1
|
Wang K, Zhang R, Hu W, Dang Y, Huang M, Wang N, Du S, Gao X. Effect of exogenous selenium on physicochemical, structural, functional, thermal, and gel rheological properties of mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) protein. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114706. [PMID: 39059959 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification during the growth process of mung bean is an effective method to improve the Se content and quality. However, the effect of Se biofortification on the physicochemical properties of mung bean protein is unclear. The objective of this study was to clarify the changes in the composition, Se forms, particle structure, functional properties, thermal stability, and gel properties of mung bean protein at four Se application levels. The results showed that the Se content of mung bean protein increased in a dose-dependent manner, with 7.96-fold (P1) and 8.52-fold (P2) enhancement at the highest concentration. Exogenous Se application promotes the conversion of inorganic Se to organic Se. Among them, selenomethionine (SeMet) and methyl selenocysteine (MeSeCys) replaced Met and Cys through the S metabolic pathway and became the dominant organic Se forms in Se-enriched mung bean protein, accounting for more than 80 % of the total Se content. Exogenous Se at 30 g/hm2 significantly up-regulated protein content and promoted the synthesis of sulfur-containing protein components and hydrophobic amino acids in the presence of increased levels of SeMet and MeSeCys. Meanwhile, Cys and Met substitution altered the sulfhydryl groups (SH), β-sheets, and β-turns of protein. The particle size and microstructural characteristics depend on the protein itself and were not affected by exogenous Se. The Se-induced increase in the content of hydrophobic amino acids and β-sheets synergistically increases the thermal stability of the protein. Moderate Se application altered the functional properties of mung bean protein, which was mainly reflected in the significant increase in oil holding capacity (OHC) and foaming capacity (FC). In addition, the increase in SH and β-sheets induced by exogenous Se could alter the protein intermolecular network, contributing to the increase in storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″), which resulted in the formation of more highly elastic gels. This study further promotes the application of mung bean protein in the field of food processing and provides a theoretical basis for the extensive development of Se-enriched mung bean protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Northwest A&F University, College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China; Northwest A&F University, College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ruipu Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenxuan Hu
- Northwest A&F University, College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yueyi Dang
- Northwest A&F University, College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mengdi Huang
- Luoyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Na Wang
- Weinan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Weinan 714000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuangkui Du
- Northwest A&F University, College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Northwest A&F University, College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tong M, Zhai K, Duan Y, Xia W, Zhao B, Zhang L, Chu J, Yao X. Selenium alleviates the adverse effects of microplastics on kale by regulating photosynthesis, redox homeostasis, secondary metabolism and hormones. Food Chem 2024; 450:139349. [PMID: 38631205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Kale is a functional food with anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anemia prevention properties. The harmful effects of the emerging pollutant microplastic (MP) on plants have been widely studied, but there is limited research how to mitigate MP damage on plants. Numerous studies have shown that Se is involved in regulating plant resistance to abiotic stresses. The paper investigated impact of MP and Se on kale growth, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, phytochemicals, and endogenous hormones. Results revealed that MP triggered a ROS burst, which led to breakdown of antioxidant system in kale, and had significant toxic effects on photosynthetic system, biomass, and accumulation of secondary metabolites, as well as a significant decrease in IAA and a significant increase in GA. Under MP supply, Se mitigated the adverse effects of MP on kale by increasing photosynthetic pigment content, stimulating function of antioxidant system, enhancing secondary metabolite synthesis, and modulating hormonal networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kuizhi Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yusui Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wansheng Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Bingnan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jianzhou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hussain B, Yin X, Lin Q, Hamid Y, Usman M, Hashmi MLUR, Lu M, Imran Taqi M, He Z, Yang XE. Mitigating cadmium exposure risk in rice with foliar nano-selenium: Investigations through Caco-2 human cell line in-vivo bioavailability assay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124356. [PMID: 38866319 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The contamination of paddy fields by cadmium and lead is a major issue in China. The consumption of rice grown in heavy metals contaminated areas poses severe health risks to humans, where bioavailability and bioaccessibility remains the critical factor for risk determination. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) can mitigate the toxicity of heavy metals in plants. However, there exists limited information regarding the role of Se-NPs in dictating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice for human consumption. Moreover, the impact of Se-NPs under simultaneous field and laboratory controlled conditions is rarely documented. To address this knowledge gap, a field experiment was conducted followed by laboratory scale bioavailability assays. Foliar application of Se-NPs and selenite (at 5, 10 mg L-1) was performed to assess their efficiency in lowering Cd accumulation, promoting Se biofortification in rice grains, and evaluating Cd exposure risk from contaminated rice. Obtained results indicate that foliar treatments significantly reduced the heavy metal accumulation in rice grains. Specifically, Se-NP 10 mg L-1 demonstrated higher efficiency, reducing Cd and Pb by 56 and 32 % respectively. However, inconsistent trends for bioavailable Cd (0.03 mg kg-1) and bioaccessible (0.04 mg kg-1) were observed while simulated human rice intake. Furthermore, the foliage application of Se-NPs and selenite improved rice quality by elevating Se, Zn, Fe, and protein levels, while lowering phytic acid content in rice grains. In summary, this study suggests the promising potential of foliage spraying of Se-NPs in lowering the health risks associated with consuming Cd-contaminated rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyuan Yin
- Beautiful Rural Construction Center of Quzhou, Quzhou, 324003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Université de Rennes, Ecole National e Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Muhammad Laeeq-Ur-Rehman Hashmi
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Taqi
- Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zhenli He
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA
| | - Xiao E Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kathi S, Laza H, Singh S, Thompson L, Li W, Simpson C. Simultaneous biofortification of vitamin C and mineral nutrients in arugula microgreens. Food Chem 2024; 440:138180. [PMID: 38104455 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Microgreens have shown promise in improving the overall nutritional value of diets due to their high nutrient density. Agronomic biofortification, is an efficient strategy for enhancing the nutritional value of crops, including microgreens. This study aimed to biofortify vitamin C and other essential nutrients in arugula microgreens using four treatments containing 0.25 % ascorbic acid, pH adjusted with different bases: KOH, Ca(OH)2, ZnCO3, or NaOH and a deionized water control. The results indicate that ascorbic acid-treated microgreens had more vitamin C, greater fresh weight and % dry matter than the control. The ascorbic acid + Zn treatment had an 135 % average increase in vitamin C compared to the control. Microgreens treated with ascorbic acid also showed increased levels of minerals that are present in the nutrient solution, such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and zinc. This research contributes to the growing interest in microgreens biofortification and their role in addressing multi-nutrient deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kathi
