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Fernández-Tocino M, Pun-Garcia A, Gómez M, Clemente-Moragón A, Oliver E, Villena-Gutierrez R, Trigo-Anca S, Díaz-Guerra A, Sanz-Rosa D, Prados B, Del Campo L, Andrés V, Fuster V, de la Pompa JL, Cádiz L, Ibañez B. β3-Adrenergic receptor overexpression in cardiomyocytes preconditions mitochondria to withstand ischemia-reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:773-794. [PMID: 39134663 PMCID: PMC11461581 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
β3-Adrenergic receptor (β3AR) agonists have been shown to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Since β3ARs are present both in cardiomyocytes and in endothelial cells, the cellular compartment responsible for this protection has remained unknown. Using transgenic mice constitutively expressing the human β3AR (hβ3AR) in cardiomyocytes or in the endothelium on a genetic background of null endogenous β3AR expression, we show that only cardiomyocyte expression protects against IRI (45 min ischemia followed by reperfusion over 24 h). Infarct size was also limited after ischemia-reperfusion in mice with cardiomyocyte hβ3AR overexpression on top of endogenous β3AR expression. hβ3AR overexpression in these mice reduced IRI-induced cardiac fibrosis and improved long-term left ventricular systolic function. Cardiomyocyte-specific β3AR overexpression resulted in a baseline remodeling of the mitochondrial network, characterized by upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis and a downregulation of mitochondrial quality control (mitophagy), resulting in elevated numbers of small mitochondria with a depressed capacity for the generation of reactive oxygen species but improved capacity for ATP generation. These processes precondition cardiomyocyte mitochondria to be more resistant to IRI. Upon reperfusion, hearts with hβ3AR overexpression display a restoration in the mitochondrial quality control and a rapid activation of antioxidant responses. Strong protection against IRI was also observed in mice infected with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding hβ3AR under a cardiomyocyte-specific promoter. These results confirm the translational potential of increased cardiomyocyte β3AR expression, achieved either naturally through exercise or artificially through gene therapy approaches, to precondition the cardiomyocyte mitochondrial network to withstand future insults.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Mice
- Humans
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Male
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fernández-Tocino
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Pun-Garcia
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Clemente-Moragón
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Villena-Gutierrez
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Trigo-Anca
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Díaz-Guerra
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sanz-Rosa
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Europea de Madrid (UEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Prados
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Del Campo
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Fuster
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Cádiz
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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Jornayvaz FR, Gariani K, Somm E, Jaquet V, Bouzakri K, Szanto I. NADPH oxidases in healthy white adipose tissue and in obesity: function, regulation, and clinical implications. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1799-1811. [PMID: 39315402 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, when produced in a controlled manner, are physiological modulators of healthy white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion and metabolic function. By contrast, unbridled production of oxidants is associated with pathological WAT expansion and the establishment of metabolic dysfunctions, most notably insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. NADPH oxidases (NOXs) produce oxidants in an orderly fashion and are present in adipocytes and in other diverse WAT-constituent cell types. Recent studies have established several links between aberrant NOX-derived oxidant production, adiposity, and metabolic homeostasis. The objective of this review is to highlight the physiological roles attributed to diverse NOX isoforms in healthy WAT and summarize current knowledge of the metabolic consequences related to perturbations in their adequate oxidant production. We detail WAT-related alterations in preclinical investigations conducted in NOX-deficient murine models. In addition, we review clinical studies that have employed NOX inhibitors and currently available data related to human NOX mutations in metabolic disturbances. Future investigations aimed at understanding the integration of NOX-derived oxidants in the regulation of the WAT cellular redox network are essential for designing successful redox-related precision therapies to curb obesity and attenuate obesity-associated metabolic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- François R Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Somm
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- RE.A.D.S. Unit (Readers, Assay Development and Screening Unit), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Bouzakri
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ildiko Szanto
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Drieu La Rochelle J, Ward J, Stenke E, Yin Y, Matsumoto M, Jennings R, Aviello G, Knaus UG. Dysregulated NOX1-NOS2 activity as hallmark of ileitis in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00093-X. [PMID: 39245144 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation of the ileum, or ileitis, is commonly caused by Crohn's disease (CD) but can also accompany ulcerative colitis (backwash ileitis), infections or drug-related damage. Oxidative tissue injury triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered part of the ileitis etiology. However, not only elevated ROS but also permanently decreased ROS are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While very early onset IBD (VEO-IBD) is associated with a spectrum of NOX1 variants, how NOX1 inactivation contributes to disease development remains ill-defined. Besides propagating signaling responses, NOX1 provides superoxide for peroxynitrite formation in the epithelial barrier. Here we report that NOX4, an H2O2-generating NADPH oxidase with documented tissue protective effects in the intestine and other tissues, limits the generation of ileal peroxynitrite by NOX1/NOS2. Deletion of NOX4 leads to persistent peroxynitrite excess, hyperpermeability, villus blunting, muscular hypertrophy, chemokine/cytokine upregulation and dysbiosis. Conversely, SAMP1/YitFc mice, a CD-like ileitis model, showed age-dependent NOX1/NOS2 downregulation preventing ileal peroxynitrite formation in homeostasis and LPS-induced acute inflammation. Deficiency in NOX1 correlated with the upregulation of antimicrobial peptides, suggesting that ileal peroxynitrite acts as chemical barrier and microbiota modifier in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josie Ward
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emily Stenke
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yuting Yin
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Misaki Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Richard Jennings
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabriella Aviello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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4
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Rigamonti AE, Rubino FM, Caroli D, Bondesan A, Mai S, Cella SG, Centofanti L, Paroni R, Sartorio A. Effects of Melatonin on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Adults with Obesity Undergoing a Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5216. [PMID: 39274429 PMCID: PMC11396206 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is characterized by increased oxidative stress, which, in a vicious circle, promotes chronic low-grade inflammation. Melatonin, a well-documented antioxidant, might be useful as a supplement to enhance the cardiometabolic benefits of any body weight reduction program (BWRP). Objectives/Methods: The present study aimed to evaluate the post-exercise oxidative stress and inflammation in a group of subjects with obesity treated with melatonin (2 mg/die) or placebo, undergoing a 2-week BWRP, with the administration of a single bout of acute exercise at the start and the end of the protocol (G1-G15). Results: Eighteen adults with obesity were enrolled and distributed to the two arms of the study: the melatonin group (F/M: 7/2; age: 27.8 ± 5.6 years; body mass index [BMI]: 43.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2) and the placebo group (F/M: 6/3; age: 28.8 ± 5.0 years; BMI: 42.8 ± 4.0 kg/m2). BWRP induced a decrease in BMI and waist circumference (WC) in both groups; plasma glucose, blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were reduced only in the placebo group. Importantly, plasma biological antioxidant potential (BAP) increased throughout BWRP. Paradoxically, melatonin enhanced post-exercise production of plasma derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and erythrocytic glutathionyl-Hb (HbSSG) (at G1 and G15). Finally, differently from the placebo group, melatonin-treated subjects did not exhibit the BWRP-induced decrease in plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), before and after exercise, at the end of two weeks (G15). Conclusions: Melatonin is presumably an antioxidant with "conditional" prooxidant actions. The use of melatonin as a supplement in subjects with obesity might be deleterious due to the abolishment of BWRP-induced cardiometabolic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello E Rigamonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico M Rubino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Caroli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Adele Bondesan
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Stefania Mai
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Laboratory of Metabolic Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Silvano G Cella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Centofanti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
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5
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Cheng PP, Wang XT, Liu Q, Hu YR, Dai ER, Zhang MH, Yang TS, Qu HY, Zhou H. Nrf2 mediated signaling axis in heart failure: Potential pharmacological receptor. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107268. [PMID: 38908614 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has emerged as the most pressing health concerns globally, and extant clinical therapies are accompanied by side effects and patients have a high burden of financial. The protein products of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) target genes have a variety of cardioprotective effects, including antioxidant, metabolic functions and anti-inflammatory. By evaluating established preclinical and clinical research in HF to date, we explored the potential of Nrf2 to exert unique cardioprotective functions as a novel therapeutic receptor for HF. In this review, we generalize the progression, structure, and function of Nrf2 research in the cardiovascular system. The mechanism of action of Nrf2 involved in HF as well as agonists of Nrf2 in natural compounds are summarized. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and implications for future clinical translation and application of pharmacology targeting Nrf2. It's critical to developing new drugs for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin-Ting Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Ran Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - En-Rui Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tian-Shu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Hui-Yan Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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6
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Xu S, Han X, Wang X, Yu Y, Qu C, Liu X, Yang B. The role of oxidative stress in aortic dissection: a potential therapeutic target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1410477. [PMID: 39070552 PMCID: PMC11272543 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1410477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of aortic dissection (AD) is steadily increasing, driven by the rising prevalence of chronic conditions such as hypertension and the global aging of the population. Oxidative stress emerges as a pivotal pathophysiological mechanism contributing to the progression of AD. Oxidative stress triggers apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells, reshapes the extracellular matrix (ECM), and governs ECM degradation and remodeling, subsequently impacting aortic compliance. Furthermore, oxidative stress not only facilitates the infiltration of macrophages and mononuclear lymphocytes but also disrupts the integral structure and functionality of endothelial cells, thereby inducing endothelial cell dysfunction and furthering the degeneration of the middle layer of the aortic wall. Investigating antioxidants holds promise as a therapeutic avenue for addressing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiukun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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7
