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Guerrini A, Roncada P, Al-Qudah KM, Isani G, Pacicco F, Peloso M, Sardi L, Tedesco DEA, Romeo GA, Caprai E. Content of Toxic Elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead) in Eggs from an Ethically Managed Laying Hen Farm. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1133. [PMID: 38612373 PMCID: PMC11010967 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic chicken farming has been promoted and spread in several Italian municipalities and worldwide as an aid to the self-consumption of domestically produced food. This study investigated the levels of four toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in eggs from an ethical laying hen farm, comparing the element concentrations with those possibly present in supermarket eggs. A total of 201 eggs, 141 from the farm and produced by different hen genotypes, and 60 from the supermarket, were collected. The levels of the toxic elements were evaluated in the yolk, albumen, and eggshells of all eggs. The results show that the supermarket eggs' yolk and albumen were more contaminated with lead, compared to the rural eggs. Contrarily, the mean content of arsenic was higher in the albumen and eggshells of the rural eggs, compared to the supermarket eggs. The cadmium content was below the LOQ (0.005 mg/kg) in all samples. The mercury content was below or around the LOQ in all rural eggs. Overall, the supermarket egg albumens were significantly more contaminated than the rural ones. No significant differences were found in quality parameters for both types of eggs. The toxic element values that were detected were in line with other studies in the literature. However, despite the concentrations found not representing a risk to the consumers' health, the results of this study raise a potential food safety issue, and it would be desirable to set specific MRLs for eggs for consumers' protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Guerrini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (D.E.A.T.)
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (G.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Khaled Mefleh Al-Qudah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Gloria Isani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (G.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Fausto Pacicco
- Department of Economics, LIUC Cattaneo University, Via Corso G. Matteotti 22, 21053 Castellanza, Italy;
| | - Mariantonietta Peloso
- Chemical Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Luca Sardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (G.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Doriana Eurosia Angela Tedesco
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (D.E.A.T.)
| | - Gianluca Antonio Romeo
- Directorate General for Animal Health and Veterinary Medicinal Products (DGSAF), Italian Ministry of Health (MOH), Office 4, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Roma, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Caprai
- Chemical Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.)
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Joachim T, Cyril F, Ronan C, Gaud D, Agnès F. Design of a generic model based on physiology for persistent organic pollutants in laying hens: Applications on chlordecone and chlorinated paraffins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170447. [PMID: 38290669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
A Physiology Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has been developed to predict the kinetics of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in laying hens. Different datasets have enabled the calibration of the model for chlordecone (CLD), an organochlorine pesticide used in the French West Indies between 1972 and 1993, as well as for chlorinated paraffins (CPs), widely used for various industrial applications worldwide. For this purpose, the sensitivity analysis showed that intake parameters, laying rate, partition coefficients of yolk, hepatic clearance, percentage of metabolism and age were key parameters. Applied to CLD and CPs, this model shows a good capacity for prediction, with 88 % of the experimental values ranging within 1.5-fold of the predicted value at steady state for CPs and 100 % for CLD. The fine modelling of the physiology and the laying process contributes to precision of the model and gives genericity, enabling the switch from one bird species to another. The model can be implemented with other POPs if the clearance and partition coefficient are known.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feidt Cyril
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy
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Mitrovic M, Tomasevic I, Stefanovic S, Djordjevic V, Djekic I. Toxic elements in eggs and egg‐based products: occurrence, exposure assessment and risk characterisation for the Serbian population. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mitrovic
- Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade 11080 Serbia
| | - Igor Tomasevic
- Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade 11080 Serbia
| | - Srđan Stefanovic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology Kaćanskog 13 Belgrade 11040 Serbia
| | - Vesna Djordjevic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology Kaćanskog 13 Belgrade 11040 Serbia
| | - Ilija Djekic
- Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade 11080 Serbia
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Mukherjee R, Pandya P, Baxi D, Ramachandran AV. Endocrine Disruptors-'Food' for Thought. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021; 74:432-442. [PMID: 34866764 PMCID: PMC8632730 DOI: 10.1007/s12595-021-00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Green vegetables, fruits, cereals, and pulses are all rich sources of antioxidants. Retinoic acid, ascorbate, proanthocyanidins, tannins, saponins, melatonin, curcumin, allicin, and alpha-lipoic acid stand documented in plants as bioactive compounds. The international dietary committee advocates a specific quantum of these natural antioxidants through diet. Interestingly, environmental pollution has indeed affected most of these farm products. The use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and heavy metals in soil has a cumulative effect on human health. Enough evidence is available for the presence of phytoestrogen, xenoestrogen, and a host of other endocrine disruptors in the food. These plant-based nutrients can mimic or enhance the natural hormone's health effects. While endocrine disruptors are found in many everyday products, this review aims to address endocrine disruptors from food in the Asian subcontinent. 'Food for thought' justifies the paradigm shift towards good endocrine health by swaying away from the conventional daily dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mukherjee
- Shree P.M. Patel Institute of PG Studies and Research in Science, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat India
| | - Parth Pandya
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391410 Gujarat India
| | - Darshee Baxi
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391410 Gujarat India
| | - A. V. Ramachandran