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Haydee Laza
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Leslie Thompson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Catherine Simpson
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ikram S, Li Y, Lin C, Yi D, Heng W, Li Q, Tao L, Hongjun Y, Weijie J. Selenium in plants: A nexus of growth, antioxidants, and phytohormones. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 296:154237. [PMID: 38583194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for both human and animals. Plants serve as the primary source of Se in the food chain. Se concentration and availability in plants is influenced by soil properties and environmental conditions. Optimal Se levels promote plant growth and enhance stress tolerance, while excessive Se concentration can result in toxicity. Se enhances plants ROS scavenging ability by promoting antioxidant compound synthesis. The ability of Se to maintain redox balance depends upon ROS compounds, stress conditions and Se application rate. Furthermore, Se-dependent antioxidant compound synthesis is critically reliant on plant macro and micro nutritional status. As these nutrients are fundamental for different co-factors and amino acid synthesis. Additionally, phytohormones also interact with Se to promote plant growth. Hence, utilization of phytohormones and modified crop nutrition can improve Se-dependent crop growth and plant stress tolerance. This review aims to explore the assimilation of Se into plant proteins, its intricate effect on plant redox status, and the specific interactions between Se and phytohormones. Furthermore, we highlight the proposed physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying Se-mediated phytohormone-dependent plant growth modulation and identified research opportunities that could contribute to sustainable agricultural production in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sufian Ikram
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Debao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hongjun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Weijie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu B, An H, Song X, Yang B, Jian Z, Cui F, Xue J, Gao Z, Du T. Enhancement of Nutritional Substance, Trace Elements, and Pigments in Waxy Maize Grains through Foliar Application of Selenite. Foods 2024; 13:1337. [PMID: 38731708 PMCID: PMC11083303 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient known for its essential role in human health and plant metabolism. Waxy maize (Zea mays L. sinensis kulesh)-known for its high nutritional quality and distinctive flavor-holds significant consumer appeal. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effects of foliar Se spraying on the nutritional quality of waxy maize grains, with a focus on identifying varietal differences and determining optimal Se dosage levels for maximizing nutritional benefits. We employed a two-factor split-plot design to assess the nutritional quality, trace elements, and pigment content of jinnuo20 (J20) and caitiannuo1965 (C1965) at the milk stage after being subjected to varying Se doses sprayed on five leaves. Our findings indicate superior nutrient content in J20 compared to C1965, with both varieties exhibiting optimal quality under Se3 treatment, falling within the safe range of Se-enriched agricultural products. JS3 (0.793) demonstrated the highest overall quality, followed by JS2 (0.606), JS4 (0.411), and JS1 (0.265), while CS0 had the lowest (-0.894). These results underscore the potential of foliar biofortification to enhance the functional component contents of waxy maize grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Lu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (B.L.)
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Haoyuan An
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (B.L.)
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xinli Song
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (B.L.)
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Bosen Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (B.L.)
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Zhuqing Jian
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (B.L.)
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Fuzhu Cui
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (B.L.)
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jianfu Xue
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (B.L.)
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (B.L.)
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Tianqing Du
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (B.L.)
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
García-Tenesaca M, Llugany M, Boada R, Sánchez-Martín MJ, Valiente M. Phytochemical Profile, Bioactive Properties, and Se Speciation of Se-Biofortified Red Radish ( Raphanus sativus), Green Pea ( Pisum sativum), and Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) Microgreens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4947-4957. [PMID: 38393752 PMCID: PMC10921463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The impact of selenium (Se) enrichment on bioactive compounds and sugars and Se speciation was assessed on different microgreens (green pea, red radish, and alfalfa). Sodium selenite and sodium selenate at a total concentration of 20 μM (1:1) lead to a noticeable Se biofortification (40-90 mg Se kg-1 DW). In green pea and alfalfa, Se did not negatively impact phenolics and antioxidant capacity, while in red radish, a significant decrease was found. Regarding photosynthetic parameters, Se notably increased the level of chlorophylls and carotenoids in green pea, decreased chlorophyll levels in alfalfa, and had no effect on red radish. Se treatment significantly increased sugar levels in green pea and alfalfa but not in red radish. Red radish had the highest Se amino acid content (59%), followed by alfalfa (34%) and green pea (28%). These findings suggest that Se-biofortified microgreens have the potential as functional foods to improve Se intake in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn
M. García-Tenesaca
- GTS
Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mercè Llugany
- Plant
Physiology Group (BABVE), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roberto Boada
- GTS
Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Sánchez-Martín
- GTS
Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manuel Valiente
- GTS
Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Delgado-Andrade C, Olías R, Marín-Manzano MC, Seiquer I, Clemente A. Chickpea Seed Flours Improve the Nutritional and the Antioxidant Profiles of Traditional Shortbread Biscuits: Effects of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:118. [PMID: 38247542 PMCID: PMC10812650 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional gluten-free biscuits enriched with commercial and landrace non-commercial chickpea flours were designed and compared with a traditional shortbread biscuit. They were analyzed in sensory attributes, amino acid profile, and antioxidant properties. Subsequently, the biscuits were digested in vitro to evaluate protein hydrolysis, amino acid bioaccessibility, phenolic compounds release, and antioxidant markers. The presence of chickpea flours provided golden color and heightened biscuit hardness and fracturability (especially in non-commercial), increasing crispness and reducing brittleness. The protein hydrolysis was similar among samples (≈15%), except for one of the non-commercial (≈20%). Amino acids such as arginine, phenylalanine, leucine, tyrosine, and lysine exhibited the highest bioaccessibilities. Incorporating chickpea flour improved the antioxidant activity and polyphenol content in undigested samples and bioaccesible fractions, with higher levels of p-coumaric and ferulic acids after digestion, regardless of the chickpea seed. Non-commercial flours increased the presence of resveratrol and/or catechin in the bioaccessible fraction. Antioxidant action assessed in the Caco-2 cell line showed that the protective effect against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation did not always correlate with the in vitro antioxidant capacity. Our data support that the inclusion of chickpea flours in the formulation of functional biscuits provides the consumer with products of added nutritional value with attractive organoleptic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabel Seiquer
