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das Neves TT, Cassimiro DMDJ, de Souza JGDL, Castro CRDS, Schwan RF, Batista LR, Silva CF. Inhibition of Aspergillus spp. growth and ochratoxin A production in Conilon and Arabica coffees based-medium by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 425:110875. [PMID: 39168059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCMA 0159 is reported as a promising biocontrol agent against ochratoxin A (OTA)-producing fungi in coffee. Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (var. Conilon or Robusta) are the most widely consumed coffee species around the world, cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, each exhibiting distinct physicochemical and sensory characteristics. The objective of this study was to compare the growth and OTA production by Aspergillus carbonarius, A. ochraceus, and A. westerdijkiae in C. arabica and C. canephora, along with assessing the efficiency of S. cerevisiae CCMA 0159 in biocontrolling ochratoxigenic fungi in both coffee varieties. A. carbonarius exhibited a higher growth rate and OTA production in both coffee varieties, with C. canephora showing particular susceptibility. Conversely, A. ochraceus and A. westerdijkiae demonstrated lower growth and OTA production. S. cerevisiae was effective in biocontrolling the fungal isolates, inhibiting over 80 % of A. carbonarius growth in both coffee varieties. Among the mechanisms of action of the biological control agent, the production of volatile organic compounds stands out. The results of this study confirm the significant potential of S. cerevisiae CCMA 0159 as a biocontrol agent against Aspergillus for application in coffee-producing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Teixeira das Neves
- Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, Post Office Box: 3037, CEP 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rosane Freitas Schwan
- Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, Post Office Box: 3037, CEP 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis Roberto Batista
- Food Sciences Department, Federal University of Lavras, Post Office Box: 3037, CEP 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristina Ferreira Silva
- Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, Post Office Box: 3037, CEP 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Zhao C, Liu X, Tian H, Li Z. Integrated characterization of arabica coffee husk tea using flavoromics, targeted screening, and in silico approaches. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101556. [PMID: 39007118 PMCID: PMC11245994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the key volatile compounds in two types of processed arabica coffee husk tea, elucidate their olfactory characteristics, and investigate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Sensory evaluation indicated differences between the two groups. A total of 64 and 99 compounds were identified in the C and FC groups, respectively, with 5 identified as key aroma compounds (ROAV≥1). Molecular simulations indicated that four common key aroma compounds were successfully docked with OR1A1 and OR5M3 receptors, forming stable complexes. Furthermore, 14 volatile compounds interacted with 140 targets associated with oxidation and inflammation, linking to 919 gene ontology (GO) terms and 135 kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways. Molecular simulations revealed that these volatile components showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by interacting with core receptors through several forces, including van der Waals, Pi-alkyl, and Pi-cation interactions and hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiuwei Liu
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Zelin Li
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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3
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Zakaria L. An Overview of Aspergillus Species Associated with Plant Diseases. Pathogens 2024; 13:813. [PMID: 39339004 PMCID: PMC11435247 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Aspergillus contains several species that are important plant pathogens. Plant pathogenic Aspergillus spp. affect agricultural crops in the field as well as after harvest, often associated with corn ear rot, cotton boll rot, peanut yellow mold, black mold of onion and garlic, fruit rot on grapes, pomegranates, olives, citrus, and apples. Coffee berries and coffee beans as well as tree nuts are also frequently infected by Aspergillus spp. Some of the plant pathogenic Aspergillus spp. are also mycotoxigenic, produced mycotoxin in the plant tissues leading to contamination of agricultural products. Over the years, reports of plant diseases caused by Aspergillus in various crops have increased, suggesting they are commonly encountered plant pathogens. This review focuses on agricultural crops or cultivated plants infected by Aspergillus spp. The compilation of plant pathogenic Aspergillus spp. provides information to mycologists, particularly those involved in plant pathology and crop protection, with updated information on plant diseases caused by various species of Aspergillus. The updated information also includes the locality or location, province, state and the country. The knowledge on the prevalence and geographic distribution of plant pathogenic Aspergillus spp. is beneficial in the application of crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latiffah Zakaria
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang 11800, Malaysia
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4
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Sevim S, Macit A, Kizil M. Ochratoxin a levels in Turkish coffee: a probabilistic health risk assessment via Monte Carlo simulation. Mycotoxin Res 2024:10.1007/s12550-024-00552-3. [PMID: 39162959 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Throughout history, Turkish coffee has been the most widely consumed type of coffee in Turkey. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the amount of ochratoxin A (OTA) present in Turkish coffee and to analyze any potential health hazards. A total of 41 Turkish coffees were collected and analyzed for OTA activity using a competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Furthermore, dietary exposure and health risk assessments for the Turkish population were calculated based on analytical results and coffee consumption data from the Turkish Nutrition and Health Survey 2019 (TNHS-2019) in three age categories (15-18, 19-64, and 65 + years). Nine of the samples contained more than 2.5 μg/kg OTA, with an average of 5.24 μg/kg. The OTA concentration in 3 samples exceeded the permissible maximum limit (5 μg/kg) established by Turkish legislation, and the mean concentration was 8.41 μg/kg. A margin of exposure (MOE) approach was used for risk characterization, considering both non-neoplastic and neoplastic consequences. There were no concerns about health risks because MOEs were more than 10,000 for all categories. Although the levels of OTA analyzed in Turkish coffee did not pose a risk to individuals in the three age categories, emphasis should be placed on minimizing and controlling OTA concentrations in Turkish coffee. Additionally, it is also necessary to consider other food sources that could contribute to OTA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyra Sevim
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arife Macit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Mevlude Kizil
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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5
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López-Rodríguez C, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Strub C, Fontana A, Schorr-Galindo S, Medina A. Reduction in Ochratoxin A Occurrence in Coffee: From Good Practices to Biocontrol Agents. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:590. [PMID: 39194915 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by Aspergillus section Circumdati and section Nigri across the coffee chain. OTA is nephrotoxic and is a threat to human health. This review summarizes current knowledge on how to reduce OTA concentration in coffee from farm to cup. After a brief introduction to the OTA occurrence in coffee, current good management practices are introduced. The core of this review focuses on biocontrol and microbial decontamination by lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and fungi, and their associated enzymes currently reported in the literature. Special attention is given to publications closest to in vivo applications of biocontrol agents and microbial OTA adsorption or degradation agents. Finally, this review provides an opinion on which future techniques to promote within the coffee supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia López-Rodríguez
- Magan Centre of Applied Mycology, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
- Qualisud, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon University, University of La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Caroline Strub
- Qualisud, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon University, University of La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique Fontana
- Qualisud, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon University, University of La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Schorr-Galindo
- Qualisud, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon University, University of La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Angel Medina
- Magan Centre of Applied Mycology, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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Boadu VG, Teye E, Lamptey FP, Amuah CLY, Sam-Amoah L. Novel authentication of African geographical coffee types (bean, roasted, powdered) by handheld NIR spectroscopic method. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35512. [PMID: 39170384 PMCID: PMC11336767 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
