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Abdollahi-Najafabadi M, Farhadian S, Shareghi B, Asgharzadeh S. The investigation of the interaction determination between carbendazim and elastase, using both in vitro and in silico methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124586. [PMID: 38833886 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides, including fungicides, are one of the important groups of environmental toxins that affect human and animal health. Studies have shown that these compounds are considered chemical pollutants. Carbendazim is a systemic fungicide. Unfortunately, excessive use of carbendazim has caused environmental pollution all over the world. In this study, the effect of carbendazim on the enzyme elastase (secreted from the endocrine gland of the pancreas) has been investigated. In a study, the performance and reaction of carbendazim with elastase were investigated using spectroscopic techniques. The stability and structure of elastase enzymes were studied under the influence of carbendazim. The results of fluorescence emission and UV-visible absorption spectrum showed that in the presence of carbendazim, there is an increase in UV-Vis absorption and a decrease in the intensity of the intrinsic fluorescence emission in the protein spectrum. Additionally, a decrease in the thermal stability of elastase was observed in the presence of carbendazim. The stability and structure of elastase enzyme were investigated in the presence of carbendazim. The results revealed that the UV-Vis absorption increased due to the presence of carbendazim, as indicated by the hyperchromic spectrum at 220 and 280 nm peaks. Additionally, the intrinsic fluorescence emission in the protein spectrum decreased with increasing carbendazim concentration at three different temperatures (298, 303, and 313 K). Moreover, the study demonstrated that the TM decreased from 2.59 to 4.58 with the increase of carbendazim, suggesting a decrease in the stability of the elastase structure in response to the elevated carbendazim concentration. According to the results of the research, the interaction between elastase and carbendazim has occurred, and changes have been made in the enzyme under the influence of carbendazim. The formation of the complex between elastase and carbendazim was consistent with the results obtained from molecular simulation and confirmed the thermodynamic data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadegh Farhadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box 115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Behzad Shareghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box 115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sanaz Asgharzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box 115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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2
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Phirisi N, Płotka-Wasylka J, Bunkoed O. A magnetic imprinted polymer nano-adsorbent with embedded quantum dots and mesoporous carbon for the microextraction of triazine herbicides. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1726:464977. [PMID: 38735117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) adsorbent incorporating amino-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles, nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and mesoporous carbon (MIP@MPC@N-GQDs@Fe3O4NH2) was fabricated to extract triazine herbicides from fruit juice. The embedded magnetite nanoparticles simplified the isolation of the adsorbent from the sample solution. The N-GQDs and MPC enhanced adsorption by affinity binding with triazines. The MIP layer provided highly specific recognition sites for the selective adsorption of three target triazines. The extracted triazines were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode-array detection (DAD). The developed method exhibited linearity from 1.5 to 100.0 µg L-1 with a detection limit of 0.5 µg L-1. Recoveries from spiked fruit juice samples were in the range of 80.1- 108.4 %, with a relative standard deviation of less than 6.0 %. The developed MMIP adsorbent demonstrated good selectivity, high extraction efficiency, ease of fabrication and use, and good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhasima Phirisi
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Opas Bunkoed
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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3
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Sahyoun W, Net S, López-Maldonado EA, Baroudi M, Ouddane B. Occurrence and health risk estimate of organochlorine pesticides in fruits and vegetables matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33823-8. [PMID: 38833048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Occurrence of 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 60 organic and non-organic fruits and vegetables matrices was undertaken using QuEChERS Method EN 15662 for sample preparation analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The procedural method was validated by spiking the OCP standard solutions at three fortified levels at 10, 50, and 100 µg/kg wet weight (ww) to the real matrix of fruit and vegetable with good recovery ranging from 75 to 108% with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 11%, and the limits of detection and quantification (LODs and LOQs) were 0.002-0.02 μg/kg and 0.004-0.1 μg/kg ww, respectively. The assessment of health risks associated with pesticide residues through consumption of vegetables and fruits and the effect of washing and peeling on concentration of various pesticides were also studied. The results showed that the concentration levels of 60% of samples were lower than the LOQs, while the rest was contaminated by OCP residues. Organic fruits and vegetables showed the absence of OCPs, while several of the studied compounds were detected from conventional agriculture. Skin removal (peeling) was the most effective strategy to eliminate or decrease pesticide residues, and should be one of the solutions to reduce the health impact of pesticides in fruits and vegetables. The analysis of health risk assessment was based on the use of the estimated average daily intake (EDI), hazard index (HI), and hazard ratio (HR) for individuals in two weight categories: children (weighing 16.7 kg) and adults (weighing 60 kg). The HI values were less than 1 suggesting that there was no probable non-carcinogenic health effect, except for heptachlor for children (HI of 1.285). However, the values of HR revealed that children were more susceptible to the carcinogenic health effect associated with consuming contaminated vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Sahyoun
- CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie Pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité Et L'Environnement, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Faculté de Santé Publique Section III, Laboratoire Des Sciences de L'Eau Et de L'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sopheak Net
- CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie Pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité Et L'Environnement, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.
| | | | - Moomen Baroudi
- Faculté de Santé Publique Section III, Laboratoire Des Sciences de L'Eau Et de L'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie Pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité Et L'Environnement, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
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4
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Sinčić Modrić G, Marinić J, Karleuša R, Dubrović I, Kosobucki P, Broznić D. Those That Remain Caught in the "Organic Matter Trap": Sorption/Desorption Study for Levelling the Fate of Selected Neonicotinoids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5700. [PMID: 38891887 PMCID: PMC11172031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
With projections suggesting an increase in the global use of neonicotinoids, contemporary farmers can get caught on the "pesticide treadmill", thus creating ecosystem side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the sorption/desorption behavior of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and thiacloprid that controls their availability to other fate-determining processes and thus could be useful in leveling the risk these insecticides or their structural analogues pose to the environment, animals, and human health. Sorption/desorption isotherms in four soils with different organic matter (OC) content were modelled by nonlinear equilibrium models: Freundlich's, Langmuir's, and Temkin's. Sorption/desorption parameters obtained by Freundlich's model were correlated to soil physico-chemical characteristics. Even though the OC content had the dominant role in the sorption of the three insecticides, the role of its nature as well as the chemical structure of neonicotinoids cannot be discarded. Insecticides sorbed in the glassy OC phase will be poorly available unlike those in the rubbery regions. Imidacloprid will fill the sorption sites equally in the rubbery and glassy phases irrespective of its concentration. The sorption of thiacloprid at low concentrations and acetamiprid at high concentrations is controlled by hydrophilic aromatic structures, "trapping" the insecticides in the pores of the glassy phase of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Sinčić Modrić
- Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (G.S.M.); (I.D.)
| | - Jelena Marinić
- Department for Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (J.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Romano Karleuša
- Department for Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (J.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Igor Dubrović
- Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (G.S.M.); (I.D.)
| | - Przemysław Kosobucki
- Department of Food Analysis and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Bydgoszcz, 3 Seminaryjna Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dalibor Broznić
- Department for Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (J.M.); (R.K.)