- Departamento Nutrición y Producción Animal Sostenible, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), San Miguel 101, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.O.); (M.C.M.-M.); (A.C.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Viltres-Portales M, Sánchez-Martín MJ, Llugany M, Boada R, Valiente M. Selenium biofortification of microgreens: Influence on phytochemicals, pigments and nutrients. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108283. [PMID: 38142664 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.), kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bancal) microgreens were cultivated in presence of selenium 20 μmol L-1 as sodium selenite and sodium selenate mixture. The influence of this biofortification process was evaluated in terms of biomass production, total Se, macro- and micronutrients concentration, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, chlorophylls and carotenoids levels and total soluble proteins content. The results obtained have shown a significant concentration of total Se in the biofortified microgreens of kale (133 μg Se·g-1 DW) and kohlrabi (127 μg Se·g-1 DW) higher than that obtained for wheat (28 μg Se·g-1 DW). The Se uptake in all the species did not produce oxidative damage to the plants reflected in the bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity or pigments concentration. These Se-enriched microgreens may contribute to the recommended intake of this nutrient in human diet as to overcome Se-deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Viltres-Portales
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Universidad de La Habana, Zapata y G, Vedado, Plaza, 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - María-Jesús Sánchez-Martín
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Mercè Llugany
- Plant Physiology Group (BABVE), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roberto Boada
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manuel Valiente
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dey S, Raychaudhuri SS. Selenium biofortification improves bioactive composition and antioxidant status in Plantago ovata Forsk., a medicinal plant. Genes Environ 2023; 45:38. [PMID: 38111072 PMCID: PMC10729483 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans, but its deficiency as well as toxicity affects large number of people worldwide. Plantago ovata, a commercially important medicinal plant, is mainly cultivated in western regions of India, where elevated levels of Se have been found in soil. Thus, we evaluated the potential of Se biofortification in P. ovata via phytoremediation and its effect on the bioactive composition. RESULTS The results showed a significant alteration in various morphological and physiological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. The 10 µM Se dose improved seedling height, biomass and total chlorophyll content. There was a gradual increase in total Se content, with highest accumulation of 457.65 µg/g FW at 500 µM Se treatment. Se positively affected the antioxidative metabolism which was measured from the change in total antioxidant capacity, radical scavenging activity and Metallothionein 2 expression. Increasing levels of Se also affected the PAL activity, total polyphenol and flavonoid content. Caffeic acid, Coumaric acid and Rutin were found to be the most abundant phenolic compounds. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of selenium (below 50 µM) can successfully improve Se accumulation and elicit production of various polyphenols without hampering plant growth. Thus, Se fortification of P. ovata seedlings via phytoremediation appears to be a feasible and efficient way to enhance its nutraceutical value in dietary products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sankalan Dey
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Sarmistha Sen Raychaudhuri
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou B, Cao H, Wu Q, Mao K, Yang X, Su J, Zhang H. Agronomic and Genetic Strategies to Enhance Selenium Accumulation in Crops and Their Influence on Quality. Foods 2023; 12:4442. [PMID: 38137246 PMCID: PMC10742783 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of humans, animals, and certain plants. It is extensively present throughout the Earth's crust and is absorbed by crops in the form of selenates and selenite, eventually entering the food chain. Se biofortification is an agricultural process that employs agronomic and genetic strategies. Its goal is to enhance the mechanisms of crop uptake and the accumulation of exogenous Se, resulting in the production of crops enriched with Se. This process ultimately contributes to promoting human health. Agronomic strategies in Se biofortification aim to enhance the availability of exogenous Se in crops. Concurrently, genetic strategies focus on improving a crop's capacity to uptake, transport, and accumulate Se. Early research primarily concentrated on optimizing Se biofortification methods, improving Se fertilizer efficiency, and enhancing Se content in crops. In recent years, there has been a growing realization that Se can effectively enhance crop growth and increase crop yield, thereby contributing to alleviating food shortages. Additionally, Se has been found to promote the accumulation of macro-nutrients, antioxidants, and beneficial mineral elements in crops. The supplementation of Se biofortified foods is gradually emerging as an effective approach for promoting human dietary health and alleviating hidden hunger. Therefore, in this paper, we provide a comprehensive summary of the Se biofortification conducted over the past decade, mainly focusing on Se accumulation in crops and its impact on crop quality. We discuss various Se biofortification strategies, with an emphasis on the impact of Se fertilizer strategies on crop Se accumulation and their underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight Se's role in enhancing crop quality and offer perspective on Se biofortification in crop improvement, guiding future mechanistic explorations and applications of Se biofortification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haorui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junxia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang F, Li J, Du XL, Wang SJ, Xu XH, Zhang YQ, Yang R. Two new constituents from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3418-3425. [PMID: 35587643 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2078324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two new constituents: a neolignan, salignan A (1) and a phenolic acid, salside A (2), along with two known compounds (3, 4) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. All structures were assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was characterised by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and the IC50 values are 11.58 and 10.73 μM, respectively. Compound 4 displayed moderate antioxidant activity to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals, and the IC50 values are 7.96 and 1.10 μM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Lei Du
- Shandong Guang Yu Tang Chinese Traditional Medicine Co., Ltd, Jining, China
| | - Shi-Jun Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Hao Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yong-Qing Zhang
- Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng H, Li L, Dong J, Wang S, Wu S, Rao S, Li L, Cheng S, Li L. Transcriptome and physiological determination reveal the effects of selenite on the growth and selenium metabolism in mung bean sprouts. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112880. [PMID: 37254328 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification of crops has been studied to substantially improve the Se content in human dietary food intake. In the present study, Vigna radiata (mung bean) seeds were soaked in different concentrations of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Low concentration of selenite is conducive to seed germination and growth, and can increase the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of sprouts. The concentration of Na2SeO3 lower than 50 mg/kg resulted in noticeable elongation in the stem and marginal elongation in root. Mung bean seeds soaked with 80 mg/kg Na2SeO3 accounted for 93.77% of organic Se after growing for about 5 days. Transcriptome data revealed that Se treatment enhances starch and sugar metabolism, along with the up-regulation of ribosomal protein and DNA synthesis related genes. Further analysis indicated that the mung bean seeds absorbed Na2SeO3 through PHT1.1 and NIP2. Se (IV) was transformed into Se (VI) and transported to stems, leaves and roots through cotyledons during the germination of bean sprouts. SULTR3;3 may play an important role in the transit process. Se (VI) or Se (IV) transported to the leaves was catalytically transformed into SeCys through SiR and CS, and SeCys is further converted to MeSeCys through SMT. Most SeCys were transformed into SeHCys through CBL, transported to plastids, and finally transformed into SeMet through Met Synthase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China; College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Jingzhou Dong
