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Hasan M, Tripathi K, Harun M, Krishnan V, Kaushik R, Chawla G, Shakil NA, Verma M, Dahuja A, Sachdev A, Lorezo JM, Kumar M. Unravelling the effect of extraction on anthocyanin functionality and prebiotic potential. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31780. [PMID: 38867956 PMCID: PMC11167309 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins, considered as prebiotic ingredients for functional foods, were extracted from black soybean (BS), black grape (BG), black carrot (BCPm), and black rice (BR) using conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The study employed a split-plot design with CSE and MAE as main plot factors and anthocyanin extracts (AEs) as subplot factors. Anthocyanins were evaluated for stability (polymeric color, degradation index) and functionality (antioxidant capacity). Prebiotic potential on Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Weissella confusa was assessed in fermented soymilk. MAE showed higher extraction yield than CSE in BG (3-fold), BS (2-fold), BCPm (1.2-fold), and BR (1.6-fold). Black grape (1255.76 mg/L) and black soybean (976.5 mg/L) had highest anthocyanin with better stability, functionality, and prebiotic potential. The SCFA concentration (propionic acid and butyric acid) increased significantly in BG fortified-fermented soymilk. Overall, anthocyanin-enriched soymilk exhibited higher prebiotic potential, with MAE as the superior extraction method for anthocyanin functionality and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Hasan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
- Centre of Excellence for Soybean Processing and Utilisation, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal-462038, India
| | - Kailashpati Tripathi
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Mohd Harun
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Rajeev Kaushik
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Gautam Chawla
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Najam A. Shakil
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - M.K. Verma
- Division of Fruits and Horticulture Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Jose M. Lorezo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ouren-se, Spain
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
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Liao G, Kang J, Zhang H, Cui Y, Xiong S, Liu Y. Covalent and non-covalent interaction of myofibrillar protein and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside: focus on structure, binding sites and in vitro digestion properties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:905-915. [PMID: 37699084 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of covalent and non-covalent interactions between myofibrillar protein (MP) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) on protein structure, binding sites, and digestion properties. Four methods of inducing covalent cross-linking were used in the preparation of MP-C3G conjugates, including tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation, alkaline pH shift treatment, free radical grafting, and ultrasonic treatment. A comparison was made between MP-C3G conjugates and complexes, and the analysis included sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), C3G binding ratio, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), protein side-chain amino acids, circular dichroism spectroscopy, three-dimensional fluorescence, particle size, and in vitro simulated digestion. RESULTS Covalent bonding between C3G and amino acid side chains in MP was confirmed by LC-MS/MS. In covalent bonding, tryptophan residues, free amino groups and sulfhydryl groups were all implicated. Among the 22 peptides covalently modified by C3G, 30 modification sites were identified, located in lysine, histidine, tryptophan, arginine and cysteine. In vitro simulated digestion experiments showed that the addition of C3G significantly reduced the digestibility of MP, with the covalent conjugate showing lower digestibility than the non-covalent conjugate. Moreover, the digestibility of protein decreased more during intestinal digestion, possibly because covalent cross-linking of C3G and MP further inhibited trypsin targeting sites (lysine and arginine). CONCLUSION Covalent cross-linking of C3G with myofibrillar proteins significantly affected protein structure and reduced protein digestibility by occupying more trypsin binding sites. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Liao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Kang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanbai Xiong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Youming Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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do Nascimento JV, Silva KA, Giuliangeli VC, Mendes ALD, Piai LP, Michels RN, Dal Bosco TC, Ströher GR, Shirai MA. Starch-PVA based films with Clitoria ternatea flower extract: Characterization, phenolic compounds release and compostability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128232. [PMID: 37981283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic release of phenolic compounds from biodegradable films with Clitoria ternatea flower extract (ECT) in different food-simulant fluids and compostability were evaluated for the first time. This work aimed to incorporate ECT in starch-PVA-based film formulations, and the antioxidant capacity, total phenolic compounds, opacity, color, mechanical properties, compostability, and polyphenol release in different fluid simulants were determined. The results obtained showed that antioxidant activity and the total phenolic compounds were ECT dose dependent. Due to its antioxidant properties, ECT interfered with the film's composting process, reaching an average weight loss of 70 %. Additionally, the addition of ECT interfered with the mechanical properties, reducing the tensile strength, probably due to the plasticizer effect. The type of simulating fluid influenced the release of polyphenols from the films, and the presence of water favored the release because it hydrated and swelled the starch-PVA matrix, facilitating diffusion. The classic zero- and first-order models were the most effective in describing the release kinetics of polyphenols from the films. The results of this study demonstrate that the antioxidant potential and the release of polyphenols from starch-PVA-based films in different simulated fluids allow their application in active packaging, making them a sustainable alternative for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vanessa Cipriani Giuliangeli
- Post-graduate Program in Food Technology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, PR 86036-370, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Paloma Piai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Roger Nabeyama Michels
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Gylles Ricardo Ströher
- Post-graduate program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Apucarana, Brazil
| | - Marianne Ayumi Shirai
- Post-graduate Program in Food Technology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, PR 86036-370, Brazil.
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Li Q, Zhang F, Wang Z, Feng Y, Han Y. Advances in the Preparation, Stability, Metabolism, and Physiological Roles of Anthocyanins: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3969. [PMID: 37959087 PMCID: PMC10647620 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural flavonoid polyphenolic compounds widely found in fruits and vegetables. They exhibit antioxidant properties and prophylactic effects in the immune and cardiovascular systems, confer protection against cancer, and contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, their incorporation into functional foods, pharmaceuticals, supplements, and cosmetic formulations aims at promoting human well-being. This review comprehensively outlined the structural attributes of anthocyanins, expanding upon diverse methodologies employed for their extraction and production. Additionally, the stability, metabolic pathways, and manifold physiological functions of anthocyanins were discussed. However, their constrained fat solubility, susceptibility to instability, and restricted bioavailability collectively curtail their applicability and therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, a multidimensional approach was imperative, necessitating the exploration of innovative pathways to surmount these limitations, thereby amplifying the utilitarian significance of anthocyanins and furnishing pivotal support for their continual advancement and broader application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fengzhen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yaoze Feng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yahong Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Ortiz A, Sansinenea E. Phenylpropanoid Derivatives and Their Role in Plants' Health and as antimicrobials. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:380. [PMID: 37864088 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids belong to a wide group of compounds commonly secreted by plants and involved in different roles related with plant growth and development and the defense against plant pathogens. Some key intermediates from shikimate pathway are used to synthesize these compounds. In this way, by the phenylpropanoid pathway several building blocks are achieved to obtain flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, monolignols, phenylpropenes, phenolic acids, stilbenes and stilbenoids, and lignin, suberin and sporopollenin for plant-microbe interactions, structural support and mechanical strength, organ pigmentation, UV protection and acting against pathogens. Some reviews have revised phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and regulation of the biosynthetic pathways. In this review, the most important chemical structures about phenylpropanoid derivatives are summarized grouping them in different sections according to their structure. We have put special attention on their different roles in plants especially in plant health, growth and development and plant-environment interactions. Their interaction with microorganisms is discussed including their role as antimicrobials. We summarize all new findings about new developed structures and their involvement in plants health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Ortiz
- Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, 72590, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Estibaliz Sansinenea
- Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, 72590, Puebla, Pue, Mexico.
