1
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Kang C, Bernaldez M, Stamatis SD, Rose JP, Sun R. Interaction between Permeation Enhancers and Lipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1668-1679. [PMID: 38232311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Permeation enhancers (PEs) are a class of molecules that interact with the epithelial membrane and transiently increase its transcellular permeability. Although there have been few clinical trials of PE coformulated drugs, the mechanism of action of PEs remains elusive. In this paper, the interaction between two archetypes of PEs [salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) and sodium caprate (C10)] and membranes is investigated with extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations show that (1) the association between the neutral PEs and membranes is favored in free energy, (2) the propensity of neutral PE aggregation is larger in aqueous solution than in lipid bilayers, (3) the equilibrium distribution of neutral PEs in membranes is fast, e.g., accessible with unbiased MD simulations, and (4) the micelle of neutral PEs formed in aqueous solution does not rupture the membranes (e.g., not forming pores or breaking up the membrane) under simulation conditions. All results combined, this study indicates that PEs insert into the membranes in an equilibrium or near equilibrium process. This study lays the foundation for future investigations of how PEs impact the free energy of permeation for small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Mabel Bernaldez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Stephen D Stamatis
- Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - John P Rose
- Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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2
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Ballegaard ASR, Bøgh KL. Intestinal protein uptake and IgE-mediated food allergy. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112150. [PMID: 36596102 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is affecting 5-8% of young children and 2-4% of adults and seems to be increasing in prevalence. The cause of the increase in food allergy is largely unknown but proposed to be influenced by both environmental and lifestyle factors. Changes in intestinal barrier functions and increased uptake of dietary proteins have been suggested to have a great impact on food allergy. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the gastrointestinal digestion and intestinal barrier function and provide a more detailed description of intestinal protein uptake, including the various routes of epithelial transport, how it may be affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and the relation to food allergy. Further, we give an overview of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo techniques available for evaluation of intestinal protein uptake and gut permeability in general. Proteins are digested by gastric, pancreatic and integral brush border enzymes in order to allow for sufficient nutritional uptake. Absorption and transport of dietary proteins across the epithelial layer is known to be dependent on the physicochemical properties of the proteins and their digestion fragments themselves, such as size, solubility and aggregation status. It is believed, that the greater an amount of intact protein or larger peptide fragments that is transported through the epithelial layer, and thus encountered by the mucosal immune system in the gut, the greater is the risk of inducing an adverse allergic response. Proteins may be absorbed across the epithelial barrier by means of various mechanisms, and studies have shown that a transcellular facilitated transport route unique for food allergic individuals are at play for transport of allergens, and that upon mediator release from mast cells an enhanced allergen transport via the paracellular route occurs. This is in contrast to healthy individuals where transcytosis through the enterocytes is the main route of protein uptake. Thus, knowledge on factors affecting intestinal barrier functions and methods for the determination of their impact on protein uptake may be useful in future allergenicity assessments and for development of future preventive and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrine Lindholm Bøgh
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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3
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Zhao C, Liu D, Feng L, Cui J, Du H, Wang Y, Xiao H, Zheng J. Research advances of in vivo biological fate of food bioactives delivered by colloidal systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5414-5432. [PMID: 36576258 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2154741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Food bioactives exhibit various health-promoting effects and are widely used in functional foods to maintain human health. After oral intake, bioactives undergo complex biological processes before reaching the target organs to exert their biological effects. However, several factors may reduce their bioavailability. Colloidal systems have attracted special attention due to their great potential to improve bioavailability and bioefficiency. Herein, we focus on the importance of in vivo studies of the biological fates of bioactives delivered by colloidal systems. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the construction, composition, and physicochemical properties of the delivery systems significantly influence the in vivo biological fates of bioactives. These results demonstrate the great potential to control the in vivo behavior of food bioactives by designing specific delivery systems. We also compare in vivo and in vitro models used for biological studies of the fate of food bioactives delivered by colloidal systems. Meanwhile, the significance of the gut microbiota, targeted delivery, and personalized nutrition should be carefully considered. This review provides new insight for further studies of food bioactives delivered by colloidal systems, as well as scientific guidance for the reasonable design of personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiefen Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Yanqi Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Huang X, Li X, Deng Y, Zhou T, Chen T, Wu S, Xia R, Kang Y, Yin W. The flavonoids extract from Okra flowers protects against DSS-induced colitis via regulating NF-κB signaling pathway and gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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5
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Zhu C, Liu G, Gu X, Zhang T, Xia A, Zheng Y, Yin J, Han M, Jiang Q. Effects of Quercetin on the Intestinal Microflora of Freshwater Dark Sleeper Odontobutis potamophila. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102015. [PMID: 36290739 PMCID: PMC9598073 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have antimicrobial and anti-oxidation properties. The effects of the flavonoid quercetin on the intestinal microflora of freshwater dark sleeper Odontobutis potamophila were tested for the first time. Odontobutis potamophila juveniles were treated with quercetin for 21 days at one of three concentrations (2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/L) and compared with a control group that was not treated with quercetin. Quercetin improved the stability of the intestinal flora in O. potamophila and the probiotic bacteria Bacillus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. increased in species abundance after the low concentration quercetin treatments. Furthermore, the abundance of pathogenic bacteria Plesiomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., and Shewanella spp. decreased after the fish had been exposed to quercetin. Activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD), (glutathione S-transferase, GST), (glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px), and (total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC) increased in the livers of O. potamophila treated with quercetin, thereby increasing their hepatic antioxidant capacity and their ability to scavenge free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
- Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiankun Gu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Tongqing Zhang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Aijun Xia
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - You Zheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Jiawen Yin
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Mingming Han
- Biology Program, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Pan H, Yu Q, Qian C, Shao H, Li Y, Lou Y. Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on Portunus trituberculatus Based on Tandem-Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2022.2119117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Pan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P R China
| | - Qi Yu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P R China
| | - Chenru Qian
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P R China
| | - Haitao Shao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P R China
| | - Yongyong Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P R China
| | - Yongjiang Lou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P R China
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7
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Chen X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zou L, McClements DJ, Liu W. A review of recent progress in improving the bioavailability of nutraceutical-loaded emulsions after oral intake. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3963-4001. [PMID: 35912644 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing awareness of the health benefits of specific constituents in fruits, vegetables, cereals, and other whole foods has sparked a broader interest in the potential health benefits of nutraceuticals. Many nutraceuticals are hydrophobic substances, which means they must be encapsulated in colloidal delivery systems. Oil-in-water emulsions are one of the most widely used delivery systems for improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of these nutraceuticals. The composition and structure of emulsions can be designed to improve the water dispersibility, physicochemical stability, and bioavailability of the encapsulated nutraceuticals. The nature of the emulsion used influences the interfacial area and properties of the nutraceutical-loaded oil droplets in the gastrointestinal tract, which influences their digestion, as well as the bioaccessibility, metabolism, and absorption of the nutraceuticals. In this article, we review recent in vitro and in vivo studies on the utilization of emulsions to improve the bioavailability of nutraceuticals. The findings from this review should facilitate the design of more efficacious nutraceutical-loaded emulsions with increased bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yikun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers & Colloids Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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8
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Zhu W, Oteiza PI. Proanthocyanidins at the gastrointestinal tract: mechanisms involved in their capacity to mitigate obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:220-240. [PMID: 35943169 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is continually increasing worldwide. Obesity is a major public health concern given the multiple associated comorbidities. Finding dietary approaches to prevent/mitigate these conditions is of critical relevance. Proanthocyanidins (PACs), oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ols that are extensively distributed in nature, represent a major part of total dietary polyphenols. Although current evidence supports the capacity of PACs to mitigate obesity-associated comorbidities, the underlying mechanisms remain speculative due to the complexity of PACs' structure. Given their limited bioavailability, the major site of the biological actions of intact PACs is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This review discusses the actions of PACs at the GI tract which could underlie their anti-obesity effects. These mechanisms include: i) inhibition of digestive enzymes at the GI lumen, including pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase; ii) modification of gut microbiota composition; iii) modulation of inflammation- and oxidative stress-triggered signaling pathways, e.g. NF-κB and MAPKs; iv) protection of the GI barrier integrity. Further understanding of the mechanisms and biological activities of PACs at the GI tract can contribute to develop nutritional and pharmacological strategies oriented to mitigate the serious comorbidities of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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9
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Interactions between Nanoparticles and Intestine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084339. [PMID: 35457155 PMCID: PMC9024817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has surely grown in recent years due to their versatility, with a spectrum of applications that range from nanomedicine to the food industry. Recent research focuses on the development of NPs for the oral administration route rather than the intravenous one, placing the interactions between NPs and the intestine at the centre of the attention. This allows the NPs functionalization to exploit the different characteristics of the digestive tract, such as the different pH, the intestinal mucus layer, or the intestinal absorption capacity. On the other hand, these same characteristics can represent a problem for their complexity, also considering the potential interactions with the food matrix or the microbiota. This review intends to give a comprehensive look into three main branches of NPs delivery through the oral route: the functionalization of NPs drug carriers for systemic targets, with the case of insulin carriers as an example; NPs for the delivery of drugs locally active in the intestine, for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer; finally, the potential concerns and side effects of the accidental and uncontrolled exposure to NPs employed as food additives, with focus on E171 (titanium dioxide) and E174 (silver NPs).
