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Yan H, Hu Y, Lyu Y, Akk A, Hirbe AC, Wickline SA, Pan H, Roberson EDO, Pham CTN. Systemic delivery of murine SOD2 mRNA to experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm mitigates expansion and rupture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599454. [PMID: 38948794 PMCID: PMC11212962 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Antioxidant delivery as a therapeutic for AAA is of substantial interest although clinical translation of antioxidant therapy has met with significant challenges due to limitations in achieving sufficient antioxidant levels at the site of AAA. We posit that nanoparticle-based approaches hold promise to overcome challenges associated with systemic administration of antioxidants. Methods We employed a peptide-based nanoplatform to overexpress a key modulator of oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). The efficacy of systemic delivery of SOD2 mRNA as a nanotherapeutic agent was studied in two different murine AAA models. Unbiased mass spectrometry-enabled proteomics and high-dimensional bioinformatics were used to examine pathways modulated by SOD2 overexpression. Results The murine SOD2 mRNA sequence was mixed with p5RHH, an amphipathic peptide capable of delivering nucleic acids in vivo to form self-assembled nanoparticles of ∼55 nm in diameter. We further demonstrated that the nanoparticle was stable and functional up to four weeks following self-assembly when coated with hyaluronic acid. Delivery of SOD2 mRNA mitigated the expansion of small AAA and largely prevented rupture. Mitigation of AAA was accompanied by enhanced SOD2 protein expression in aortic wall tissue. Concomitant suppression of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and cell death was observed. Proteomic profiling of AAA tissues suggests that SOD2 overexpression augments levels of microRNAs that regulate vascular inflammation and cell apoptosis, inhibits platelet activation/aggregation, and downregulates mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Gene set enrichment analysis shows that SOD2 mRNA delivery is associated with activation of oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, respiratory electron transportation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways. Conclusions These results confirm that SOD2 is key modulator of oxidative stress in AAA. This nanotherapeutic mRNA delivery approach may find translational application in the medical management of small AAA and the prevention of AAA rupture.
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Dang Z, Li H, Xue S, Shao B, Ning Y, Su G, Zhang F, Yu W, Leng S. Histone deacetylase 9-mediated phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells is a potential target for treating aortic aneurysm/dissection. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116396. [PMID: 38460370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm/dissection (AAD) is a serious cardiovascular condition characterized by rapid onset and high mortality rates. Currently, no effective drug treatment options are known for AAD. AAD pathogenesis is associated with the phenotypic transformation and abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, endogenous factors that contribute to AAD progression remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) in AAD pathogenesis. HDAC9 expression was considerably increased in human thoracic aortic dissection specimens. Using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that HDAC9 transcriptionally inhibited the expression of superoxide dismutase 2 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3, which are critically involved in various signaling pathways. Furthermore, HDAC9 triggered the transformation of VSMCs from a systolic to synthetic phenotype, increasing their proliferation and migration abilities and suppressing their apoptosis. Consistent with these results, in vivo experiments revealed that TMP195, a pharmacological inhibitor of HDAC9, suppressed the formation of the β-aminopropionitrile-induced AAD phenotype in mice. Our findings indicate that HDAC9 may be a novel endogenous risk factor that promotes the onset of AAD by mediating the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. Therefore, HDAC9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for drug-based AAD treatment. Furthermore, TMP195 holds potential as a therapeutic agent for AAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiao Dang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Haijie Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Shishan Xue
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Baowei Shao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Yansong Ning
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Guohai Su
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Fengquan Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China.
| | - Wenqian Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China.
| | - Shuai Leng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China.
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Lee AS, Kim Y, Hur HJ, Lee SH, Sung MJ. Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Extract Attenuates Homocysteine-Induced Vascular Inflammation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Med Food 2023; 26:869-876. [PMID: 38010869 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a main risk factor for phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and atherosclerosis. Phenotypic switching and proliferation of VSMCs are related to the progression of vascular inflammation. Chrysanthemum coronarium L. is a leafy vegetable with various biological functions, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects. In this study, we aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic and preventive effects of C. coronarium L. extract (CC) in regulating homocysteine (Hcy)-induced vascular inflammation in human aortic VSMCs. CC did not exhibit cytotoxicity and inhibited Hcy-stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration. In addition, CC promoted Hcy-induced expression of VSMC contractile phenotype proteins, including alpha-smooth muscle actin, calponin, and smooth muscle 22α. CC also decreased Hcy-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and expression of inflammatory markers nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-4 and soluble epoxide hydrolase. These results showed that CC attenuates Hcy-induced inflammatory responses, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic or preventive target for Hcy-induced vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Sin Lee
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiseul Kim
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Sung
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Wu T, Li N, Zhang Q, Liu R, Zhao H, Fan Z, Zhuo L, Yang Y, Xu Y. MKL1 fuels ROS-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by modulating FOXM1 transcription. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102586. [PMID: 36587486 PMCID: PMC9823229 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotes vascular injury and neointima formation in part by stimulating proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The underlying transcriptional mechanism, however, is not completely understood. Here we report that VSMC-specific deletion of MKL1 in mice suppressed neointima formation in a classic model of vascular injury. Likewise, pharmaceutical inhibition of MKL1 activity by CCG-1423 similarly mollified neointima formation in mice. Over-expression of a constitutively active MKL1 in vascular smooth muscle cells enhanced proliferation in a ROS-dependent manner. On the contrary, MKL1 depletion or inhibition attenuated VSMC proliferation. PCR array based screening identified forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) as a direct target for MKL1. MKL1 interacted with E2F1 to activate FOXM1 expression. Concordantly, FOXM1 depletion ameliorated MKL1-dependent VSMC proliferation. Of interest, ROS-induced MKL1 phosphorylation through MK2 was essential for its interaction with E2F1 and consequently FOXM1 trans-activation. Importantly, a positive correlation between FOXM1 expression and VSMC proliferation was identified in arterial specimens from patients with restenosis. Taken together, our data suggest that a redox-sensitive phosphorylation-switch of MKL1 activates FOXM1 transcription and mediates ROS fueled vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Targeting the MK-2/MKL1/FOXM1 axis may be considered as a reasonable approach for treatment of restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhuo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Biomedical Research and College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Biomedical Research and College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
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Roberts-Craig FT, Worthington LP, O’Hara SP, Erickson JR, Heather AK, Ashley Z. CaMKII Splice Variants in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: The Next Step or Redundancy? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147916. [PMID: 35887264 PMCID: PMC9318135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) help to maintain the normal physiological contractility of arterial vessels to control blood pressure; they can also contribute to vascular disease such as atherosclerosis. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), a multifunctional enzyme with four isoforms and multiple alternative splice variants, contributes to numerous functions within VSMCs. The role of these isoforms has been widely studied across numerous tissue types; however, their functions are still largely unknown within the vasculature. Even more understudied is the role of the different splice variants of each isoform in such signaling pathways. This review evaluates the role of the different CaMKII splice variants in vascular pathological and physiological mechanisms, aiming to show the need for more research to highlight both the deleterious and protective functions of the various splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn T. Roberts-Craig
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.P.W.); (S.P.O.); (J.R.E.); (A.K.H.)