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5
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Malhat F, Mahmoud M, Barakat DA, Ibrahim ED, Elgammal H, Hussien M, Saber AN. Dissipation behavior, residue distribution, and exposure risk assessment of tebufenpyrad and milbemectin acaricides in strawberries under open field conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:35194-35205. [PMID: 38724845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Strawberries are a favorite fruit for most people, but the residues of pesticides on strawberries might be risky to human health. Tebufenpyrad and milbemectin are broad-spectrum acaricides with insecticide properties authorized for use on strawberries in Egypt. As a result, it is crucial to investigate their residues in the final product to ensure customers' safety. Consequently, field trials were conducted following the Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) to study the dissipation rate and terminal residues of tebufenpyrad and milbemectin on strawberries. Tebufenpyrad and milbemectin residues in strawberries declined due to first-order decay process, showing significant degradation (88.5% and 94.7%, respectively) after 14 days. Risk assessment study was carried out by comparing the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) to the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The results demonstrated that the dietary risk posed by the residues of tebufenpyrad and milbemectin in strawberry fruits was acceptable for consumers. It is envisaged that the current study's findings would support the safe application of tebufenpyrad and milbemectin to strawberries and perhaps other crops in Egypt and other countries with similar climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farag Malhat
- Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Mahmoud
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Barakat
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - El-Desoky Ibrahim
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Hassan Elgammal
- Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, 12311, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pesticide Formulation, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman N Saber
- Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
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Peng B, Xie Y, Lai Q, Liu W, Ye X, Yin L, Zhang W, Xiong S, Wang H, Chen H. Pesticide residue detection technology for herbal medicine: current status, challenges, and prospects. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:581-597. [PMID: 38367162 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The domains of cancer therapy, disease prevention, and health care greatly benefit from the use of herbal medicine. Herbal medicine has become the mainstay of developing characteristic agriculture in the planting area increasing year by year. One of the most significant factors in affecting the quality of herbal medicines is the pesticide residue problem caused by pesticide abuse during the cultivation of herbal medicines. It is urgent to solve the problem of detecting pesticide residues in herbal medicines efficiently and rapidly. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the various methods used for pesticide residue testing, including optical detection, the enzyme inhibition rate method, molecular detection methods, enzyme immunoassays, lateral immunochromatographic, nanoparticle-based detection methods, colorimetric immunosensor, chemiluminescence immunosensor, smartphone-based immunosensor, etc. On this basis, we systematically analyze the mechanisms and some of the findings of the above detection strategies and discuss the challenges and prospects associated with the development of pesticide residue detection tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Peng
- Guangzhou Huashang Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yueliang Xie
- Guangdong Agriculture Industry Business Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qingfu Lai
- Guangzhou Huashang Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Guangdong Agriculture Industry Business Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xuelan Ye
- Guangzhou Huashang Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Li Yin
- Guangzhou Huashang Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wanxin Zhang
- Guangzhou Huashang Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Suqin Xiong
- Guangzhou Huashang Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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7
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Si W, Huo K, Wu N, Yang H, Liu H, Jin X, Chen L, Huang Z, Wang S, Bai B. HRMS analysis of pesticides in vegetables from Shanghai and risk assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024; 17:35-45. [PMID: 38087650 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2280967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
A rapid analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 550 pesticide residues in vegetable samples was developed based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem Q/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/Orbitrap-HRMS). To investigate the risk of exposure to pesticide residues through vegetable consumption, 704 leafy vegetable samples from Shanghai were analysed for multiple residues using this method. A total of 54 pesticide residues were identified in these vegetable samples and 302 samples contained one or more pesticide residue. The levels of the detected pesticides did not pose a health risk in the long term and were acceptable according to the results of the chronic dietary risk assessment. Risk rankings displayed that most of the pesticides were low to medium risk. The findings of this study provide a reference for future pesticide monitoring programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Si
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixuan Huo
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofen Jin
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Huang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouying Wang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Soman S, Christiansen A, Florinski R, Bharat G, Steindal EH, Nizzetto L, Chakraborty P. An updated status of currently used pesticides in India: Human dietary exposure from an Indian food basket. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117543. [PMID: 38008203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently used pesticides (CUPs) were introduced to have lower persistence and bioaccumulation, and lesser bioavailability towards non-target species. Nevertheless, CUPs still represent a concern for both human health and the environment. India is an important agricultural country experiencing a conversion from the use of obsolete organochlorine pesticides to a newer generation of phytosanitary products. As for other developing countries, very little is known about the transfer of CUPs to the human diet in India, where systematic monitoring is not in place. In this study, we analyzed ninety four CUPs and detected thirty CUPs in several food products belonging to five types: cereals and pulses, vegetables, fruits, animal-based foods, and water. Samples were taken from markets in Delhi (aggregating food produced all over India) and in the periurban area of Dehradun (northern India) (representing food produced locally and through more traditional practices). Overall, chlorpyrifos and chlorpropham were the most detected CUPs with a detection frequency of 33% and 25%, respectively. Except for vegetables and fruits, the levels of CUPs in all other food types were significantly higher in samples from Delhi (p < 0.05). Exposure dosage of CUPs through different food matrices was calculated, and chlorpropham detected in potatoes had the maximum exposure dosage to humans (2.46 × 10-6 mg/kg/day). Risk analysis based on the hazard quotient technique indicated that chlorpyrifos in rice (2.76 × 10-2) can be a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhi Soman
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India; Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability and Climate Change, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | | | - Roman Florinski
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Eirik Hovland Steindal
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universitetstunet 3, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579, Oslo, Norway; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability and Climate Change, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India; The Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Lodz, Poland.
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9
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Balkan T, Yağcı A, Kara K. Dissipation behaviors of deltamethrin, emamectin benzoate and hexythiazox in grape under field conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2024; 59:123-129. [PMID: 38287657 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2308487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the dissipation kinetics of deltamethrin, emamectin benzoate, and hexythiazox in grapes. The QuEChERS method was employed and validated for the precise determination of these three pesticides using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Excellent linearity was observed with regression coefficients exceeding 0.998. Notably, the limits of quantification (LOQ) were significantly lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established for grapes by the European Union. The QuEChERS method l recovered 93.23% of the pesticides with an acceptable RSD of 5.35% (n = 180), demonstrating its suitability for quantifying them in grapes. Half-lives of deltamethrin, emamectin benzoate, and hexythiazox in grapes were 2.62-2.68 days, 8.15-7.30 days, and 3.24-4.01 days, respectively, for both single and double doses. Residues of all pesticides fell below the MRLs by the preharvest interval. This suggests that their application can be considered safe for grapes, ensuring both pest control and consumer safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarık Balkan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Türkiye
| | - Adem Yağcı
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Türkiye
| | - Kenan Kara
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Türkiye
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10
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Wang D, Yang G, Yun X, Luo T, Guo H, Pan L, Du W, Wang Y, Wang Q, Wang P, Zhang Q, Li Y, Lin N. Carbendazim residue in plant-based foods in China: Consecutive surveys from 2011 to 2020. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 17:100301. [PMID: 37560751 PMCID: PMC10407663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbendazim, a widely used fungicide in China, has been found to have reproductive toxicity and mutagenic effects. However, information on the spatial-temporal variations of carbendazim residues in food in China is limited. Here, we investigated the presence of carbendazim in China's plant-based foods from 2011 to 2020, evaluated the spatial-temporal characteristics, and assessed the associated exposure risks in the Chinese diet. The results revealed a high detection frequency of carbendazim in fruits (26.4%) and high concentrations in vegetables (∼110 mg kg-1), indicating widespread misuse of the fungicide. The acute risks of consuming certain vegetables and cereals exceeded the recommended limits by up to 12 and 5 times, respectively. Although there has been a decline in carbendazim residue levels in food since the implementation of the Chinese government's action plan for zero growth of pesticide use in 2015, some provinces still exhibited high levels of carbendazim in multiple food categories, which were positively correlated with annual pesticide application. We highlight that carbendazim contamination reflects the broader issue of pesticide use in China. It emphasizes the need for committed and targeted national policies to reduce carbendazim residues in food and suggests that such measures could also regulate the use of other pesticides, given that pesticide abuse in China is not limited to specific types. We call for the re-evaluation of maximum residue limits of carbendazim, particularly in highly consumed foods such as cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Yun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liying Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Du
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science &Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
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11