African coffee is among the best traded coffee types worldwide, and rapid identification of its geographical origin is very important when trading the commodity. The study was important because it used NIR techniques to geographically differentiate between various types of coffee and provide a supply chain traceability method to avoid fraud. In this study, geographic differentiation of African coffee types (bean, roasted, and powder) was achieved using handheld near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariant data processing. Five African countries were used as the origins for the collection of Robusta coffee. The samples were individually scanned at a wavelength of 740-1070 nm, and their spectra profiles were preprocessed with mean centering (MC), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and standard normal variate (SNV). Support vector machines (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), neural networks (NN), random forests (RF), and partial least square discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) were then used to develop a prediction model for African coffee types. The performance of the model was assessed using accuracy and F1-score. Proximate chemical composition was also conducted on the raw and roasted coffee types. The best classification algorithms were developed for the following coffee types: raw bean coffee, SD-PLSDA, and MC + SD-PLSDA. These models had an accuracy of 0.87 and an F1-score of 0.88. SNV + SD-SVM and MSC + SD-NN both had accuracy and F1 scores of 0.97 for roasted coffee beans and 0.96 for roasted coffee powder, respectively. The results revealed that efficient quality assurance may be achieved by using handheld NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to differentiate between different African coffee types according to their geographical origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Gyimah Boadu
- University of Cape Coast, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, School of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Department of Hospitality and Tourism Education, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernest Teye
- University of Cape Coast, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, School of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Francis Padi Lamptey
- University of Cape Coast, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, School of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Cape Coast Technical University, Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Charles Lloyd Yeboah Amuah
- University of Cape Coast, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Physics, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - L.K. Sam-Amoah
- University of Cape Coast, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, School of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Cape Coast, Ghana
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7
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Rodríguez CL, Strub C, Fontana A, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Durand N, Beugré C, Guehi T, Medina A, Schorr-Galindo S. Biocontrol activities of yeasts or lactic acid bacteria isolated from Robusta coffee against Aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin A production in vitro. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 415:110638. [PMID: 38430685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Biocontrol Agents (BCAs) can be an eco-friendly alternative to fungicides to reduce the contamination with mycotoxigenic fungi on coffee. In the present study, different strains of bacteria and yeasts were isolated from Ivorian Robusta coffee. Their ability to reduce fungal growth and Ochratoxin A (OTA) production during their confrontation against Aspergillus carbonarius was screened on solid media. Some strains were able to reduce growth and OTA production by 85 % and 90 % and were molecularly identified as two yeasts, Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae and Meyerozyma caribbica. Subsequent tests on liquid media with A. carbonarius or solely with OTA revealed adhesion of R. ruineniae to the mycelium of A. carbonarius through Scanning Electron Microscopy, and an OTA adsorption efficiency of 50 %. For M. caribbica potential degradation of OTA after 24 h incubation was observed. Both yeasts could be potential BCAs good candidates for Ivorian Robusta coffee protection against A. carbonarius and OTA contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia López Rodríguez
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon Univ, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France; Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Caroline Strub
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon Univ, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France.
| | - Angélique Fontana
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon Univ, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Noël Durand
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon Univ, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Beugré
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Tagro Guehi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Sabine Schorr-Galindo
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon Univ, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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8
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Casu A, Camardo Leggieri M, Toscano P, Battilani P. Changing climate, shifting mycotoxins: A comprehensive review of climate change impact on mycotoxin contamination. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13323. [PMID: 38477222 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Climate change (CC) is a complex phenomenon that has the potential to significantly alter marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Global warming of 2°C is expected to be exceeded during the 21st century, and the frequency of extreme weather events, including floods, storms, droughts, extreme temperatures, and wildfires, has intensified globally over recent decades, differently affecting areas of the world. How CC may impact multiple food safety hazards is increasingly evident, with mycotoxin contamination in particular gaining in prominence. Research focusing on CC effects on mycotoxin contamination in edible crops has developed considerably throughout the years. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive literature search to collect available studies in the scientific literature published between 2000 and 2023. The selected papers highlighted how warmer temperatures are enabling the migration, introduction, and mounting abundance of thermophilic and thermotolerant fungal species, including those producing mycotoxins. Certain mycotoxigenic fungal species, such as Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum, are expected to readily acclimatize to new conditions and could become more aggressive pathogens. Furthermore, abiotic stress factors resulting from CC are expected to weaken the resistance of host crops, rendering them more vulnerable to fungal disease outbreaks. Changed interactions of mycotoxigenic fungi are likewise expected, with the effect of influencing the prevalence and co-occurrence of mycotoxins in the future. Looking ahead, future research should focus on improving predictive modeling, expanding research into different pathosystems, and facilitating the application of effective strategies to mitigate the impact of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Casu
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Camardo Leggieri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Piero Toscano
- IBE-CNR, Institute of BioEconomy-National Research Council, Firenze, Italia
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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9
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Ben Miri Y, Nouasri A, Benabdallah A, Benslama A, Tacer-Caba Z, Laassami A, Djenane D, Simal-Gandara J. Antifungal effects of selected menthol and eugenol in vapors on green coffee beans during long-term storage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18138. [PMID: 37496903 PMCID: PMC10366420 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) is among the most significant agricultural products of the world and drinking coffee has become one of the most popular habits in the world. The main contamination of stored coffee beans is related with the mycotoxin produced by the toxigenic fungi belonging the genus Aspergillus. Fungal infection followed by mycotoxin biosynthesis in coffee results in notable financial losses. subsequent mycotoxin biosynthesis in coffee leads to major economic losses. Complications ranging from mild to severe can be caused by the mycotoxins produced by this genus. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of menthol and eugenol on Aspergillus parasiticus (CBS 100926T) growth, spore germination, and their potential use as green coffee beans preservative during long-term storage (12 months). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values of the menthol and eugenol were recorded to completely inhibit the growth of A. parasiticus in 400 μg/ml and 300 μg/ml, respectively. Both reduced spore germination by 9.33% and 5.66% at 300 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml, respectively. They showed efficacy in fumigated green coffee beans sample during the storage for up to 12 months providing an increase in the protection level of 62.5% for menthol and 73.21% for eugenol against the A. parasiticus contamination. This suggests that menthol and eugenol could be used as good alternatives for decreasing the deteriorations due to the fungal infections in green coffee beans during long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamina Ben Miri
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Mohamed Boudiaf University, BP 166 M'sila 28000, M'sila, Algeria
- Food Quality and Safety Research Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences. Mouloud Mammeri University; BP, 17. 15000, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Nouasri
- Laboratory of Bioactive Products and Biomass Valorization Research. ENS Kouba, BP92, Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amina Benabdallah
- Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Pollution, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences. University Chadli Bendjedid, El-Tarf, 36000, Algeria
| | - Abderrahim Benslama
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Mohamed Boudiaf University, BP 166 M'sila 28000, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Zeynep Tacer-Caba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bahcesehir University, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Affaf Laassami