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10
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Martel J, Chang SH, Ko YF, Hwang TL, Young JD, Ojcius DM. Gut barrier disruption and chronic disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:247-265. [PMID: 35151560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier protects the host against gut microbes, food antigens, and toxins present in the gastrointestinal tract. However, gut barrier integrity can be affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including genetic predisposition, the Western diet, antibiotics, alcohol, circadian rhythm disruption, psychological stress, and aging. Chronic disruption of the gut barrier can lead to translocation of microbial components into the body, producing systemic, low-grade inflammation. While the association between gut barrier integrity and inflammation in intestinal diseases is well established, we review here recent studies indicating that the gut barrier and microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to the development of metabolic, autoimmune, and aging-related disorders. Emerging interventions to improve gut barrier integrity and microbiota composition are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John D Young
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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11
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Agboola JO, Mensah DD, Hansen JØ, Lapeña D, Mydland LT, Arntzen MØ, Horn SJ, Øyås O, Press CM, Øverland M. Effects of Yeast Species and Processing on Intestinal Health and Transcriptomic Profiles of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) Fed Soybean Meal-Based Diets in Seawater. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1675. [PMID: 35163597 PMCID: PMC8836103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of yeasts on intestinal health and transcriptomic profiles from the distal intestine and spleen tissue of Atlantic salmon fed SBM-based diets in seawater. Cyberlindnera jadinii (CJ) and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (WA) yeasts were heat-inactivated with spray-drying (ICJ and IWA) or autolyzed at 50 °C for 16 h (ACJ and AWA), followed by spray-drying. Six diets were formulated, one based on fishmeal (FM), a challenging diet with 30% soybean meal (SBM) and four other diets containing 30% SBM and 10% of each of the four yeast fractions (i.e., ICJ, ACJ, IWA and AWA). The inclusion of CJ yeasts reduced the loss of enterocyte supranuclear vacuolization and reduced the population of CD8α labeled cells present in the lamina propria of fish fed the SBM diet. The CJ yeasts controlled the inflammatory responses of fish fed SBM through up-regulation of pathways related to wound healing and taurine metabolism. The WA yeasts dampened the inflammatory profile of fish fed SBM through down-regulation of pathways related to toll-like receptor signaling, C-lectin receptor, cytokine receptor and signal transduction. This study suggests that the yeast species, Cyberlindnera jadinii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus are novel high-quality protein sources with health-beneficial effects in terms of reducing inflammation associated with feeding plant-based diets to Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeleel O. Agboola
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - Dominic D. Mensah
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - Jon Ø. Hansen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - David Lapeña
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Liv T. Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - Magnus Ø. Arntzen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Svein J. Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Ove Øyås
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Charles McL. Press
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
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12
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Khuda SE, Nguyen AV, Sharma GM, Alam MS, Balan KV, Williams KM. Effects of emulsifiers on an in vitro model of intestinal epithelial tight junctions and the transport of food allergens. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100576. [PMID: 34779572 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Certain food emulsifiers may interfere with gut barrier function in ways correlating to increased exposure to allergens. Understanding the consequences of interactions between these food ingredients and the intestinal epithelium is important for evaluating allergen dose exposure characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS Wechallenged Caco-2 cell monolayers, an in vitromodel of human intestinal epithelial tight junctions with synthetic polysorbate-80 or natural lecithin alone, or in combination with known allergens (egg proteins: ovalbumin, ovomucoid, and ovotransferrin; and a synthetic form of galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), an allergen of increasing concern). For most doses of individual emulsifiers and allergens, >90% cell viability and <15% cytotoxicity wasobserved; however, toxicity increased at a 0.5% concentration of emulsifiers. At low cytotoxic concentration (0.2%), only polysorbate-80 treatment reduced monolayer integrity (∼20%) with increased lucifer yellow passage. Dose-related differences in expression of tight junction genes and occludin proteins wereobserved with emulsifier treatments. The transport of all tested allergens across the cell monolayers, excluding ovotransferrin, nearly doubled in the presence of 0.2% polysorbate-80 compared to lecithin and untreated control. CONCLUSION By modulating paracellular permeability, polysorbate-80 may enhance absorption of allergens in a size-dependent manner. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefat E Khuda
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, United States
| | - Ann V Nguyen
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, United States
| | - Girdhari M Sharma
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, United States
| | - Mohammad S Alam
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, United States
| | - Kannan V Balan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, United States
| | - Kristina M Williams
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, United States
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13
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Sequeira IR. Higher doses of ascorbic acid may have the potential to promote nutrient delivery via intestinal paracellular absorption. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6750-6756. [PMID: 34790005 PMCID: PMC8567472 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i40.6750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of plasma ascorbic acid (AA) is underscored by its enzymatic and antioxidant properties as well as involvement in many aspects of health including the synthesis of biomolecules during acute illness, trauma and chronic health conditions. Dietary intake supports maintenance of optimal levels with supplementation at higher doses more likely pursued. Transient increased intestinal paracellular permeability following high dose AA may be utilised to enhance delivery of other micronutrients across the intestinal lumen. The potential mechanism following dietary intake however needs further study but may provide an avenue to increase small intestinal nutrient co transport and absorption, including in acute and chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Roosevelt Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
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Rai DK, Tzima K. A Review on Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Applications on Anthocyanin and Ellagitannin Metabolites of Blackberries and Raspberries. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092150. [PMID: 34574260 PMCID: PMC8467619 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries have been widely assessed for their beneficial health effects, predominately due to their high (poly)phenol content of anthocyanins and ellagitannins. After ellagitannins and ellagic acid are metabolized by the gut microbiome, a class of compounds known as urolithins are produced, which exert potential advantageous health effects. Anthocyanins, on the other hand, undergo a complex metabolic pathway after their interaction with microbial and endogenous enzymes, forming a broad range of metabolites and catabolic products. In most cases, in vitro models and cell lines are used to generate metabolites, whereas their assessment in vivo is currently limited. Thus far, several analytical methods have been developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic metabolites in berries, including liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and other hyphenated techniques, and have been undoubtedly valuable tools for the detailed metabolite characterization and profiling. In this review, a compilation of studies providing information on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of (poly)phenol metabolites in blackberries and raspberries after the utilization of in vitro and in vivo methods is presented. The different analytical techniques employed are assessed, focusing on the fate of the produced metabolic compounds in order to provide evidence on their characteristics, formation, and beneficial effects.