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6
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Aceves-Luna H, Glossman-Mitnik D, Flores-Holguín N. Permeability of antioxidants through a lipid bilayer model with coarse-grained simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37768552 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2262044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by pollution and lifestyle changes causes an excess of free radicals that react chemically with cell constituents leading to irreversible damage. There are molecules known as antioxidants that reduce the levels of free radicals. Some pigments of fruits and vegetables known as anthocyanins have antioxidant properties. Their interaction with the cell membrane becomes a crucial step in studying these substances. In this research, molecular dynamics simulations, particularly, coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) were used. This technique aims to replace functional groups with corresponding beads that represent their level of polarity and affinities to other chemical groups. Also, umbrella sampling was carried out to obtain free energy profiles that describe well the orientation and location of antioxidants in a membrane considering Trolox, Cyanidin, Gallic Acid, and Resveratrol molecules to study the structural effects they cause on it. It was concluded in this study that an antioxidant when crossing the membrane does not cause either damage to the structural properties or the loss of packing and stratification of phospholipids. it was also observed that the most reactive part of the molecules could easily approach area A prone to lipid oxidation, which can describe the antioxidant capacity of these molecules.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Aceves-Luna
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chihuahua, Chih, Mexico
| | - Daniel Glossman-Mitnik
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chihuahua, Chih, Mexico
| | - Norma Flores-Holguín
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chihuahua, Chih, Mexico
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7
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Wang J, Xue X, Miao X. Antioxidant Effects of Quercetin Nanocrystals in Nanosuspension against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in a Zebrafish Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1209. [PMID: 37765017 PMCID: PMC10536595 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid compound rich in hydroxyl groups, possesses antioxidant properties, whereas its poor water solubility limits its bioavailability. In pursuit of addressing the water solubility of quercetin and comprehending the impact of nanocrystal particle size on antioxidant efficacy, we prepared three different-sized quercetin nanocrystals, namely small (50 nm), medium (140 nm), and large (360 nm), using a nanosuspension method in this study. Within the in vitro setting, assessments employing solubility and radical scavenging assays revealed that quercetin nanocrystals displayed superior solubility (26, 21, and 13 fold corresponding to small, medium, and large particle sizes) and antioxidant performance compared to the coarse quercetin. Furthermore, quercetin nanocrystals of three particle sizes all demonstrated significant protection effects on the survival rate of H2O2-treated zebrafish at 72 h (77.78%, 73.33%, and 66.67% for small, medium, and large particle sizes, respectively), while the coarse quercetin group exhibited a low survival rate (53.3%) similar to the H2O2-treated group (47.8%). Moreover, all quercetin nanocrystals exhibited potent antioxidant capacity on both the antioxidants and enzymatic antioxidant system in H2O2-treated zebrafish to restore zebrafish to a normal state under oxidative stress. For instance, the levels of reactive oxygen species were reduced to 101.10%, 108.83%, and 109.77% of the normal levels for small, medium, and large particle-sized quercetin nanocrystals, respectively. In conclusion, quercetin nanocrystals demonstrated enhanced solubility, robust antioxidant capacity, and protective effects in zebrafish compared to coarse quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.W.); (X.X.)
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xinyue Xue
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaoqing Miao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.W.); (X.X.)
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel K, Jęcek M, Nowak P, Zajdel R. Food Anthocyanins: Malvidin and Its Glycosides as Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents with Potential Health Benefits. Nutrients 2023; 15:3016. [PMID: 37447342 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds that are abundantly present in fruits and vegetables. These compounds contribute to the color of these foods and offer various health benefits to consumers due to their biological properties. There are more than 1000 types of anthocyanins in nature, all derived from 27 anthocyanidin aglycones that have different glycosylations and acylations. Malvidin is one of the most well-known anthocyanidins. Several studies, including those conducted on cell lines, animals, and humans, have suggested that malvidin and its glycosides possess anti-carcinogenic, diabetes-control, cardiovascular-disease-prevention, and brain-function-improvement properties. These health benefits are primarily attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which are influenced by the molecular mechanisms related to the expression and modulation of critical genes. In this article, we review the available information on the biological activity of malvidin and its glycosides concerning their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jęcek
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Nowak
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
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9
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Insight into Green Extraction for Roselle as a Source of Natural Red Pigments: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031336. [PMID: 36771003 PMCID: PMC9919762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a source of anthocyanins as red pigments that is extensively farmed in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Egypt, Mexico, and West India. The roselle plant contains a variety of nutrients, including anthocyanins, organic acids, pectin, etc. Due to the toxicity and combustibility of the solvents, traditional extraction methods for these compounds are restricted. Obtaining pure extracts is typically a lengthy procedure requiring many processes. Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction as a green technology is rapidly improving and extending its application domains. The advantages of this method are zero waste production, quicker extraction times, and reduced solvent consumption. The ScCO2 extraction of natural pigments has great promise in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and textiles, among other uses. The ScCO2 technique for natural pigments may also be advantageous in a variety of other contexts. Due to their minimal environmental risk, the high-quality red pigments of roselle rich in anthocyanins extracted using ScCO2 extraction have a high sustainability potential. Therefore, the objective of this review is to increase knowledge related to the natural colorant of roselle as a substitute for chemically manufactured colorants using ScCO2 as a green method. This article covers ScCO2 extraction, particularly as it relates to the optimization of pigments that promote health. This article focuses on the high extraction efficiency of ScCO2 extraction. Natural colorants extracted via ScCO2 are regarded as safe compounds, especially for human consumption, such as novel functional food additives and textile and pharmaceutical colors.
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Li S, Wang J, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Ma G, Sun X, Yuan J. Preparation of Dendrobium officinale Flower Anthocyanin and Extended Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238608. [PMID: 36500704 PMCID: PMC9741365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Dendrobium officinale flower is a non-medicinal part of the plant, rich in a variety of nutrients and bioactive ingredients. The purpose of this article was to explore the preparation conditions of anthocyanins (ACNs) from the D. officinale flower. Subsequently, its anti-aging effects were evaluated with Caenorhabditis elegans. Results showed that the ACNs had antioxidant activities on scavenging free radicals (DPPH· and ABTS+·), and the clearance rate was positively correlated with the dose. Additionally, ACNs significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in C. elegans, which was 2.068-fold higher than that of the control. Treatment with ACNs at 150 μL extended the lifespan of C. elegans by 56.25%, and treatment with ACNs at 50 μL promoted fecundity in C. elegans. Finally, the protective effect of ACNs enhanced stress resistance, thereby increasing the survival numbers of C. elegans, which provided insights for the development and practical application of functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Li
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321100, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321100, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321100, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321100, China
| | - Guorong Ma
- Zhejiang Lanxi Jinrong Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Lanxi 321100, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321100, China
- Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jianfeng Yuan
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321100, China
- Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0579-88321092
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11
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Interference of malvidin and its mono- and di-glucosides on the membrane — Combined in vitro and computational chemistry study. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Sefi O, Bourgou S, Megdiche-Ksouri W, Libiad M, Khabbach A, El Haissoufi M, Lamchouri F, Krigas N, Ghrabi-Gammar Z. Bioactivities and phenolic composition of Limonium boitardii Maire and L. cercinense Brullo & Erben (Plumbaginaceae): two Tunisian strict endemic plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2496-2511. [PMID: 34482786 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1973970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Limonium genus is traditionally used in North Africa for disease treatment and in cosmetic. This study investigates for the first time the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities of two Tunisian endemic plants, L. boitardii and L. cercinense. Analysis of phenolic compounds was carried out by using RP-HPLC. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity (antiradical, reducing and total antioxidant activities), tyrosinase and α-glucosidase, collagenase inhibition activities were determined. Inhibiting of NO release in LPS-stimulated macrophages was assessed. L. cercinense exhibited strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In the tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibitor activity tests, the two species were highly active, especially L. cercinense. High total phenolic and flavonoid contents were recorded in L. cercinense and myricitrin, myricetin, myricetin 3-O-β-D-galatopyranoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and rutin were the main phenolics in both species. The results obtained render L. boitardii and L. cercinense as valuable new natural sources for cosmetic and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ons Sefi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Development of Natural Resources (BCVRN)
| | - Soumaya Bourgou
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Aromatiques Et Médicinales, Centre De Biotechnologie De Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif Tunisia
| | - Wided Megdiche-Ksouri
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Aromatiques Et Médicinales, Centre De Biotechnologie De Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Libiad
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modelling, Health and Quality of Life (Snamopeq), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University,Taza Gare, Taza Morocco
- Laboratory of Ecology, Systematics and Biodiversity Conservation (Lescobio), Department of Biology,Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan Morocco
| | - Abdelmajid Khabbach