- Microbial Systems Biology Laboratory (LBSM); ENS Kouba, BP92, Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Djamel Djenane
- Food Quality and Safety Research Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences. Mouloud Mammeri University; BP, 17. 15000, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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10
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Almogdad M, Jonavičienė A, Semaškienė R. Bruchus rufimanus Boh. Effect on Broad Bean Seed Quality and the Infection Level of Seed-Borne Fungal Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091825. [PMID: 37176883 PMCID: PMC10180936 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Broad bean weevil (Bruchus rufimanus Boh.) is considered an economically important insect pest of the broad bean crop. Its damage starts when larvae burrow into the seed and feed on endosperm or kill the embryo, thus the seed cannot germinate. The microbiological quality and consumer safety of broad bean may be compromised by holes. This study was performed during 2018-2020 to estimate the effect of seed damage by B. rufimanus on seed quality, germination rate and seedling growth, and on the incidence of seed-borne fungal pathogens. Broad bean seeds were collected and classified as damaged by B. rufimanus or non-damaged. There was a relationship between broad bean weevil damage and an increase in fungal contamination. Results showed that germination decreased from 97.2% for non-damaged seeds to 81.4% for the seeds with B. rufimanus damage. Seven fungal genera were identified: Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Mucor spp. and Botrytis spp. The most common fungal genus was Cladosporium spp. Our research shows that B. rufimanus negatively affects the germination of its host's seeds and decreases the development of seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Almogdad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Protection, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai District, Lithuania
| | - Akvilė Jonavičienė
- Department of Plant Pathology and Protection, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai District, Lithuania
| | - Roma Semaškienė
- Department of Plant Pathology and Protection, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai District, Lithuania
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11
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Concentration of ochratoxin A in coffee products and probabilistic health risk assessment. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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12
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Merhi A, Kordahi R, Hassan HF. A review on the pesticides in coffee: Usage, health effects, detection, and mitigation. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1004570. [PMID: 36424972 PMCID: PMC9681499 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1004570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is considered among the most popular beverages and is classified as the second most exported item worldwide. The presence of pesticides in this staple commodity is a challenge to import and export activities, in addition to the fact that pesticides are toxins of public health concern. Even if pesticides are applied properly and their residues are within the acceptable range, it is important to know the fate of these pesticides prior to their ingestion. A plethora of research has been done to optimize methods and thus to have valid procedures to test for the presence of pesticides in coffee. In this review, the analytical methods used in these articles to detect and quantify the pesticides in coffee beans, roasted coffee, and coffee infusion were identified. This review highlights as well the main factors that play a key role in having good separation, identification, and recovery of pesticide residues in the aforementioned items. In addition, the review explains the effect of pesticides on human health and the mitigation techniques for pesticide exposure.
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13
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Portillo OR. El procesamiento del grano de café. Del tueste a la infusión. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.03.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El café es una de las bebidas más consumidas en el mundo y su popularidad no está basada en su valor nutricional o sus potenciales beneficios a la salud, si no en su sabor placentero y las propiedades estimulantes de la cafeína. Esto es respaldado por las últimas estadísticas publicadas por la Organización Internacional del Café (ICO, por sus siglas en inglés) según la cual aproximadamente 1.4 billones de tazas de café son consumidas diariamente además del hecho de que la taza de consumo global se ha duplicado en los últimos 50 años por causa de la apertura de nuevos mercados.
La amplia aceptación del café está ligada a sus propiedades sensoriales las cuales a su vez están fuertemente influenciadas por una cadena de eventos que inician desde la cosecha y las practicas postcosecha (i.e., fermentación, lavado, secado, tamizado, eliminación de granos defectuosos y almacenamiento), seguidas por el tueste, molido y empacado del producto para su posterior comercialización. No obstante, existen otros factores que también afectan las propiedades organolépticas de la bebida tales como, pero no limitado a: el pH y temperatura del agua, las mezclas realizadas antes o después del tueste, la especie y/o variedad de café, las adulteraciones, la incorporación de aditivos, el método de preparación de la bebida, el tipo de recipiente en el que se sirve la infusión, entre otros.
El presente artículo presenta una breve descripción de los factores que afectan la calidad de la taza relacionados con el procesamiento del grano oro del café. Sin embargo, aunque los factores ya mencionados son tomados en consideración por los catadores, para fines comerciales, la calidad del café está y siempre estará en manos del consumidor. Después de todo la mejor prueba es cuando la persona lo prueba.
Palabras clave: organoléptica, perfil de tueste, endotérmica, exotérmico, ma-croscópica, microscópica, reacción Maillard, caramelización.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ostilio R. Portillo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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14
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Zingales V, Taroncher M, Martino PA, Ruiz MJ, Caloni F. Climate Change and Effects on Molds and Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070445. [PMID: 35878185 PMCID: PMC9319892 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Earth’s climate is undergoing adverse global changes as an unequivocal result of anthropogenic activity. The occurring environmental changes are slowly shaping the balance between plant growth and related fungal diseases. Climate (temperature, available water, and light quality/quantity; as well as extreme drought, desertification, and fluctuations of humid/dry cycles) represents the most important agroecosystem factor influencing the life cycle stages of fungi and their ability to colonize crops, survive, and produce toxins. The ability of mycotoxigenic fungi to respond to Climate Change (CC) may induce a shift in their geographical distribution and in the pattern of mycotoxin occurrence. The present review examines the available evidence on the impact of CC factors on growth and mycotoxin production by the key mycotoxigenic fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium, which include several species producing mycotoxins of the greatest concern worldwide: aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxins, and fumonisins (FUMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zingales
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (V.Z.); (M.T.); (M.-J.R.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Taroncher
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (V.Z.); (M.T.); (M.-J.R.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences-One Health Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (V.Z.); (M.T.); (M.-J.R.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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15
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Roles of company directors and the implications for governing for the emerging impacts of climate risks in the fresh food sector: A review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Maman M, Sangchote S, Piasai O, Leesutthiphonchai W, Sukorini H, Khewkhom N. Storage fungi and ochratoxin A associated with arabica coffee bean in postharvest processes in Northern Thailand. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Neves TTD, Brandão RM, Barbosa RB, Cardoso MDG, Batista LR, Silva CF. Simulation of coffee beans contamination by Aspergillus species under different environmental conditions and the biocontrol effect by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Development of a LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of the Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEA) in Soil Matrix. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070470. [PMID: 34357942 PMCID: PMC8310301 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, toxins of fungal origin, can directly or indirectly contaminate food and feed and are poisonous to livestock and humans. While a large amount is known about their occurrence in crops, food, and feeds, little is known about mycotoxin amounts in soil. However, soil is known as a major fungal habitat and a potential sink for mycotoxins in the environment. Furthermore, there is neither a reliable detection nor an extraction method for mycotoxins testing in different soil textures or for potential deficits due to aging processes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to present a reliable extraction and detection method for the simultaneous quantification of the most common mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA), via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). This method was validated with six different samples with different textures and different soil organic matter (SOM). Deuterated standards were used to overcome possible matrix effects. This extraction method could eliminate potential aging processes. The recovery rate was always >80% for DON and >82% for ZEA. The quantification limits were 1 ng per g soil for DON and 0.5 ng per g soil for ZEA.