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Jiao B, Zhao Q, Wang C, Cui Y, He Y, Li J. Determination, Quality, and Health Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Kumquat in China. Foods 2023; 12:3423. [PMID: 37761133 PMCID: PMC10528158 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residues in kumquat fruits from China, and the quality and chronic/acute intake risks in Chinese consumers, were assessed using the QuEChERS procedure and UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods. Our 5-year monitoring and survey showed 90% of the 573 samples of kumquat fruits collected from two main production areas contained one or multiple residual pesticides. Overall, 30 pesticides were detected, including 16 insecticides, 7 fungicides, 5 acaricides, and 2 plant growth modulators, of which 2 pesticides were already banned. Two or more residual pesticides were discovered in 81% of the samples, and pesticide residues in 9.4% of the samples surpassed the MRLs, such as profenofos, bifenthrin, triazophos, avermectin, spirodiclofen, difenoconazole, and methidathion. The major risk factors on the safety of kumquat fruits before 2019 were profenofos, bifenthrin, and triazophos, but their over-standard frequencies significantly declined after 2019, which was credited to the stricter supervision and management policies by local governments. Despite the high detection rates and multi-residue occurrence of pesticides in kumquat fruits, about 81% of the samples were assessed as qualified. Moreover, the accumulative chronic diet risk determined from ADI is very low. To better protect the health of customers, we shall formulate stricter organic phosphorus pesticide control measures and stricter use guidelines, especially for methidathion, triazophos, chlorpyrifos, and profenofos. This study provides potential data for the design of kumquat fruit quality and safety control guidelines and for the reduction in health risks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohai Zhang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Zhixia Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Bining Jiao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Qiyang Zhao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Chengqiu Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Yongliang Cui
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Yue He
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Jing Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
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12
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Luo X, Zeng X, Wei D, Ma C, Li J, Guo X, Cheng L, Mao Z. Pesticide residues in common fruits and vegetables in Henan Province, China. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2023; 16:244-252. [PMID: 37287103 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2214797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study 3307 samples of 24 vegetables and fruits from 18 regions of Henan Province, China, were collected in 2021 with the aim of assessing the levels of pesticide residues and analysing the differences between different sources in Henan Province. Thirteen kinds of pesticides were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and detection rates were compared by the chi-square test. In all samples, except ginger, pimento, edible fungi and yam, pesticide residues were detected. The detection rates of difenoconazole, acetamiprid, carbendazim, procymidone, emamectin benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and dimethomorph in supermarkets and traditional farmers' markets were different. The difenoconazole group and the dimethomorph group were both statistically different (P < 0.05). This study showed common vegetables and fruits to contain pesticide residues in Henan Province and provided a scientific basis for their evaluation. Different sources take different regulatory measures to control pesticide residues to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Cuicui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jiahao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xinghong Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Linghui Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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13
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Gormez E, Golge O, González-Curbelo MÁ, Kabak B. Pesticide Residues in Mandarins: Three-Year Monitoring Results. Molecules 2023; 28:5611. [PMID: 37513481 PMCID: PMC10385200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand of plant production product use has increased because of the current system of citrus production, which prioritizes high agricultural yields. Therefore, the monitoring of pesticide residues in citrus fruits and other agricultural products and their impacts on human health and food security are of great concern. This study aims to determine multi-class pesticides including highly polar residues in satsuma mandarins. A total of 226 mandarin samples were collected over three consecutive harvesting years from 2019 to 2021 in the Izmir region of Turkey. Targeted compounds included pesticides and metabolites with European Union (EU) regulatory levels, plus other non-approved residues and highly polar compounds. The residues excluding highly polar substances were analyzed by applying the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) determination for 434 analytes and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) determination for 71 analytes. For six highly polar pesticides, sample preparation was based on Quick Polar Pesticides (QuPPe) extraction. The polar residues were determined by LC-MS/MS using internal standards. Forty different residues, including two highly polar substances, were recorded in mandarin samples through three harvesting years. In 8.4% of the samples, no quantifiable residues were detected, whereas 207 samples contained at least one residue. The maximum residue level (MRL) exceedances were recorded for 22.1% of the samples. The two most frequently found pesticides were phosphonic acid and spirotetramat, with an incidence rate of 48.7% and 46.5%, respectively. The concentration of phosphonic acid and spirotetramat in mandarin samples varied from 0.026 to 39.386 mg kg-1 and from 0.010 to 1.485 mg kg-1, respectively. The results will enable researchers and regulatory authorities to assess the extent of pesticide presence, identify potential risks, and take necessary measures to ensure the safety of satsuma mandarins for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gormez
- Pia Frucht Food Control Laboratory, Alaşehir 45600, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Golge
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya 07425, Turkey
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Curbelo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad EAN, Calle 79 n° 11-45, Bogotá 110221, Colombia
| | - Bulent Kabak
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hitit University, Corum 19030, Turkey
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Machinery and Manufacturing Technology Application and Research Center, Hitit University, Corum 19030, Turkey
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14
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Seif M, Aati H, Amer M, Ragauskas AJ, Seif A, El-Sappah AH, Aati A, Madboli AENA, Emam M. Mitigation of Hepatotoxicity via Boosting Antioxidants and Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Carbendazim-Treated Rats Using Adiantum Capillus-Veneris L. Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:4720. [PMID: 37375275 PMCID: PMC10300738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to food contaminants continues to be a substantial source of human health risks all over the world, particularly in developing countries. Carbendazim (CBZ) is a chemical fungicide used to control the spread of various fungi and other pathogens in the agriculture and veterinary sectors. The hazardous effects of CBZ on human health occur due to the accumulation of its residues in agricultural food products. In this study, the possible hepatoprotective effects of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (ACVL) extract were evaluated in CBZ-treated rats. A GC-MS analysis revealed that ACVL extract contained several bioactive hydrocarbon components and fatty acids, and that the components exerted hepatic protection by mitigating oxidative stress via upregulating antioxidant agents and neutralizing nitrogen and oxygen free radicals. Moreover, ACVL extracts relieved hepatic inflammation via decreasing NO, NF-κB, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6) in the liver of CBZ-treated rats, both at protein and mRNA levels. In addition, the protective effect of ACVL has appeared in the histopathological figures and function markers in the livers of CBZ-treated rats. According to the present results, ACVL extract can protect the hepatic tissue and restore its functions to a control level in CBZ-treated rats; this effect may be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Seif
- Toxicology and Food Contaminants Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Hanan Aati
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Amer
- Toxicology and Food Contaminants Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA;
| | - Amr Seif
- Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Asyut 71516, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed H. El-Sappah
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Abdulrahman Aati
- Rokn Al-Madaein Pharmaceutical Warehouse Co., P.O. Box 2990, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abd El-Nasser A. Madboli
- Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud Emam
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
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15
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Aslantas S, Golge O, González-Curbelo MÁ, Kabak B. Determination of 355 Pesticides in Lemon and Lemon Juice by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091812. [PMID: 37174350 PMCID: PMC10178108 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While pesticides have become a primary tool in modern agriculture, these compounds remain a high priority on the list of consumer concerns regarding food safety. The use of pesticides in the production and post-harvesting of lemon fruits is widely used to ensure agricultural yield and fruit quality. Therefore, monitoring studies on citrus fruits to enforce regulatory compliance and ensure food safety is in great demand. The aim of this study was to monitor multi-class pesticide residues in lemon fruits commercialized in Turkey. The transmission of residues that existed on the outer surface of the fruit into its juice was also studied. Whole fruits and lemon juice samples were prepared using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) methodology prior to analysis. For the screening and quantification of 355 pesticide residues, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) were used. The analytical method has been shown to have a sufficiently low limit of quantification with respect to current maximum residue limits (MRLs) for all target analytes. The obtained recovery and precision parameters fulfilled the requirements in DG SANTE guidelines. The in-house validated analytical method was then applied for the determination of 355 pesticide substances in 100 whole fruit samples and their juices. Sixteen different residues were detected in 43% of lemon fruits, whereas 57 lemon samples were pesticide-free. The MRLs exceedances were recorded in 29 lemon samples. The most frequently detected (17%) pesticide in lemon fruits was chlorpyrifos-methyl, with a range of 0.013-0.098 mg kg-1. A lower frequency was detected for metamitron (10%, 0.027-0.118 mg kg-1), buprofezin (9%, 0.023-0.076 mg kg-1), pyriproxyfen (9%, 0.021-0.102 mg kg-1) and malathion (7%, 0.100-0.482 mg kg-1) in whole fruits. However, none of the pesticide residues were detected in lemon juice samples. These results showed that target analytes are unable to penetrate the lemon exocarp and/or endocarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Aslantas
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hitit University, Corum 19030, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Golge
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faulty of Tourism, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya 07425, Turkey
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Curbelo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad EAN, Calle 79 No. 11-45, Bogotá 110221, Colombia
| | - Bulent Kabak
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hitit University, Corum 19030, Turkey
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16
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Niu C, Yao Z, Jiang S. Synthesis and application of quantum dots in detection of environmental contaminants in food: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163565. [PMID: 37080319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants can accumulate in the human body through the food chain, which may seriously impact human health. Therefore, it is of vital importance to develop quick, simple, accurate and sensitive (respond quickly) technologies to evaluate the concentration of environmental pollutants in food. Quantum dots (QDs)-based fluorescence detection methods have great potential to overcome the shortcomings of traditional detection methods, such as long detection time, cumbersome detection procedures, and low sensitivity. This paper reviews the types and synthesis methods of QDs with a focus on green synthesis and the research progress on rapid detection of environmental pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, pesticides, and antibiotics) in food. Metal-based QDs, carbon-based QDs, and "top-down" and "bottom-up" synthesis methods are discussed in detail. In addition, research progress of QDs in detecting different environmental pollutants in food is discussed, especially, the practical application of these methods is analyzed. Finally, current challenges and future research directions of QDs-based detection technologies are critically discussed. Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon-based QDs with low toxicity from natural materials has a promising future. Research is needed on green synthesis of QDs, direct detection without pre-processing, and simultaneous detection of multiple contaminants. Finally, how to keep the mobile sensor stable, sensitive and easy to store is a hot topic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Niu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shanxue Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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17