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Yin L, Li L, Gao M, Qi Y, Xu L, Peng J. circMIRIAF aggravates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via targeting miR-544/WDR12 axis. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103175. [PMID: 38795544 PMCID: PMC11140810 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring and discovering novel circRNAs is one of the ways to develop innovative drugs for the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI). In the work, some dysregulated circRNAs were found by microarray screening analysis in AC16 cells, and hsa_circRNA_104852 named circMIRIAF was screened, which was up-regulated in AC16 cells damaged by hypoxia-reoxygenation injury (H/RI). The comprehensive analysis of ceRNA network revealed the potential relationship of circMIRIAF/miR-544/WDR12. Then, the results of interaction research confirmed that circMIRIAF acted as sponge of miR-544 to positively regulate WDR12 protein expression. Further, the validation results indicate that miR-544 silencing increased the expression of WDR12, and WDR12 activated Notch1 signal to aggravate H/RI of AC16 cells and MI/RI of mice via regulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, silencing circMIRIAF caused the decreased circMIRIAF levels and the increased miR-544 levels in cardiomyocytes, while excessive miR-544 inhibited WDR12 expression to alleviate the disorder. On the contrary, excessive circMIRIAF increased WDR12 expression by adsorbing miR-544 to exacerbate H/RI in AC16 cells. In addition, circMIRIAF siRNA reversed the aggravation of H/RI in cells caused by WDR12 overexpression. Overall, circMIRIAF can serve as a drug target or treating MI/RI, and circMIRIAF could sponge miR-544 and enhance WDR12 expression to aggravate MI/RI, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for MI/RI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhong Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China; College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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8
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Tice AL, Steiner JL. Binge alcohol induces NRF2-related antioxidant response in the skeletal muscle of female mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 714:149968. [PMID: 38657445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol enhances oxidative stress, but the temporal response of antioxidant genes in skeletal muscle following a binge drinking episode remains unknown. METHODS Experiment 1: C57BL/6Hsd female mice received an IP injection of saline (CON; n = 39) or ethanol (ETOH; n = 39) (5 g/kg). Gastrocnemius muscles were collected from baseline (untreated; n = 3), CON (n = 3), and ETOH (n = 3) mice every 4 h for 48 h. Experiment 2: Gastrocnemius muscles were collected from control-fed (CON-FED; n = 17), control-fasted (CON-FAST; n = 18), or alcohol-fed (ETOH-FED; n = 18) mice every 4hrs for 20hrs after saline or ethanol (5 g/kg). RESULTS EtOH enhanced Superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) and NADPH Oxidase 4 (Nox4) from 24 to 48hr after the binge, while Sod2 and Nox2 were suppressed. Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) increased 12hrs after intoxication. Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Por), Heme oxygenase 1 (Ho1), Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc), Glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), and Glutathione-disulfide reductase (Gsr) were increased by ETOH starting 12-16hrs post-binge. Fasting had similar effects on Nrf2 compared to alcohol, but downstream targets of NRF2, including Por, Ho1, Gclc, and Gclm, were differentially altered with fasting and EtOH. CONCLUSION These data suggest that acute alcohol intoxication induced markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant signaling through the NRF2 pathway and that there were effects of alcohol independent of a possible decrease in food intake caused by binge intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Tice
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, 600 W. College Avenue, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Jennifer L Steiner
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, 600 W. College Avenue, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA; Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, 600 W. College Avenue, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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Zheng H, Xu Y, Liehn EA, Rusu M. Vitamin C as Scavenger of Reactive Oxygen Species during Healing after Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3114. [PMID: 38542087 PMCID: PMC10970003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, coronary artery bypass and reperfusion therapies are considered the gold standard in long-term treatments to restore heart function after acute myocardial infarction. As a drawback of these restoring strategies, reperfusion after an ischemic insult and sudden oxygen exposure lead to the exacerbated synthesis of additional reactive oxidative species and the persistence of increased oxidation levels. Attempts based on antioxidant treatment have failed to achieve an effective therapy for cardiovascular disease patients. The controversial use of vitamin C as an antioxidant in clinical practice is comprehensively systematized and discussed in this review. The dose-dependent adsorption and release kinetics mechanism of vitamin C is complex; however, this review may provide a holistic perspective on its potential as a preventive supplement and/or for combined precise and targeted therapeutics in cardiovascular management therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Yichen Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Elisa A. Liehn
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- National Institute of Pathology “Victor Babes”, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 99-101, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Rusu
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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10
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Hou H, Qin X, Li G, Cui Z, Zhang J, Dong B, Wang Z, Zhao H. Nrf2-mediated redox balance alleviates LPS-induced vascular endothelial cell inflammation by inhibiting endothelial cell ferroptosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3335. [PMID: 38336964 PMCID: PMC10858270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis plays an important role in inflammation and oxidative stress. Whether ferroptosis is involved in the inflammation of vascular endothelial cells and its regulation mechanism remains unclear. We estimated the correlation between serum iron ion levels and the inflammation index of 33 patients with arteriosclerosis. In vitro, HUVECs with or without ferrostatin-1 were exposed to Lipopolysaccharide. Corresponding cell models to verify the target signaling pathway. The results showed that serum iron ion levels had a significant positive correlation with N ratio, N/L, LDL level, and LDL/HDL (P < 0.05), and a negative correlation with L ratio (P < 0.05) in the arteriosclerosis patients. In vitro, ferroptosis is involved in HUVECs inflammation. Ferrostatin-1 can rescue LPS-induced HUVECs inflammation by decreasing HMGB1/IL-6/TNF-α expression. Nrf2 high expression could protect HUVECs against ferroptosis by activating the GPX4/GSH system, inhibiting ferritinophagy, and alleviating inflammation in HUVECs by inhibiting HMGB1/IL-6/TNF-α expression. It also found that Nrf2 is a key adaptive regulatory factor in the oxidative damage of HUVECs induced by NOX4 activation. These findings indicated that ferroptosis contributed to the pathogenesis of vascular endothelial cell damage by mediating endothelial cell inflammation. Nrf2-mediated redox balance in vascular inflammation may be a therapeutic strategy in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Province Hospital, Jinan, 250023, China
| | - Xiujiao Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Gaokai Li
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Zhitao Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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11
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Hu J, Cheng M, Jiang C, Liu L, He Z, Liu L, Yao Y, Li Z, Wang Q. Deferoxamine Mitigates Ferroptosis and Inflammation in Hippocampal Neurons After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Activating the Nrf2/TXNRD1 Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1044-1060. [PMID: 37676391 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a distinct peroxidation-driven form of cell death tightly involved in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study delved into the mechanism of deferoxamine (DFO, an iron chelator) in SAH-induced ferroptosis and inflammation. SAH mouse models were established by endovascular perforation method and injected intraperitoneally with DFO, or intraventricularly injected with the Nrf2 pathway inhibitor ML385 before SAH, followed by detection of neurological function, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and brain water content. Apoptotic level of hippocampal neurons, symbolic changes of ferroptosis, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed using TUNEL staining, Western blotting, colorimetry, and ELISA. The localization and expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were detected. HT22 cells were exposed to Hemin as in vitro SAH models and treated with FIN56 to induce ferroptosis, followed by evaluation of the effects of DFO on FIN56-treated HT22 cells. The regulation of Nrf2 in thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. Moreover, HT22 cells were treated with DFO and ML385 to identify the role of DFO in the Nrf2/TXNRD1 axis. DFO extenuated brain injury, and ferroptosis and inflammation in hippocampal neurons of SAH mice. Nrf2 localized at the CA1 region of hippocampal neurons, and DFO stimulated nuclear translocation of Nrf2 protein in hippocampal neurons of SAH mice. Additionally, DFO inhibited ferroptosis and inflammatory responses in FIN56-induced HT22 cells. Nrf2 positively regulated TXNRD1 protein expression. Indeed, DFO alleviated FIN56-induced ferroptosis and inflammation via activation of the Nrf2/TXNRD1 axis. DFO alleviated neurological deficits, BBB disruption, brain edema, and brain injury in mice after SAH by inhibiting hippocampal neuron ferroptosis via the Nrf2/TXNRD1 axis. DFO ameliorates SAH-induced ferroptosis and inflammatory responses in hippocampal neurons by activating the Nrf2/TXNRD1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, Section 2, West 1St Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Meixiong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, Section 2, West 1St Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Chonggui Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, Section 2, West 1St Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, Section 2, West 1St Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongze He
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, Section 2, West 1St Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingtong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, Section 2, West 1St Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanpeng Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, Section 2, West 1St Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhili Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, Section 2, West 1St Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, Section 2, West 1St Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Ha C, Bakshi S, Brahma MK, Potter LA, Chang SF, Sun Z, Benavides GA, He L, Umbarkar P, Zou L, Curfman S, Sunny S, Paterson AJ, Rajasekaran N, Barnes JW, Zhang J, Lal H, Xie M, Darley‐Usmar VM, Chatham JC, Wende AR. Sustained Increases in Cardiomyocyte Protein O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Levels Lead to Cardiac Hypertrophy and Reduced Mitochondrial Function Without Systolic Contractile Impairment. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029898. [PMID: 37750556 PMCID: PMC10727241 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Lifestyle and metabolic diseases influence the severity and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease through numerous mechanisms, including regulation via posttranslational modifications. A specific posttranslational modification, the addition of O-linked β-N acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation), has been implicated in molecular mechanisms of both physiological and pathologic adaptations. The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that in cardiomyocytes, sustained protein O-GlcNAcylation contributes to cardiac adaptations, and its progression to pathophysiology. Methods and Results Using a naturally occurring dominant-negative O-GlcNAcase (dnOGA) inducible cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression transgenic mouse model, we induced dnOGA in 8- to 10-week-old mouse hearts. We examined the effects of 2-week and 24-week dnOGA overexpression, which progressed to a 1.8-fold increase in protein O-GlcNAcylation. Two-week increases in protein O-GlcNAc levels did not alter heart weight or function; however, 24-week increases in protein O-GlcNAcylation led to cardiac hypertrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. Interestingly, systolic function was maintained in 24-week dnOGA overexpression, despite several changes in gene expression associated with cardiovascular disease. Specifically, mRNA-sequencing analysis revealed several gene signatures, including reduction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid, and glucose metabolism pathways, and antioxidant response pathways after 24-week dnOGA overexpression. Conclusions This study indicates that moderate increases in cardiomyocyte protein O-GlcNAcylation leads to a differential response with an initial reduction of metabolic pathways (2-week), which leads to cardiac remodeling (24-week). Moreover, the mouse model showed evidence of diastolic dysfunction consistent with a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. These findings provide insight into the adaptive versus maladaptive responses to increased O-GlcNAcylation in heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae‐Myeong Ha