| | - Luke P. Worthington
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.P.W.); (S.P.O.); (J.R.E.); (A.K.H.)
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Samuel P. O’Hara
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.P.W.); (S.P.O.); (J.R.E.); (A.K.H.)
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey R. Erickson
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.P.W.); (S.P.O.); (J.R.E.); (A.K.H.)
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Alison K. Heather
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.P.W.); (S.P.O.); (J.R.E.); (A.K.H.)
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Zoe Ashley
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.P.W.); (S.P.O.); (J.R.E.); (A.K.H.)
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3-479-7646
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Huynh DTN, Jin Y, Van Nguyen D, Myung CS, Heo KS. Ginsenoside Rh1 Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Proliferation through Suppression of the ROS-Mediated ERK1/2/p90RSK/KLF4 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040643. [PMID: 35453328 PMCID: PMC9030830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration play key roles in the progression of atherosclerosis and restenosis. A variety of ginsenosides exert various cardiovascular benefits. However, whether and how ginsenoside Rh1 (Rh1) inhibits VSMC dysfunction remain unclear. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Rh1 on rat aortic smooth muscle cell (RASMC) migration and proliferation induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) and the underlying mechanisms. Cell proliferation and migration were evaluated using sulforhodamine B and wound-healing assay. The molecular mechanisms were investigated using Western blotting, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and luciferase assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using dihydroethidium and MitoSOX staining. We found that Rh1 dose-dependently suppressed Ang II-induced cell proliferation and migration. Concomitantly, Ang II increased protein levels of osteopontin, vimentin, MMP2, MMP9, PCNA, and cyclin D1, while these were reduced by Rh1 pretreatment. Notably, Ang II enhanced both the protein expression and promoter activity of KLF4, a key regulator of phenotypic switching, whereas pretreatment with Rh1 reversed these effects. Mechanistically, the effects of Rh1 on VSMC proliferation and migration were found to be associated with inhibition of ERK1/2/p90RSK signaling. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of Rh1 were accompanied by inhibition of ROS production. In conclusion, Rh1 inhibited the Ang II-induced migration and proliferation of RASMCs by suppressing the ROS-mediated ERK1/2/p90RSK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem Thi Ngoc Huynh
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.T.N.H.); (Y.J.); (D.V.N.); (C.-S.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Yujin Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.T.N.H.); (Y.J.); (D.V.N.); (C.-S.M.)
| | - Dung Van Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.T.N.H.); (Y.J.); (D.V.N.); (C.-S.M.)
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.T.N.H.); (Y.J.); (D.V.N.); (C.-S.M.)
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.T.N.H.); (Y.J.); (D.V.N.); (C.-S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-5927
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7
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Jiang Z, Cui X, Qu P, Shang C, Xiang M, Wang J. Roles and mechanisms of puerarin on cardiovascular disease:A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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8
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Dosunmu-Ogunbi A, Yuan S, Shiwarski DJ, Tashman JW, Reynolds M, Feinberg A, Novelli EM, Shiva S, Straub AC. Endothelial superoxide dismutase 2 is decreased in sickle cell disease and regulates fibronectin processing. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2022; 3:zqac005. [PMID: 35274104 PMCID: PMC8900267 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic red blood cell disorder characterized by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a concordant reduction in antioxidant capacity in the endothelium. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a mitochondrial-localized enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Decreased peripheral blood expression of SOD2 is correlated with increased hemolysis and cardiomyopathy in SCD. Here, we report for the first time that endothelial cells exhibit reduced SOD2 protein expression in the pulmonary endothelium of SCD patients. To investigate the impact of decreased SOD2 expression in the endothelium, SOD2 was knocked down in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (hPMVECs). We found that SOD2 deficiency in hPMVECs results in endothelial cell dysfunction, including reduced cellular adhesion, diminished migration, integrin protein dysregulation, and disruption of permeability. Furthermore, we uncover that SOD2 mediates changes in endothelial cell function via processing of fibronectin through its inability to facilitate dimerization. These results demonstrate that endothelial cells are deficient in SOD2 expression in SCD patients and suggest a novel pathway for SOD2 in regulating fibronectin processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke Dosunmu-Ogunbi
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Shiwarski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua W Tashman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Reynolds
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enrico M Novelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Madan S, Uttekar B, Chowdhary S, Rikhy R. Mitochondria Lead the Way: Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function in Cellular Movements in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781933. [PMID: 35186947 PMCID: PMC8848284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics, distribution and activity of subcellular organelles are integral to regulating cell shape changes during various physiological processes such as epithelial cell formation, cell migration and morphogenesis. Mitochondria are famously known as the powerhouse of the cell and play an important role in buffering calcium, releasing reactive oxygen species and key metabolites for various activities in a eukaryotic cell. Mitochondrial dynamics and morphology changes regulate these functions and their regulation is, in turn, crucial for various morphogenetic processes. In this review, we evaluate recent literature which highlights the role of mitochondrial morphology and activity during cell shape changes in epithelial cell formation, cell division, cell migration and tissue morphogenesis during organism development and in disease. In general, we find that mitochondrial shape is regulated for their distribution or translocation to the sites of active cell shape dynamics or morphogenesis. Often, key metabolites released locally and molecules buffered by mitochondria play crucial roles in regulating signaling pathways that motivate changes in cell shape, mitochondrial shape and mitochondrial activity. We conclude that mechanistic analysis of interactions between mitochondrial morphology, activity, signaling pathways and cell shape changes across the various cell and animal-based model systems holds the key to deciphering the common principles for this interaction.