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15
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Langlois L, Akhtar N, Tam KC, Dixon B, Reid G. Fishing for the right probiotic: Host-microbe interactions at the interface of effective aquaculture strategies. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6284803. [PMID: 34037775 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective aquaculture management strategies are paramount to global food security. Growing demands stimulate the intensification of production and create the need for practices that are both economically viable and environmentally sustainable. Importantly, pathogenic microbes continue to be detrimental to fish growth and survival. In terms of host health, the intestinal mucosa and its associated consortium of microbes have a critical role in modulating fitness and present an attractive opportunity to promote health at this interface. In light of this, the administration of probiotic microorganisms is being considered as a means to restore and sustain health in fish. Current evidence suggests that certain probiotic strains might be able to augment immunity, enhance growth rate, and protect against infection in salmonids, the most economically important family of farmed finfish. This review affirms the relevance of host-microbe interactions in salmonids in light of emerging evidence, with an emphasis on intestinal health. In addition, the current understanding of the mode of action of probiotics in salmonid fish is discussed, along with delivery systems that can effectively carry the living microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Langlois
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, N6A 4V2, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, N6A 5C1, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadeem Akhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kam C Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, N6A 4V2, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, N6A 5C1, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, St. Joseph's Health Care London, 268 Grosvenor St, N6A 4V2, London, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Visfatin Regulates Inflammatory Mediators in Mouse Intestinal Mucosa Through Toll-Like Receptors Signaling Under Lipopolysaccharide Stress. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:11. [PMID: 33856572 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Visfatin is a multifunctional protein involved in inflammatory immune stress. The aim of current study was to explore the role of visfatin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal mucosal inflammation and to confirm its cellular effect in inflammatory immune response through silencing of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We divided Kunming mice into three groups: Saline group, LPS group, and LPS + visfatin group and performed hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and RNA-seq analysis. Pretreatment of visfatin improves LPS-stimulated reduction of tight junction protein 1 (ZO-1) and secretory immunoglobulin A, inhibits overexpression of Claudin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor, and reduces intestinal mucosal damage and inflammation. RNA-seq analysis of cellular transcriptomes indicated that visfatin is involved in down-regulation of mRNA level of TLR4 as well as attenuation of protein levels of TLR8 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2, revealing that visfatin could reduce intestinal mucosal inflammation through TLR signaling pathway in mice ileum. In RAW264.7 cells, the genes silencing of Toll/IL-1R family, such as TLR4, TLR2, and IL-1R1, was accompanied by decreased expressions of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1) along with lower cellular visfatin levels. Hence, visfatin maintains the intestinal mucosal barrier structure and attenuates the intestinal mucosal inflammation through the TLR signaling pathway. Likewise, the Toll/IL-1R family regulates the release of visfatin, which can participate in the inflammatory reaction through the regulation of inflammatory factors.
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17
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Liang D, Su W, Tan M. Advances of microfluidic intestine-on-a-chip for analyzing anti-inflammation of food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4418-4434. [PMID: 33480263 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1875395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic intestine-on-a-chip enables novel means of emulating human intestinal pathophysiology in vitro, which can potentially reduce animal testing and substitute simple 2D culture system. Though a great deal of work has been done in the development of microfluidic platforms for intestinal disease modeling and drug screening, potential investigation of the effect of bioactive food compounds on intestinal inflammation remains largely unexplored. In this review, different biomaterials and chip designs have been explored in the fabrication of intestine-on-a-chip. Other key parameters must be carefully controlled and selected, including shear stress, cell type and cell co-culture spatial configuration, etc. Appropriate techniques to quantify the barrier integrity including trans-epithelial electric resistance, specific tight junction markers and permeability measurements should be standardized and compared with in vivo data. Integration of the gut microbiome and the provision of intestinal-specific environment are the key parameters to realize the in vivo intestinal model simulation and accelerate the screening efficiency of bioactive food compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Liang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wentao Su
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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18
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Yu J, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Li X, Xu X, Zhao H, Wu L, Li J. Effects of chronic nitrate exposure on the intestinal morphology, immune status, barrier function, and microbiota of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111287. [PMID: 32931967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coming along with high water reuse in sustainable and intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs), the waste products of fish in rearing water is continuously accumulated. Nitrate, the final product of biological nitrification processes, which may cause aquatic toxicity to fish in different degrees when exposed for a long time. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of chronic nitrate exposure on intestinal morphology, immune status, barrier function, and microbiota of juvenile turbot. For that, groups of juvenile turbot were exposed to 0 (control check, CK), 50 (low nitrate, L), 200 (medium nitrate, M), and 400 (high nitrate, H) mg L-1 nitrate-N in small-sized recirculating aquaculture systems. After the 60-day experiment period, we found that exposure to a high concentration of nitrate-N caused obvious pathological damages to the intestine; for instance, atrophy of intestinal microvilli and necrosis in the lamina propria. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed a significant downregulation of the barrier forming tight junction genes like occludin, claudin-like etc. under H treatment (P < 0.05). Intestinal MUC-2 expression also decreased significantly in the nitrate treatment groups compared to that in the control (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 heat-shock proteins, toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas that of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), lysozyme (LYS), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) significantly decreased with H treatment (P < 0.05). The results also revealed that intestinal microbial community was changed following nitrate exposure and could alter the α-diversity and β-diversity. Specifically, the proportion of intrinsic flora decreased, whereas that of the potential pathogens significantly increased with M and H treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, chronic nitrate exposure could weaken the barrier function and disturb the composition of intestinal microbiota in marine teleosts, thereby harming their health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yongshuang Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lele Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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19
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Synergistic Mechanisms of Constituents in Herbal Extracts during Intestinal Absorption: Focus on Natural Occurring Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020128. [PMID: 32028739 PMCID: PMC7076514 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic separation strategy has long and widely been applied in the research and development of herbal medicines. However, the pharmacological effects of many bioactive constituents are much weaker than those of the corresponding herbal extracts. Thus, there is a consensus that purer herbal extracts are sometimes less effective. Pharmacological loss of purified constituents is closely associated with their significantly reduced intestinal absorption after oral administration. In this review, pharmacokinetic synergies among constituents in herbal extracts during intestinal absorption were systematically summarized to broaden the general understanding of the pharmaceutical nature of herbal medicines. Briefly, some coexisting constituents including plant-produced primary and secondary metabolites, promote the intestinal absorption of active constituents by improving solubility, inhibiting first-pass elimination mediated by drug-metabolizing enzymes or drug transporters, increasing the membrane permeability of enterocytes, and reversibly opening the paracellular tight junction between enterocytes. Moreover, some coexisting constituents change the forms of bioactive constituents via mechanisms including the formation of natural nanoparticles. This review will focus on explaining this new synergistic mechanism. Thus, herbal extracts can be considered mixtures of bioactive compounds and pharmacokinetic synergists. This review may provide ideas and strategies for further research and development of herbal medicines.