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Shiyan Wang
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Shen Rao
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Linling Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China; College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei Huanggang 438000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mejía-Ramírez F, Benavides-Mendoza A, González-Morales S, Juárez-Maldonado A, Lara-Viveros FM, Morales-Díaz AB, Morelos-Moreno Á. Seed Priming Based on Iodine and Selenium Influences the Nutraceutical Compounds in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) Crop. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1265. [PMID: 37371995 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of trace elements in agriculture as a complement to crop fertilization programs is a practice that is gaining importance and relevance worldwide. Iodine and selenium perform essential functions in human health, related to the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, acting as antioxidants and antiproliferatives, and their limited intake through food consumption can cause malnutrition, reflected in the abnormal development and growth of humans. This research aimed to evaluate the nutraceutical quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in response to seed priming based on KIO3 (0, 100, 150, 200, 250 mg L-1) and Na2SeO3 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 mg L-1), performed by interaction from a 52-factorial design and by independent factors in a 24-h imbibition time. The tomato crop was established under greenhouse conditions in 10-L polyethylene containers containing peat moss and perlite 1:1 (v/v). Regarding non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds, lycopene, β-carotene and flavonoid contents in tomato fruits significantly increased with KIO3 and Na2SeO3 treatments; however, vitamin C content was negatively affected. KIO3 increased the phenol and chlorophyll-a contents of leaves. In relation to enzymatic activity, KIO3 positively influenced GSH content and PAL activity in tomato fruits. KIO3 also positively influenced GSH content in leaves while negatively affecting PAL and APX activities. Na2SeO3 favored GSH content and GPX activity in tomato fruits and leaves. Na2SeO3 negatively affected the antioxidant capacity of hydrophilic compounds by ABTS in fruits and leaves and favored hydrophilic compounds by DPPH in leaves. Seed imbibition based on KIO3 and Na2SeO3 is a method that is implemented in the tomato crop and presents interesting aspects that favor the nutraceutical quality of tomato fruits, which may contribute to increasing the intake of these minerals in humans through tomato consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mejía-Ramírez
- Department of Horticulture, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico
| | | | - Susana González-Morales
- National Council of Humanities, Science and Technology (CONAHCYT), Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco Marcelo Lara-Viveros
- Department of Biosciences and Agrotechnology, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Saltillo 25294, Mexico
| | - América Berenice Morales-Díaz
- Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Ramos Arizpe 25900, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Morelos-Moreno
- National Council of Humanities, Science and Technology (CONAHCYT), Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Skrypnik L, Feduraev P, Golovin A, Maslennikov P, Styran T, Antipina M, Riabova A, Katserov D. The Integral Boosting Effect of Selenium on the Secondary Metabolism of Higher Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3432. [PMID: 36559543 PMCID: PMC9788459 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is a micronutrient with a wide range of functions in animals, including humans, and in microorganisms such as microalgae. However, its role in plant metabolism remains ambiguous. Recent studies of Se supplementation showed that not only does it increase the content of the element itself, but also affects the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants. The purpose of this review is to analyze and summarize the available data on the place of selenium in the secondary metabolism of plants and its effect on the accumulation of some plant metabolites (S- and N-containing secondary metabolites, terpenes, and phenolic compounds). In addition, possible molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways underlying these effects are discussed. It should be noted that available data on the effect of Se on the accumulation of secondary metabolites are inconsistent and contradictory. According to some studies, selenium has a positive effect on the accumulation of certain metabolites, while other similar studies show a negative effect or no effect at all. The following aspects were identified as possible ways of regulating plant secondary metabolism by Se-supplementation: changes occurring in primary S/N metabolism, hormonal regulation, redox metabolism, as well as at the transcriptomic level of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In all likelihood, the confusion in the results can be explained by other, more complex regulatory mechanisms in which selenium is involved and which affect the production of metabolites. Further study on the involvement of various forms of selenium in metabolic and signaling pathways is crucial for a deeper understanding of its role in growth, development, and health of plants, as well as the regulatory mechanisms behind them.
Collapse
|
16
|
Dávila-Vega JP, Gastelum-Hernández AC, Serrano-Sandoval SN, Serna-Saldívar SO, Guitiérrez-Uribe JA, Milán-Carrillo J, Martínez-Cuesta MC, Guardado-Félix D. Metabolism and Anticancer Mechanisms of Selocompounds: Comprehensive Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03467-1. [PMID: 36342630 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with several functions in cellular and molecular anticancer processes. There is evidence that Se depending on its chemical form and the dosage use could act as a modulator in some anticancer mechanisms. However, the metabolism of organic and inorganic forms of dietary selenium converges on the main pathways. Different selenocompounds have been reported to have crucial roles as chemopreventive agents, such as antioxidant activity, activation of apoptotic pathways, selective cytotoxicity, antiangiogenic effect, and cell cycle modulation. Nowadays, great interest has arisen to find therapies that could enhance the antitumor effects of different Se sources. Herein, different studies are reported related to the effects of combinatorial therapies, where Se is used in combination with proteins, polysaccharides, chemotherapeutic agents or as nanoparticles. Another important factor is the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes related to Se metabolism or selenoprotein synthesis which could prevent cancer. These studies and mechanisms show promising results in cancer therapies. This review aims to compile studies that have demonstrated the anticancer effects of Se at molecular levels and its potential to be used as chemopreventive and in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Dávila-Vega
- Escuela de Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Ana Carolina Gastelum-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, FCQB-UAS, AP 1354, CP 80000, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Sayra N Serrano-Sandoval
- Escuela de Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Sergio O Serna-Saldívar
- Escuela de Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Janet A Guitiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Escuela de Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Campus Puebla, Vía Atlixcáyotl 5718, C.P. 72453, Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Jorge Milán-Carrillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - M Carmen Martínez-Cuesta
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Guardado-Félix