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Construction of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm to Explore Its Potential Pathogenesis. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:9916881. [PMID: 34777635 PMCID: PMC8589483 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9916881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a progressive cardiovascular disease, which is a permanent and localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta with potentially fatal consequence of aortic rupture. Dysregulation of circRNAs is correlated with the development of various pathological events in cardiovascular diseases. However, the function of circRNAs in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is unknown and remains to be explored. This study is aimed at determining the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in AAAs. This study was aimed at exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms of abdominal aortic aneurysms based on the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory hypothesis of circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA. Methods The expression profiles of circRNAs (GSE144431), miRNAs (GSE62179), and mRNAs (GSE7084, GSE57691, and GSE47472) in human tissue sample from the aneurysm group and normal group were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, respectively. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software; then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by using the STRING database, and the hub genes were identified by using the cytoHubba plug-in. The circRNA-miRNA-hub gene regulatory subnetwork was formed to understand the regulatory axis of hub genes in AAAs. Results The present study identified 40 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) in the GSE144431, 90 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) in the GSE62179, and 168 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) with the same direction regulation (130 downregulated and 38 upregulated) in the GSE7084, GSE57691, and GSE47472 datasets identified regarding AAAs. The miRNA response elements (MREs) of three DECs were then predicted. Four overlapping miRNAs were obtained by intersecting the predicted miRNA and DEmiRs. Then, 17 overlapping mRNAs were obtained by intersecting the predicted target mRNAs of 4 miRNAs with 168 DEGs. Furthermore, the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed through 3 circRNAs, 4 miRNAs, and 17 mRNAs, and three hub genes (SOD2, CCR7, and PGRMC1) were identified. Simultaneously, functional enrichment and pathway analysis were performed within genes in the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Three of them (SOD2, CCR7, and PGRMC1) were suggested to be crucial based on functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction, and ceRNA network analysis. Furthermore, the expression of SOD2 and CCR7 may be regulated by hsa_circ_0011449/hsa_circ_0081968/hsa-let-7f-5p; the expression of PGRMC1 may be regulated by hsa_circ_0011449/hsa_circ_0081968-hsa-let-7f-5p/hsa-let-7e-5p. Conclusion In conclusion, the ceRNA interaction axis we identified may be an important target for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. This study provided further understanding of the potential pathogenesis from the perspective of the circRNA-related competitive endogenous RNA network in AAAs.
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Zhunina OA, Yabbarov NG, Grechko AV, Starodubova AV, Ivanova E, Nikiforov NG, Orekhov AN. The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Vascular Disease, Tumorigenesis, and Diabetes. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:671908. [PMID: 34026846 PMCID: PMC8138126 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.671908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to be associated with a wide range of human pathologies, such as cancer, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. One of the possible ways of mitochondrial involvement in the cellular damage is excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) that cannot be effectively neutralized by existing antioxidant systems. In mitochondria, ROS and RNS can contribute to protein and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage causing failure of enzymatic chains and mutations that can impair mitochondrial function. These processes further lead to abnormal cell signaling, premature cell senescence, initiation of inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have identified numerous mtDNA mutations associated with different human pathologies. Some of them result in imbalanced oxidative phosphorylation, while others affect mitochondrial protein synthesis. In this review, we discuss the role of mtDNA mutations in cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis. We provide a list of currently described mtDNA mutations associated with each pathology and discuss the possible future perspective of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Zhunina
- Chemical Biology Department, Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita G. Yabbarov
- Chemical Biology Department, Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina Ivanova
- Department of Basic Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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Ran R, Cai D, King SD, Que X, Bath JM, Chen SY. Surfactant Protein A, a Novel Regulator for Smooth Muscle Phenotypic Modulation and Vascular Remodeling-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:808-814. [PMID: 33267655 PMCID: PMC8105259 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine the role of SPA (surfactant protein A) in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling. Approach and Results: PDGF-BB (Platelet-derived growth factor-BB) and serum induced SPA expression while downregulating SMC marker gene expression in SMCs. SPA deficiency increased the contractile protein expression. Mechanistically, SPA deficiency enhanced the expression of myocardin and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β, the key regulators for contractile SMC phenotype. In vivo, SPA was induced in medial and neointimal SMCs following mechanical injury in both rat and mouse carotid arteries. SPA knockout in mice dramatically attenuated the wire injury-induced intimal hyperplasia while restoring SMC contractile protein expression in medial SMCs. These data indicate that SPA plays an important role in SMC phenotype modulation and vascular remodeling in vivo. CONCLUSIONS SPA is a novel protein factor modulating SMC phenotype. Blocking the abnormal elevation of SPA may be a potential strategy to inhibit the development of proliferative vascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Carotid Arteries/drug effects
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hyperplasia
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/genetics
- Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ran
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Dunpeng Cai
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Skylar D. King
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Xingyi Que
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Jonathan M. Bath
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
- The Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
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13
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Tsai YT, Yeh HY, Chao CT, Chiang CK. Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) in Vascular Calcification: A Focus on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Calcification Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Strategies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6675548. [PMID: 33728027 PMCID: PMC7935587 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6675548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) describes the pathophysiological phenotype of calcium apatite deposition within the vascular wall, leading to vascular stiffening and the loss of compliance. VC is never benign; the presence and severity of VC correlate closely with the risk of myocardial events and cardiovascular mortality in multiple at-risk populations such as patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction involving each of vascular wall constituents (endothelia and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)) aggravates various vascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis and VC. However, few studies address the pathogenic role of mitochondrial dysfunction during the course of VC, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) seem to lie in the pathophysiologic epicenter. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), through its preferential localization to the mitochondria, stands at the forefront against mitochondrial ROS in VSMCs and thus potentially modifies the probability of VC initiation or progression. In this review, we will provide a literature-based summary regarding the relationship between SOD2 and VC in the context of VSMCs. Apart from the conventional wisdom of attenuating mitochondrial ROS, SOD2 has been found to affect mitophagy and the formation of the autophagosome, suppress JAK/STAT as well as PI3K/Akt signaling, and retard vascular senescence, all of which underlie the beneficial influences on VC exerted by SOD2. More importantly, we outline the therapeutic potential of a novel SOD2-targeted strategy for the treatment of VC, including an ever-expanding list of pharmaceuticals and natural compounds. It is expected that VSMC SOD2 will become an important druggable target for treating VC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Tien Tsai