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Ouakhssase A, Fatini N, Ait Addi E. A facile extraction method followed by UPLC-MS/MS for the analysis of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in raw coffee beans. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1551-1560. [PMID: 34047680 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1925165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in raw coffee samples. Mycotoxins were extracted using a modified QuEChERS method with little sample preparation excluding clean-up and enrichment procedures. Linearity was demonstrated for the five mycotoxins in the range 0.125-20 µg/kg. This method shows negligible matrix effect for individual concentrations, thus allowing the use of an external standard procedure. Limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.45 to 1 μg/kg. Recoveries between 63% and 89% were achieved. The intra- and inter-day precisions were lower than 15%. The applicability of the method was demonstrated, taking into account fitness for purpose, with simplicity, reliability, low costs and environmental friendliness. The results show that 3 out of 4 samples were contaminated with OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ouakhssase
- Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, Research Group: Génie des Procédés et Ingénierie Chimique, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Fatini
- Département de Contaminants Organiques, Laboratoire Marocain de l'Agriculture (LABOMAG), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Elhabib Ait Addi
- Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, Research Group: Génie des Procédés et Ingénierie Chimique, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
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20
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Brazilian Coffee Production and the Future Microbiome and Mycotoxin Profile Considering the Climate Change Scenario. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040858. [PMID: 33923588 PMCID: PMC8073662 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazil holds a series of favorable climatic conditions for agricultural production including the hours and intensity of sunlight, the availability of agricultural land and water resources, as well as diverse climates, soils and biomes. Amidst such diversity, Brazilian coffee producers have obtained various standards of qualities and aromas, between the arabica and robusta species, which each present a wide variety of lineages. However, temperatures in coffee producing municipalities in Brazil have increased by about 0.25 °C per decade and annual precipitation has decreased. Therefore, the agricultural sector may face serious challenges in the upcoming decades due to crop sensitivity to water shortages and thermal stress. Furthermore, higher temperatures may reduce the quality of the culture and increase pressure from pests and diseases, reducing worldwide agricultural production. The impacts of climate change directly affect the coffee microbiota. Within the climate change scenario, aflatoxins, which are more toxic than OTA, may become dominant, promoting greater food insecurity surrounding coffee production. Thus, closer attention on the part of authorities is fundamental to stimulate replacement of areas that are apt for coffee production, in line with changes in climate zoning, in order to avoid scarcity of coffee in the world market.
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21
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Pereira LL, Júnior DB, de Sousa LHBP, dos Santos Gomes W, Cardoso WS, Guarçoni RC, ten Caten CS. Relationship Between Coffee Processing and Fermentation. FOOD ENGINEERING SERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54437-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Adhikari M, Isaac EL, Paterson RRM, Maslin MA. A Review of Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Coffee Cultivation and Mycotoxigenic Fungi. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1625. [PMID: 33096901 PMCID: PMC7590209 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most traded commodities in the world. It plays a significant role in the global economy, employing over 125 million people. However, it is possible that this vital crop is threatened by changing climate conditions and fungal infections. This paper reviews how suitable areas for coffee cultivation and the toxigenic fungi species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium will be affected due to climate change. By combining climate models with species distribution models, a number of studies have investigated the future distribution of coffee cultivation. Studies predict that suitable coffee cultivation area could drop by ~50% under representation concentration pathway (RCP) 6.0 by 2050 for both Arabica and Robusta. These findings agree with other studies which also see an altitudinal migration of suitable cultivation areas to cooler regions, but limited scope for latitudinal migration owing to coffee's inability to tolerate seasonal temperature changes. Increased temperatures will see an overall increase in mycotoxin production such as aflatoxins, particularly in mycotoxigenic fungi (e.g., Aspergillus flavus) more suited to higher temperatures. Arabica and Robusta's limited ability to relocate means both species will be grown in less suitable climates, increasing plant stress and making coffee more susceptible to fungal infection and mycotoxins. Information regarding climate change parameters with respect to mycotoxin concentrations in real coffee samples is provided and how the changed climate affects mycotoxins in non-coffee systems is discussed. In a few areas where relocating farms is possible, mycotoxin contamination may decrease due to the "parasites lost" phenomenon. More research is needed to include the effect of mycotoxins on coffee under various climate change scenarios, as currently there is a significant knowledge gap, and only generalisations can be made. Future modelling of coffee cultivation, which includes the influence of atmospheric carbon dioxide fertilisation and forest management, is also required; however, all indications show that climate change will have an extremely negative effect on future coffee production worldwide in terms of both a loss of suitable cultivation areas and an increase in mycotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Adhikari
- Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (E.L.I.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Elizabeth L. Isaac
- Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (E.L.I.); (M.A.M.)
| | - R. Russell M. Paterson
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4700-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Mark A. Maslin
- Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (E.L.I.); (M.A.M.)
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23
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Akbar A, Medina A, Magan N. Resilience of Aspergillus westerdijkiae Strains to Interacting Climate-Related Abiotic Factors: Effects on Growth and Ochratoxin A Production on Coffee-Based Medium and in Stored Coffee. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1268. [PMID: 32825420 PMCID: PMC7569885 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the resilience of strains of Aspergillus westerdijkiae in terms of growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) production in relation to: (a) two-way interacting climate-related abiotic factors of water activity (aw, 0.99-0.90) × temperature (25-37 °C) on green coffee and roasted coffee-based media; (b) three-way climate-related abiotic factors (temperature, 30 vs. 35 °C; water stress, 0.98-0.90 aw; CO2, 400 vs. 1000 ppm) on growth and OTA production on a 6% green coffee extract-based matrix; and (c) the effect of three-way climate-related abiotic factors on OTA production in stored green coffee beans. Four strains of A. westerdijkiae grew equally well on green or roasted coffee-based media with optimum 0.98 aw and 25-30 °C. Growth was significantly slower on roasted than green coffee-based media at 35 °C, regardless of aw level. Interestingly, on green coffee-based media OTA production was optimum at 0.98-0.95 aw and 30 °C. However, on roasted coffee-based media very little OTA was produced. Three-way climate-related abiotic factors were examined on two of these strains. These interacting factors significantly reduced growth of the A. westerdijkiae strains, especially at 35 °C × 1000 ppm CO2 and all aw levels when compared to 30 °C. At 35 °C × 1000 ppm CO2 there was some stimulation of OTA production by the two A. westerdijkiae strains, especially under water stress. In stored green coffee beans optimum OTA was produced at 0.95-0.97 aw/30 °C. In elevated CO2 and 35 °C, OTA production was stimulated at 0.95-0.90 aw.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; (A.A.); (A.M.)