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Sayan Bakshi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Manoja K. Brahma
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Luke A. Potter
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Samuel F. Chang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Zhihuan Sun
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Gloria A. Benavides
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Lihao He
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Luyun Zou
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Samuel Curfman
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Sini Sunny
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Andrew J. Paterson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | | | - Jarrod W. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Victor M. Darley‐Usmar
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - John C. Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Adam R. Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
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13
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Yang F, Smith MJ, Griffiths A, Morrell A, Chapple SJ, Siow RCM, Stewart T, Maret W, Mann GE. Vascular protection afforded by zinc supplementation in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells mediated by NRF2 signaling under hypoxia/reoxygenation. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102777. [PMID: 37315344 PMCID: PMC10363453 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative actions, with Zn dysregulation associated with coronary ischemia/reperfusion injury and smooth muscle cell dysfunction. As the majority of studies concerning Zn have been conducted under non-physiological hyperoxic conditions, we compare the effects of Zn chelation or supplementation on total intracellular Zn content, antioxidant NRF2 targeted gene transcription and hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced reactive oxygen species generation in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) pre-adapted to hyperoxia (18 kPa O2) or normoxia (5 kPa O2). Expression of the smooth muscle marker SM22-α was unaffected by lowering pericellular O2, whereas calponin-1 was significantly upregulated in cells under 5 kPa O2, indicating a more physiological contractile phenotype under 5 kPa O2. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry established that Zn supplementation (10 μM ZnCl2 + 0.5 μM pyrithione) significantly increased total Zn content in HCASMC under 18 but not 5 kPa O2. Zn supplementation increased metallothionein mRNA expression and NRF2 nuclear accumulation in cells under 18 or 5 kPa O2. Notably, NRF2 regulated HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression in response to Zn supplementation was only upregulated in cells under 18 but not 5 kPa. Furthermore, whilst hypoxia increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) in cells pre-adapted to 18 but not 5 kPa O2, reoxygenation had negligible effects on GSH or total Zn content. Reoxygenation-induced superoxide generation in cells under 18 kPa O2 was abrogated by PEG-superoxide dismutase but not by PEG-catalase, and Zn supplementation, but not Zn chelation, attenuated reoxygenation-induced superoxide generation in cells under 18 but not 5kPaO2, consistent with a lower redox stress under physiological normoxia. Our findings highlight that culture of HCASMC under physiological normoxia recapitulates an in vivo contractile phenotype and that effects of Zn on NRF2 signaling are altered by oxygen tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Matthew J Smith
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Alexander Griffiths
- London Metallomics Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Alexander Morrell
- London Metallomics Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Sarah J Chapple
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Richard C M Siow
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Theodora Stewart
- Research Management & Innovation Directorate (RMID), King's College London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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14
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Wróblewska J, Wróblewski M, Hołyńska-Iwan I, Modrzejewska M, Nuszkiewicz J, Wróblewska W, Woźniak A. The Role of Glutathione in Selected Viral Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1325. [PMID: 37507865 PMCID: PMC10376684 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammatory processes, immunocompetent cells are exposed to substantial amounts of free radicals and toxic compounds. Glutathione is a cysteine-containing tripeptide that is an important and ubiquitous antioxidant molecule produced in human organs. The intracellular content of GSH regulates the detoxifying capacity of cells, as well as the inflammatory and immune response. GSH is particularly important in the liver, where it serves as the major non-protein thiol involved in cellular antioxidant defense. There are numerous causes of hepatitis. The inflammation of the liver can be caused by a variety of infectious viruses. The relationship between oxidative stress and the hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is not fully known. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between hepatotropic viruses and glutathione status, including reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), as well as antioxidant enzymes, e.g., glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wróblewska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Marcin Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Martyna Modrzejewska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Weronika Wróblewska
- Students Research Club of Medical Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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15
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Gola L, Bierhansl L, Csatári J, Schroeter CB, Korn L, Narayanan V, Cerina M, Abdolahi S, Speicher A, Hermann AM, König S, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Shekh-Ahmad T, Meuth SG, Wiendl H, Gorji A, Pawlowski M, Kovac S. NOX4-derived ROS are neuroprotective by balancing intracellular calcium stores. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:127. [PMID: 37081190 PMCID: PMC10119225 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperexcitability is associated with neuronal dysfunction, cellular death, and consequently neurodegeneration. Redox disbalance can contribute to hyperexcitation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are observed in various neurological diseases. NOX4 is an NADPH oxidase known to produce ROS and might have a regulating function during oxidative stress. We, therefore, aimed to determine the role of NOX4 on neuronal firing, hyperexcitability, and hyperexcitability-induced changes in neural network function. Using a multidimensional approach of an in vivo model of hyperexcitability, proteomic analysis, and cellular function analysis of ROS, mitochondrial integrity, and calcium levels, we demonstrate that NOX4 is neuroprotective by regulating ROS and calcium homeostasis and thereby preventing hyperexcitability and consequently neuronal death. These results implicate NOX4 as a potential redox regulator that is beneficial in hyperexcitability and thereby might have an important role in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gola
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura Bierhansl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Júlia Csatári
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina B Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisanne Korn
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Venu Narayanan
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuela Cerina
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sara Abdolahi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Speicher
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone König
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Tawfeeq Shekh-Ahmad
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Pawlowski
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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16
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Vázquez-Meza H, Vilchis-Landeros MM, Vázquez-Carrada M, Uribe-Ramírez D, Matuz-Mares D. Cellular Compartmentalization, Glutathione Transport and Its Relevance in Some Pathologies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040834. [PMID: 37107209 PMCID: PMC10135322 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein endogenous thiol. It is a ubiquitous molecule produced in most organs, but its synthesis is predominantly in the liver, the tissue in charge of storing and distributing it. GSH is involved in the detoxification of free radicals, peroxides and xenobiotics (drugs, pollutants, carcinogens, etc.), protects biological membranes from lipid peroxidation, and is an important regulator of cell homeostasis, since it participates in signaling redox, regulation of the synthesis and degradation of proteins (S-glutathionylation), signal transduction, various apoptotic processes, gene expression, cell proliferation, DNA and RNA synthesis, etc. GSH transport is a vital step in cellular homeostasis supported by the liver through providing extrahepatic organs (such as the kidney, lung, intestine, and brain, among others) with the said antioxidant. The wide range of functions within the cell in which glutathione is involved shows that glutathione’s role in cellular homeostasis goes beyond being a simple antioxidant agent; therefore, the importance of this tripeptide needs to be reassessed from a broader metabolic perspective.
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17
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Role of c-Src and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:315-328. [PMID: 36700976 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-01992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, caused by the over production of oxidants or inactivity of antioxidants, can modulate the redox state of several target proteins such as tyrosine kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases and tyrosine phosphatases. c-Src is one such non-receptor tyrosine kinase which activates NADPH oxidases (Noxs) in response to various growth factors and shear stress. Interaction between c-Src and Noxs is influenced by cell type and primary messengers such as angiotensin II, which binds to G-protein coupled receptor and activates the intracellular signaling cascade. c-Src stimulated activation of Noxs results in elevated release of intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS species disturb vascular homeostasis and cause cardiac hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis and hypertension. Interaction between c-Src and ROS in the pathobiology of cardiac fibrosis is hypothesized to be influenced by cell type and stimuli. c-Src and ROS have a bidirectional relationship, thus increased ROS levels due to c-Src mediated activation of Noxs can further activate c-Src by promoting the oxidation and sulfenylation of critical cysteine residues. This review highlights the role of c-Src and ROS in mediating downstream signaling pathways underlying cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, due to the central role of c-Src in activation of various signaling proteins involved in differentiation, migration, proliferation, and cytoskeletal reorganization of vascular cells, it is presented as therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular diseases except cardiac fibrosis.