- School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391410 Gujarat India
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Ghidini S, Varrà MO, Bertocchi L, Fusi F, Angelone B, Ferretti E, Foschini S, Giacometti B, Fedrizzi G, Menotta S, Zanardi E, Lorenzi V. The influence of different production systems on dioxin and PCB levels in chicken eggs from Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy regions (Italy) over 2017-2019 and consequent dietary exposure assessment. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 39:130-148. [PMID: 34732106 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1991003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hen eggs from farms with different production systems (organic, free range, barn, and in cage) sited in two regions of Italy (Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy) were collected from 2017 to 2019 to monitor the levels of 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and the 6 non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl indicators (ndl-PCBs). Average concentrations of PCDD/Fs (0.21 pg WHO(2005)-TEQ/g fat), PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs (0.43 pg WHO(2005)-TEQ/g fat) and ndl-PCBs (6.41 ng/g fat) were below the maximum limits established at European level in eggs, but significantly higher amounts of PCDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs were found in eggs from free-range housing system compared to barn, cage, and organic ones. The potential dietary intake of the monitored contaminants by Italian population age groups through the consumption of locally produced eggs was also evaluated. Exposure levels to PCDD/Fs plus dl-PCBs were below the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 2 pg WHO(2005)-TEQ/kg bw/week recently set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). However, the younger population was found to be more vulnerable than other age groups to exposure to these contaminants. Specifically, the preferential consumption of free-range eggs by infants, toddlers, and children contributed more than 30% to the TWI. The results confirm the need to continuously monitor the levels of chemical contaminants in the environment and provide a reminder of the importance of targeted intervention measures aimed to reduce their occurrence in food and feed, firstly by improving the management practices on egg-producing farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ghidini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Bertocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Centro di Referenza Nazionale per il Benessere Animale (CReNBA), Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fusi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Centro di Referenza Nazionale per il Benessere Animale (CReNBA), Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Angelone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Centro di Referenza Nazionale per il Benessere Animale (CReNBA), Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrica Ferretti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Centro di Referenza Nazionale per il Benessere Animale (CReNBA), Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Foschini
- Unità Organizzativa Veterinaria, Direzione Generale Welfare Regione Lombardia, Milano, Italy
| | - Bruno Giacometti
- Servizio Veterinario e Igiene degli Alimenti, Assessorato Politiche per la Salute, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fedrizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Reparto Chimico degli Alimenti, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simonetta Menotta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Reparto Chimico degli Alimenti, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Lorenzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Centro di Referenza Nazionale per il Benessere Animale (CReNBA), Brescia, Italy
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Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Eggs Exposed to Fire Using a Simple and Efficient Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-01971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Almerud P, Zamaratskaia G, Lindroos AK, Bjermo H, Andersson EM, Lundh T, Ankarberg EH, Lignell S. Cadmium, total mercury, and lead in blood and associations with diet, sociodemographic factors, and smoking in Swedish adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:110991. [PMID: 33705767 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their vulnerability to the toxic effects of certain metals, biomonitoring data on adolescents are limited. In the present study, we assessed blood concentrations of toxic metals (cadmium [Cd], total mercury [Hg], and lead [Pb] in a national representative sample of Swedish adolescents. We also examined the associations of Cd, total Hg and Pb with habitual intakes of major energy-providing food groups and other possible determinants such as age, sex, household education, Nordic or non-Nordic origin, and smoking. METHODS We analysed blood concentrations of Cd, total Hg, and Pb in a sample of 1099 adolescents from the Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-17 study in three age groups (mean age of 12, 15, and 18 years) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The participants completed web-based questionnaires on food consumption frequency, sociodemographic factors and health status. Dietary data from two web-based 24-h dietary recalls were used to estimate the habitual intake of 10 major food groups. RESULTS Almost all participants had detectable concentrations of Cd, total Hg, and Pb in whole blood. The median blood concentrations were 0.12 μg/L for Cd, 0.72 μg/L for total Hg, and 7.1 μg/L for Pb. Higher blood concentrations of Cd were observed in girls than in boys, whereas concentrations of total Hg and Pb were higher in boys. We observed an inverse association between Cd and meat intake. Total Hg concentrations were positively associated with intakes of fish, eggs, meat, and vegetables, and Pb concentrations were inversely associated with intakes of dairy products. Furthermore, smokers had higher concentrations of Cd and Pb. CONCLUSIONS We found that fish was a potentially important source of exposure to total Hg in Swedish adolescents. No other food group was identified to have a strong impact on the blood levels of Cd, total Hg and Pb. Thirteen per cent of the adolescents had blood Pb concentrations above 12 μg/L, the reference point used in the risk assessment of Pb by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Almerud
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Karin Lindroos
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Bjermo
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva M Andersson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sanna Lignell
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
