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Hu A, Li R, Chen G, Chen S. Impact of Respiratory Dust on Health: A Comparison Based on the Toxicity of PM2.5, Silica, and Nanosilica. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7654. [PMID: 39062897 PMCID: PMC11277548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory dust of different particle sizes in the environment causes diverse health effects when entering the human body and makes acute or chronic damage through multiple systems and organs. However, the precise toxic effects and potential mechanisms induced by dust of different particle sizes have not been systematically summarized. In this study, we described the sources and characteristics of three different particle sizes of dust: PM2.5 (<2.5 μm), silica (<5 μm), and nanosilica (<100 nm). Based on their respective characteristics, we further explored the main toxicity induced by silica, PM2.5, and nanosilica in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we evaluated the health implications of respiratory dust on the human body, and especially proposed potential synergistic effects, considering current studies. In summary, this review summarized the health hazards and toxic mechanisms associated with respiratory dust of different particle sizes. It could provide new insights for investigating the synergistic effects of co-exposure to respiratory dust of different particle sizes in mixed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China; (A.H.); (R.L.); (G.C.)
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2
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Yi JF, Lin ZZ, Li X, Zhou YQ, Guo Y. A short review on environmental distribution and toxicity of the environmentally persistent free radicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139922. [PMID: 37611755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs) are usually generated by the electron transfer of a certain radical precursor on the surface of a carrier. They are characterized with high activity, wide migration range, and relatively long half-life period. In this review, we summarized the literature on EPFRs published since 2010, including their environmental occurrence and potential cytotoxicity and biotoxicity. The EPFRs in the atmosphere are the most abundant in the environment, mainly generated from the combustion of raw materials or biochar, and the C-center types (quinones, semiquinones radicals, etc.) may exist for a relatively long time. These EPFRs can transform into other substances (such as reactive oxygen species, ROS) under the influence of environmental factors, and partly enter soil and water by wet and dry deposition of particulate matter, which may promote the generation of EPFRs in those media. The wide distribution of EPFRs in the environment may lead to their exposure to biota including humans, resulting in cytotoxicity and biotoxicity. The EPFRs can influence the normal redox process of the biota, and generate a large number of free radicals like ROS. Exposure to EPFRs may change the expression of gene and activity of metabolic enzymes, and damage the cells, as well as some organs such as the lung, trachea, and heart. However, due to the difficulty in sample extraction, identification, and quantification of the specific EPFR individuals, the toxicity and exposure evaluation of biota are still limited which merits study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Feng Yi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Ze-Zhao Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yue-Qiao Zhou
- Department of Department of Medical Oncology, Qionghai People's Hospital, Qionghai, 571499, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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3
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Bardi G, Boselli L, Pompa PP. Anti-inflammatory potential of platinum nanozymes: mechanisms and perspectives. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14284-14300. [PMID: 37584343 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03016d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex process of the body in response to pathogen infections or dysregulated metabolism, involving the recruitment and activation of immune system components. Repeated dangerous stimuli or uncontrolled immune effector mechanisms can result in tissue injury. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play key roles in physiological cell signaling as well as in the destruction of internalized pathogens. However, aberrant ROS production and release have deleterious effects on the surrounding environment, making ROS regulation a priority to reduce inflammation. Most of the current anti-inflammatory therapies rely on drugs that impair the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Nevertheless, increasing the enzymatic activity to reduce ROS levels could be an alternative or complementary therapeutic approach to decrease inflammation. Nanozymes are nanomaterials with high catalytic activity that mimic natural enzymes, allowing biochemical reactions to take place. Such functional particles typically show different and regenerable oxidation states or catalytically reactive surfaces offering long-term activity and stability. In this scenario, platinum-based nanozymes (PtNZs) exhibit broad and efficient catalytic functionalities and can reduce inflammation mainly through ROS scavenging, e.g. by catalase and superoxide dismutase reactions. Dose-dependent biocompatibility and immune compatibility of PtNZs have been shown in different cells and tissues, both in vitro and in vivo. Size/shape/surface engineering of the nanozymes could also potentiate their efficacy to act at different sites and/or steps of the inflammation process, such as cytokine removal or specific targeting of activated leukocytes. In the present review, we analyze key inflammation triggering processes and the effects of platinum nanozymes under exemplificative inflammatory conditions. We further discuss potential platinum nanozyme design and improvements to modulate and expand their anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bardi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Luca Boselli
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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4
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Maisha JA, El-Gabalawy HS, O’Neil LJ. Modifiable risk factors linked to the development of rheumatoid arthritis: evidence, immunological mechanisms and prevention. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221125. [PMID: 37767100 PMCID: PMC10520718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that targets the synovial joints leading to arthritis. Although the etiology of RA remains largely unknown, it is clear that numerous modifiable risk factors confer increased risk to developing RA. Of these risk factors, cigarette smoking, nutrition, obesity, occupational exposures and periodontal disease all incrementally increase RA risk. However, the precise immunological mechanisms by which these risk factors lead to RA are not well understood. Basic and translational studies have provided key insights into the relationship between inflammation, antibody production and the influence in other key cellular events such as T cell polarization in RA risk. Improving our general understanding of the mechanisms which lead to RA will help identify targets for prevention trials, which are underway in at-risk populations. Herein, we review the modifiable risk factors that are linked to RA development and describe immune mechanisms that may be involved. We highlight the few studies that have sought to understand if modification of these risk factors reduces RA risk. Finally, we speculate that modification of risk factors may be an appealing avenue for prevention for some at-risk individuals, specifically those who prefer lifestyle interventions due to safety and economic reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liam J. O’Neil
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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5
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Wang C, Zeng F, Xu C, Xu Q. Anomalous Enrichment of As and Hg in Underground Coal Dust: A Case from Xishan Coalfield, Shanxi Province, North China. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13884-13898. [PMID: 37091386 PMCID: PMC10116509 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Coal dust is an important source of coal workers' pneumoconiosis, which is harmful to the health of underground workers. The coal dust samples were directly collected using a coal dust sampler from four major production positions in the underground coal mine. The particle size distribution, mineralogy, and occurrence of As and Hg in the coal dust samples were investigated. The results indicated that the contents of As and Hg were depleted or normal in the parent coal samples compared with the average values of C-P coal in North China and Chinese coal, but they were anomalously enriched in coal dusts. The concentrations of As and Hg in the coal dust samples studied are greater than the values of the elements in the parent coal. The As content in the coal dust samples studied is about one to three orders of magnitude above the parent coal value and the Hg content in the studied coal is 1.28 to 20.28 times higher than the parent coal value. The modes of occurrences of As and Hg were studied by sequential chemical extraction in combination with field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy-EDS (HRTEM-EDS). The occurrence of As is dominated mainly by pyrite and secondarily by carbonate and silicate in the coal dust samples. Pyritic Hg and organic Hg may be the dominant forms in mining face and heading face samples, and carbonate and pyritic Hg are the main forms in rocks roadway and return airway samples. It is considered that the mechanochemical effect resulted in the formation of surface active sites and modification of the morphology. Harmful trace elements, such as As, Cd, Hg, Se, Pb, Co, Sb, and Tl, and minor grains associated with nanominerals that bear much hazardous elements, could easily be originally fractionated or adsorbed by airborne particulates. This research aims to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of occupational disease and underground environmental evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuange Wang
- Department
of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan
University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi
Key Laboratory of Coal and Coal-measure Gas Geology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Fangui Zeng
- Department
of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan
University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi
Key Laboratory of Coal and Coal-measure Gas Geology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Chengxiang Xu
- Department
of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan
University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi
Key Laboratory of Coal and Coal-measure Gas Geology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Qiuyue Xu
- Department
of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan
University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi
Key Laboratory of Coal and Coal-measure Gas Geology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Story M, Yeshitla S, Wang X, Scully RR, Theriot C, Wu H, Ryder VE, Lam CW. Persistent changes in expression of genes involved in inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs of rats exposed to airborne lunar dust. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:139-156. [PMID: 36966416 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2172485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