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18
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Zhang Z, Chen L, Guo Y, Li D, Zhang J, Liu L, Fan W, Guo T, Qin S, Zhao Y, Xu Z, Chen Z. The neuroprotective and neural circuit mechanisms of acupoint stimulation for cognitive impairment. Chin Med 2023; 18:8. [PMID: 36670425 PMCID: PMC9863122 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a prevalent neurological disorder that burdens families and the healthcare system. Current conventional therapies for cognitive impairment, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, are unable to completely stop or reverse the progression of the disease. Also, these medicines may cause serious problems with the digestive system, cardiovascular system, and sleep. Clinically, stimulation of acupoints has the potential to ameliorate the common symptoms of a variety of cognitive disorders, such as memory deficit, language dysfunction, executive dysfunction, reduced ability to live independently, etc. There are common acupoint stimulation mechanisms for treating various types of cognitive impairment, but few systematic analyses of the underlying mechanisms in this domain have been performed. This study comprehensively reviewed the basic research from the last 20 years and found that acupoint stimulation can effectively improve the spatial learning and memory of animals. The common mechanism may be that acupoint stimulation protects hippocampal neurons by preventing apoptosis and scavenging toxic proteins. Additionally, acupoint stimulation has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, promoting neural regeneration, regulating synaptic plasticity, and normalizing neural circuits by restoring brain functional activity and connectivity. Acupoint stimulation also inhibits the production of amyloid β-peptide and the phosphorylation of Tau protein, suggesting that it may protect neurons by promoting correct protein folding and regulating the degradation of toxic proteins via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. However, the benefits of acupoint stimulation still need to be further explored in more high-quality studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Zhang
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuyi Chen
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Fan
- grid.412879.10000 0004 0374 1074Department of Rehabilitation Physical Therapy Course, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka City, 5100293 Japan
| | - Tao Guo
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China
| | - Siru Qin
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yadan Zhao
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zelin Chen
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381 People’s Republic of China
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Nabeebaccus AA, Reumiller CM, Shen J, Zoccarato A, Santos CXC, Shah AM. The regulation of cardiac intermediary metabolism by NADPH oxidases. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3305-3319. [PMID: 35325070 PMCID: PMC9847558 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs), enzymes whose primary function is to generate reactive oxygen species, are important regulators of the heart's physiological function and response to pathological insults. The role of NOX-driven redox signalling in pathophysiological myocardial remodelling, including processes such as interstitial fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, cellular hypertrophy, and cell survival, is well recognized. While the NOX2 isoform promotes many detrimental effects, the NOX4 isoform has attracted considerable attention as a driver of adaptive stress responses both during pathology and under physiological states such as exercise. Recent studies have begun to define some of the NOX4-modulated mechanisms that may underlie these adaptive responses. In particular, novel functions of NOX4 in driving cellular metabolic changes have emerged. Alterations in cellular metabolism are a recognized hallmark of the heart's response to physiological and pathological stresses. In this review, we highlight the emerging roles of NOX enzymes as important modulators of cellular intermediary metabolism in the heart, linking stress responses not only to myocardial energetics but also other functions. The novel interplay of NOX-modulated redox signalling pathways and intermediary metabolism in the heart is unravelling a new aspect of the fascinating biology of these enzymes which will inform a better understanding of how they drive adaptive responses. We also discuss the implications of these new findings for therapeutic approaches that target metabolism in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Nabeebaccus
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Christina M Reumiller
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Celio X C Santos
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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20
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Irisin ameliorates D-galactose-induced skeletal muscle fibrosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 939:175476. [PMID: 36539073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary sarcopenia is a multicausal skeletal muscle disease associated with muscle strength and mass loss. Skeletal muscle fibrosis is one of the significant pathological manifestations associated with the development of age-related sarcopenia. Irisin, which is cleaved by the extracellular domain of fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), has previously been reported to exert antifibrotic effects on the heart, liver, and pancreas, but whether it can rescue skeletal muscle fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of irisin on D-galactose (D-gal)-induced skeletal muscle fibroblasts. We found that D-gal-induced senescence, fibrosis, and redox imbalance were inhibited by irisin treatment. Mechanistically, irisin or FNDC5 overexpression attenuated D-gal-induced senescence, redox imbalance, and fibrosis by regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Overall, irisin might be a promising therapeutic candidate for age-related skeletal muscle fibrosis.
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21
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Mathis BJ, Kato H, Hiramatsu Y. Induction of Cardiac Pathology: Endogenous versus Exogenous Nrf2 Upregulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233855. [PMID: 36497112 PMCID: PMC9736027 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of the endogenous antioxidant response to reactive oxygen species as well as a controller of Phase II detoxification in response to xenobiotics. This amenity to specific external manipulation exploits the binding affinity of Nrf2 for its constitutive repressor and degradation facilitator Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Derived from both natural and synthesized origins, these compounds have been extensively tested without definitive beneficial results. Unfortunately, multiple terminated trials have shown a negative side to Nrf2 with regard to cardiac pathologies while animal-based studies have demonstrated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and heart failure after chronic Nrf2 upregulation. Putatively based on autophagic control of Nrf2 activity-modulating upstream factors, new evidence of miRNA involvement has added complexity to this mechanism. What follows is an extensive survey of Nrf2-regulating exogenous compounds that may promote cardiomyopathy, clinical trial evidence, and a comparison to exercise-induced factors that also upregulate Nrf2 while preventing cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J. Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Ibaraki, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-853-3004
| | - Hideyuki Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiramatsu
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Ibaraki, Japan
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22
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Mann GE. Mechanisms underlying Nrf2 nuclear translocation by non-lethal levels of hydrogen peroxide: p38 MAPK-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase2 membrane trafficking and ceramide/PKCζ/CK2 signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:191-202. [PMID: 36064071 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is an aerobic metabolite playing a central role in redox signaling and oxidative stress. H2O2 could activate redox sensitive transcription factors, such as Nrf2, AP-1 and NF-κB by different manners. In some cells, treatment with non-lethal levels of H2O2 induces rapid activation of Nrf2, which upregulates expression of a set of genes involved in glutathione (GSH) synthesis and defenses against oxidative damage. It depends on two steps, the rapid translational activation of Nrf2 and facilitation of Nrf2 nuclear translocation. We review the molecular mechanisms by which H2O2 induces nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in cultured cells by highlighting the role of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), a GSH sensor. H2O2 enters cells through aquaporin channels in the plasma membrane and is rapidly reduced to H2O by GSH peroxidases to consume cellular GSH, resulting in nSMase2 activation to generate ceramide. H2O2 also activates p38 MAP kinase, which enhances transfer of nSMase2 from perinuclear regions to plasma membrane lipid rafts to accelerate ceramide generation. Low levels of ceramide activate PKCζ, which then activates casein kinase 2 (CK2). These protein kinases are able to phosphorylate Nrf2 to stabilize and activate it. Notably, Nrf2 also binds to caveolin-1 (Cav1), which protects Nrf2 from Keap1-mediated degradation and limits Nrf2 nuclear translocation. We propose that Cav1serves as a signaling hub for the control of H2O2-mediated phosphorylation of Nrf2 by kinases, which results in release of Nrf2 from Cav1 to facilitate nuclear translocation. In summary, H2O2 induces GSH depletion which is recovered by Nrf2 activation dependent on p38/nSMase2/ceramide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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23
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Zhan Y, Xu D, Tian Y, Qu X, Sheng M, Lin Y, Ke M, Jiang L, Xia Q, Kaldas FM, Farmer DG, Ke B. Novel role of macrophage TXNIP-mediated CYLD-NRF2-OASL1 axis in stress-induced liver inflammation and cell death. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100532. [PMID: 36035360 PMCID: PMC9404660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The stimulator of interferon genes (STING)/TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) pathway is vital in mediating innate immune and inflammatory responses during oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, it remains unknown whether macrophage thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) may regulate TBK1 function and cell death pathways during oxidative/ER stress. Methods A mouse model of hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), the primary hepatocytes, and bone marrow-derived macrophages were used in the myeloid-specific TXNIP knockout (TXNIPM-KO) and TXNIP-proficient (TXNIPFL/FL) mice. Results The TXNIPM-KO mice were resistant to ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) stress-induced liver damage with reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, macrophage/neutrophil infiltration, and pro-inflammatory mediators compared with the TXNIPFL/FL controls. IR stress increased TXNIP, p-STING, and p-TBK1 expression in ischaemic livers. However, TXNIPM-KO inhibited STING, TBK1, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and NF-κB activation with interferon-β (IFN-β) expression. Interestingly, TXNIPM-KO augmented nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) activity, increased antioxidant gene expression, and reduced macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and hepatic apoptosis/necroptosis in IR-stressed livers. Mechanistically, macrophage TXNIP deficiency promoted cylindromatosis (CYLD), which colocalised and interacted with NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) to enhance NRF2 activity by deubiquitinating NOX4. Disruption of macrophage NRF2 or its target gene 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (OASL1) enhanced Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) and TBK1-mediated inflammatory response. Notably, macrophage OASL1 deficiency induced hepatocyte apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (APAF1), cytochrome c, and caspase-9 activation, leading to increased caspase-3-initiated apoptosis and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mediated necroptosis. Conclusions Macrophage TXNIP deficiency enhances CYLD activity and activates the NRF2-OASL1 signalling, controlling IR stress-induced liver injury. The target gene OASL1 regulated by NRF2 is crucial for modulating STING-mediated TBK1 activation and Apaf1/cytochrome c/caspase-9-triggered apoptotic/necroptotic cell death pathway. Our findings underscore a novel role of macrophage TXNIP-mediated CYLD-NRF2-OASL1 axis in stress-induced liver inflammation and cell death, implying the potential therapeutic targets in liver inflammatory diseases. Lay summary Liver inflammation and injury induced by ischaemia and reperfusion (the absence of blood flow to the liver tissue followed by the resupply of blood) is a significant cause of hepatic dysfunction and failure following liver transplantation, resection, and haemorrhagic shock. Herein, we uncover an underlying mechanism that contributes to liver inflammation and cell death in this setting and could be a therapeutic target in stress-induced liver inflammatory injury.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APAF1, apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1
- ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Apoptosis
- BMM, bone marrow-derived macrophage
- CXCL-10, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10
- CYLD, cyclindromatosis
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern
- DUB, deubiquitinating enzyme
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ES, embryonic stem
- G3BP1
- G3BP1, Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1
- GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- GCLM, glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- INF-β, interferon-β
- IR, ischaemia/reperfusion
- IRF3
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- IRF7, IFN-regulating transcription factor 7
- IRI, ischaemia/reperfusion injury
- Innate immunity
- KO, knockout
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Liver inflammation
- Lyz2, Lysozyme 2
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
- NOX2, NADPH oxidase 2
- NOX4, NADPH oxidase 4
- NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1
- NRF2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2
- NS, non-specific
- Necroptosis
- OASL1, 2′,5′oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1
- PAMP, pathogen-derived molecular pattern
- RIPK3, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STING
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-alpha
- TRX, thioredoxin
- TSS, transcription start sites
- TXNIP, thioredoxin-interacting protein
- TXNIPFL/FL, floxed TXNIP
- TXNIPM-KO, myeloid-specific TXNIP KO
- UTR, untranslated region
- sALT, serum ALT
- sAST, serum AST
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhan
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongwei Xu
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhu Tian
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoye Qu
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingwei Sheng
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuanbang Lin
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Ke
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Longfeng Jiang
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fady M. Kaldas
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas G. Farmer
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bibo Ke
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chen XX, Wu Y, Ge X, Lei L, Niu LY, Yang QZ, Zheng L. In vivo imaging of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by simultaneous monitoring of cardiac nitric oxide and glutathione using a three-channel fluorescent probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Greenberg HZE, Zhao G, Shah AM, Zhang M. Role of oxidative stress in calcific aortic valve disease and its therapeutic implications. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1433-1451. [PMID: 33881501 PMCID: PMC9074995 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the end result of active cellular processes that lead to the progressive fibrosis and calcification of aortic valve leaflets. In western populations, CAVD is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and in the absence of effective drugs, it will likely represent an increasing disease burden as populations age. As there are currently no pharmacological therapies available for preventing, treating, or slowing the development of CAVD, understanding the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of the disease is important for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Recent evidence has emerged of an important causative role for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of CAVD, inducing the differentiation of valve interstitial cells into myofibroblasts and then osteoblasts. In this review, we focus on the roles and sources of ROS driving CAVD and consider their potential as novel therapeutic targets for this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Z E Greenberg