- 1Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Yeh
- 2School of Big Data Management, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- 1Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- 3Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- 4Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- 4Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Sun J, Shen Z, Niu X, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Zhang T, He K, Xu H, Liu S, Ho SSH, Li X, Cao J. Cytotoxicity and Potential Pathway to Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by PM 2.5 Emitted from Raw Coal Chunks and Clean Coal Combustion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14482-14493. [PMID: 33138382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion emits a large amount of PM2.5 (particulate matters with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm) and causes adverse damages to the cardiovascular system. In this study, emissions from anthracite and bitumite were examined. Red mud (RM) acts as an additive and is mixed in coal briquettes with a content of 0-10% as a single variable to demonstrate the reduction in the PM2.5 emissions. Burnt in a regulated combustion chamber, the 10% RM-containing bitumite and anthracite briquettes showed 52.3 and 18.6% reduction in PM2.5, respectively, compared with their chunk coals. Lower cytotoxicity (in terms of oxidative stresses and inflammation factors) was observed for PM2.5 emitted from the RM-containing briquettes than those from non-RM briquettes, especially for the bitumite groups. Besides, the results of western blotting illustrated that the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK was the potential pathway for the reduction of cytokine levels by the RM addition. The regression analyses further demonstrated that the reduction was attributed to the lower emissions of transition metals (i.e., Mn) and PAHs (i.e., acenaphthene). This pilot study provides solid evidence for the cytotoxicity to vascular smooth muscle cells induced by PM2.5 from coal combustion and potential solutions for reducing the emission of toxic pollutants from human health perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xinyi Niu
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Kun He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Divison of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada 89512, United States
| | - Xuxiang Li
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
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15
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Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
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16
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Abstract
Mitochondria regulate major aspects of cell function by producing ATP, contributing to Ca2+ signaling, influencing redox potential, and controlling levels of reactive oxygen species. In this review, we will discuss recent findings that illustrate how mitochondrial respiration, Ca2+ handling, and production of reactive oxygen species affect vascular smooth muscle cell function during neointima formation. We will review mitochondrial fission/fusion as fundamental mechanisms for smooth muscle proliferation, migration, and metabolism and examine the role of mitochondrial mobility in cell migration. In addition, we will summarize novel aspects by which mitochondria regulate apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Grumbach
- From the Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (I.M.G., E.K.N.), University of Iowa, Iowa City.,Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center (I.M.G.), University of Iowa, Iowa City.,Iowa City VA Health Care System (I.M.G.)
| | - Emily K Nguyen
- From the Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (I.M.G., E.K.N.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shi
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Shi-You Chen
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens.
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18
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Wan Q, Liu Z, Yang Y. Puerarin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation induced by fine particulate matter via suppressing of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:146. [PMID: 29728095 PMCID: PMC5935934 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major risk factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Proliferation and infiltration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the blood vessel media into the intima is a crucial step in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Puerarin, a natural extract from Radix Puerariae, possesses significant anti-atherosclerosis properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the effect of puerarin on the VSMCs proliferation induced by PM2.5 remain unclear. The present study was designed to examine the effect of puerarin on PM2.5-induced VSMCs proliferation, and to explore the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signal mechanism involved. Methods VSMCs viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, VSMCs proliferation was assessed by BrdU immunofluorescence, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were assayed by colorimetric assay kits, the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were determined by nitrate reductase method and radioimmunoassay, the levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. The protein expressions of phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the VSMCs were subjected by Western blot. Results Compared to the PM2.5-treated cells, in addition to inhibiting the PM2.5-induced VSMCs proliferation, puerarin also down-regulated the protein expressions of p-p38 MAPK and PCNA, decreased the levels of ET-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA, increased the levels of NO and SOD. Moreover, the anti-proliferative effects of puerarin were significantly enhanced by the co-incubation of puerarin with SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, as compared to the puerarin-treated cells. Conclusion These results suggest that puerarin might suppress the PM2.5-induced VSMCs proliferation via the inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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19