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González N, Marquès M, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Temporal trend of the dietary exposure to metals/metalloids: A case study in Tarragona County, Spain. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110469. [PMID: 34399467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, samples of various food groups were randomly purchased in different establishments of Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). The levels of As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl and V were determined in the analyzed foodstuffs and their dietary intakes were estimated. Manganese was the element showing the highest concentration, while Be, Cr and Tl were not detected in any of the samples. Fish and shellfish was the only food group with detectable traces of all the remaining elements. The current levels were compared with the results of two previous surveys conducted in 1998 and 2013 in the same area. Although the levels of the analyzed elements in foodstuffs increased during the period 2013-2018, their intakes decreased by an average of 60%, due to consumption patterns changes by the population. Children and adolescents exceeded the maximum recommended intake of Ni set by the EFSA, while the dietary exposure to Pb for children was also above safety values. Compared with the concentrations found in 2013, Ni was the only element showing an increase, as well as an increase of human dietary intake. Meat, vegetables and milk were identified as the main contributors to Ni exposure. This trend was also correlated with changes in the biological burden of the same elements previously reported for the population of the area, for whom an increase of Ni in lungs was reported. Based on these results, Ni should be included as a target metal by food safety authorities, being suggested its inclusion in future Total Diet Studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus González
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction The transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from a contaminated environment into the food chain is a serious consumer safety problem. As part of the Polish National Surveillance Program of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in food of animal origin, a concentration of PCDD/Fs of 4.61 ± 0.75 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat was determined in a sample of free-range eggs, which exceeded the permitted limit of 2.5 pg WHO-TEQ/g. The aim of the study was to investigate the source of the egg contamination and the risk for the eggs’ consumers. Materials and methods Eggs, muscles, feed and soil from the place where backyard waste burning had been carried out in the past and ash from a household stove tipped onto the paddock were analysed using the isotope dilution technique with high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results The concentration in ash was low at 0.20 pg WHO-TEQ/g and the congener profile did not indicate the source of contamination. The dioxin content in soil from the backyard waste-burning site was 2.53 pg WHO-TEQ/g dry matter (d.m.) and the soil’s profile of PCDD/F congeners matched the profile of the contaminated eggs. Conclusion By reason of the congener profile similarity, the investigation concluded, that the cause of the contamination was the backyard waste-burning site soil which the animals had access to. Frequent consumption of contaminated eggs from the analysed farm could pose a health risk due to chronic exposure, especially for vulnerable consumers.
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Nassef E, Saker O, Shukry M. Effect of Se sources and concentrations on performance, antioxidant defense, and functional egg quality of laying Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37677-37683. [PMID: 32608001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of Se sources and concentrations on performance, thyroid activity, antioxidant defense, and functional egg quality of Japanese quail. One hundred and twenty, 8-week-old birds were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in 3 replicates (10 birds/replicate). The treatments contained inorganic sodium selenite (SS) at 0.2 mg/kg diet (SS1 = control) or 0.4 mg/kg diet (SS2) or selenomethionine (SM) at 0.2 mg/kg diet (SM1) or 0.4 mg/kg diet (SM2). Egg production (%) and feed intake were daily recorded, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for glucose, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Egg quality was determined in terms of Se content and concentrations of triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and cholesterol. Dietary supplementation of SM2 increased (P < 0.05) egg production (%) and egg mass and decreased FCR compared to the other groups, which showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in between. It is the first study reporting that the eggs from the quail fed SM2 diet had lower concentrations (P < 0.05) of triglycerides, LDL, and cholesterol than those fed SS. Feeding SM increased (P < 0.05) blood glucose, T4, and T3 levels. Moreover, feeding SM increased the activity of GPX and SOD with a higher significance (P < 0.05) for SM2 than SM1. In conclusion, no adverse effects from supplementation of SM up to 0.4 mg/kg were observed and could improve their performance, antioxidant defense, thyroid activity, and functional egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldsokey Nassef
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Osama Saker
- Department of Biochemistry, Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, and Toxicology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Council (ARC), Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
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Kabeer MS, Hameed I, Kashif SUR, Khan M, Tahir A, Anum F, Khan S, Raza S. Contamination of heavy metals in poultry eggs: a study presenting relation between heavy metals in feed intake and eggs. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:220-232. [PMID: 32744478 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1799182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to quantify heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cu and Se) in eggs obtained from poultry farms and backyard raised hens by comparing the concentration of metals in their feed intake. Overall, 90 samples of egg and 12 samples of poultry feed (6 each with food and water) were collected from 3 different poultry farms and backyards located in peri-urban areas of Lahore. A di-acid digestion method was adopted for digestion, after which digested samples were analyzed under atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results showed that the concentration of Pb, Cr and Se in egg white (Pb = 0.6578, Cr = 0.18 and Se = 0.2161), egg yolk (Pb = 0.7011, Cr = 0.2617 and Se = 0.2656), feed (Pb = 2.585, Cr = 1.3039 and Se = 0.9411) and water (Pb = 0.5483, Cr = 0.1006 and Se = 0.3461) were above permissible limits in both poultry farms (study group 1) and backyards (study group 2). The concentration of metals such as Pb, Mn, Cr, Cu and Se in poultry farms eggs were higher than backyard hen eggs, which may be due to the intake of contaminated feed. So, the current study concluded that the higher concentration of metals in eggs has a positive correlation with the intake of feed contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Isbah Hameed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saif-Ur-Rehman Kashif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Khan