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20
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Chen L, Liu J, Kaneko G, Xie J, Wang G, Yu D, Li Z, Ma L, Qi D, Tian J, Gong W, Zhang K, Yu E. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of soft and firm grass carp muscle. Food Chem 2020; 303:125367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Production of thermostable endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanase in Pichia pastoris for enzymatically releasing functional oligosaccharides from sugar beet pulp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1595-1607. [PMID: 31879825 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sugar beet pulp is an agricultural processing residue that is a rich source of the cell wall polysaccharide arabinan. Functional oligosaccharides, specifically feruloylated arabino-oligosaccharides (FAOs), can be isolated from sugar beet pulp through selective action by endo-arabinanase (glycoside hydrolase family 43). This study aimed to develop yeast (Pichia pastoris) as an efficient, eukaryotic platform to produce a thermophilic endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanase (TS-ABN) for extracting FAOs from sugar beet pulp. Recombinant TS-ABN was secreted into yeast culture medium at a yield of ~ 80 mg/L, and the protein exhibited specific enzyme activity, pH and temperature optimum, and thermostability comparable to those of the native enzyme. Treatment of sugar beet pulp with Pichia-secreted TS-ABN released FAOs recovered by hydrophobic chromatography at 1.52% (w/w). The isolated FAOs averaged seven arabinose residues per ferulic acid, and treatment of T84 human colon epithelial cells significantly increased expression of two key tight junction-related proteins-zonula occludens-1 and occludin-in a dose-dependent manner. This research establishes a biochemical platform for utilizing sugar beet pulp to produce value-added bioproducts with potential nutraceutical applications.
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22
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Li C, Zhang B, Wang X, Pi X, Wang X, Zhou H, Mai K, He G. Improved utilization of soybean meal through fermentation with commensal Shewanella sp. MR-7 in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:214. [PMID: 31842889 PMCID: PMC6913000 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased inclusion of plant proteins in aquafeeds has become a common practice due to the high cost and limited supply of fish meal but generally leads to inferior growth performance and health problems of fish. Effective method is needed to improve the plant proteins utilization and eliminate their negative effects on fish. This study took a unique approach to improve the utilization of soybean meal (SBM) by fish through autochthonous plant-degrading microbe isolation and subsequent fermentation. RESULTS A strain of Shewanella sp. MR-7 was isolated and identified as the leading microbe that could utilize SBM in the intestine of turbot. It was further optimized for SBM fermentation and able to improve the protein availability and degrade multiple anti-nutritional factors of SBM. The fishmeal was able to be replaced up to 45% by Shewanella sp. MR-7 fermented SBM compared to only up to 30% by SBM in experimental diets without adverse effects on growth and feed utilization of turbot after feeding trials. Further analyses showed that Shewanella sp. MR-7 fermentation significantly counteracted the SBM-induced adverse effects by increasing digestive enzymes activities, suppressing inflammatory responses, and alleviating microbiota dysbiosis in the intestine of turbot. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that plant protein utilization by fish could be significantly improved through pre-digestion with isolated plant-degrading host microbes. Further exploitation of autochthonous bacterial activities should be valuable for better performances of plant-based diets in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Beili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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23
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Meng X, Hu W, Wu S, Zhu Z, Lu R, Yang G, Qin C, Yang L, Nie G. Chinese yam peel enhances the immunity of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by improving the gut defence barrier and modulating the intestinal microflora. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:528-537. [PMID: 31678187 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese yam peel (CYP) is a by-product of yam processing that is rich in various nutrients and a good source for feed additives. This study investigated the effects of CYP on the intestinal microbiota and gut defence barrier of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Different groups of experimental fish were fed a normal control diet (NC), a low CYP diet (LYP) and a high CYP diet (HYP) for 8 weeks. After the feeding trial, the fish were assessed for intestinal enzyme activity, intestinal histology, immune-related gene expression, intestinal SCFAs and intestinal microbiota. Our results indicated that the intestinal integrity and antioxidant enzyme (CAT and SOD) activity in the common carp were enhanced following CYP supplementation. The mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory (TGF-β), tight binding protein (occludin and ZO-1) and pathway factor genes (TLR4 and NF-κB) were significantly upregulated in the HYP group (P<0.05), which was accompanied by an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory IL-1β in the gut (P<0.05). High-throughput sequencing revealed that Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes bacteria were most abundant in the microbial community in the gut of the common carp. The relative abundances of Bacteroides, Flavobacterium and Lactobacillus were increased, while the abundances of pathogenic microorganisms such as Enterobacteriaceae, Shewanella, Pseudomonas and Vibrio were reduced after treatment with CYP. Furthermore, the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut were also increased (P<0.05). Finally, our results revealed correlations between gut microbiota, SCFAs, non-specific immunity and antioxidant enzymes in CYP-fed carp. These results suggest that CYP-supplemented feed could improve the immunity of the common carp by modulating the intestinal microflora and enhancing the gut defence barrier and has the potential to be used as an immunostimulating feed additive in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Meng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Wenpan Hu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Shengkui Wu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Ronghua Lu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Guokun Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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Effects of dietary supplementation with grape seed procyanidins on nutrient utilisation and gut function in weaned piglets. Animal 2019; 14:491-498. [PMID: 31588892 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119002234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape seed procyanidins (GSPs), widely known for their beneficial health properties, fail to bring about the expected improvement in piglets' growth performance. The effects of dietary supplementation with GSPs on nutrient utilisation may be a critical influencing factor. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with GSPs on nutrient utilisation and gut function in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty crossbred piglets were allocated randomly to four treatment groups, with three replicate pens per treatment and 10 piglets per pen. Each group was given one of the four dietary treatments: the basal diet (control group) or the basal diet with the addition of 50-, 100- or 150-mg/kg GSPs. The trial lasted 28 days. Faeces were collected from d 12 to 14 and from d 26 to 28 for measuring the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of the nutrients. Blood samples were collected on d 14 and 28 for detecting the blood biochemical parameters. Two piglets per pen were slaughtered to collect the pancreas and intestinal digesta for evaluating the digestive enzyme activity and the coefficient of ileal apparent digestibility (CIAD) of the nutrients. On d 14 and 28, supplementation with 150-mg/kg GSPs significantly decreased the CTTAD of DM and CP in piglets. On d 14, GSPs supplementation at a concentration of 150 mg/kg led to a remarkable decrease in the CIAD of CP and gross energy (GE). On d 28, GSPs supplementation at a dose of 150 mg/kg generated a marked decline in the CIAD of DM, GE, CP and ether extract. Grape seed procyanidins supplementation at concentrations of 100 or 150 mg/kg inhibited the activities of lipase and amylase. In contrast, the jejunum mucosa maltase and sucrase activities increased due to the inclusion of GSPs at a concentration of 100 mg/kg in the piglet diet. Compared with the levels of the control group, the serum glucose and total protein levels were enhanced significantly by supplementation with GSPs at 100 mg/kg and reduced dramatically at 150 mg/kg. The serum diamine oxidase activity and endotoxin levels were decreased by GSPs supplementation in piglet diets. In conclusion, higher concentrations of GSPs in weaned piglet diets attenuated nutrient digestion and inhibited digestive enzyme activity; however, suitable concentrations of GSPs could promote brush-border enzyme activity, enhance serum glucose and total protein concentrations and decrease epithelial permeability.