- Escuela de Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, México.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li L, Yu J, Li L, Rao S, Wu S, Wang S, Cheng S, Cheng H. Treatment of Ginkgo biloba with Exogenous Sodium Selenite Affects Its Physiological Growth, Changes Its Phytohormones, and Synthesizes Its Terpene Lactones. Molecules 2022; 27:7548. [PMID: 36364373 PMCID: PMC9655945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide is a unique terpenoid natural compound in Ginkgo biloba, and it has an important medicinal value. Proper selenium has been reported to promote plant growth and development, and improve plant quality, stress resistance, and disease resistance. In order to study the effects of exogenous selenium (Se) on the physiological growth and the content of terpene triolactones (TTLs) in G. biloba seedlings, the seedlings in this work were treated with Na2SeO3. Then, the physiological indexes, the content of the TTLs, and the expression of the related genes were determined. The results showed that a low dose of Na2SeO3 was beneficial to plant photosynthesis as it promoted the growth of ginkgo seedlings and increased the root to shoot ratio. Foliar Se application significantly increased the content of soluble sugar and protein and promoted the content of TTLs in ginkgo leaves; indeed, it reached the maximum value of 7.95 mg/g in the ninth week, whereas the application of Se to the roots inhibited the synthesis of TTLs. Transcriptome analysis showed that foliar Se application promoted the expression levels of GbMECPs, GbMECT, GbHMGR, and GbMVD genes, whereas its application to the roots promoted the expression of GbDXS and GbDXR genes. The combined analysis results of metabolome and transcriptome showed that genes such as GbDXS, GbDXR, GbHMGR, GbMECPs, and GbCYP450 were significantly positively correlated with transcription factors (TFs) GbWRKY and GbAP2/ERF, and they were also positively correlated with the contents of terpene lactones (ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide M, and bilobalide). Endogenous hormones (MeJA-ILE, ETH, and GA7) were also involved in this process. The results suggested that Na2SeO3 treatment affected the transcription factors related to the regulation of endogenous hormones in G. biloba, and further regulated the expression of genes related to the terpene synthesis structure, thus promoting the synthesis of ginkgo TTLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linling Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shen Rao
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shiyan Wang
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang F, Li X, Wu Q, Lu P, Kang Q, Zhao M, Wang A, Dong Q, Sun M, Yang Z, Gao Z. Selenium Application Enhances the Accumulation of Flavones and Anthocyanins in Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Grains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13431-13444. [PMID: 36198089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification in wheat reduces the risk of Se deficiency in humans. Se biofortification increases the concentration of Se and anthocyanins in wheat grains. However, it is unknown whether Se biofortification can enhance flavonoids other than anthocyanins and the mechanism underlying flavonoid accumulation in wheat grains. Here, foliar application of selenite solution in wheat was conducted 10 days after flowering. Metabolite profiling and transcriptome sequencing were performed in Se-treated grains. A significant increase in the total contents of Se, anthocyanins, and flavonoids was observed in Se-treated mature grains. Twenty-seven significantly increased flavonoids were identified in Se-treated immature grains. The significant accumulation of flavones (tricin, tricin derivatives, and chrysoeriol derivatives) was detected, and six anthocyanins, dihydroquercetin (the precursor for anthocyanin biosynthesis) and catechins were also increased. Integrated analysis of metabolites and transcriptome revealed that Se application enhanced the biosynthesis of flavones, dihydroquercetin, anthocyanins, and catechins by increasing the expression levels of seven key structural genes in flavonoid biosynthesis (two TaF3Hs, two TaDFRs, one TaF3'5'H, one TaOMT, and one TaANR). Our findings shed new light on the molecular mechanism underlying the enhancement in flavonoid accumulation by Se supplementation and pave the way for further enhancing the nutritional value of wheat grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xueyin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ping Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Qingfang Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Qi Dong
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhenping Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang K, Yuan Y, Luo X, Shen Z, Huang Y, Zhou H, Gao X. Effects of exogenous selenium application on nutritional quality and metabolomic characteristics of mung bean ( Vigna radiata L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:961447. [PMID: 36061759 PMCID: PMC9433778 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.961447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification is an important strategy for reducing hidden hunger by increasing the nutritional quality of crops. However, there is limited metabolomic information on the nutritional quality of Se-enriched mung beans. In this study, physiological assays and LC-MS/MS based widely targeted metabolomics approach was employed to reveal the Se biofortification potential of mung bean by evaluating the effect of Se on mung bean nutraceutical compounds and their qualitative parameters. Physiological data showed that foliar application of 30 g ha-1 Se at key growth stages significantly increased the content of Se, protein, fat, total phenols, and total flavonoids content in two mung bean varieties. Widely targeted metabolomics identified 1,080 metabolites, among which L-Alanyl-L-leucine, 9,10-Dihydroxy-12,13-epoxyoctadecanoic acid, and 1-caffeoylquinic acid could serve as biomarkers for identifying highly nutritious mung bean varieties. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways of different metabolites were different in the Se-enriched mung bean. Specifically, P1 was mainly enriched in the linoleic acid metabolic pathway, while P2 was mainly enriched in the phosphonate and phosphinate metabolic pathways. Overall, these results revealed the specific Se enrichment mechanism of different mung bean varieties. This study provides new insights into the comprehensive improvement of the nutritional quality of mung beans.
Collapse
|
20
|
Paucar-Menacho LM, Castillo-Martínez WE, Simpalo-Lopez WD, Verona-Ruiz A, Lavado-Cruz A, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Peñas E, Frias J, Schmiele M. Performance of Thermoplastic Extrusion, Germination, Fermentation, and Hydrolysis Techniques on Phenolic Compounds in Cereals and Pseudocereals. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131957. [PMID: 35804772 PMCID: PMC9265478 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, are phytochemicals found in significant amounts in cereals and pseudocereals and are usually evaluated by spectrophotometric (UV-VIS), HPLC, and LC-MS techniques. However, their bioavailability in grains is quite limited. This restriction on bioavailability and bioaccessibility occurs because they are in conjugated polymeric forms. Additionally, they can be linked through chemical esterification and etherification to macro components. Techniques such as thermoplastic extrusion, germination, fermentation, and hydrolysis have been widely studied to release phenolic compounds in favor of their bioavailability and bioaccessibility, minimizing the loss of these thermosensitive components during processing. The increased availability of phenolic compounds increases the antioxidant capacity and favor their documented health promoting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz María Paucar-Menacho
- Departamento de Agroindustria y Agronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote 02711, Peru; (L.M.P.-M.); (W.E.C.-M.); (W.D.S.-L.); (A.V.-R.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Williams Esteward Castillo-Martínez
- Departamento de Agroindustria y Agronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote 02711, Peru; (L.M.P.-M.); (W.E.C.-M.); (W.D.S.-L.); (A.V.-R.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Wilson Daniel Simpalo-Lopez
- Departamento de Agroindustria y Agronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote 02711, Peru; (L.M.P.-M.); (W.E.C.-M.); (W.D.S.-L.); (A.V.-R.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Anggie Verona-Ruiz
- Departamento de Agroindustria y Agronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote 02711, Peru; (L.M.P.-M.); (W.E.C.-M.); (W.D.S.-L.); (A.V.-R.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Alicia Lavado-Cruz
- Departamento de Agroindustria y Agronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote 02711, Peru; (L.M.P.-M.); (W.E.C.-M.); (W.D.S.-L.); (A.V.-R.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga
- Department of Technological Processes and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (E.P.) (J.F.)
| | - Elena Peñas
- Department of Technological Processes and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (E.P.) (J.F.)
| | - Juana Frias
- Department of Technological Processes and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (E.P.) (J.F.)