NASA is currently planning return missions to the Moon for further exploration and research. The Moon is covered by a layer of potentially reactive fine dust, which could pose a toxicological risk of exposure to explorers. To assess this risk, we exposed rats to lunar dust (LD) that was collected during the Apollo14 mission. Rats were exposed to respirable sizes of LD at concentrations of 0, 2.1, 6.8, 20.8, or 60.6 mg/m3 for 4 weeks. One day, and one, four, and thirteen weeks after exposure, we assessed 44,000 gene transcripts and found the expression of 614 genes with known functions were significantly altered in the rats exposed to the 2 higher concentrations of LD, whereas few changes in gene expression were detected in the group exposed to the lowest concentration of LD. Many of the significant changes in gene expression involved genes known to be associated with inflammation or fibrosis. Four genes encoding pro-inflammatory chemokines were analyzed further using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of these genes was altered in a dose- and time-dependent manner and persistently changed in the lungs of the rats exposed to the two higher concentrations of LD. Their expressions are consistent with changes we detected in pulmonary toxicity biomarkers and pathology in these animals during a previous study. Because Apollo-14 LD contains common mineral oxides similar to an Arizona volcanic ash, besides revealing the toxicity of LD, our findings could help elucidate the genomic and molecular mechanisms involved in pulmonary toxicity induced by terrestrial mineral dusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, Houston, TX, USA
- NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, FL, USA
| | - Michael Story
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samrawit Yeshitla
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert R Scully
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Corey Theriot
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Honglu Wu
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie E Ryder
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chiu-Wing Lam
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, Houston, TX, USA
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Motta G, Gualtieri M, Saibene M, Bengalli R, Brigliadori A, Carrière M, Mantecca P. Preliminary Toxicological Analysis in a Safe-by-Design and Adverse Outcome Pathway-Driven Approach on Different Silver Nanoparticles: Assessment of Acute Responses in A549 Cells. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11020195. [PMID: 36851069 PMCID: PMC9965967 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are among the most widely used metal-based nanomaterials (NMs) and their applications in different products, also as antibacterial additives, are increasing. In the present manuscript, according to an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) approach, we tested two safe-by-design (SbD) newly developed Ag NPs coated with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), namely AgHEC powder and AgHEC solution. These novel Ag NPs were compared to two reference Ag NPs (naked and coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone-PVP). Cell viability, inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species, oxidative DNA damage, cell cycle, and cell-particle interactions were analyzed in the alveolar in vitro model, A549 cells. The results show a different toxicity pattern of the novel Ag NPs compared to reference NPs and that between the two novel NPs, the AgHEC solution is the one with the lower toxicity and to be further developed within the SbD framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Motta
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Research Centre POLARIS, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gualtieri
- Research Centre POLARIS, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-026-448-2110
| | - Melissa Saibene
- Research Centre POLARIS, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Bengalli
- Research Centre POLARIS, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Brigliadori
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (CNR-ISSMC former CNR-ISTEC), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Marie Carrière
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, CIBEST, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Paride Mantecca
- Research Centre POLARIS, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
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8
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Millar MW, Fazal F, Rahman A. Therapeutic Targeting of NF-κB in Acute Lung Injury: A Double-Edged Sword. Cells 2022; 11:3317. [PMID: 36291185 PMCID: PMC9601210 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a devastating disease that can be caused by a variety of conditions including pneumonia, sepsis, trauma, and most recently, COVID-19. Although our understanding of the mechanisms of ALI/ARDS pathogenesis and resolution has considerably increased in recent years, the mortality rate remains unacceptably high (~40%), primarily due to the lack of effective therapies for ALI/ARDS. Dysregulated inflammation, as characterized by massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the airspace and the associated damage of the capillary-alveolar barrier leading to pulmonary edema and hypoxemia, is a major hallmark of ALI/ARDS. Endothelial cells (ECs), the inner lining of blood vessels, are important cellular orchestrators of PMN infiltration in the lung. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) plays an essential role in rendering the endothelium permissive for PMN adhesion and transmigration to reach the inflammatory site. Thus, targeting NF-κB in the endothelium provides an attractive approach to mitigate PMN-mediated vascular injury, not only in ALI/ARDS, but in other inflammatory diseases as well in which EC dysfunction is a major pathogenic mechanism. This review discusses the role and regulation of NF-κB in the context of EC inflammation and evaluates the potential and problems of targeting it as a therapy for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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9
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Gene Expression Profiling of Mono- and Co-Culture Models of the Respiratory Tract Exposed to Crystalline Quartz under Submerged and Air-Liquid Interface Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147773. [PMID: 35887123 PMCID: PMC9324045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro lung cell models like air-liquid interface (ALI) and 3D cell cultures have advanced greatly in recent years, being especially valuable for testing advanced materials (e.g., nanomaterials, fibrous substances) when considering inhalative exposure. Within this study, we established submerged and ALI cell culture models utilizing A549 cells as mono-cultures and co-cultures with differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1), as well as mono-cultures of dTHP-1. After ALI and submerged exposures towards α-quartz particles (Min-U-Sil5), with depositions ranging from 15 to 60 µg/cm2, comparison was made with respect to their transcriptional cellular responses employing high-throughput RT-qPCR. A significant dose- and time-dependent induction of genes coding for inflammatory proteins, e.g., IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and CCL22, as well as genes associated with oxidative stress response such as SOD2, was observed, even more pronounced in co-cultures. Changes in the expression of similar genes were more pronounced under submerged conditions when compared to ALI exposure in the case of A549 mono-cultures. Hereby, the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome seem to play an important role. Regarding genotoxicity, neither DNA strand breaks in ALI cultivated cells nor a transcriptional response to DNA damage were observed. Altogether, the toxicological responses depended considerably on the cell culture model and exposure scenario, relevant to be considered to improve toxicological risk assessment.
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10
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Zang H, Fofana J, Xu F, Nodder SB, Gummuluru S, Reinhard BM. Characterizing Lipid-Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as CD169-Binding Delivery System for Rilpivirine and Cabotegravir. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2100157. [PMID: 36313942 PMCID: PMC9610980 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LMSN) are investigated as biomimetic delivery vehicle for two antiretroviral compounds (ARVs), rilpivirine (RPV) and cabotegravir (CAB). Monosialodihexosylganglioside (GM3) is incorporated into the membrane to facilitate LMSN binding to CD169 (Siglec-1)-expressing myeloid cells, that are predominantly expressed in secondary lymphoid tissues in vivo. It is demonstrated that in addition to providing CD169-binding functionalities, the lipid membrane around the silica core provides stealth properties that dampen the inflammatory cytokine response to ARVs-loaded LMSN in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Quantification of RPV and CAB releases from nanoparticles, and assessment of antiviral potency to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in vitro reveals that RPV and CAB co-formulated into LMSN retain optimal antiviral potency for 90 days, even upon storage at room temperature, making LMSN an attractive nanoplatform, immune to cold chain requirements. These findings suggest that GM3-LMSN equip the mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) core with lipid-derived properties for surface passivation and lipid-mediated binding that are of high interest for achieving an effective delivery of ARVs to tissue reservoirs of HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zang
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, United States
| | - Josiane Fofana
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Fangda Xu
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, United States
| | - Sarah B. Nodder
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Björn M. Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, United States
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11
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Melo EM, Oliveira VLS, Boff D, Galvão I. Pulmonary macrophages and their different roles in health and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 141:106095. [PMID: 34653619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells with phenotype and function modulated according to the microenvironment in which they are found. The lung resident macrophages known as Alveolar Macrophages (AM) and Interstitial Macrophages (IM) are localized in two different compartments. During lung homeostasis, macrophages can remove inhaled particulates, cellular debris and contribute to some metabolic processes. Macrophages may assume a pro-inflammatory phenotype after being classically activated (M1) or anti-inflammatory when being alternatively activated (M2). M1 and M2 have different transcription profiles and act by eliminating bacteria, viruses and fungi from the host or repairing the damage triggered by inflammation, respectively. Nevertheless, macrophages also may contribute to lung damage during persistent inflammation or continuous exposure to antigens. In this review, we discuss the origin and function of pulmonary macrophages in the context of homeostasis, infectious and non-infectious lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Mathias Melo
- Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vivian Louise Soares Oliveira
- Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daiane Boff