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Peter Mshelia L, Selamat J, Iskandar Putra Samsudin N, Rafii MY, Abdul Mutalib NA, Nordin N, Berthiller F. Effect of Temperature, Water Activity and Carbon Dioxide on Fungal Growth and Mycotoxin Production of Acclimatised Isolates of Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080478. [PMID: 32731333 PMCID: PMC7472189 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is primarily manifested by elevated temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and is projected to provide suitable cultivation grounds for pests and pathogens in the otherwise unsuitable regions. The impacts of climate change have been predicted in many parts of the world, which could threaten global food safety and food security. The aim of the present work was therefore to examine the interacting effects of water activity (aw) (0.92, 0.95, 0.98 aw), CO2 (400, 800, 1200 ppm) and temperature (30, 35 °C and 30, 33 °C for Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum, respectively) on fungal growth and mycotoxin production of acclimatised isolates of F. verticillioides and F. graminearum isolated from maize. To determine fungal growth, the colony diameters were measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The mycotoxins produced were quantified using a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF-MS) combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system. For F. verticillioides, the optimum conditions for growth of fumonisin B1 (FB1), and fumonisin B2 (FB2) were 30 °C + 0.98 aw + 400 ppm CO2. These conditions were also optimum for F. graminearum growth, and zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Since 30 °C and 400 ppm CO2 were the baseline treatments, it was hence concluded that the elevated temperature and CO2 levels tested did not seem to significantly impact fungal growth and mycotoxin production of acclimatised Fusarium isolates. To the best of our knowledge thus far, the present work described for the first time the effects of simulated climate change conditions on fungal growth and mycotoxin production of acclimatised isolates of F. verticillioides and F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladi Peter Mshelia
- Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43000 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.P.M.); (N.I.P.S.); (N.-A.A.M.); (N.N.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Borno State 600230, Nigeria
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43000 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.P.M.); (N.I.P.S.); (N.-A.A.M.); (N.N.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43000 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +603-97691146
| | - Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin
- Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43000 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.P.M.); (N.I.P.S.); (N.-A.A.M.); (N.N.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43000 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Y. Rafii
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43000 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43000 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor-Azira Abdul Mutalib
- Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43000 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.P.M.); (N.I.P.S.); (N.-A.A.M.); (N.N.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Borno State 600230, Nigeria
| | - Noordiana Nordin
- Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43000 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.P.M.); (N.I.P.S.); (N.-A.A.M.); (N.N.)
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
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Klingel T, Kremer JI, Gottstein V, Rajcic de Rezende T, Schwarz S, Lachenmeier DW. A Review of Coffee By-Products Including Leaf, Flower, Cherry, Husk, Silver Skin, and Spent Grounds as Novel Foods within the European Union. Foods 2020; 9:E665. [PMID: 32455549 PMCID: PMC7278860 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coffee plant Coffea spp. offers much more than the well-known drink made from the roasted coffee bean. During its cultivation and production, a wide variety of by-products are accrued, most of which are currently unused, thermally recycled, or used as animal feed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of novel coffee products in the food sector and their current legal classification in the European Union (EU). For this purpose, we have reviewed the literature on the composition and safety of coffee flowers, leaves, pulp, husk, parchment, green coffee, silver skin, and spent coffee grounds. Some of these products have a history of consumption in Europe (green coffee), while others have already been used as traditional food in non-EU-member countries (coffee leaves, notification currently pending), or an application for authorization as novel food has already been submitted (husks, flour from spent coffee grounds). For the other products, toxicity and/or safety data appear to be lacking, necessitating further studies to fulfill the requirements of novel food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tizian Klingel
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.K.); (J.I.K.); (V.G.); (T.R.d.R.)
| | - Jonathan I. Kremer
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.K.); (J.I.K.); (V.G.); (T.R.d.R.)
| | - Vera Gottstein
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.K.); (J.I.K.); (V.G.); (T.R.d.R.)
| | - Tabata Rajcic de Rezende
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.K.); (J.I.K.); (V.G.); (T.R.d.R.)
| | - Steffen Schwarz
- Coffee Consulate, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Dirk W. Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.K.); (J.I.K.); (V.G.); (T.R.d.R.)
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27
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Jonatova P, Dzuman Z, Prusova N, Hajslova J, Stranska-Zachariasova M. Occurrence of ochratoxin A and its stereoisomeric degradation product in various types of coffee available in the Czech market. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) belongs among the most frequently occurring mycotoxins in coffee. In order to investigate its contamination levels in products currently available in the market, a broad set of coffee samples (103 in total) collected between 2016 and 2018 in the Czech Republic was investigated. Aqueous-methanolic extracts purified by using immunoaffinity columns were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (U-HPLC-MS/MS). The undertaken study revealed a relatively low OTA contamination of roasted coffee (in the range 0.2-2.5 μg/kg with the mean concentration of 0.6 μg/kg, and 71% of positive samples). The roasted coffee samples did not exceed the maximum limit of 5 μg/kg set by 1881/2006/EC. With regard to instant coffee samples, OTA concentrations were considerably higher. All the samples were positive, with a mean concentration of 2.9 μg/kg (ranging from 0.6 to 12.8 μg/kg, with 100% of positive samples). One of the analysed samples of instant coffee even exceeded the maximum limit of 10 μg/kg (1881/2006/EC). The study further revealed a relatively high incidence of 14-(R)-OTA, stereoisomer of OTA (14-(S)-OTA), originating as its main degradation product. Its identity was confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS). Most of the samples positive for OTA were also positive for this diastereoisomer, with signal intensities of approx. one-third to one half of the signal of 14-(S)-OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Jonatova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z. Dzuman
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N. Prusova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Hajslova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
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Khaneghah AM, Fakhri Y, Abdi L, Coppa CFSC, Franco LT, de Oliveira CAF. The concentration and prevalence of ochratoxin A in coffee and coffee-based products: A global systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:611-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Taniwaki MH, Pitt JI, Copetti MV, Teixeira AA, Iamanaka BT. Understanding Mycotoxin Contamination Across the Food Chain in Brazil: Challenges and Opportunities. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E411. [PMID: 31311158 PMCID: PMC6669623 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is one of the largest food producers and exporters in the world. In the late 20th century, the European Union program for the harmonization of regulations for contaminants in food, including mycotoxins, led to the examination of mycotoxin contamination in foods at a global level. The problem of the rejection of food by the European Union and other countries became a Brazilian national priority because of economic and food safety aspects. Ochratoxin A in coffee and cocoa and aflatoxins in Brazil nuts are examples of the impact of technical trade barriers on Brazilian foods. To overcome these threats, several strategies were undertaken by Brazilian and international organizations. In this context, the Codex Commission on Food Contaminants (CCCF) has emerged as a forum to discuss with more transparency issues related to mycotoxins, focusing on establishing maximum levels and codes of practices for some commodities and mycotoxins to ensure fair trade and food safety. Our experience in investigating and understanding mycotoxin contamination across the food chains in Brazil has contributed nationally and internationally to providing some answers to these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta H Taniwaki
- Food Technology Institute, ITAL, C.P. 139, Campinas - SP, CEP 13078-170, Brazil.