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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26
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García-Gómez P, Golán I, Dadras MS, Mezheyeuski A, Bellomo C, Tzavlaki K, Morén A, Carreras-Puigvert J, Caja L. NOX4 regulates TGFβ-induced proliferation and self-renewal in glioblastoma stem cells. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:1891-1912. [PMID: 35203105 PMCID: PMC9067149 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common glioma subtype, with a median survival of 15 months after diagnosis. Current treatments have limited therapeutic efficacy; thus, more effective approaches are needed. The glioblastoma tumoural mass is characterised by a small cellular subpopulation – glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) – that has been held responsible for glioblastoma initiation, cell invasion, proliferation, relapse and resistance to chemo‐ and radiotherapy. Targeted therapies against GSCs are crucial, as is understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern the GSCs. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signalling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are known to govern and regulate cancer stem cell biology. Among the differentially expressed genes regulated by TGFβ in a transcriptomic analysis of two different patient‐derived GSCs, we found NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) as one of the top upregulated genes. Interestingly, when patient tissues were analysed, NOX4 expression was found to be higher in GSCs versus differentiated cells. A functional analysis of the role of NOX4 downstream of TGFβ in several patient‐derived GSCs showed that TGFβ does indeed induce NOX4 expression and increases ROS production in a NOX4‐dependent manner. NOX4 downstream of TGFβ regulates GSC proliferation, and NOX4 expression is necessary for TGFβ‐induced expression of stem cell markers and of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2), which in turn controls the cell’s antioxidant and metabolic responses. Interestingly, overexpression of NOX4 recapitulates the effects induced by TGFβ in GSCs: enhanced proliferation, stemness and NRF2 expression. In conclusion, this work functionally establishes NOX4 as a key mediator of GSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro García-Gómez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden.,Brain Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Golán
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mahsa S Dadras
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden.,Weill Cornell Medical College Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, USA, 10021-5608
| | - Artur Mezheyeuski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Bellomo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kalliopi Tzavlaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anita Morén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jordi Carreras-Puigvert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Box 591, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laia Caja
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
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Llorens-Cebrià C, Molina-Van den Bosch M, Vergara A, Jacobs-Cachá C, Soler MJ. Antioxidant Roles of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Kidney. Biomolecules 2022; 12:143. [PMID: 35053290 PMCID: PMC8773577 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction-oxidation (redox) system consists of the coupling and coordination of various electron gradients that are generated thanks to serial reduction-oxidation enzymatic reactions. These reactions happen in every cell and produce radical oxidants that can be mainly classified into reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS and RNS modulate cell-signaling pathways and cellular processes fundamental to normal cell function. However, overproduction of oxidative species can lead to oxidative stress (OS) that is pathological. Oxidative stress is a main contributor to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) onset. In the kidney, the proximal tubular cells require a high energy supply to reabsorb proteins, metabolites, ions, and water. In a diabetic milieu, glucose-induced toxicity promotes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, impairing tubular function. Increased glucose level in urine and ROS enhance the activity of sodium/glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2), which in turn exacerbates OS. SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated clear cardiovascular benefits in DKD which may be in part ascribed to the generation of a beneficial equilibrium between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Llorens-Cebrià
- Nephrology and Transplantation Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.-C.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Mireia Molina-Van den Bosch
- Nephrology and Transplantation Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.-C.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Ander Vergara
- Nephrology and Transplantation Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.-C.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RD21/0005/0016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Conxita Jacobs-Cachá
- Nephrology and Transplantation Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.-C.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RD21/0005/0016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Soler
- Nephrology and Transplantation Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.-C.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RD21/0005/0016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Jasaputra DK, Lucretia T, Ray HRD, Kwee L, Gunawan D, Edwinanto L, Viona SI, Goenawan H, Lesmana R, Gunadi JW. Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract Alters Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Adaptation. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:210-217. [PMID: 35234011 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.210.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Cardiomyocyte adaptation to exercise might require ROS as a central regulator. There is a limited study regarding the importance of ROS for inducing exercise-induced adaptation and its correlations with changes in histological scoring of cardiac muscles. The study aimed to explore the importance of physiological ROS induced by exercise and its correlation with Cardiomyocyte' histological appearance that is altered by <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves extract in Wistar rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This was an animal experimental study, which use 4 groups of 24 Wistar rats divided into Control (Co), <i>Moringa</i> leaves extract (Mo), Exercise (Ex) and a combination of <i>Moringa </i>leaves extract and Exercise (MoEx). The <i>Moringa</i> leaves extract were given orally, 5 days a week, for 4 consecutive weeks. The exercise was given in moderate intensity, 5 days a week, also for 4 consecutive weeks. <b>Results:</b> This study found significant differences in heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio in Ex group compared to the control. As for histology scoring, found that MoEx group has 16.7% cardiac hypertrophy and myofiber disarray compared to 83.3% mild hypertrophy and 50% mild disarray in Ex group. <b>Conclusion:</b> In summary, the study showed that the potential central role of exercise-induced physiological ROS for cardiac hypertrophy adaptation is altered by <i>Moringa oleifera </i>leaves extract treatment.
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Zhong Z, Tian Y, Luo X, Zou J, Wu L, Tian J. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Against DOX-Induced Heart Failure Through the miR-100-5p/NOX4 Pathway. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:703241. [PMID: 34513812 PMCID: PMC8424184 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.703241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The end result of a variety of cardiovascular diseases is heart failure. Heart failure patients’ morbidity and mortality rates are increasing year after year. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSC-EVs) have recently been discovered to be an alternative treatment for heart failure, according to recent research. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms in which HucMSC-EVs inhibited doxorubicin (DOX)-induced heart failure in AC16 cells. An miR-100-5p inhibitor and an miR-100-5p mimic were used to transfect HucMSCs using Lipofectamine 2000. HucMSC-EVs were isolated and purified using the ultracentrifugation method. AC16 cells were treated with DOX combined with HucMSC-EVs or an EV miR-100-5-p inhibitor or EV miR-100-5-p mimic. ROS levels were measured by a flow cytometer. The levels of LDH, SOD, and MDA were measured by biochemical methods. Apoptotic cells were assessed by a flow cytometer. Cleaved-caspase-3 and NOX4 protein expression were determined by Western blot. The experiment results showed that HucMSC-EVs inhibited DOX-induced increased levels of ROS, LDH, and MDA, and decreased levels of SOD which were reversed by an EV miR-100-5-p inhibitor, while EV miR-100-5-p mimic had a similar effect to HucMSC-EVs. At the same time, HucMSC-EV-inhibited DOX induced the increases of apoptotic cells as well as NOX4 and cleaved-caspase-3 protein expression, which were reversed by an EV miR-100-5-p inhibitor. Furthermore, the NOX4 expression was negatively regulated by miR-100-5p. Overexpression of NOX4 abolished the effects in which HucMSC-EVs inhibited DOX-induced ROS, oxidative stress, and apoptosis increases. In conclusion, these results indicate that HucMSC-EVs inhibit DOX-induced heart failure through the miR-100-5p/NOX4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglong Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Xiaoming Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Jianjie Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Julong Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
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Alonso-Piñeiro JA, Gonzalez-Rovira A, Sánchez-Gomar I, Moreno JA, Durán-Ruiz MC. Nrf2 and Heme Oxygenase-1 Involvement in Atherosclerosis Related Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1463. [PMID: 34573095 PMCID: PMC8466960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains the underlying process responsible for cardiovascular diseases and the high mortality rates associated. This chronic inflammatory disease progresses with the formation of occlusive atherosclerotic plaques over the inner walls of vascular vessels, with oxidative stress being an important element of this pathology. Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) induces endothelial dysfunction, foam cell activation, and inflammatory response, resulting in the formation of fatty streaks in the atherosclerotic wall. With this in mind, different approaches aim to reduce oxidative damage as a strategy to tackle the progression of atherosclerosis. Special attention has been paid in recent years to the transcription factor Nrf2 and its downstream-regulated protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), both known to provide protection against atherosclerotic injury. In the current review, we summarize the involvement of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis, focusing on the role that these antioxidant molecules exert, as well as the potential therapeutic strategies applied to enhance their antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Angel Alonso-Piñeiro
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.A.A.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (I.S.-G.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Almudena Gonzalez-Rovira
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.A.A.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (I.S.-G.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Gomar
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.A.A.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (I.S.-G.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), UGC Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ma Carmen Durán-Ruiz
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.A.A.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (I.S.-G.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain
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Fulton RE, Pearson-Smith JN, Huynh CQ, Fabisiak T, Liang LP, Aivazidis S, High BA, Buscaglia G, Corrigan T, Valdez R, Shimizu T, Patel MN. Neuron-specific mitochondrial oxidative stress results in epilepsy, glucose dysregulation and a striking astrocyte response. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105470. [PMID: 34371143 PMCID: PMC8939287 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial superoxide (O2-) production is implicated in aging, neurodegenerative disease, and most recently epilepsy. Yet the specific contribution of neuronal O2- to these phenomena is unclear. Here, we selectively deleted superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) in neuronal basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (NEX)-expressing cells restricting deletion to a subset of excitatory principle neurons primarily in the forebrain (cortex and hippocampus). This resulted in nSOD2 KO mice that lived into adulthood (2-3 months) with epilepsy, selective loss of neurons, metabolic rewiring and a marked mitohormetic gene response. Surprisingly, expression of an astrocytic gene, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was significantly increased relative to WT. Further studies in rat primary neuron-glial cultures showed that increased mitochondrial O2-, specifically in neurons, was sufficient to upregulate GFAP. These results suggest that neuron-specific mitochondrial O2- is sufficient to drive a complex and catastrophic epileptic phenotype and highlights the ability of SOD2 to act in a cell-nonautonomous manner to influence an astrocytic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer N Pearson-Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher Q Huynh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Timothy Fabisiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Li-Ping Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stefanos Aivazidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brigit A High
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Georgia Buscaglia
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Timothy Corrigan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert Valdez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Manisha N Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Matuz-Mares D, Riveros-Rosas H, Vilchis-Landeros MM, Vázquez-Meza H. Glutathione Participation in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1220. [PMID: 34439468 PMCID: PMC8389000 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (such as occlusion of the coronary arteries, hypertensive heart diseases and strokes) are diseases that generate thousands of patients with a high mortality rate worldwide. Many of these cardiovascular pathologies, during their development, generate a state of oxidative stress that leads to a deterioration in the patient's conditions associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Within these reactive species we find superoxide anion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), nitric oxide (NO•), as well as other species of non-free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HClO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). A molecule that actively participates in counteracting the oxidizing effect of reactive species is reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all tissues and that its synthesis and/or regeneration is very important to be able to respond to the increase in oxidizing agents. In this review, we will address the role of glutathione, its synthesis in both the heart and the liver, and its importance in preventing or reducing deleterious ROS effects in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (D.M.-M.); (H.R.-R.)