- Environmental Consultancies and Options (ECO), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arifa Tahir
- Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Anum
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Khan
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Raza
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Pajurek M, Pietron W, Maszewski S, Mikolajczyk S, Piskorska-Pliszczynska J. Poultry eggs as a source of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDEs and PBDD/Fs. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:651-658. [PMID: 30798060 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of the country or region of the world, poultry eggs are one of the most important components of the human diet. Nutritional value is derived from them, but chicken eggs can be contaminated with POPs. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of different types of chicken husbandry system on bioaccumulation of selected POPs. The HRGC/HRMS method was used for determination of 58 congeners of chlorinated and brominated halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. The influence of the farm rearing system on concentration and congener profile was seen for most groups of tested contaminants, of which the eggs were a source. Human exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds as a result of consumption of contaminated eggs should be a subject of concern. The occurrence of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDEs, and PBDD/Fs in commonly consumed foodstuffs such as eggs supports the need for further research on environmental pollutants and for determination of exposure as the result of their occurrence in different food categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pajurek
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Pietron
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Maszewski
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Szczepan Mikolajczyk
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
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Aydin S, Aydin ME, Beduk F, Ulvi A. Organohalogenated pollutants in raw and UHT cow's milk from Turkey: a risk assessment of dietary intake. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12788-12797. [PMID: 30887452 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, health risk of human exposure to organohalogenated pollutants (OHPs) through milk consumption was determined. Conventionally produced, unprocessed cow's milk samples taken from Konya District, in Turkey, and 15 different brand ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processed cow's milk samples taken from supermarkets of Turkey were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, α-, β-, γ-, and δ-HCHs, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDT, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, aldrin + dieldrin, methoxychlor), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, PCB 28, 52, 101, 153, 138, and 180), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, PBDE 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154 congeners). Estimated daily intake (EDI) values calculated for both adults and children consuming raw or UHT milk were determined to exceed maximum residue limits (MRLs) set for γ-HCH, ∑Heptachlor, and endrin. EDI values also exceeded admissible daily intake (ADI) values given for ∑HCH, ∑Heptachlor, ∑Endrin aldrin + dieldrin, and ∑PCBs. p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE ratio was 1 or higher for 66% of the milk samples, which is an indication of sustaining illegal use of DDT. A health risk is determined for dietary intake of OHPs via consumption of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senar Aydin
- Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Architecture Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, No: 501, Meram, Koycegiz Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Aydin
- Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Architecture Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, No: 501, Meram, Koycegiz Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Beduk
- Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Architecture Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, No: 501, Meram, Koycegiz Campus, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Ulvi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Architecture Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, No: 501, Meram, Koycegiz Campus, Konya, Turkey
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14
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Zhang X, Song Y, Jia Q, Zhang L, Zhang W, Mu P, Jia Y, Qian Y, Qiu J. Simultaneous determination of 58 pesticides and relevant metabolites in eggs with a multi-functional filter by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1593:81-90. [PMID: 30738613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of 58 pesticides and relevant metabolites in eggs was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) after clean-up with a multi-functional filter (MFF) based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS). The egg sample was extracted with 5 ml water and 10 ml 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile and then salt out with sodium chloride. The extracted solution was filtered directly through an MFF containing 50 mg PSA, 50 mg C18, and 150 mg magnesium sulphate before UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The clean-up and filter procedures were integrated using the MFF to substantially improve the work efficiency. Good linearity was shown for each analyte, and all the correlation coefficients exceeded 0.99. The recoveries in the eggs at the five spiked levels were 74.4%-115.2%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 15.3%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 58 pesticides and 8 metabolites in eggs were 0.1-1.0 μg/kg and 0.2-5.0 μg/kg, respectively. The decision limit (CCα) and detection capacity (CCβ) were 3.4-111.1 μg/kg and 6.8-122.1 μg/kg, respectively. This method has also been successfully applied in the determination of actual eggs samples. This developed method is more effective and faster in the monitoring of pesticide residue in eggs compared to the traditional analytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xining Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue Song
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pengqian Mu
- China Asia Pacific Application Support Center, AB SCIEX, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yanbo Jia
- China Asia Pacific Application Support Center, AB SCIEX, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
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15