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Göl E, Çok İ, Battal D, Şüküroğlu AA. Assessment of Preschool Children's Exposure Levels to Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Pesticide: A Human Biomonitoring Study in Two Turkish Provinces. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:318-331. [PMID: 36877224 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are products developed to prevent, destroy, repel or control certain forms of plant or animal life that are considered to be pests. However, now they are one of the critical risk factors threatening the environment, and they create a significant threat to the health of children. Organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) pesticides are widely used in Turkey as well as all over the world. The main focus of this presented study was to analyze the OP and PYR exposure levels in urine samples obtained from 3- to 6-year-old Turkish preschool children who live in the Ankara (n:132) and Mersin (n:54) provinces. In order to measure the concentrations of three nonspecific metabolites of PYR insecticides and four nonspecific and one specific metabolite of OPs, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses were performed. The nonspecific PYR metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) found in 87.1% of samples (n = 162) and the specific OP metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) found in 60.2% of samples (n = 112) were the most frequently detected metabolites in all urine samples. The mean concentrations of 3-PBA and TCPY were 0.38 ± 0.8 and 0.11 ± 0.43 ng/g creatinine, respectively. Although due to the large individual variation no statistically significant differences were found between 3-PBA (p = 0.9969) and TCPY (p = 0.6558) urine levels in the two provinces, significant exposure differences were determined both between provinces and within the province in terms of gender. Risk assessment strategies performed in light of our findings do not disclose any proof of a possible health problems related to analyzed pesticide exposure in Turkish children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Göl
- Ankara Toxicology Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine, 06300, Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmet Çok
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Battal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayça Aktaş Şüküroğlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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18
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Zhang Q, Cao R, Tang T, Ying Z, Hu S, Xu Y. The integrated exposure assessment and potential risks of five organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables in Zhejiang, China (2018-2020). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28916-28924. [PMID: 36401015 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This research surveyed the concentrations of five organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in vegetables with the purpose of assessing the potential integrated health risks of residents. From 2018 to 2020, 870 samples of eight kinds of vegetables from Zhejiang Province were collected. Gas chromatography coupled with a flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) analyzed the five OPs. OPs were most frequently detected in celery (18.9% of samples), cowpeas (18.3% of samples), and leeks (16.9% of samples) compared to other vegetables. Among the 11 cities in Zhejiang, the cities with high detection rates of OPs were Ningbo and Hangzhou. The integrated concentrations of OPs in different cities ranged from 71.9 to 376 μg/kg. The cumulative risk assessment revealed that the estimated daily intake (EDI) of leek in Wenzhou was the highest, which was 0.0077 (mg/kg bw) and 0.0059 (mg/kg bw) in adults and children respectively. The health risks of residents who consume these vegetables were within a safe range. The data provided demonstrate the distribution and potential health hazards of OPs in commonly consumed vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeteng Ying
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shitao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
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19
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Balkan T, Kara K. Dissipation kinetics of some pesticides applied singly or in mixtures in/on grape leaf. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1234-1242. [PMID: 36416723 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape and leaf quality are often severely reduced by fungi such as grey rot Botrytis cinerea Pers., powdery mildew Erysiphe necator Schwein, and downy mildew Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Berl. & De Toni and by insects such as Otiorhynchus spp., European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana Den.-Schiff., vine mealybug Planococcus citri Risso, and grape erineum mite Colomerus vitis Pgst. Various pesticides are often applied to mitigate these pest problems. These chemicals used singly as well as in the form of a mixture can leave residues on or in the crop. It is therefore of great importance to study the dissipation of the pesticides applied alone and in mixtures to this crop to protect consumers. RESULTS The dissipation kinetics of cypermethrin, boscalid, deltamethrin, kresoxim-methyl, lambda-cyhalothrin, metalaxyl-M, metrafenone, and triadimenol residues were studied in vine leaves grown under sunny conditions in Turkey. The dissipation rate for singly applied pesticides followed first-order kinetics, with half-lifes in grape leaves in the range of 1.85-7.22 days. Changes in the degradation process of pesticide residues were determined after application, as both single applications and mixtures. The degradation of boscalid, cymoxanil, deltamethrin and metalaxyl-M accelerated while the degradation of cypermethrin, kresoxim-methyl, and lambda-cyhalothrin slowed down in mixtures of pesticides. CONCLUSION The use of pesticides in mixtures leads to slower degradation and higher residues for some active ingredients and faster degradation and fewer residues for other active ingredients. Therefore, pesticide mixtures should not be applied in the field without having detailed information about their ingredients. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarık Balkan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Kenan Kara
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Zhu M, Li Y, Chen DP, Li CP, Ouyang GP, Wang ZC. Allicin-inspired disulfide derivatives containing quinazolin-4(3H)-one as a bacteriostat against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:537-547. [PMID: 36193761 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant bacterial diseases have seriously affected the yield and quality of crops, among which rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has seriously affected the yield of rice. As plant-pathogenic bacteria gradually become resistant to existing bactericides, it is necessary to find effective bactericides with novel structures. RESULTS Herein, a series of compounds containing quinazolin-4(3H)-one and disulfide moieties were designed and synthesized using a facile synthetic method. The bioassay results revealed that most target compounds possessed noticeable antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Particularly, compound 2-(butyldisulfanyl) quinazolin-4(3H)-one (1) exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity with the half effective concentration (EC50 ) of 0.52 μg mL-1 . Additionally, compound 1 was confirmed to inhibit the growth of the bacteria, change the bacterial morphology, and increase the level of reactive oxygen species. Proteomics, and RT-qPCR analysis results indicated that compound 1 could downregulate the expression of Pil-Chp histidine kinase chpA encoded by the pilL gene, and the potting experiments proved that compound 1 exhibits significant protective activity against BLB. CONCLUSIONS Compound 1 may weaken the pathogenicity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by inhibiting the bacterial growth and blocking the pili-mediated twitching motility without inducing the bacterial apoptosis. This study indicates that such derivatives could be a promising scaffold to develop a bacteriostat to control BLB. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan-Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gui-Ping Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhen-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Zhang Q, Xu Y, Ying Z, Tang T, Hu S. Integrated exposure assessment and potential risks of neonicotinoids in vegetables from three different sources in Zhejiang, China (2018-2020). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:22941-22949. [PMID: 36308652 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary exposure is the primary route of human exposure to neonicotinoids (neonics), and vegetables are essential foods in people's daily diet. However, the residues and potential health risks of neonics in vegetables from different sources have not been well examined. In this study, we collected 1588 samples of vegetables from organic vegetable bases, farmer's markets, and supermarkets in Zhejiang, China. Three frequently used neonics, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, were selected and analyzed. We investigated the residue, temporal and spatial distribution, and potential health risks. Cowpea was detected with the highest mean imidacloprid-equivalent total neonics (IMIRPF) by value of 655 μg/kg. Vegetable samples from farmer's markets were detected with the highest mean IMIRPF by value of 168 μg/kg, followed by supermarkets (134 μg/kg) and the lowest in organic vegetable bases (76.9 μg/kg). The outcomes of integrated risk assessment for dietary intake of those three neonics in vegetables were all within the safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yitian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeteng Ying
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shitao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
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Elmastas A, Umaz A, Pirinc V, Aydin F. Quantitative determination and removal of pesticide residues in fresh vegetables and fruit products by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:277. [PMID: 36609771 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are the potent agrochemicals used to successfully manage, repel, or stop pests and weeds in agricultural production. This study analyzed 222 pesticide active substances in 90 samples of seven different vegetables and fruits acquired from producers through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) technology. The validation parameters of each pesticide's active substances were determined. The LOD, LOQ values, and recovery studies of the 222 active substances were 3.00, 10.00 ng/g, and between 76.07 and 108.08%, respectively. The correlation coefficients and measurement uncertainty were determined to be between 0.990-0.999 and 8.91-31.46%, respectively. There were active substances of chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, malathion, dieldrin, boscalid, triticonazole, tebuconazole, triadimenol, trifloxystrobin, pirimicarb, and dodine among the vegetable and fruit samples used in the study. There were no active substances in 55 (61%) samples. Among the 35 samples (39%), 31 samples (34%) contained only one active substance, whereas four (5%) contained two active substances. However, the amount of active substances in six (7%) samples was above the maximum residue levels (MRL) limits. Various processes used in the study revealed that peeling was the most effective pesticide residue removal strategy. The washing procedure also proved that it reduced some pesticide residues but failed to eliminate all pesticides. The peeling process successfully reduced a significant amount of the active substances from the products, however, residues remained. Washing the fruits with hot water was also effective in removing residues. As a result, analyses of the peeled sections yielded higher pesticide residue concentrations than those of the entire product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Elmastas
- Diyarbakir Food Control Laboratory, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Diyarbakır, 21100, Turkey
| | - Adil Umaz
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, 47200, Turkey.