| | - Héctor Vázquez-Meza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (D.M.-M.); (H.R.-R.)
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Sharma S, Advani D, Das A, Malhotra N, Khosla A, Arora V, Jha A, Yadav M, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Pharmacological intervention in oxidative stress as a therapeutic target in neurological disorders. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:461-484. [PMID: 34050648 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is a major cellular burden that triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants that modulate signalling mechanisms. Byproducts generated from this process govern the brain pathology and functions in various neurological diseases. As oxidative stress remains the key therapeutic target in neurological disease, it is necessary to explore the multiple routes that can significantly repair the damage caused due to ROS and consequently, neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is the critical player of oxidative stress that can also be used as a therapeutic target to combat NDDs. KEY FINDINGS Several antioxidants signalling pathways are found to be associated with oxidative stress and show a protective effect against stressors by increasing the release of various cytoprotective enzymes and also exert anti-inflammatory response against this oxidative damage. These pathways along with antioxidants and reactive species can be the defined targets to eliminate or reduce the harmful effects of neurological diseases. SUMMARY Herein, we discussed the underlying mechanism and crucial role of antioxidants in therapeutics together with natural compounds as a pharmacological tool to combat the cellular deformities cascades caused due to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Nishtha Malhotra
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Khosla
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Vanshika Arora
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Megha Yadav
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
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Slezak J, Kura B, LeBaron TW, Singal PK, Buday J, Barancik M. Oxidative Stress and Pathways of Molecular Hydrogen Effects in Medicine. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:610-625. [PMID: 32954996 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200821114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are many situations of excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as radiation, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and inflammation. ROS contribute to and arises from numerous cellular pathologies, diseases, and aging. ROS can cause direct deleterious effects by damaging proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids as well as exert detrimental effects on several cell signaling pathways. However, ROS are important in many cellular functions. The injurious effect of excessive ROS can hypothetically be mitigated by exogenous antioxidants, but clinically this intervention is often not favorable. In contrast, molecular hydrogen provides a variety of advantages for mitigating oxidative stress due to its unique physical and chemical properties. H2 may be superior to conventional antioxidants, since it can selectively reduce ●OH radicals while preserving important ROS that are otherwise used for normal cellular signaling. Additionally, H2 exerts many biological effects, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-shock. H2 accomplishes these effects by indirectly regulating signal transduction and gene expression, each of which involves multiple signaling pathways and crosstalk. The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, which can be activated by H2, plays a critical role in regulating cellular redox balance, metabolism, and inducing adaptive responses against cellular stress. H2 also influences the crosstalk among the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis, which involve MAPKs, p53, Nrf2, NF-κB, p38 MAPK, mTOR, etc. The pleiotropic effects of molecular hydrogen on various proteins, molecules and signaling pathways can at least partly explain its almost universal pluripotent therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tyler W LeBaron
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pawan K Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Jozef Buday
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Abstract
The stereotype of ROS produced by NADPH oxidases as cause of malignant diseases persists in a generalized manner. In fact, high levels of ROS formation could be harmful in the context of a disease process. This study demonstrates that loss of the NADPH oxidase Nox4, as a constitutive source of ROS, promotes cancerogen-induced formation of solid tumors. Accordingly, a certain tonic, constitutive low level of Nox4-derived hydrogen peroxide appears to reduce the risk of cancerogen-induced tumor formation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause cellular damage and promote cancer development. Besides such harmful consequences of overproduction of ROS, all cells utilize ROS for signaling purposes and stabilization of cell homeostasis. In particular, the latter is supported by the NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) that constitutively produces low amounts of H2O2. By that mechanism, Nox4 forces differentiation of cells and prevents inflammation. We hypothesize a constitutive low level of H2O2 maintains basal activity of cellular surveillance systems and is unlikely to be cancerogenic. Utilizing two different murine models of cancerogen-induced solid tumors, we found that deletion of Nox4 promotes tumor formation and lowers recognition of DNA damage. Nox4 supports phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX), a prerequisite of DNA damage recognition, by retaining a sufficiently low abundance of the phosphatase PP2A in the nucleus. The underlying mechanism is continuous oxidation of AKT by Nox4. Interaction of oxidized AKT and PP2A captures the phosphatase in the cytosol. Absence of Nox4 facilitates nuclear PP2A translocation and dephosphorylation of γH2AX. Simultaneously AKT is left phosphorylated. Thus, in the absence of Nox4, DNA damage is not recognized and the increased activity of AKT supports proliferation. The combination of both events results in genomic instability and promotes tumor formation. By identifying Nox4 as a protective source of ROS in cancerogen-induced cancer, we provide a piece of knowledge for understanding the role of moderate production of ROS in preventing the initiation of malignancies.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are ubiquitous metabolic products and important cellular signaling molecules that contribute to several biological functions. Pathophysiology arises when ROS are generated either in excess or in cell types or subcellular locations that normally do not produce ROS or when non-physiological types of ROS (e.g., superoxide instead of hydrogen peroxide) are formed. In the latter scenario, antioxidants were considered as the apparent remedy but, clinically, have consistently failed and even sometimes induced harm. The obvious reason for that is the non-selective ROS scavenging effects of antioxidants which interfere with both qualities of ROS, physiological and pathological. Therefore, it is essential to overcome this "antidote or neutralizer" strategy. We here review the most promising alternative approach by identifying the disease-relevant enzymatic sources of ROS, target these selectively, but leave physiological ROS signaling through other sources intact. Among all ROS sources, NADPH oxidases (NOX1-5 and DUOX1-2) stand out as their sole function is to produce ROS, whereas most other enzymatic sources only produce ROS as a by-product or upon biochemical uncoupling or damage. This qualifies NOXs as the main potential drug-target candidates in diseases associated with dysfunction in ROS signaling. As a reflection of this, the development of several NOX inhibitors has taken place. Recently, the WHO approved a new stem, "naxib," which refers to NADPH oxidase inhibitors, and thereby recognized NOX inhibitors as a new therapeutic class. This has been announced while clinical trials with the first-in-class compound, setanaxib (initially known as GKT137831) had been initiated. We also review the differences between the seven NOX family members in terms of structure and function in health and disease and then focus on the most advanced NOX inhibitors with an exclusive focus on clinically relevant validations and applications. Therapeutically relevant NADPH oxidase isoforms type 1, 2, 4, and 5 (NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, NOX5). Of note, NOX5 is not present in mice and rats and thus pre-clinically less studied. NOX2, formerly termed gp91phox, has been correlated with many, too many, diseases and is rather relevant as genetic deficiency in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), treated by gene therapy. Overproduction of ROS through NOX1, NOX4, and NOX5 leads to the indicated diseases states including atherosclerosis (red), a condition where NOX4 is surprisingly protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School of MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | | | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School of MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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TBHQ-Overview of Multiple Mechanisms against Oxidative Stress for Attenuating Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8874304. [PMID: 33354283 PMCID: PMC7735854 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8874304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a derivative of amphetamines, a highly addictive central stimulant with multiple systemic toxicity including the brain, heart, liver, lung, and spleen. It has adverse effects such as apoptosis and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Methamphetamine is a fatal and toxic chemical substance, and its lethal mechanism has been widely studied in recent years. The possible mechanism is that methamphetamine can cause cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity mainly by inducing oxidative stress so as to generate heat, eliminate people's hunger and thirst, and maintain a state of excitement so that people can continue to exercise. According to many research, there is no doubt that methamphetamine triggers neurotoxicity by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and redox imbalance. This review summarized the mechanisms of methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity including apoptosis and blood-brain barrier breakdown through oxidative stress and analyzed several possible antioxidative mechanisms of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) which is a kind of food additive with antioxidative effects. As a nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) agonist, TBHQ may inhibit neurotoxicity caused by oxidative stress through the following three mechanisms: the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system, the astrocytes activation, and the glutathione pathway. The mechanism about methamphetamine's toxic effects and its antioxidative therapeutic drugs would become a research hotspot in this field and has very important research significance.