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modelling, Health and Quality of Life (Snamopeq), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University,Taza Gare, Taza Morocco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University,Fez-Atlas Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Haissoufi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modelling, Health and Quality of Life (Snamopeq), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University,Taza Gare, Taza Morocco
| | - Fatima Lamchouri
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modelling, Health and Quality of Life (Snamopeq), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University,Taza Gare, Taza Morocco
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zeineb Ghrabi-Gammar
- Laboratoire De Recherche Biogéographie, Climatologie Appliquée Et Dynamiques Environnementales (Bicade 18ES13), Faculté Des Lettres Des Arts Et Des Humanités De Manouba, Université De La Manouba, Campus Universitaire De La Manouba, Manouba Tunisia
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13
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Kruk J, Aboul-Enein BH, Duchnik E, Marchlewicz M. Antioxidative properties of phenolic compounds and their effect on oxidative stress induced by severe physical exercise. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:19. [PMID: 35931969 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has found strongly increased generation of reactive oxygen species, free radicals, and reactive nitrogen species during acute physical exercise that can lead to oxidative stress (OS) and impair muscle function. Polyphenols (PCs), the most abundant antioxidants in the human diet, are of increasing interest to athletes as antioxidants. Current literature suggests that antioxidants supplementation can effectively modulate these processes. This overview summarizes the actual knowledge of chemical and biomechanical properties of PCs and their impact as supplements on acute exercise-induced OS, inflammation control, and exercise performance. Evidence maintains that PC supplements have high potency to positively impact redox homeostasis and improve skeletal muscle's physiological and physical functions. However, many studies have failed to present improvement in physical performance. Eleven of 15 representative experimental studies reported a reduction of severe exercise-induced OS and inflammation markers or enhancement of total antioxidant capacity; four of eight studies found improvement in exercise performance outcomes. Further studies should be continued to address a safe, optimal PC dosage, supplementation timing during a severe training program in different sports disciplines, and effects on performance response and adaptations of skeletal muscle to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kruk
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Al. Piastów 40b/6, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Basil Hassan Aboul-Enein
- Department of Health Science, Johnson & Wales University, College of Health & Wellness, 8 Abbott Park Place, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, 15-17, Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Ewa Duchnik
- Department of Aesthetic Dermatology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariola Marchlewicz
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Pomeranian Medical University, Siedlecka 2, 72-010, Police, Poland
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14
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Zhang A, Yang H, Ji S, Tian C, Chen N, Gong H, Li J. Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses of Anthocyanin Accumulation Mechanisms Reveal Metabolite Variations and Key Candidate Genes Involved in the Pigmentation of Prunus tomentosa Thunb. Cherry Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:938908. [PMID: 35845695 PMCID: PMC9277446 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.938908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prunus tomentosa Thunb. has excellent nutritional, economic, and ornamental values with different fruit color. The red coloration of fruit is determined by anthocyanin pigmentation, which is an attractive trait for consumers. However, the mechanisms underlying fruit color formation in the P. tomentosa cherry are not well understood. In this research, the pigmentation patterns in red-color P. tomentosa (RP) fruit and white-color P. tomentosa (WP) were evaluated. Anthocyanin content in matured RP fruit was significantly abundant compared with WP fruit. Metabolomic profiling revealed that pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside were the predominant anthocyanin compounds in the RP fruit, while, WP fruit had less anthocyanin compositions and lower level. Then, integrative analyses of transcriptome and metabolome identified 285 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) closely related to anthocyanin differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). Among them, nine genes were involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, transport and degradation pathway, including four biosynthesis genes (PtPAL1, PtDFR, PtANS, and PtUFGT), two transport genes (PtGST11, PtABC10), and three degradation genes (PtPOD1, PtPOD16, PtPOD73). Transcriptome data and real-time PCR showed that the transcript levels of biosynthesis and transport genes were significantly higher in RP than in WP, especially PtANS, PtUFGT, and PtGST11, suggesting they may play key roles in red-colored fruit formation. Meanwhile, the degradation-related genes PtPOD1/16/73 took on exactly opposite trend, suggesting their potential effects on anthocyanin degradation. These results provide novel insights into color patterns formation mechanisms of cherries fruit, and the candidate key genes identified in anthocyanin biosynthesis, transport and degradation may provide a valuable resource for cherry breeding research in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidi Zhang
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Haiying Yang
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Shujun Ji
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Changping Tian
- Cherry Research Department, Yantai Agricultural Science and Technology Institute, Yantai, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Fushan Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yantai, China
| | - Hansheng Gong
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianzhao Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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15
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de Rosas I, Deis L, Baldo Y, Cavagnaro JB, Cavagnaro PF. High Temperature Alters Anthocyanin Concentration and Composition in Grape Berries of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir in a Cultivar-Dependent Manner. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070926. [PMID: 35406906 PMCID: PMC9003205 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate is determinant for grapevine geographical distribution, berry attributes, and wine quality. Due to climate change, a 2−4 °C increase in mean diurnal temperature is predicted by the end of the century for the most important Argentine viticulture region. We hypothesize that such temperature increase will affect color intensity and other quality attributes of red grapes and wines. The present study investigated the effect of high temperature (HT) on anthocyanin concentration and composition, pH, and resveratrol and solids content in berries of three major wine-producing varieties during fruit ripening in two seasons. To this end, a structure that increased mean diurnal temperature by 1.5−2.0 °C at berry sites, compared to Control (C) plants grown without such structure, was implemented in field grown vineyards of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir. Results revealed a cultivar-dependent response to HT conditions, with Malbec and Pinot Noir berries exhibiting significant decreases in total anthocyanin concentration (TAC) at veraison and harvest, respectively, while Merlot maintained an unaffected pigment content under HT. The decrease in TAC was associated with reduced levels of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin glycosides, and increased ratios of acylated (AA)/non-acylated anthocyanins (NAA), suggesting pigment acylation as a possible stress-response mechanism for attenuating HT negative effects. Under HT, Pinot Noir, which does not produce AA, was the only cultivar with lower TAC at harvest (p < 0.05). pH, resveratrol, and solids content were not affected by HT. Our results predict high, medium, and low plasticity with regard to color quality attributes for Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir, respectively, in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés de Rosas
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Mendoza M5528 AHB, Argentina; (I.d.R.); (L.D.); (J.B.C.)
| | - Leonor Deis
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Mendoza M5528 AHB, Argentina; (I.d.R.); (L.D.); (J.B.C.)
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Institution of Agricultural Biology of Mendoza, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cuyo and Conicet, Almirante Brown 500, Chacras de Coria M5505 AHB, Argentina
| | - Yésica Baldo
- National Viticulture Institute (INV), Av. San Martín 430, Mendoza M5528 AHB, Argentina;
| | - Juan B. Cavagnaro
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Mendoza M5528 AHB, Argentina; (I.d.R.); (L.D.); (J.B.C.)
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Institution of Agricultural Biology of Mendoza, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cuyo and Conicet, Almirante Brown 500, Chacras de Coria M5505 AHB, Argentina
| | - Pablo F. Cavagnaro
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Technology Institute (INTA) E.E.A. La Consulta, National University of Cuyo and Conicet, Ex Ruta 40 s/n, San Carlos, La Consulta 5567, Mendoza M5528 AHB, Argentina
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16
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Mohammed HA, Khan RA. Anthocyanins: Traditional Uses, Structural and Functional Variations, Approaches to Increase Yields and Products' Quality, Hepatoprotection, Liver Longevity, and Commercial Products. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042149. [PMID: 35216263 PMCID: PMC8875224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble, colored compounds of the flavonoid class, abundantly found in the fruits, leaves, roots, and other parts of the plants. The fruit berries are prime sources and exhibit different colors. The anthocyanins utility as traditional medicament for liver protection and cure, and importance as strongest plants-based anti-oxidants have conferred these plants products different biological activities. These activities include anti-inflammation, liver protective, analgesic, and anti-cancers, which have provided the anthocyanins an immense commercial value, and has impelled their chemistry, biological activity, isolation, and quality investigations as prime focus. Methods in extraction and production of anthocyanin-based products have assumed vital economic importance. Different extraction techniques in aquatic solvents mixtures, eutectic solvents, and other chemically reactive extractions including low acid concentrations-based extractions have been developed. The prophylactic and curative therapy roles of the anthocyanins, together with no reported toxicity has offered much-needed impetus and economic benefits to these classes of compounds which are commercially available. Information retrieval from various search engines, including the PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, Scopus®, and Google Scholar®, were used in the review preparation. This imparted an outlook on the anthocyanins occurrence, roles in plants, isolation-extraction, structures, biosynthetic as well as semi- and total-synthetic pathways, product quality and yields enhancements, including uses as part of traditional medicines, and uses in liver disorders, prophylactic and therapeutic applications in liver protection and longevity, liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. The review also highlights the integrated approach to yields maximizations to meet the regular demands of the anthocyanins products, also as part of the extract-rich preparations together with a listing of marketed products available for human consumption as nutraceuticals/food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.A.M.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (H.A.M.); (R.A.K.)
