1
|
Akoumianakis I, Polkinghorne M, Antoniades C. Non-canonical WNT signalling in cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:783-797. [PMID: 35697779 PMCID: PMC9191761 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
WNT signalling comprises a diverse spectrum of receptor-mediated pathways activated by a large family of WNT ligands and influencing fundamental biological processes. WNT signalling includes the β-catenin canonical pathway and the non-canonical pathways, namely the planar cell polarity and the calcium-dependent pathways. Advances over the past decade have linked non-canonical WNT signalling with key mechanisms of atherosclerosis, including oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, macrophage activation and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype regulation. In addition, non-canonical WNT signalling is involved in crucial aspects of myocardial biology, from fibrosis to hypertrophy and oxidative stress. Importantly, non-canonical WNT signalling activation has complex effects in adipose tissue in the context of obesity, thereby potentially linking metabolic and vascular diseases. Tissue-specific targeting of non-canonical WNT signalling might be associated with substantial risks of off-target tumorigenesis, challenging its therapeutic potential. However, novel technologies, such as monoclonal antibodies, recombinant decoy receptors, tissue-specific gene silencing with small interfering RNAs and gene editing with CRISPR-Cas9, might enable more efficient therapeutic targeting of WNT signalling in the cardiovascular system. In this Review, we summarize the components of non-canonical WNT signalling, their links with the main mechanisms of atherosclerosis, heart failure and arrhythmias, and the rationale for targeting individual components of non-canonical WNT signalling for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Akoumianakis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Murray Polkinghorne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garcia C, Blesso CN. Antioxidant properties of anthocyanins and their mechanism of action in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:152-166. [PMID: 34087429 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis develops due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and sclerosis as result of increased hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation. However, improving antioxidant status through diet may prevent the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is believed that polyphenol-rich plants contribute to the inverse relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and chronic disease. Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenols with antioxidant properties that have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The consumption of anthocyanins increases total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant defense enzymes, and HDL antioxidant properties by several measures in preclinical and clinical populations. Anthocyanins appear to impart antioxidant actions via direct antioxidant properties, as well as indirectly via inducing intracellular Nrf2 activation and antioxidant gene expression. These actions counter oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in cells present in atherosclerotic plaques, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Overall, anthocyanins may protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through their effects on cellular antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and inflammation; however, their underlying mechanisms of action appear to be complex and require further elucidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ratter JM, van Heck JIP, Rooijackers HMM, Jansen HJ, van Poppel PCM, Tack CJ, Stienstra R. Insulin acutely activates metabolism of primary human monocytes and promotes a proinflammatory phenotype. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:885-891. [PMID: 33477205 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0120-019rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased glycolysis is a metabolic trait of activated innate immune cells and supports functional changes including cytokine production. Insulin drives glycolysis in nonimmune cells, yet its metabolic effects on human innate immune cells remain unexplored. Potential effects of insulin on immune cell metabolism may occur acutely after a postprandial increase in plasma insulin levels or as a consequence of chronically elevated insulin levels as observed in obese insulin-resistant individuals and patients with diabetes. Here, we investigated the effects of acute and chronic exposure to insulin on metabolism and function of primary human monocytes. Insulin acutely activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in monocytes and increased both oxygen consumption and glycolytic rates. Functionally, acute exposure to insulin increased LPS-induced IL-6 secretion and reactive oxygen species production. To model chronically elevated insulin levels in patients with diabetes, we exposed monocytes from healthy individuals for 24 h to insulin. Although we did not find any changes in expression of metabolic genes that are regulated by insulin in non-immune cells, chronic exposure to insulin increased LPS-induced TNFα production and enhanced MCP-1-directed migration. Supporting this observation, we identified a positive correlation between plasma insulin levels and macrophage numbers in adipose tissue of overweight individuals. Altogether, insulin acutely activates metabolism of human monocytes and induces a shift toward a more proinflammatory phenotype, which may contribute to chronic inflammation in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Ratter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia I P van Heck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne M M Rooijackers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pleun C M van Poppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lichota A, Szewczyk EM, Gwozdzinski K. Factors Affecting the Formation and Treatment of Thrombosis by Natural and Synthetic Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7975. [PMID: 33121005 PMCID: PMC7663413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), whose consequence may be a pulmonary embolism (PE). Thrombosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is the third most common cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction and stroke. DVT is associated with the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein in the body. Thrombosis promotes slowed blood flow, hypoxia, cell activation, and the associated release of many active substances involved in blood clot formation. All thrombi which adhere to endothelium consist of fibrin, platelets, and trapped red and white blood cells. In this review, we summarise the impact of various factors affecting haemostatic disorders leading to blood clot formation. The paper discusses the causes of thrombosis, the mechanism of blood clot formation, and factors such as hypoxia, the involvement of endothelial cells (ECs), and the activation of platelets and neutrophils along with the effects of bacteria and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mechanisms related to the action of anticoagulants affecting coagulation factors including antiplatelet drugs have also been discussed. However, many aspects related to the pathogenesis of thrombosis still need to be clarified. A review of the drugs used to treat and prevent thrombosis and natural anticoagulants that occur in the plant world and are traditionally used in Far Eastern medicine has also been carried out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lichota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-235 Lodz, Poland; (A.L.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Eligia M. Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-235 Lodz, Poland; (A.L.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
l -Carnitine ameliorates the oxidative stress response to angiotensin II by modulating NADPH oxidase through a reduction in protein kinase c activity and NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Food Chem 2017; 228:356-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
6
|