| | - Vedat Pirinc
- Department of Horizontal Plants, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, 21280, Turkey
| | - Firat Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, 21280, Turkey
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Arjona-López JM, Gmitter FG, Romero-Rodríguez E, Grosser JW, Hervalejo A, López-Herrera CJ, Arenas-Arenas FJ. Susceptibility of Novel Promising Citrus Rootstocks to White Root Rot. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3388. [PMID: 36501427 PMCID: PMC9741027 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops in Mediterranean countries such as Spain, which is one of the main citrus-producing countries worldwide. Soil-borne pathogens, such as Rosellinia necatrix, are relevant limiting biotic factors in fruit trees, due to their tricky management. This fungus is a polyphagous plant pathogen with worldwide distribution, causing white root rot in woody crops, including citrus trees in Spain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of new plant material against R. necatrix infection. Therefore, plants of 12 different citrus rootstocks were inoculated with one R. necatrix isolate. During the assay, and periodically, above-ground symptoms and chlorophyll content were evaluated. At the end of the experiment, leaf area and plant biomass measures were obtained. Rootstocks B11R5T64 and B11R5T60 achieved the lowest disease incidence of symptoms and reduction of biomass, and were similar to their respective controls in chlorophyll content and leaf area. Carrizo citrange, CL-5146 and UFR-5 were the most affected rootstocks in symptoms and biomass reduction. This work provides information about R. necatrix-tolerant citrus rootstocks, which can constitute a new integrated, sustainable and effective long-term strategy to avoid white root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Arjona-López
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Technology, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), “Las Torres” Center, Ctra. Sevilla-Cazalla de la Sierra km. 12.2, 41200 Seville, Spain
| | - Frederick G. Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Estefanía Romero-Rodríguez
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Technology, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), “Las Torres” Center, Ctra. Sevilla-Cazalla de la Sierra km. 12.2, 41200 Seville, Spain
| | - Jude W. Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Aurea Hervalejo
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Technology, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), “Las Torres” Center, Ctra. Sevilla-Cazalla de la Sierra km. 12.2, 41200 Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos J. López-Herrera
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish Research Council, Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Arenas-Arenas
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Technology, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), “Las Torres” Center, Ctra. Sevilla-Cazalla de la Sierra km. 12.2, 41200 Seville, Spain
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Balkan T, Yılmaz Ö. Efficacy of some washing solutions for removal of pesticide residues in lettuce. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
When previous studies were examined, it was reported that a wide variety of pesticide residues were detected in lettuce (Bakırcı et al. in Food Chem 160:379–392, 2014; Balkan and Yılmaz in Food Chem 384:132516, 2022; Qin et al. in Food Res Int 72:161–167, 2015; Selim et al. in Res J Environ Sci 5:248–258, 2011). In addition, pesticide-contaminated lettuce poses a risk to consumers as it is a fresh food that is eaten raw. Therefore, pesticide removal processes must be applied before consumption. Some pesticide removal process, such as storage and heat treatment cannot be applied to lettuce because of unshelled, no long shelf life and consuming as fresh. Different practical methods are needed for the removal of pesticides process. The recommendations of suitable methods for cleaning salad materials in ready-to-eat sector, hotels, restaurants and homes are very important. It is important to reduce pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits that are consumed raw by washing them with non-toxic solutions. These approaches aim to protect public health. The study conducted in 2021 determined the effect of various washing treatments. For this purpose, before the washing trials, QuEChERS method was validated for determination of 7 pesticides in lettuce, by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Lettuce plants were grown in the greenhouse for the study. Lettuces were brought to the laboratory 24 h after pesticides were applied in the greenhouse. The samples were kept in 2 L washing solution for pesticide analysis.
Results
The processing factor values of all washing applications were found below 1. This result shows that the residue level was reduced by washing solutions. Among the washing solution treatments, the rice vinegar washing solution was found to be most effective in reducing the pesticide residues which was due to the high degree in the pesticide degradation. Washing with filtered rice water also exhibited equivalent reduction capability similar to rice vinegar.
Conclusions
The effectiveness of washing solutions was different for boscalid, deltamethrin, fluopcolide, fluopyram, pyrimethanil, pyraclostrobin and sulfoxaflor. However, when the average removal of these pesticides was evaluated, the most effective solutions were rice vinegar, filtered rice water, carbonated water, NaCl + grape vinegar, hot tap water (40 °C), grape vinegar (6% acetic acid), grape vinegar + water, cold tap water (20 °C), lemon juice, baking soda water, grape vinegar (8% acetic acid), filtered mint water and grape vinegar (4% acetic acid), respectively. It was concluded that some of the solutions used in this study can significantly reduce exposure to pesticides for consumers.
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Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Fruits from Farmer Markets and Associated Dietary Risks. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228072. [PMID: 36432173 PMCID: PMC9695969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of pesticides leads to an increase in agricultural production but also causes harmful effects on human health when excessively used. For safe consumption, pesticide residues should be below the maximum residual limits (MRLs). In this study, the residual levels of pesticides in vegetables and fruits collected from farmers' markets in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt were investigated using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. A total number of 40 pesticides were detected in the tested vegetable and fruit samples. Insecticides were the highest group in detection frequency with 85% and 69% appearance in vegetables and fruits, respectively. Cucumber and apple samples were found to have the highest number of pesticide residues. The mean residue levels ranged from 7 to 951 µg kg-1 (in vegetable samples) and from 8 to 775 µg kg-1 (in fruit samples). It was found that 35 (40.7%) out of 86 pesticide residues detected in vegetables and 35 (38.9%) out of 90 pesticide residues detected in fruits exceeded MRLs. Results for lambda-cyhalothrin, fipronil, dimothoate, and omethoate in spinach, zucchini, kaki, and strawberry, respectively, can cause acute or chronic risks when consumed at 0.1 and 0.2 kg day-1. Therefore, it is necessary for food safety and security to continuously monitor pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in markets.
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26
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Li H, Deng R, Tavakoli H, Li X, Li X. Ultrasensitive detection of acephate based on carbon quantum dot-mediated fluorescence inner filter effects. Analyst 2022; 147:5462-5469. [PMID: 36318045 PMCID: PMC9733495 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01552h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acephate is an organophosphorus pesticide (OP) that is widely used to control insects in agricultural fields such as in vegetables and fruits. Toxic OPs can enter human and animal bodies and eventually lead to chronic or acute poisoning. However, traditional enzyme inhibition and colorimetric methods for OPs detection usually require complicated detection procedures and prolonged time and have low detection sensitivity. High-sensitivity monitoring of trace levels of acephate residues is of great significance to food safety and human health. Here, we developed a simple method for ultrasensitive quantitative detection of acephate based on the carbon quantum dot (CQD)-mediated fluorescence inner filter effect (IFE). In this method, the fluorescence from CQDs at 460 nm is quenched by 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP) and the resulting fluorescence from DAP at 558 nm is through an IFE mechanism between CQDs and DAP, producing ratiometric responses. The ratiometric signal I558/I460 was found to exhibit a linear relationship with the concentration of acephate. The detection limit of this method was 0.052 ppb, which is far lower than the standards for acephate from China and EU in food safety administration. The ratiometric fluorescence sensor was further validated by testing spiked samples of tap water and pear, indicating its great potential for sensitive detection of trace OPs in complex matrixes of real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Li
- Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, P.R. China.
| | - Rong Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, P.R. China.
| | - Hamed Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Forensic Science, & Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, P.R. China.
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Forensic Science, & Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
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Sahyoun W, Net S, Baroudi M, Ouddane B. Monitoring of pesticides residues in fruits and vegetables: Method optimization and application. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Osaili TM, Al Sallagi MS, Dhanasekaran DK, Bani Odeh WA, Al Ali HJ, Al Ali AA, Ismail LC, Al. Mehri KO, Pisharath VA, Holley R, Obaid RS. Pesticide residues in fresh fruits imported into the United Arab Emirates. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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29
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Jiang Y, Zhuang M, Xiao P, Wang K, Song J, Liu H, Zhao J, Chu Z. Pesticide residues and dietary risk assessment in radishes in Shandong. J Food Sci 2022; 87:4751-4760. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan Shandong P. R. China
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Maoqiang Zhuang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan Shandong P. R. China
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Peirui Xiao
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan Shandong P. R. China
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Kebo Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan Shandong P. R. China
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Jian Song
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan Shandong P. R. China
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan Shandong P. R. China
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan Shandong P. R. China
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Zunhua Chu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan Shandong P. R. China
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment Jinan Shandong P. R. China
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30
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Determination of active ingredients in formulated plant protection products by UHPLC-UV/MS. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-022-01399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Investigation and Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Four Common Vegetables and Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure in Ceramic Capital, China. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196562. [PMID: 36235099 PMCID: PMC9571922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the basic situation of pesticide residues in vegetables in China’s porcelain capital, four kinds of common vegetables on the market were selected in this study for detection and analysis of pesticide residues. The pesticide residues in vegetables were analyzed through sample selection, optimization of instrument and equipment conditions, and comparison of detection pass rates. The sampling locations were common vegetables purchasing places such as large and medium-sized supermarkets. QuEChERS method was used as the sample pretreatment, and gas chromatography (GC-MS/MS) was used for quantitative analysis. Finally, the exposure risk of pesticides was assessed according to the test results. The results showed that all the pesticides were detected in four kinds of vegetables, but the detected pesticides did not exceed the national standard (GB 2763-2014, China). Moreover, the target risk coefficient (THQ) and risk index (HI) values of four vegetables were less than one, indicating that the combined and toxic effect of pesticide residual mixed contamination was smaller in four vegetables. Therefore, there was no significant harm from people using these vegetables.