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17
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Wu X, Lin Q, Belwal T, Huang H, Zou L, Lv W, Luo Z. Effect of advanced/hybrid oxidation process involving ultrasonication and ultraviolet radiation (sonophotolysis) on anthocyanin stability: Degradation kinetics and mechanism. Food Chem 2022; 370:131083. [PMID: 34600395 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hybrid oxidation effect of ultrasonics (US) and ultraviolet light (UV-A) on Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) stability were examined. For comparison, sonolysis and photolysis experiments were also conducted. The results showed that under hybrid sonophotolysis and sonolysis treatment, C3G degradation undergoes zero-order kinetics, while under photolysis, first-order degradation kinetic prevailed. The degradation rate increases with the increase in US power, with the lowest, was recorded as 0.70 μg/ml/h (14 W/L) and 0.77 μg/ml/h (28 W/L), and highest as 0.80 μg/ml/h (42 W/L). Similarly, the degradation ability of UV photolysis at 400 μW/cm2 was weak, which increased with increasing UV power (600 μW/cm2). Overall the sonophotolysis degradation rate was significantly higher than that of the individual effect. With the addition of gallic acid (GA), the degradation of C3G was found lower under sonophotolysis; thus, it could be used as a natural protective agent for C3G during food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wu
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwei Lin
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tarun Belwal
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Huang
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligen Zou
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Weide Lv
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Gui H, Sun L, Liu R, Si X, Li D, Wang Y, Shu C, Sun X, Jiang Q, Qiao Y, Li B, Tian J. Current knowledge of anthocyanin metabolism in the digestive tract: absorption, distribution, degradation, and interconversion. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5953-5966. [PMID: 35057688 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2026291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Potential roles for anthocyanins in preventing various chronic diseases have been reported. These compounds are highly sensitive to external conditions and are susceptible to degradation, which increases the complexity of their metabolism in vivo. This review discusses anthocyanin metabolism in the digestive tract, phase I and II metabolism, and enterohepatic circulation (EHC), as well as their distribution of anthocyanins in blood, urine, and several organs. In the oral cavity, anthocyanins are partly hydrolyzed by microbiota into aglycones which are then conjugated by glucuronidase. In stomach, anthocyanins are absorbed without deglycosylation via specific transporters, such as sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter 1 and facilitative glucose transporters 1, while in small intestine, they are mainly absorbed as aglycones. High polymeric anthocyanins are easily degraded into low-polymeric forms or smaller phenolic acids by colonic microbiota, which improves their absorption. Anthocyanins and their derivatives are modified by phase I and II metabolic enzymes in cells and are released into the blood via the gastrovascular cavity into EHC. Notably, interconversion can be occurred under the action of enzymes such as catechol-O-methyltransferase. Taking together, differences in anthocyanin absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion largely depend on their glycoside and aglycone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Gui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruihai Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xu Si
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongnan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chi Shu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiyun Sun
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanyan Qiao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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19
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Tsikrika K, Chu B, Bremner DH, Lemos MA. Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Enzyme Activity and Bioactives of Strawberry Puree. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Tsikrika
- Division of Engineering and Food Sciences School of Applied Sciences Abertay University Bell Street Dundee DD1 1HG UK
| | - Boon‐Seang Chu
- Division of Engineering and Food Sciences School of Applied Sciences Abertay University Bell Street Dundee DD1 1HG UK
| | - David H. Bremner
- Division of Engineering and Food Sciences School of Applied Sciences Abertay University Bell Street Dundee DD1 1HG UK
| | - M. Adilia Lemos
- Division of Engineering and Food Sciences School of Applied Sciences Abertay University Bell Street Dundee DD1 1HG UK
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20
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Vo QV, Hoa NT, Thong NM, Mechler A. The hydroperoxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of anthocyanidins in physiological environments: Theoretical insights into mechanisms and kinetics. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 192:112968. [PMID: 34598044 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The HOO• and O2•- scavenging activities of 12 natural anthocyanidins were investigated in physiological environments by using DFT calculations. The results suggest high HOO• scavenging activity in aqueous medium with overall rate constants in the range of koverall = 1.58 × 108 - 7.59 × 109 M-1 s-1, whereas in lipid medium only weak activity is predicted. O2•- scavenging is also fast in water with kapp = ∼109 M-1 s-1. Like in the case of many other antioxidants that contain acidic moieties, the anion states (H3A- and H2A2-) and the single electron transfer mechanism play a dominant role in the HOO• scavenging activity of anthocyanidins in water at pH = 7.4. Analysis of the mechanism suggests that the O2•- and HOO• radical scavenging can occur as a regeneration cycle that might increase the protective efficiency of anthocyanidins against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang-University of Technology and Education, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang-University of Technology and Education, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Minh Thong
- The University of Danang, Campus in Kon Tum, 704 Phan Dinh Phung, Kon Tum, Viet Nam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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21
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Si W, Zhang Y, Li X, Du Y, Xu Q. Understanding the Functional Activity of Polyphenols Using Omics-Based Approaches. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113953. [PMID: 34836207 PMCID: PMC8625961 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols are the main category of natural active substances, and are distributed widely in vegetables, fruits, and plant-based processed foods. Polyphenols have a beneficial performance in preventing diseases and maintaining body health. However, its action mechanism has not been well understood. Foodomics is a novel method to sequence and widely used in nutrition, combining genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, microbiome, and metabolomics. Based on multi-omics technologies, foodomics provides abundant data to study functional activities of polyphenols. In this paper, physiological functions of various polyphenols based on foodomics and microbiome was discussed, especially the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities and gut microbe regulation. In conclusion, omics (including microbiomics) is a useful approach to explore the bioactive activities of polyphenols in the nutrition and health of human and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Si
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.S.); (X.L.); (Y.D.)
- Shennongjia Science & Technology Innovation Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.S.); (X.L.); (Y.D.)
- Shennongjia Science & Technology Innovation Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yufeng Du
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.S.); (X.L.); (Y.D.)
- Shennongjia Science & Technology Innovation Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.S.); (X.L.); (Y.D.)
- Shennongjia Science & Technology Innovation Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Briata IM, Paleari L, Rutigliani M, Petrera M, Caviglia S, Romagnoli P, Libera MD, Oppezzi M, Puntoni M, Siri G, Lazzeroni M, Howells L, Singh R, Brown K, DeCensi A. A Presurgical Study of Curcumin Combined with Anthocyanin Supplements in Patients with Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11024. [PMID: 34681684 PMCID: PMC8539981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyps are precancerous lesions associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Curcumin and anthocyanins have shown promising CRC-preventive activity in preclinical and epidemiological studies. The objective of this window-of-opportunity, proof-of principle trial was to evaluate the effect of curcumin combined with anthocyanin supplements on tissue biomarkers of colorectal adenomatous polyps. Eligible patients received either anthocyanin and curcumin supplementation or related matching placebo for 4-6 weeks before polyp removal. Adenomatous polyps and adjacent tissue biopsies were collected at baseline and after supplementation for immunohistochemical assessment of β-catenin, NF-kappa B (NF-κB), Ki-67, P53, and dysplasia. No differences were observed in baseline biomarker expression between normal and dysplastic tissues. The combination of anthocyanins and curcumin resulted in a significant borderline reduction of NF-κB immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression in adenoma tissue (geometric mean ratio (GMR): 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51-1.00; p-value: 0.05) and a trend to a reduction of Ki-67 (GMR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.50-1.08; p-value: 0.11). No significant modulation of biomarkers in normal adjacent mucosa was observed. We concluded that the combined supplementation of anthocyanins and curcumin seems to lead to a potentially favorable modulation of tissue biomarkers of inflammation and proliferation in colon adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maria Briata
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (I.M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Laura Paleari
- Research, Innovation and HTA, A.Li.Sa. Liguria Health Authority, 16121 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marilena Petrera
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (I.M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Silvia Caviglia
- Clinical Trial Unit, Office of the Scientific Director, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Paola Romagnoli
- Division of Gastroenterology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (P.R.); (M.D.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Mauro Dalla Libera
- Division of Gastroenterology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (P.R.); (M.D.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Massimo Oppezzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (P.R.); (M.D.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Matteo Puntoni
- Clinical & Epidemiological Research Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Siri
- Division of Pathology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (M.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Matteo Lazzeroni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lynne Howells
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (L.H.); (R.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Raj Singh
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (L.H.); (R.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Karen Brown
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (L.H.); (R.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (I.M.B.); (M.P.)