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Jiang D, Wang G, Li L, Wang X, Li W, Li X, Shao L, Li F. Occurrence, dietary exposure, and health risk estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled and fried meats in Shandong of China. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:2431-2439. [PMID: 30510744 PMCID: PMC6261233 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of information regarding the quantitative determination and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in grilled and fried meat products in Shandong Province of China. The aim of this work was firstly to detect the contamination levels of 15 PAHs in 52 grilled and fried meats consumed by the population of Shandong Province, China. In brief, concentrations of the sum of 15 PAHs in individual samples were ranged from 8.23 to 341 μg/kg with a mean contamination level of 63.3 μg/kg. Moreover, the factors for the formation of PAHs in these samples have been identified and analyzed. One grilled meat sample exceeded the maximum limits of 2 and 12 μg/kg set for BaP and PAH4 by the European Union. For a further step, the mean dietary exposures for total PAHs from grilled and fried meat products were estimated to be 120 and 74.8 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. Finally, the health risk estimation was performed using the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) approach. The obtained values of four groups were all lower than 10-4, indicating a slight potential carcinogenic risk of consumer health. This study was the first attempt to provide baseline information of potential health risk of dietary exposure of PAH-containing grilled and fried meats, which could be useful for health management of the local consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Jiang
- Department of Physical and Chemical TestingShandong Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentShandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinanChina
| | - Guoling Wang
- Department of Physical and Chemical TestingShandong Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentShandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinanChina
| | - Linlin Li
- Shandong Institute for Product Quality InspectionJinanChina
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Physical and Chemical TestingShandong Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentShandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinanChina
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physical and Chemical TestingShandong Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentShandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinanChina
| | - Xia Li
- Department of ChemistryLiaocheng UniversityLiaochengChina
| | - Lijun Shao
- Department of Physical and Chemical TestingShandong Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentShandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinanChina
| | - Fenghua Li
- Department of Physical and Chemical TestingShandong Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentShandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinanChina
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16
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Hashemi M, Sadeghi A, Dankob M, Aminzare M, Raeisi M, Heidarian Miri H, Saghi M. The impact of strain and feed intake on egg toxic trace elements deposition in laying hens and its health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:540. [PMID: 30132144 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of strain or feed intake on food trace elements and its health risk assessment is still ambiguous, and therefore, available facts are rare. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of both strains and feed intake on trace elements depositions to egg, toxic heavy metals concentration, and health risk assessment of egg consumption. In the current cross-sectional study, the selected strains, including Shaver White, Hy-Line W36, Bovanse White, Lohman LSL-Lite, and Native laying hens of Khorasan Razavi province, were examined. A total number of 50 samples of eggs and 15 samples of their feed was purchased from poultry farms. Yolk and white were separately analyzed. Sample preparation was performed by wet digestion followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Trace metals Pb, As, Cd, Hg, Cr, and Ni were detected. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata11.2 portable software. Although there was a significant difference in strains and feed, no significant difference was observed in trace elements in egg contents (weight of egg white and egg yolk). Mercury concentration in all the samples was below the instrument detection limit. In this study, the target hazardous quotients were below one for all trace elements. Therefore, Iranian does not experience the adverse health effects due to the consumption of egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Sadeghi
- Food and Drug Office, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Dankob
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Ave., Mashhad, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Aminzare
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Raeisi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Heidarian Miri
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Saghi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Ave., Mashhad, Iran.
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17
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Rubio C, Ojeda I, Gutierrez AJ, Paz S, González-Weller D, Hardisson A. Exposure assessment of trace elements in fresh eggs from free-range and home-grown hens analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Węgiel M, Chrząszcz R, Maślanka A, Grochowalski A. Seasonal variations of PCDD/Fs congeners in air, soil and eggs from a Polish small-scale farm. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:89-97. [PMID: 29433032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of dioxin from the environment to the food is a problem in a consumers' health protection. The study aimed to determine the concentration of dioxins in free-range chicken eggs, air and soil samples, collected during 12 months on an individual small farm, located in Małopolska region, Poland. In the majority of analyzed eggs, the concentrations of dioxin exceeded several times the legal limit of 2.5 pg WHO-TEQ g-1fat. Seasonal changes in the PCDD/Fs congeners in egg, air and soil samples were studied. During the winter season, when the combustion processes of the solid fuel in domestic furnaces are intensive, the PM10 concentration in the Małopolska region exceeds the legal limit (50μg/m3) even eight times. In this period, eggs, air and soil samples showed a higher share of PCDFs with a specific contribution of 2,3,7,8-TCDF. During the summer months, in the egg, air and soil samples, the share of PCDDs is higher with dominant OCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDDs, showing the effect of other combustion processes such as grass utilization or burning plastic wastes in controlled fires. In August, the month of the highest average air temperature and lowest rainfall amount, the highest toxicity of PCDD/Fs in eggs (9.52pgWHO-TEQ g-1fat) was found. Due to the similarity of the shares of PCDD/Fs congeners in total WHO-TEQ value we can take into account the influence of toxicity of PCDD/Fs in the air and soil on the toxicity in the eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Węgiel
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Chrząszcz
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Anna Maślanka
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Adam Grochowalski
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155, Cracow, Poland.
