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Gelu-Simeon M, Lafrance MJ, Michineau L, Saillard E, Thomé JP, Emond C, Samson M, Multigner L. Inverse association between plasma chlordecone concentrations and progression of alcoholic liver fibrosis: the role of liver metabolism. Environ Health 2024; 23:30. [PMID: 38504260 PMCID: PMC10953091 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorinated insecticide, extensively used in the French West Indies and has been contaminating the population for more than thirty years. Its potentiation effect on hepatotoxic agents has been demonstrated in animal models. We investigated the relationship between environmental exposure to chlordecone and the progression of liver fibrosis. METHODS This study included 182 consecutive patients with chronic alcoholic hepatitis whose liver fibrosis was assessed using non-invasive methods. Measured plasma chlordecone concentrations at inclusion were used as surrogate of long-term exposure under steady-state conditions. As the pharmacokinetic processing of chlordecone is largely determined by the liver, we used a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict plausible changes in the steady-state blood chlordecone concentrations induced by liver fibrosis. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 27.1 years after the onset of alcohol consumption, we found a significant decrease in the risk of advanced liver fibrosis with increasing plasma chlordecone concentration (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.56; 95% confidence interval: 0.34-0.95 for the highest vs. lowest tertile, p = 0.04). Changes induced by liver fibrosis influenced the pharmacokinetic processing of chlordecone, resulting in substantial modifications in its steady-state blood concentrations. CONCLUSION According to this human model of coexposure to alcohol, reverse causality is the most plausible explanation of this inverse association between plasma chlordecone concentrations and progression of liver fibrosis. This study underlines the importance of considering the pharmacokinetic of environmental contaminants in epidemiological studies when biomarkers of exposure are used to investigate their own impact on the liver. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03373396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moana Gelu-Simeon
- CHU de la Guadeloupe, Univ Antilles, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Route de Chauvel, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, 97159, France.
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
| | - Marie-Josée Lafrance
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Leah Michineau
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Eric Saillard
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jean Pierre Thomé
- Université de Liège, LEAE -CART, Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of Research (FOCUS), B6C, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Claude Emond
- PKSH Inc, Crabtree, QC, Canada
- École de Santé Publique, Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail (DSEST), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Samson
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, F-35000, France.
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, F-35000, France
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Morel C, Paoli J, Emond C, Debaugnies F, Hardy EM, Creta M, Montagne M, Borde P, Nieuwenhuyse AV, Duca RC, Schroeder H, Grova N. Pharmacokinetic characterisation of a valproate Autism Spectrum Disorder rat model in a context of co-exposure to α-Hexabromocyclododecane. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 105:104343. [PMID: 38122861 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the role of α-hexabromocyclododecane α-HBCDD as a factor of susceptibility for Autism Spectrum disorders by using valproic acid-exposed rat model (VPA) required characterizing VPA pharmacokinetic in the context of α-HBCDD-co-exposure in non-pregnant and pregnant rats. The animals were exposed to α-HBCDD by gavage (100 ng/kg/day) for 12 days. This was followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of VPA (500 mg/kg) or a daily oral dose of VPA (500 mg/kg) for 3 days. Exposure to α-HBCDD did not affect the pharmacokinetics of VPA in pregnant or non-pregnant rats. Surprisingly, VPA administration altered the pharmacokinetics of α-HBCDD. VPA also triggered higher foetal toxicity and lethality with the PO than IP route. α-HBCDD did not aggravate the embryotoxicity observed with VPA, regardless of the route of exposure. Based on this evidence, a single administration of 500 mg/kg IP is the most suitable VPA model to investigate α-HBCDD co-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morel
- Calbinotox EA-7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - J Paoli
- Calbinotox EA-7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS) - University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | - C Emond
- Calbinotox EA-7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; PKSH Inc., Crabtree, Quebec, Canada; School of Public Health, DSEST, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - F Debaugnies
- Department of Medical Biology, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - E M Hardy
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - M Creta
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - M Montagne
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - P Borde
- Department of Medical Biology, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
| | - A Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - R C Duca
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - H Schroeder
- Calbinotox EA-7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS) - University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | - N Grova
- Calbinotox EA-7488, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS) - University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France; Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
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Holuka C, Morel C, Roth S, Lamartinière Y, Mériaux SB, Paoli J, Guébels P, Duca RC, Godderis L, van Nieuwenhuyse A, Kremarik-Bouillaud P, Cariou R, Emond C, Schroeder H, Turner JD, Grova N. The epigenetic hallmark of early-life α-hexabromocyclododecane exposure: From cerebellar 6-mA levels to locomotor performance in adulthood. Environ Int 2023; 178:108103. [PMID: 37494814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing evidence that methylation at the N6 position of adenine (6-mA), whose modulation occurs primarily during development, would be a reliable epigenetic marker in eukaryotic organisms. The present study raises the question as to whether early-life exposure to α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD), a brominated flame retardant, may trigger modifications in 6-mA epigenetic hallmarks in the brain during the development which, in turn could affect the offspring behaviour in adulthood. Pregnant Wistar rats were split into two groups: control and α-HBCDD (66 ng/kg/per os, G0-PND14). At PND1, α-HBCDD levels were assessed in brain and liver by LC-MS/MS. At PND14, DNA was isolated from the offspring's cerebellum. DNA methylation was measured by 6-mA-specific immunoprecipitation and Illumina® sequencing (MEDIP-Seq). Locomotor activity was finally evaluated at PND120. In our early-life exposure model, we confirmed that α-HBCDD can cross the placental barrier and be detected in pups at birth. An obvious post-exposure phenotype with locomotor deficits was observed when the rats reached adulthood. This was accompanied by sex-specific over-methylation of genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway as well as serotonergic and GABAergic synapses, potentially altering the normal process of neurodevelopment with consequent motor impairments crystalized at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Holuka
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Belval, Luxembourg.
| | - Chloé Morel
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sarah Roth
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Yordenca Lamartinière
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sophie B Mériaux
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Justine Paoli
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Pauline Guébels
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Radu C Duca
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.