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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Jokioja J, Yang B, Linderborg KM. Acylated anthocyanins: A review on their bioavailability and effects on postprandial carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5570-5615. [PMID: 34611984 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the natural red and purple colorants of berries, fruits, vegetables, and tubers, improve carbohydrate metabolism and decrease the risk factors of metabolic disorders, but their industrial use is limited by their chemical instability. Acylation of the glycosyl moieties of anthocyanins, however, changes the chemical properties of anthocyanins and provides enhanced stability. Thus, acylated anthocyanins are more usable as natural colorants and bioactive components of innovative functional foods. Acylated anthocyanins are common in pigmented vegetables and tubers, the consumption of which has the potential to increase the intake of health-promoting anthocyanins as part of the daily diet. For the first time, this review presents the current findings on bioavailability, absorption, metabolism, and health effects of acylated anthocyanins with comparison to more extensively investigated nonacylated anthocyanins. The structural differences between nonacylated and acylated anthocyanins lead to enhanced color stability, altered absorption, bioavailability, in vivo stability, and colonic degradation. The impact of phenolic metabolites and their potential health effects regardless of the low bioavailability of the parent anthocyanins as such is discussed. Here, purple-fleshed potatoes are presented as a globally available, eco-friendly model food rich in acylated anthocyanins, which further highlights the industrial possibilities and nutritional relevance of acylated anthocyanins. This work supports the academic community and industry in food research and development by reviewing the current literature and highlighting gaps of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Jokioja
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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24
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Li J, Deng ZY, He Y, Fan Y, Dong H, Chen R, Liu R, Tsao R, Liu X. Differential specificities of polyphenol oxidase from lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) toward stereoisomers, (−)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin: Insights from comparative molecular docking studies. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Xiong Y, Zhang P, Warner RD, Fang Z. In vitro and cellular antioxidant activities of 3-deoxyanthocyanidin colourants. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Boye A, Barku VYA, Acheampong DO, Ofori EG. Abrus precatorius Leaf Extract Reverses Alloxan/Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats through Hormonal (Insulin, GLP-1, and Glucagon) and Enzymatic ( α-Amylase/ α-Glucosidase) Modulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9920826. [PMID: 34341763 PMCID: PMC8325591 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9920826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abrus precatorius is used in folk medicine across Afro-Asian regions of the world. Earlier, glucose lowering and pancreato-protective effects of Abrus precatorius leaf extract (APLE) was confirmed experimentally in STZ/nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats; however, the underlying mechanism of antidiabetic effect and pancreato-protection remained unknown. OBJECTIVE This study elucidated antidiabetic mechanisms and pancreato-protective effects of APLE in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS APLE was prepared by ethanol/Soxhlet extraction method. Total phenols and flavonoids were quantified calorimetrically after initial phytochemical screening. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was established in adult Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 120-180 g) of both sexes by daily sequential injection of nicotinamide (48 mg/kg; ip) and Alloxan (120 mg/kg; ip) over a period of 7 days. Except control rats which had fasting blood glucose (FBG) of 4.60 mmol/L, rats having stable FBG (16-21 mmol/L) 7 days post-nicotinamide/Alloxan injection were considered diabetic and were randomly reassigned to one of the following groups (model, APLE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively; po) and metformin (300 mg/kg; po)) and treated daily for 18 days. Bodyweight and FBG were measured every 72 hours for 18 days. On day 18, rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia; organs (kidney, liver, pancreas, and spleen) were isolated and weighed. Blood was collected for estimation of serum insulin, glucagon, and GLP-1 using a rat-specific ELISA kit. The pancreas was processed, sectioned, and H&E-stained for histological examination. Effect of APLE on enzymatic activity of alpha (α)-amylase and α-glucosidase was assessed. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of APLE were assessed using standard methods. RESULTS APLE dose-dependently decreased the initial FBG by 68.67%, 31.07%, and 4.39% compared to model (4.34%) and metformin (43.63%). APLE (100 mg/kg) treatment restored weight loss relative to model. APLE increased serum insulin and GLP-1 but decreased serum glucagon relative to model. APLE increased both the number and median crosssectional area (×106 μm2) of pancreatic islets compared to that of model. APLE produced concentration-dependent inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase relative to acarbose. APLE concentration dependently scavenged DPPH and nitric oxide (NO) radicals and demonstrated increased ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAC) relative to standards. CONCLUSION Antidiabetic effect of APLE is mediated through modulation of insulin and GLP-1 inversely with glucagon, noncompetitive inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, free radical scavenging, and recovery of damaged/necro-apoptosized pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Boye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Victor Yao Atsu Barku
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Desmond Omane Acheampong
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eric Gyamerah Ofori
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Xu K, Debelo H, Roman L, Guo M, Ferruzzi MG, Martinez MM. Co-extruded wheat/okra composite blends result in soft, cohesive and resilient crumbs rich in health-promoting compounds. Food Chem 2021; 364:130395. [PMID: 34175617 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates the partial solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides in okra flours and the changes in the profile of free and bound phenolics through twin-screw extrusion. The comparison between extruded wheat flour-native okra flour (EWF-OF) and extruded wheat flour-extruded okra flour (EWF-EOF) composite blends revealed that extrusion led to an increase of soluble dietary fiber from 7.76 to 10.02 g/100 g. Extrusion of okra also resulted in a significant increase of free and bound phenolic acids, the latter consisting mostly of ferulic acid, as well as the thermal degradation of free epigallocatechin, and the binding of a small portion of quercetin-3-O-glucoside likely to a carbohydrate fraction. Bread crumbs from EWF-EOF (at 15% replacement level) exhibited a significantly lower hardness and higher elasticity, cohesiveness and resilience (from 28.28 N, 0.94, 0.49 and 0.17 to 7.54 N, 0.99, 0.70 and 0.35, respectively), which closely resembled the textural attributes of wheat bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China; College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hawi Debelo
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Laura Roman
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Center for Innovative Food (CiFOOD), Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, AgroFood Park 48, Aarhus N 9200, Denmark
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China; College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mario M Martinez
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Center for Innovative Food (CiFOOD), Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, AgroFood Park 48, Aarhus N 9200, Denmark
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28
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Saenjum C, Pattananandecha T, Nakagawa K. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals and Related Stable Paramagnetic Species in Different Parts of Dragon Fruit. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123565. [PMID: 34200974 PMCID: PMC8230633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals and paramagnetic species in dragon fruit using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). HPLC analysis demonstrated that dragon fruit is enriched with bioactive phytochemicals, with significant variations between each part of the fruit. Anthocyanins namely, cyanidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-glucoside were detected in the dragon fruit peel and fresh red pulp. Epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, caffeine, and gallic acid were found in the dragon fruit seed. Additionally, 25–100 mg × L−1 of dragon fruit pulp and peel extracts containing enrichment of cyanidin 3-glucoside were found to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in cell-based studies without exerted cytotoxicity. EPR primarily detected two paramagnetic species in the red samples. These two different radical species were assigned as stable radicals and Mn2+ (paramagnetic species) based on the g-values and hyperfine components. In addition, the broad EPR line width of the white peel can be correlated to a unique moiety in dragon fruit. Our EPR and HPLC results provide new insight regarding the phytochemicals and related stable intermediates found in various parts of dragon fruit. Thus, we suggest here that there is the potential to use dragon fruit peel, which contains anthocyanins, as a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalermpong Saenjum
- Cluster of Excellence on Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (K.N.); Tel.: +66-53-94-4312 (C.S.); +81-172-39-5921 (K.N.)
| | - Thanawat Pattananandecha
- Cluster of Excellence on Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kouichi Nakagawa
- Division of Regional Innovation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-Cho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (K.N.); Tel.: +66-53-94-4312 (C.S.); +81-172-39-5921 (K.N.)
