol being the most predominant. SW demonstrated a stronger antioxidant capacity in the early stages of development, largely due to total phenolics and flavonoids. Neochlorogenic acid may be the most significant antioxidant contributor in loquat. A decline in enzyme activities corresponded with fruit softening. Different genes within a multigene family played distinct roles in the synthesis of phenolics. C4H1, 4CL2, 4CL9, HCT, CCoAOMT5, F5H, COMT1, CAD6, and POD42 were implicated in the regulation of neochlorogenic acid synthesis and accumulation. Consequently, these findings enhance our understanding of phenolic metabolism and offer fresh perspectives on the development of germplasm resources for white-fleshed loquats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (K.Z.); (J.Z.); (P.S.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (Y.H.); (Q.M.); (D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan QJ, Chen YY, Wu MX, Yang H, Cao JP, Sun CD, Wang Y. Phenolics and Terpenoids Profiling in Diverse Loquat Fruit Varieties and Systematic Assessment of Their Mitigation of Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1795. [PMID: 37891875 PMCID: PMC10604257 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare and investigate the phenolic compounds in the peel and flesh of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) and evaluate their ability to protect against alcohol-induced liver oxidative stress, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze 22 phenolics and 2 terpenoid compounds in loquat peel and flesh extracts (extraction with 95% ethanol). Among these, six compounds were identified for the first time in loquat, revealing distinct distribution patterns based on variety and tissue. Various chemical models, such as DPPH, FRAP, ORAC, and ABTS, were used to assess free radical scavenging and metal ion reduction capabilities. The results indicate that peel extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacity compared with flesh extracts. Using a normal mouse liver cell line, AML-12, we explored the protective effects of loquat extracts and individual compounds against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. The findings demonstrate the enhanced cell viability and the induction of antioxidant enzyme activity through the modulation of Nrf2 and Keap1 gene expression. In a C57/BL6 mouse model of alcohol-induced liver damage, loquat extract was found to alleviate liver injury induced by alcohol. The restoration of perturbed serum liver health indicators underscored the efficacy of loquat extract in reclaiming equilibrium. The culmination of these findings significantly bolsters the foundational knowledge necessary to explore the utilization of loquat fruit extract in the creation of health-focused products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Jiao Yan
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100000, China;
| | - Yun-Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Man-Xi Wu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Han Yang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Jin-Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Chong-De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pawłowska AM, Żurek N, Kapusta I, De Leo M, Braca A. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Phenolic Extracts of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Fruits and Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3221. [PMID: 37765385 PMCID: PMC10536983 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasing interest in new sources of secondary metabolites as biologically active substances has resulted in an advanced study of many plant species. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. = Rhaphiolepis bibas (Lour.) Galasso & Banfi, Rosaceae family), an evergreen, subtropical fruit tree, native to China and Japan, but cultivated in southern countries of Europe, is a species commonly used in folk medicine and may be an excellent source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the profile of the phenolic constituents of E. japonica fruits and leaves originating from Tuscany (Italy), as well as their in vitro antioxidant and chemopreventive activities on human cancer cell lines breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2 and HT-29), and glioblastoma (U87MG). Results revealed that the extract of leaves displayed higher antioxidant and anticancer potential than the fruit extract and contained 25 individual phenolic compounds that have been characterized and quantified by the UPLC-PDA-MS method. The antiproliferative activity was correlated with the content of polyphenolic compounds indicating that both fruits and leaves are a good source of antioxidants and may be exploited as nutraceuticals enriching food or as components for the cosmetic/pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Maria Pawłowska
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Natalia Żurek
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mokhtari I, Mokhtari C, Moumou M, Harnafi M, Milenkovic D, Amrani S, Hakmaoui A, Harnafi H. Polyphenol-rich extract from loquat fruit peel prevents hyperlipidemia and hepato-nephrotoxicity in mice: in vivo study and in silico prediction of possible mechanisms involving identified polyphenols and/or their circulating metabolites. Food Funct 2023; 14:7489-7505. [PMID: 37498560 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01992f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is the most well-known cause of metabolic complications and tissue toxicity such as liver steatosis, atherosclerosis and obesity. This study aims to evaluate the preventive effect of loquat fruit peel extract (PE) against tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia and related tissue lipotoxicity in mice. The in vivo study was conducted on mice injected daily with tyloxapol at 100 mg per kg B.W. and treated simultaneously with the PE at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg kg-1 or fenofibrate for 28 days. Plasma and tissue lipid biochemical analyses were undertaken using enzymatic methods. The antioxidative stress was revealed by measuring the malondialdehyde content and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as the scavenging activity against lipoperoxyl radicals. The PE significantly prevented oxidative stress and restored lipid metabolism, plasma glucose, body weight, organ relative mass and biomarkers of hepato-nephrotoxicity as well as the histological structure of the liver and kidneys. It contains five major polyphenols, namely, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and quercetin. According to molecular docking analysis, these compounds and their circulating metabolites could interact with major proteins implicated in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Overall, the study suggests that PE could prevent hyperlipidemia and related toxic tissue complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imane Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Chakib Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment - ECOMP, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammadine Moumou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Harnafi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Souliman Amrani
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Abdelmalek Hakmaoui
- Laboratory of Biopathology, Center of Clinical Research, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harnafi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pastorelli G, Simeonidis K, Faustini M, Le Mura A, Cavalleri M, Serra V, Attard E. Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Gas Production Kinetics of Alternative Feed Resources for Small Ruminants in the Maltese Islands. Metabolites 2023; 13:762. [PMID: 37367919 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing human population, the problem associated with climate change and recent crises-COVID-19 disease and trade conflicts-all impacted on the availability and cost of animal feed raw materials. This is clearly visible in realities which heavily rely on importation such as islands and small states, where producers involved in the agricultural sector were strongly affected by the sharp increase in prices. To deal with these global issues, alternative resources are perceived to replace conventional ingredients. This work aimed at assessing the nutritive value of different resources (sheep feed, mature carob, Maltese bread, wild asparagus, prickly lettuce, and loquat) for small ruminants present in the Maltese Islands, analyzing their chemical composition, gas production kinetics and antioxidant properties. In general, the variation in chemical composition resulted in different rumen fermentation kinetics (p < 0.007). The ratio between GP-24 h and GP-48 h was higher in Maltese bread than other substrates; loquat, prickly lettuce and wild asparagus showed lower fermentation kinetics in accordance with their high NDF and ADF contents. The antioxidant activity may be partially related to the polyphenolic content that was higher in wild asparagus, prickly lettuce and loquat. All feed characteristic confirmed their potential to be included as ingredients in ruminant diets and as a source of fiber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pastorelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Kalliroi Simeonidis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Massimo Faustini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Angelo Le Mura