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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12
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Maciaszek K, Brown DM, Stone V. An in vitro assessment of the toxicity of two-dimensional synthetic and natural layered silicates. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 78:105273. [PMID: 34801683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural Layered Silicates (NLS) and Synthetic Layered Silicates (SLS) are a diverse group of clay minerals that have attracted great interest in various branches of industry. However, despite growing demand for this class of material, their impact on human health has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the potential toxic effects of a wide range of commercially available SLS and NLS of varying physicochemical properties (lithium (Li) or fluoride (F) content and size). Mouse BALB/c monocyte macrophage (J774A.1) and human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were chosen as in vitro models of alveolar macrophages. Montmorillonite, hectorite, Medium (med) F/High Li and Low F/Med Li particles, were cytotoxic to cells and induced potent pro-inflammatory responses. The remaining particles (No F/Very (V)Low Li, No F/Med Li, No F/Low Li, High F/Med Li and High F/Med Li washed) were non- to relatively low- cytotoxic and inflammogenic, in both type of cells. In an acellular condition none of the tested samples increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), while ROS generation was observed following exposure to sublethal concentrations of Med F/High Li, Low F/Med Li, montmorillonite and hectorite samples, in J774A.1 cells. Based on the results obtained in this study the toxic potency of tested samples was not associated with lithium or fluoride content, but appeared to be dependent on particle size, with the platelets of larger dimension and lower surface area being more potent than the smaller platelet particles with higher surface area. In addition, the increased bioactivity of Med F/High Li and Low F/Med Li was associated with endotoxin contamination. Obtained results demonstrated that layered silicate materials have different toxicological profiles and suggest that toxicological properties of a specific layered silicate should be investigated on an individual basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David M Brown
- Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Vicki Stone
- Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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Abdulmalek S, Nasef M, Awad D, Balbaa M. Protective Effect of Natural Antioxidant, Curcumin Nanoparticles, and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Type 2 Diabetes-Promoted Hippocampal Neurotoxicity in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111937. [PMID: 34834352 PMCID: PMC8621156 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological findings have repeatedly established associations between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease. Targeting different pathways in the brain with T2DM-therapy offers a novel and appealing strategy to treat diabetes-related neuronal alterations. Therefore, here we investigated the capability of a natural compound, curcumin nanoparticle (CurNP), and a biomedical metal, zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnONP), to alleviate hippocampal modifications in T2DM-induced rats. The diabetes model was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Then model groups were treated orally with curcumin, zinc sulfate, two doses of CurNP and ZnONP, as well as metformin, for six weeks. HFD/STZ-induced rats exhibited numerous biochemical and molecular changes besides behavioral impairment. Compared with model rats, CurNP and ZnONP boosted learning and memory function, improved redox and inflammation status, lowered Bax, and upregulated Bcl2 expressions in the hippocampus. In addition, the phosphorylation level of the MAPK/ERK pathway was downregulated significantly. The expression of amyloidogenic-related genes and amyloid-beta accumulation, along with tau hyperphosphorylation, were lessened considerably. In addition, both nanoparticles significantly improved histological lesions in the hippocampus. Based on our findings, CurNP and ZnONP appear to be potential neuroprotective agents to mitigate diabetic complications-associated hippocampal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Abdulmalek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.A.); (M.N.); (D.A.)
- Center of Excellency for Preclinical Study (CE-PCS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Mayada Nasef
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.A.); (M.N.); (D.A.)
| | - Doaa Awad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.A.); (M.N.); (D.A.)
| | - Mahmoud Balbaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.A.); (M.N.); (D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +20-39-1179-4320
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Adamcakova J, Mokra D. New Insights into Pathomechanisms and Treatment Possibilities for Lung Silicosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084162. [PMID: 33920534 PMCID: PMC8072896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of silica particles is an environmental and occupational cause of silicosis, a type of pneumoconiosis. Development of the lung silicosis is a unique process in which the vicious cycle of ingestion of inhaled silica particles by alveolar macrophages and their release triggers inflammation, generation of nodular lesions, and irreversible fibrosis. The pathophysiology of silicosis is complex, and interactions between the pathomechanisms have not been completely understood. However, elucidation of silica-induced inflammation cascades and inflammation-fibrosis relations has uncovered several novel possibilities of therapeutic targeting. This article reviews new information on the pathophysiology of silicosis and points out several promising treatment approaches targeting silicosis-related pathways.
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Jumat MI, Hayati F, Syed Abdul Rahim SS, Saupin S, Awang Lukman K, Jeffree MS, Lasimbang HB, Kadir F. Occupational lung disease: A narrative review of lung conditions from the workplace. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 64:102245. [PMID: 33854771 PMCID: PMC8027683 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational lung diseases are lung conditions caused or made worse by materials when a person is exposed to a workplace. The diagnosis of an occupational disease is important for workers' decision to continue work and for their eligibility under compensation programmes. We revisit the existing lung diseases that are closely associated with the occupation at the workplace namely occupational asthma, silicosis, black lung disease, farmers' lung disease, asbestos-linked disease, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Occupational lung diseases contribute toward global health and economic impacts. Prevention and control of occupational lung diseases require a collaborative effort among employers, workers, occupational physicians, pulmonary physicians, industrial hygienists, and members from other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Iskandar Jumat
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Hayati
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Sahipudin Saupin
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Khamisah Awang Lukman
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Saffree Jeffree
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Helen Benedict Lasimbang
- Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fairrul Kadir
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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16
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Role of microRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis Induced by Asbestos. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020097. [PMID: 33546236 PMCID: PMC7913345 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding endogenous RNAs 19–25 nucleotides long, which play an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by targeting mRNA targets with subsequent repression of translation. MicroRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Lung cancer is usually associated with tobacco smoking. However, about 25% of lung cancer cases occur in people who have never smoked. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, asbestos has been classified as one of the cancerogenic factors for lung cancer. The mechanism of malignant transformation under the influence of asbestos is associated with the genotoxic effect of reactive oxygen species, which initiate the processes of DNA damage in the cell. However, epigenetic mechanisms such as changes in the microRNA expression profile may also be implicated in the pathogenesis of asbestos-induced lung cancer. Numerous studies have shown that microRNAs can serve as a biomarker of the effects of various adverse environmental factors on the human body. This review examines the role of microRNAs, the expression profile of which changes upon exposure to asbestos, in key processes of carcinogenesis, such as proliferation, cell survival, metastasis, neo-angiogenesis, and immune response avoidance.
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17
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Facile Synthesis of Long-Term Stable Silver Nanoparticles by Kaempferol and Their Enhanced Antibacterial Activity Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Sager TM, Roberts JR, Umbright CM, Barger M, Kashon ML, Fedan JS, Joseph P. Biological effects of inhaled hydraulic fracturing sand dust. V. Pulmonary inflammatory, cytotoxic and oxidant effects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 408:115280. [PMID: 33065154 PMCID: PMC7748298 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary inflammatory response to inhalation exposure to a fracking sand dust (FSD 8) was investigated in a rat model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by whole-body inhalation to air or an aerosol of a FSD, i.e., FSD 8, at concentrations of 10 or 30 mg/m3, 6 h/d for 4 d. The control and FSD 8-exposed rats were euthanized at post-exposure time intervals of 1, 7 or 27 d and pulmonary inflammatory, cytotoxic and oxidant responses were determined. Deposition of FSD 8 particles was detected in the lungs of all the FSD 8-exposed rats. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage parameters of toxicity, oxidant generation, and inflammation did not reveal any significant persistent pulmonary toxicity in the FSD 8-exposed rats. Similarly, the lung histology of the FSD 8-exposed rats showed only minimal changes in influx of macrophages following the exposure. Determination of global gene expression profiles detected statistically significant differential expressions of only six and five genes in the 10 mg/m3, 1-d post-exposure, and the 30 mg/m3, 7-d post-exposure FSD 8 groups, respectively. Taken together, data obtained from the present study demonstrated that FSD 8 inhalation exposure resulted in no statistically significant toxicity or gene expression changes in the lungs of the rats. In the absence of any information about its potential toxicity, a comprehensive rat animal model study (see Fedan, J.S., Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 000, 000-000, 2020) has been designed to investigate the bioactivities of several FSDs in comparison to MIN-U-SIL® 5, a respirable α-quartz reference dust used in previous animal models of silicosis, in several organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M Sager
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America.