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25
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Kumar A, Allison A, Henry M, Scales A, Fouladkhah AC. Development of Salmonellosis as Affected by Bioactive Food Compounds. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090364. [PMID: 31540475 PMCID: PMC6780870 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Salmonella serovars are the leading cause of foodborne hospitalizations and deaths in Americans, extensively prevalent worldwide, and pose a considerable financial burden on public health infrastructure and private manufacturing. While a comprehensive review is lacking for delineating the role of dietary components on prevention of Salmonellosis, evidence for the role of diet for preventing the infection and management of Salmonellosis symptoms is increasing. The current study is an evaluation of preclinical and clinical studies and their underlying mechanisms to elaborate the efficacy of bioactive dietary components for augmenting the prevention of Salmonella infection. Studies investigating dietary components such as fibers, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and probiotics exhibited efficacy of dietary compounds against Salmonellosis through manipulation of host bile acids, mucin, epithelial barrier, innate and adaptive immunity and gut microbiota as well as impacting the cellular signaling cascades of the pathogen. Pre-clinical studies investigating synergism and/or antagonistic activities of various bioactive compounds, additional randomized clinical trials, if not curtailed by lack of equipoise and ethical concerns, and well-planned epidemiological studies could augment the development of a validated and evidence-based guideline for mitigating the public health burden of human Salmonellosis through dietary compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Abimbola Allison
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Monica Henry
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Anita Scales
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Aliyar Cyrus Fouladkhah
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
- Cooperative Extension Program, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
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Figueroa-Lozano S, de Vos P. Relationship Between Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates Content in Human Milk and the Development of the Gut Barrier. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:121-139. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Figueroa-Lozano
- Immunoendocrinology, Div. of Medical Biology, Dept. of Pathology and Medical Biology; Univ. of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Div. of Medical Biology, Dept. of Pathology and Medical Biology; Univ. of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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27
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Ponce de León-Rodríguez MDC, Guyot JP, Laurent-Babot C. Intestinal in vitro cell culture models and their potential to study the effect of food components on intestinal inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3648-3666. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1506734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Pierre Guyot
- NUTRIPASS—University of Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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28
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Su Y, Chen Y, Chen L, Xu Q, Kang Y, Wang W, Wang A, Wen C, Zhou Y. Effects of different levels of modified palygorskite supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, oxidative status and intestinal integrity and barrier function of broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1574-1584. [PMID: 30113108 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate effects of different levels of modified palygorskite (MPal) supplementation on growth performance, immunity, oxidative status and intestinal integrity and barrier function of broilers. A total of 320 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned into 5 dietary treatments and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg MPal, respectively, for a 42-day feeding trial. Treatments quadratically reduced feed/gain ratio (F:G) during 1-21 days and linearly decreased average daily feed intake and F:G during 22-42 days, and linearly and quadratically decreased average daily feed intake and F:G during overall period (p < 0.05, 0.50 g/kg treatment showed the lowest F:G). MPal supplementation increased the contents of 21-day jejunal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) quadratically, and 21-day jejunal immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and 42-day jejunal total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity linearly and quadratically (0.50 g/kg treatment showed the highest immunoglobulin concentration), whereas linearly reduced 21-day ileal SIgA level and 42-day jejunal malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and serum diamine oxidase activity, and quadratically decreased 21-day ileal MDA level (p < 0.05). The 42-day jejunal SIgA, IgG and IgM concentrations, and T-SOD activity in jejunum at 21 days and ileum at both 21 days and 42 days were quadratically increased with MPal administration (p < 0.05, 0.50 g/kg treatment showed the highest T-SOD activity). The mucin 2 mRNA abundances in 42-day jejunum and 21-day ileum were quadratically increased with MPal supplementation (p < 0.05). Treatments linearly increased 42-day ileal zonula occludens-1, claudin-3 and jejunal claudin-3 mRNA level, whereas linearly and quadratically increased ileal claudin-2 mRNA level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MPal supplementation exhibited beneficial effects on growth performance, intestinal immunity, antioxidant capacity and intestinal integrity and barrier function of broiler with its optimum dosage being 0.5 g/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingjie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuru Kang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,R&D Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,R&D Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,R&D Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi, China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Li Q, Yang Y, Zhou T, Wang R, Li N, Zheng M, Li YY, Zhang JQ, Wu F, Yang BC, Ma YM, Ma BL. A Compositive Strategy to Study the Pharmacokinetics of TCMs: Taking Coptidis Rhizoma, and Coptidis Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma as Examples. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082042. [PMID: 30111723 PMCID: PMC6222803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic studies are crucial for elucidating the effective constituents and formula compatibility of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). However, studies have usually been limited to single dosages and detection of systemic blood concentrations. To obtain comprehensive pharmacokinetic information, here we propose a multi-dosage and multi-sampling (blood from portal vein or systemic circulation, and liver) strategy to comparatively study the pharmacokinetics of multi-form TCMs, i.e., pure constituents, TCMs, or TCM formula extracts. Based on this strategy, we studied the pharmacokinetics of pure berberine, berberine in Coptidis Rhizoma (CRE), and berberine in Coptidis Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma extracts (CR-GRE). After simple calculation and comparison of the obtained area under the curve (AUC) values, the results revealed the drastically different pharmacokinetic properties of pure berberine compared to CRE and CR-GRE. The results contribute to explaining the pharmacological loss of berberine activity after purification and the compatibility of the CR-GR drug pair. The results also innovatively showed that it was intestinal absorption that differentiated the pharmacokinetics of CRE and pure berberine, and CRE and CR-GRE. In conclusion, we propose a composite strategy to comparatively study the pharmacokinetics of TCMs, which could provide sufficient information to obtain a comprehensive view, before follow-up mechanism-of-action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Na Li
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fei Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Bai-Can Yang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yue-Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Bing-Liang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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30
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Patra AK, Amasheh S, Aschenbach JR. Modulation of gastrointestinal barrier and nutrient transport function in farm animals by natural plant bioactive compounds – A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3237-3266. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1486284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kumar Patra
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K. B. Sarani, Belgachia, Kolkata, India
| | - Salah Amasheh
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rudolf Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Lagha AB, Groeger S, Meyle J, Grenier D. Green tea polyphenols enhance gingival keratinocyte integrity and protect against invasion by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4961135. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sabine Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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32
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Sun X, Du M, Navarre DA, Zhu MJ. Purple Potato Extract Promotes Intestinal Epithelial Differentiation and Barrier Function by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:10.1002/mnfr.201700536. [PMID: 29193691 PMCID: PMC7192330 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Perturbation of gut epithelial barrier function induces inflammation and other health problems that originate from the gut. Purple potato contains a high content of beneficial polyphenolic compounds. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of purple potato extract (PPE) on intestinal differentiation and barrier function, and explore its underlying mechanism using Caco-2 cells and ex vivo cultured gut tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS PPE increases transepithelial electrical resistance and decreases FITC-dextran paracellular flux in Caco-2 cells, which are associated with strengthened intestinal epithelial differentiation in both Caco-2 cells and ex vivo guts. Furthermore, PPE treatment enhances AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, concomitant with the increased expression of CDX2, a key transcriptional factor regulating intestinal epithelial differentiation. Knocking out AMPK using CRISPR/Cas9 system abolishes the positive effects of PPE on intestinal epithelial differentiation and barrier function, in junction with the reduced expression of CDX2. CONCLUSION PPE improves gut epithelial differentiation and barrier function via activating AMPK, indicating that PPE, as well as associated purple potato consumption, could be used as a supportive dietary therapeutic strategy for improving gut epithelial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Sun