- Indipendent Researcher, 28053 Castelletto sopra Ticino, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Cavalleri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- Research-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Everaldo Attard
- Division of Rural Sciences and Food Systems, Institute of Earth Systems, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shah HMS, Khan AS, Singh Z, Ayyub S. Postharvest Biology and Technology of Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Foods 2023; 12:foods12061329. [PMID: 36981255 PMCID: PMC10048680 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit is a rich source of carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, sugars, and organic acids. Although it is classified as a non-climacteric fruit, susceptibility to mechanical and physical bruising causes its rapid deterioration by moisture loss and postharvest decay caused by pathogens. Anthracnose, canker, and purple spot are the most prevalent postharvest diseases of loquat fruit. Cold storage has been used for quality management of loquat fruit, but the susceptibility of some cultivars to chilling injury (CI) consequently leads to browning and other disorders. Various techniques, including cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage, hypobaric storage, modified atmosphere packaging, low-temperature conditioning, heat treatment, edible coatings, and postharvest chemical application, have been tested to extend shelf life, mitigate chilling injury, and quality preservation. This review comprehensively focuses on the recent advances in the postharvest physiology and technology of loquat fruit, such as harvest maturity, fruit ripening physiology, postharvest storage techniques, and physiological disorders and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Sattar Khan
- Postharvest Research and Training Centre, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zora Singh
- Horticulture, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Saqib Ayyub
- Postharvest Research and Training Centre, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdelrahman ZR, Bustanji YK, Abdalla SS. Ethanol Extracts of Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat) Seeds, Leaves, and Fruits Have Anti-obesity and Hypolipidemic Effects in Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09731296221137432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a serious public health problem contributing to development of several diseases, including hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. The plant Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat many ailments and traditional healers used it to reduce weight. Objective: To examine the potential anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of ethanol extract of loquat in rats. Materials and Methods: Loquat leaves, fruits, or seeds were extracted with ethanol. About 96 Wistar male rats were fed either a normal rat diet (normal control group; group 1) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks (obese; groups 2−12). Obese rats were divided into11 groups as follows: (obese control: group 2) (obese positive control which received the hypolipidemic reference drug atorvastatin: group 3). Groups (4−6), (7−9), and (10−12) were given seed, leaf, or fruit extract, respectively, at 40,100, and 400 mg/kg. Body weight, serum glucose, lipid profile, creatinine, liver enzymes, albumin, and total protein were measured weekly. Results: HFD consumption significantly increased body weight and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and glucose and decreased HDL compared to rats fed the normal diet. HFD also increased serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine but decreased serum albumin and total protein. Administration of E. japonica seed, leaf, or fruit extract significantly decreased body weight, TC, TGs, LDL, VLDL, glucose, liver, and renal enzymes but increased HDL, albumin, and total protein levels. Conclusion: E. japonica seed, leaf, and fruit ethanol extract regulates body weight gain, has hypolipidemic properties, and positively affects liver and kidney enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab R. Abdelrahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yasser K. Bustanji
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shtaywy S. Abdalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Costa BP, Ikeda M, de Melo AM, Bambirra Alves FES, Carpiné D, Ribani RH. Eriobotrya japonica fruits and its by-products: A promising fruit with bioactive profile and trends in the food application – A bibliometric review. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Zhu X, Wang L, Zhao T, Jiang Q. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Eriobotrya japonica leaves: A summary. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115566. [PMID: 35870687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. has been included in "The Plant List" (http://www.theplantlist.org) and is the most widely researched species in its genus. E. japonica is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree belonging to the Rosaceae family. Its dried leaves are widely used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine to treat coughing caused by pulmonary inflammation, dyspnea due to asthma and cough, nausea caused by stomach disorders, restlessness, and thirst. Furthermore, it is used to treat stomach ache, ulcers, chronic bronchitis, cancer, and diabetes mellitus in Japanese folk medicine. However, no systematic reports on E. japonica leaves have been published before. AIM OF THE STUDY This review summarizes the available information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control of various extracts and phytoconstituents of E. japonica leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant publications between 1931 and 2022 were considered. Chinese and English studies on E. japonica leaves were collected from databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, ACS Publications, Springer, and CNKI (Chinese). The traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control of E. japonica leaves were reviewed. RESULTS Briefly, 164 compounds, including triterpenes, flavonoids, sesquiterpene glycosides, megastigmane derivatives, phenylpropanoids, and organic acids, have been identified from E. japonica leaves, in addition to 169 volatile oils. More than half of these compounds have not yet been reported to have pharmacological activities. Triterpenes and flavonoids are the most important bioactive compounds responsible for pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. Other beneficial physiological effects such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, bronchodilatory, antitussive, and expectorant effects and tracheal smooth muscle relaxation, protection against myocardial ischemia injury, and improved cognitive activities have also been reported. High doses of E. japonica leaf extracts have been used in laboratory animals, and no side effects or toxicity-symptoms have been observed. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacological activities of E. japonica leaves support their use in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. However, several aspects, such as the bioavailability, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationships of the pure compounds isolated from E. japonica leaves, have not been studied yet and warrant further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Tie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dantas CAG, Abreu LS, da Cunha HN, Veloso CAG, Souto AL, de Fátima Agra M, de Oliveira Costa VC, da Silva MS, Tavares JF. Dereplication of phenolic derivatives of three Erythroxylum species using liquid chromatography coupled with ESI-MS n and HRESIMS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:1011-1026. [PMID: 33738879 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the diversity of secondary metabolites produced by species of the genus Erythroxylum, in addition to the many methods that have already been described in the literature, modern screening and identification methodologies, such as dereplication, represent an efficient and quick strategy compared to the classic techniques linked to natural product research. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to determine the phenolic profiles obtained from three species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman, Erythroxylum pulchrum A.St.-Hil. and Erythroxylum simonis Plowman) by dereplication using liquid chromatography coupled with ESI-MSn and HRESIMS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ethyl acetate and n-butanolic fractions from crude ethanolic extract of Erythroxylum species were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MSn and HPLC-HRESIMS, in order to identify its corresponding compounds. Experiments were performed in negative ionization mode, and the metabolites were provisionally identified based on deprotonated molecules, molecular formulas, fragmentation patterns and literature data. The corresponding isolated compounds were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. RESULTS According to the dereplication method, it was possible to establish and compare the phenolic profile of the corresponding species by the assignment of 55 compounds, most of which were first described in these species and among which some were also new to the Erytroxylum genus. Additionally, nine compounds were isolated, including biphenyl-3,3',4,4'-tetraol, where the mass spectral data were not sufficient for their identification, and reported for the first time in the Erythroxylaceae family. CONCLUSION This research contributes to the phytochemical knowledge of the Erythroxylum genus and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication method regarding the investigation of natural products, enabling accurate identification of the metabolites while avoiding the efforts and material expenses involved in the isolation of known compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto Gonçalves Dantas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Hidna Nascimento da Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Arthur Gouveia Veloso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Augusto Lopes Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Agra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Vicente Carlos de Oliveira Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dhiman A, Suhag R, Thakur D, Gupta V, Prabhakar PK. Current Status of Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.): Bioactive Functions, Preservation Approaches, and Processed Products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1866007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Dhiman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Rajat Suhag
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Dhruv Thakur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Viresh Gupta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pramod K Prabhakar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tian Y, Deng F. Phytochemistry and biological activity of mustard (Brassica juncea): a review. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1833988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangming Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
López-Lluch DB, Cano-Lamadrid M, Hernández F, Zimmer A, Lech K, Figiel A, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Wojdyło A. Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Carotenoids of Dried Loquat Fruit cv. 'Algar' Affected by Freeze-, Convective-, Vacuum-Microwave- and Combined-Drying Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:E3643. [PMID: 32785157 PMCID: PMC7464511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of different drying techniques (freeze, convective, vacuum-microwave and combined drying) on the drying kinetics, the phytochemical compounds and sensory characteristics in loquat cultivar 'Algar' was studied. The convective drying resulted in the highest amount of total hydroxycinnamic acids (5077 mg/kg wet weight (ww)), with 3-caffeoyl quinic acid and 5-caffeoyl quinic acid being the greatest carotenoids. The highest values of total carotenoids were obtained by the freeze-drying technique (2601 mg/kg ww), followed by all convective treatments and vacuum-microwave at 360 W. The highest carotenoid was β-carotene. The ABTS+• (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and FRAP (Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power) values ranged from 2.04 up to 3.27 mmol Trolox/100 g ww, and from 1.89 up to 2.29 mmol Trolox/100 g ww, respectively. As expected, the color difference of freeze-dried samples was the lowest (7.06), similar to combined drying conditions (9.63), whilst the highest value was found after convective drying (37.0). All treatments were sensory acceptable (no off-flavors). However, still, further research is needed to fully optimize these studied drying treatments because the freeze-dried sample still had higher carotenoid content and better instrumental color parameters. Although recently the impact of microwave drying has been studied, this is the first work comparing phytochemical composition of loquat fruit under the different drying methods mentioned above.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bernardo López-Lluch
- Departamento Economía Agroambiental, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Marina Cano-Lamadrid
- Departamento Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Grupo Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (M.C.-L.); (Á.A.C.-B.)
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Group Plant Production and Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Aleksandra Zimmer
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Krzysztof Lech
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Adam Figiel
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Ángel Antonio Carbonell-Barrachina
- Departamento Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Grupo Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (M.C.-L.); (Á.A.C.-B.)
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Park BJ, Nomura T, Fukudome H, Onjo M, Shimada A, Samejima H. Chemical Constituents of the Leaves of Eriobotrya japonica. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02854-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
16
|
Park YJ, Baek SA, Choi Y, Kim JK, Park SU. Metabolic Profiling of Nine Mentha Species and Prediction of Their Antioxidant Properties Using Chemometrics. Molecules 2019; 24:E258. [PMID: 30641968 PMCID: PMC6359624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mentha species are well recognized for their medicinal and aromatic properties. The comprehensive metabolite profiles of nine Mentha species have been determined. The extracts of these Mentha species were also screened for antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. Forty-seven hydrophilic and seventeen lipophilic compounds were identified and quantified from the selected Mentha species. Also, eleven phenolic compounds, riboflavin and eight carotenoids were present, and their composition and content varied among the various Mentha species. The different Mentha species exhibited a range of antioxidant potencies. Horse mint especially exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, and reducing power assay) among the nine Mentha species. A difference between different samples from the same species was not observed by multivariate analysis. A high correlation between metabolites involved in closely linked biosynthetic pathways has been indicated. The projection to latent structure method, using the partial least squares (PLS) method, was applied to predict antioxidant capacities based on the metabolite profiles of Mentha leaves. According to the PLS analysis, several carotenoid contents, such as E-β-carotene, 9Z-β-carotene, 13Z-β-carotene and lutein, as well as phenolic compounds, showed a positive relationship in reducing the power of Mentha extracts. Horse mint is a good candidate because of its high antioxidant efficacy among the nine Mentha species included in the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea.