| | - Jenny R Roberts
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Christina M Umbright
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Mark Barger
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Michael L Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S Fedan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Pius Joseph
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
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Salum KCR, Castro MCS, Nani ÂSF, Kohlrausch FB. Is individual genetic susceptibility a link between silica exposure and development or severity of silicosis? A systematic review. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:375-387. [PMID: 33006295 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1825569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicosis is a lung disease of fibrotic nature resulting from the inhalation and deposition of dust containing crystalline silica. Subjects exposed to the same environmental factors may show distinct radiological manifestations, and since silicosis is known as a multifactorial disease, it is plausible that individual genetic susceptibility may play a role in the pathology. This review of the literature aims to provide an assessment of the present data on the genetic association studies in silicosis and describe the genes that potentially might influence silicosis susceptibility in silica-exposed individuals. METHODS We accessed the database of PubMed for articles published in English about interindividual genetic susceptibility to silicosis using terms related to the subject matter. RESULTS Following the evaluation process, 28 studies were included in this systematic review, including 23 original studies and 5 meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the advances in the knowledge of the importance of gene variations in silicosis, more studies need to be performed, in particular, special polygenic and genome-wide investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaio Cezar Rodrigues Salum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Marcos Cesar Santos Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Barzotto Kohlrausch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
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20
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Leinardi R, Pavan C, Yedavally H, Tomatis M, Salvati A, Turci F. Cytotoxicity of fractured quartz on THP-1 human macrophages: role of the membranolytic activity of quartz and phagolysosome destabilization. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2981-2995. [PMID: 32592078 PMCID: PMC7415752 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenicity of quartz involves lysosomal alteration in alveolar macrophages. This event triggers the inflammatory cascade that may lead to quartz-induced silicosis and eventually lung cancer. Experiments with synthetic quartz crystals recently showed that quartz dust is cytotoxic only when the atomic order of the crystal surfaces is upset by fracturing. Cytotoxicity was not observed when quartz had as-grown, unfractured surfaces. These findings raised questions on the potential impact of quartz surfaces on the phagolysosomal membrane upon internalization of the particles by macrophages. To gain insights on the surface-induced cytotoxicity of quartz, as-grown and fractured quartz particles in respirable size differing only in surface properties related to fracturing were prepared and physico-chemically characterized. Synthetic quartz particles were compared to a well-known toxic commercial quartz dust. Membranolysis was assessed on red blood cells, and quartz uptake, cell viability and effects on lysosomes were assessed on human PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages, upon exposing cells to increasing concentrations of quartz particles (10–250 µg/ml). All quartz samples were internalized, but only fractured quartz elicited cytotoxicity and phagolysosomal alterations. These effects were blunted when uptake was suppressed by incubating macrophages with particles at 4 °C. Membranolysis, but not cytotoxicity, was quenched when fractured quartz was incubated with cells in protein-supplemented medium. We propose that, upon internalization, the phagolysosome environment rapidly removes serum proteins from the quartz surface, restoring quartz membranolytic activity in the phagolysosomes. Our findings indicate that the cytotoxic activity of fractured quartz is elicited by promoting phagolysosomal membrane alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Leinardi
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies On Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Pavan
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 57, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harita Yedavally
- Department of Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Maura Tomatis
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies On Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Salvati
- Department of Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands.
| | - Francesco Turci
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies On Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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21
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Shi Y, Pilozzi AR, Huang X. Exposure of CuO Nanoparticles Contributes to Cellular Apoptosis, Redox Stress, and Alzheimer's Aβ Amyloidosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1005. [PMID: 32033400 PMCID: PMC7038189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fe2O3, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles (NP) have found various industrial and biomedical applications. However, there are growing concerns among the general public and regulators about their potential environmental and health impacts as their physio-chemical interaction with biological systems and toxic responses of the latter are complex and not well understood. Herein we first reported that human SH-SY5Y and H4 cells and rat PC12 cell lines displayed concentration-dependent neurotoxic responses to insults of CuO nanoparticles (CuONP), but not to Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe2O3NP) or ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONP). This study provides evidence that CuONP induces neuronal cell apoptosis, discerns a likely p53-dependent apoptosis pathway and builds out the relationship between nanoparticles and Alzheimer's disease (AD) through the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased Aβ levels in SH-SY5Y and H4 cells. Our results implicate that exposure to CuONP may be an environmental risk factor for AD. For public health concerns, regulation for environmental or occupational exposure of CuONP are thus warranted given AD has already become a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xudong Huang
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (Y.S.); (A.R.P.)
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22
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Salum KCR, Castro MCS, Moreira VB, Nani ASF, Kohlrausch FB. Interleukin 1α and 1β gene variations are associated with tuberculosis in silica exposed subjects. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63:74-84. [PMID: 31692000 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Silicosis is a fibrotic lung disease resulting from the inhalation of crystalline silica and can be classified as simple or complicated according to the International Labour Organization criteria. Furthermore, individuals exposed to crystalline silica also have a higher risk for the development of tuberculosis (Tb). The contribution of inflammatory cytokines to the risk of silicosis and Tb in different populations has previously been reported. Since genetic background might be related to susceptibility to silicosis and Tb, the study of polymorphisms within IL-1α, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor protein-coding genes may contribute to elucidating the genetic basis of these diseases. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction using restriction fragment length polymorphism or by Taqman methodology, in a sample of 102 silica-exposed patients from Brazil. RESULTS No significant associations were observed between the SNPs studied and the severity of silicosis. However, significant associations were found between Tb and the C allele (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-3.73) and the CC genotype (OR = 2.34, 95% CI, 1.04-5.31) of IL1A -899C>T. The IL1B +3954C>T polymorphism also showed an association with Tb (T allele dominant model OR = 2.38, 95% CI, 1.04-5.41). CONCLUSION These preliminary results demonstrate that the IL1A and IL1B gene variations may contribute to some extent to susceptibility to Tb, but not silicosis. However, additional studies are still needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Cesar Santos Castro
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Antônio PedroUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiterói Brazil
- Ambulatório de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitário Pedro ErnestoUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Valéria Barbosa Moreira
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Antônio PedroUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiterói Brazil
| | - Angela Santos Ferreira Nani
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Antônio PedroUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiterói Brazil
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Huang T, Holden JA, Heath DE, O'Brien-Simpson NM, O'Connor AJ. Engineering highly effective antimicrobial selenium nanoparticles through control of particle size. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14937-14951. [PMID: 31363721 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04424h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics has induced the rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. As a result, antibiotic efficacy has become limited, and infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria is considered to be one of the largest global human health threats. Consequently, new, effective and safe antimicrobial agents need to be developed urgently. One promising candidate to address this requirement is selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs), which are made from the essential dietary trace element Se and have antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The size of nanomaterials can strongly affect their biophysical properties and functions; however, the effects of the size of Se NPs on their antibacterial efficacy has not been systematically investigated. Therefore, in this work, spherical Se NPs ranging from 43 to 205 nm in diameter were fabricated, and their mammalian cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity as a function of their size were systematically studied. The antibacterial activity of the Se NPs was shown to be strongly size dependent, with 81 nm Se NPs showing the maximal growth inhibition and killing effect of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA). The Se NPs were shown to have multi-modal mechanisms of action that depended on their size, including depleting internal ATP, inducing ROS production, and disrupting membrane potential. All the Se NPs were non-toxic towards mammalian cells up to 25 μg mL-1. Furthermore, the MIC value for the 81 nm particles produced in this research is 16 ± 7 μg mL-1, significantly lower than previously reported MIC values for Se NPs. This data illustrates that Se NP size is a facile yet critical and previously underappreciated parameter that can be tailored for maximal antimicrobial efficacy. We have identified that using Se NPs with a size of 81 nm and concentration of 10 μg mL-1 shows promise as a safe and efficient way to kill S. aureus without damaging mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Pan B, Li H, Lang D, Xing B. Environmentally persistent free radicals: Occurrence, formation mechanisms and