| | - An van Nieuwenhuyse
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pascaline Kremarik-Bouillaud
- UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | | | - Claude Emond
- PKSH Inc., Crabtree, Quebec, Canada; School of Public Health, DSEST, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Henri Schroeder
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Morel
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Henri Schroeder
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS, University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Claude Emond
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- PKSH Inc, Mascouche, QC Canada
- School of Public Health, DSEST, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, 13100 Aix en Provence, France
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS, University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
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Moriceau MA, Cano-Sancho G, Kim M, Coumoul X, Emond C, Arrebola JP, Antignac JP, Audouze K, Rousselle C. Partitioning of Persistent Organic Pollutants between Adipose Tissue and Serum in Human Studies. Toxics 2022; 11:toxics11010041. [PMID: 36668767 PMCID: PMC9866963 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Blood is the most widely used matrix for biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). It is assumed that POPs are homogenously distributed within body lipids at steady state; however, the variability underlying the partitioning of POPs between fat compartments is poorly understood. Hence, the objective of this study was to review the state of the science about the relationships of POPs between adipose tissue and serum in humans. We conducted a narrative literature review of human observational studies reporting concentrations of POPs in paired samples of adipose tissue with other lipid-based compartments (e.g., serum lipids). The searches were conducted in SCOPUS and PUBMED. A meta-regression was performed to identify factors responsible for variability. All included studies reported high variability in the partition coefficients of POPs, mainly between adipose tissue and serum. The number of halogen atoms was the physicochemical variable most strongly and positively associated with the partition ratios, whereas body mass index was the main biological factor positively and significantly associated. To conclude, although this study provides a better understanding of partitioning of POPs to refine physiologically based pharmacokinetic and epidemiological models, further research is still needed to determine other key factors involved in the partitioning of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - MinJi Kim
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Sorbonne Nord, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Claude Emond
- School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Juan-Pedro Arrebola
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Karine Audouze
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Rousselle
- ANSES, European and International Affairs Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Morel C, Emond C, Duca R, Debaugnies F, Borde P, Paoli J, Hardy E, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Grova N, Schroeder H. P16-13 Assessing the role of pregnancy and the way of administration on the pharmacokinetic of valproic acid in rats in a context of gestational exposure to α-hexabromocyclododecane, a brominated flame retardant of high concern. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Beausoleil C, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B, Viguié C, Babajko S, Canivenc-Lavier MC, Chevalier N, Emond C, Habert R, Picard-Hagen N, Mhaouty-Kodja S. Regulatory and academic studies to derive reference values for human health: The case of bisphenol S. Environ Res 2022; 204:112233. [PMID: 34688643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The close structural analogy of bisphenol (BP) S with BPA, a recognized endocrine-disrupting chemical and a substance of very high concern in the European Union, highlights the need to assess the extent of similarities between the two compounds and carefully scrutinize BPS potential toxicity for human health. This analysis aimed to investigate human health toxicity data regarding BPS, to find a point of departure for the derivation of human guidance values. A systematic and transparent methodology was applied to determine whether European or international reference values have been established for BPS. In the absence of such values, the scientific literature on human health effects was evaluated by focusing on human epidemiological and animal experimental studies. The results were analyzed by target organ/system: male and female reproduction, mammary gland, neurobehavior, and metabolism/obesity. Academic experimental studies were analyzed and compared to regulatory data including subchronic studies and an extended one-generation and reproduction study. In contrast to the regulatory studies, which were performed at dose levels in the mg/kg bw/day range, the academic dataset on specific target organs or systems showed adverse effects for BPS at much lower doses (0.5-10 μg/kg bw/day). A large disparity between the lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs) derived from regulatory and academic studies was observed for BPS, as for BPA. Toxicokinetic data on BPS from animal and human studies were also analyzed and showed a 100-fold higher oral bioavailability compared to BPA in a pig model. The similarities and differences between the two bisphenols, in particular the higher bioavailability of BPS in its active (non-conjugated) form and its potential impact on human health, are discussed. Based on the available experimental data, and for a better human protection, we propose to derive human reference values for exposure to BPS from the N(L)OAELs determined in academic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine Viguié
- Toxalim, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l'Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse University, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (EIP), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nice, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Claude Emond
- University of Montreal, School of Public Health, DSEST, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - René Habert
- Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, University Paris Diderot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U 967 - CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nicole Picard-Hagen
- Toxalim, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l'Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse University, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (EIP), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005, Paris, France
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Emond C, DeVito MJ, Birnbaum LS. A PBPK model describing the pharmacokinetics of γ-HBCD exposure in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 428:115678. [PMID: 34390738 PMCID: PMC8674938 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The brominated flame retardant, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), is added-but not bound-to consumer products and is eventually found in the environment and human tissues. Commercial-grade HBCD mixtures contain three major stereoisomers, alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ), that are typically at a ratio of 12%:6%:82%, respectively. Although HBCD is widely used, the toxicological effects from its exposure in humans are not clearly understood. Using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model could help improve our understanding of the toxicity of HBCD. The aim of this work was to develop a PBPK model, consisting of five permeability limited compartments (i.e., brain, liver, adipose tissue, blood, and rest of the body), to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of γ-HBCD in C57BL/6 mice. Physiological parameters related to body size, organ weights, and blood flow were taken from the literature. All partition coefficients were calculated based on the log Kow. The elimination in urine and feces was optimized to reflect the percent dose eliminated, as published in the literature. Compared with data from the literature for brain, liver, blood, and adipose tissue, the model simulations accurately described the mouse data set within 1.5-fold of the data points. Also, two examples showing the utility of the PBPK model supplement the information regarding the internal dose that caused the health effects observed during these studies. Although this version of the PBPK model expressly describes γ-HBCD, more efforts are needed to clarify and improve the model to discriminate between the α, β, and γ stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Emond
- BioSimulation Consulting Inc., Newark, DE, USA; School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Michael J DeVito
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Peng FJ, Emond C, Hardy EM, Sauvageot N, Alkerwi A, Lair ML, Appenzeller BMR. Population-based biomonitoring of exposure to persistent and non-persistent organic pollutants in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg: Results from hair analysis. Environ Int 2021; 153:106526. [PMID: 33839549 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure of humans to pollutants has been associated with adverse health outcomes, but few studies have evaluated the multiple exposure of general populations. In the present study, we used hair analysis to assess the exposure of a general adult population (n = 497) in Luxembourg to 34 persistent and 33 non-persistent organic pollutants from 11 chemical families, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), and pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs). We detected 24 persistent and 29 non-persistent organic pollutants, with 17 pollutants being detected in more than 50% of hair samples. The median concentrations for pollutants detected in 100% of the samples were 0.37 pg/mg for lindane (γ-HCH), 0.15 pg/mg for hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 14.1 pg/mg for p-nitrophenyl (PNP), and 0.10 pg/mg for trifluralin. Each participant in this study had detectable levels of at least 10 of the pollutants analyzed, and 50% of participants had 19 or more, suggesting the simultaneous exposure to numerous different pollutants among our study population. Significant correlations were often found between pollutants from the same family, with the strongest being found between two PYR metabolites, trans/cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylic acid (Cl2CA) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA). Results from multiple linear regression analyses showed that sex, age and/or body mass index were significantly associated with 15 out of the 17 frequently detected pollutants. The current study is the first nationwide biomonitoring investigating organic contaminants in the Luxembourg population using hair analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jiao Peng
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Claude Emond
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; PhysioKinetic Simulations to Human Inc. (PKSH Inc), Mascouche, QC, J7K 0M6, Canada
| | - Emilie M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas Sauvageot
- Competence Center for Methodology and Statistics, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Ala'a Alkerwi
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Marie-Lise Lair
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
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10
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Ruiz P, Emond C, McLanahan ED, Joshi-Barr S, Mumtaz M. Exploring Mechanistic Toxicity of Mixtures Using PBPK Modeling and Computational Systems Biology. Toxicol Sci 2021; 174:38-50. [PMID: 31851354 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixtures risk assessment needs an efficient integration of in vivo, in vitro, and in silico data with epidemiology and human studies data. This involves several approaches, some in current use and others under development. This work extends the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) toolkit, available for risk assessors, to include a mixture PBPK model of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes. The recoded model was evaluated and applied to exposure scenarios to evaluate the validity of dose additivity for mixtures. In the second part of this work, we studied toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (TEX)-gene-disease associations using Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, pathway analysis and published microarray data from human gene expression changes in blood samples after short- and long-term exposures. Collectively, this information was used to establish hypotheses on potential linkages between TEX exposures and human health. The results show that 236 genes expressed were common between the short- and long-term exposures. These genes could be central for the interconnecting biological pathways potentially stimulated by TEX exposure, likely related to respiratory and neuro diseases. Using publicly available data we propose a conceptual framework to study pathway perturbations leading to toxicity of chemical mixtures. This proposed methodology lends mechanistic insights of the toxicity of mixtures and when experimentally validated will allow data gaps filling for mixtures' toxicity assessment. This work proposes an approach using current knowledge, available multiple stream data and applying computational methods to advance mixtures risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruiz