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zangueu CB, Olounlade AP, Ossokomack M, Djouatsa YNN, Alowanou GG, Azebaze AGB, Llorent-Martínez EJ, de Córdova MLF, Dongmo AB, Hounzangbe-Adote MS. In vitro effects of aqueous extract from Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell stem bark on egg hatching, larval migration and adult worms of Haemonchus contortus. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:147. [PMID: 29716590 PMCID: PMC5930434 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maytenus senegalensis is a common shrub which is scattered in tropical Africa. Different parts of this plant have been reported to be useful in traditional medicine against gastrointestinal disorders and intestinal worms. This study evaluated the anthelmintic activity of the aqueous stem bark extract of M. senegalensis using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA) and adult worms’ motility inhibition assay (AMIA). Results On EHA, the extract concentrations tested resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) inhibition of egg hatching in concentration-dependent manner and ranged between 31.86% at 75 μg.mL− 1 to 54.92% at 2400 μg.mL− 1 after a 48 h post-exposure with eggs. For the LMI assays, the aqueous extract of M. senegalensis showed a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of larval migration in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest concentration used (2400 μg.mL− 1) showed a 37.77% inhibition. The use of polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP) indicated that tannins and flavonoids were partly involved in the effect since the larval migration was inhibited by 15.5%, but other biochemical compounds were also implicated. On AMIA, M. senegalensis was associated with a reduced worm motility after a 24 h post exposure compared to phosphate buffered saline as control (p < 0.05). By this time 66.66% of the worms’ were found immotile or dead in the wells containing plant extract at 2400 μg.mL− 1. The Phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract of M. senegalensis by HPLC-ESI-MSn detected the presence of proanthocyanidins (20%) and flavonoids (> 50%). Conclusions These in vitro results suggest the presence of some anthelmintic properties in M. senegalensis extract, which is traditionally used by small farmers in west and central Africa. These effects may be due to the flavonoids and proanthocyanidins present in the extract and need to be studied under in vivo conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Bogning Zangueu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology and Animal Health, Faculty of Agronomic Science University of Abomey Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Abiodoun Pascal Olounlade
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology and Animal Health, Faculty of Agronomic Science University of Abomey Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Pluridisciplinairy Laboratory, School of Management and Exploitation of livestock Systems, University National of Agricultural of Porto-Novo, 01 BP: 55, Porto - Novo, Benin
| | - Marlyse Ossokomack
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Goue Géorcelin Alowanou
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology and Animal Health, Faculty of Agronomic Science University of Abomey Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Anatole Guy Blaise Azebaze
- Laboratory of chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Eulogio José Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Alain Bertrand Dongmo
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbe-Adote
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology and Animal Health, Faculty of Agronomic Science University of Abomey Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 526, Cotonou, Benin
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim DI, Kim HJ, Yun JM, Lee JH, Han SJ, Kim HE, Jang MJ, An BJ. Anti-inflammation effect of blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) leaf extract on RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.11002/kjfp.2018.25.1.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
19
|
Choi SY, Kim JH, Lee J, Lee S, Cho EJ. Protective effect ofAcer okamotoanumfrom oxidative stress in C6 glial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2017.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hadjipieri M, Georgiadou EC, Marin A, Diaz-Mula HM, Goulas V, Fotopoulos V, Tomás-Barberán FA, Manganaris GA. Metabolic and transcriptional elucidation of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in peel and flesh tissue of loquat fruit during on-tree development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:102. [PMID: 28615062 PMCID: PMC5471668 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids are the main colouring substances found in orange-fleshed loquat fruits. The aim of this study was to unravel the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway of loquat fruit (cv. 'Obusa') in peel and flesh tissue during distinct on-tree developmental stages through a targeted analytical and molecular approach. RESULTS Substantial changes regarding colour parameters, both between peel and flesh and among the different developmental stages, were monitored, concomitant with a significant increment in carotenoid content. Key genes and individual compounds that are implicated in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway were further dissected with the employment of molecular (RT-qPCR) and advanced analytical techniques (LC-MS). Results revealed significant differences in carotenoid composition between peel and flesh. Thirty-two carotenoids were found in the peel, while only eighteen carotenoids were identified in the flesh. Trans-lutein and trans-β-carotene were the major carotenoids in the peel; the content of the former decreased with the progress of ripening, while the latter registered a 7.2-fold increase. However, carotenoid profiling of loquat flesh indicated trans-β-cryptoxanthin, followed by trans-β-carotene and 5,8-epoxy-β-carotene to be the most predominant carotenoids. High amounts of trans-β-carotene in both tissues were supported by significant induction in a chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase (CYCB) transcript levels. PSY1, ZDS, CYCB and BCH were up-regulated and CRTISO, LCYE, ECH and VDE were down-regulated in most of the developmental stages compared with the immature stage in both peel and flesh tissue. Overall, differential regulation of expression levels with the progress of on-tree fruit development was more evident in the middle and downstream genes of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. CONCLUSIONS Carotenoid composition is greatly affected during on-tree loquat development with striking differences between peel and flesh tissue. A link between gene up- or down-regulation during the developmental stages of the loquat fruit, and how their expression affects carotenoid content per tissue (peel or flesh) was established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Hadjipieri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Egli C. Georgiadou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Alicia Marin
- Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Huertas M. Diaz-Mula
- Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vlasios Goulas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | | | - George A. Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oh S, Tsukamoto C, Kim K, Choi M. Investigation of glucosinolates, and the antioxidant activity of Dolsan leaf mustard kimchi extract using HPLC and LC-PDA-MS/MS. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- SunKyung Oh
- Department of Biomedical and Electronic Engineering; Chonnam National University; Yeosu 550-749 Korea
| | - Chigen Tsukamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Iwate University; Morioka 020-8550 Japan
| | - KiWoong Kim
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science; Chonnam National University; Yeosu 550-749 Korea
| | - MyeongRak Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Electronic Engineering; Chonnam National University; Yeosu 550-749 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Biological Activities of Extracts from Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.): A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121983. [PMID: 27929430 PMCID: PMC5187783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a subtropical fruit tree with high medicinal value native to China. Different organs of loquat have been used historically as folk medicines and this has been recorded in Chinese history for thousands of years. Research shows that loquat extracts contain many antioxidants, and different extracts exhibit bioactivity capable of counteracting inflammation, diabetes, cancer, bacterial infection, aging, pain, allergy and other health issues. Bioactive compounds such as phenolics and terpenoids have been isolated and characterized to provide a better understanding of the chemical mechanisms underlying the biological activities of loquat extracts. As the identification of compounds progresses, studies investigating the in vivo metabolism, bioavailability, and structure–activity relationships, as well as potential toxicity of loquat extracts in animal or cell models are receiving more attention. In addition, genetic studies and breeding of loquat germplasms for high contents of health-benefiting compounds may provide new insight for the loquat industry and research. This review is focused on the main medicinal properties reported and the possible pharmaceutically active compounds identified in different loquat extracts.