| | - John I Pitt
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box 52, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
| | - Marina V Copetti
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CEP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Aldir A Teixeira
- Experimental Agrícola do Brasil Ltda, São Paulo - SP, CEP 04105-001, Brazil
| | - Beatriz T Iamanaka
- Food Technology Institute, ITAL, C.P. 139, Campinas - SP, CEP 13078-170, Brazil
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Post-Harvest Contamination with Mycotoxins in the Context of the Geographic and Agroclimatic Conditions in Romania. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10120533. [PMID: 30551567 PMCID: PMC6316900 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess post-harvest contamination with mycotoxins in the context of the geographic and agroclimatic conditions in Romania in 2012–2015, a period that was characterized by extreme meteorological events and the effects of climate change. The samples were randomly sampled from five agricultural regions of Romania and analyzed for mycotoxins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An SPSS analysis was done to explore correlations between mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol—DON, aflatoxins—AF, ochratoxin A—OTA, zearalenone—ZEA), product types (raw cereal, processed cereal, cereal-based food), geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude, agricultural region), and agroclimatic factors (air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture reserve, aridity index, soil type). In the southeast part of the Southern Plain and Dobrogea (Baragan Plain, located at 44–45° N, 26–27° E), contamination with AF and OTA was higher in raw and processed cereals (maize in silo, silo corn germs) in the dry years (2012 and 2013), and contamination with DON was high in processed cereals (wheat flour type 450) in the rainy year (2014). DON and OTA contamination were significantly correlated with cumulative precipitation in all years, while AF and ZEA contamination were non-significantly correlated with climatic factors and aridity indices. The distribution of mycotoxins by product type and the non-robust correlations between post-harvest mycotoxins and agrometeorological factors could be explained by the use of quality management systems that control cereal at warehouse receptions, performant processing technologies, and the quality of storage spaces of agri-food companies. The Baragan Plain is Romania’s most sensitive area to the predicted climate change in southeast Europe, which may be associated with its increased cereal contamination with AF and OTA.
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Rehmat Z, Mohammed WS, Sadiq MB, Somarapalli M, Kumar Anal A. Ochratoxin A detection in coffee by competitive inhibition assay using chitosan-based surface plasmon resonance compact system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 174:569-574. [PMID: 30502668 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the evaluation of ochratoxin A (OTA) in coffee on compact surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors based on crosslinked chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan nanomatrix substrates. Ochratoxin A is a toxic secondary metabolite widely produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi and requires regular quantification and detection in food samples. The gold coated SPR chips were synthesized with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan through spin coating technique. The SPR nanomatrix chips were used for the immobilization of ochratoxin A-bovine serum albumin (OTA-BSA) conjugate to develop a competitive inhibition immunoassay. The monoclonal ochratoxin A antibodies (mAb-OTA) were used as biological receptors for the detection of OTA in buffer and coffee samples. The limit of detection (LOD) in coffee for chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) substrates was 5.7 ng/mL and 3.8 ng/mL, respectively. Compact surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system based on chitosan-based (CS-AU) nanomatrix substrates provides a platform for the detection of ochratoxin A with high sensitivity, accuracy, ease-of-use and cost-effectiveness. This compact SPR system can be used at farm and industrial levels for the detection of OTA in food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainia Rehmat
- Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology, Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Waleed S Mohammed
- Center of Research in Optoelectronics, Communication and Control Systems (BU-CROCCS), Bangkok University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Bilal Sadiq
- Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology, Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Manjunath Somarapalli
- Center of Research in Optoelectronics, Communication and Control Systems (BU-CROCCS), Bangkok University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Anil Kumar Anal
- Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology, Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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Durand N, Fontana A, Meile JC, Suàrez-Quiroz ML, Schorr-Galindo S, Montet D. Differentiation and quantification of the ochratoxin A producers Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus westerdijkiae using PCR-DGGE. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 59:158-165. [PMID: 30240041 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic, teratogenic, immunotoxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxin which is produced in tropical zones mainly by Aspergillus carbonarius, A. niger, A. ochraceus, and A. westerdijkiae. A. ochraceus and A. westerdijkiae species are phenotypically and genomically very close but A. westerdijkiae produce OTA at a very higher level than A. ochraceus. These species have been differentiated recently. The DNA primer pairs which were drawn so far are not specific and a genomic region of the same size is amplified for both species or they are too specific, and in this case, the DNA of a single species is amplified. To help preventing OTA contamination of foodstuffs, the PCR-DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) method was used to discriminate between A. ochraceus and A. westerdijkiae DNA fragments of the same size but with different sequences and thus faster access to a diagnosis of the toxigenic potential of the fungal microflora. The proposed methodology was able to differentiate A. westerdijkiae from A. ochraceus with only one primer pairs in a single run. A calibration based on initial DNA content was obtained from image analysis of the DGGE gels and a method of quantification of the two strains was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noël Durand
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique Fontana
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Meile
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sabine Schorr-Galindo
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Montet
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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Martins VDC, Godoy RLDO, Gouvêa ACMS, Santiago MCPDA, Borguini RG, Braga ECDO, Pacheco S, Nascimento LDSDMD. Fraud investigation in commercial coffee by chromatography. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor de Carvalho Martins
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica-RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Ronoel Luiz de Oliveira Godoy
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica-RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Galhardo Borguini
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina de Oliveira Braga
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Sidney Pacheco
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
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Reichert B, de Kok A, Pizzutti IR, Scholten J, Cardoso CD, Spanjer M. Simultaneous determination of 117 pesticides and 30 mycotoxins in raw coffee, without clean-up, by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1004:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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von Hertwig AM, Sant'Ana AS, Sartori D, da Silva JJ, Nascimento MS, Iamanaka BT, Pelegrinelli Fungaro MH, Taniwaki MH. Real-time PCR-based method for rapid detection of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus welwitschiae isolated from coffee. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 148:87-92. [PMID: 29580982 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some species from Aspergillus section Nigri are morphologically very similar and altogether have been called A. niger aggregate. Although the species included in this group are morphologically very similar, they differ in their ability to produce mycotoxins and other metabolites and their taxonomical status has evolved continuously. Among them, A. niger and A. welwitschiae are ochratoxin A and fumonisin B2 producers and their detection and/or identification is of crucial importance for food safety. The aim of this study was the development of a real-time PCR-based method for simultaneous discrimination of A. niger and A. welwitschiae from other species of the A. niger aggregate isolated from coffee beans. One primer pair and a hybridization probe specific for detection of A. niger and A. welwitschiae strains were designed based on the BenA gene sequences, and used in a Real-time PCR assay for the rapid discrimination between both these species from all others of the A. niger aggregate. The Real-time PCR assay was shown to be 100% efficient in discriminating the 73 isolates of A. niger/A. welwitschiae from the other A. niger aggregate species analyzed as a negative control. This result testifies to the use of this technique as a good tool in the rapid detection of these important toxigenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Morgan von Hertwig