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Duroy A. Navarre
- Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
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33
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Pham T, Teoh KT, Savary BJ, Chen MH, McClung A, Lee SO. In Vitro Fermentation Patterns of Rice Bran Components by Human Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111237. [PMID: 29137150 PMCID: PMC5707709 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole grain rice is a rich source of fiber, nutrients, and phytochemicals that may promote gastrointestinal health, but such beneficial components are typically removed with the bran during polishing. Soluble feruloylated arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (FAXO) and polyphenols (RBPP) isolated from rice bran are hypothesized to have positive impacts on human gut microbiota through a prebiotic function. Using an in vitro human fecal fermentation bioassay, FAXO and RBPP treatments were assessed for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production patterns and by evaluating their impacts on the phylogentic composition of human gut microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fresh fecal samples collected from healthy adults (n = 10, 5 males, 5 females) were diluted with anaerobic medium. Each sample received five treatments: CTRL (no substrates), FOS (fructooligosaccharides), FAXO, RBPP, and MIX (FAXO with RBPP). Samples were incubated at 37 °C and an aliquot was withdrawn at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h Results showed that SCFA production was significantly increased with FAXO and was comparable to fermentation with FOS, a well-established prebiotic. RBPP did not increase SCFA productions, and no significant differences in total SCFA production were observed between FAXO and MIX, indicating that RBPP does not modify FAXO fermentation. Changes in microbiota population were found in FAXO treatment, especially in Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Dorea populations, indicating that FAXO might modulate microbiota profiles. RBPP and MIX increased Faecalibacterium, specifically F. prausnitzii. Combined FAXO and RBPP fermentation increased abundance of butyrogenic bacteria, Coprococcus and Roseburia, suggesting some interactive activity. Results from this study support the potential for FAXO and RBPP from rice bran to promote colon health through a prebiotic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Pham
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Keat Thomas Teoh
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
| | - Brett J Savary
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
- College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
| | - Ming-Hsuan Chen
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA.
| | - Anna McClung
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA.
| | - Sun-Ok Lee
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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34
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Designing food structure and composition to enhance nutraceutical bioactivity to support cancer inhibition. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:215-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Chen XM, Kitts DD. Flavonoid composition of orange peel extract ameliorates alcohol-induced tight junction dysfunction in Caco-2 monolayer. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:398-406. [PMID: 28412402 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dry citrus peels, also known as "chenpi", have been traditionally used to treat and relieve intestinal inflammation. Recently we have reported that orange peel extracts (OPE) which contain relatively greater polymethoxylated flavone (PMF) content exhibit superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Moreover, these bioactivities were notably greater than an equivalent flavonoid mixture (FM). The present study compares the effects of different OPE sources with distinct PMF composition on tight junction (TJ) dysfunction induced by ethanol. The OPE obtained from Xinhui, China, contained a 20-fold higher PMF content than extracts derived from the orange peels sourced from Guangxi. Xinhui-OPE treatment of ethanol treated Caco-2 cells corresponded to lower (P < 0.05) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and higher (P < 0.05) glutathione reductase activity. Both OPE and the FM prevented ethanol-induced increases in Caco-2 cell paracellular permeability and the dislocation of TJ proteins, including claudin 4, occludin, and zonulin occludin-1 (ZO-1), respectively. Xinhui-OPE increased the expression of claudin 4 and occludin protein, but not mRNA, whereas, Guangxi-OPE and Xinhui-FM had no effect on TJ protein expression. In conclusion, OPE derived from sources that contain higher concentrations of PMF are more effective at preventing intestinal barrier dysfunction of TJ proteins induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Min Chen
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - David D Kitts
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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36
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Hu H, Kortner TM, Gajardo K, Chikwati E, Tinsley J, Krogdahl Å. Intestinal Fluid Permeability in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Is Affected by Dietary Protein Source. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167515. [PMID: 27907206 PMCID: PMC5132168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), and also in other fish species, certain plant protein ingredients can increase fecal water content creating a diarrhea-like condition which may impair gut function and reduce fish growth. The present study aimed to strengthen understanding of the underlying mechanisms by observing effects of various alternative plant protein sources when replacing fish meal on expression of genes encoding proteins playing key roles in regulation of water transport across the mucosa of the distal intestine (DI). A 48-day feeding trial was conducted with five diets: A reference diet (FM) in which fish meal (72%) was the only protein source; Diet SBMWG with a mix of soybean meal (30%) and wheat gluten (22%); Diet SPCPM with a mix of soy protein concentrate (30%) and poultry meal (6%); Diet GMWG with guar meal (30%) and wheat gluten (14.5%); Diet PM with 58% poultry meal. Compared to fish fed the FM reference diet, fish fed the soybean meal containing diet (SBMWG) showed signs of enteritis in the DI, increased fecal water content of DI chyme and higher plasma osmolality. Altered DI expression of a battery of genes encoding aquaporins, ion transporters, tight junction and adherens junction proteins suggested reduced transcellular transport of water as well as a tightening of the junction barrier in fish fed the SBMWG diet, which may explain the observed higher fecal water content and plasma osmolality. DI structure was not altered for fish fed the other experimental diets but alterations in target gene expression and fecal water content were observed, indicating that alterations in water transport components may take place without clear effects on intestinal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Hu
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Trond M. Kortner
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karina Gajardo
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elvis Chikwati
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Tinsley
- BioMar Ltd., Grangemouth Docks, Grangemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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37
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Vieira EF, das Neves J, Vitorino R, Dias da Silva D, Carmo H, Ferreira IMPLVO. Impact of in Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion and Transepithelial Transport on Antioxidant and ACE-Inhibitory Activities of Brewer's Spent Yeast Autolysate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7335-7341. [PMID: 27603923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent yeast (BSY) autolysates may have potential applications as food ingredients or nutraceuticals due to their antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities. The impact of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion, the interaction with intracellular sources of oxidative stress, the intestinal cell permeability of BSY peptides, and the antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities of BSY permeates were assayed. Gastrointestinal digestion of BSY autolysates enhanced antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities as measured in vitro. No cytotoxic effects were observed on Caco-2 cells after exposure to the digested BSY autolysates within a concentration range of 0.5 to 3.0 mg of peptides/mL. A protective role to induced oxidative stress was observed. The transepithelial transport assays indicate high apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values for BSY peptides across Caco-2/HT29-MTX cell monolayer (14.5-26.1 × 10-6 cm/s) and for Caco-2 cell monolayer model (12.4-20.8 × 10-6 cm/s), while the antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities found in flux material from the basolateral side suggest transepithelial absorption of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F Vieira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José das Neves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto , 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde , 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED-Instituto de Biomedicina da Universidade de Aveiro , 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Cirurgia Cardiotorácica da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto , 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Carmo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M P L V O Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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38
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Enhancing nutraceutical bioavailability by controlling the composition and structure of gastrointestinal contents: Emulsion-based delivery and excipient systems. FOOD STRUCTURE-NETHERLANDS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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39
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Gleeson JP, Ryan SM, Brayden DJ. Oral delivery strategies for nutraceuticals: Delivery vehicles and absorption enhancers. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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40