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Claude Emond
- BioSimulation Consulting, Inc., Newark, Delaware
| | - Evad D McLanahan
- Division of Community Health Investigations, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Moiz Mumtaz
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia
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11
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Ruiz P, Emond C, McLanahan ED, Joshi-Barr S, Mumtaz M. Erratum to: “Exploring Mechanistic Toxicity of Mixtures Using PBPK Modeling and Computational Systems Biology”. Toxicol Sci 2020; 177:302. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Emond C, DeVito MJ, Diliberto JJ, Birnbaum LS. The Influence of Obesity on the Pharmacokinetics of Dioxin in Mice: An Assessment Using Classical and PBPK Modeling. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:218-228. [PMID: 29596651 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of body fat mass on the elimination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was examined in mice. When male C57BL/6J mice are fed a high-fat, simple carbohydrate diet (HFD) for 13 weeks, they develop an obese phenotype. In contrast, A/J mice fed an HFD do not become obese. After 13 weeks on a normal diet (ND) or HFD, male C57BL/6J and A/J mice received a single dose by gavage of 0.1 or 5.0 µg of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro[1,6-3H] dibenzo-p-dioxin per kg body weight. Using classical pharmacokinetics, the blood elimination half-life of TCDD was approximately 10 and 2 times longer in the C57BL/6J on the HFD compared with the mice on the ND at 0.1 and 5.0 μg/kg doses, respectively. The diet did not increase the blood half-life of TCDD in the A/J mice, which did not get obese. Using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for TCDD that incorporated experimentally derived percent body fat mass and tissue partition coefficients, as well as data on hepatic sequestration, did not provide accurate predictions to the data and could not explain the increase in half-life of TCDD in the HFD groups. This work demonstrates that obesity influences the half-life of TCDD, but other undetermined factors are involved in its elimination because the increase in body fat mass, decreases in cytochrome P4501A2, and altered partition coefficients could not completely explain the prolonged half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Emond
- BioSimulation Consulting Inc., Newark, DE, USA, 19713.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3N 1X9
| | - Michael J DeVito
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Janet J Diliberto
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 27711
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- National Cancer Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 27709
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13
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Palazzi P, Mezzache S, Bourokba N, Hardy EM, Schritz A, Bastien P, Emond C, Li J, Soeur J, Appenzeller BMR. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in women living in the Chinese cities of BaoDing and Dalian revealed by hair analysis. Environ Int 2018; 121:1341-1354. [PMID: 30420128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are produced from incomplete combustion of organic matter and released as environmental contaminants from activities such as transports, wood combustion, coal-fired power plants. In numerous urban areas worldwide, the levels of PAH exposure are considered critical regarding public health issues. The possibility to detect PAH and PAH metabolites biologically incorporated in human hair was demonstrated and proposed as biomarkers of exposure. Nevertheless, the possibility to distinguish different levels of exposure between different populations is still needed to validate the relevance of hair analysis in epidemiological studies. In this work, hair samples were collected from 204 women from two cities in China based on one year Air Quality Index history from governmental data (Baoding as polluted city and Dalian less polluted city). 8 out of the 15 parent PAH and 7 out of the 56 metabolites analyzed in this study were detected in all the samples. The highest concentrations in hair were observed for phenanthrene (4.2 to 889 pg/mg) > fluoranthene (1.05 to 204 pg/mg) > pyrene (3.2 to 124 pg/mg) for parent PAH, and for 9-OH-fluorene (0.04 to 1.78 pg/mg) > 2-OH-naphthalene (0.68 to 811 pg/mg) > 1-OH-anthracene (0.24 to 10.9 pg/mg) for metabolites. 14 parent PAH and 15 metabolites presented a significantly higher concentration in the hair samples collected from Baoding, as compared to Dalian. The median concentration of parent PAH was from 1.5 to 2.8 times higher in the hair of the subjects from Baoding than in subjects from Dalian and that of PAH metabolites was from 1 to 2.3 times higher. The study of inter-chemical associations revealed similarities and differences between the two areas, suggesting common and different sources of exposure depending on PAH respectively. The results confirmed the relevance of hair analysis to identify qualitative and quantitative differences in PAH exposure between populations from different areas. This study is the first one to investigate both parent PAH and their metabolites in a biological matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Palazzi
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Sakina Mezzache
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93601 Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Nasrine Bourokba
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Biopolis Drive, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Emilie M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Schritz
- Competence Center for Methodology and Statistics, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Philippe Bastien
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93601 Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Claude Emond
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jing Li
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, No. 550 JinYu Rd., Pudong New Area, China
| | - Jeremie Soeur
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93601 Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
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14
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Joffin N, Noirez P, Antignac JP, Kim MJ, Marchand P, Falabregue M, Le Bizec B, Forest C, Emond C, Barouki R, Coumoul X. Release and toxicity of adipose tissue-stored TCDD: Direct evidence from a xenografted fat model. Environ Int 2018; 121:1113-1120. [PMID: 30390924 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known to accumulate in adipose tissues (AT). This storage may be beneficial by diverting POPs from other sensitive tissues or detrimental because of chronic release of pollutants as indirectly suggested during weight loss. The aim is to study the biological and/or toxic effects that chronic POP release from previously contaminated grafted AT could exert in a naïve mouse. METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were exposed intraperitoneally to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-doxin (TCDD); their epididymal fat pads were collected and grafted on the back skin of uncontaminated recipient mice whose brain, liver, and epididymal ATs were analyzed (TCDD concentration, relevant gene expression). Kinetics of release and redistribution were modeled using Physiologically Based PharmacoKinetics (PBPK). RESULTS The grafts released TCDD over a period of 10 weeks with different kinetics of distribution in the three organs studied. A PBPK model was used to simulate the AT releasing process and the incorporation of TCDD into the major organs. At three weeks post-graft, we observed significant changes in gene expression in the liver and the host AT with signatures reminiscent of inflammation, gluconeogenesis and fibrosis as compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that AT-stored TCDD can be released and distributed to the organs of the recipient hence leading to distinct changes in gene expression. This original model provides direct evidence of the potential toxic-relevant effects when endogenous sources of contamination are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Joffin
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, France; Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Noirez
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, France; Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; IRMES, EA 7329, Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Paris, France; Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris, France; Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Qc, Canada; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Antignac
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), UMR 1329 Oniris-INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Philippe Marchand
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), UMR 1329 Oniris-INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Falabregue
- Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; IRMES, EA 7329, Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Paris, France; Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), UMR 1329 Oniris-INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Claude Forest
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, France; Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claude Emond
- Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Qc, Canada; BioSimulation Consulting Inc., Newark, DE 19713, USA; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, France; Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, France; Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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15
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Beausoleil C, Emond C, Cravedi JP, Antignac JP, Applanat M, Appenzeller BR, Beaudouin R, Belzunces LP, Canivenc-Lavier MC, Chevalier N, Chevrier C, Elefant E, Eustache F, Habert R, Kolf-Clauw M, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B, Mhaouty-Kodja S, Minier C, Multigner L, Schroeder H, Thonneau P, Viguié C, Pouzaud F, Ormsby JN, Rousselle C, Verines-Jouin L, Pasquier E, Michel C. Regulatory identification of BPA as an endocrine disruptor: Context and methodology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 475:4-9. [PMID: 29426018 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BPA is one of the most investigated substances for its endocrine disruptor (ED) properties and it is at the same time in the center of many ED-related controversies. The analysis on how BPA fits to the regulatory identification as an ED is a challenge in terms of methodology. It is also a great opportunity to test the regulatory framework with a uniquely data-rich substance and learn valuable lessons for future cases. From this extensive database, it was considered important to engage in a detailed analysis so as to provide specific and strong evidences of ED while reflecting accurately the complexity of the response as well the multiplicity of adverse effects. An appropriate delineation of the scope of the analysis was therefore critical. Four effects namely, alterations of estrous cyclicity, mammary gland development, brain development and memory function, and metabolism, were considered to provide solid evidence of ED-mediated effects of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claude Emond
- DSEST, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Brice R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Remy Beaudouin
- INERIS, Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Luc P Belzunces
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 A&E, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Marie-Chantal Canivenc-Lavier
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, INRA, CNRS, agrosup, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- University Hospital of Nice, France & INSERM UMR U1065 - Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Elisabeth Elefant
- Centre de Référence sur les Agents Tératogènes (CRAT), AP-HP Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Florence Eustache
- CECOS, AP-HP, Paris Seine-Saint-Denis University Hospitals, Jean Verdier Hospital, Paris, France
| | - René Habert
- Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiations, CEA, INSERM U 967, University Paris-Diderot, CEA Research Center, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Martine Kolf-Clauw