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Rathinasabapathy A, Bryant AJ, Suzuki T, Moore C, Shay S, Gladson S, West JD, Carrier EJ. rhACE2 Therapy Modifies Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension via Rescue of Vascular Remodeling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:271. [PMID: 29731719 PMCID: PMC5922219 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiovascular disease, characterized by endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction and vascular remodeling, followed by right heart failure. Group III PH develops secondarily to chronic lung disease such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and both hastens and predicts mortality despite of all known pharmacological interventions. Thus, there is urgent need for development of newer treatment strategies. Objective: Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a member of the renin angiotensin family, is therapeutically beneficial in animal models of pulmonary vascular diseases and is currently in human clinical trials for primary PH. Although previous studies suggest that administration of ACE2 prevents PH secondary to bleomycin-induced murine IPF, it is unknown whether ACE2 can reverse or treat existing disease. Therefore, in the present study, we tested the efficacy of ACE2 in arresting the progression of group 3 PH. Methods: To establish pulmonary fibrosis, we administered 0.018 U/g bleomycin 2x/week for 4 weeks in adult FVB/N mice, and sacrificed 5 weeks following the first injection. ACE2 or vehicle was administered via osmotic pump for the final 2 weeks, beginning 3 weeks after bleomycin. Echocardiography and hemodynamic assessment was performed prior to sacrifice and tissue collection. Results: Administration of bleomycin significantly increased lung collagen expression, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and pulmonary arterial pressure, and led to mild right ventricular hypertrophy. Acute treatment with ACE2 significantly attenuated vascular remodeling and increased pulmonary SOD2 expression without measurable effects on pulmonary fibrosis. This was associated with nonsignificant positive effects on pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac function. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings enumerate that ACE2 treatment improved pulmonary vascular muscularization following bleomycin exposure, concomitant with increased SOD2 expression. Although it may not alter the pulmonary disease course of IPF, ACE2 could be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of group 3 PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Bryant
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Toshio Suzuki
- Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christy Moore
- Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sheila Shay
- Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Santhi Gladson
- Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James D. West
- Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Erica J. Carrier
- Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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20
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Nguyen EK, Koval OM, Noble P, Broadhurst K, Allamargot C, Wu M, Strack S, Thiel WH, Grumbach IM. CaMKII (Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II) in Mitochondria of Smooth Muscle Cells Controls Mitochondrial Mobility, Migration, and Neointima Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1333-1345. [PMID: 29599132 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to define the mechanisms by which mitochondria control vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and impact neointimal hyperplasia. APPROACH AND RESULTS The multifunctional CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II) in the mitochondrial matrix of VSMC drove a feed-forward circuit with the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) to promote matrix Ca2+ influx. MCU was necessary for the activation of mitochondrial CaMKII (mtCaMKII), whereas mtCaMKII phosphorylated MCU at the regulatory site S92 that promotes Ca2+ entry. mtCaMKII was necessary and sufficient for platelet-derived growth factor-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. This effect was dependent on MCU. mtCaMKII and MCU inhibition abrogated VSMC migration and mitochondrial translocation to the leading edge. Overexpression of wild-type MCU, but not MCU S92A, mutant in MCU-/- VSMC rescued migration and mitochondrial mobility. Inhibition of microtubule, but not of actin assembly, blocked mitochondrial mobility. The outer mitochondrial membrane GTPase Miro-1 promotes mitochondrial mobility via microtubule transport but arrests it in subcellular domains of high Ca2+ concentrations. In Miro-1-/- VSMC, mitochondrial mobility and VSMC migration were abolished, and overexpression of mtCaMKII or a CaMKII inhibitory peptide in mitochondria (mtCaMKIIN) had no effect. Consistently, inhibition of mtCaMKII increased and prolonged cytosolic Ca2+ transients. mtCaMKII inhibition diminished phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and myosin light chain, leading to reduced focal adhesion turnover and cytoskeletal remodeling. In a transgenic model of selective mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition in VSMC, neointimal hyperplasia was significantly reduced after vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify mitochondrial CaMKII as a key regulator of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake via MCU, thereby controlling mitochondrial translocation and VSMC migration after vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Nguyen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.).,Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (E.K.N.)
| | - Olha M Koval
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.)
| | - Paige Noble
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.)
| | - Kim Broadhurst
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.)
| | | | - Meng Wu
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (M.W.).,High Throughput Screening Facility (M.W.).,Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine (M.W.)
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine (S.S.)
| | - William H Thiel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.).,François Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (W.H.T., I.M.G.)
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.) .,François Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (W.H.T., I.M.G.).,Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (I.M.G.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
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21
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Szarka N, Pabbidi MR, Amrein K, Czeiter E, Berta G, Pohoczky K, Helyes Z, Ungvari Z, Koller A, Buki A, Toth P. Traumatic Brain Injury Impairs Myogenic Constriction of Cerebral Arteries: Role of Mitochondria-Derived H 2O 2 and TRPV4-Dependent Activation of BK ca Channels. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:930-939. [PMID: 29179622 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impairs autoregulation of cerebral blood flow, which contributes to the development of secondary brain injury, increasing mortality of patients. Impairment of pressure-induced myogenic constriction of cerebral arteries plays a critical role in autoregulatory dysfunction; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. To determine the role of mitochondria-derived H2O2 and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) in myogenic autoregulatory dysfunction, middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were isolated from rats with severe weight drop-impact acceleration brain injury. We found that 24 h post-TBI MCAs exhibited impaired myogenic constriction, which was restored by treatment with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (mitoTEMPO), by scavenging of H2O2 (polyethylene glycol [PEG]-catalase) and by blocking both BKCa channels (paxilline) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) channels (HC 067047). Further, exogenous administration of H2O2 elicited significant dilation of MCAs, which was inhibited by blocking either BKCa or TRPV4 channels. Vasodilation induced by the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A was inhibited by paxilline. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells H2O2 activated BKCa currents, which were inhibited by blockade of TRPV4 channels. Collectively, our results suggest that after TBI, excessive mitochondria-derived H2O2 activates BKCa channels via a TRPV4-dependent pathway in the vascular smooth muscle cells, which impairs pressure-induced constriction of cerebral arteries. Future studies should elucidate the therapeutic potential of pharmacological targeting of this pathway in TBI, to restore autoregulatory function in order to prevent secondary brain damage and decrease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Szarka
- Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Neurotrauma Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Department of Translational Medicine, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary
| | - Mallikarjuna R Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Krisztina Amrein
- Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Neurotrauma Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary
| | - Endre Czeiter
- Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Neurotrauma Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pohoczky
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Akos Koller
- Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Andras Buki
- Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Neurotrauma Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary
| | - Peter Toth