Collapse
|
23
|
Gao J, Zhang J, Qu Z, Zhou H, Tong Y, Liu D, Yang H, Gao W. Study on the mechanisms of the bronchodilator effects of Folium Eriobotryae and the selected active ingredient on isolated guinea pig tracheal strips. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2742-2752. [PMID: 27251608 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1183134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Folium Eriobotryae (FE), the dry leaf of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae), has been widely used to treat respiratory disorders. OBJECTIVE To examine the bronchodilatory activity of FE and the potential mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of ethyl acetate fraction of FE (EFE) (0.05-0.3 mg/mL) on the isolated tracheal strips, and ursolic acid (UA) (5-30 μg/mL) that was the main constituent of EFE, were tested in vitro. Meanwhile, acetylcholine (Ach) and histamine (His)-induced bronchospasm were conducted in vivo in guinea pig. Furthermore, mechanisms of relaxant effects of EFE and UA were evaluated in the absence and presence of specific inhibitors. RESULTS With in vitro studies, the contractile response evoked by Ach or His (EC50 = 0.21 and 0.16 mg/mL) was decreased by EFE, and UA caused a concentration-dependent relaxation precontracted by His (EC50 = 23.2 μg/mL). With in vivo studies, EFE strongly prolonged preconvulsive time similar to isoprenalin. The bronchodilator effects of EFE could be blocked by propranolol (1 μM), NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (100 μM) and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ) (1 μM). EFE also inhibited the contraction in Ca2+-free medium and produced rightward parallel displacement of CaCl2 curves. In addition, the relaxant effects of UA could only be blocked by l-NAME and ODQ. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that bronchodilator activities of EFE were related to activation of β-adrenoceptor and NO/cGMP pathway. Blockage of Ca2+ channels and inhibition of IP3R-mediated internal Ca2+ release were also involved. Additionally, UA produced relaxant effects by the NO/cGMP pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- b Department of Pharmacy , Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhuo Qu
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
| | - Hong Zhou
- c Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory , Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Corporation Ltd , Tianjin , China
| | - Yongling Tong
- c Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory , Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Corporation Ltd , Tianjin , China
| | - Dan Liu
- c Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory , Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Corporation Ltd , Tianjin , China
| | - Honggai Yang
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gentile C, Reig C, Corona O, Todaro A, Mazzaglia A, Perrone A, Gianguzzi G, Agusti M, Farina V. Pomological Traits, Sensory Profile and Nutraceutical Properties of Nine Cultivars of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Fruits Grown in Mediterranean Area. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:330-338. [PMID: 27392960 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper the diversity of fruit quality within nine loquat cultivars, including five international affirmed cultivars (Algerie, Golden Nugget, Peluche, Bueno, El Buenet) and four local cultivars (Sanfilippara, Nespolone di Trabia, BRT20 and Claudia), were investigated in order to discriminate the variation in pomological characteristics, sensory profile, and antioxidant properties. Finally, to evaluate potential bioactivity, antiproliferative activity of hydrophilic extracts from loquat fruits was assessed, at dietary relevant concentrations, against three human epithelial cell lines. Even though the international cultivars confirmed an appropriate level of commercial qualities in association to high levels in antioxidant compounds, the local cultivars revealed the best performances in a wide range of chemical-physical and sensory characteristics. Concerning bioactivity, our results indicate that hydrophilic extracts from all tested cultivars showed concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity with a significant variability of effects between different cell lines and between different cultivars. HeLa cells, the most sensitive and hydrophilic extracts from Peluche, showed the highest inhibitory effect followed by Nespolone di Trabia and Claudia. The results of this trial provide useful information on the pomological traits and the not yet known specific nutritional and functional properties of loquat fruits. Our data, besides helping to promote specific local cultivars, could serve to establish a database that will permit to improve the utilization of specific genetic resources in breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gentile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Reig
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterraneo, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - O Corona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - A Todaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Mazzaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - A Perrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Gianguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Agusti
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterraneo, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Farina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mlyuka E, Zhang S, Wang L, Zheng Z, Chen J. Characteristics of Subcritical Water Extraction and Kinetics of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Dry Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Leaves. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2016-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTTs) were extracted from loquat leaves by subcritical water extraction (SWE) technique in a dynamic mode. The results revealed that PTTs yield increased up to 5.38±0.12 mg/g with the increasing temperature at 180 °C for corosolic acid (CA) and up to 7.20±0.11 mg/g at 200 °C for ursolic acid (UA) within experimental times. The optimum flow rates to obtain concentrated CA and UA extracts were found to be 33.33 and 41.67 mL/min, respectively. Furthermore, extraction temperatures strongly influenced the extraction rate as demonstrated by the rate constant of each temperature tested. Moreover, the kinetic rate constant decreased as the function of temperature indicating the yield of both CA and UA were significantly influenced by subcritical temperatures and extraction times.