Cervantes Gracia K, Llanas-Cornejo D, Husi H. CVD and Oxidative Stress. J Clin Med 2017; 6:E22. [PMID: 28230726 PMCID: PMC5332926 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is known that oxidative stress plays at least two roles within the cell, the generation of cellular damage and the involvement in several signaling pathways in its balanced normal state. So far, a substantial amount of time and effort has been expended in the search for a clear link between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the effects of oxidative stress. Here, we present an overview of the different sources and types of reactive oxygen species in CVD, highlight the relationship between CVD and oxidative stress and discuss the most prominent molecules that play an important role in CVD pathophysiology. Details are given regarding common pharmacological treatments used for cardiovascular distress and how some of them are acting upon ROS-related pathways and molecules. Novel therapies, recently proposed ROS biomarkers, as well as future challenges in the field are addressed. It is apparent that the search for a better understanding of how ROS are contributing to the pathophysiology of CVD is far from over, and new approaches and more suitable biomarkers are needed for the latter to be accomplished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Cervantes Gracia
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Daniel Llanas-Cornejo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Holger Husi
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma MW, Wang J, Zhang Q, Wang R, Dhandapani KM, Vadlamudi RK, Brann DW. NADPH oxidase in brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:7. [PMID: 28095923 PMCID: PMC5240251 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, as well as in ischemic and traumatic brain injury. The brain is highly vulnerable to oxidative damage due to its high metabolic demand. However, therapies attempting to scavenge free radicals have shown little success. By shifting the focus to inhibit the generation of damaging free radicals, recent studies have identified NADPH oxidase as a major contributor to disease pathology. NADPH oxidase has the primary function to generate free radicals. In particular, there is growing evidence that the isoforms NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 can be upregulated by a variety of neurodegenerative factors. The majority of recent studies have shown that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase enzymes are neuroprotective and able to reduce detrimental aspects of pathology following ischemic and traumatic brain injury, as well as in chronic neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to summarize evidence supporting the role of NADPH oxidase in the pathology of these neurological disorders, explores pharmacological strategies of targeting this major oxidative stress pathway, and outlines obstacles that need to be overcome for successful translation of these therapies to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merry W Ma
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Medical Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Castaneda OA, Lee SC, Ho CT, Huang TC. Macrophages in oxidative stress and models to evaluate the antioxidant function of dietary natural compounds. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:111-118. [PMID: 28911528 PMCID: PMC9333431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant testing of natural products has attracted increasing interest in recent years, mainly due to the fact that an antioxidant-rich diet might provide health benefits. Activated macrophages are a major source of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and peroxynitrite generated through the so-called respiratory burst. Constitutively released proinflammatory cytokine, especially tumor necrosis factor-α, triggers nuclear factor-κB, and activator protein-1 translocation leading to the over production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in macrophages. Activation of transcription factors in the long-lived tissue-resident macrophages and/or monocyte-derived macrophages, trigger epigenetic modifications leading to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Nutraceuticals including lipid raft structure disruption agent, cholesterol depletion agent, farnesyltransferase inhibitor, nuclear factor-κB blocker (α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds), glucocorticoid receptor agonist, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist have long been used to inactive macrophage. The inhibition effects on the formation of nitric oxide, superoxide, and nitrite peroxide may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory functionalities. Activated macrophage models could be used to identify the active components for functional diets development through a multiple targets strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omir Adrian Castaneda
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chi Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pingtung Branch, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tzou-Chi Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Saleh MM, Kamel MA, Youssef M, Tawfik SH, Dominguez H. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction: focus on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells. Endocrine 2015; 50:537-67. [PMID: 26271514 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous, multifactorial, chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia owing to insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance (IR). Recent epidemiological studies showed that the diabetes epidemic affects 382 million people worldwide in 2013, and this figure is expected to be 600 million people by 2035. Diabetes is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications resulting in accelerated endothelial dysfunction (ED), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately, the complex pathophysiology of diabetic cardiovascular damage is not fully understood. Therefore, there is a clear need to better understand the molecular pathophysiology of ED in diabetes, and consequently, better treatment options and novel efficacious therapies could be identified. In the light of recent extensive research, we re-investigate the association between diabetes-associated metabolic disturbances (IR, subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, dysregulated production of adipokines, defective incretin and gut hormones production/action, and oxidative stress) and ED, focusing on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In addition, we re-emphasize that oxidative stress is the final common pathway that transduces signals from other conditions-either directly or indirectly-leading to ED and CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mina Youssef
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shady H Tawfik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Helena Dominguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Inflammatory and fibrotic processes are involved in the cardiotoxic effect of sunitinib: Protective role of L-carnitine. Toxicol Lett 2015; 241:9-18. [PMID: 26581635 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sunitinib (Su) is currently approved for treatment of several malignances. However, along with the benefits of disease stabilization, cardiovascular toxicities have also been increasingly recognized. The aim of this study was to analyze which mechanisms are involved in the cardiotoxicity caused by Su, as well as to explore the potential cardioprotective effects of l-carnitine (LC). To this end, four groups of Wistar rats were used: (1) control; (2) rats treated with 400mg LC/kg/day; (3) rats treated with 25mg Su/kg/day; and (4) rats treated with LC+Su simultaneously. In addition, cultured rat cardiomyocytes were treated with an inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), in order to examine the role of this transcription factor in this process. An elevation in the myocardial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, together with an increase in the mRNA expression of NF-κB, was observed in Su-treated rats. These results were accompanied by an increase in the expression of pro-fibrotic factors, nitrotyrosine and NOX 2 subunit of NADPH oxidase; and by a decrease in that of collagen degradation factor. Higher blood pressure and heart rate levels were also found in Su-treated rats. All these alterations were inhibited by co-administration of LC. Furthermore, cardiotoxic effects of Su were blocked by NF-κB inhibition. Our results suggest that: (i) inflammatory and fibrotic processes are involved in the cardiac toxicity observed following treatment with Su; (ii) these processes might be mediated by the transcription factor NF-κB; (iii) LC exerts a protective effect against arterial hypertension, cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, which are all observed after Su treatment.