- Cerebrovascular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Neurotrauma Research Group, Janos Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,Department of Translational Medicine, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs. Hungary.,MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pecs, Hungary.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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22
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Liu D, Wu M, Du Q, Ding Z, Qian M, Tong Z, Xu W, Zhang L, Chang H, Wang Y, Huang C, Lin D. The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide, D-4F, restrains neointimal formation through heme oxygenase-1 up-regulation. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3810-3820. [PMID: 28767201 PMCID: PMC5706511 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
D‐4F, an apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) mimetic peptide, possesses distinctly anti‐atherogenic effects. However, the biological functions and mechanisms of D‐4F on the hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remain unclear. This study aimed to determine its roles in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. In vitro, D‐4F inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration induced by ox‐LDL in a dose‐dependent manner. D‐4F up‐regulated heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) expression in VSMCs, and the PI3K/Akt/AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was involved in these processes. HO‐1 down‐regulation with siRNA or inhibition with zinc protoporphyrin (Znpp) impaired the protective effects of D‐4F on the oxidative stress and the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Moreover, down‐regulation of ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) abolished the activation of Akt and AMPK, the up‐regulation of HO‐1 and the anti‐oxidative effects of D‐4F. In vivo, D‐4F restrained neointimal formation and oxidative stress of carotid arteries in balloon‐injured Sprague Dawley rats. And inhibition of HO‐1 with Znpp decreased the inhibitory effects of D‐4F on neointimal formation and ROS production in arteries. In conclusion, D‐4F inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration in vitro and neointimal formation in vivo through HO‐1 up‐regulation, which provided a novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategy for anti‐restenosis of arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengzhang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Union Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Union Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingming Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zijia Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Union Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- High-field NMR Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - He Chang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- High-field NMR Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xu Q, Huff LP, Fujii M, Griendling KK. Redox regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and its role in the vascular system. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:84-107. [PMID: 28285002 PMCID: PMC5497502 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is critical for form and function of vascular cells, serving mechanical, organizational and signaling roles. Because many cytoskeletal proteins are sensitive to reactive oxygen species, redox regulation has emerged as a pivotal modulator of the actin cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. Here, we summarize work implicating oxidants in altering actin cytoskeletal proteins and focus on how these alterations affect cell migration, proliferation and contraction of vascular cells. Finally, we discuss the role of oxidative modification of the actin cytoskeleton in vivo and highlight its importance for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lauren P Huff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Masakazu Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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Inhibition of Epac1 suppresses mitochondrial fission and reduces neointima formation induced by vascular injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36552. [PMID: 27830723 PMCID: PMC5103196 DOI: 10.1038/srep36552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation in response to injury plays an important role in the development of vascular proliferative diseases, including restenosis and atherosclerosis. The aims of this study were to ascertain the physiological functions of exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP isoform 1 (Epac1) in VSMC and to evaluate the potential of Epac1 as therapeutic targets for neointima formation during vascular remodeling. In a mouse carotid artery ligation model, genetic knockdown of the Epac1 gene led to a significant reduction in neointima obstruction in response to vascular injury. Pharmacologic inhibition of Epac1 with an Epac specific inhibitor, ESI-09, phenocopied the effects of Epac1 null by suppressing neointima formation and proliferative VSMC accumulation in neointima area. Mechanistically, Epac1 deficient VSMCs exhibited lower level of PI3K/AKT signaling and dampened response to PDGF-induced mitochondrial fission and reactive oxygen species levels. Our studies indicate that Epac1 plays important roles in promoting VSMC proliferation and phenotypic switch in response to vascular injury, therefore, representing a therapeutic target for vascular proliferative diseases.
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25
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Chalmers S, Saunter CD, Girkin JM, McCarron JG. Age decreases mitochondrial motility and increases mitochondrial size in vascular smooth muscle. J Physiol 2016; 594:4283-95. [PMID: 26959407 PMCID: PMC4967731 DOI: 10.1113/jp271942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Age is proposed to be associated with altered structure and function of mitochondria; however, in fully-differentiated cells, determining the structure of more than a few mitochondria at a time is challenging. In the present study, the structures of the entire mitochondrial complements of cells were resolved from a pixel-by-pixel covariance analysis of fluctuations in potentiometric fluorophore intensity during 'flickers' of mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondria are larger in vascular myocytes from aged rats compared to those in younger adult rats. A subpopulation of mitochondria in myocytes from aged, but not younger, animals is highly-elongated. Some mitochondria in myocytes from younger, but not aged, animals are highly-motile. Mitochondria that are motile are located more peripherally in the cell than non-motile mitochondria. ABSTRACT Mitochondrial function, motility and architecture are each central to cell function. Age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to vascular disease. However, mitochondrial changes in ageing remain ill-defined because of the challenges of imaging in native cells. We determined the structure of mitochondria in live native cells, demarcating boundaries of individual organelles by inducing stochastic 'flickers' of membrane potential, recorded as fluctuations in potentiometric fluorophore intensity (flicker-assisted localization microscopy; FaLM). In freshly-isolated myocytes from rat cerebral resistance arteries, FaLM showed a range of mitochondrial X-Y areas in both young adult (3 months; 0.05-6.58 μm(2) ) and aged rats (18 months; 0.05-13.4 μm(2) ). In cells from young animals, most mitochondria were small (mode area 0.051 μm(2) ) compared to aged animals (0.710 μm(2) ). Cells from older animals contained a subpopulation of highly-elongated mitochondria (5.3% were >2 μm long, 4.2% had a length:width ratio >3) that was rare in younger animals (0.15% of mitochondria >2 μm long, 0.4% had length:width ratio >3). The extent of mitochondrial motility also varied. 1/811 mitochondria observed moved slightly (∼0.5 μm) in myocytes from older animals, whereas, in the younger animals, directed and Brownian-like motility occurred regularly (215 of 1135 mitochondria moved within 10 min, up to distance of 12 μm). Mitochondria positioned closer to the cell periphery showed a greater tendency to move. In conclusion, cerebral vascular myocytes from young rats contained small, motile mitochondria. In aged rats, mitochondria were larger, immobile and could be highly-elongated. These age-associated alterations in mitochondrial behaviour may contribute to alterations in cell signalling, energy supply or the onset of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Chalmers