implications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:320-331. [PMID: 30802746 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are defined as organic free radicals stabilized on or inside particles. They are persistent because of the protection by the particles and show significant toxicity to organisms. Increasing research interests have been attracted to study the potential environmental implications of EPFRs. Because of their different physical forms from conventional contaminants, it is not applicable to use the commonly used technique and strategy to predict and assess the behavior and risks of EPFRs. Current studies on EPFRs are scattered and not systematic enough to draw clear conclusions. Therefore, this review is organized to critically discuss the current research progress on EPFRs, highlighting their occurrence and transport, generation mechanisms, as well as their environmental implications (including both toxicity and reactivity). EPFR formation and stabilization as affected by the precursors and environmental factors are useful breakthrough to understand their formation mechanisms. To better understand the major differences between EPFRs and common contaminants, we identified the unique processes and/or mechanisms related to EPFRs. The knowledge gaps will be also addressed to highlight the future research while summarizing the research progress. Quantitative analysis of the interactions between organic contaminants and EPFRs will greatly improve the predictive accuracy of the multimedia environmental fate models. In addition, the health risks will be better evaluated when considering the toxicity contributed by EFPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Di Lang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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Shu F, Shi Y. Systematic Overview of Solid Particles and Their Host Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1157. [PMID: 29892295 PMCID: PMC5985299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystalline/particulate substances trigger a plethora of signaling events in host cells. The most prominent consequence is the inflammatory reactions that underlie crystal arthropathies, such as gout and pseudogout. However, their impact on our health was underestimated. Recent work on the role of cholesterol crystal in the development of atherosclerosis and the harm of environmental particulates has set up new frontiers in our defense against their detrimental effects. On the other hand, in the last 100 years, crystalline/particulate substances have been used with increasing frequencies in our daily lives as a part of new industrial manufacturing and engineering. Importantly, they have become a tool in modern medicine, used as vaccine adjuvants and drug delivery vehicles. Their biological effects are also being dissected in great detail, particularly with regard to their inflammatory signaling pathways. Solid structure interaction with host cells is far from being uniform, with outcomes dependent on cell types and chemical/physical properties of the particles involved. In this review, we offer a systematic and broad outlook of this landscape and a sage analysis of the complex nature of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Lei Y, Wang C, Jiang Q, Sun X, Du Y, Zhu Y, Lu Y. Calpain activation and disturbance of autophagy are induced in cortical neurons in vitro by exposure to HA/ β-Ga 2O 3:Cr 3+ nanoparticles. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4365. [PMID: 29441243 PMCID: PMC5807884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of engineered nanoparticles remains a concern. The knowledge of biohazards associated with particular nanoparticles is crucial to make this cutting-edge technology more beneficial and safe. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of Ga2O3 nanoparticles (NPs), which are frequently used to enhance the performance of metal catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions. The potential inflammatory signaling associated with the toxicity of HA/β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs in primary cortical neurons was examined. We observed a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis in neurons following various concentrations (0, 1, 5, 25, 50, 100 µg/ml) of HA/β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs treatment. Consistently, constitutively active forms of calcineurin (48 kDa) were significantly elevated in cultured primary cortical neurons, which was consistent with calpain activation indicated by the breakdown products of spectrin. Moreover, HA/β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs result in the elevation of LC3-II formation, SQSTM/p62, and Cathepsin B, whereas phosphorylation of CaMKII (Thr286) and Synapsin I (Ser603) were downregulated in the same context. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that calpain activation and a disturbance of autophagy signaling are evoked by exposure to HA/β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs, which may contribute to neuronal injury in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Unviersity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Unviersity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Unviersity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Unviersity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingmei Lu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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de Oliveira HD, de Melo EBB, Silva JD, Kitoko JZ, Gutfilen B, Barboza T, de Souza SAL, Takiya CM, Rocco PRM, Lopes-Pacheco M, Morales MM. Therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells from healthy or silicotic donors on recipient silicosis mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:259. [PMID: 29126438 PMCID: PMC5681761 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) modulates lung inflammation and fibrosis in experimental silicosis. However, no studies have evaluated whether silicosis affects the efficacy of autologous BMMCs treatment. We hypothesized that BMMCs obtained from healthy or silicotic mice may improve lung function, but they might affect the inflammatory and fibrotic processes differently in experimental silicosis. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control (C) and silicosis (SIL) groups. Mice in the SIL group were instilled with silica particles intratracheally; the C animals received saline using the same protocol. On day 15, the animals were treated with saline (Sal) or BMMCs (2 × 106 cells) from healthy (BMMC-healthy) and silicotic (BMMC-sil) donors. Lung mechanics were measured, and lungs were collected for histology and molecular biology analysis. Results BMMCs obtained from healthy and silicotic donors presented similar percentages of cell populations. 99mTc-BMMCs tracking revealed preferential migration of cells to the liver, and only a few GFP+ BMMCs were observed in lung tissue 24 h after treatment, regardless of donor type. Both the SIL-BMMC-healthy and SIL-BMMC-sil groups showed improvement in lung function, a reduction in the fractional area of granuloma, and a decrease in the number of mononuclear and apoptotic cells in lung parenchyma. In addition, the number of F4/80+ macrophages, the levels of interleukin-1 beta and transforming growth factor beta, and collagen fiber content in granuloma were reduced in SIL-BMMC-healthy mice, whereas mRNA expression of MMP-9 and procollagen I and III was reduced in the SIL-BMMC-sil group. Conclusions Administration of BMMCs from healthy and silicotic donors reduced lung inflammation and fibrosis, thus improving lung function. In addition, BMMC-healthy exhibited a greater improvement in lung morpho-functional changes in murine model of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D'Anunciação de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elga Bernardo Bandeira de Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Johnatas Dutra Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jamil Zola Kitoko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gutfilen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barboza
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Marcos Morales
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Joseph P. Transcriptomics in toxicology. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:650-662. [PMID: 28720289 PMCID: PMC6419952 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotics, of which many are toxic, may enter the human body through multiple routes. Excessive human exposure to xenobiotics may exceed the body's capacity to defend against the xenobiotic-induced toxicity and result in potentially fatal adverse health effects. Prevention of the adverse health effects, potentially associated with human exposure to the xenobiotics, may be achieved by detecting the toxic effects at an early, reversible and, therefore, preventable stage. Additionally, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity may be helpful in preventing and/or managing the ensuing adverse health effects. Human exposures to a large number of xenobiotics are associated with hepatotoxicity or pulmonary toxicity. Global gene expression changes taking place in biological systems, in response to exposure to xenobiotics, may represent the early and mechanistically relevant cellular events contributing to the onset and progression of xenobiotic-induced adverse health outcomes. Hepatotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity resulting from exposure to xenobiotics are discussed as specific examples to demonstrate the potential application of transcriptomics or global gene expression analysis in the prevention of adverse health effects associated with exposure to xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pius Joseph
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA.
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29
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Romano-Feinholz S, Salazar-Ramiro A, Muñoz-Sandoval E, Magaña-Maldonado R, Hernández Pedro N, Rangel López E, González Aguilar A, Sánchez García A, Sotelo J, Pérez de la Cruz V, Pineda B. Cytotoxicity induced by carbon nanotubes in experimental malignant glioma. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6005-6026. [PMID: 28860763 PMCID: PMC5573058 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s139004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite multiple advances in the diagnosis of brain tumors, there is no effective treatment for glioblastoma. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which were previously used as a diagnostic and drug delivery tool, have now been explored as a possible therapy against neoplasms. However, although the toxicity profile of nanotubes is dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of specific particles, there are no studies exploring how the effectivity of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is affected by different methods of production. In this study, we characterize the structure and biocompatibility of four different types of MWCNTs in rat astrocytes and in RG2 glioma cells as well as the induction of cell lysis and possible additive effect of the combination of MWCNTs with temozolomide. We used undoped MWCNTs (labeled simply as MWCNTs) and nitrogen-doped MWCNTs (labeled as N-MWCNTs). The average diameter of both pristine MWCNTs and pristine N-MWCNTs was ~22 and ~35 nm, respectively. In vitro and in vivo results suggested that these CNTs can be used as adjuvant therapy along with the standard treatment to increase the survival of rats implanted with malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alelí Salazar-Ramiro
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN), Mexico City
| | | | - Roxana Magaña-Maldonado
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN), Mexico City
| | | | | | | | | | - Julio Sotelo
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN), Mexico City
| | | | - Benjamín Pineda
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN), Mexico City
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30