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19
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Parente CET, Lestayo J, Guida YS, Azevedo-Silva CE, Torres JPM, Meire RO, Malm O. Pyrethroids in chicken eggs from commercial farms and home production in Rio de Janeiro: Estimated daily intake and diastereomeric selectivity. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1261-1269. [PMID: 28672725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pyrethroids were determined in chicken eggs from commercial farm (n = 60) and home egg production (n = 30). These pyrethroids were investigated: bifenthrin, phenothrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, including most diastereomers. Quantification was done using GC-MS in a negative chemical ionization mode. Pyrethroids residues were found in 79% of the analyzed samples. Cypermethrin presented the highest occurrence, being quantified in 62 samples (69%) in concentrations (lipid weight - l w.) varying between 0.29 and 6408 ng g-1, followed by phenothrin (24%), 21-3910 ng g-1, permethrin (14%), 2.96-328 ng g-1, and bifenthrin (11%), 3.77-16.7 ng g-1. Cyfluthrin and fenvalerate were not detected. Home-produced eggs had a higher occurrence of pyrethroids (97%), with a greater predominance of phenothrin. In commercial production, 70% of the samples presented pyrethroid residues (predominantly cypermethrin). This is the first report about the presence of pyrethroids in home-produced eggs and the first description of a selectivity pattern with the predominance of cis diastereomers in chicken eggs. In general, estimated daily intake does not present a risk to human consumption, according to Brazilian and international standards (FAO/WHO). However, one third of the samples (30 eggs) had concentrations above the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The maximum cypermethrin concentration was 66 times the MRL, while the maximum phenothrin concentration was 11 times the limit. Further studies about transfer dynamics, bioaccumulation and metabolic degradation of stereoisomers are required, as well as determining if this selectivity pattern in food can increase consumer's health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio E T Parente
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Instituto de Biofísica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho S/n, Bloco G, Sala 60, Subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Julliana Lestayo
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Instituto de Biofísica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho S/n, Bloco G, Sala 60, Subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Yago S Guida
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Instituto de Biofísica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho S/n, Bloco G, Sala 60, Subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Claudio E Azevedo-Silva
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Instituto de Biofísica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho S/n, Bloco G, Sala 60, Subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Instituto de Biofísica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho S/n, Bloco G, Sala 60, Subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O Meire
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Instituto de Biofísica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho S/n, Bloco G, Sala 60, Subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Instituto de Biofísica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho S/n, Bloco G, Sala 60, Subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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20
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Piskorska-Pliszczynska J, Strucinski P, Mikolajczyk S, Pajurek M, Maszewski S, Pietron W. Dioxins and PCBs in ostrich meat and eggs: levels and implications. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:2190-2200. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1364871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Strucinski
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szczepan Mikolajczyk
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Marek Pajurek
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maszewski
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pietron
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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21
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Dietary Intake of Metals from Fresh Cage-Reared Hens’ Eggs in Tenerife, Canary Islands. J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/5972153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of 20 metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mo, Co, B, Ba, Sr, Ni, Si, Al, Pb, and Cd) in cage-reared hens’ eggs have been determined in this study using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). There were significant differences in the metal content depending on the edible part of the egg, with the yolk having the greater concentrations of metals. The daily consumption of eggs (24.3 g/person/day for children and 31.2 g/person/day for adults) contributes to the intake of trace metals, notably Fe (3.8% children, 3.2% women, and 6.5% men) and Zn (4.5% children, 6.6% women, and 4.9% men). In addition, the consumption of eggs does not imply a high contribution of toxic metals.
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22
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Lambiase S, Serpe FP, Cavallo S, Rosato G, Baldi L, Neri B, Esposito M. Occurrence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in eggs from free-range hens in Campania (southern Italy) and risk evaluation. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:56-64. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1260167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lambiase
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Serpe
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Guido Rosato
- UOD Prevenzione Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, ASL NA 1, Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Baldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Bruno Neri
- Direzione Operativa Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Esposito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
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23
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Esposito M, Cavallo S, Chiaravalle E, Miedico O, Pellicanò R, Rosato G, Sarnelli P, Baldi L. Trace elements in free-range hen eggs in the Campania region (Italy) analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:326. [PMID: 27147239 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Eggs from hens raised on rural or domestic farms are a good indicator of environmental contamination, as the hens are in close contact with the ground and the air and can therefore accumulate heavy metals and other toxic contaminants from the environment as well as from the diet. In this paper, we report the results of the determination of 19 trace elements (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Tl, U, V, Zn) in 39 hen egg samples collected from domestic poultry farms in the territory dubbed the "Land of fires" in the Campania region (Italy). This area is characterized by environmental problems caused by the illegal dumping of industrial or domestic waste in fields or by roadsides. In some cases, these wastes have been burned, thereby spreading persistent contaminants into the atmosphere. The content of trace elements in whole egg samples was determined by mass spectrometer after a microwave-assisted digestion procedure. Because European legislation does not indicate maximum values of these elements in this foodstuff, the results were compared with the content of trace elements reported in literature for eggs, in particular home-produced eggs, in various countries. In some cases (Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn), the content determined in this study was in line with those reported elsewhere, in other cases (Pb, Cr), lower values were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute, 2 -, Portici, Italy.