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONR, UK
| | | | - John M Girkin
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONR, UK
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26
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Konzack A, Jakupovic M, Kubaichuk K, Görlach A, Dombrowski F, Miinalainen I, Sormunen R, Kietzmann T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Due to Lack of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Promotes Hepatocarcinogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1059-75. [PMID: 26422659 PMCID: PMC4657515 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS One of the cancer hallmarks is mitochondrial dysfunction associated with oxidative stress. Among the first line of defense against oxidative stress is the dismutation of superoxide radicals, which in the mitochondria is carried out by manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Accordingly, carcinogenesis would be associated with a dysregulation in MnSOD expression. However, the association studies available so far are conflicting, and no direct proof concerning the role of MnSOD as a tumor promoter or suppressor has been provided. Therefore, we investigated the role of MnSOD in carcinogenesis by studying the effect of MnSOD deficiency in cells and in the livers of mice. RESULTS We found that loss of MnSOD in hepatoma cells contributed to their conversion toward a more malignant phenotype, affecting all cellular properties generally associated with metabolic transformation and tumorigenesis. In vivo, hepatocyte-specific MnSOD-deficient mice showed changed organ architecture, increased expression of tumor markers, and a faster response to carcinogenesis. Moreover, deficiency of MnSOD in both the in vitro and in vivo model reduced β-catenin and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α levels. INNOVATION The present study shows for the first time the important correlation between MnSOD presence and the regulation of two major pathways involved in carcinogenesis, the Wnt/β-catenin and hypoxia signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study points toward a tumor suppressive role of MnSOD in liver, where the Wnt/β-catenin and hypoxia pathway may be crucial elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Konzack
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mirza Jakupovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kateryna Kubaichuk
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Dombrowski
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ilkka Miinalainen
- Biocenter Oulu Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Biocenter Oulu Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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27
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ERK5/HDAC5-mediated, resveratrol-, and pterostilbene-induced expression of MnSOD in human endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:266-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Telopodes of telocytes are influenced in vitro by redox conditions and ageing. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410:165-74. [PMID: 26335900 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a novel cell type identified among interstitial cells in various organs. TCs are characterized by very long cell processes (tens to hundreds micrometres) named telopodes (Tps) with uneven calibre: dilations (podoms) and very thin segments (podomers). However, little is known about the factors which influence Tps conformation. Recently, extracellular matrix proteins were found to influence Tps extension, adherence and spreading. Here, we show that oxidative stress and ageing influence formation of new Tps of TCs cultivated from human non-pregnant myometrium. Using real-time videomicroscopy, we found that ageing the TCs to passage 21 increased the ratio of Tps/TC number with about 50 %, whereas oxidative stress hindered formation of new Tps in both aged and young TCs (passage 7). Under oxidative stress, newly formed cell processes were up to 25 % shorter. Migration pathway length was decreased by 30-40 % for both young and aged cells in an oxidative stress environment. Contrary, addition of N-acetyl cysteine in cell culture medium shifted TCs morphology to a long and slender profile. In conclusion, we showed that TCs specific morphology in vitro is influenced by oxidative status balance, as well as ageing.
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Abstract
Superoxide and its derived ROS (reactive oxygen species) have been considered for a long time to be generated as toxic by-products of metabolic events. Although ROS generated in low amounts are able to act as signalling molecules, ROS appear to also play a major role in aging and in the pathogenesis of diseases such as inflammation, diabetes and cancer. Since superoxide formation, in particular in mitochondria, is often considered to be an initial step in the pathogenesis of these diseases, improper function of the MnSOD (mitochondrial superoxide dismutase; SOD2) may be critical for tissue homoeostasis. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms appear to be multiple and this article summarizes current aspects by which MnSOD can regulate carcinogenesis under various conditions.
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30
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Choi B, Choi M, Park C, Lee EK, Kang DH, Lee DJ, Yeom JY, Jung Y, Kim J, Lee S, Kang SW. Cytosolic Hsp60 orchestrates the survival and inflammatory responses of vascular smooth muscle cells in injured aortic vessels. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:498-508. [PMID: 25870185 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pro-inflammatory response of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is triggered by endothelial damage and a causative step for thrombosis and neointimal thickening in the injured arterial vessels. Therefore, we investigate a role of cytosolic Hsp60 as a novel pro-inflammatory mediator in VSMCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Hsp60 was detected in the cytosol of VSMCs. The selective depletion of cytosolic Hsp60 in VSMCs reduced the IκB kinase activation, repressed the induction of nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent survival genes (MnSOD and Bfl-1/A1), and enhanced apoptotic death in response to TNF-α. Moreover, a quantitative RNA sequencing revealed that the expression of 75 genes among the 774 TNF-α-inducible genes was significantly reduced by the depletion of cytosolic Hsp60. In particular, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, such as CCL2, CCL20, and IL-6, was regulated by the cytosolic Hsp60 in VSMCs. Finally, the depletion of cytosolic Hsp60 markedly inhibited the neointimal thickening in the balloon-injured arterial vessels by inducing apoptotic cell death and inhibiting chemokine production. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that cytosolic Hsp60 could be a therapeutic target for preventing VSMC hyperplasia and inflammatory response in the injured vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boae Choi
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea The Research Center for Cell Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea
| | - Mina Choi
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea The Research Center for Cell Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea
| | - Charny Park
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea The Research Center for Cell Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Kang
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea The Research Center for Cell Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea
| | - Doo Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea The Research Center for Cell Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Yeom
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea The Research Center for Cell Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea
| | - Yeonjoo Jung
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea
| | - Jaesang Kim
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Lee
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea
| | - Sang Won Kang
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea The Research Center for Cell Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 127-750, Korea
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31