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An Overview of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Inflammation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225474. [PMID: 33238435 PMCID: PMC7700122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 628] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key driver in many pathological conditions such as allergy, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and many others, and the current state of available drugs prompted researchers to explore new therapeutic targets. In this context, accumulating evidence indicates that the transcription factor Nrf2 plays a pivotal role controlling the expression of antioxidant genes that ultimately exert anti-inflammatory functions. Nrf2 and its principal negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH- associated protein 1 (Keap1), play a central role in the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis and regulation of inflammation. Interestingly, Nrf2 is proved to contribute to the regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis, which is a potent anti-inflammatory target. Recent studies showed a connection between the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) system and the expression of inflammatory mediators, NF-κB pathway and macrophage metabolism. This suggests a new strategy for designing chemical agents as modulators of Nrf2 dependent pathways to target the immune response. Therefore, the present review will examine the relationship between Nrf2 signaling and the inflammation as well as possible approaches for the therapeutic modulation of this pathway.
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Saleh D, Abdelbaset M, Hassan A, Sharaf O, Mahmoud S, Hegazy R. Omega-3 fatty acids ameliorate doxorubicin-induced cardiorenal toxicity: In-vivo regulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and renal Nox4, and in-vitro preservation of the cytotoxic efficacy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242175. [PMID: 33180794 PMCID: PMC7660507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids (OMG), a frequently used nutritional therapy in cancer patients, against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced acute cardiorenal toxicity in rats, and evaluates the cytotoxic activity of DOX when used with OMG against breast cancer cell line. Five groups of rats were treated for 4 consecutive weeks with vehicle (groups I & II), or OMG (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day, po; groups III, IV & V, respectively). After twenty-four hours, the last four groups were injected with DOX (200 mg/kg, ip). In DOX-treated rats, the altered ECG, serum cardiac and renal function biomarkers, and histopathological features indicated the induction of cardiorenal toxicity. Increased oxidative and apoptotic markers in both organs was observed, with elevated renal contents of NADPH-oxidase-4 (Nox4) and renin. OMG pretreatment improved those DOX-induced impairments in a dose-dependent manner, and showed antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects with regulation of renal Nox4 expression. The in-vitro study showed preservation of the cytotoxic activity of DOX on MCF7 cell line in the presence of OMG. The data suggests OMG for protection against acute DOX-induced cardiorenal damage without affecting the latter antitumor activity. It proposes regulation of oxidative stress, Nox4 activity and apoptosis as contributing protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marawan Abdelbaset
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ola Sharaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sawsan Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Modulatory role of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Stenke E, Aviello G, Singh A, Martin S, Winter D, Sweeney B, McDermott M, Bourke B, Hussey S, Knaus UG. NADPH oxidase 4 is protective and not fibrogenic in intestinal inflammation. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101752. [PMID: 33059312 PMCID: PMC7567035 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated redox signaling and oxidative injury are associated with inflammatory processes and fibrosis. H2O2 generation by NOX4 has been suggested as a key driver in the development of fibrosis and a small molecule drug is under evaluation in clinical trials for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and primary biliary cholangitis. Fibrosis is a common complication in Crohn's disease (CD) leading to stricture formation in 35-40% of patients, who require surgical interventions in the absence of therapeutic options. Here we assess NOX4 expression in CD patients with inflammatory or stricturing disease and examine whether loss of NOX4 is beneficial in acute and fibrotic intestinal disease. NOX4 was upregulated in inflamed mucosal tissue of CD and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, in CD ileal strictures, and in mice with intestinal inflammation. Nox4 deficiency in mice promoted pathogen colonization and exacerbated tissue injury in acute bacterial and chemical colitis. In contrast, in two chronic injury models aberrant tissue remodeling and fibrosis-related gene expression did not differ substantially between Nox4-/- mice and wildtype mice, suggesting that Nox4 is dispensable in TGF-β1-driven intestinal fibrogenesis. While animal models do not recapitulate all the hallmarks of CD fibrosis, the tissue-protective role of Nox4 warrants a cautious approach to pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stenke
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabriella Aviello
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashish Singh
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Martin
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Des Winter
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Sweeney
- National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael McDermott
- National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Billy Bourke
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus Hussey
- National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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Pan LL, Ren Z, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Pan X, Fang X, Liang W, Wang Y, Yang J, Sun J. A novel danshensu derivative ameliorates experimental colitis by modulating NADPH oxidase 4-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12955-12969. [PMID: 32945118 PMCID: PMC7701520 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported a novel compound [4‐(2‐acetoxy‐3‐((R)‐3‐(benzylthio)‐1‐methoxy‐1‐oxopropan‐2‐ylamino)‐3‐oxopropyl)‐1,2‐phenylene diacetate (DSC)], derived from danshensu, exhibits cytoprotective activities in vitro. Here, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of DSC on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)‐induced experimental colitis. We found that DSC treatment afforded significant protection against the development of colitis, evidencing by suppressed inflammatory responses and enhanced barrier integrity. Intriguingly, DSC specifically down‐regulated DSS‐induced colonic NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression, accompanied by a balanced redox status, suppressed nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and up‐regulated nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 and haeme oxygenase‐1 expression. In vitro study also demonstrated DSC also markedly decreased Nox4 expression and activity associated with inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, NF‐κB activation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in bone marrow‐derived macrophages. Either lentiviral Nox4 shRNA‐mediated Nox4 knockdown or Nox4‐specific small‐interfering RNA mimicked effects of DSC by suppressing NLPR3 inflammasome activation to alleviate experimental colitis or inflammatory macrophage response. Collectively, our results provide the first evidence that DSC ameliorates experimental colitis partly through modulating Nox4‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhengnan Ren
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenjie Liang
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of General Surgery and Public Health Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Hahner F, Moll F, Schröder K. NADPH oxidases in the differentiation of endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:262-268. [PMID: 31393561 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells involves the modulation of highly interconnected metabolic and epigenetic processes. Therefore, the differentiation of endothelial cells is a tightly controlled process, which is adjusted at multiple levels, meaning that even the smallest variation can result in major consequences. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent a group of second messengers that can interfere with both metabolic and epigenetic processes. Besides their generation by mitochondria, ROS are produced in a controlled manner by the family of NADPH oxidases. The different members of the NADPH oxidase family produce superoxide anions or hydrogen peroxide. Due to the specific sub-cellular localization of the different NADPH oxidases, ROS are produced at diverse sites in the cell, such as the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum. Once produced, ROS interfere with proteins, lipids, and DNA to modulate intracellular signal cascades. Accordingly, ROS represent a group of readily available and specifically localized modulators of the highly sophisticated signalling network that eventually leads to the differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells. This review focuses on the role of NADPH oxidases in the differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hahner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franziska Moll
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Bellezza I, Riuzzi F, Chiappalupi S, Arcuri C, Giambanco I, Sorci G, Donato R. Reductive stress in striated muscle cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3547-3565. [PMID: 32072237 PMCID: PMC11105111 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reductive stress is defined as a condition of sustained increase in cellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide and NADH/NAD+ ratios. Reductive stress is emerging as an important pathophysiological event in several diseased states, being as detrimental as is oxidative stress. Occurrence of reductive stress has been documented in several cardiomyopathies and is an important pathophysiological factor particularly in coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Excess activation of the transcription factor, Nrf2-the master regulator of the antioxidant response-, consequent in most cases to defective autophagy, can lead to reductive stress. In addition, hyperglycemia-induced activation of the polyol pathway can lead to increased NADH/NAD+ ratio, which might translate into increased levels of hydrogen sulfide-via enhanced activity of cystathionine β-synthase-that would fuel reductive stress through inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Reductive stress may be either a potential weapon against cancer priming tumor cells to apoptosis or a cancer's ally promoting tumor cell proliferation and making tumor cells resistant to reactive oxygen species-inducing drugs. In non-cancer pathological states reductive stress is definitely harmful paradoxically leading to reactive oxygen species overproduction via excess NADPH oxidase 4 activity. In face of the documented occurrence of reductive stress in several heart diseases, there is much less information about the occurrence and effects of reductive stress in skeletal muscle tissue. In the present review we describe relevant results emerged from studies of reductive stress in the heart and review skeletal muscle conditions in which reductive stress has been experimentally documented and those in which reductive stress might have an as yet unrecognized pathophysiological role. Establishing whether reductive stress has a (patho)physiological role in skeletal muscle will hopefully contribute to answer the question whether antioxidant supplementation to the general population, athletes, and a large cohort of patients (e.g. heart, sarcopenic, dystrophic, myopathic, cancer, and bronco-pulmonary patients) is harmless or detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ileana Giambanco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario Di Ricerca Sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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Effects of Functionalized Fullerenes on ROS Homeostasis Determine Their Cytoprotective or Cytotoxic Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071405. [PMID: 32707664 PMCID: PMC7407884 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functionalized fullerenes (FF) can be considered regulators of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis; their direct oxidative damage-as well as regulation of oxidant enzymes and signaling pathways-should be considered. METHODS Uptake of two water-soluble functionalized C70 fullerenes with different types of aromatic addends (ethylphenylmalonate and thienylacetate) in human fetal lung fibroblasts, intracellular ROS visualization, superoxide scavenging potential, NOX4 expression, NRF2 expression, oxidative DNA damage, repair genes, cell proliferation and cell cycle were studied. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The intracellular effects of ethylphenylmalonate C70 derivative (FF1) can be explained in terms of upregulated NOX4 activity. The intracellular effects of thienylacetate C70 derivative (FF2) can be probably resulted from its superoxide scavenging potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. FF1 can be considered a NOX4 upregulator and potential cytotoxicant and FF2, as a superoxide scavenger and a potential cytoprotector.