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Sellamuthu R, Umbright C, Roberts JR, Young SH, Richardson D, McKinney W, Chen BT, Li S, Kashon M, Joseph P. Molecular mechanisms of pulmonary response progression in crystalline silica exposed rats. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:53-64. [PMID: 28317464 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1282064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanisms underlying diseases is critical for their prevention. Excessive exposure to crystalline silica is a risk factor for silicosis, a potentially fatal pulmonary disease. Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed by inhalation to crystalline silica (15 mg/m3, six hours/day, five days) and pulmonary response was determined at 44 weeks following termination of silica exposure. Additionally, global gene expression profiling in lungs and BAL cells and bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression data were done to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of pulmonary response to silica. A significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity and albumin content in BAL fluid (BALF) suggested silica-induced pulmonary toxicity in the rats. A significant increase in the number of alveolar macrophages and infiltrating neutrophils in the lungs and elevation in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in BALF suggested the induction of pulmonary inflammation in the silica exposed rats. Histological changes in the lungs included granuloma formation, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, thickening of alveolar septa and positive response to Masson's trichrome stain. Microarray analysis of global gene expression detected 94 and 225 significantly differentially expressed genes in the lungs and BAL cells, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression data identified significant enrichment of several disease and biological function categories and canonical pathways related to pulmonary toxicity, especially inflammation. Taken together, these data suggested the involvement of chronic inflammation as a mechanism underlying the progression of pulmonary response to exposure of rats to crystalline silica at 44 weeks following termination of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Sellamuthu
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Christina Umbright
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Jenny R Roberts
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Shih-Houng Young
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Diana Richardson
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Walter McKinney
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Bean T Chen
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Shengqiao Li
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Michael Kashon
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Pius Joseph
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
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Umbright C, Sellamuthu R, Roberts JR, Young SH, Richardson D, Schwegler-Berry D, McKinney W, Chen B, Gu JK, Kashon M, Joseph P. Pulmonary toxicity and global gene expression changes in response to sub-chronic inhalation exposure to crystalline silica in rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1349-1368. [PMID: 29165057 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1384773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to crystalline silica results in serious adverse health effects, most notably, silicosis. An understanding of the mechanism(s) underlying silica-induced pulmonary toxicity is critical for the intervention and/or prevention of its adverse health effects. Rats were exposed by inhalation to crystalline silica at a concentration of 15 mg/m3, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 3, 6 or 12 weeks. Pulmonary toxicity and global gene expression profiles were determined in lungs at the end of each exposure period. Crystalline silica was visible in lungs of rats especially in the 12-week group. Pulmonary toxicity, as evidenced by an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and albumin content and accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), was seen in animals depending upon silica exposure duration. The most severe histological changes, noted in the 12-week exposure group, consisted of chronic active inflammation, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, and fibrosis. Microarray analysis of lung gene expression profiles detected significant differential expression of 38, 77, and 99 genes in rats exposed to silica for 3-, 6-, or 12-weeks, respectively, compared to time-matched controls. Among the significantly differentially expressed genes (SDEG), 32 genes were common in all exposure groups. Bioinformatics analysis of the SDEG identified enrichment of functions, networks and canonical pathways related to inflammation, cancer, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and tissue remodeling in response to silica exposure. Collectively, these results provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pulmonary toxicity following sub-chronic inhalation exposure to crystalline silica in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Umbright
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Rajendran Sellamuthu
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Jenny R Roberts
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Shih-Houng Young
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Diana Richardson
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Walter McKinney
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Bean Chen
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Michael Kashon
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Pius Joseph
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
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Pavan C, Fubini B. Unveiling the Variability of “Quartz Hazard” in Light of Recent Toxicological Findings. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:469-485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
- “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Bice Fubini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
- “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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33
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Feng H, Pyykkö I, Zou J. Involvement of Ubiquitin-Editing Protein A20 in Modulating Inflammation in Rat Cochlea Associated with Silver Nanoparticle-Induced CD68 Upregulation and TLR4 Activation. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:240. [PMID: 27142878 PMCID: PMC4854861 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were shown to temporarily impair the biological barriers in the skin of the external ear canal, mucosa of the middle ear, and inner ear, causing partially reversible hearing loss after delivery into the middle ear. The current study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism, emphasizing the TLR signaling pathways in association with the potential recruitment of macrophages in the cochlea and the modulation of inflammation by ubiquitin-editing protein A20. Molecules potentially involved in these signaling pathways were thoroughly analysed using immunohistochemistry in the rat cochlea exposed to AgNPs at various concentrations through intratympanic injection. The results showed that 0.4 % AgNPs but not 0.02 % AgNPs upregulated the expressions of CD68, TLR4, MCP1, A20, and RNF11 in the strial basal cells, spiral ligament fibrocytes, and non-sensory supporting cells of Corti's organ. 0.4 % AgNPs had no effect on CD44, TLR2, MCP2, Rac1, myosin light chain, VCAM1, Erk1/2, JNK, p38, IL-1β, TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, IL-10, or TGF-β. This study suggested that AgNPs might confer macrophage-like functions on the strial basal cells and spiral ligament fibrocytes and enhance the immune activities of non-sensory supporting cells of Corti's organ through the upregulation of CD68, which might be involved in TLR4 activation. A20 and RNF11 played roles in maintaining cochlear homeostasis via negative regulation of the expressions of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Oto-laryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilmari Pyykkö
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Oto-laryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jing Zou
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Oto-laryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of Chinese PLA, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Shad MK, Barkhordari A, Mehrparvar AH, Dehghani A, Ranjbar A, Moghadam RH. Oxidative toxic stress in workers occupationally exposed to ceramic dust: A study in a ceramic manufacturing industry. Work 2016; 55:13-17. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-162384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Keshvari Shad
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abolfaz Barkhordari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Dehghani
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rashid Heidari Moghadam
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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35
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Turci F, Pavan C, Leinardi R, Tomatis M, Pastero L, Garry D, Anguissola S, Lison D, Fubini B. Revisiting the paradigm of silica pathogenicity with synthetic quartz crystals: the role of crystallinity and surface disorder. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:32. [PMID: 27286702 PMCID: PMC4902968 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to some - but not all - quartz particles is associated to silicosis, lung cancer and autoimmune diseases. What imparts pathogenicity to any single quartz source is however still unclear. Crystallinity and various surface features are implied in toxicity. Quartz dusts used so far in particle toxicology have been obtained by grinding rocks containing natural quartz, a process which affects crystallinity and yields dusts with variable surface states. To clarify the role of crystallinity in quartz pathogenicity we have grown intact quartz crystals in respirable size. METHODS Quartz crystals were grown and compared with a fractured specimen obtained by grinding the largest synthetic crystals and a mineral quartz (positive control). The key physico-chemical features relevant to particle toxicity - particle size distribution, micromorphology, crystallinity, surface charge, cell-free oxidative potential - were evaluated. Membranolysis was assessed on biological and artificial membranes. Endpoints of cellular stress were evaluated on RAW 264.7 murine macrophages by High Content Analysis after ascertaining cellular uptake by bio-TEM imaging of quartz-exposed cells. RESULTS Quartz crystals were grown in the submicron (n-Qz-syn) or micron (μ-Qz-syn) range by modulating the synthetic procedure. Independently from size as-grown quartz crystals with regular intact faces did not elicit cellular toxicity and lysosomal stress on RAW 264.7 macrophages, and were non-membranolytic on liposome and red blood cells. When fractured, synthetic quartz (μ-Qz-syn-f) attained particle morphology and size close to the mineral quartz dust (Qz-f, positive control) and similarly induced cellular toxicity and membranolysis. Fracturing imparted a higher heterogeneity of silanol acidic sites and radical species at the quartz surface. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that the biological activity of quartz dust is not due to crystallinity but to crystal fragmentation, when conchoidal fractures are formed. Besides radical generation, fracturing upsets the expected long-range order of non-radical surface moieties - silanols, silanolates, siloxanes - which disrupt membranes and induce cellular toxicity, both outcomes associated to the inflammatory response to quartz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Turci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy.