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29
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Tu F, Xie C, Li H, Lei S, Li J, Huang X, Yang F. Effect of in vitro digestion on chestnut outer-skin and inner-skin bioaccessibility: The relationship between biotransformation and antioxidant activity of polyphenols by metabolomics. Food Chem 2021; 363:130277. [PMID: 34303061 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chestnut skin is rich in polyphenols that have been linked to health for their antioxidant activity. However, chestnut outer-skin extract (COE), chestnut inner-skin extract (CIE), and their digested products have different compositions of polyphenols, and therefore their antioxidant activities might differ as well. Here, we study the effect of in vitro digestion on their total phenol content, antioxidant capacity, and individual phenolic profile to clarify the relationship between biotransformation and antioxidant activity. Compared to undigested samples, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of digested chestnut outer-skin extract (DCOE) and digested chestnut inner-skin extract (DCIE) had significantly higher values. The changes of phenolic composition and antioxidant activity after digestion were mainly due to the anthocyanin biosynthesis involving glycosylation, acylation, methoxylation and their reverse processes. All these data suggest that as chestnut processing by-products, COE and CIE are raw material sources of antioxidant-rich active substances and need more sufficient utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Tu
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Chenyang Xie
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Haonan Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Sichao Lei
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xuewei Huang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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30
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Chuntakaruk H, Kongtawelert P, Pothacharoen P. Chondroprotective effects of purple corn anthocyanins on advanced glycation end products induction through suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1895. [PMID: 33479339 PMCID: PMC7820347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are associated with diabetes mellitus, contributes to prominent features of osteoarthritis, i.e., inflammation-mediated destruction of articular cartilage. Among the phytochemicals which play a role in anti-inflammatory effects, anthocyanins have also been demonstrated to have anti-diabetic properties. Purple corn is a source of three major anthocyanins: cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside. Purple corn anthocyanins have been demonstrated to be involved in the reduction of diabetes-associated inflammation, suggesting that they may have a beneficial effect on diabetes-mediated inflammation of cartilage. This investigation of the chondroprotective effects of purple corn extract on cartilage degradation found a reduction in glycosaminoglycans released from AGEs induced cartilage explants, corresponding with diminishing of uronic acid loss of the cartilage matrix. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms in human articular chondrocytes showed the anti-inflammatory effect of purple corn anthocyanins and the metabolite, protocatechuic acid (PCA) on AGEs induced human articular chondrocytes via inactivation of the NFκb and MAPK signaling pathways. This finding suggests that purple corn anthocyanins and PCA may help ameliorate AGEs mediated inflammation and diabetes-mediated cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hathaichanok Chuntakaruk
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Peraphan Pothacharoen
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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31
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Parra-Paz VG, Calderón-Sauri A, Granados-Patrón D, Cuevas-Carbonell SG, García-López D, Dawn-Ojeda A, Mut-Martín M, Olivera-Castillo L, Álvarez-Cervera FJ, Salgado H, Alamilla J, García-Miss MDR, Vásquez-Celaya L, Aranda-González II, Góngora-Alfaro JL. Chronic feeding with 3% dried raw blueberries (V. corymbosum) reduces apomorphine-induced rotations and striatal dopaminergic loss in hemiparkinsonian rats. Food Res Int 2020; 140:110066. [PMID: 33648289 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blueberries (BB) are rich in antioxidant polyphenols, and their intake could prevent Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we assessed whether rats chronically fed dried raw BB develop resistance to dopaminergic denervation and motor disorders caused by unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a dopaminergic neurotoxin acting mainly by inducing oxidative stress. Male rats were fed either with LabDiet® alone or supplemented with 3% lyophilized raw BB for 2 weeks before and 3 weeks after injecting 6-OHDA (day 0) or vehicle (mock lesion) into the right striatum. The cylinder test was performed on days -14, -7, -1, +7, +14, and +21; the percentage of ipsilateral forepaw (IF) use asymmetry was determined by counting the wall contacts made with either forepaw or with both. Apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced rotation was performed on days -1, +7, +14, and +21. Full contralateral rotations were counted in 3-min periods, every 15 min, up to 90 min. Striatal slices were immunostained for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the ionized calcium-binding protein-1 adapter (Iba1) [immunoreactive area or microglia count in right striatum expressed as % of the left striatum]. Antioxidants in BB methanolic extracts neutralized the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl in a concentration-dependent manner. Anthocyanins have been reported as the most abundant polyphenols in BB. Using the pH differential method, the total anthocyanin content (malvidin-3-glucoside equivalents) in raw BB averaged 21.04 mg/g dry weight. The range of anthocyanin intake by rats throughout the study varied from 37.7 to 72.2 mg/kg body weight. The time and food type factors, as well as their interaction were significant according to two-way RM-ANOVA in both the apomorphine-induced rotations and the cylinder test. Compared with LabDiet® alone, chronic supplementation with 3% dried raw BB decreased apomorphine-induced rotations on days +14 and +21 (p < 0.001) and produced a 46% reduction in total rotations post-surgery (p < 0.05), but only caused a partial, non-significant, decrease of IF asymmetry. BB supplementation reduced TH loss in the striatum (p < 0.05) but did not attenuate the increase of Iba1+ microglia. The consumption of 3% dried raw blueberries attenuates dopaminergic denervation and partially reverses motor disorders in the 6-OHDA-induced PD model in rats. The phytochemicals of raw blueberries that contribute to the observed neuroprotective effect are yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria G Parra-Paz
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Ashanty Calderón-Sauri
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Diego Granados-Patrón
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 498 x 59 y 59A, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Sergio G Cuevas-Carbonell
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Daniel García-López
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 498 x 59 y 59A, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Alicia Dawn-Ojeda
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 498 x 59 y 59A, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Mirza Mut-Martín
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Leticia Olivera-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua Progreso Km. 6, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico
| | - Fernando J Álvarez-Cervera
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Humberto Salgado
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Javier Alamilla
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CUIB), Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - María Del R García-Miss
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Vásquez-Celaya
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Irma I Aranda-González
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 498 x 59 y 59A, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - José L Góngora-Alfaro
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico.
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Stability and Antiglycoxidant Potential of Bilberry Anthocyanins in Simulated Gastrointestinal Tract Model. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111695. [PMID: 33228062 PMCID: PMC7699394 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins from Vaccinium myrtillus fruits have been reported in vitro to exert potent radical scavenging and antiglycation activities. However, the physiological relevance of such properties remains unclear given the potential susceptibility of anthocyanin derivatives to digestive conditions. A simulated gastrointestinal tract model was thus implemented to assess the impact of gastric and intestinal phases on the chemical integrity of bilberry anthocyanins and their antiglycoxidant effects. Results demonstrated that the investigated activities as well as total and individual anthocyanin contents were marginally affected by gastric conditions. By contrast, with recoveries ranging from 16.1 to 41.2%, bilberry anthocyanins were shown to be highly sensitive to the intestinal phase. Of major interest, a much better preservation was observed for radical scavenging and antiglycation activities as attested by recovery rates ranging from 79.1 to 86.7%. Consistently with previous observations, the present study confirms the moderate bioaccessibility of anthocyanin constituents. It does however provide valuable information supporting the persistence of substantial radical scavenging and antiglycation activities at each step of the digestion process. Taken together, these data indicate that digestive conditions might not abolish the potential positive effects of bilberry consumption on both oxidative and carbonyl stresses.
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Gonzali S, Perata P. Anthocyanins from Purple Tomatoes as Novel Antioxidants to Promote Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1017. [PMID: 33092051 PMCID: PMC7590037 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant secondary metabolites belonging to the class of polyphenols, whose beneficial roles in the prevention and treatment of several important human diseases have been demonstrated in many epidemiological studies. Their intake through diet strictly depends on the eating habits, as anthocyanins are contained in red and purple fruit and vegetables as well as in some processed foods and beverages, such as red wine. Genetic engineering and breeding programs have been recently carried out to increase the content of anthocyanins in candidate plant species which cannot offer satisfactory levels of these precious compounds. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a vegetable commodity where these strategies have resulted in success, leading to the production of new anthocyanin-rich fruit varieties, some of which are already marketed. These varieties produce purple fruits with a high nutraceutical value, combining the health benefits of the anthocyanins to the other classical tomato phytochemicals, particularly carotenoids. The antioxidant capacity in tomato purple fruits is higher than in non-anthocyanin tomatoes and their healthy role has already been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Recent evidence has indicated a particular capacity of tomato fruit anthocyanins to act as scavengers of harmful reactive chemical species and inhibitors of proliferating cancer cells, as well as anti-inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