| | - Stefania Cavallo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute, 2 -, Portici, Italy
| | - Eugenio Chiaravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia, 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - Oto Miedico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia, 20, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberta Pellicanò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute, 2 -, Portici, Italy
| | - Guido Rosato
- UOD Prevenzione Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Regione Campania - Centro Direzionale is. C3, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Sarnelli
- UOD Prevenzione Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Regione Campania - Centro Direzionale is. C3, Napoli, Italy
| | - Loredana Baldi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute, 2 -, Portici, Italy
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24
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Ketyam B, Imsilp K, Poapolathep A, Poapolathep S, Jermnak U, Phaochoosak N, Tanhan P. Health risk associated with the consumption of duck egg containing endosulfan residues. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:270. [PMID: 27052347 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Eight duck farms and a local market in Suphanburi province, Thailand adjacent to paddy fields were selected for this study. The concentrations of endosulfan isomers (α- and β-endosulfan) and endosulfan sulfate in environmental matrices (water, soil, feed) and duck eggs were determined. Human health risk via the contaminated egg consumption was also evaluated. Analysis of environmental matrices found both endosulfan isomers (α- and β-endosulfan) and endosulfan sulfate in most samples. Endosulfan sulfate was predominantly found in all matrices followed by β- and α-endosulfan, respectively. The total endosulfan concentrations were in the following order: feed > soil > water. However, the levels of endosulfan detected were lower than the regulatory maximum residue limit of endosulfan, except in water (>0.200 ng mL(-1)). Endosulfan sulfate in duck egg samples was also predominantly detected in both yolk and albumin. The average total endosulfan residues (∑endosulfan) in yolk (6.73 ng g(-1)) were higher than in albumin (4.78 ng g(-1)). According to principle component analysis, we found that paddy soil surrounding the duck farms is the suspected source of endosulfan contamination in husbandry water which subsequently contaminates duck eggs. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of these endosulfan-contaminated eggs were well below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for endosulfan (6 μg kg(-1) day(-1)). However, the consumption of this contaminated duck eggs should be of concerns in regard to chronic exposure. Therefore, the better environmental managements to reduce endosulfan residues can play a crucial role for decreasing human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Butsayanan Ketyam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Imsilp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Saranya Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Usuma Jermnak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Napasorn Phaochoosak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Phanwimol Tanhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Zheng X, Xu F, Luo X, Mai B, Covaci A. Phosphate flame retardants and novel brominated flame retardants in home-produced eggs from an e-waste recycling region in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:545-550. [PMID: 26460270 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate flame retardants (PFRs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) (2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-benzoate (EH-TBB) and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate (BEH-TEBP)) were measured in free-range chicken eggs from three e-waste recycling sites and a negative control site located in Guangdong province, Southern China. BEH-TEBP, tris-(chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), tris-(chloropropyl)-phosphate (∑TCPP, two isomers) and tris-(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)-phosphate (TDCIPP) were detected in more than 50% of eggs samples with low concentrations. The median values of BEH-TEBP and total PFRs were 0.17-0.46 ng/g ww (wet weight) and 1.62-2.59 ng/g ww in eggs from the e-waste sites, respectively. The results indicate that EH-TBB, BEH-TEBP and PFRs are less persistent and bioaccumulative than polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in chicken eggs, and possibly also in other bio-matrices. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) were identified in albumen with higher frequencies, but at similar concentrations compared to yolk, while BEH-TEBP was mainly detected in yolk. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of BEH-TEBP and total PFRs from consumption of chicken eggs ranged from 0.03 to 0.09 and 0.32-0.52 ng/kg bw/day for adults, and 0.20-0.54 and 1.89-3.02 ng/kg bw/day for children in e-waste sites, respectively. Indoor dust ingestion seems to be a more important pathway for the intake of these FRs, while egg consumption is probably a more important exposure pathway for PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchao Xu
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Martellini T, Diletti G, Scortichini G, Lolini M, Lanciotti E, Katsoyiannis A, Cincinelli A. Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in foodstuffs in Italy and implications for human exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89:32-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Piskorska-Pliszczynska J, Strucinski P, Mikolajczyk S, Maszewski S, Rachubik J, Pajurek M. Pentachlorophenol from an old henhouse as a dioxin source in eggs and related human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:404-412. [PMID: 26566017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were detected in free-range eggs, and these levels reached a concentration of 29.84 ± 7.45 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of fat. This value exceeded the EU maximum permitted level of 2.5 pg of WHO-TEQ/g of fat for PCDD/F congeners by twelve-fold. A chemical analysis (HRGC-HRMS) revealed elevated amounts of OCDD, OCDF, HxCDD, HpCDD and HpCDF. During the investigation, samples of feed, soil, wall scrapings, wooden ceiling of the henhouse and tissues from laying hens were examined for dioxin contents (30 samples altogether). The long and complicated investigation found that the source of dioxins in the poultry farm was pentachlorophenol-treated wood, which was used as structural components in the 40-year-old farm building adapted to a henhouse. The wooden building material contained PCDD/Fs at a concentration of 3922.60 ± 560.93 pg of WHO-TEQ/g and 11.0 ± 2.8 μg/kg of PCP. The potential risk associated with dioxin intake was characterized by comparing the theoretically calculated weekly and monthly intakes with the toxicological reference values (TRVs), namely the Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) and Provisional Tolerable Monthly Intake (PTMI) values of 14 pg of WHO-TEQ/kg of bw and 70 pg of WHO-TEQ/kg of bw, respectively. The intake of dioxins estimated for high egg consumers (approximately 5-6 eggs/week) exceeded the TWI and PTMI values, which may pose a risk of delayed adverse health effects. The estimated dose of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs for children consuming 5 eggs per week exceeded the TWI by as much as 450% because of their nearly 5-fold-lower body weight. Although the dioxin intake estimated for the average consumption of eggs in the general population did not exceed any of the TRVs applied (58.7% TWI and 51.1% PTMI), such a situation should be considered unacceptable from a public health perspective because eggs are not the only source of these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Strucinski