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Irazabal MV, Torres VE. Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Signaling in Chronic Kidney Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061342. [PMID: 32481548 PMCID: PMC7349188 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a worldwide public health problem associated with serious complications and increased mortality rates. Accumulating evidence indicates that elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in the pathogenesis of CKD. Increased intracellular levels of ROS can lead to oxidation of lipids, DNA, and proteins, contributing to cellular damage. On the other hand, ROS are also important secondary messengers in cellular signaling. Consequently, normal kidney cell function relies on the "right" amount of ROS. Mitochondria and NADPH oxidases represent major sources of ROS in the kidney, but renal antioxidant systems, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase counterbalance ROS-mediated injury. This review discusses the main sources of ROS and antioxidant systems in the kidney, and redox signaling pathways leading to inflammation and fibrosis, which result in abnormal kidney function and CKD progression. We further discuss the important role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in regulating antioxidant responses, and other mechanisms of redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Irazabal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(507)-293-6388; Fax: +1-(507)-266-9315
| | - Vicente E. Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Rajaram RD, Dissard R, Jaquet V, de Seigneux S. Potential benefits and harms of NADPH oxidase type 4 in the kidneys and cardiovascular system. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:567-576. [PMID: 29931336 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main function of NADPH oxidases is to catalyse the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is expressed at high levels in kidney tubular cells, and at lower levels in endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and other cell types under physiological conditions. NOX4 is constitutively active producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the prevalent ROS detected, whereas other NOX isoforms present in the renal and cardiovascular systems (i.e. NOX1, NOX2 and NOX5) generate superoxide radical anions as main products. Pharmacological inhibition of NOX4 has received enormous attention for its potential therapeutic benefit in fibrotic disease and nephropathologies. Ongoing clinical trials are testing this approach in humans. Diabetes elevates NOX4 expression in podocytes and mesangial cells, which was shown to damage glomeruli leading to podocyte loss, mesangial cell hypertrophy and matrix accumulation. Consequently, NOX4 represents an interesting therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy. On the contrary, experiments using NOX4-deficient mice have shown that NOX4 is cytoprotective in tubular cells, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, and has a metabolism-regulating role when these cells are subjected to injury. Mice with systemic NOX4 deletion are more susceptible to acute and chronic tubular injury, heart failure and atherosclerosis. Overall, the current literature suggests a detrimental role of increased NOX4 expression in mesangial cells and podocytes during diabetic nephropathy, but a cytoprotective role of this enzyme in other cellular types where it is expressed endogenously. We review here the recent evidence on the role of NOX4 in the kidneys and cardiovascular system. With the emergence of pharmacological NOX4 inhibitors in clinical trials, caution should be taken in identifying potential side effects in patients prone to acute kidney injury and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuga D Rajaram
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Service of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romain Dissard
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Service of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Service of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Alves R, Suehiro CL, Oliveira FGD, Frantz EDC, Medeiros RFD, Vieira RDP, Martins MDA, Lin CJ, Nobrega ACLD, Toledo-Arruda ACD. Aerobic exercise modulates cardiac NAD(P)H oxidase and the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in a mouse model of chronic fructose consumption. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:59-69. [PMID: 31647720 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00201.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of exercise on the cardiac nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) factor 2 (NRF2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) pathway in an experimental model of chronic fructose consumption. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to Control, Fructose (20% fructose in drinking water), Exercise (treadmill exercise at moderate intensity), and Fructose + Exercise groups ( n = 10). After 12 wk, the energy intake and body weight in the groups were similar. Maximum exercise testing, resting energy expenditure, resting oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production increased in the exercise groups (Exercise and Fructose + Exercise vs. Control and Fructose groups, P < 0.05). Chronic fructose intake induced circulating hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperleptinemia and increased white adipose tissue depots, with no changes in blood pressure. This metabolic environment increased circulating IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac NF-κB-p65 and TNF-α expression, which were reduced by exercise ( P < 0.05). Cardiac ANG II type 1 receptor and NAD(P)H oxidase 2 (NOX2) were increased by fructose intake and exercise decreased this response ( P < 0.05). Exercise increased the cardiac expression of the NRF2-to-KEAP1 ratio and phase II antioxidants in fructose-fed mice ( P < 0.05). NOX4, glutathione reductase, and catalase protein expression were similar between the groups. These findings suggest that exercise confers modulatory cardiac effects, improving antioxidant defenses through the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway and decreasing oxidative stress, representing a potential nonpharmacological approach to protect against fructose-induced cardiometabolic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to evaluate the cardiac modulation of NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX), the NRF2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 pathway (KEAP), and the thioredoxin (TRX1) system through exercise in the presence of moderate fructose intake. We demonstrated a novel mechanism by which exercise improves cardiac antioxidant defenses in an experimental model of chronic fructose intake, which involves NRF2-to-KEAP1 ratio modulation, enhancing the local phase II antioxidants hemoxygenase-1, thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1), and peroxiredoxin1B (PDRX1), and inhibiting cardiac NOX2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Alves
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Liyoko Suehiro
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Garcia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Frauches de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, Campus Itaquera, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Chin Jia Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Choqueta de Toledo-Arruda
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Fang Y, Gao F, Liu Z. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 attenuates inflammatory response and oxidative stress in hyperoxic lung injury by regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. QJM 2019; 112:914-924. [PMID: 31393582 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in hyperoxic lung injury. METHODS Adult mice were exposed to 95% O2 for 72 h to induce hyperoxic lung injury, and simultaneously treated with ACE2 agonist diminazene aceturate (DIZE) or inhibitor MLN-4760. ACE2 expression/activity in lung tissue and angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7)/Ang II in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the severity of hyperoxic lung injury were evaluated. The levels of inflammatory factors in BALF and lung tissue and the expression levels of phospho-p65, p65 and IkBα were measured. Oxidative parameter and antioxidant enzyme levels in lung tissue were measured to assess oxidative stress. Finally, the expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2), NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured using Western blotting. RESULTS Hyperoxia treatment significantly decreased lung ACE2 expression/activity and increased the Ang II/Ang-(1-7) ratio, while co-treatment with hyperoxia and DIZE significantly increased lung ACE2 expression/activity and decreased the Ang II/Ang-(1-7) ratio. By contrast, co-treatment with hyperoxia and MLN-4760 significantly decreased lung ACE2 expression/activity and increased the Ang II/Ang-(1-7) ratio. Hyperoxia treatment induced significant lung injury, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which were attenuated by DIZE but aggravated by MLN-4760. The NF-κB pathways were activated by hyperoxia and MLN-4760 but inhibited by DIZE. The Nrf2 pathway and its downstream proteins NQO1 and HO-1 were activated by DIZE but inhibited by MLN-4760. CONCLUSION Activation of ACE2 can reduce the severity of hyperoxic lung injury by inhibiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress. ACE2 can inhibit the NF-κB pathway and activate the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway, which may be involved in the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 WuJin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - F Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Construction Group Hospital, No. 666, Zhongshan North 1st Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 WuJing Road, Shanghai, China
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50
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Magdaleno F, Blajszczak CC, Charles-Niño CL, Guadrón-Llanos AM, Vázquez-Álvarez AO, Miranda-Díaz AG, Nieto N, Islas-Carbajal MC, Rincón-Sánchez AR. Aminoguanidine reduces diabetes-associated cardiac fibrosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3125-3138. [PMID: 31572553 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoguanidine (AG) inhibits advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) accumulated as a result of excessive oxidative stress in diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism by which AG reduces AGE-associated damage in diabetes is not well understood. Thus, we investigated whether AG supplementation mitigates oxidative-associated cardiac fibrosis in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty-five male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control, T2DM and T2DM+AG. Rats were fed with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) for 2 weeks and rendered diabetic using low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) (20 mg/kg), and one group was treated with AG (20 mg/kg) up to 25 weeks. In vitro experiments were performed in primary rat myofibroblasts to confirm the antioxidant and antifibrotic effects of AG and to determine if blocking the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) prevents the fibrogenic response in myofibroblasts. Diabetic rats exhibited an increase in cardiac fibrosis resulting from HFCD and STZ injections. By contrast, AG treatment significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and oxidative-associated Nox4 and Nos2 mRNA expression. In vitro challenge of myofibroblasts with AG under T2DM conditions reduced intra- and extracellular collagen type I expression and Pdgfb, Tgfβ1 and Col1a1 mRNAs, albeit with similar expression of Tnfα and Il6 mRNAs. This was accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and SMAD2/3 but not of AKT1/2/3 and STAT pathways. RAGE blockade further attenuated collagen type I expression in AG-treated myofibroblasts. Thus, AG reduces oxidative stress-associated cardiac fibrosis by reducing pERK1/2, pSMAD2/3 and collagen type I expression via AGE/RAGE signaling in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Magdaleno
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Claudia Lisette Charles-Niño
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico.,Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center of Health Sciences, Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Alma Marlene Guadrón-Llanos
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Alan Omar Vázquez-Álvarez
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - María Cristina Islas-Carbajal
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Ana Rosa Rincón-Sánchez
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
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