Collapse
|
11
|
Madrigal-Matute J, Fernandez-Garcia CE, Blanco-Colio LM, Burillo E, Fortuño A, Martinez-Pinna R, Llamas-Granda P, Beloqui O, Egido J, Zalba G, Martin-Ventura JL. Thioredoxin-1/peroxiredoxin-1 as sensors of oxidative stress mediated by NADPH oxidase activity in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:352-61. [PMID: 26117319 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To assess the potential association between TRX-1/PRX-1 and NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity in vivo and in vitro, TRX-1/PRX-1 levels were assessed by ELISA in 84 asymptomatic subjects with known phagocytic NADPH oxidase activity and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). We found a positive correlation between TRX-1/PRX-1 and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production (r=0.48 and 0.47; p<0.001 for both) and IMT (r=0.31 and 0.36; p<0.01 for both) adjusted by age and sex. Moreover, asymptomatic subjects with plaques have higher PRX-1 and TRX plasma levels (p<0.01 for both). These data were confirmed in a second study in which patients with carotid atherosclerosis showed higher PRX-1 and TRX plasma levels than healthy subjects (p<0.001 for both). In human atherosclerotic plaques, the NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox colocalized with TRX-1/PRX-1 in macrophages (immunohistochemistry). In monocytes and macrophages, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced NADPH activation and TRX-1/PRX-1 release to the extracellular medium, with a concomitant decrease in their intracellular levels, which was reversed by the NADPH inhibitor apocynin (Western blot). In loss-of-function experiments, genetic silencing of the NADPH oxidase subunit Nox2 blocked PMA-induced intracellular TRX-1/PRX-1 downregulation in macrophages. Furthermore, the PMA-induced release of TRX-1/PRX-1 involves the modulation of their redox status and exosome-like vesicles. TRX-1/PRX-1 levels are associated with NADPH oxidase-activity in vivo and in vitro. These data could suggest a coordinated antioxidant response to oxidative stress in atherothrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Burillo
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fortuño
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roxana Martinez-Pinna
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Llamas-Granda
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Beloqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesus Egido
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Luis Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Laboratory, ISS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uitz E, Bahadori B, McCarty MF, Moghadasian MH. Practical strategies for modulating foam cell formation and behavior. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:497-506. [PMID: 25325059 PMCID: PMC4198401 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i10.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although high density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport is crucial to the prevention and reversal of atheroma, a recent meta-analysis makes evident that current pharmaceutical strategies for modulating HDL cholesterol levels lower cardiovascular risk only to the extent that they concurrently decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This corresponds well with findings of a recent Mendelian randomization analysis, in which genetic polymorphisms associated with HDL cholesterol but no other known cardiovascular risk factors failed to predict risk for myocardial infarction. Although it is still seems appropriate to search for therapies that could improve the efficiency with which HDL particles induce reverse cholesterol transport, targeting HDL cholesterol levels per se with current measures appears to be futile. It may therefore be more promising to promote reverse cholesterol transport with agents that directly target foam cells. Macrophage expression of the cholesterol transport proteins adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G1, and scavenger receptor class B member 1 is transcriptionally up-regulated by activated liver X receptors (LXR), whereas nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB antagonizes their expression. Taurine, which inhibits atherogenesis in rodent studies, has just been discovered to act as a weak agonist for LXRalpha. Conversely, it may be possible to oppose NF-kappaB activation in macrophages with a range of measures. Induction of heme oxygenase-1, which can be attained with phase 2 inducer phytochemicals such as lipoic acid and green tea catechins, promotes reverse cholesterol transport in macrophages and inhibits atherogenesis in rodents, likely due to, in large part, NF-kappaB antagonism. Inhibition of macrophage nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity with the spirulina-derived bilirubin-mimetic phycocyanobilin may also oppose NF-kappaB activation, and salicylic acid similarly should be useful for this purpose. The 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activator berberine promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in cell culture; metformin probably shares this property. Many of these measures could also be expected to promote plaque stability by suppressing foam cell production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, and to reduce intimal monocyte infiltration by anti-inflammatory effects on vascular endothelium. Direct targeting of foam cells with agents such as phase 2 inducers, spirulina, salicylate, taurine, and berberine or metformin, may hence have considerable potential for preventing and reversing atheroma, and for preventing the plaque rupture that triggers vascular thrombosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zou X, Xu J, Yao S, Li J, Yang Y, Yang L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1348-58. [PMID: 24951501 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.079012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes limits the contractile efficiency of the heart during sepsis. Prosurvival autophagy has been proposed as a novel mechanism to maintain normal heart function. Here, we demonstrated that autophagy was activated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated HL-1 cells, and it counteracted the LPS-induced apoptosis. We investigated further the mechanism by which LPS triggered autophagy in HL-1 cells. We discovered that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress played an important role in LPS-triggered autophagy. The ER activated a survival pathway through the ER-localized transmembrane protein PERK, which was essential for LPS-induced autophagy. Lipopolysaccharide increased expression of GRP78, phosphorylated PERK and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α. Similar results were observed after administration of tunicamycin, a well-known ER stressor. Most importantly, we found that 4-phenylbutyrate, an inhibitor of ER stress, suppressed LPS-activated autophagy in the presence of LPS in HL-1 cells. The same results were observed after small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of PERK protein. We also noticed that LPS-induced apoptosis appeared early, at 4 h. Our findings revealed that PERK, one arm of ER stress, facilitated survival of LPS-treated HL-1 cells by promoting autophagy, and could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate septic myocardial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China Department of Anesthesiology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Contreras-Ferrat A, Llanos P, Vásquez C, Espinosa A, Osorio-Fuentealba C, Arias-Calderon M, Lavandero S, Klip A, Hidalgo C, Jaimovich E. Insulin elicits a ROS-activated and an IP₃-dependent Ca²⁺ release, which both impinge on GLUT4 translocation. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1911-23. [PMID: 24569874 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.138982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling includes generation of low levels of H2O2; however, its origin and contribution to insulin-stimulated glucose transport are unknown. We tested the impact of H2O2 on insulin-dependent glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells. H2O2 increased the translocation of GLUT4 with an exofacial Myc-epitope tag between the first and second transmembrane domains (GLUT4myc), an effect additive to that of insulin. The anti-oxidants N-acetyl L-cysteine and Trolox, the p47(phox)-NOX2 NADPH oxidase inhibitory peptide gp91-ds-tat or p47(phox) knockdown each reduced insulin-dependent GLUT4myc translocation. Importantly, gp91-ds-tat suppressed insulin-dependent H2O2 production. A ryanodine receptor (RyR) channel agonist stimulated GLUT4myc translocation and insulin stimulated RyR1-mediated Ca(2+) release by promoting RyR1 S-glutathionylation. This pathway acts in parallel to insulin-mediated stimulation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-activated Ca(2+) channels, in response to activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and its downstream target phospholipase C, resulting in Ca(2+) transfer to the mitochondria. An inhibitor of IP3 receptors, Xestospongin B, reduced both insulin-dependent IP3 production and GLUT4myc translocation. We propose that, in addition to the canonical α,β phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to Akt pathway, insulin engages both RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release and IP3-receptor-mediated mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, and that these signals jointly stimulate glucose uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Contreras-Ferrat
- Centro de estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chunhua L, Donglan L, Xiuqiong F, Lihua Z, Qin F, Yawei L, Liang Z, Ge W, Linlin J, Ping Z, Kun L, Xuegang S. Apigenin up-regulates transgelin and inhibits invasion and migration of colorectal cancer through decreased phosphorylation of AKT. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1766-75. [PMID: 23773626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Apigenin is a flavonoid that possesses various clinically relevant properties such as anti-tumour, anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory activities. Our results showed that apigenin has anti-proliferation, anti-invasion and anti-migration effects in three kinds of colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines, namely SW480, DLD-1 and LS174T. Proteomic analysis with SW480 indicated that apigenin up-regulated the expression of transgelin (TAGLN) in mitochondria to exert its anti-tumour growth and anti-metastasis effects. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) and western blot confirm the up-regulation in all the three colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. An inverse correlation was observed between TAGLN expression and CRC metastasis in tissue microarray staining. TAGLN siRNA increased the viability of SW480. Apigenin decreased the expression of MMP-9 in a dose-dependent manner. Transfection of three truncated forms of TAGLN and wild type has identified TAGLN as a repressor of MMP-9 expression. A synergetic effect was observed in overexpression of TAGLN wild type and apigenin treatment which manifested as lowered phosphorylation of AKT Ser473 and ATK Thr308. In an orthotopic CRC model, apigenin inhibited tumour growth and metastasis to liver and lung. In conclusion, our research provided direct evidence that apigenin inhibited tumour growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Apigenin up-regulated TAGLN and hence down-regulated MMP-9 expression through decreasing phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 and in particular Thr308 to prevent cell proliferation and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chunhua
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Taishan People's Hospital, Taishan 529200, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schmudde I, Laumonnier Y, Köhl J. Anaphylatoxins coordinate innate and adaptive immune responses in allergic asthma. Semin Immunol 2013; 25:2-11. [PMID: 23694705 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic disease of the airways in which maladaptive Th2 and Th17 immune responses drive airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation and mucus overproduction. Airway epithelial and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells in concert with different resident and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) play critical roles in allergen sensing and consecutive activation of TH cells and their differentiation toward TH2 and TH17 effector or regulatory T cells (Treg). Further, myeloid-derived regulatory cells (MDRC) act on TH cells and either suppress or enhance their activation. The complement-derived anaphylatoxins (AT) C3a and C5a are generated during initial antigen encounter and regulate the development of maladaptive immunity at allergen sensitization. Here, we will review the complex role of ATs in activation and modulation of different DC populations, MDRCs and CD4⁺ TH cells. We will also discuss the potential impact of ATs on the regulation of the pulmonary stromal compartment as an important means to regulate DC functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inken Schmudde
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Othman EM, Kreissl MC, Kaiser FR, Arias-Loza PA, Stopper H. Insulin-mediated oxidative stress and DNA damage in LLC-PK1 pig kidney cell line, female rat primary kidney cells, and male ZDF rat kidneys in vivo. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1434-43. [PMID: 23456362 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia, a condition with excessively high insulin blood levels, is related to an increased cancer incidence. Diabetes mellitus is the most common of several diseases accompanied by hyperinsulinemia. Because an elevated kidney cancer risk was reported for diabetic patients, we investigated the induction of genomic damage by insulin in LLC-PK1 pig kidney cells, rat primary kidney cells, and ZDF rat kidneys. Insulin at a concentration of 5nM caused a significant increase in DNA damage in vitro. This was associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the presence of antioxidants, blockers of the insulin, and IGF-I receptors, and a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, the insulin-mediated DNA damage was reduced. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) was increased and p53 accumulated. Inhibition of the mitochondrial and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase oxidase-related ROS production reduced the insulin-mediated damage. In primary rat cells, insulin also induced genomic damage. In kidneys from healthy, lean ZDF rats, which were infused with insulin to yield normal or high blood insulin levels, while keeping blood glucose levels constant, the amounts of ROS and the tumor protein (p53) were elevated in the high-insulin group compared with the control level group. ROS and p53 were also elevated in diabetic obese ZDF rats. Overall, insulin-induced oxidative stress resulted in genomic damage. If the same mechanisms are active in patients, hyperinsulinemia might cause genomic damage through the induction of ROS contributing to the increased cancer risk, against which the use of antioxidants and/or ROS production inhibitors might exert protective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Maher Othman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Insulin mediated DNA damage in mammalian colon cells and human lymphocytes in vitro. Mutat Res 2013; 745-746:34-9. [PMID: 23524287 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia, the medical term for elevated insulin blood levels, is characteristic for several diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Studies reported a direct relationship between hyperinsulinemia and cancer risk, especially for colon cancer. In the present work we investigated for the first time the ability of pathophysiological concentrations of insulin to induce DNA damage in colon cells and human peripheral lymphocytes through the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT29) showed significant elevation of DNA damage using comet assay, FPG modified comet assay and micronucleus frequency analysis upon treatment with 5nM insulin in standard protocols. Extension of the treatment to 6 days lowered the concentration needed to reach significance to 0.5nM. Insulin enhanced the cellular ROS production as examined by the oxidation of the dyes 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA) and dihydroethidium (DHE). The radical scavenger tempol protected the cells. To investigate the sources of ROS upon insulin stimulation, apocynin and VAS2870 as NADPH oxidase inhibitors and rotenone as mitochondrial inhibitor were applied in combination with insulin, all of them leading to a reduction of the genomic damage. Studies in another human colon cancer cell line, Caco-2, rat primary colon cells and peripheral human lymphocytes treated in vitro all confirmed the effect of insulin on cellular chromatin. We conclude that pathophysiological levels of insulin can cause DNA damage, which may contribute to the induction or progression of colon cancer. Antioxidants as well as mitochondrial and NADPH oxidase inhibitors may have a cancer preventive potential under certain conditions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cosentino-Gomes D, Rocco-Machado N, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Cell signaling through protein kinase C oxidation and activation. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10697-10721. [PMID: 23109817 PMCID: PMC3472709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130910697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the growing importance of cellular signaling mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), proteins that are reversibly modulated by these reactant molecules are of high interest. In this context, protein kinases and phosphatases, which act coordinately in the regulation of signal transduction through the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of target proteins, have been described to be key elements in ROS-mediated signaling events. The major mechanism by which these proteins may be modified by oxidation involves the presence of key redox-sensitive cysteine residues. Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in a variety of cellular signaling pathways. These proteins have been shown to contain a unique structural feature that is susceptible to oxidative modification. A large number of scientific studies have highlighted the importance of ROS as a second messenger in numerous cellular processes, including cell proliferation, gene expression, adhesion, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis. In this context, the goal of this review is to discuss the mechanisms by which PKCs are modulated by ROS and how these processes are involved in the cellular response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cosentino-Gomes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.R.-M.); (J.R.M.-F.)
- Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-6781; Fax: +55-21-2270-8647
| | - Nathália Rocco-Machado
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.R.-M.); (J.R.M.-F.)
- Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.R.-M.); (J.R.M.-F.)
- Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Avances en la etiopatogenia de la hipertensión arterial: actualización en la investigación preclínica. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation reduces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats by interfering with oxidative stress. J Hypertens 2012; 30:315-26. [PMID: 22179086 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834f043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hypertension is associated with increased plasma inflammatory markers such as cytokines and increased vascular cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. The ability of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists to reduce oxidative stress seems to contribute to their anti-inflammatory properties. This study analyzes the effect of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, on interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 expression and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats stimulated with interleukin-1β (10 ng/ml, 24 h) were used. Interleukin-1β increased: 1) COX-2 protein and mRNA levels; 2) protein and mRNA levels of the NADPH oxidase subunit NOX-1, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production; and 3) phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκB) kinase (IKK) nuclear expression of the p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit and cell proliferation, all of which were reduced by apocynin (30 μmol/l). Interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 expression was reduced by apocynin, tempol (10 μmol/l), catalase (1000 U/ml) and lactacystin (5 μmol/l). Moreover, H2O2 (50 μmol/l, 90 min) induced COX-2 expression, which was reduced by lactacystin. Pioglitazone (10 μmol/l) reduced the effects of interleukin-1β on: 1) COX-2 protein and mRNA levels; 2) NOX-1 protein and mRNA levels, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production; and 3) p-IKK, p65 expressions and cell proliferation. Pioglitazone also reduced the H2O2-induced COX-2 expression and increased Cu/Zn and Mn-superoxide dismutase protein expression. PPARγ small interfering RNA (5 nmol/l) further increased interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 and NOX-1 mRNA levels. In addition, pioglitazone increased the interleukin-1β-induced PPARγ mRNA levels. CONCLUSION PPARγ activation with pioglitazone reduces interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 expression by interference with the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB.