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Balkan T, Yılmaz Ö. Method validation, residue and risk assessment of 260 pesticides in some leafy vegetables using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 384:132516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yıldırım İ, Çiftçi U. Monitoring of pesticide residues in peppers from Çanakkale (Turkey) public market using QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS detection. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:570. [PMID: 35796789 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Residue analyses were conducted for 283 pesticide active ingredients on pepper samples collected from the local markets (between April and November) of Çanakkale province of Turkey by using QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS devices. In present pepper samples, 35 different pesticide residues were detected. About 25.0% (27 samples) of present samples had single residue and 43.5% (47 samples) had multiple residues. Of the detected pesticides, acetamiprid, triadimenol, imidacloprid, boscalid, pirimiphos-methyl, tebuconazole, and metalaxyl were the most common ones, while carbendazim/benomyl, fenpropathrin, and thiram were the banned ones. Moreover, 24 of the pesticide residues detected were above the MRL values, 19 pesticides were in the "moderately hazardous (II)," and two pesticides were in the "extremely hazardous (Ib)" class (WHO). Present findings revealed that consumer health may be in danger despite all legal measures by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Turkey, thus greater emphasis should be put on monitoring of pesticide use and residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Yıldırım
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Çal Vocational College, Pamukkale University, 20000, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Uğur Çiftçi
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Çanakkale Food Control Laboratory Directorate, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Ma C, Wei D, Liu P, Fan K, Nie L, Song Y, Wang M, Wang L, Xu Q, Wang J, Shi J, Geng J, Zhao M, Jia Z, Huan C, Huo W, Wang C, Mao Z, Huang S, Zeng X. Pesticide Residues in Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Henan Province of China in 2020. Front Public Health 2022; 10:901485. [PMID: 35757605 PMCID: PMC9226416 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.901485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to control insect pests and regulate plant growth in China, which may result in the presence of some pesticide residues in the vegetables. However, few studies of monitoring pesticides have been conducted in Henan Province. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of pesticide residues in commonly consumed vegetables in the regions of Henan Province. Methods In this study, we collected 5,576 samples of 15 different vegetables in 17 areas from Henan Province during 2020. Eight kinds of pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), including procymidone, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, pendimethalin, isocarbophos, isazophos, fenthion and deltamethrin. The chi-square test was used to compare the detection rates of pesticide residues in different regions. Results Of all the pesticides above, procymidone, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, pendimethalin and isocarbophos were detected in vegetables, the detection rates were 27.0%, 16.2%, 11.4%, 3.5%, and 1.9%, respectively. However, isazophos, fenthion, and deltamethrin were not detected. In addition, procymidone, lambda-cyhalothrin, and cypermethrin were detected in urban areas, while pendimethalin was detected in rural areas. The detection rates of cypermethrin and pendimethalin in rural were 19.8% and 5.4%, respectively, which in urban were at relatively lower levels (13.7% and 1.9%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Compared the differences of pesticide detection rates among five areas of Henan province, we found that there were statistical differences in the detection rates of procymidone, cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in different regions (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The results have revealed that the pesticide residues are present. Higher detection rates and more types of pesticides were found in rural areas than urban areas. In addition, there were higher detection rates in Eastern Henan. The findings provided valuable information on the current pesticide residues status, which can be a reference of pesticide supervision and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keliang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luting Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jintian Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zexin Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changsheng Huan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Institute for Special Food Inspection, Henan Province Food Inspection Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Nguyen Dang Giang C, Le DBC, Nguyen VH, Hoang TL, Tran TVT, Huynh TPL, Nguyen TQT. Assessment of pesticide use and pesticide residues in vegetables from two provinces in Central Vietnam. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269789. [PMID: 35696374 PMCID: PMC9191740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residue in food, especially in vegetables, is one of the important parameters to assess food safety. This study evaluates the pesticide use in vegetables from two provinces in Central Vietnamand and present data on pesticides detected in vegetables sampled from the sites. The potential health risk associated with the contamination of four commonly used pesticides in different vegetables is also discussed. Both household surveys and monitoring campaigns were conducted. The survey showed that improper pesticide application, storage, and waste disposal prevailed at the study sites. Only 20% of the respondent were aware of pesticide toxicity. As a result, pesticides were detected in 81% out of 290 vegetable samples collected at harvesting time. Up to 23% of samples had pesticide residues above the Maximum Residue Limit values. The highest total pesticide concentration quantified in vegetables in Thua Thien Hue was 11.9 mg/kg (green onions), and in Quang Binh was 38.6 mg/kg (mustard greens). Median residue levels of individual pesticides in vegetables ranged from 0.007 to 0.037 mg/kg. Among the ten target pesticides, cypermethrin, difenoconazole, and fenobucarb were detected at the highest frequencies (72%, 41%, and 37%, respectively). Pesticide residues varied between seasons at both study provinces. Pesticide contamination in the wet season was significantly higher than in the dry season. This study also discovered a potential health risk associated with fipronil residues in vegetables in Thua Thien Hue province. The paper provides recommendations for mitigation measures (both technological and social) in reducing potential health risks linked to pesticide use in vegetables in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Nguyen Dang Giang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
| | - Dang Bao Chau Le
- Department of Sociology, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Van Hop Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Thai Long Hoang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Van Thi Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Linh Huynh
- Sociology, Anthropology in Water Management, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) in Hanoi, Kim Ma, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Quynh Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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36
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Hassanen EI, Ebedy YA, Ibrahim MA, Farroh KY, Elshazly MO. Insights overview on the possible protective effect of chitosan nanoparticles encapsulation against neurotoxicity induced by carbendazim in rats. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:31-43. [PMID: 35513110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbendazim (CBZ) contamination of food and water is a principal factor in many negative impacts on public health. Nanoencapsulation of agrochemicals by nontoxic polymers as chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) is one of the most applications of nanotechnology in agriculture. Despite its many advantages, such as it provides controlled release property, more stability and solubility of the active ingredient, it is not authorized to be used in the market because there are no adequate studies on the nano pesticides induced toxicity on experimental animals. So, we aim to study the possible impacts of CBZ-loading CS-NPs on the whole brain of rats and to explain its mechanism of action. 20 male Wistar rats were partitioned into 4 groups as follows: Group (1), normal saline; group (2), 5 mg/kg CS-NPs; group (3), 300 mg/kg CBZ; group (4) 300 mg/kg CS/CBZ-NCs. After 28 days, some neurobehavioral parameters were assessed to all rats then euthanization was done to collect the brain. Our results revealed that CBZ prompted neurotoxicity manifested by severe neurobehavioral changes and a significant increase of MDA with a decrease of GSH and CAT in brain tissue. In addition, there were severe neuropathological alterations confirmed by immunohistochemistry which showed strong bax, GFAP, and TNF-ὰ protein expression in some brain areas. CBZ also induced apoptosis manifested by up-regulation of JNK and P53 with down-regulation of Bcl-2 in brain tissue. Otherwise, encapsulation of CBZ with CS-NPs could reduce CBZ-induced neurotoxicity and improve all studied toxicological parameters. We recommend using CBZ-loading CS-NPs as an alternative approach for fungicide application in agricultural and veterinary practices but further studies are needed to ensure its safety on other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I Hassanen
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Yasmin A Ebedy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Khaled Y Farroh
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - M O Elshazly
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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37
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Cytoprotective and Antigenotoxic Properties of Organic vs. Conventional Tomato Puree: Evidence in Zebrafish Model. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this in vivo study, we investigated cytoprotective and antigenotoxic effects of commercial tomato puree obtained from conventional vs. organic farming systems (pesticides vs. pesticide-free agriculture, respectively). This is relevant as pesticides are widely used in agriculture to prevent pests, weeds, and the spread of plant pathogens. By exposing zebrafish to tomato puree alone and in combination with H2O2 (a well-known genotoxic agent), we analyzed the percentage of fish survival, cell viability, intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA fragmentation index (DFI%), and genomic template stability (GTS%). Fish exposed to organic puree showed higher fish survival and cellular viability, lower DFI% and ROS, and improved GTS%. Our results suggest a higher cytoprotective and antigenotoxic effect of organic pesticide-free tomatoes, probably because the activity of natural phytochemicals is not affected by the presence of toxic residues, which are otherwise produced by pesticides used in conventional farming systems. Our study points out the importance of considering alternative strategies in agriculture to minimize the genotoxic impact of chemical pesticides.