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szczepan Mikolajczyk
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maszewski
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Rachubik
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Marek Pajurek
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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28
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Squadrone S, Brizio P, Nespoli R, Stella C, Abete MC. Human dietary exposure and levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) in free-range eggs close to a secondary aluminum smelter, Northern Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:429-436. [PMID: 26256146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PCDD/Fs and PCBs are environmentally persistent substances that have been associated with adverse effects on human health. Contamination of soils, animal feed and pastures leads to their bioaccumulation of in food products of animal origin, which are considered the major source of intake of these contaminants in humans. We analyzed eggs from free-range hens, sampled from small farms, located within a distance of 4.5 km from a secondary aluminum smelter in Northern Italy. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs and NDL-PCBs were higher in eggs from locations close to the plant, and strongly exceeded the limits set by EU Regulation 1259/2011 (2.5 pg WHO TEQ fat g(-1) for PCDD/Fs, 5.0 pg WHO TEQ g(-1) for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs L, 40 ng g(-1) for NDL-PCBs). Without the prompt and immediately applied control strategies, the consumption of contaminated eggs may have posed [corrected] a risk for human health, especially for children (≤9 years) and infants (≤3 years), due to the 2-fold excess of the current exposure limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
| | - P Brizio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - R Nespoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - C Stella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - M C Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
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29
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Multiresidue method for the determination of pharmacologically active substances in egg and honey using a continuous solid-phase extraction system and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 178:63-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Piskorska-Pliszczynska J, Strucinski P, Mikolajczyk S, Maszewski S, Warenik-Bany M. 23. Dioxins in eggs. HANDBOOK OF EGGS IN HUMAN FUNCTION 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-804-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Piskorska-Pliszczynska
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- 2Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P. Strucinski
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- 2Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Mikolajczyk
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- 2Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Maszewski
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- 2Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Warenik-Bany
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- 2Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
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31
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Xu M, Qiu Y, Bignert A, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Zhao J. Organochlorines in free-range hen and duck eggs from Shanghai: occurrence and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:1742-1749. [PMID: 24862478 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of the residents' diet in China, the consumption of hen and duck eggs has been increasing rapidly in the past decades. Being rich in protein and lipid, eggs may be one of the main exposure routes for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to human beings. In this study, four kinds of free-range hen and duck eggs were collected from two traditional egg-producing areas in Shanghai, namely Dianshan Lake Area and Jinshan Industry Zone. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, 18 compounds) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, 14 compounds) were analyzed with 41 egg samples. Among all OCPs, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were the dominant contaminant, with the concentrations ranging from 100 to 730 ng/g, lw. Unlike the 4,4'-DDE as the predominant DDTs congener in other three kinds of eggs, the duck eggs from Jinshan Industrial Zone had an abnormally high concentration of 2,4'-DDD, which may be related to ducks' feedings in the water. The levels of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and pentachloroanisole (PCA) in eggs from different places were similar to each other, while hexchlorobenzene (HCB) for hen eggs from Dianshan Lake was much higher than other eggs. According to the results, the DDTs residues detected in this study were mainly due to the historical usage, whereas the high ratio of γ-HCH/α-HCH suggested that there might be some recent input of lindane in these two areas. For PCBs, the congener profiles varied among species. Low molecular PCBs (Tri-PCBs and Tetra-PCBs) were main congeners for duck eggs from Dianshan Lake and all hen eggs, while high molecular PCBs accounted for more than 50 % for duck eggs from Jinshan Industrial Zone, which was consistent with the water analysis results of the synchronous study from our group. This study suggests that Dianshan Lake Area may not be a good reference area for POPs monitoring in Shanghai. The estimated daily intakes of DDTs, HCHs, HCBs, and PCBs were far below the reference limits, showing no significant health risk for human consumption by eating eggs collected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
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32
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Miranda JM, Anton X, Redondo-Valbuena C, Roca-Saavedra P, Rodriguez JA, Lamas A, Franco CM, Cepeda A. Egg and egg-derived foods: effects on human health and use as functional foods. Nutrients 2015; 7:706-29. [PMID: 25608941 PMCID: PMC4303863 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs are sources of protein, fats and micronutrients that play an important role in basic nutrition. However, eggs are traditionally associated with adverse factors in human health, mainly due to their cholesterol content. Nowadays, however, it is known that the response of cholesterol in human serum levels to dietary cholesterol consumption depends on several factors, such as ethnicity, genetic makeup, hormonal factors and the nutritional status of the consumer. Additionally, in recent decades, there has been an increasing demand for functional foods, which is expected to continue to increase in the future, owing to their capacity to decrease the risks of some diseases and socio-demographic factors such as the increase in life expectancy. This work offers a brief overview of the advantages and disadvantages of egg consumption and the potential market of functional eggs, and it explores the possibilities of the development of functional eggs by technological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Xaquin Anton
- Clavo congelados, S. A. Caldas de Reis, 36650 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Celia Redondo-Valbuena
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Paula Roca-Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Jose A Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42076 Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Carlos M Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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