Collapse
|
22
|
Amanso AM, Griendling KK. Differential roles of NADPH oxidases in vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2012; 4:1044-64. [PMID: 22202108 DOI: 10.2741/s317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by all vascular cells and regulate the major physiological functions of the vasculature. Production and removal of ROS are tightly controlled and occur in discrete subcellular locations, allowing for specific, compartmentalized signaling. Among the many sources of ROS in the vessel wall, NADPH oxidases are implicated in physiological functions such as control of vasomotor tone, regulation of extracellular matrix and phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells. They are involved in the response to injury, whether as an oxygen sensor during hypoxia, as a regulator of protein processing, as an angiogenic stimulus, or as a mechanism of wound healing. These enzymes have also been linked to processes leading to disease development, including migration, proliferation, hypertrophy, apoptosis and autophagy. As a result, NADPH oxidases participate in atherogenesis, systemic and pulmonary hypertension and diabetic vascular disease. The role of ROS in each of these processes and diseases is complex, and a more full understanding of the sources, targets, cell-specific responses and counterbalancing mechanisms is critical for the rational development of future therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M Amanso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Deshane J, Zmijewski JW, Luther R, Gaggar A, Deshane R, Lai JF, Xu X, Spell M, Estell K, Weaver CT, Abraham E, Schwiebert LM, Chaplin DD. Free radical-producing myeloid-derived regulatory cells: potent activators and suppressors of lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Mucosal Immunol 2011; 4:503-18. [PMID: 21471960 PMCID: PMC3694614 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2011.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Levels of reactive free radicals are elevated in the airway during asthmatic exacerbations, but their roles in the pathophysiology of asthma remain unclear. We have identified subsets of myeloid-derived suppressor-like cells as key sources of nitric oxide and superoxide in the lungs of mice with evolving experimental allergic airway inflammation and established these cells as master regulators of the airway inflammatory response. The profiles of free radicals they produced depended on expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. These radicals controlled the pro- and anti-inflammatory potential of these cells, and also regulated the reciprocal pattern of their infiltration into the lung. The nitric oxide-producing cells were Ly-6C(+)Ly-6G(-) and they downmodulated T-cell activation, recruited T(reg) cells, and dramatically downregulated antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. The superoxide-producing cells were Ly-6C(-)Ly-6G(+) and they expressed proinflammatory activities, exacerbating airway hyperresponsiveness in a superoxide-dependent fashion. A smaller population of Ly-6C(+)Ly-6G(+) cells also suppressed T-cell responses, but in an iNOS- and arginase-independent fashion. These regulatory myeloid cells represent important targets for asthma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Deshane
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
,Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jaroslaw W. Zmijewski
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
,Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Rita Luther
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
,Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Rohit Deshane
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jen-Feng Lai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Marion Spell
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
,Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kim Estell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Edward Abraham
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
,Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Lisa M. Schwiebert
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
,Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - David D. Chaplin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
,Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
,Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Robador PA, San José G, Rodríguez C, Guadall A, Moreno MU, Beaumont J, Fortuño A, Díez J, Martínez-González J, Zalba G. HIF-1-mediated up-regulation of cardiotrophin-1 is involved in the survival response of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:247-55. [PMID: 21771897 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a cytokine of the interleukin-6 superfamily which is up-regulated in cardiac diseases, in part via hypoxia-dependent mechanisms. However, no evidence for a direct regulation of CT-1 gene (CTF1) promoter by hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has been provided. METHODS AND RESULTS Hypoxia increased CT-1 mRNA levels in the murine adult cardiomyocyte cell line HL-1 in a time-dependent manner. Interestingly, in a murine model (C57BL/6), we show that systemic hypoxia also significantly up-regulated CT-1 in myocardial tissue. The effect of hypoxia on CT-1 expression was mediated through a transcriptional mechanism, since hypoxia increased luciferase activity of constructs containing CTF1 promoter sequences. The increase in CT-1 levels was significantly reduced by drugs that prevent calcium mobilization, such as lercanidipine, or that inhibit the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway (wortmannin) or mammalian target of rapamycin (rapamycin). The CT-1 elevation was similarly induced by HIF-1α over-expression in co-transfection experiments and prevented by HIF-1α silencing. The direct interaction of HIF-1α with the CTF1 promoter was confirmed through site-directed mutagenesis of hypoxia response elements, electrophoreric mobility shift, and ChIP assays. Hypoxia induced HL-1 apoptosis (measured as annexin-V binding or caspase 3/7 activity) which was increased when CT-1 was silenced in knocked-down cells by lentiviral vectors. CONCLUSION Hypoxia increased CT-1 levels in cardiac cells (in vitro and in vivo) through a direct regulation of CTF1 promoter by HIF-1α. This CT-1 activation by hypoxia may protect cells from apoptosis, thus supporting a protective role for CT-1 as a survival factor for cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Robador
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avda. Pío XII 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tabet F, Lambert G, Cuesta Torres LF, Hou L, Sotirchos I, Touyz RM, Jenkins AJ, Barter PJ, Rye KA. Lipid-Free Apolipoprotein A-I and Discoidal Reconstituted High-Density Lipoproteins Differentially Inhibit Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1192-200. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.222000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, in the lipid-free form or as a constituent of discoidal reconstituted high-density lipoproteins ([A-I]rHDL), inhibits high-glucose–induced redox signaling in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM).
Methods and Results—
HMDM were incubated under normal (5.8 mmol/L) or high-glucose (25 mmol/L) conditions with native high-density lipoproteins (HDL) lipid-free apoA-I from normal subjects and from subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or (A-I)rHDL. Superoxide (O
2
−
) production was measured using dihydroethidium fluorescence. NADPH oxidase activity was assessed using lucigenin-derived chemiluminescence and a cyotochrome
c
assay. p47phox translocation to the plasma membrane, Nox2, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and SOD2 mRNA and protein levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Native HDL induced a time-dependent inhibition of O
2
−
generation in HMDM incubated with 25 mmol/L glucose. Lipid-free apoA-I and (A-I)rHDL increased SOD1 and SOD2 levels and attenuated 25 mmol/L glucose-mediated increases in cellular O
2
−
, NADPH oxidase activity, p47 translocation, and Nox2 expression. Lipid-free apoA-I mediated its effects on Nox2, SOD1, and SOD2 via ABCA1. (A-I)rHDL-mediated effects were via ABCG1 and scavenger receptor BI. Lipid-free apoA-I from subjects with T2D inhibited reactive oxygen species generation less efficiently than normal apoA-I.