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Osaili TM, Al Sallagi M, Dhanasekaran D, Bani Odeh W, Al Ali H, Al Ali A, Radwan H, Obaid R, Holley R. Pesticide residues in fresh vegetables imported into the United Arab Emirates. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Assessment of Pesticide Content in Apples and Selected Citrus Fruits Subjected to Simple Culinary Processing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Over the span of the last decade, certain pesticides have been banned in apple tree and citrus tree cultivations. Hence, it is important to conduct research focused on estimating the occurrence of residues of pesticides from the perspective of compliance with the relevant legislative regulations. Equally important is to estimate the reduction in pesticide residues through simple procedures such as washing and peeling. This research was conducted in the years 2012 and 2020. An assessment was made of the effect of in-house processing, such as conventional washing with tap water and peeling, on the level of pesticide residues in apples and citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruits and lemons). The level of pesticide residue was determined with the use of the QuEChERS method of extraction in conjunction with LC-MS/MS analysis. One can clearly observe a smaller number of pesticides identified in the edible parts of fruits in 2020 (seven pesticides in apples and three in citrus fruits) compared to 2012 (26 pesticides in apples and 4 in citrus fruits). In apples from 2012, only in the case of disulfoton was the maximum residue limit (MRL) exceeded, while in samples of apples from 2020 no instance of exceeded MRL was noted. This study did not reveal exceeded MRL values in the edible parts of citrus fruits in the analysed years. The absence of detected instances of pesticides not approved for use in the analysed years indicates that the producers complied with the relevant legislative regulations. The results obtained indicate that conventional washing with water (about 1.5 L/one fruit) did not have any effect on the level of pesticide residues in the analysed fruits. Apple peeling allowed for a reduction in pesticide levels in the range of 24% (carbendazim) to 100% (triflumuron, thiodicarb, tebuconazole).
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Mahdavi V, Eslami Z, Molaee-Aghaee E, Peivasteh-Roudsari L, Sadighara P, Thai VN, Fakhri Y, Ravanlou AA. Evaluation of pesticide residues and risk assessment in apple and grape from western Azerbaijan Province of Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111882. [PMID: 34390713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
West Azerbaijan, especially the city of Urmia, is the center of Iranian apple and grape production hence the importance of this, residues of 85 pesticides in these products were investigated using modified QuEChERS extraction followed by UHPLC-MS/MS technique. Residues of 17 different pesticides detected in some apple samples. In grape sample only 7 pesticides detected. The levels of the residues found in all apple and grape samples were below the maximum residue levels (MRLs) of Iran, except for iprodione. Health risk assessment associated with pesticide residues in apples and grapes were estimated by hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI), which indicated that the HI value was lower than 1 in adults and children due to apple and consumption. HI in adults and children were 0.012 and 0.054 in apple; 0.001 and 0.003 in grape samples, respectively. Although the health risk assessment showed that the consumers are not at considerable risk but due to pesticide residue, implement control plans to manage the proper application of this pesticide, or replace it with safer alternatives in apple and grape is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Eslami
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Molaee-Aghaee
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Peivasteh-Roudsari
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Van Nam Thai
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH) 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Abbas Ali Ravanlou
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran
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Pitoi MM, Harmoko H, Tresnawati A, Pardede HF, Ariyani M, Ridwan YS, Yusiasih R. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Indonesia: findings of five-year proficiency testing. ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE : JOURNAL FOR QUALITY, COMPARABILITY AND RELIABILITY IN CHEMICAL MEASUREMENT 2022; 27:181-193. [PMID: 35572789 PMCID: PMC9087159 DOI: 10.1007/s00769-022-01502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The first proficiency testing of pesticides in fruits and vegetables in Indonesia is reported. This report covers the findings of five-year proficiency testings. Every year, from 2016 to 2020, 18-25 laboratories join the proficiency testings and analyze 5-11 pesticides in tomato, orange, lettuce, brown rice, strawberry respectively. The number of laboratories participating in the proficiency testings tends to increase, although only 38 % of the laboratories are able to report all pesticides. More than 72 % of participants use QuEChERS or its modifications for sample preparation, all participants use gas chromatography or liquid chromatography for separation, at least 20 % of participants still rely on detectors other than mass spectrophotometer for detection, and 20 %-60 % of participants use matrix-matched calibration for quantification. The performance of laboratories is evaluated as z-score with an average of 90.8 % achieves satisfactory results while 3.3 % and 5.9 % achieve questionable and unsatisfactory results correspondingly. Overall, the performance of laboratory participants during proficiency testings is good. However, improvement is still needed, especially for the number of target pesticides for multi-residue pesticide analysis. Moreover, unsatisfactory z-scores are likely to be resulted from laboratories which use conventional solvent extraction, use detectors other than mass spectrometers, and are not accredited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska M. Pitoi
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Harmoko Harmoko
- Directorate of Standardization and Quality Control, Ministry of Trade Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Astika Tresnawati
- Directorate of Standardization and Quality Control, Ministry of Trade Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hilman F. Pardede
- Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Miranti Ariyani
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Yohanes S. Ridwan
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Retno Yusiasih
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia
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Kashi G, Nourieh N, Mostashari P, Khushab F. Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of the Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and malathion residues in environment samples: Fruit (Apple, Orange, and Tomato). Food Chem X 2021; 12:100163. [PMID: 34825172 PMCID: PMC8604744 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in fruit was studed. Concentration of studied pesticides is positively correlated to the texture of studied fruits. Pesticide residues in studying fruits decreased by an increase in public surveillance.
Organophosphate (OP) insecticide, such as diazinon is found in the environments like water which is still approved for agricultural uses. When diazinon residues enter the human body, it functions as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. This research aims to measure of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon, and malathion residues in fruit such as apple, orange, and tomato after optimizing extraction conditions. Pesticide residues are measured by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Effective variables on pesticide residues are studied including pesticides kind, sampling station, and fruit kind. Results show that average concentration CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in orange water are 7.05 ± 0.01 mg L−1, 6.66 ± 0.03 mg L−1, and 12.38 ± 0.02 µgL−1, respectively. The average concentration CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in apple water are 0.74 ± 0.02 mgL−1, 0.70 ± 0.01 mgL−1, and 1.10 ± 0.01 µgL−1, respectively. The average concentration CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in tomato water are 0.60 ± 0.02 mgL−1, 0.57 ± 0.02 mgL−1, and 0.89 ± 0.01 µgL−1, respectively. The highest CPF concentration is observed in the orange fruit from station 20. Due to an appropriate storage condition and presenting organic fruits in the supermarket, the least mean concentration of pesticides is obtained in studied fruits from station 2. The manner of washing, peeling, and storage period before consuming fruits lead to decreasing studied pesticides concentration about 15–35, 40–50, and 50–60%, respectively. Increasing the fruit shelf-life led to decreasing studied pesticides concentration. Between pesticide concentration and variables: pesticides kind, sampling station, fruit kind, are not seen meaningful statistic relationship (P > 0.05). This study showed that pesticide residues in fruits can be decreased by washing, refrigerating, peeling procedures and increase in public surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giti Kashi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Water Purification Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Nourieh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Mostashari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khushab
- Department of Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Ma Z, Gao Y, Chu F, Tong Y, He Y, Li Y, Gao Z, Chen W, Zhang S, Pan Y. Tip-assisted ambient electric arc ionization mass spectrometry for rapid detection of trace organophosphorus pesticides in strawberries. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang Z, Ding K, Lu Z, Fang N, Wang B, Hou Z, Lu Z. Dissipation and residue analysis of novel nematicide trifluorocide in ginseng and soil using modified QuEChERS method coupled with HPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:1042-1050. [PMID: 34846269 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.2007016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, an analytical method that combined a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was developed to determine trifluorocide in fresh and dried ginseng roots, plants (stems and leaves), and soil. At three spiked levels (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg kg-1), the mean recoveries (n = 15) of trifluorocide from fresh and dried ginseng roots, plants, and soil were in the range of 95.6 - 109.7%, with relative standard deviations less than 10.0%. The limits of quantitation of different matrices were determined to be 0.01 mg kg-1. Dissipation and residue study of trifluorocide was conducted in ginseng cultivation ecosystems in Northeast China. The t1/2 (half-life) of trifluorocide in ginseng fresh roots, plants, and soil were 8.3-13.1 days, 7.4-10.9 days, and 8.8-10.6 days, respectively. The terminal residues of trifluorocide in ginseng fresh roots were less than 0.01 mg kg-1 after 35 days of trifluorocide application. This study could be beneficial in residue analysis and assist in the scientific application of trifluorocide during ginseng cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbei Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Agricultural Product Quality Inspection and Monitoring Center, Baishan Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baishan, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Agricultural Product Quality Inspection and Monitoring Center, Baishan Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baishan, Jilin, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Nan Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiguang Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongbin Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Mule CM, Doltade SB, Pandit AB. A review on pesticide degradation from irrigation water and techno-economic feasibility of treatment technologies. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2391-2413. [PMID: 34350673 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses and assures the need for pesticide degradation from various water bodies used for irrigation and the available technologies to treat them effectively. A thorough review of the literature is done on pesticide residues present in various irrigation water sources like rivers, groundwater, river sediments, and soil which signifies the existence of pesticides in the ecosystem. This indicates the severity of water pollution due to various sources around and their adverse effect on the ecosystem. However, several technologies are available to treat these pesticides based on the classification. A Cross comparison between the technologies is done to determine the efficient technology for the treatment of irrigation water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Mandar Mule