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy.
| | - Cristina Pavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Riccardo Leinardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Linda Pastero
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Via V. Caluso 35, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - David Garry
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Sergio Anguissola
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52 - bte B1.52.12, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Bice Fubini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
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Pavan C, Polimeni M, Tomatis M, Corazzari I, Turci F, Ghigo D, Fubini B. Editor's Highlight: Abrasion of Artificial Stones as a New Cause of an Ancient Disease. Physicochemical Features and Cellular Responses. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:4-17. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Different reactivity of primary fibroblasts and endothelial cells towards crystalline silica: A surface radical matter. Toxicology 2016; 361-362:12-23. [PMID: 27381660 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Perkins TN, Dentener MA, Stassen FR, Rohde GG, Mossman BT, Wouters EF, Reynaert NL. Alteration of canonical and non-canonical WNT-signaling by crystalline silica in human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 301:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Antognelli C, Gambelunghe A, Muzi G, Talesa VN. Glyoxalase I drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via argpyrimidine-modified Hsp70, miR-21 and SMAD signalling in human bronchial cells BEAS-2B chronically exposed to crystalline silica Min-U-Sil 5: Transformation into a neoplastic-like phenotype. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 92:110-125. [PMID: 26784015 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (Glo1) is the main scavenging enzyme of methylglyoxal (MG), a potent precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are known to control multiple biological processes, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a multistep phenomenon associated with cell transformation, playing a major role in a variety of diseases, including cancer. Crystalline silica is a well-known occupational health hazard, responsible for a great number of human pulmonary diseases, such as silicosis. There is still much debate concerning the carcinogenic role of crystalline silica, mainly due to the lack of a causal demonstration between silica exposure and carcinogenesis. It has been suggested that EMT might play a role in crystalline silica-induced lung neoplastic transformation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and by means of which mechanism, the antiglycation defence Glo1 is involved in Min-U-Sil 5 (MS5) crystalline silica-induced EMT in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells chronically exposed, and whether this is associated with the beginning of a neoplastic-like transformation process. By using gene silencing/overexpression and scavenging/inhibitory agents, we demonstrated that MS5 induced hydrogen peroxide-mediated c-Jun-dependent Glo1 up-regulation which resulted in a decrease in the Argpyrimidine-modified Hsp70 protein level which triggered EMT in a novel mechanism involving miR-21 and SMAD signalling. The observed EMT was associated with a neoplastic-like phenotype. The results obtained provide a causal in vitro demonstration of the MS5 pro-carcinogenic transforming role and more importantly they provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in this process, thus opening new paths in research concerning the in vivo study of the carcinogenic potential of crystalline silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Angela Gambelunghe
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Muzi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
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Serban AI, Stanca L, Sima C, Staicu AC, Zarnescu O, Dinischiotu A. Complex responses to Si quantum dots accumulation in carp liver tissue: Beyond oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 239:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Øvrevik J, Refsnes M, Låg M, Holme JA, Schwarze PE. Activation of Proinflammatory Responses in Cells of the Airway Mucosa by Particulate Matter: Oxidant- and Non-Oxidant-Mediated Triggering Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1399-440. [PMID: 26147224 PMCID: PMC4598757 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is considered to play a central role in a diverse range of disease outcomes associated with exposure to various types of inhalable particulates. The initial mechanisms through which particles trigger cellular responses leading to activation of inflammatory responses are crucial to clarify in order to understand what physico-chemical characteristics govern the inflammogenic activity of particulate matter and why some particles are more harmful than others. Recent research suggests that molecular triggering mechanisms involved in activation of proinflammatory genes and onset of inflammatory reactions by particles or soluble particle components can be categorized into direct formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with subsequent oxidative stress, interaction with the lipid layer of cellular membranes, activation of cell surface receptors, and direct interactions with intracellular molecular targets. The present review focuses on the immediate effects and responses in cells exposed to particles and central down-stream signaling mechanisms involved in regulation of proinflammatory genes, with special emphasis on the role of oxidant and non-oxidant triggering mechanisms. Importantly, ROS act as a central second-messenger in a variety of signaling pathways. Even non-oxidant mediated triggering mechanisms are therefore also likely to activate downstream redox-regulated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Per E Schwarze
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
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Antognelli C, Gambelunghe A, Muzi G, Talesa VN. Peroxynitrite-mediated glyoxalase I epigenetic inhibition drives apoptosis in airway epithelial cells exposed to crystalline silica via a novel mechanism involving argpyrimidine-modified Hsp70, JNK, and NF-κB. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84:128-141. [PMID: 25841781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (Glo1) is a cellular defense enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic by-product of glycolysis, and MG-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Argpyrimidine (AP), one of the major AGEs coming from MG modification of protein arginines, is a proapoptotic agent. Crystalline silica is a well-known occupational health hazard, responsible for a relevant number of pulmonary diseases. Exposure of cells to crystalline silica results in a number of complex biological responses, including apoptosis. The present study was aimed at investigating whether, and through which mechanism, Glo1 was involved in Min-U-Sil 5 crystalline silica-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis, by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and transcript and protein levels or enzymatic activity, by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and spectrophotometric methods, respectively, were evaluated in human bronchial BEAS-2B cells exposed or not (control) to crystalline silica and also in experiments with appropriate inhibitors. Reactive oxygen species were evaluated by coumarin-7-boronic acid or Amplex red hydrogen peroxide/peroxidase methods for peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) measurements, respectively. Our results showed that Min-U-Sil 5 crystalline silica induced a dramatic ONOO(-)-mediated inhibition of Glo1, leading to AP-modified Hsp70 protein accumulation that, in a mechanism involving JNK and NF-κB, triggered an apoptotic mitochondrial pathway. Inhibition of Glo1 occurred at both functional and transcriptional levels, the latter occurring via ERK1/2 MAPK and miRNA 101 involvement. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Glo1 is involved in the Min-U-Sil 5 crystalline silica-induced BEAS-2B cell mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via a novel mechanism involving Hsp70, JNK, and NF-κB. Because maintenance of an intact respiratory epithelium is a critically important determinant of normal respiratory function, the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying its disruption may provide insight into the genesis, and possibly the prevention, of a number of pathological conditions commonly occurring in silica dust occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Angela Gambelunghe
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Muzi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
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Perkins TN, Peeters PM, Shukla A, Arijs I, Dragon J, Wouters EFM, Reynaert NL, Mossman BT. Indications for distinct pathogenic mechanisms of asbestos and silica through gene expression profiling of the response of lung epithelial cells. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1374-89. [PMID: 25351596 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposures to airborne asbestos and silica are associated with the development of lung fibrosis in the forms of asbestosis and silicosis, respectively. However, both diseases display distinct pathologic presentations, likely associated with differences in gene expression induced by different mineral structures, composition and bio-persistent properties. We hypothesized that effects of mineral exposure in the airway epithelium may dictate deviating molecular events that may explain the different pathologies of asbestosis versus silicosis. Using robust gene expression-profiling in conjunction with in-depth pathway analysis, we assessed early (24 h) alterations in gene expression associated with crocidolite asbestos or cristobalite silica exposures in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs). Observations were confirmed in an immortalized line (BEAS-2B) by QRT-PCR and protein assays. Utilization of overall gene expression, unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis and integrated pathway analysis revealed gene alterations that were common to both minerals or unique to either mineral. Our findings reveal that both minerals had potent effects on genes governing cell adhesion/migration, inflammation, and cellular stress, key features of fibrosis. Asbestos exposure was most specifically associated with aberrant cell proliferation and carcinogenesis, whereas silica exposure was highly associated with additional inflammatory responses, as well as pattern recognition, and fibrogenesis. These findings illustrate the use of gene-profiling as a means to determine early molecular events that may dictate pathological processes induced by exogenous cellular insults. In addition, it is a useful approach for predicting the pathogenicity of potentially harmful materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
| | - Paul M Peeters
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ingrid Arijs
- Department of Gastroenterology, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), and Gene Expression Unit, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Dragon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Brooke T Mossman
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Roy R, Chauhan LKS, Das M, Tripathi A, Dwivedi PD. Phagocytic cells internalize ZnO particles by FcγII/III-receptor pathway. Immunobiology 2014; 219:746-55. [PMID: 25082708 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the process of internalization for bulk ZnO particles in macrophages, and further elucidates the underlying mechanism. Since macrophages are active phagocytes and phagocytosis is a size dependent phenomenon, therefore we hypothesized that bulk ZnO may internalize into macrophages by phagocytic pathways. Interestingly, the phagocytic activity got enhanced in bulk ZnO treated macrophages. Moreover, the bulk ZnO treated macrophages internalized via FcγR-II/III, complement and scavenger-receptor pathways. To confirm the specificity of phagocytic pathway, the uptake was also analyzed in splenocytes where phagocytic (monocytes) and non-phagocytic cells (lymphocytes) are present. It was observed that no significant uptake of bulk ZnO in case of lymphocytes whereas significant uptake in monocytes. Henceforth, our quest for uptake mechanisms also revealed that severe plasma membrane extensions (pseudopodia), FcγR clustering over the surface of macrophages and activation of FcγR signaling were the key players for bulk ZnO uptake; whereas clathrin or caveolae mediated endocytic pathways contributed less. Uptake of these particles was further strengthened by the ZnO-induced activation of the Src-kinase p-Lyn, phospho-tyrosine kinases Syk (spleen tyrosine kinase), p-PLC-γ and PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase). Our findings illustrate that the phagocytic nature of macrophages could have led to higher uptake of bulk ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Roy
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg. Post Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - L K S Chauhan
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg. Post Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Mukul Das
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg. Post Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg. Post Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, India.