- CREFRE, Toulouse University, INSERM, Toulouse Veterinary School, 23 chemin des Capelles, BP 87614, F310176 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Brigitte Le Magueresse-Battistoni
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Minier
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR INERIS SEBio, Normandie Université, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre, France
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Henri Schroeder
- Calbinotox, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | | | - Catherine Viguié
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cécile Michel
- ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, Maisons-Alfort, France
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16
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Dimou K, Emond C. Nanomaterials, and Occupational Health and Safety—A Literature Review About Control Banding and a Semi-Quantitative Method Proposed for Hazard Assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/838/1/012020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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17
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Duval C, Teixeira-Clerc F, Leblanc AF, Touch S, Emond C, Guerre-Millo M, Lotersztajn S, Barouki R, Aggerbeck M, Coumoul X. Chronic Exposure to Low Doses of Dioxin Promotes Liver Fibrosis Development in the C57BL/6J Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model. Environ Health Perspect 2017; 125:428-436. [PMID: 27713108 PMCID: PMC5332187 DOI: 10.1289/ehp316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been associated with the progression of chronic liver diseases, yet the contribution of POPs to the development of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition closely linked to obesity, remains poorly documented. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of subchronic exposure to low doses of the POP 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand, on NAFLD progression in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a 10% low-fat (LFD) or a 45% high-fat (HFD) purified diet for 14 weeks and TCDD-exposed groups were injected once a week with 5 μg/kg TCDD or the vehicle for the last 6 weeks of the diet. RESULTS Liver histology and triglyceride levels showed that exposure of HFD fed mice to TCDD worsened hepatic steatosis, as compared to either HFD alone or LFD plus TCDD and the mRNA levels of key genes of hepatic lipid metabolism were strongly altered in co-treated mice. Further, increased liver collagen staining and serum transaminase levels showed that TCDD induced liver fibrosis in the HFD fed mice. TCDD in LFD fed mice increased the expression of several inflammation and fibrosis marker genes with no additional effect from a HFD. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to TCDD amplifies the impairment of liver functions observed in mice fed an enriched fat diet as compared to a low fat diet. The results provide new evidence that environmental pollutants promote the development of liver fibrosis in obesity-related NAFLD in C57BL/6J mice. Citation: Duval C, Teixeira-Clerc F, Leblanc AF, Touch S, Emond C, Guerre-Millo M, Lotersztajn S, Barouki R, Aggerbeck M, Coumoul X. 2017. Chronic exposure to low doses of dioxin promotes liver fibrosis development in the C57BL/6J diet-induced obesity mouse model. Environ Health Perspect 125:428-436; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Duval
- INSERM UMR (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1124, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, ComUE (Communauté d’universités et d’établissements), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Teixeira-Clerc
- INSERM UMR-S955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Alix F. Leblanc
- INSERM UMR (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1124, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, ComUE (Communauté d’universités et d’établissements), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sothea Touch
- INSERM UMR-S1166, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Claude Emond
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- INSERM UMR-S955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1124, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, ComUE (Communauté d’universités et d’établissements), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Martine Aggerbeck
- INSERM UMR (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1124, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, ComUE (Communauté d’universités et d’établissements), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1124, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, ComUE (Communauté d’universités et d’établissements), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Address correspondence to X. Coumoul, INSERM UMR-S1124, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France. Telephone: 33142863359. E-mail:
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Emond C, Ruiz P, Mumtaz M. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic toolkit to evaluate environmental exposures: Applications of the dioxin model to study real life exposures. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 315:70-79. [PMID: 27956220 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) are a series of mono- to octa-chlorinated homologous chemicals commonly referred to as polychlorinated dioxins. One of the most potent, well-known, and persistent member of this family is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). As part of translational research to make computerized models accessible to health risk assessors, we present a Berkeley Madonna recoded version of the human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the recent dioxin assessment. This model incorporates CYP1A2 induction, which is an important metabolic vector that drives dioxin distribution in the human body, and it uses a variable elimination half-life that is body burden dependent. To evaluate the model accuracy, the recoded model predictions were compared with those of the original published model. The simulations performed with the recoded model matched well with those of the original model. The recoded model was then applied to available data sets of real life exposure studies. The recoded model can describe acute and chronic exposures and can be useful for interpreting human biomonitoring data as part of an overall dioxin and/or dioxin-like compounds risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Ruiz
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Moiz Mumtaz
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Emond C, DeVito M, Warner M, Eskenazi B, Mocarelli P, Birnbaum LS. An assessment of dioxin exposure across gestation and lactation using a PBPK model and new data from Seveso. Environ Int 2016; 92-93:23-32. [PMID: 27045706 PMCID: PMC4902767 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
On July 10, 1976, an explosion at a chemical plant in Seveso, Italy, released up to 30kg of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-the most potent dioxin congener. Twenty years later, the Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) initiated a follow-up assessment of a cohort of female Seveso residents. Researchers collected serial blood, measured for TCDD levels, and recorded information about the women's medical history after the explosion. The study's aims were to: 1) modify the human PBPK model for TCDD (Emond et al. 2004; Emond et al. 2005; NCEA-USEPA, 2010) to include repetitive gestation and lactation; 2) simulate TCDD blood concentrations during different life stages including pregnancy and lactation, under different exposure scenarios; and 3) use this PBPK model to compare the influence of gestation and lactation on elimination of TCDD. After optimization of the model, it was assessed using data from the SWHS cohort. The 23 women in Subcohort A, were 4-39years old and in Subcohort B, the 18 women were 3-17years old when the explosion occurred. The model accurately predicted the blood concentrations during the 20years post-exposure, including periods of pregnancy and lactation. The model was also used to analyze the contribution of gestation and lactation to the mother's elimination of TCDD. The results suggest that gestation and lactation do not significantly impact TCDD blood elimination. Future efforts will focus on using additional data to evaluate the PBPK model and improving the mathematical descriptions of lactation and multiple gestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Emond
- BioSimulation Consulting Inc., Newark, DE, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - M DeVito
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M Warner
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P Mocarelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio, Milano, Italy
| | - L S Birnbaum
- National Cancer Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Carlander U, Li D, Jolliet O, Emond C, Johanson G. Toward a general physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for intravenously injected nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:625-40. [PMID: 26929620 PMCID: PMC4755468 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s94370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the potential toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs), information concerning their uptake and disposition (biokinetics) is essential. Experience with industrial chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs reveals that biokinetics can be described and predicted accurately by physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. The nano PBPK models developed to date all concern a single type of NP. Our aim here was to extend a recent model for pegylated polyacrylamide NP in order to develop a more general PBPK model for nondegradable NPs injected intravenously into rats. The same model and physiological parameters were applied to pegylated polyacrylamide, uncoated polyacrylamide, gold, and titanium dioxide NPs, whereas NP-specific parameters were chosen on the basis of the best fit to the experimental time-courses of NP accumulation in various tissues. Our model describes the biokinetic behavior of all four types of NPs adequately, despite extensive differences in this behavior as well as in their physicochemical properties. In addition, this simulation demonstrated that the dose exerts a profound impact on the biokinetics, since saturation of the phagocytic cells at higher doses becomes a major limiting step. The fitted model parameters that were most dependent on NP type included the blood:tissue coefficients of permeability and the rate constant for phagocytic uptake. Since only four types of NPs with several differences in characteristics (dose, size, charge, shape, and surface properties) were used, the relationship between these characteristics and the NP-dependent model parameters could not be elucidated and more experimental data are required in this context. In this connection, intravenous biodistribution studies with associated PBPK analyses would provide the most insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Carlander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dingsheng Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olivier Jolliet
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claude Emond
- BioSimulation Consulting Inc., Newark, DE, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lagarde F, Beausoleil C, Belcher SM, Belzunces LP, Emond C, Guerbet M, Rousselle C. Non-monotonic dose-response relationships and endocrine disruptors: a qualitative method of assessment. Environ Health 2015; 14:13. [PMID: 25971433 PMCID: PMC4429934 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-14-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies investigating the effects of endocrine disruptors frequently identify potential unconventional dose-response relationships called non-monotonic dose-response (NMDR) relationships. Standardized approaches for investigating NMDR relationships in a risk assessment context are missing. The aim of this work was to develop criteria for assessing the strength of NMDR relationships. A literature search was conducted to identify published studies that report NMDR relationships with endocrine disruptors. Fifty-one experimental studies that investigated various effects associated with endocrine disruption elicited by many substances were selected. Scoring criteria were applied by adaptation of an approach previously used for identification of hormesis-type dose-response relationships. Out of the 148 NMDR relationships analyzed, 82 were categorized with this method as having a "moderate" to "high" level of plausibility for various effects. Numerous modes of action described in the literature can explain such phenomena. NMDR can arise from numerous molecular mechanisms such as opposing effects induced by multiple receptors differing by their affinity, receptor desensitization, negative feedback with increasing dose, or dose-dependent metabolism modulation. A stepwise decision tree was developed as a tool to standardize the analysis of NMDR relationships observed in the literature with the final aim to use these results in a Risk Assessment purpose. This decision tree was finally applied to studies focused on the effects of bisphenol A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lagarde