Collapse
|
26
|
CURI PN, NOGUEIRA PV, ALMEIDA ABD, CARVALHO CDS, PIO R, PASQUAL M, SOUZA VRD. Processing potential of jellies from subtropical loquat cultivars. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.07216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
27
|
Delfanian M, Esmaeilzadeh Kenari R, Sahari MA. Oxidative Stability of Refined Soybean Oil Enriched with Loquat Fruit ( E
riobotrya japonica
Lindl.) Skin and Pulp Extracts. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Delfanian
- Graduated from Faculty of Food Science and Technology; Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources; Gorgan Iran
| | - Reza Esmaeilzadeh Kenari
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University; Sari Mazandaran Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahari
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Delfanian M, Kenari RE, Sahari MA. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica lindl.) skin and the feasibility of their application to improve the oxidative stability of soybean oil. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:2244-52. [PMID: 27407190 PMCID: PMC4921074 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ultrasound-assisted, supercritical CO2 and solvent extraction techniques on antioxidant activity of loqua (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) skin extract in oxidation stability of soybean oil was evaluated. The antioxidant efficacy of extracts was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(•)) radical scavenging capacity, β-carotene/linoleic acid, and Rancimat test system. Results showed that solvent extract of loquat fruit skin at 400 ppm had the highest antioxidant activity compared to ultrasound-assisted and supercritical CO2 extracts. Further, solvent extraction was the most effective method for extraction of phenolic compounds. Protective effects of extracts in stabilization of soybean oil during both frying and storage conditions were tested and compared to tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) by measuring their peroxide value, free fatty acids, conjugated dienes and trienes value. During frying process solvent extract of skin at 400 ppm (SOEA) exhibited stronger antioxidant activity in oil compared to other oil samples, but this antioxidant potential was lower than TBHQ in storage conditions. Present study showed that loquat fruit skin is a good source of natural antioxidant compounds, and has the potential to be used as a substitute for synthetic antioxidants in vegetable oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Delfanian
- />Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Reza Esmaeilzadeh Kenari
- />Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Sari, Mazandaran Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahari
- />Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Llorent-Martínez EJ, Ortega-Barrales P, Zengin G, Uysal S, Ceylan R, Guler GO, Mocan A, Aktumsek A. Lathyrus aureus and Lathyrus pratensis: characterization of phytochemical profiles by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and evaluation of their enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study suggest that Lathyrus species may be further used in phytopharmaceuticals or food industry applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Llorent-Martínez
- University of Castilla-La Mancha
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA)
- Ciudad Real 13071
- Spain
| | - P. Ortega-Barrales
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Jaén
- E-23071 Jaén
- Spain
| | - G. Zengin
- Selcuk University
- Science Faculty
- Department of Biology
- Konya
- Turkey
| | - S. Uysal
- Selcuk University
- Science Faculty
- Department of Biology
- Konya
- Turkey
| | - R. Ceylan
- Selcuk University
- Science Faculty
- Department of Biology
- Konya
- Turkey
| | - G. O. Guler
- Necmettin Erbakan University
- Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty
- Department of Biological Education
- Konya
- Turkey
| | - A. Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - A. Aktumsek
- Selcuk University
- Science Faculty
- Department of Biology
- Konya
- Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Impact of dehydration of purslane on retention of bioactive molecules and antioxidant activity. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:6631-8. [PMID: 26396410 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) has several health benefits, such as it reduces risk of CVD, obesity and diabetes. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of different drying on retention of bioactive molecules, such as omega-3 fatty acids, total phenolic content and antiradical activity of purslane. Five different dehydration methods including microwave (100 MW, 5 min), tray, vacuum, low temperature low humidity, infrared were used at 55-60 °C for 5-7 h for dehydration of purslane. Three solvents, viz. water, ethanol and methanol were used for extraction of bioactive molecules from purslane. Total polyphenol content, antiradical activity and rehydration ratio of the bioactive molecules were determined. Results revealed that total PUFA, α-linolenic acid (ALA), total polyphenol content and antiradical activity were found to retain in the dried purslane in the range of (47.9-59.9 %), (42.5-50 %), (188-408GAE/100 g) and (33.0-88.8 mg/100 g) respectively. The highest values of ALA, total polyphenol content and antiradical activity were found to obtain in the vacuum dried sample. Rehydration ratio was found in the range of 3.2-4.3 and vacuum dried purslane showed maximum rehydration. It could be concluded that vacuum dehydration of purslane is an effective method for retention of bioactive molecules and good rehydration behaviour of dried purslane.