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Nistor M, Diaconeasa Z, Frond AD, Stirbu I, Socaciu C, Pintea A, Rugina D. Comparative efficiency of different solvents for the anthocyanins extraction from chokeberries and black carrots, to preserve their antioxidant activity. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bendokas V, Stanys V, Mažeikienė I, Trumbeckaite S, Baniene R, Liobikas J. Anthocyanins: From the Field to the Antioxidants in the Body. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E819. [PMID: 32887513 PMCID: PMC7555562 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are biologically active water-soluble plant pigments that are responsible for blue, purple, and red colors in various plant parts-especially in fruits and blooms. Anthocyanins have attracted attention as natural food colorants to be used in yogurts, juices, marmalades, and bakery products. Numerous studies have also indicated the beneficial health effects of anthocyanins and their metabolites on human or animal organisms, including free-radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. Thus, our aim was to review the current knowledge about anthocyanin occurrence in plants, their stability during processing, and also the bioavailability and protective effects related to the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in human and animal brains, hearts, livers, and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidmantas Bendokas
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (V.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Vidmantas Stanys
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (V.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ingrida Mažeikienė
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (V.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Sonata Trumbeckaite
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.T.); (R.B.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Baniene
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.T.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Julius Liobikas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.T.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Li Y, Chen Q, Xie X, Cai Y, Li J, Feng Y, Zhang Y. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Accumulation of Anthocyanins and Other Flavonoids in Cowpea Pod ( Vigna unguiculata L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9260-9275. [PMID: 32709199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As an important vegetable crop of the legume family, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is grown widely for its tender pod with good taste and nutrition. The purple cowpea pods attract more attention mainly for the eye-catching color and health-promoting ingredients. Initially, large quantities of two major anthocyanins (delphinidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside) and nine kinds of flavonoids (most are quercetin-based flavonol glycosides) were separated and identified from purple cowpea pod by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. To study them systematically, two representative cowpea cultivars with a drastic difference in anthocyanin accumulation were further analyzed by the integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics. A total of 56 differentially accumulated metabolites and 4142 differentially expressed genes were identified, respectively. On the basis of the comprehensive analysis of multiomic data, it was shown that VuMYB90-1, VuMYB90-2, VuMYB90-3, VuCPC, VuMYB4, and endogenous bHLH and WD40 proteins coordinately control anthocyanin and flavonoid accumulation via transcriptional regulation of structural genes in purple cowpea pod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyan Chen
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Fengyang Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiling Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
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Mattioli R, Francioso A, Mosca L, Silva P. Anthocyanins: A Comprehensive Review of Their Chemical Properties and Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E3809. [PMID: 32825684 PMCID: PMC7504512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoids widely present in fruits and vegetables. Dietary sources of anthocyanins include red and purple berries, grapes, apples, plums, cabbage, or foods containing high levels of natural colorants. Cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, petunidin, and pelargonidin are the six common anthocyanidins. Following consumption, anthocyanin, absorption occurs along the gastrointestinal tract, the distal lower bowel being the place where most of the absorption and metabolism occurs. In the intestine, anthocyanins first undergo extensive microbial catabolism followed by absorption and human phase II metabolism. This produces hybrid microbial-human metabolites which are absorbed and subsequently increase the bioavailability of anthocyanins. Health benefits of anthocyanins have been widely described, especially in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that health-promoting effects attributed to anthocyanins may also be related to modulation of gut microbiota. In this paper we attempt to provide a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art literature on anthocyanins, summarizing recent findings on their chemistry, biosynthesis, nutritional value and on their effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mattioli
- Department of Sciences, RomaTre University, v.le G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paula Silva
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n°228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Okra seed and seedless pod: Comparative study of their phenolics and carbohydrate fractions and their impact on bread-making. Food Chem 2020; 317:126387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Screening and Characterization of Antiglycoxidant Anthocyanins from Vaccinium myrtillus Fruit Using DPPH and Methylglyoxal Pre-Column HPLC Assays. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060512. [PMID: 32532151 PMCID: PMC7346134 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinium myrtillus fruit (bilberry) is well known for its high richness in anthocyanins, which may be responsible for its preventive effects on several oxidative and carbonyl stress-related pathologies. However, limited data are available regarding the antioxidant and antiglycative contributions of its constituents. Spectrometric analyses were performed to evaluate anthocyanin content, radical scavenging and antiglycative properties of an anthocyanin-rich extract from bilberries. Additionally, original DPPH and methylglyoxal pre-column HPLC methods were instigated to allow straightforward identification of the main contributors to radical and carbonyl trapping effects. Finally, representative pure anthocyanins were evaluated using classical DPPH and antiglycation assays. Delphinidin, petunidin and cyanidin glycosides were identified as the most effective radical scavenging constituents in both HPLC and spectrometric DPPH evaluations. Potent antiglycative activities were also assessed for cyanidin, delphinidin and petunidin glucosides as attested by their respective IC50 values of 114.2 ± 7.8, 130.5 ± 2.8, and 132.4 ± 3.7 µM. Interestingly, methylglyoxal spiking evaluation demonstrated that all bilberry anthocyanins exerted noticeable and comparable α-dicarbonyl trapping effects. Anthocyanins can be regarded as potent antiglycoxidant agents that might account for some health benefits of bilberries consumption. Besides, significant differences in their contributions were successfully highlighted by the employed pre-column HPLC assays.
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de Mejia EG, Zhang Q, Penta K, Eroglu A, Lila MA. The Colors of Health: Chemistry, Bioactivity, and Market Demand for Colorful Foods and Natural Food Sources of Colorants. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:145-182. [PMID: 32126181 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing consumer demand for natural colors in foods. However, there is a limited number of available natural food sources for use by the food industry because of technical and regulatory limitations. Natural colors are less stable and have less vibrant hues compared to their synthetic color counterparts. Natural pigments also have known health benefits that are seldom leveraged by the food industry. Betalains, carotenoids, phycocyanins, and anthocyanins are major food colorants used in the food industry that have documented biological effects, particularly in the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The color industry needs new sources of stable, functional, and safe natural food colorants. New opportunities include sourcing new colors from microbial sources and via the use of genetic biotechnology. In all cases, there is an imperative need for toxicological evaluation to pave the way for their regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA;
| | - Qiaozhi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kayla Penta
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry and Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry and Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences and Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
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Csepregi R, Temesfői V, Das S, Alberti Á, Tóth CA, Herczeg R, Papp N, Kőszegi T. Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Properties and Effects on Cell Migration of Phenolic Compounds of Selected Transylvanian Medicinal Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020166. [PMID: 32085594 PMCID: PMC7070992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are widely used in folk medicine but quite often their composition and biological effects are hardly known. Our study aimed to analyze the composition, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cellular migration effects of Anthyllis vulneraria, Fuchsia magellanica, Fuchsia triphylla and Lysimachia nummularia used in the Romanian ethnomedicine for wounds. Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze 50% (v/v) ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the plants’ leaves. Antimicrobial activities were estimated with a standard microdilution method. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by validated chemical cell-free and biological cell-based assays. Cytotoxic effects were performed on mouse fibroblasts and human keratinocytes with a plate reader-based method assessing intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nucleic acid and protein contents and also by a flow cytometer-based assay detecting apoptotic–necrotic cell populations. Cell migration to cover cell-free areas was visualized by time-lapse phase-contrast microscopy using standard culture inserts. Fuchsia species showed the strongest cytotoxicity and the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. However, their ethanolic extracts facilitated cell migration, most probably due to their various phenolic acid, flavonoid and anthocyanin derivatives. Our data might serve as a basis for further animal experiments to explore the complex action of Fuchsia species in wound healing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Csepregi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság u. 13, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.C.); (V.T.); (S.D.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Viktória Temesfői
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság u. 13, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.C.); (V.T.); (S.D.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság u. 13, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.C.); (V.T.); (S.D.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.A.); (C.A.T.)
| | - Csenge Anna Tóth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.A.); (C.A.T.)