Conclusion—
Native HDL, lipid-free apoA-I and (A-I)rHDL inhibit high-glucose–induced redox signaling in HMDM. The antioxidant properties of apoA-I are attenuated in T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Tabet
- From the Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (F.T., G.L., L.F.C.T., L.H., I.S., P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U957, Nantes, France (G.L.); Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.T.); Department of Medicine, University of
| | - Gilles Lambert
- From the Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (F.T., G.L., L.F.C.T., L.H., I.S., P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U957, Nantes, France (G.L.); Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.T.); Department of Medicine, University of
| | - Luisa F. Cuesta Torres
- From the Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (F.T., G.L., L.F.C.T., L.H., I.S., P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U957, Nantes, France (G.L.); Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.T.); Department of Medicine, University of
| | - Liming Hou
- From the Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (F.T., G.L., L.F.C.T., L.H., I.S., P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U957, Nantes, France (G.L.); Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.T.); Department of Medicine, University of
| | - Irene Sotirchos
- From the Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (F.T., G.L., L.F.C.T., L.H., I.S., P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U957, Nantes, France (G.L.); Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.T.); Department of Medicine, University of
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- From the Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (F.T., G.L., L.F.C.T., L.H., I.S., P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U957, Nantes, France (G.L.); Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.T.); Department of Medicine, University of
| | - Alicia J. Jenkins
- From the Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (F.T., G.L., L.F.C.T., L.H., I.S., P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U957, Nantes, France (G.L.); Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.T.); Department of Medicine, University of
| | - Philip J. Barter
- From the Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (F.T., G.L., L.F.C.T., L.H., I.S., P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U957, Nantes, France (G.L.); Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.T.); Department of Medicine, University of
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- From the Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (F.T., G.L., L.F.C.T., L.H., I.S., P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.J.B., K.-A.R.); Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U957, Nantes, France (G.L.); Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.T.); Department of Medicine, University of
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aggeli IK, Theofilatos D, Beis I, Gaitanaki C. Insulin-induced oxidative stress up-regulates heme oxygenase-1 via diverse signaling cascades in the C2 skeletal myoblast cell line. Endocrinology 2011; 152:1274-83. [PMID: 21325398 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Impaired insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance) is a common denominator in many metabolic disorders, exerting pleiotropic effects on skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue function. Heme oxygenase-1 (HOX-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, has recently been shown to confer an antidiabetic effect while regulating cellular redox-buffering capacity. Therefore, in the present study, we probed into the mechanisms underlying the effect of insulin on HOX-1 in C2 skeletal myoblasts. Hence, insulin was found to suppress C2 myoblasts viability via stimulation of oxidative stress, with HOX-1 counteracting this action. Insulin induced HOX-1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner, an effect attenuated by selective inhibitors of ERK1/2 (PD98059), Src (4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine), and c-Jun terminal kinases 1 and 2 (SP600125) pathways. Furthermore, nuclear factor-κB role in insulin-induced HOX-1 up-regulation was verified, with ERK1/2, Src, and c-Jun terminal kinases 1 and 2 mediating p65-nuclear factor-κB subunit phosphorylation. Overall, our novel findings highlight for the first time the transduction mechanisms mediating HOX-1 induction in insulin-treated C2 myoblasts. This effect was established to be cell type specific because insulin failed to promote HOX-1 expression in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Deciphering the signaling networks involved in insulin-stimulated HOX-1 up-regulation is of prominent significance because it may potentially contribute to elucidation of the mechanisms involved in associated metabolic pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna-Katerina Aggeli
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, School of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilissia, Athens 157 84 Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Banerjee D, Bhattacharyya R, Kaul D, Sharma P. Diabetes and tuberculosis. Adv Clin Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385855-9.00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
Zhao Y, McLaughlin D, Robinson E, Harvey AP, Hookham MB, Shah AM, McDermott BJ, Grieve DJ. Nox2 NADPH oxidase promotes pathologic cardiac remodeling associated with Doxorubicin chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9287-97. [PMID: 20884632 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a highly effective cancer treatment whose use is severely limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. It is well established that doxorubicin increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In this study, we investigated contributions to doxorubicin cardiotoxicity from Nox2 NADPH oxidase, an important ROS source in cardiac cells, which is known to modulate several key processes underlying the myocardial response to injury. Nox2-deficient mice (Nox2-/-) and wild-type (WT) controls were injected with doxorubicin (12 mg/kg) or vehicle and studied 8 weeks later. Echocardiography indicated that doxorubicin-induced contractile dysfunction was attenuated in Nox2-/- versus WT mice (fractional shortening: 29.5±1.4 versus 25.7±1.0%; P<0.05). Similarly, in vivo pressure-volume analysis revealed that systolic and diastolic function was preserved in doxorubicin-treated Nox2-/- versus WT mice (ejection fraction: 52.6±2.5 versus 28.5±2.3%, LVdP/dtmin: -8,379±416 versus -5,198±527 mmHg s(-1); end-diastolic pressure-volume relation: 0.051±0.009 versus 0.114±0.012; P<0.001). Furthermore, in response to doxorubicin, Nox2-/- mice exhibited less myocardial atrophy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis, together with reduced increases in profibrotic gene expression (procollagen IIIαI, transforming growth factor-β3, and connective tissue growth factor) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, versus WT controls. These alterations were associated with beneficial changes in NADPH oxidase activity, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and inflammatory cell infiltration. We found that adverse effects of doxorubicin were attenuated by acute or chronic treatment with the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, which is commonly used to reduce blood pressure. Our findings suggest that ROS specifically derived from Nox2 NADPH oxidase make a substantial contribution to several key processes underlying development of cardiac contractile dysfunction and remodeling associated with doxorubicin chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Zhao
- Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Manea A, Tanase LI, Raicu M, Simionescu M. Transcriptional regulation of NADPH oxidase isoforms, Nox1 and Nox4, by nuclear factor-kappaB in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:901-7. [PMID: 20457132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-induced changes in the activity and expression of NADPH oxidases (Nox) play a key role in atherogenesis. The molecular mechanisms of Nox regulation are scantily elucidated. Since nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) controls the expression of many genes associated to inflammation-related diseases, in this study we have investigated the role of NF-kappaB signaling in the regulation of Nox1 and Nox4 transcription in human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Cultured cells were exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), a potent inducer of both Nox and NF-kappaB, up to 24h. Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence and dichlorofluorescein assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis showed that inhibition of NF-kappaB pathway reduced significantly the TNFalpha-dependent up-regulation of Nox-derived reactive oxygen species production, Nox1 and Nox4 expression. In silico analysis indicated the existence of typical NF-kappaB elements in the promoters of Nox1 and Nox4. Transient overexpression of p65/NF-kappaB significantly increased the promoter activities of both isoforms. Physical interaction of p65/NF-kappaB proteins with the predicted sites was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. These findings demonstrate that NF-kappaB is an essential regulator of Nox1- and Nox4-containing NADPH oxidase in SMCs. Elucidation of the complex relationships between NF-kappaB and Nox enzymes may lead to a novel pharmacological strategy to reduce both inflammation and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and its associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Manea
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology Nicolae Simionescu, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, Bucharest, P.O. Box 35-14, Romania.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mauer J, Chaurasia B, Plum L, Quast T, Hampel B, Blüher M, Kolanus W, Kahn CR, Brüning JC. Myeloid cell-restricted insulin receptor deficiency protects against obesity-induced inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1000938. [PMID: 20463885 PMCID: PMC2865520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major component of obesity-related insulin resistance is the establishment of a chronic inflammatory state with invasion of white adipose tissue by mononuclear cells. This results in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn leads to insulin resistance in target tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver. To determine the role of insulin action in macrophages and monocytes in obesity-associated insulin resistance, we conditionally inactivated the insulin receptor (IR) gene in myeloid lineage cells in mice (IR(Deltamyel)-mice). While these animals exhibit unaltered glucose metabolism on a normal diet, they are protected from the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance upon high fat feeding. Euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp studies demonstrate that this results from decreased basal hepatic glucose production and from increased insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, IR(Deltamyel)-mice exhibit decreased concentrations of circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and thus reduced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity in skeletal muscle upon high fat feeding, reflecting a dramatic reduction of the chronic and systemic low-grade inflammatory state associated with obesity. This is paralleled by a reduced accumulation of macrophages in white adipose tissue due to a pronounced impairment of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 expression and activity in these cells. These data indicate that insulin action in myeloid cells plays an unexpected, critical role in the regulation of macrophage invasion into white adipose tissue and in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mauer
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bhagirath Chaurasia
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Leona Plum
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Molecular Immune and Cell Biology Unit, Life and Medical Science Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany
| | - Brigitte Hampel
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immune and Cell Biology Unit, Life and Medical Science Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jens C. Brüning
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Second Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Role of NADPH oxidase‐2 in lipopolysaccharide‐induced matrix metalloproteinase expression and cell migration. Immunol Cell Biol 2009; 88:197-204. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2009.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
32
|
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were seen as destructive molecules, but recently, they have been shown also to act as second messengers in varying intracellular signaling pathways. This review concentrates on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as it is a more stable ROS, and delineates its role as a survival molecule. In the first part, the production of H2O2 through the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family is investigated. Through careful examination of Nox proteins and their regulation, it is determined how they respond to stress and how this can be prosurvival rather than prodeath. The pathways on which H2O2 acts to enable its prosurvival function are then examined in greater detail. The main survival pathways are kinase driven, and oxidation of cysteines in the active sites of various phosphatases can thus regulate those survival pathways. Regulation of transcription factors such as p53, NF-kappaB, and AP-1 also are reviewed. Finally, prodeath proteins such as caspases could be directly inhibited through their cysteine residues. A better understanding of the prosurvival role of H2O2 in cells, from the why and how it is generated to the various molecules it can affect, will allow more precise targeting of therapeutics to this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Groeger
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Manea A, Tanase LI, Raicu M, Simionescu M. Jak/STAT signaling pathway regulates nox1 and nox4-based NADPH oxidase in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 30:105-12. [PMID: 19834108 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.193896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress mediated by Nox1- and Nox4-based NADPH oxidase (Nox) plays a key role in vascular diseases. The molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of Nox are not entirely elucidated. Because JAK/STAT regulates many genes linked to inflammation, cell proliferation, and differentiation, we questioned whether this pathway is involved in the regulation of Nox1 and Nox4 in human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS AND RESULTS Cultured SMCs were exposed to interferon gamma (IFNgamma) for 24 hours. Using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence and dihydroethidium assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis, we found that JAK/STAT inhibitors significantly diminished the IFNgamma-dependent upregulation of Nox activity, Nox1 and Nox4 expression. In silico analysis revealed the presence of highly conserved GAS elements within human Nox1, Nox4, p22phox, p47phox, and p67phox promoters. Transient overexpression of STAT1/STAT3 augmented the promoter activities of each subunit. JAK/STAT blockade reduced the Nox subunits transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated the physical interaction of STAT1/STAT3 proteins with the predicted GAS elements from Nox1 and Nox4 promoters. CONCLUSIONS JAK/STAT is a key regulator of Nox1 and Nox4 in human vascular SMCs. Inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway and the consequent Nox-dependent oxidative stress may be an efficient therapeutic strategy to reduce atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Manea
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu," 8, BP Hasdeu St, Bucharest, PO Box 35-14, Romania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|