- />Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Claire Beausoleil
- />Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Scott M Belcher
- />Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Luc P Belzunces
- />INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 A&E, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Michel Guerbet
- />Université de Rouen, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, UR 4651 ABTE, 76183 Rouen Cedex 1, France
| | - Christophe Rousselle
- />Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
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Li D, Johanson G, Emond C, Carlander U, Philbert M, Jolliet O. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of polyethylene glycol-coated polyacrylamide nanoparticles in rats. Nanotoxicology 2014; 8 Suppl 1:128-37. [PMID: 24392664 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.863406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles' health risks depend on their biodistribution in the body. Phagocytosis may greatly affect this distribution but has not yet explicitly accounted for in whole body pharmacokinetic models. Here, we present a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model that includes phagocytosis of nanoparticles to explore the biodistribution of intravenously injected polyethylene glycol-coated polyacrylamide nanoparticles in rats. The model explains 97% of the observed variation in nanoparticles amounts across organs. According to the model, phagocytizing cells quickly capture nanoparticles until their saturation and thereby constitute a major reservoir in richly perfused organs (spleen, liver, bone marrow, lungs, heart and kidneys), storing 83% of the nanoparticles found in these organs 120 h after injection. Key determinants of the nanoparticles biodistribution are the uptake capacities of phagocytizing cells in organs, the partitioning between tissue and blood, and the permeability between capillary blood and tissues. This framework can be extended to other types of nanoparticles by adapting these determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingsheng Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
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Emond C, Sanders JM, Wikoff D, Birnbaum LS. Proposed mechanistic description of dose-dependent BDE-47 urinary elimination in mice using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:335-44. [PMID: 24055880 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used in a wide variety of consumer applications as additive flame retardants. In North America, scientists have noted continuing increases in the levels of PBDE congeners measured in human serum. Some recent studies have found that PBDEs are associated with adverse health effects in humans, in experimental animals, and wildlife. This laboratory previously demonstrated that urinary elimination of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is saturable at high doses in mice; however, this dose-dependent urinary elimination has not been observed in adult rats or immature mice. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to examine the mechanism of urinary elimination of BDE-47 in adult mice using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. To support this objective, additional laboratory data were collected to evaluate the predictions of the PBPK model using novel information from adult multi-drug resistance 1a/b knockout mice. Using the PBPK model, the roles of mouse major urinary protein (a blood protein carrier) and P-glycoprotein (an apical membrane transporter in proximal tubule cells in the kidneys, brain, intestines, and liver) were investigated in BDE-47 elimination. The resulting model and new data supported the major role of m-MUP in excretion of BDE-47 in the urine of adult mice, and a lesser role of P-gp as a transporter of BDE-47 in mice. This work expands the knowledge of BDE-47 kinetics between species and provides information for determining the relevancy of these data for human risk assessment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Emond
- BioSimulation Consulting Inc., Newark, DE, USA; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medicine Faculty, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Li D, Emond C, Johanson G, Jolliet O. Using a PBPK model to study the influence of different characteristics of nanoparticles on their biodistribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/429/1/012019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Emond C, Kouassi S, Schuster F. Development of an Integrative Program of Nanosafety: Promote the Coordination Between Industries and Risk Assessor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/429/1/012070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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La Merrill M, Emond C, Kim MJ, Antignac JP, Le Bizec B, Clément K, Birnbaum LS, Barouki R. Toxicological function of adipose tissue: focus on persistent organic pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:162-9. [PMID: 23221922 PMCID: PMC3569688 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue (AT) is involved in several physiological functions, including metabolic regulation, energy storage, and endocrine functions. OBJECTIVES In this review we examined the evidence that an additional function of AT is to modulate persistent organic pollutant (POP) toxicity through several mechanisms. METHODS We reviewed the literature on the interaction of AT with POPs to provide a comprehensive model for this additional function of AT. DISCUSSION As a storage compartment for lipophilic POPs, AT plays a critical role in the toxicokinetics of a variety of drugs and pollutants, in particular, POPs. By sequestering POPs, AT can protect other organs and tissues from POPs overload. However, this protective function could prove to be a threat in the long run. The accumulation of lipophilic POPs will increase total body burden. These accumulated POPs are slowly released into the bloodstream, and more so during weight loss. Thus, AT constitutes a continual source of internal exposure to POPs. In addition to its buffering function, AT is also a target of POPs and may mediate part of their metabolic effects. This is particularly relevant because many POPs induce obesogenic effects that may lead to quantitative and qualitative alterations of AT. Some POPs also induce a proinflammatory state in AT, which may lead to detrimental metabolic effects. CONCLUSION AT appears to play diverse functions both as a modulator and as a target of POPs toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele La Merrill
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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27
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Amiot MJ, Romier B, Dao TMA, Fanciullino R, Ciccolini J, Burcelin R, Pechere L, Emond C, Savouret JF, Seree E. Optimization of trans-Resveratrol bioavailability for human therapy. Biochimie 2013; 95:1233-8. [PMID: 23376875 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an innovative soluble galenic form to overcome the low absorption of trans-Resveratrol (t-Res) as a dry powder. We present here data on pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and toxicity of t-Res in human volunteers treated with this soluble form, plus additional data on biological effects in rodents. Fifteen healthy volunteers of both sexes received 40 mg of t-Res in two forms, the soluble formulation (caplets) and the original powder (capsules), in a crossover design. Blood samples were collected at 15 min, 30 min, and every hour for 5 h. Plasma concentrations of t-Res and its metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The single dose (40 mg) of the soluble t-Res was well absorbed and elicited biologically efficient blood levels (0.1-6 μM) for several hours, despite metabolization into glucuronide and sulfate conjugates coupled to renal elimination. In contrast, t-Res administered as a dry powder barely elicited efficient blood levels for a short duration. The new formulation led to 8.8-fold higher t-Res levels in plasma versus the powder. t-Res metabolism was not modified and neither intolerance nor toxicity were observed during the study and the following week. The soluble formulation elicited a robust anti-inflammatory effect in various tissues of mice fed a high-fat diet, while dry powder t-Res was almost inactive. Our data suggest that significant improvements in t-Res bioavailability and efficiency can be obtained by this soluble galenic form, also allowing lower doses. The use of t-Res in human therapy is thus greatly facilitated and the toxicity risk is reduced.
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28
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Humblet O, Korrick SA, Williams PL, Sergeyev O, Emond C, Birnbaum LS, Burns JS, Altshul LM, Patterson DG, Turner WE, Lee MM, Revich B, Hauser R. Genetic modification of the association between peripubertal dioxin exposure and pubertal onset in a cohort of Russian boys. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:111-117. [PMID: 23060366 PMCID: PMC3546349 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to dioxins has been associated with delayed pubertal onset in both epidemiologic and animal studies. Whether genetic polymorphisms may modify this association is currently unknown. Identifying such genes could provide insight into mechanistic pathways. This is one of the first studies to assess genetic susceptibility to dioxins. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether common polymorphisms in genes affecting either molecular responses to dioxin exposure or pubertal onset influence the association between peripubertal serum dioxin concentration and male pubertal onset. METHODS In this prospective cohort of Russian adolescent boys (n = 392), we assessed gene-environment interactions for 337 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 46 candidate genes and two intergenic regions. Dioxins were measured in the boys' serum at age 8-9 years. Pubertal onset was based on testicular volume and on genitalia staging. Statistical approaches for controlling for multiple testing were used, both with and without prescreening for marginal genetic associations. RESULTS After accounting for multiple testing, two tag SNPs in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR/NR3C1) gene and one in the estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) gene were significant (q < 0.2) modifiers of the association between peripubertal serum dioxin concentration and male pubertal onset defined by genitalia staging, although not by testicular volume. The results were sensitive to whether multiple comparison adjustment was applied to all gene-environment tests or only to those with marginal genetic associations. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor and estrogen receptor-α genes may modify the association between peripubertal serum dioxin concentration and pubertal onset. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Humblet
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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29
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Rousselle C, Ormsby JN, Schaefer B, Lampen A, Platzek T, Hirsch-Ernst K, Warholm M, Oskarsson A, Nielsen PJ, Holmer ML, Emond C. Meeting report: international workshop on endocrine disruptors: exposure and potential impact on consumers health. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 65:7-11. [PMID: 23211416 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses) hosted a two-day workshop on Endocrine Disruptors: Exposure and Potential Impact on Consumers Health, bringing together participants from international organizations, academia, research institutes and from German, Swedish, Danish and French governmental agencies. The main objective of the workshop was to share knowledge and experiences on endocrine disruptors (ED) exposure and potential impact on consumers' health, to identify current risk assessment practices and knowledge gaps and issue recommendations on research needs and future collaboration. The following topics were reviewed: (1) Definition of ED, (2) endpoints to be considered for Risk assessment (RA) of ED, (3) non-monotonic dose response curves, (4) studies to be considered for RA (regulatory versus academic studies), (5) point of departure and uncertainty factors, (6) exposure assessment, (7) regulatory issues related to ED. The opinions expressed during this workshop reflect day-to-day experiences from scientists, regulators, researchers, and others from many different countries in the fields of risk assessment, and were regarded by the attendees as an important basis for further discussions. Accordingly, the participants underlined the need for more exchange in the future to share experiences and improve the methodology related to risk assessment for endocrine disrupters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rousselle
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Risk Assessment Department, France.