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McEvoy K, Hayes J, Kealey C, Brady D. Influence of sweet whey protein concentrate and its hydrolysates on host-pathogen interactions in the emerging foodborne pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:873-82. [PMID: 27337492 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global healthcare predicament. An attractive approach to the dilemma of drug-resistant bacteria is the development and use of agents that interfere with the ability of pathogens to adhere to human tissue. The influence of sweet whey protein concentrate (SWPC), and selected hydrolysates of this material, on host-pathogen interactions of Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29544) was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS CaCo-2 cell line was selected as a suitable model for the human intestinal epithelium. Cronobacter sakazakiiATCC 29544 was identified as the strain with the highest adhesion efficiency. SWPC reduced its association by 80% (P < 0·01), invasion 35% (P < 0·01), and translocation >95% (P < 0·001). SWPC enzymatically modified with lipase, trypsin and pepsin had variable effects on these behaviours with the most significant effect exhibited with the lipase treatment. SWPC produced an almost total inhibition of translocation of C. sakazakii across a CaCo-2 cell monolayer. Lipase and pepsin treated SWPC also reduced translocation by 75% and 90% respectively. However, trypsin treatment nullified the effect SWPC had on translocation. The presence of viable bacterial cells and SWPC both increased expression of IL-8 following Cronobacter invasion into CaCo-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Factors governing adherence, invasion and translocation of Cronobacter spp. to human intestinal cells are multi-factorial and digested milk products exhibit varying effects dependant on their enzyme modification and protein lipid content. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings contribute to our, as yet, incomplete understanding of Cronobacter pathogenesis, and suggest that SWPC in whole and enzymatically hydrolysed forms, may provide a cost-effective source of bioactive materials with inhibitory effects on bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McEvoy
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland.,Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - J Hayes
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - C Kealey
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland.,Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - D Brady
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland.,Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
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41
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Wang K, Jin X, Chen Y, Song Z, Jiang X, Hu F, Conlon MA, Topping DL. Polyphenol-Rich Propolis Extracts Strengthen Intestinal Barrier Function by Activating AMPK and ERK Signaling. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050272. [PMID: 27164138 PMCID: PMC4882685 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis has abundant polyphenolic constituents and is used widely as a health/functional food. Here, we investigated the effects of polyphenol-rich propolis extracts (PPE) on intestinal barrier function in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells, as well as in rats. In Caco-2 cells, PPE increased transepithelial electrical resistance and decreased lucifer yellow flux. PPE-treated cells showed increased expression of the tight junction (TJ) loci occludin and zona occludens (ZO)-1. Confocal microscopy showed organized expressions in proteins related to TJ assembly, i.e., occludin and ZO-1, in response to PPE. Furthermore, PPE led to the activation of AMPK, ERK1/2, p38, and Akt. Using selective inhibitors, we found that the positive effects of PPE on barrier function were abolished in cells in which AMPK and ERK1/2 signaling were inhibited. Moreover, rats fed a diet supplemented with PPE (0.3% in the diet) exhibited increased colonic epithelium ZO-1 expression. Overall, these data suggest that PPE strengthens intestinal barrier function by activating AMPK and ERK signaling and provide novel insights into the potential application of propolis for human gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Xiaolu Jin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yifan Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiasen Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fuliang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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42
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Karakuła-Juchnowicz H, Szachta P, Opolska A, Morylowska-Topolska J, Gałęcka M, Juchnowicz D, Krukow P, Lasik Z. The role of IgG hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis and therapy of depressive disorders. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:110-118. [PMID: 25268936 DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Depressive episodes are associated not only with changes in neurotransmission in the central nervous system, but also may lead to structural changes in the brain through neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and immunological mechanisms. The aim of this article is to present a new hypothesis connecting the inflammatory theory of depression with IgG food hypersensitivity and leaky gut syndrome. This new potential pathway that may mediate the pathogenesis of depression implies the existence of subsequent developmental stages. Overproduction of zonulin triggered, for example, by gliadin through activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and protease-activated receptor causes loosening of the tight junction barrier and an increase in permeability of the gut wall ('leaky gut'). This results in a process allowing larger molecules that would normally stay in the gut to cross into the bloodstream and in the induction of IgG-dependent food sensitivity. This condition causes an increased immune response and consequently induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines, which in turn may lead to the development of depressive symptoms. It seems advisable to assess the intestinal permeability using as a marker, for example, zonulin and specific IgG concentrations against selected nutritional components in patients with depression. In the case of increased IgG concentrations, the implementation of an elimination-rotation diet may prove to be an effective method of reducing inflammation. This new paradigm in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders linking leaky gut, IgG-dependent food sensitivity, inflammation, and depression is promising, but still needs further studies to confirm this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aneta Opolska
- c Department of Dietetics Higher School of Social Sciences , Lublin , Poland
| | | | | | | | - Paweł Krukow
- a Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry Medical University , Lublin , Poland
| | - Zofia Lasik
- b Institute for Microecology , Poznań , Poland
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43
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McClements DJ, Zou L, Zhang R, Salvia-Trujillo L, Kumosani T, Xiao H. Enhancing Nutraceutical Performance Using Excipient Foods: Designing Food Structures and Compositions to Increase Bioavailability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass 01003 U.S.A
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Univ; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Liqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang Univ; Nanchang, No. 235 Nanjing East Road Nanchang 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Ruojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang Univ; Nanchang, No. 235 Nanjing East Road Nanchang 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Laura Salvia-Trujillo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang Univ; Nanchang, No. 235 Nanjing East Road Nanchang 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Taha Kumosani
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Univ; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hang Xiao
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass 01003 U.S.A
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Effect of chum salmon egg lectin on tight junctions in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Molecules 2015; 20:8094-106. [PMID: 25951005 PMCID: PMC6272223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a chum salmon egg lectin (CSL3) on tight junction (TJ) of Caco-2 cell monolayers was investigated. The lectin opened TJ as indicated by the decrease of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) value and the increase of the permeation of lucifer yellow, which is transported via the TJ-mediated paracellular pathway. The effects of CSL3 were inhibited by the addition of 10 mM L-rhamnose or D-galactose which were specific sugars for CSL3. The lectin increased the intracellular Ca2+ of Caco-2 cell monolayers, that could be inhibited by the addition of L-rhamnose. The fluorescence immunostaining of β-actin in Caco-2 cell monolayers revealed that the cytoskeleton was changed by the CSL3 treatment, suggesting that CSL3 depolymerized β-actin to cause reversible TJ structural and functional disruption. Although Japanese jack bean lectin and wheat germ lectin showed similar effects in the decrease of the TER values and the increase of the intracellular Ca2+, they could not be inhibited by the same concentrations of simple sugars, such as D-glucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
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McClements DJ, Li F, Xiao H. The Nutraceutical Bioavailability Classification Scheme: Classifying Nutraceuticals According to Factors Limiting their Oral Bioavailability. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2015; 6:299-327. [PMID: 25705933 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032814-014043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The oral bioavailability of a health-promoting dietary component (nutraceutical) may be limited by various physicochemical and physiological phenomena: liberation from food matrices, solubility in gastrointestinal fluids, interaction with gastrointestinal components, chemical degradation or metabolism, and epithelium cell permeability. Nutraceutical bioavailability can therefore be improved by designing food matrices that control their bioaccessibility (B*), absorption (A*), and transformation (T*) within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This article reviews the major factors influencing the gastrointestinal fate of nutraceuticals, and then uses this information to develop a new scheme to classify the major factors limiting nutraceutical bioavailability: the nutraceutical bioavailability classification scheme (NuBACS). This new scheme is analogous to the biopharmaceutical classification scheme (BCS) used by the pharmaceutical industry to classify drug bioavailability, but it contains additional factors important for understanding nutraceutical bioavailability in foods. The article also highlights potential strategies for increasing the oral bioavailability of nutraceuticals based on their NuBACS designation (B*A*T*).