| | - Marcio Schmiele
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), MGT-367 Highway-Km 583, No. 5000, Diamantina 39100-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-38988037758
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen Q, Chen X, Li S, Ning F, Xiong H, Zhao Q. Preparation, characterization, and in vitro antioxidant activities of natural selenium-enriched peanut protein fractions. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Huang Y, Fan B, Lei N, Xiong Y, Liu Y, Tong L, Wang F, Maesen P, Blecker C. Selenium Biofortification of Soybean Sprouts: Effects of Selenium Enrichment on Proteins, Protein Structure, and Functional Properties. Front Nutr 2022; 9:849928. [PMID: 35592631 PMCID: PMC9113265 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification during germination is an efficient method for producing Se-enriched soybean sprouts; however, few studies have investigated Se distribution in different germinated soybean proteins and its effects on protein fractions. Herein, we examined Se distribution and speciation in the dominant proteins 7S and 11S of raw soybean (RS), germinated soybean (GS), and germinated soybean with Se biofortification (GS-Se). The effects of germination and Se treatment on protein structure, functional properties, and antioxidant capacity were also determined. The Se concentration in GS-Se was 79.8-fold higher than that in GS. Selenomethionine and methylselenocysteine were the dominant Se species in GS-Se, accounting for 41.5–80.5 and 19.5–21.2% of the total Se with different concentrations of Se treatment, respectively. Se treatment had no significant effects on amino acids but decreased methionine in 11S. In addition, the α-helix contents decreased as the Se concentration increased; the other structures showed no significant changes. The Se treatment also had no significant effects on the water and oil-holding capacities in protein but increased the foaming capacity and emulsion activity index (EAI) of 7S, but only the EAI of 11S. The Se treatment also significantly increased the antioxidant capacity in 7S but not in 11S. This study indicates that the dominant proteins 7S and 11S have different Se enrichment abilities, and the protein structures, functional properties, and antioxidant capacity of GS can be altered by Se biofortification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Food Science and Formulation, Bureau d'études Environnement et Analyses (BEAGx), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ningyu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Litao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengzhong Wang
| | - Philippe Maesen
- Department of Food Science and Formulation, Bureau d'études Environnement et Analyses (BEAGx), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Philippe Maesen
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Department of Food Science and Formulation, Bureau d'études Environnement et Analyses (BEAGx), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Christophe Blecker
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang Y, Lei N, Xiong Y, Liu Y, Tong L, Wang F, Fan B, Maesen P, Blecker C. Influence of Selenium Biofortification of Soybeans on Speciation and Transformation during Seed Germination and Sprouts Quality. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091200. [PMID: 35563923 PMCID: PMC9104096 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification during seed germination is important not only to meet nutritional demands but also to prevent Se-deficiency-related diseases by producing Se-enriched foods. In this study, we evaluated effects of Se biofortification of soybeans on the Se concentration, speciation, and species transformation as well as nutrients and bioactive compounds in sprouts during germination. Soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings were cultivated in the dark in an incubator with controlled temperature and water conditions and harvested at different time points after soaking in Se solutions (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/L). Five Se species and main nutrients in the sprouts were determined. The total Se content increased by 87.3 times, and a large portion of inorganic Se was transformed into organic Se during 24 h of germination, with 89.3% of the total Se was bound to soybean protein. Methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) and selenomethionine (SeMet) were the dominant Se species, MeSeCys decreased during the germination, but SeMet had opposite trend. Se biofortification increased contents of total polyphenol and isoflavonoid compounds and amino acids (both total and essential), especially in low-concentration Se treatment. In conclusion, Se-enriched soybean sprouts have promising potential for Se supplementation and as functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Department of Food Science and Formulation, TERRA Research Centre, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (P.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Ningyu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Yangyang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Litao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (N.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (L.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Philippe Maesen
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Department of Food Science and Formulation, TERRA Research Centre, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (P.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Department of Food Science and Formulation, TERRA Research Centre, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (P.M.); (C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cadmium-Tolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum Improves Growth Attributes and Strengthens Antioxidant System in Chili (Capsicum frutescens). SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The remediation of potentially toxic element-polluted soils can be accomplished through the use of microbial and plant-assisted bioremediation. A total of 32 bacteria were isolated from soil samples contaminated with potentially toxic elements. The isolated bacterial strain DG-20 showed high tolerance to cadmium (up to 18 mM) and also showed bioaccumulative Cd removal properties, as demonstrated by atomic absorption spectroscopy studies. By sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, this strain was identified as Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum. Under stress and normal conditions, isolate DG-20 also produced a wide range of plant growth promoting traits, including ammonia production (51–73 µg/mL) and IAA production (116–183 µg/mL), alongside siderophore production and phosphate solubilization. Additionally, pot experiments were conducted to determine whether the strain could promote Chili growth when Cd salts are present. Over the control, bacterial colonization increased root and shoot lengths significantly up to 58% and 60%, respectively. Following inoculation with the Cd-tolerant strain, the plants also increased in both fresh and dry weight. In both the control and inoculated plants, Cd was accumulated more in roots than in shoots, indicating that Chili was phytostabilizing Cd levels. Besides improving the plant attributes, Cd-tolerant bacteria were also found to increase the amount of total chlorophyll, proline, total phenol, and ascorbic acid in the soil when added to the soil. These results suggest that the inoculant provides protection to plants from negative effects. The results of the present study predict that the combined properties of the tested strain in terms of Cd tolerance and plant growth promotion can be exploited for the purpose of the bioremediation of Cd, and for the improvement of Chili cultivation in soils contaminated with Cd.
Collapse
|
25
|
Ebert AW. Sprouts and Microgreens-Novel Food Sources for Healthy Diets. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040571. [PMID: 35214902 PMCID: PMC8877763 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With the growing interest of society in healthy eating, the interest in fresh, ready-to-eat, functional food, such as microscale vegetables (sprouted seeds and microgreens), has been on the rise in recent years globally. This review briefly describes the crops commonly used for microscale vegetable production, highlights Brassica vegetables because of their health-promoting secondary metabolites (polyphenols, glucosinolates), and looks at consumer acceptance of sprouts and microgreens. Apart from the main crops used for microscale vegetable production, landraces, wild food plants, and crops' wild relatives often have high phytonutrient density and exciting flavors and tastes, thus providing the scope to widen the range of crops and species used for this purpose. Moreover, the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals often vary with plant growth and development within the same crop. Sprouted seeds and microgreens are often more nutrient-dense than ungerminated seeds or mature vegetables. This review also describes the environmental and priming factors that may impact the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals of microscale vegetables. These factors include the growth environment, growing substrates, imposed environmental stresses, seed priming and biostimulants, biofortification, and the effect of light in controlled environments. This review also touches on microgreen market trends. Due to their short growth cycle, nutrient-dense sprouts and microgreens can be produced with minimal input; without pesticides, they can even be home-grown and harvested as needed, hence having low environmental impacts and a broad acceptance among health-conscious consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Ebert
- World Vegetable Center, 60 Yi-Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Islam MZ, Shim M, Jeong S, Lee Y. Effects of soaking and sprouting on bioactive compounds of black and red pigmented rice cultivars. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahirul Islam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Gachon University Seongnam 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Min‐Jung Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Gachon University Seongnam 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Su‐Yeon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Gachon University Seongnam 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Tack Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Gachon University Seongnam 13120 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang M, Zhu Y, Wang P, Gu Z, Yang R. Effect of γ-aminobutyric Acid on Phenolics Metabolism in Barley Seedlings under Low NaCl Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091421. [PMID: 34573053 PMCID: PMC8467947 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been revealed that high NaCl stress (>60 mmol L-1) induced phenolics accumulation in barley seedlings, with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) playing a key role. Interestingly, low NaCl stimulus (20 mmol L-1) enhancing phenolics synthesis and growth of barley seedlings was also reported recently. Hence, exogenous GABA and its bio-synthesis inhibitor 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP) were applied to reveal the mechanism of GABA regulating phenolics metabolism in barley seedlings treated with 20 mmol L-1 NaCl. The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids significantly increased by 11.64% and 14.52% under NaCl, respectively. The addition of GABA further increased phenolics and flavonoids contents, especially for gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin, compared with NaCl treatment. Simultaneously, GABA increased the activities and mRNA levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumalyl CoA ligase (4CL). The addition of 3-MP suppressed the above effects, except for increasing the protein levels of PAL, C4H, and 4CL. Low concentration of NaCl not only promoted growth, but also stimulated endogenous GABA metabolism to affect key enzymes activities and mRNA levels for phenolics synthesis in barley seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.); (P.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yahui Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China;
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.); (P.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.); (P.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.); (P.W.); (Z.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-025-84396293
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao M, He R, Shi R, Li Y, Song S, Zhang Y, Su W, Liu H. Combination of Selenium and UVA Radiation Affects Growth and Phytochemicals of Broccoli Microgreens. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154646. [PMID: 34361799 PMCID: PMC8348033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of selenium or application of ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation for crop production could be an effective way of producing phytochemical-rich food. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium and UVA radiation, as well as their combination on growth and phytochemical contents in broccoli microgreens. There were three treatments: Se (100 μmol/L Na2SeO3), UVA (40 μmol/m2/s) and Se + UVA (with application of Se and UVA). The control (CK) was Se spraying-free and UVA radiation-free. Although treatment with Se or/and UVA inhibited plant growth of broccoli microgreens, results showed that phytochemical contents increased. Broccoli microgreens under the Se treatment had higher contents of total soluble sugars, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, ascorbic acid, Fe, and organic Se and had lower Zn content. The UVA treatment increased the contents of total chlorophylls, total soluble proteins, total phenolic compounds, and FRAP. However, the Se + UVA treatment displayed the most remarkable effect on the contents of total anthocyanins, glucoraphanin, total aliphatic glucosinolates, and total glucosinolates; here, significant interactions between Se and UVA were observed. This study provides valuable insights into the combinational selenium and UVA for improving the phytochemicals of microgreens grown in an artificial lighting plant factory.