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Rousselle C, Beausoleil C, Belzunces L, Cravedi JP, Ezratty V, Kolf-Clauw M, Emond C. Bisphenol A at low doses: Non reprotoxic health effects. Toxicol Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Emond C. A systematic comparison between young and older workers: handling chemicals exposure. Toxicol Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vyskocil A, Truchon G, Leroux T, Lemay F, Gendron M, Gagnon F, Majidi NE, Boudjerida A, Lim S, Emond C, Viau C. A weight of evidence approach for the assessment of the ototoxic potential of industrial chemicals. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:796-819. [PMID: 22064681 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711425067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating epidemiological evidence that exposure to some solvents, metals, asphyxiants and other substances in humans is associated with an increased risk of acquiring hearing loss. Furthermore, simultaneous and successive exposure to certain chemicals along with noise can increase the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss. There are no regulations that require hearing monitoring of workers who are employed at locations in which occupational exposure to potentially ototoxic chemicals occurs in the absence of noise exposure. This project was undertaken to develop a toxicological database allowing the identification of possible ototoxic substances present in the work environment alone or in combination with noise exposure. Critical toxicological data were compiled for chemical substances included in the Quebec occupational health regulation. The data were evaluated only for noise exposure levels that can be encountered in the workplace and for realistic exposure concentrations up to the short-term exposure limit or ceiling value (CV) or 5 times the 8-h time-weighted average occupational exposure limit (TWA OEL) for human data and up to 100 times the 8-h TWA OEL or CV for animal studies. In total, 224 studies (in 150 articles of which 44 evaluated the combined exposure to noise and a chemical) covering 29 substances were evaluated using a weight of evidence approach. For the majority of cases where potential ototoxicity was previously proposed, there is a paucity of toxicological data in the primary literature. Human and animal studies indicate that lead, styrene, toluene and trichloroethylene are ototoxic and ethyl benzene, n-hexane and p-xylene are possibly ototoxic at concentrations that are relevant to the occupational setting. Carbon monoxide appears to exacerbate noise-induced hearing dysfunction. Toluene interacts with noise to induce more severe hearing losses than the noise alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vyskocil
- Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Canada.
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Humblet O, Sergeyev O, Altshul L, Korrick SA, Williams PL, Emond C, Birnbaum LS, Burns JS, Lee MM, Revich B, Shelepchikov A, Feshin D, Hauser R. Temporal trends in serum concentrations of polychlorinated dioxins, furans, and PCBs among adult women living in Chapaevsk, Russia: a longitudinal study from 2000 to 2009. Environ Health 2011; 10:62. [PMID: 21696632 PMCID: PMC3142486 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-10-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study assessed the temporal trend in serum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls (PCBs) among residents of a Russian town where levels of these chemicals are elevated due to prior industrial activity. METHODS Two serum samples were collected from eight adult women (in 2000 and 2009), and analyzed with gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS The average total toxic equivalency (TEQ) decreased by 30% (from 36 to 25 pg/g lipid), and the average sum of PCB congeners decreased by 19% (from 291 to 211 ng/g lipid). Total TEQs decreased for seven of the eight women, and the sum of PCBs decreased for six of eight women. During this nine year period, larger decreases in serum TEQs and PCBs were found in women with greater increases in body mass index. CONCLUSIONS This study provides suggestive evidence that average serum concentrations of dioxins, furans, and PCBs are decreasing over time among residents of this town.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Humblet
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oleg Sergeyev
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
- Chapaevsk Medical Association, Chapaevsk, Russia
| | - Larisa Altshul
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Inc., Needham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan A Korrick
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claude Emond
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- BioSimulation Consulting Inc., Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jane S Burns
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary M Lee
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Boris Revich
- Center for Demography and Human Ecology, Institute for Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Shelepchikov
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Feshin
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Russ Hauser
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Humblet O, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Sergeyev O, Emond C, Birnbaum LS, Burns JS, Altshul L, Patterson DG, Turner WE, Lee MM, Revich B, Hauser R. Predictors of serum dioxin, furan, and PCB concentrations among women from Chapaevsk, Russia. Environ Sci Technol 2010; 44:5633-40. [PMID: 20578718 PMCID: PMC3128795 DOI: 10.1021/es100976j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and bioaccumulative toxic chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment. We assessed predictors of their serum concentrations among women living in a Russian town contaminated by past industrial activity. Blood samples from 446 mothers aged 23-52 years were collected between 2003-2005 as part of the Russian Children's Study. Serum dioxin, furan, and PCB concentrations were quantified using high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Potential determinants of exposure were collected through interviews. Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify predictors of serum concentrations and toxic equivalencies (TEQs). The median total PCB concentrations and total TEQs were 260 ng/g lipid and 25 pg TEQ/g lipid, respectively. In multivariate analyses, both total PCB concentrations and total TEQs increased significantly with age, residential proximity to a local chemical plant, duration of local farming, and consumption of local beef. Both decreased with longer breastfeeding, recent increases in body mass index, and later blood draw date. These demographic and lifestyle predictors showed generally similar associations with the various measures of serum dioxins, furans, and PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Humblet
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paige L. Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan A. Korrick
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Oleg Sergeyev
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
- Chapaevsk Medical Association, Chapaevsk, Russia
| | - Claude Emond
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jane S. Burns
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Larisa Altshul
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Inc., Needham, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Mary M. Lee
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Boris Revich
- Center for Demography and Human Ecology, Institute for Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Russ Hauser
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding author: Russ Hauser, MD, ScD, MPH, Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I, room 1405, Boston, MA 02115,
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Louis S, Gagne F, Auclair J, Turcotte P, Gagnon C, Emond C. The characterisation of the behaviour and gill toxicity of CdS/CdTe quantum dots in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbnn.2010.034125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Emond C, Raymer JH, Studabaker WB, Garner CE, Birnbaum LS. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for developmental exposure to BDE-47 in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 242:290-8. [PMID: 19883674 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used commercially as additive flame retardants and have been shown to transfer into environmental compartments, where they have the potential to bioaccumulate in wildlife and humans. Of the 209 possible PBDEs, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is usually the dominant congener found in human blood and milk samples. BDE-47 has been shown to have endocrine activity and produce developmental, reproductive, and neurotoxic effects. The objective of this study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for BDE-47 in male and female (pregnant and non-pregnant) adult rats to facilitate investigations of developmental exposure. This model consists of eight compartments: liver, brain, adipose tissue, kidney, placenta, fetus, blood, and the rest of the body. Concentrations of BDE-47 from the literature and from maternal-fetal pharmacokinetic studies conducted at RTI International were used to parameterize and evaluate the model. The results showed that the model simulated BDE-47 tissue concentrations in adult male, maternal, and fetal compartments within the standard deviations of the experimental data. The model's ability to estimate BDE-47 concentrations in the fetus after maternal exposure will be useful to design in utero exposure/effect studies. This PBPK model is the first one designed for any PBDE pharmaco/toxicokinetic description. The next steps will be to expand this model to simulate BDE-47 pharmacokinetics and distributions across species (mice), and then extrapolate it to humans. After mouse and human model development, additional PBDE congeners will be incorporated into the model and simulated as a mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Emond
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7.