- Food Technology Institute - ITAL, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maristela S Nascimento
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Paterson RRM, Venâncio A, Lima N, Guilloux-Bénatier M, Rousseaux S. Predominant mycotoxins, mycotoxigenic fungi and climate change related to wine. Food Res Int 2017; 103:478-491. [PMID: 29389638 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wine is a significant contributor to the economies of many countries. However, the commodity can become contaminated with mycotoxins produced by certain fungi. Most information on mycotoxins in wine is from Spain, Italy and France. Grapes can be infected by mycotoxigenic fungi, of which Aspergillus carbonarius producing ochratoxin A (OTA) is of highest concern. Climate is the most important factor in determining contamination once the fungi are established, with high temperatures being a major factor for OTA contamination: OTA in wine is at higher concentrations in warmer southern Europe than northern. Contamination by fumonisins is a particular concern, related to Aspergillus niger producing these compounds and the fungus being isolated frequently from grapes. Aflatoxins can be present in wine, but patulin is seldom detected. Alternaria mycotoxins (e.g. alternariol) have been frequently observed. There are indications that T-2 toxin may be common. Also, the combined effects of mycotoxins in wine require consideration. No other mycotoxins are currently of concern. Accurate fungal identifications and mycotoxin detection from the fungi are important and a consideration of practical methods are required. There is a diversity of wines that can be contaminated (e.g. red, white, sweet, dry and fortified). The occurrence of OTA is higher in red and sweet than white wines. Steps to control mycotoxins in wine involve good agriculture practices. The effect of climate change on vines and mycotoxins in wine needs urgent consideration by well-constructed modelling studies and expert interpretation of existing data. Reliable models of the effect of climate change on vines is a priority: the health of vines affects mycotoxin contamination. A modelling study of OTA in grapes at higher temperatures over 100years is required. Progress has been made in reducing OTA in wine. The other mycotoxins require consideration and the effects of climate change will become crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Russell M Paterson
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Armando Venâncio
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nelson Lima
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Sandrine Rousseaux
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Jeszka-Skowron M, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Waśkiewicz A, Stępień Ł, Stanisz E. Positive and negative aspects of green coffee consumption - antioxidant activity versus mycotoxins. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4022-4028. [PMID: 28195330 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of coffee depends not only on the contents of healthy compounds but also on its contamination with microorganisms that can produce mycotoxins during development, harvesting, preparation, transport and storage. RESULTS The antioxidant activity of green coffee brews measured in this study by ABTS, DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu assays showed that coffee extracts from Robusta beans possessed higher activity in all assays than extracts from Arabica beans. The occurrence of ochratoxin A and aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in green coffee beans was studied using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Apart from mycotoxins, the content of ergosterol as a marker indicating fungal occurrence was also determined. Among aflatoxins, aflatoxin B1 was the dominant mycotoxin in coffee bean samples, with the highest level at 17.45 ng g-1 . Ochratoxin A was detected in four samples at levels ranging from 1.27 to 4.34 ng g-1 , and fungi potentially producing this toxin, namely Aspergillus oryzae, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus foetidus, Aspergillus tamarii and Penicillium citrinum, were isolated. CONCLUSION Steaming and decaffeination of coffee beans increased antioxidant activities of brews in comparison with those prepared from unprocessed beans. Although toxins can be quantified in green coffee beans and novel fungi were isolated, their concentrations are acceptable according to legal limits. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jeszka-Skowron
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - Łukasz Stępień
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Stanisz
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
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Filamentous Fungal Human Pathogens from Food Emphasising Aspergillus, Fusarium and Mucor. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5030044. [PMID: 28767050 PMCID: PMC5620635 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease caused by filamentous fungal human pathogens (FFHP) is increasing. These organisms cause severe mycoses in immunosuppressed individuals, such as those: (a) with AIDS; (b) having undergone transplantation; and/or (c) undergoing chemotherapy. Immunocompetent people can become infected. Some FFHP are isolated from foods which may be fomites. However, the information concerning particular species on specific food is large, dispersed and difficult to obtain. Reports of filamentous fungi from food/crops and causing human disease are frequently only available in the literature of food mycology/plant pathology and medical mycology, respectively: it is seldom cross-referenced. Aspergillus contains some species with strains that are the most dangerous FFHP, with Aspergillus fumigatus causing the most serious diseases. Fusarium and Mucor also contain species of high importance and approximately 15 other genera are involved. A checklist and database of FFHP species isolated from food is presented herein with emphasis on Aspergillus, Fusarium and Mucor in summary tables to increase awareness of the connection between food and FFHP. Metadata on all FFHP is provided in a large supplementary table for updating and revision when necessary. Previous names of fungi have been revised to reflect current valid usage whenever appropriate. The information will form a foundation for future research and taxonomic revisions in the field. The paper will be highly useful for medical practitioners, food mycologists, fungal taxonomists, patients, regulators and food producers interested in reducing infectious diseases and producing high quality food.
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Taradolsirithitikul P, Sirisomboon P, Dachoupakan Sirisomboon C. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of ochratoxin A contamination in green coffee beans using Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1260-1266. [PMID: 27324609 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination is highly prevalent in a variety of agricultural products including the commercially important coffee bean. As such, rapid and accurate detection methods are considered necessary for the identification of OTA in green coffee beans. The goal of this research was to apply Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy to detect and classify OTA contamination in green coffee beans in both a quantitative and qualitative manner. RESULTS PLSR models were generated using pretreated spectroscopic data to predict the OTA concentration. The best model displayed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.814, a standard error of prediction (SEP and bias of 1.965 µg kg-1 and 0.358 µg kg-1 , respectively. Additionally, a PLS-DA model was also generated, displaying a classification accuracy of 96.83% for a non-OTA contaminated model and 80.95% for an OTA contaminated model, with an overall classification accuracy of 88.89%. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that the developed model could be used for detecting OTA contamination in green coffee beans in either a quantitative or qualitative manner. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panmanas Sirisomboon
- Curriculum of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
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Thermophilic Fungi to Dominate Aflatoxigenic/Mycotoxigenic Fungi on Food under Global Warming. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14020199. [PMID: 28218685 PMCID: PMC5334753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Certain filamentous fungi produce mycotoxins that contaminate food. Mycotoxin contamination of crops is highly influenced by environmental conditions and is already affected by global warming, where there is a succession of mycotoxigenic fungi towards those that have higher optimal growth temperatures. Aflatoxigenic fungi are at the highest limit of temperature although predicted increases in temperature are beyond that constraint. The present paper discusses what will succeed these fungi and represents the first such consideration. Aflatoxins are the most important mycotoxins and are common in tropical produce, much of which is exported to temperate regions. Hot countries may produce safer food under climate change because aflatoxigenic fungi will be inhibited. The same situation will occur in previously temperate regions where these fungi have recently appeared, although decades later. Existing thermotolerant and thermophilic fungi (TTF) will dominate, in contrast to the conventional mycotoxigenic fungi adapting or mutating, as it will be quicker. TTF produce a range of secondary metabolites, or potential mycotoxins and patulin which may become a new threat. In addition, Aspergillus fumigatus will appear more frequently, a serious human pathogen, because it is (a) thermotolerant and (b) present on crops: hence this is an even greater problem. An incubation temperature of 41 °C needs employing forthwith to detect TTF. Finally, TTF in crops requires study because of the potential for diseases in humans and animals under climate change.