| | - Premendra D Dwivedi
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg. Post Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Badding MA, Stefaniak AB, Fix NR, Cummings KJ, Leonard SS. Cytotoxicity and characterization of particles collected from an indium-tin oxide production facility. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1193-1209. [PMID: 25208660 PMCID: PMC4192900 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.920757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to indium compound particles has recently been associated with lung disease among workers in the indium-tin oxide (ITO) industry. Previous studies suggested that excessive alveolar surfactant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a role in the development of pulmonary lesions following exposure to indium compounds. However, toxicity at the cellular level has not been comprehensively evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess which, if any, compounds encountered during ITO production are toxic to cultured cells and ultimately contribute to the pathogenesis of indium lung disease. The compounds used in this study were collected from eight different processing stages at an ITO production facility. Enhanced dark field imaging showed 5 of the compounds significantly associated with cells within 1 h, suggesting that cellular reactions to the compound particles may be occurring rapidly. To examine the potential cytotoxic effects of these associations, ROS generation, cell viability, and apoptosis were evaluated following exposures in RAW 264.7 mouse monocyte macrophage and BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cell lines. Both exhibited reduced viability with exposures, while apoptosis only occurred in RAW 264.7 cells. Our results suggested that excessive ROS production is likely not the predominant mechanism underlying indium-induced lung disease. However, the effects on cell viability reveal that several of the compounds are cytotoxic, and therefore, exposures need to be carefully monitored in the industrial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Badding
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Aleksandr B. Stefaniak
- Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Natalie R. Fix
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kristin J. Cummings
- Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen S. Leonard
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Chávez-Galán L, Ramon-Luing LA, Torre-Bouscoulet L, Pérez-Padilla R, Sada-Ovalle I. Pre-exposure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages to crystalline silica impairs control of bacterial growth by deregulating the balance between apoptosis and necrosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80971. [PMID: 24278357 PMCID: PMC3838437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of crystalline silica (CS) particles increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis; however, the precise mechanism through which CS exposure facilitates Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is unclear. We speculate that macrophage exposure to CS deregulates the cell death pathways that could explain, at least in part, the association observed between exposure to CS and pulmonary tuberculosis. We therefore established an in vitro model in which macrophages were exposed to CS and then infected with Mtb. Expression of surface markers was analyzed by flow cytometry, JNK1/2, ASK1, caspase 9, P-p38, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 were analyzed by Western blot, and cytokines by ELISA. Our results show that exposure to CS limits macrophage ability to control Mtb growth. Moreover, this exposure reduced the expression of TLR2, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, but increased that of JNK1 and ASK1 molecules in the macrophages. Finally, when the pre-exposed macrophages were infected with Mtb, the concentrations of TNFα, IL-1β and caspase-9 expression increased. This pro-inflammatory profile of the macrophage unbalanced the apoptosis/necrosis pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that macrophages exposed to CS are sensitized to cell death by MAPK kinase-dependent signaling pathway. Secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β by Mtb-infected macrophages promotes necrosis, and this deregulation of cell death pathways may favor the release of viable bacilli, thus leading to the progression of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Chávez-Galán
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucero A. Ramon-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Torre-Bouscoulet
- Department of Respiratory Physiology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Pérez-Padilla
- Department of Respiratory Physiology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Sada-Ovalle
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Wilhelmi V, Fischer U, Weighardt H, Schulze-Osthoff K, Nickel C, Stahlmecke B, Kuhlbusch TAJ, Scherbart AM, Esser C, Schins RPF, Albrecht C. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce necrosis and apoptosis in macrophages in a p47phox- and Nrf2-independent manner. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65704. [PMID: 23755271 PMCID: PMC3670863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the steadily increasing use of zinc oxide nanoparticles in various industrial and consumer applications, toxicological investigations to evaluate their safety are highly justified. We have investigated mechanisms of ZnO nanoparticle-induced apoptosis and necrosis in macrophages in relation to their important role in the clearance of inhaled particulates and the regulation of immune responses during inflammation. In the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line, ZnO treatment caused a rapid induction of nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, and the formation of hypodiploid DNA nuclei and apoptotic bodies. The involvement of the essential effector caspase-3 in ZnO-mediated apoptosis could be demonstrated by immunocytochemical detection of activated caspase-3 in RAW 264.7 cells. ZnO specifically triggered the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, because Jurkat T lymphocytes deficient in the key mediator caspase-9 were protected against ZnO-mediated toxicity whereas reconstituted cells were not. ZnO also caused DNA strand breakage and oxidative DNA damage in the RAW 264.7 cells as well as p47(phox) NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. However, ZnO-induced cell death was not affected in bone marrow-derived macrophages of mice deficient in p47(phox) or the oxidant responsive transcription factor Nrf2. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ZnO nanoparticles trigger p47(phox) NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS formation in macrophages, but that this is dispensable for caspase-9/3-mediated apoptosis. Execution of apoptotic cell death by ZnO nanoparticles appears to be NADPH oxidase and Nrf2-independent but rather triggered by alternative routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wilhelmi
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Fischer
- Clinic of Pediatric Oncology, Haematology and Clinical Immunology, Centre of Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heike Weighardt
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Nickel
- Air Quality and Sustainable Nanotechnology, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Stahlmecke
- Air Quality and Sustainable Nanotechnology, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Thomas A. J. Kuhlbusch
- Air Quality and Sustainable Nanotechnology, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Agnes M. Scherbart
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Charlotte Esser
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P. F. Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Tong G, Du F, Wu W, Wu R, Liu F, Liang Y. Enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) yields and antibacterial activity of spongy ZnO/ZnFe 2O 4 hybrid micro-hexahedra selectively synthesized through a versatile glucose-engineered co-precipitation/annealing process. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2647-2657. [PMID: 32260952 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, sponge-like ZnO/ZnFe2O4 hybrid micro-hexahedra with diverse textures and compositions were fabricated by the thermal decomposition of hexahedral zinc/iron oxalate precursors, starting from a glucose-engineered co-precipitation process. The resulting ZnO/ZnFe2O4 micro-hexahedra were systematically characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, and surface area analysis. Moreover, modulation in crystal size, composition, and textural properties of spongy ZnO/ZnFe2O4 micro-hexahedra was easily achieved by varying the Zn2+/Fe3+ feeding ratio and the annealing temperature. The antibacterial property of the products was analyzed by testing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and inhibition zones. Results showed that oxidative stress was the governing mechanism for the antibacterial activity of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 hybrid materials. Moreover, we found that the higher reactive oxygen species yields and the resulting antibacterial activity were exhibited by the ZnO/ZnFe2O4 micro-hexahedra formed at lower sintering temperatures rather than the pure ZnO and Fe2O3. The enhanced antibacterial properties were likely caused by the spongy ZnO/ZnFe2O4 heterostructures, improving the probability of photoinduced charge separation and broadening the visible-light absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiu Tong
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China.
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Joseph P, Umbright C, Sellamuthu R. Blood transcriptomics: applications in toxicology. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 33:1193-202. [PMID: 23456664 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The number of new chemicals that are being synthesized each year has been steadily increasing. While chemicals are of immense benefit to mankind, many of them have a significant negative impact, primarily owing to their inherent chemistry and toxicity, on the environment as well as human health. In addition to chemical exposures, human exposures to numerous non-chemical toxic agents take place in the environment and workplace. Given that human exposure to toxic agents is often unavoidable and many of these agents are found to have detrimental human health effects, it is important to develop strategies to prevent the adverse health effects associated with toxic exposures. Early detection of adverse health effects as well as a clear understanding of the mechanisms, especially at the molecular level, underlying these effects are key elements in preventing the adverse health effects associated with human exposure to toxic agents. Recent developments in genomics, especially transcriptomics, have prompted investigations into this important area of toxicology. Previous studies conducted in our laboratory and elsewhere have demonstrated the potential application of blood gene expression profiling as a sensitive, mechanistically relevant and practical surrogate approach for the early detection of adverse health effects associated with exposure to toxic agents. The advantages of blood gene expression profiling as a surrogate approach to detect early target organ toxicity and the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity are illustrated and discussed using recent studies on hepatotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity. Furthermore, the important challenges this emerging field in toxicology faces are presented in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pius Joseph
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
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50
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Sharma RK, Otsuka M, Gaba G, Mehta S. Inhibitors of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κβ)-DNA binding. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21852f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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