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37
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Pelekis M, Emond C. Physiological modeling and derivation of the rat to human toxicokinetic uncertainty factor for the carbamate pesticide aldicarb. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 28:179-191. [PMID: 21784001 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aldicarb (ALD, 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-propionalaldehyde O-(methyl-carbamoyl) oxime, Temik) is widely used as an insecticide, nematocide and acaricide and it is oxidized to aldicarb sulfoxide (ALX) and aldicarb sulfone (ALU). Neither a toxicokinetic model nor an estimate of the target tissue dose of ALD and its metabolites in exposed organisms is available. The objective of this study was: (i) to develop a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for ALD in the rat and humans, and (ii) to determine the interspecies toxicokinetic uncertainty factor (UF(AH-TK)) of ALD. The model consists of a series of mass balance differential equations that describe the time course behavior of ALD in blood, liver, kidney, lungs, brain, fat, and rest of the body compartments. The physiological parameters of the model (blood flow rates, cardiac output, and tissue volumes) were obtained from the literature, while the maximum velocity (mg/kg/min) and the Michaelis constant (mg/l) for ALD oxidation in rats and humans were determined by in vitro AH-TK microsomal assays. The estimation of the tissue:blood partition coefficient was accomplished within the PBTK model by representing the tissues as a composite of neutral lipids, phospholipids and water, and providing the vegetable oil:water partition coefficient as input parameter. The validity of the rat PBTK model was assessed by comparing the model simulations of ALX time course blood concentrations and the inhibition patterns of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes and plasma obtained by administering rats ALD (0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg, iv). The human PBTK model was validated by comparing the simulations of AChE inhibition patterns in blood with human experimental data obtained from oral administrations of ALD. The UF(AH-TK) for ALD was determined by dividing the areas under the blood and brain concentration vs time curve (AUCCV, AUCCBR) for ALD and ALX in the rat and in human exposed to the same dose. The results indicate that with respect to parent chemical, equivalent applied doses in rats and humans result in a 9.5-fold difference in the AUC(CV) and AUC(AH-TK) respectively, in the two species, and 17-fold difference in the AUC(CV) and AUC(CBR) with respect to the metabolite. In other words, in order to have toxicokinetic equivalence in rats and humans, the former species must be exposed to a dose that is 9.5 and 17 times higher than the human with respect to the parent chemical and the metabolite respectively. Overall, the present study demonstrates the applicability of PBTK models in the quantitative evaluation of UH(AH-TK), and shows that their current default values are inaccurate, at least with respect to ALD, which has potential negative implications in the alleged protection of risk estimates derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pelekis
- Pelekis Group, P.O. Box 415, Nazareth, PA 18064, USA.
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Milbrath MO, Wenger Y, Chang CW, Emond C, Garabrant D, Gillespie BW, Jolliet O. Apparent half-lives of dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls as a function of age, body fat, smoking status, and breast-feeding. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117:417-25. [PMID: 19337517 PMCID: PMC2661912 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we reviewed the half-life data in the literature for the 29 dioxin, furan, and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners named in the World Health Organization toxic equivalency factor scheme, with the aim of providing a reference value for the half-life of each congener in the human body and a method of half-life estimation that accounts for an individual's personal characteristics. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION We compared data from >30 studies containing congener-specific elimination rates. Half-life data were extracted and compiled into a summary table. We then created a subset of these data based on defined exclusionary criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS We defined values for each congener that approximate the half-life in an infant and in an adult. A linear interpolation of these values was used to examine the relationship between half-life and age, percent body fat, and absolute body fat. We developed predictive equations based on these relationships and adjustments for individual characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The half-life of dioxins in the body can be predicted using a linear relationship with age adjusted for body fat, smoking, and breast-feeding. Data suggest an alternative method based on a linear relationship between half-life and total body fat, but this approach requires further testing and validation with individual measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan O'Grady Milbrath
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, USA.
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Emond C, Krishnan K. A Physiological Pharmacokinetic Model Based on Tissue Lipid Content for Simulating Inhalation Pharmacokinetics of Highly Lipophilic Volatile Organic Chemicals. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 16:395-403. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510600860474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
The issue of dermal absorption of beryllium (Be) particles through intact healthy skin has not yet been demonstrated. The interest in Be dermal exposure as a potential pathway for toxic effects was emphasized in Quebec (Canada) when a recycling industry processing spent pot lining (SPL) related to the aluminum industry was recently requested by health authorities to conduct a Be particle size study and to provide a Tyvek coverall for full skin protection of workers. This study aimed to (1) calculate the dermal and inhalation exposures and (2) apply the results to the case study of a recycling SPL industry. Airborne dust was sampled in order to determine Be particles size. Exposure assessment via the skin and the respiratory routes was measured over a working day using standard calculations. The assessment of workers' clothing protection was obtained by swiping the skin on the forearm and upper front leg before and after exposure. Respirable Be (0.044 microg) was 23% of the total Be (0.19 microg). Be particles with a median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 0.93 and below totaled 0.0103 microg (5% of BeT). The daily dose for the respiratory route was calculated to be 0.022 microg/kg/d, while the daily doses for the dermal route varied between 0.027 x 10(-7) microg/kg/d and 0.025 x 10(-3) microg/kg/d. After exposure, no Be was found on the skin of workers wearing a cotton coverall protection. When using a polyester coverall, minor amounts of Be were found. These results showed that dermal daily dose exposure is negligible. However, note that the case study did not involve handling of contaminated items by the workers, which lead to significant dermal exposure if care is not taken. Although daily dermal exposure may be small, because of uncertainties, a precautionary principle should be applied in an active sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Emond
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and GRIS (Interdisciplinary Health Research Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Emond C, Lapointe C, Vyskocil A. Interactions between chemicals and drugs in the workplace. Toxicol Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.06.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Emond C, Birnbaum LS, DeVito MJ. Use of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for rats to study the influence of body fat mass and induction of CYP1A2 on the pharmacokinetics of TCDD. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114:1394-400. [PMID: 16966094 PMCID: PMC1570044 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a highly lipophilic chemical that distributes into adipose tissue, especially at low doses. However, at high doses TCDD sequesters in liver because it induces cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) that binds TCDD. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed that included an inducible elimination rate of TCDD in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Objectives of this work were to characterize the influence of induction of CYP1A2 and adipose tissue mass fraction on the terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) of TCDD using this PBPK model. When the model assumes a fixed elimination of TCDD, t1/2 increases with dose, due to hepatic sequestration. Because experimental data indicate that the t1/2 of TCDD decreases with dose, the model was modified to include an inducible elimination rate. The PBPK model was then used to compare the t1/2 after an increase of adipose tissue mass fraction from 6.9 to 70%. The model suggests that at low exposures, increasing adipose tissue mass increases the terminal t1/2. However, at higher exposures, as CYP1A2 is induced, the relationship between adipose tissue mass and t1/2 reaches a plateau. This demonstrates that an inducible elimination rate is needed in a PBPK model in order to describe the pharmacokinetics of TCDD. At low exposures these models are more sensitive to parameters related to partitioning into adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Emond
- National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Department, Medicine Faculty, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J. DeVito
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to M.J. DeVito, U.S. EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Division, Pharmacokinetics Branch, Mail Drop B143-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Telephone: (919) 541-0061. Fax: (919) 541-4284. E-mail:
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Emond C, Michalek JE, Birnbaum LS, DeVito MJ. Comparison of the use of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model and a classical pharmacokinetic model for dioxin exposure assessments. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113:1666-8. [PMID: 16330344 PMCID: PMC1314902 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In epidemiologic studies, exposure assessments of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) assume a fixed elimination rate. Recent data suggest a dose-dependent elimination rate for TCDD. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, which uses a body-burden-dependent elimination rate, was developed previously in rodents to describe the pharmacokinetics of TCDD and has been extrapolated to human exposure for this study. Optimizations were performed using data from a random selection of veterans from the Ranch Hand cohort and data from a human volunteer who was exposed to TCDD. Assessment of this PBPK model used additional data from the Ranch Hand cohort and a clinical report of two women exposed to TCDD. This PBPK model suggests that previous exposure assessments may have significantly underestimated peak blood concentrations, resulting in potential exposure misclassifications. Application of a PBPK model that incorporates an inducible elimination of TCDD may improve the exposure assessments in epidemiologic studies of TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Emond