Collapse
|
31
|
Contributions of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to growth and physiology of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) plants subjected to drought stress. Mycol Prog 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-015-1108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
32
|
Delfanian M, Esmaeilzadeh Kenari R, Sahari MA. Effect of Natural Extracted Antioxidants fromEriobotrya japonica(Lindl.) Fruit Skin on Thermo Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil During Deep Frying. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1041039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
33
|
Delfanian M, Esmaeilzadeh Kenari R, Sahari MA. Influence of extraction techniques on antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) skin and pulp extracts. Food Sci Nutr 2015; 3:179-87. [PMID: 25987992 PMCID: PMC4431785 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the bioactive compounds of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) skin and pulp extracted by two extraction methods (solvent and ultrasound-assisted) with three solvents (ethanol, water and ethanol-water) were compared to supercritical fluid extraction. The antioxidant activities of skin and pulp extracts were evaluated and compared to tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙) radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, and the Rancimat assays. In DPPH assay solvent extracts of skin by ethanol (SSE) and ethanol-water (SSEW) showed strong inhibitory activity. The SSEW also showed the highest inhibition percentage of 85.58% by the β-carotene bleaching assay and longest induction time of 4.78 h by the Rancimat method. The large amount of tocopherols and phenolics contained in the skin extract may cause its strong antioxidant ability. The results indicated that the solvent extraction with ethanol-water produced the maximum extraction yield of phenolic and tocopherol compounds from loquat fruit skin and pulp. Furthermore, solvent extraction was the most effective in antioxidant activity of the extracts compared to other extraction techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Delfanian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources UniversitySari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Reza Esmaeilzadeh Kenari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources UniversitySari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares UniversityTehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Delfanian M, Kenari RE, Sahari MA. Antioxidant Activity of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonicaLindl.) Fruit Peel and Pulp Extracts in Stabilization of Soybean Oil During Storage Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1013635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
35
|
Phenolic composition from different loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivars grown in China and their antioxidant properties. Molecules 2015; 20:542-55. [PMID: 25569513 PMCID: PMC6272332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
China is one of the most important centers of diversity for Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. in the world. In this study, seven loquat cultivars grown in China were evaluated for their phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Eleven phenolic compounds, i.e., 3-p-coumaroylquinincacid (3-p-CoQA), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), 4-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA), 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), 5-feruloylquinic acid (5-FQA), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Q-3-Gal), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q-3-Glu), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Q-3-Rha), kaempferol-3-O-galactoside (K-3-Gal), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (K-3-Rha), and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (K-3-Glu) were identified and quantified in the peel and pulp of the cultivars tested. 3-CQA and 5-CQA were the predominant components in both fruit parts. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used for the antioxidant evaluation. Results showed that peel extracts had higher antioxidant activities than their pulp counterparts in all the cultivars tested, which was correlated with their higher total phenolic contents. The antioxidant potency composite (APC) index showed obvious variations ranging from 64.15 to 100 in the peel and from 59.49 to 97.95 in the pulp of different cultivars, where "Dahongpao" (DHP) and "Luoyangqing" (LYQ) had the highest APC index in the peel and pulp, respectively. Overall, loquat cultivars rich in hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) such as 3-p-CoQA, 5-CQA, 4-CQA, 3-CQA and 5-FQA showed relatively higher antioxidant activities, and may be excellent sources of phytochemicals and natural antioxidants.
Collapse
|
36
|
Delfanian M, Esmaeilzadeh Kenari R, Sahari MA. Antioxidative effect of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit skin extract in soybean oil. Food Sci Nutr 2015; 3:74-80. [PMID: 25648044 PMCID: PMC4304565 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of solvent and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods with supercritical fluid extraction on antioxidant activity of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit skin extract in stability of soybean oil at 25°C. Oxidative stability alterations of soybean oils containing 400 (SEA) and 1000 ppm (SEB) of ethanol extract, 400 (SSA) and 1000 ppm (SSB) of supercritical CO2 extract, 400 (SUA) and 1000 ppm (SUB) of ultrasound-assisted extract, and 100 ppm of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) were monitored by measuring the peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, free fatty acids, conjugated dienes and trienes values. Oxidative changes in SEA were lower than that of oils treated with other extracts, but the best protection was observed in soybean oil consisting TBHQ. The solvent extraction method produces the maximum amount of phenolic and tocopherol compounds from loquat fruit skin. Therefore, solvent extraction method had a better effect on antioxidant activity of the loquat fruit skin extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Delfanian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources UniversitySari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Reza Esmaeilzadeh Kenari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources UniversitySari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares UniversityTehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xu HX, Li XY, Chen JW. Comparison of phenolic compound contents and antioxidant capacities of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruits. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
38
|
Ríos JJ, Roca M, Pérez-Gálvez A. Nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites in loquat fruits (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10576-84. [PMID: 25293494 DOI: 10.1021/jf503619s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs) and nonfluorescent dioxobilane chlorophyll catabolites (NDCCs) are the terminal compounds of the chlorophyll degradation pathway that may display beneficial properties to human health related to their antioxidant properties, which were recently shown. A profile of NCCs/NDCC of the loquat fruit Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. is described. From the 13 known different NCC structures described to date, three have been identified in loquats. Two new structures not defined so far were characterized in loquat fruits: Ej-NCC2, which corresponds to the methyl ester at C13(2) of Bn-NCC1 and in very low amount Ej-NDCC1, the only NDCC found in loquats. Keto-enol tautomerism at the C13(1) position in NCCs is described for the first time as a regular process in chlorophyll catabolism, probably through a nonspecific mechanism since almost all the chlorophyll catabolites structures detected in fruits of loquat present keto and enol tautomers. The results obtained have been possible through a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion trap and quadropole time-of-flight mass spectrometry fitted with a powerful postprocessing software.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Julián Ríos
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Avda. Padre García Tejero, 4, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zar PPK, Yano S, Sakao K, Hashimoto F, Nakano T, Fujii M, Hou DX. In vitro anticancer activity of loquat tea by inducing apoptosis in human leukemia cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1731-7. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.936352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fresh loquat leaves have been used as folk health herb in Asian countries for long time, although the evidence supporting their functions is still minimal. This study aimed to clarify the chemopreventive effect of loquat tea extract (LTE) by investigating the inhibition on proliferation, and underlying mechanisms in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). LTE inhibited proliferation of HL-60 in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular data showed that the isolated fraction of LTE induced apoptosis of HL-60 as characterized by DNA fragmentation; activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9; and inactivation of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase. Moreover, LTE fraction increased the ratio of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)/anti-apoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) that caused mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cytochrome c released to cytosol. Thus, our data indicate that LTE might induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells through a mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. These findings enhance our understanding for chemopreventive function of loquat tea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phyu Phyu Khine Zar
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kozue Sakao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fumio Hashimoto
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakano
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Kagoshima Jun-Shin Women’s University, Satsuma-Sendai, Japan
| | | | - De-Xing Hou
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jung JE, Cho EJ. Protective Effects of Zizyphus jujuba and Fermented Zizyphus jujuba from Free Radicals and Hair Loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.8.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
41
|
Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars under different storage regimes. Food Chem 2014; 155:227-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
42
|
Santos-San N, Flores-Par A, Valadez-Bl R, Fernandez- B, Martinez-V J, Salas-Coro R. Polyphenolic Content, Free Radical-scavenging Activity and Isolation of Tiliroside from Heliocarpus terebinthinaceus (Tiliaceae) Seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2014.376.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
43
|
Pareek S, Benkeblia N, Janick J, Cao S, Yahia EM. Postharvest physiology and technology of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1495-1504. [PMID: 24395491 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a subtropical evergreen tree whose fruit is consumed both fresh and processed. Loquat fruit is a good source of minerals and carotenoids, while the kernel is rich in protein and carbohydrates. It has been considered a non-climacteric fruit, but there is evidence that some cultivars have a ripening pattern similar to that of climacteric fruits. The fruit has a short postharvest life at ambient temperatures and is susceptible to physical and mechanical damage, loss of moisture and nutrients, and decay. Low-temperature storage extends the shelf life of loquat fruit, but some cultivars are severely affected by chilling injury and flesh browning during cold storage. Purple spot, browning and leatheriness are major postharvest disorders. The shelf life of loquat can be extended by modified or controlled atmosphere storage as well as by postharvest treatment with 1-methyl cyclopropene or methyl jasmonate.