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Udomkun P, Wiredu AN, Nagle M, Bandyopadhyay R, Müller J, Vanlauwe B. Mycotoxins in Sub-Saharan Africa: Present situation, socio-economic impact, awareness, and outlook. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Akbar A, Medina A, Magan N. Impact of interacting climate change factors on growth and ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus section Circumdati and Nigri species on coffee. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2016.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of interacting climate change (CC) factors (water stress [water activity, aw; 0.99-0.90]); temperature [30, 35 °C]; and elevated CO2 [400 and 1000 ppm] on (1) lag phases prior to growth, (2) growth and (3) ochratoxin A (OTA) production by species of Aspergillus sections Circumdati and Nigri on coffee-based media and stored coffee beans. The lag phases, prior to growth, of all strains/species were slightly increased as aw, temperature and CO2 were modified. The interacting CC factors showed that most strains/species examined grew well at 30 °C and slightly less so at 35 °C except for Aspergillus niger (A 1911) which could tolerate the higher temperature. In addition, the interaction of elevated CO2 (1000 ppm) + temperature (35 °C) increased OTA production when compared with 30 °C but only for strains of Aspergillus westerdijkiae (B2), Aspergillus ochraceus (ITAL 14) and Aspergillus steynii (CBS 112814). Most of the strains had optimum growth at 0.95 aw at 35 °C, while at 30 °C the optimum was at 0.98 aw. On stored coffee beans there was only a significant stimulation of OTA production by A. westerdijkiae strains in elevated CO2 (1000) at 0.90 aw. These results suggest differential effects of CC factors on OTA production by species in the Sections Circumdati and Nigri in stored coffee and that for most species there is a reduction in toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Akbar
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 AL5, United Kingdom
| | - A. Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 AL5, United Kingdom
| | - N. Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 AL5, United Kingdom
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Van der Fels-Klerx H, Liu C, Battilani P. Modelling climate change impacts on mycotoxin contamination. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2016.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Projected climate change effects will influence primary agricultural systems and thus food security, directly via impacts on yields, and indirectly via impacts on its safety, with mycotoxins considered as crucial hazards. Mycotoxins are produced by a wide variety of fungal species, each having their own characteristics and requirements. The geographic distribution of toxigenic fungi reflects their ecological needs, with thermophilic fungi prevalent at lower latitudes and psychrophiles at the higher latitudes. A resulting gradient of mycotoxin contamination has been repeatedly stressed. Changes in climatic conditions will lead to shifts in the fungal population and the mycotoxin patterns. In general, climate change is expected to increase mycotoxin contamination of crops, but due to the complexity of mycoflora associated to each crop and its interaction with the environment, it appears rash to draw conclusions without specific studies. Very recently first quantitative estimations of impacts of climate change on mycotoxin occurrence have been made. Two studies each applied models of different disciplines including climate projection, crop phenology and fungal/mycotoxin prediction to cereals cultivated in Europe. They were followed by a case study on climate change effects on Alternaria moulds and their mycotoxins in tomato. Results showed that DON contamination of wheat grown in Europe was, in general, expected to increase. However, variation was large, and in some years and some regions a decrease in DON contamination was expected. Regarding aflatoxin contamination of maize grown in Europe, an increase was estimated, mainly in the +2 °C scenario. Two main research gaps were identified related to the (limited) number of existing quantitative models taking into account climate change and their validation in limited areas. Efforts are therefore mandatory to be prepared for future changes and challenges on model validation and limited mycotoxin-crop combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.J. Van der Fels-Klerx
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C. Liu
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - P. Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Geremew T, Abate D, Landschoot S, Haesaert G, Audenaert K. Occurrence of toxigenic fungi and ochratoxin A in Ethiopian coffee for local consumption. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Poltronieri P, Rossi F. Challenges in Specialty Coffee Processing and Quality Assurance. CHALLENGES 2016; 7:19. [DOI: 10.3390/challe7020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Wongworapat K, Tu Ho MH, Soontornjanagit M, Kawamura O. Occurrence of ochratoxin A and ochratoxin B in commercial coffee in Vietnam and Thailand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2520/myco.66.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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García-Moraleja A, Font G, Mañes J, Ferrer E. Analysis of mycotoxins in coffee and risk assessment in Spanish adolescents and adults. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:225-33. [PMID: 26514696 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungal secondary metabolism that cause toxicological effects. Coffee is a highly popular beverage that is susceptible to contamination by mycotoxigenic fungi. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of the following 21 mycotoxins in coffee using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS-IT): aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2; ochratoxin A; nivalenol; deoxynivalenol; 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; diacetoxyscirpenol; neosolaniol; T-2 and HT-2 toxin; sterigmatocystin; enniatin A, A1, B, and B1; beauvericin; and fumonisin B1 and B2. We aimed to determine differences by coffee process (coffee maker, electrical machine, soluble and traditional Turkish process) and to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI) and risk assessment of mycotoxins from coffee consumption using deterministic approach at various scenarios of food consumption in Spanish adolescents and adults. The results demonstrate that all studied mycotoxins were detected in samples with mean concentrations ranging from 0.69 µg/kg to 282.89 µg/kg. Eleven percent of samples did not show contamination with legislated mycotoxins. Only 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol, neosolaniol, fumonisin B1, and ochratoxin A exhibited significant differences between methods of coffee brewing. The results show that coffee intake does not represent a potential risk for consumers with respect to individual mycotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Moraleja
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - G Font
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - J Mañes
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - E Ferrer
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Malir F, Ostry V, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Toman J, Bazin I, Roubal T. Transfer of ochratoxin A into tea and coffee beverages. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:3438-53. [PMID: 25525684 PMCID: PMC4280543 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6123438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, reprotoxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic (group 2B), being characterized by species and sex differences in sensitivity. Despite the fact that OTA is in some aspects a controversial topic, OTA is the most powerful renal carcinogen. The aim of this study was to make a small survey concerning OTA content in black tea, fruit tea, and ground roasted coffee, and to assess OTA transfer into beverages. OTA content was measured using a validated and accredited HPLC-FLD method with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.35 ng/g. The OTA amount ranged from LOQ up to 250 ng/g in black tea and up to 104 ng/g in fruit tea. Black tea and fruit tea, naturally contaminated, were used to prepare tea infusions. The transfer from black tea to the infusion was 34.8% ± 1.3% and from fruit tea 4.1% ± 0.2%. Ground roasted coffee naturally contaminated at 0.92 ng/g was used to prepare seven kinds of coffee beverages. Depending on the type of process used, OTA transfer into coffee ranged from 22.3% to 66.1%. OTA intakes from fruit and black tea or coffee represent a non-negligible human source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Malir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Ostry
- National Reference Center for Microfungi and Mycotoxins in Food Chains, Center of Health, Nutrition and Food in Brno, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz
- Department Bioprocess & Microbial Systems, Laboratory Chemical Engineering, INP/ENSA Toulouse, University of Toulouse, UMR 5503 CNRS/INPT/UPS, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
| | - Jakub Toman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ingrid Bazin
- Ecole des mines d'Ales, 6 av de Clavieres, 30100 Ales Cedex, France.
| | - Tomas Roubal
- National Reference Laboratory for Biomarkers of Mycotoxins and Mycotoxins in Food, Institute of Public Health in Usti nad Labem, Regional Branch Hradec Kralove, 50002 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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