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46
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Ramadan Q, Gijs MAM. In vitro micro-physiological models for translational immunology. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:614-36. [PMID: 25501670 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a source of regulation of the human body and is key for its stable functioning. Animal models have been successfully used for many years to study human immunity and diseases and provided significant contributions to the development of powerful new therapies. However, such models inevitably display differences from the human metabolism and disease state and therefore may correlate poorly with the human conditions. This explains the interest for the use of in vitro models of human cells, which have better potential to assist in understanding the physiological events that characterize the immune response in humans. Microfluidic technologies offer great capabilities to create miniaturized in vivo-like physiological models that mimic tissue-tissue interactions and simulate the body metabolism in both the healthy and diseased states. The micro-scale features of these microfluidic systems allow positioning heterogeneous cellular cultures in close proximity to each other in a dynamic fluidic environment, thereby allowing efficient cell-cell interactions and effectively narrowing the gap between in vivo and in vitro conditions. Due to the relative simplicity of these systems, compared to animal models, it becomes possible to investigate cell signaling by monitoring the metabolites transported from one tissue to another in real time. This allows studying detailed physiological events and in consequence understanding the influence of metabolites on a specific tissue/organ function as well as on the healthy/diseased state modulation. Numerous in vitro models of human organs have been developed during the last few years, aiming to mimic as closely as possible the in vivo characteristics of such organs. This technology is still in its infancy, but is promised a bright future in industrial and medical applications. Here we review the recent literature, in which functional microphysiological models have been developed to mimic tissues and to explore multi-tissue interactions, focusing in particular on the study of immune reactions, inflammation and the development of diseases. Also, an outlook on the opportunities and issues for further translational development of functional in vitro models in immunology will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Ramadan
- Bioelectronics Laboratory, Institute of Microelectronics, 11 Science Park II, Singapore 117685.
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47
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Ahmed Nasef N, Mehta S, Ferguson LR. Dietary interactions with the bacterial sensing machinery in the intestine: the plant polyphenol case. Front Genet 2014; 5:64. [PMID: 24772116 PMCID: PMC3983525 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are millions of microbes that live in the human gut. These are important in digestion as well as defense. The host immune system needs to be able to distinguish between the harmless bacteria and pathogens. The initial interaction between bacteria and the host happen through the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). As these receptors are in direct contact with the external environment, this makes them important candidates for regulation by dietary components and therefore potential targets for therapy. In this review, we introduce some of the main PRRs including a cellular process known as autophagy, and how they function. Additionally we review dietary phytochemicals from plants which are believed to be beneficial for humans. The purpose of this review was to give a better understanding of how these components work in order to create better awareness on how they could be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Ahmed Nasef
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sunali Mehta
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
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48
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Tuvia S, Pelled D, Marom K, Salama P, Levin-Arama M, Karmeli I, Idelson GH, Landau I, Mamluk R. A novel suspension formulation enhances intestinal absorption of macromolecules via transient and reversible transport mechanisms. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2010-21. [PMID: 24558008 PMCID: PMC4153969 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medium chain fatty acid salts promote absorption by increasing paracellular permeability of the intestinal epithelium. Novel oily suspension (OS) formulation disperses a powder containing sodium caprylate and macromolecules such as octreotide or fluorescent dextran (FD). Formulation safety, macromolecule absorption and pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) were evaluated. METHODS Octreotide/OS toxicity was evaluated in monkeys following 9 months of daily oral enteric-coated capsule administration. The OS permeation effect was also assessed in rats, using FD/OS and octreotide/OS preparations. Octreotide/OS effects on circulating growth hormone (GH) levels were also measured. RESULTS Safety assessment of octreotide/OS in monkeys after 9 months showed minor drug-related findings, comparable to the injectable octreotide. Octreotide exposure levels were similar across the treatment periods. In rats, OS facilitated FD permeation up to 70 kDa in a reversible, spatial and dose-dependent manner, independent of the intestinal dosing site. Following OS administration, the staining pattern of the tight-junction protein, ZO-1, changed transiently, and a paracellular penetration marker, LC-biotin, permeated between adjacent epithelial cells. Enteral octreotide/OS absorption was dose-dependent and suppressed rat GH levels. CONCLUSIONS Oral octreotide/OS dosing was shown to be safe in monkeys. OS enhances intestinal absorption of active octreotide, likely by transient alteration of the tight junction protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Tuvia
- Chiasma, 10 Hartom St., POB 45182, Jerusalem, 91450 Israel
| | - Dori Pelled
- Chiasma, 10 Hartom St., POB 45182, Jerusalem, 91450 Israel
| | - Karen Marom
- Chiasma, 10 Hartom St., POB 45182, Jerusalem, 91450 Israel
| | - Paul Salama
- Chiasma, 10 Hartom St., POB 45182, Jerusalem, 91450 Israel
| | | | - Irina Karmeli
- Chiasma, 10 Hartom St., POB 45182, Jerusalem, 91450 Israel
| | | | - Isaac Landau
- Chiasma, 10 Hartom St., POB 45182, Jerusalem, 91450 Israel
| | - Roni Mamluk
- Chiasma, 10 Hartom St., POB 45182, Jerusalem, 91450 Israel
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