Collapse
|
44
|
Esmaeili AH, Khavari-Nejad RA, Hajizadeh Moghaddam A, Chaichi MJ, Ebrahimzadeh MA. Effects of Eriobotrya japonica (Lindl.) flower extracts on mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
45
|
Determination of polyphenol components of Lonicera japonica Thunb. using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Contribution to the overall antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
46
|
Pahua-Ramos ME, Ortiz-Moreno A, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Hernández-Navarro MD, Garduño-Siciliano L, Necoechea-Mondragón H, Hernández-Ortega M. Hypolipidemic effect of avocado (Persea americana Mill) seed in a hypercholesterolemic mouse model. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 67:10-16. [PMID: 22383066 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Avocado seed contains elevated levels of phenolic compounds and exhibits antioxidant properties. We investigated the effect of Avocado Seed Flour (ASF) on the lipid levels in mice on a hyperlipidemic diet. The concentration of phenols was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, antioxidant activity was evaluated using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity method, and dietary fiber was measured using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method. The LD50 of ASF was determined using Lorke's method and hypolipidemic activity was evaluated in a hypercholesterolemic model in mice. Protocatechuic acid was the main phenolic compound found in ASF, followed by kaempferide and vanillic acid. The total phenolic content in the methanolic extract of ASF was 292.00 ± 9.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/g seed dry weight and the antioxidant activity resulted in 173.3 μmol Trolox equivalents/g DW. In addition, a high content of dietary fiber was found (34.8%). The oral LD50 for ASF was 1767 mg/kg body weight, and treatment with ASF significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and prediction of the atherogenic index. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber in ASF may be responsible for the hypocholesterolemic activity of ASF in a hyperlipidemic model of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Pahua-Ramos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Prol. Carpio s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, México, DF Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhou C, Sun C, Chen K, Li X. Flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity in the flower of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:2935-45. [PMID: 21686159 PMCID: PMC3116165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12052935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and phenolics are abundant in loquat flowers. Methanol had the highest extraction efficiency among five solvents, followed by ethanol. Considering the safety and residue, ethanol is better as extraction solvent. The average content of flavonoids and phenolics of loquat flower of five cultivars were 1.59 ± 0.24 and 7.86 ± 0.87 mg/g DW, respectively, when using ethanol as extraction solvent. The contents of both bioactive components in flowers at different developmental stages and in the various flower tissues clearly differed, with the highest flavonoids and phenolics content in flowers of stage 3 (flower fully open) and petal, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was measured using FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS methods. The values of ABTS method was highest, followed by DPPH, the lowest was FRAP, when using vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) as unit. Correlation analysis showed that the ABTS method showed the highest correlation coefficients with flavonoids and phenolics, i.e., 0.886 and 0.973, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; E-Mail:
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (C.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (C.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (C.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (C.S.); (K.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-571-88982630; Fax: +86-571-88982630
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Han EK, Jung EJ, Lee JY, Jin YX, Chung CK. Antioxidative Activity of Ethanol Extracts from Different Parts of Taraxacum officinale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.1.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
49
|
Garcia-Salas P, Morales-Soto A, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Phenolic-compound-extraction systems for fruit and vegetable samples. Molecules 2010; 15:8813-26. [PMID: 21131901 PMCID: PMC6259353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15128813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the phenolic-compound-extraction systems used to analyse fruit and vegetable samples over the last 10 years. Phenolic compounds are naturally occurring antioxidants, usually found in fruits and vegetables. Sample preparation for analytical studies is necessary to determine the polyphenolic composition in these matrices. The most widely used extraction system is liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), which is an inexpensive method since it involves the use of organic solvents, but it requires long extraction times, giving rise to possible extract degradation. Likewise, solid-phase extraction (SPE) can be used in liquid samples. Modern techniques, which have been replacing conventional ones, include: supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). These alternative techniques reduce considerably the use of solvents and accelerate the extraction process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garcia-Salas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre, Health Science Technological Park, E-18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Morales-Soto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre, Health Science Technological Park, E-18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre, Health Science Technological Park, E-18100 Granada, Spain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-958-243-296; Fax: +34-958-249-510
| | - Alberto Fernández-Gutiérrez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre, Health Science Technological Park, E-18100 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pande G, Akoh CC. Organic acids, antioxidant capacity, phenolic content and lipid characterisation of Georgia-grown underutilized fruit crops. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|