Collapse
|
29
|
Teng J, Liao P, Wang M. The role of emerging micro-scale vegetables in human diet and health benefits-an updated review based on microgreens. Food Funct 2021; 12:1914-1932. [PMID: 33595583 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increasing public concern about health has prompted humans to find new sources of food. Microgreens are young and immature plants that have been recently introduced as a new category of vegetables, adapting their production at the micro-scale. In this paper, the chemical compositions including micro-nutrients and some typical phytochemicals of microgreens are summarized. Their edible safety and potential health benefits are also reviewed. Microgreens play an increasingly vital role in health-promoting diets. They are considered good sources of nutritional and bioactive compounds, and show potential in the prevention of malnutrition and chronic diseases. Some strategies in the pre- or post-harvest stages of microgreens can be further applied to obtain better nutritional, functional, and sensorial quality with freshness and extended shelf life. This review provides valuable nutrient data and health information for microgreens, laying a theoretical foundation for people to consume microgreens more wisely, and providing great value for the development of functional products with microgreens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Teng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Pan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mingfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bao M, Li J, Chen H, Chen Z, Xu D, Wen Y. Enantioselective effects of imazethapyr on the secondary metabolites and nutritional value of wheat seedlings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143759. [PMID: 33279196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The secondary metabolism of plants is key for mediating responses to environmental stress, but few studies have examined how the relationship between secondary metabolism and the stress response of plants is affected by exposure to chiral herbicides. Here, we studied the enantioselective disturbance of the chiral herbicide imazethapyr (IM) on the secondary metabolism and nutrient levels of wheat seedlings. The bioactive enantiomer R-IM significantly increased the contents of major secondary metabolites, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and carotenoids but greatly inhibited the production of benzoxazine. The antioxidant system also responded strongly to R-IM; specifically, the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPX enzymes were all significantly induced, and the GSH content initially increased but then decreased. Furthermore, the nutrient levels of wheat seedlings were also affected; dietary fiber content decreased, while the contents of the microelements Fe, Mn, and Zn increased. In sum, this study provides new insight into the phytotoxic effects of IM and raises new questions on the role of secondary metabolites and nutrients in mediating enantioselective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manxin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Dongmei Xu
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yuezhong Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mateus MPDB, Tavanti RFR, Tavanti TR, Santos EF, Jalal A, Reis ARD. Selenium biofortification enhances ROS scavenge system increasing yield of coffee plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111772. [PMID: 33316726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
There are conclusive evidences of selenium (Se) deficiency in Brazilian soils and foods. Brazil is the largest producer and consumer of coffee worldwide, which favors agronomic biofortification of its coffee. This study aimed to evaluate effects of foliar application of three formulations and six rates of Se on antioxidant metabolism, agronomic biofortification and yield of coffee beans. Seven Se concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100 and 160 mg L-1) were applied from three formulations of Se (sodium selenate, nano-Se 1500, and nano-Se 5000). Selenium application up to 40 mg L-1 increased the concentration of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophylls, pheophytins and carotenoids in coffee leaves. Foliar application of Se ranging from 20 to 80 mg L-1 decreased lipid peroxidation and concentration of hydrogen peroxide, but increased superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities in coffee leaves. These results indicated that foliar Se application stimulates antioxidative metabolism to mitigate reactive oxygen species. Foliar application of 20 mg Se L-1 of sodium selenate increased coffee yield by 38%, and 160 mg Se L-1 of nano-Se 5000 increased dramatically coffee yield by 42%. Selenium concentration in grains ranged from 0.116 to 4.47 mg kg-1 (sodium selenate), 4.84 mg kg-1 (nano-Se 1500) and 5.82 mg kg-1 (nano-Se 5000). The results suggest the beneficial effect of Se on the increment of photosynthetic pigments, antioxidative metabolism, increased coffee yield and nutritional quality of grains. The recommended foliar Se application in this study can mitigate abiotic stressors such as high temperatures resulting in higher yield of coffee plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elcio Ferreira Santos
- Federal Institute of Mato Grosso do Sul (IFMS), MS - 473, km 23, Nova Andradina 75.750-000, MS, Brazil
| | - Arshad Jalal
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigues Dos Reis
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Engineering, Tupã 17602-496, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Consumer Preference, Quality, and Safety of Organic and Conventional Fresh Fruits, Vegetables, and Cereals. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010105. [PMID: 33419085 PMCID: PMC7825453 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing and purchasing demand for organic fresh produce is increasing rapidly. Consumers are aware of health, environmental safety, pesticide harmfulness, nutrients, bioactive compounds, and safe food. Many research works are available on organic and conventional fresh produce. As organic fresh produce growing and purchasing demand is increasing, it has become necessary to review the recent trends in quality, safety, and consumer preferences of organic and conventional fresh food products. A few reports have been compiled on organic and conventional fresh produce. Researchers have started working on organic and conventional fresh produce with the help of modern technology to improve nutritional and functional quality, safety, and consumer preferences. Nutritional and functional quality, safety, and consumer preferences depend on cultivation techniques, treatment, crop cultivar, and appearance of products. Therefore, it is necessary to compile the literature on organic and conventional fresh produce based on quality, safety, and consumer preferences.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang M, Ding Y, Wang Q, Wang P, Han Y, Gu Z, Yang R. NaCl treatment on physio-biochemical metabolism and phenolics accumulation in barley seedlings. Food Chem 2020; 331:127282. [PMID: 32559597 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics are important secondary metabolites in plants with strong antioxidant effects. Seeds germination and exogenous stimulation could activate endogenous enzymes to enhance the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Barley seeds geminated under NaCl (1-20 mM) treatment to evaluate the accumulation of phenolics in this study. Results showed that NaCl treatment significantly enhanced the growth of seedlings, especially bud length. NaCl treatment up-regulated genes and proteins expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), resulting in the enhancement of their activities. As a result, phenolic acids and flavonoids contents increased by 11.19% and 32.54%, respectively, in which gallic acid, protocatechuic, fisetin, myricetin and quercetin were affected mostly. Moreover, NaCl treatment enhanced 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity. Hence, NaCl stimulated the synthesis of phenolic components via enhancing gene, protein expression and the activity of key enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Ding
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoe Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongbin Han
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wen D, Xu H, He M, Zhang C. Proteomic analysis of wheat seeds produced under different nitrogen levels before and after germination. Food Chem 2020; 340:127937. [PMID: 32889215 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) of wheat seeds produced under two nitrogen levels (0 and 240 kg/ha) before and after germination. We selected samples at 8 and 72 h after imbibition (HAI) to identify DAPs by iTRAQ. The results showed 190 and 124 DAPs at 8 and 72 HAI, respectively. Alpha-gliadin and chlorophyll a-b binding protein showed the biggest difference in abundance before and after germination. In GO enrichment analysis, the most significantly enriched GO term was nutrient reservoir activity at 8 HAI and endopeptidase inhibitor activity at 72 HAI. Moreover, many DAPs involved in mobilization of stored nutrients and photosynthesis were mapped to KEGG pathways. Dough development time, dough stability time and seedling chlorophyll content under N240 were significantly higher than those under N0, which validated the results of proteomic analysis. These results are crucial for food nutrition and food processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, PR China.
| | - Haicheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Mingrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, PR China.
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P. R. China
| | - Peizi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Sichuan Selewood Technology Company Limited, Chengdu 610218, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Accumulation of Agmatine, Spermidine, and Spermine in Sprouts and Microgreens of Alfalfa, Fenugreek, Lentil, and Daikon Radish. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050547. [PMID: 32369919 PMCID: PMC7278799 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouts and microgreens are a rich source of various bioactive compounds. Seeds of lentil, fenugreek, alfalfa, and daikon radish seeds were germinated and the contents of the polyamines agmatine (AGM), putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM) in ungerminated seeds, sprouts, and microgreens were determined. In general, sprouting led to the accumulation of the total polyamine content. The highest levels of AGM (5392 mg/kg) were found in alfalfa microgreens, PUT (1079 mg/kg) and CAD (3563 mg/kg) in fenugreek sprouts, SPD (579 mg/kg) in lentil microgreens, and SPM (922 mg/kg) in fenugreek microgreens. A large increase in CAD content was observed in all three legume sprouts. Conversely, the nutritionally beneficial polyamines AGM, SPD, and SPM were accumulated in microgreens, while their contents of CAD were significantly lower. In contrast, daikon radish sprouts exhibited a nutritionally better profile of polyamines than the microgreens. Freezing and thawing of legume sprouts resulted in significant degradation of CAD, PUT, and AGM by endogenous diamine oxidases. The enzymatic potential of fenugreek sprouts can be used to degrade exogenous PUT, CAD, and tyramine at pH values above 5.
Collapse
|
37
|
Pannico A, El-Nakhel C, Graziani G, Kyriacou MC, Giordano M, Soteriou GA, Zarrelli A, Ritieni A, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Selenium Biofortification Impacts the Nutritive Value, Polyphenolic Content, and Bioactive Constitution of Variable Microgreens Genotypes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040272. [PMID: 32218153 PMCID: PMC7222195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is considered essential for human nutrition as it is involved in the metabolic pathway of selenoproteins and relevant biological functions. Microgreens, defined as tender immature greens, constitute an emerging functional food characterized by overall higher levels of phytonutrients than their mature counterparts. The nutraceutical value of microgreens can be further improved through Se biofortification, delivering Se-enriched foods and potentially an enhanced content of bioactive compounds. The current study defined the effect of sodium selenate applications at three concentrations (0, 8, and 16 μM Se) on the bioactive compounds and mineral content of coriander, green basil, purple basil, and tatsoi microgreens grown in soilless cultivation. Analytical emphasis was dedicated to the identification and quantification of polyphenols by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS, major carotenoids by HPLC-DAD, and macro micro-minerals by ICP-OES. Twenty-seven phenolic compounds were quantified, of which the most abundant were: Chlorogenic acid and rutin in coriander, caffeic acid hexoside and kaempferol-3-O(caffeoyl) sophoroside-7-O-glucoside in tatsoi, and cichoric acid and rosmarinic acid in both green and purple basil. In coriander and tatsoi microgreens, the application of 16 μM Se increased the total phenols content by 21% and 95%, respectively; moreover, it improved the yield by 44% and 18%, respectively. At the same Se dose, the bioactive value of coriander and tatsoi was enhanced by a significant increase in rutin (33%) and kaempferol-3-O(feruloyl)sophoroside-7-O-glucoside (157%), respectively, compared to the control. In green and purple basil microgreens, the 8 μM Se application enhanced the lutein concentration by 7% and 19%, respectively. The same application rate also increased the overall macroelements content by 35% and total polyphenols concentration by 32% but only in the green cultivar. The latter actually had a tripled chicoric acid content compared to the untreated control. All microgreen genotypes exhibited an increase in the Se content in response to the biofortification treatments, thereby satisfying the recommended daily allowance for Se (RDA-Se) from 20% to 133%. The optimal Se dose that guarantees the effectiveness of Se biofortification and improves the content of bioactive compounds was 16 μM in coriander and tatsoi, and 8 μM in green and purple basil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (M.G.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (M.G.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus; (M.C.K.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Maria Giordano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (M.G.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Georgios A. Soteriou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus; (M.C.K.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 800126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (M.G.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (M.G.); (S.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schiavon M, Nardi S, dalla Vecchia F, Ertani A. Selenium biofortification in the 21 st century: status and challenges for healthy human nutrition. PLANT AND SOIL 2020; 453:245-270. [PMID: 32836404 PMCID: PMC7363690 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-020-04635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) is an essential element for mammals and its deficiency in the diet is a global problem. Plants accumulate Se and thus represent a major source of Se to consumers. Agronomic biofortification intends to enrich crops with Se in order to secure its adequate supply by people. SCOPE The goal of this review is to report the present knowledge of the distribution and processes of Se in soil and at the plant-soil interface, and of Se behaviour inside the plant in terms of biofortification. It aims to unravel the Se metabolic pathways that affect the nutritional value of edible plant products, various Se biofortification strategies in challenging environments, as well as the impact of Se-enriched food on human health. CONCLUSIONS Agronomic biofortification and breeding are prevalent strategies for battling Se deficiency. Future research addresses nanosized Se biofortification, crop enrichment with multiple micronutrients, microbial-integrated agronomic biofortification, and optimization of Se biofortification in adverse conditions. Biofortified food of superior nutritional quality may be created, enriched with healthy Se-compounds, as well as several other valuable phytochemicals. Whether such a food source might be used as nutritional intervention for recently emerged coronavirus infections is a relevant question that deserves investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Schiavon
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD Italy
| | - Serenella Nardi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ertani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| |
Collapse
|