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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Wu X, Li J, Zhou Z, Lin Z, Pang S, Bhatt P, Mishra S, Chen S. Environmental Occurrence, Toxicity Concerns, and Degradation of Diazinon Using a Microbial System. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:717286. [PMID: 34790174 PMCID: PMC8591295 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.717286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Diazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used to control cabbage insects, cotton aphids and underground pests. The continuous application of diazinon in agricultural activities has caused both ecological risk and biological hazards in the environment. Diazinon can be degraded via physical and chemical methods such as photocatalysis, adsorption and advanced oxidation. The microbial degradation of diazinon is found to be more effective than physicochemical methods for its complete clean-up from contaminated soil and water environments. The microbial strains belonging to Ochrobactrum sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Lactobacillus brevis, Serratia marcescens, Aspergillus niger, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Rhodotorula rubra were found to be very promising for the ecofriendly removal of diazinon. The degradation pathways of diazinon and the fate of several metabolites were investigated. In addition, a variety of diazinon-degrading enzymes, such as hydrolase, acid phosphatase, laccase, cytochrome P450, and flavin monooxygenase were also discovered to play a crucial role in the biodegradation of diazinon. However, many unanswered questions still exist regarding the environmental fate and degradation mechanisms of this pesticide. The catalytic mechanisms responsible for enzymatic degradation remain unexplained, and ecotechnological techniques need to be applied to gain a comprehensive understanding of these issues. Hence, this review article provides in-depth information about the impact and toxicity of diazinon in living systems and discusses the developed ecotechnological remedial methods used for the effective biodegradation of diazinon in a contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Dorosh O, Fernandes VC, Moreira MM, Delerue-Matos C. Occurrence of pesticides and environmental contaminants in vineyards: Case study of Portuguese grapevine canes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148395. [PMID: 34412412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Every year, after grape harvesting, high quantities of vine-canes are generated. Due to the high amount of bioactive compounds present in this woody material, several studies reported their potential to be used in different sustainable applications. However, before employing vine-canes in this kind of products, their safety needs to be assessed. A robust method for identification and quantification of 30 environmental contaminants (12 organochloride pesticides (OCPs), 6 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), 5 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 7 brominated flame retardants (BFRs)) in vine-canes was developed. For that, the extraction and clean-up procedures were optimized, namely the vine-canes size, the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) composition and the amount of carbon used in the dispersive-solid phase extraction (d-SPE). Suitable analytical parameters were obtained: linearity (r2) >0.99 for all the studied compounds and for the solvent and matrix-matched standards; relative standard deviation (RSD) below 14%; and mean recoveries for two spiking levels (10 and 20 μg/kg) between 75 and 103%, excepting for the PCBs that ranged between 59 and 105%. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranged between 0.38 and 1.09 and 1.26 to 3.64 μg/kg, respectively. Regarding the analysis of 19 vine-cane samples, corresponding to four different varieties (Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Alvarinho, and Loureiro) collected in four different years in the North of Portugal, five contaminants (aldrin, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB28), and 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB101)) were detected. However, only α-HCH (5.85 ± 0.32 to 5.99 ± 0.25 μg/kg) and aldrin (2.44 ± 0.15 μg/kg) were quantified above the LOQ. The screening of environmental contaminants in vine-canes is essential to waste valorization, especially if the goal is to apply them in products for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Dorosh
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela M Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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Elgueta S, Valenzuela M, Fuentes M, Ulloa PE, Ramos C, Correa A, Molinett S. Analysis of Multi-Pesticide Residues and Dietary Risk Assessment in Fresh Tomatoes ( Lycopersicum esculentum) from Local Supermarkets of the Metropolitan Region, Chile. TOXICS 2021; 9:249. [PMID: 34678945 PMCID: PMC8539118 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the official authorities in Chile have reported transgressions in the maximum residue levels of pesticides in fresh vegetables. There is no official information about traceability, pesticide levels, and potential health risks. The aim of this study was to analyse pesticide residues and their corresponding dietary risk assessments in tomatoes from supermarkets in the Metropolitan Region. Pesticides were extracted using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe, QuEChERS method, and their concentrations were determined by using chromatography with HPLC-FL/UV and GC-MS/ECD/NPD, following the Analytical Quality Control and Method Validation Procedures for Pesticides Residues Analysis in Food and Feed, SANTE guide and ISO 17025:2017 standard. In addition, a dietary risk assessment was carried out by comparing Chilean data to international references. The results reported that 9% of the samples had pesticide residue levels above the maximum residue levels permitted in Chile. All the scenarios evaluated revealed the highest estimated daily intake and hazard quotients for methamidophos and chlorpyrifos. Both the active substances used were acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and were neurotoxic under chronic risk assessment. The results showed the highest chronic hazard index in the Chilean scenario for all age groups and genders. The evidence obtained revealed that methamidophos, methomyl, and chlorpyrifos should be restricted for their use in Chilean agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Elgueta
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Providencia, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (P.E.U.); (C.R.)
| | - Marcela Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Platina, Santiago 8720000, Chile; (M.V.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Marcela Fuentes
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Platina, Santiago 8720000, Chile; (M.V.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Pilar E. Ulloa
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Providencia, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (P.E.U.); (C.R.)
| | - Cecilia Ramos
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Providencia, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (P.E.U.); (C.R.)
| | - Arturo Correa
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Platina, Santiago 8720000, Chile; (M.V.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Sebastian Molinett
- Bionanotechnology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias La Cruz, La Cruz 2280454, Chile;
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Huang P, Liu SS, Xu YQ, Wang Y, Wang ZJ. Combined lethal toxicities of pesticides with similar structures to Caenorhabditis elegans are not necessarily concentration additives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117207. [PMID: 33975210 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the mixture toxicity of compounds with similar modes of action (MOAs) is usually predicted by the concentration addition (CA) model. However, due to the lack of toxicological information on compounds, more evidence is needed to determine whether the above conclusion is generally applicable. In general, the same type of compounds with similar chemical structures have similar MOAs, so whether the toxicities of the mixture of these compounds are additive needs to be further studied. In this paper, three types of pesticides with similar chemical structures (three organophosphoruses, two carbamates and two neonicotinoids) that may have similar MOAs were selected and five binary mixture systems were constructed. For each system, five mixture rays with different concentration ratios were designed by the direct equipartition ray design (EquRay) method. The mortality of Caenorhabditis elegans was regarded as the endpoint for the toxicity exposure to single pesticides and binary mixtures. The combined toxicities were evaluated simultaneously using the CA model, isobologram and combination index. The structural similarity of the same type of pesticides was quantitatively analyzed according to the MACCS molecular fingerprint and the slope of dose-response curve at pEC50. The results show that the toxicities of neonicotinoid mixtures and carbamate mixtures are almost antagonistic. The entire mixture system of dichlorvos and dimethoate produced synergism, and four of the five mixture rays of dimethoate and methamidophos induced antagonism, while among the mixture rays of dichlorvos and methamidophos, different concentrations showed different interaction types. The results of structural similarity analysis show that the size of structural similarity showed a certain quantitative relationship with the toxicity interaction of mixtures, that is, the structural similarity of the same type of pesticides may show an additive action in a certain range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Ya-Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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50
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Peng FJ, Emond C, Hardy EM, Sauvageot N, Alkerwi A, Lair ML, Appenzeller BMR. Population-based biomonitoring of exposure to persistent and non-persistent organic pollutants in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg: Results from hair analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 153:106526. [PMID: 33839549 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure of humans to pollutants has been associated with adverse health outcomes, but few studies have evaluated the multiple exposure of general populations. In the present study, we used hair analysis to assess the exposure of a general adult population (n = 497) in Luxembourg to 34 persistent and 33 non-persistent organic pollutants from 11 chemical families, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), and pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs). We detected 24 persistent and 29 non-persistent organic pollutants, with 17 pollutants being detected in more than 50% of hair samples. The median concentrations for pollutants detected in 100% of the samples were 0.37 pg/mg for lindane (γ-HCH), 0.15 pg/mg for hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 14.1 pg/mg for p-nitrophenyl (PNP), and 0.10 pg/mg for trifluralin. Each participant in this study had detectable levels of at least 10 of the pollutants analyzed, and 50% of participants had 19 or more, suggesting the simultaneous exposure to numerous different pollutants among our study population. Significant correlations were often found between pollutants from the same family, with the strongest being found between two PYR metabolites, trans/cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylic acid (Cl2CA) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA). Results from multiple linear regression analyses showed that sex, age and/or body mass index were significantly associated with 15 out of the 17 frequently detected pollutants. The current study is the first nationwide biomonitoring investigating organic contaminants in the Luxembourg population using hair analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jiao Peng
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Claude Emond
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; PhysioKinetic Simulations to Human Inc. (PKSH Inc), Mascouche, QC, J7K 0M6, Canada
| | - Emilie M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas Sauvageot
- Competence Center for Methodology and Statistics, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Ala'a Alkerwi
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Marie-Lise Lair
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
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