| | - Róbert Herczeg
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Nóra Papp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus u. 2, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság u. 13, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.C.); (V.T.); (S.D.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-30-491-7719; Fax: +36-72-536-121
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de Jesus ALT, Cristianini M, Dos Santos NM, Maróstica Júnior MR. Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the microbial inactivation and extraction of bioactive compounds from açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) pulp. Food Res Int 2019; 130:108856. [PMID: 32156341 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the inactivation of Lactobacillus fructivorans, on the inactivation of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores and on the extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolics from açaí pulp. The tested conditions comprised pressures of 400-600 MPa, treatment times of 5-15 min, and temperatures of 25 °C and 65 °C. Results were compared to those of conventional thermal treatments (85 °C/1 min). Regarding A. acidoterrestris spores, applying HHP for 13.5 min, resulted in a value of four-decimal reduction. L. fructivorans presented considerable sensitivity to HHP treatment, achieving inactivation rates above 6.7 log cycles at process conditions at 600 MPa and 65 °C for 5 min. All samples of açaí pulp processed showed absence of thermotolerant coliforms during the 28 days of refrigerated storage (shelf life study). The açaí pulps processed by HHP (600 MPa/5 min/25 °C) had anthocyanin extraction increased by 37% on average. In contrast, conventional thermal treatment reduced anthocyanin content by 16.3%. For phenolic compounds, the process at 600 MPa/5 min/65 °C increases extraction by 10.25%. A combination of HHP treatment and moderate heat (65 °C) was shown to be an alternative to thermal pasteurization, leading to microbiologically safe products while preserving functional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Tibério de Jesus
- Department of Food Engineering, Sorocaba Engineering College (FACENS), Senador José Ermínio de Moraes Road, 1425, 18085-784 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Cristianini
- Department of Food Technology (DTA), School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato, 80. PO Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Medina Dos Santos
- Department of Food and Nutrition (DEPAN), School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato, 80. PO Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica Júnior
- Department of Food and Nutrition (DEPAN), School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato, 80. PO Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Mieres-Castro D, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Theoduloz C, Gómez-Alonso S, Pérez-Navarro J, Márquez K, Jiménez-Aspee F. Antioxidant activity and the isolation of polyphenols and new iridoids from Chilean Gaultheria phillyreifolia and G. poeppigii berries. Food Chem 2019; 291:167-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yang D, Wang X, Yuan W, Chen Z. Intake of Anthocyanins and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis on Cohort and Case-Control Studies. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:72-81. [PMID: 30814415 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between anthocyanins intake and the risk of gastric cancer. All the relative articles have been searched in the online databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until June 11th, 2018. Risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratio (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled through the STATA 12.0. A total of 6 studies were finally selected in the meta-analysis. No significant association was found between total anthocyanins consumption and gastric cancer risk (RR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.81-1.04). Likewise, there was also no significant evidence of the relationship between anthocyanins intake and gastric cancer in tumor site (cardia: RR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.62-1.31; noncardia: RR=0.86, 95%CI: 0.69-1.07) and gender (men: RR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.73-1.40; women: RR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.52-1.23). The dose-response relationship was also not found in this meta-analysis. The Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) quality in our study was very low. The results of our meta-analysis suggested the intake of anthocyanins had no association with the risk of gastric cancer and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeYi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University
| | - WeiJie Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - ZiHua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
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Separation of anthocyanins extracted from red cabbage by adsorption onto chitosan films. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:905-911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Yang X, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang P, Mao J, Huang Q, Tang H. Diversity in flower colorations of Ranunculus asiaticus L. revealed by anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in view of gene composition, gene expression patterns, and color phenotype. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13785-13794. [PMID: 30145754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin biosynthesis is one of the best studied secondary metabolisms. However, related pathways were generally concluded based on anthocyanin components; most studies focused on the backbone forming of anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin) of model or commercial plants, while anthocyanin modification was less discussed, and non-model plants with abundant colorations were less researched either. Ranunculus asiaticus L. has great diversity in flower colorations, not only indicating its value in researching anthocyanin biosynthesis but also implying it is unique in this regard. Based on transcriptome sequencing and gene annotation of three varieties (10 samples) of Ranunculus asiaticus L., 176 unigenes from 151,136 unigenes were identified as involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, among which, 74 unigenes were related to anthocyanin modification; 61 unigenes were responsible for glycosylation at C3 and C5 with 3-monosaccharides of glucose, 3-biosides of rutinose, sophorose, or sambubiose to form 3Gly-, 3Gly5Gly-, 3Gly3'Gly-, 3Gly2''Gly-, 3Gly2''Xly-, 3Gly2''Rly-glycosylated anthocyanins, etc.; 2 unigenes transferred -CH3; 11 unigenes of BAHD family catalyzd the aromatic or malonyl acylation at 6'' / 6''''position of 3/5-O-glucoside. Based on gene composition, a putative pathway was established. The pathway was validated by flower colorations, and gene expression patterns where F3H, F3'H, 3GT, 5GT, and FMT2 were highly expressed in varieties colored as lateritious and carmine, while variety with purple flowers had high expression of F3'5'H and 3MAT. In view of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway of Ranunculus asiaticus L., great diversity in its flower colorations was illustrated via the complete branches (F3H, F3'H and F3'5'H) as well as complete modifications (glycosylation, methylation, and acylation), and besides, via the higher percentage of C3 glycosylation than C5 glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- DUS Test (Kunming) Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- DUS Test (Kunming) Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- DUS Test (Kunming) Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangmin Wang
- DUS Test (Kunming) Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangang Li
- DUS Test (Kunming) Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- DUS Test (Kunming) Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Mao
- DUS Test (Kunming) Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmei Huang
- DUS Test (Kunming) Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Tang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100122, People's Republic of China.
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Cyboran-Mikołajczyk S, Solarska-Ściuk K, Mieszała K, Glatzel-Plucińska N, Matczak K, Kleszczyńska H. The Impact of O-Glycosylation on Cyanidin Interaction with RBCs and HMEC-1 Cells-Structure⁻Activity Relationships. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081928. [PMID: 31010130 PMCID: PMC6514962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of contributing to the knowledge about their potential therapeutic activity, we determined the biological activities of cyanidin and its selected O-glycosides in relation to erythrocytes (RBCs) and human dermal vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Furthermore, on the basis of changes in the physical/functional properties of the cells, the structure–activity relationships of the compounds were determined. Concerning erythrocytes, we analyzed the antioxidant activity of the compounds and their impact on the RBCs’ shape and transmembrane potential. The compounds’ cytotoxic activity, ability to modulate apoptosis, cell cycle, and intracellular ROS generation, as well as inhibitory activity against AAPH-inducted oxidative stress, were determined in relation to HMEC-1 cells. We demonstrated that biological activity of cyanidin and its O-glycosides strongly depends on the number and type of sugar substituents, and varies depending on the extracellular environment and type of cells. The compounds are practically non-cytotoxic, and do not induce apoptosis or disturb the progression of the cell cycle. Additionally, the compounds alter the shape of RBCs, but they do not affect their transmembrane potential. They effectively protect erythrocytes against free radicals and affect intracellular reactive oxygen spices (ROS) generation under physiological and AAPH-induced oxidative stress conditions. Our results suggest a potential beneficial effect of cyanidin on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Cyboran-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Solarska-Ściuk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Mieszała
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Natalia Glatzel-Plucińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karolina Matczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Halina Kleszczyńska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
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Habinshuti I, Chen X, Yu J, Mukeshimana O, Duhoranimana E, Karangwa E, Muhoza B, Zhang M, Xia S, Zhang X. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and sensory properties of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) derived from sunflower, soybean and corn meal hydrolysates. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Sampling for DUS Test of Flower Colors of Ranunculus asiaticus L. in View of Spatial and Temporal Changes of Flower Colorations, Anthocyanin Contents, and Gene Expression Levels. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030615. [PMID: 30744185 PMCID: PMC6384639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sampling for DUS test of flower colors should be fixed at the stages and sites that petals are fully colored, and besides, flower colorations are uniform among individuals and stable for a period of time to allow testers to get consistent results. It remains a problem since spatial and temporal flower colorations are reported a lot but their change traits are little discussed. In this study, expression state, uniformity and stability of color phenotypes, anthocyanin contents, and gene expression levels were taken into account based on measurements at 12 development stages and three layers (inner, middle, and outer petals) of two varieties of Ranunculus asiaticus L. to get their best sampling. Our results showed that, outer petals of L9–L10 (stage 9–stage 10 of variety ‘Jiaoyan zhuanhong’) and C5–C6 (stage 5–stage 6 of variety ‘Jiaoyan yanghong’) were the best sampling, respectively. For DUS test, it is suggested to track flower colorations continuously to get the best sampling as well as representative colors since different cultivars had different change traits, and moreover, full expression of color phenotypes came later and lasted for a shorter duration than those of anthocyanin contents and gene expressions. Our innovation exists in following two points. Firstly, a model of change dynamic was introduced to illustrate the change traits of flower colorations, anthocyanin contents, and gene expressions. Secondly, genes used for expression analysis were screened on account of tentative anthocyanins, which were identified based on comparison between liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) results and molecular mass and mass fragment pattern (M2) of each putative anthocyanin and their fragments deduced in our previous study. Gene screening in this regard may also be interest for other non-model plant genera with little molecular background.
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Qu G, Chen J, Guo X. The beneficial and deleterious role of dietary polyphenols on chronic degenerative diseases by regulating gene expression. Biosci Trends 2018; 12:526-536. [PMID: 30606977 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols, a natural component in many kinds of foods such as fruits and vegetables, play essential roles in a wide range of plant functions. Importantly, the discovery of the functions of polyphenols including anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory has been appealing to researchers' attentions. Dietary polyphenols have shown protective effects on chronic degenerative diseases (CDD) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases by regulating gene expression. Dietary polyphenols also affect the composition and activity of gut microbiota, in reverse, gut microbiota influences the bioavailability and physiological activity of dietary polyphenols. However, not all kinds of dietary polyphenols are beneficial for human health. The potential deleterious effects of several dietary polyphenols have been reported by inducing DNA damage and gene mutants. This review summarizes the potential therapeutic effects of dietary polyphenols on chronic degeneration diseases, the polyphenols-gut microbiota interactions, and the potential dangers of individual dietary polyphenols on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Qu
- Shandong University Taishan College (Biological Research Training Program for Top-notch Students)
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University
| | - Xiuli Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University
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