- National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Emond C, Charbonneau M, Krishnan K. Physiologically based modeling of the accumulation in plasma and tissue lipids of a mixture of PCB congeners in female Sprague-Dawley rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2005; 68:1393-412. [PMID: 16009653 DOI: 10.1080/15287390590956551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a physiologically based model for simulating the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in tissue and plasma lipids of rats exposed to PCB mixtures. The model was based on the assumption that the neutral lipid fraction is the only critical determinant of the tissue distribution of PCBs, and that the solubility/retention in other tissue components is negligible. The volumes of the model compartments reflected the volumes of neutral lipids, whereas the flow rates corresponded to those of the neutral lipids in blood. Since the equilibrium ratio of PCB concentrations in neutral lipids of tissues and plasma equals 1, the present modeling approach does not require the use of tissue:blood partition coefficients. Metabolism rates were derived from the best visual fit of the model to the PCB concentrations in hepatic lipids determined on d 41 and 90 in rats exposed to a mixture containing 5, 50, or 500 microg PCBs (118, 138, 153, 170, 180 and 187) per kilogram body weight according to various protocols: (a) every-day dosing, (b) once-a-week dosing, (c) consecutive dosing for 13 d with no further treatment, and (d) 13 irregularly spaced doses. The resulting model consistently simulated the concentrations of PCBs in adipose tissue and plasma lipids of rats exposed according to the four described protocols. The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model developed in this study should be useful as a basis for interpretating blood or plasma lipid concentration data on PCBs collected during biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Emond
- Groupe de recherche en toxicologie humaine (TOXHUM), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Chagnon YC, Mérette C, Bouchard RH, Emond C, Roy MA, Maziade M. A genome wide linkage study of obesity as secondary effect of antipsychotics in multigenerational families of eastern Quebec affected by psychoses. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9:1067-74. [PMID: 15224101 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotics can induce in schizophrenic (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) patients serious body weight changes that increase risk for noncompliance to medication, and risk for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. A genetic origin for this susceptibility to weight changes has been hypothesized because only a proportion of treated patients are affected, the degree of affection differing also in rates and magnitudes. In a first genome scan on obesity under antipsychotics in SZ and BP, we analyzed 21 multigenerational kindreds (508 family members) including several patients treated for a minimum of 3 years mainly with haloperidol or chlopromazine. Obesity was defined from medical files and was shown to be 2.5 times more frequent in patients treated with antipsychotics than in untreated family members (30 vs 12%). The nine pedigrees that showed at least two occurrences of obesity under antipsychotics were submitted to model-based linkage analyses. We observed a suggestive linkage with a multipoint Lod score (MLS) of 2.74 at 12q24. This linkage finding vanished when we used as phenotypes, obesity unrelated to antipsychotics, and when we used SZ or BP. This suggests that this positive linkage result with obesity is specific to the use of antipsychotics. A potential candidate gene for this linkage is the pro-melanin-concentrating hormone (PMCH) gene located at less then 1 cM of the linkage. PMCH encodes a neuropeptide involved in the control of food intake, energy expenditure, and in anxiety/depression. This first genome scan targeting the obesity side effect of antipsychotics identified 12q24 as a susceptibility region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chagnon
- Laval University Research Center Robert-Giffard, Beauport, Québec G1J 2B3, Canada.
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Vuong T, Parent J, Portelance L, Bourdon G, Emond C, Belliveau P, Richard C, Owen D, Meterissian S, Latulippe J, Stein B, Compton C. Preoperative high dose rate endorectal brachytherapy (HDREBT) for locally advanced operable rectal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent developmental toxicant in rodents, and these effects occur at exposures similar to background human body burdens. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model can aid in quantitatively describing the relationship between exposure, dose, and response. The aim of this work was the development a PBPK model to describe the relationship between maternal TCDD exposure and fetal TCDD concentrations during critical windows of susceptibility in the rat. This PBPK model is a modification of an eight-compartment model that describes the adult female rat. The modified model reduces the compartments from eight to four maternal compartments (liver, fat, placenta and rest of the body). Activation of the placental compartment and a separate fetal compartment occurs during gestation. The systemic circulation connects the maternal compartments. The physiological and biochemical parameters were obtained from the literature. The model validation used experimental data from acute and subchronic exposures prior to and during gestation. The simulations predict the TCDD tissue concentrations of the maternal compartments within the standard deviation of the experimental data. The model overestimates the fetal concentrations by approximately a factor of two at low subchronic exposures, but does predict the fetal tissue concentrations within the range of the experimental data at the higher exposures. This model may provide a framework for the development of a human PBPK model to estimate fetal TCDD concentrations in human health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Emond
- National Research Council, Washington, District of Columbia 20001, USA
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Nguyen D, Emond C, Leclerc Y, Sherman I, Dube P. Pharmacokinetics studies and toxicity profile of raltitrexed used by intraperitoneal route in normothermia in a pig model. Med Sci Monit 2003; 9:BR37-42. [PMID: 12552235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To define the pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile of raltitrexed administered by intraperitoneal route in a normothermic pig model. MATERIAL/METHODS Twenty-one female pigs were divided in three groups. Under general anesthesia, pigs in groups 1 and 2 underwent laparotomy with resection of a small hepatic wedge, bowel anastomosis and portal and systemic vein catheterization. This was followed by an intraperitioneal delivery of raltitrexed: a dose of 1 mg was given to group 1 pigs, whereas group 2 received 2 mg. Serial sampling of portal blood, systemic blood and peritoneal fluid was then undertaken in both groups for pharmacokinetics studies. Pigs were followed daily for a period of 10 days after surgery with recordings of signs of toxicity. On day 10, an exploratory laparotomy was undertaken on each pig in order to assess peritoneal toxicity after which they were euthanized. Pigs in group 3 were used for bioavailability evaluation. RESULTS Three deaths were recorded within 24 hours of surgery; a technical problem was identified in all cases and no deaths were the results of raltitrexed toxicity. A peritoneo-plasma gradient of 100:1 was obtained. Cmax in plasma were of 28 ng/ml and 54 ng/ml for group 1 and 2, respectively. Tmax were 180 min for both groups. AUCplasmatic was double in the 2 mg group compared to the 1 mg group. CONCLUSIONS Raltitrexed administered by IP route in pigs is non-toxic. Pharmacologically, there are few interindividual variations and the small first-past effect did not significantly alter the high peritoneo-plasmatic gradient
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Mérette C, Brassard A, Potvin A, Bouvier H, Rousseau F, Emond C, Bissonnette L, Roy MA, Maziade M, Ott J, Caron C. Significant linkage for Tourette syndrome in a large French Canadian family. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67:1008-13. [PMID: 10986045 PMCID: PMC1287871 DOI: 10.1086/303093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2000] [Accepted: 08/08/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Family and twin studies provide strong evidence that genetic factors are involved in the transmission of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) and related psychiatric disorders. To detect the underlying susceptibility gene(s) for TS, we performed linkage analysis in one large French Canadian family (127 members) from the Charlevoix region, in which 20 family members were definitely affected by TS and 20 others showed related tic disorders. Using model-based linkage analysis, we observed a LOD score of 3.24 on chromosome 11 (11q23). This result was obtained in a multipoint approach involving marker D11S1377, the marker for which significant linkage disequilibrium with TS recently has been detected in an Afrikaner population. Altogether, 25 markers were studied, and, for level of significance, we derived a criterion that took into account the multiple testing arising from the use of three phenotype definitions and three modes of inheritance, a procedure that yielded a LOD score of 3.18. Hence, even after adjustment for multiple testing, the present study shows statistically significant evidence for genetic linkage with TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mérette
- Centre de recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Beauport, Québec, G1J 2G3 Canada.
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Ferri LE, Onerheim R, Emond C. Linitis plastica as the first indication of metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast: case report and literature review. Can J Surg 1999; 42:466-9. [PMID: 10593250 PMCID: PMC3795142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L E Ferri
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal
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