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Morales RC, Bahnson ESM, Havelka GE, Cantu-Medellin N, Kelley EE, Kibbe MR. Sex-based differential regulation of oxidative stress in the vasculature by nitric oxide. Redox Biol 2015; 4:226-33. [PMID: 25617803 PMCID: PMC4803798 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide (•NO) is more effective at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia following arterial injury in male versus female rodents, though the etiology is unclear. Given that superoxide (O2•−) regulates cellular proliferation, and •NO regulates superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) in the vasculature, we hypothesized that •NO differentially regulates SOD-1 based on sex. Materials and methods Male and female vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were harvested from the aortae of Sprague-Dawley rats. O2•− levels were quantified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and HPLC. sod-1 gene expression was assayed by qPCR. SOD-1, SOD-2, and catalase protein levels were detected by Western blot. SOD-1 activity was measured via colorimetric assay. The rat carotid artery injury model was performed on Sprague-Dawley rats ±•NO treatment and SOD-1 protein levels were examined by Western blot. Results In vitro, male VSMC have higher O2•− levels and lower SOD − 1 activity at baseline compared to female VSMC (P < 0.05). •NO decreased O2•− levels and increased SOD − 1 activity in male (P<0.05) but not female VSMC. •NO also increased sod− 1 gene expression and SOD − 1 protein levels in male (P<0.05) but not female VSMC. In vivo, SOD-1 levels were 3.7-fold higher in female versus male carotid arteries at baseline. After injury, SOD-1 levels decreased in both sexes, but •NO increased SOD-1 levels 3-fold above controls in males, but returned to baseline in females. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that regulation of the redox environment at baseline and following exposure to •NO is sex-dependent in the vasculature. These data suggest that sex-based differential redox regulation may be one mechanism by which •NO is more effective at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia in male versus female rodents. The baseline redox environment in the vascular is sex-dependent. Nitric oxide differentially affects the vascular redox environment between the sexes. Nitric oxide decreases superoxide (O2.) levels, by increasing SOD-1 activity, sod1 gene expression and SOD-1 protein levels in male vascular smooth muscle cells, but not in females. Sex-based differential redox regulation may be one mechanism by which is more effective at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia in male versus female rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rommel C Morales
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward S M Bahnson
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - George E Havelka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Eric E Kelley
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melina R Kibbe
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Wang L, Yu T, Lee H, O'Brien DK, Sesaki H, Yoon Y. Decreasing mitochondrial fission diminishes vascular smooth muscle cell migration and ameliorates intimal hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:272-83. [PMID: 25587046 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration in response to arterial wall injury is a critical process in the development of intimal hyperplasia. Cell migration is an energy-demanding process that is predicted to require mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are morphologically dynamic, undergoing continuous shape change through fission and fusion. However, the role of mitochondrial morphology in VSMC migration is not well understood. The aim of the study is to understand how mitochondrial fission contributes to VSMC migration and provides its in vivo relevance in the mouse model of intimal hyperplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS In primary mouse VSMCs, the chemoattractant PDGF induced mitochondrial shortening through the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-like protein 1 (DLP1)/Drp1. Perturbation of mitochondrial fission by expressing the dominant-negative mutant DLP1-K38A or by DLP1 silencing greatly decreased PDGF-induced lamellipodia formation and VSMC migration, indicating that mitochondrial fission is an important process in VSMC migration. PDGF induced an augmentation of mitochondrial energetics as well as ROS production, both of which were found to be necessary for VSMC migration. Mechanistically, the inhibition of mitochondrial fission induced an increase of mitochondrial inner membrane proton leak in VSMCs, abrogating the PDGF-induced energetic enhancement and an ROS increase. In an in vivo model of intimal hyperplasia, transgenic mice expressing DLP1-K38A displayed markedly reduced ROS levels and neointima formation in response to femoral artery wire injury. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial fission is an integral process in cell migration, and controlling mitochondrial fission can limit VSMC migration and the pathological intimal hyperplasia by altering mitochondrial energetics and ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA 30912-3000, USA
| | - Tianzheng Yu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA 30912-3000, USA
| | - Hakjoo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA 30912-3000, USA
| | - Dawn K O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA 30912-3000, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yisang Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA 30912-3000, USA
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Staiculescu MC, Foote C, Meininger GA, Martinez-Lemus LA. The role of reactive oxygen species in microvascular remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23792-835. [PMID: 25535075 PMCID: PMC4284792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microcirculation is a portion of the vascular circulatory system that consists of resistance arteries, arterioles, capillaries and venules. It is the place where gases and nutrients are exchanged between blood and tissues. In addition the microcirculation is the major contributor to blood flow resistance and consequently to regulation of blood pressure. Therefore, structural remodeling of this section of the vascular tree has profound implications on cardiovascular pathophysiology. This review is focused on the role that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play on changing the structural characteristics of vessels within the microcirculation. Particular attention is given to the resistance arteries and the functional pathways that are affected by ROS in these vessels and subsequently induce vascular remodeling. The primary sources of ROS in the microcirculation are identified and the effects of ROS on other microcirculatory remodeling phenomena such as rarefaction and collateralization are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius C Staiculescu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Christopher Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Soto ME, Soria-Castro E, Lans VG, Ontiveros EM, Mejía BIH, Hernandez HJM, García RB, Herrera V, Pérez-Torres I. Analysis of oxidative stress enzymes and structural and functional proteins on human aortic tissue from different aortopathies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:760694. [PMID: 25101153 PMCID: PMC4102031 DOI: 10.1155/2014/760694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in different aortopathies is evaluated. Thirty-two tissue samples from 18 men and 14 women were divided into: 4 control (C) subjects, 11 patients with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), 4 with variants of Marfan's syndrome (MV), 9 with Marfan's syndrome (M), 2 with Turner's syndrome, and 2 with Takayasu's arteritis (TA). Aorta fragments were homogenized. Lipoperoxidation (LPO), copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn and Cu-Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitrates and nitrites (NO3(-)/NO2(-)), and type IV collagen, and laminin were evaluated. There was an increase in Mn- and Cu-Zn-SOD activity in SAH, MV, M, and Turner's syndrome. There was also an increase in CAT activity in M and Turner' syndrome. GPx and GST activity decreased and LPO increased in all groups. eNOS was decreased in SAH, MV, and M and NO3 (-)/NO2 (-) were increased in SAH and TA. Type IV collagen was decreased in Turner's syndrome and TA. Laminin γ-1 was decreased in MV and increased in M. In conclusion, similarities and differences in oxidative stress in the different aortopathies studied including pathologies with aneurysms were found with alterations in SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and eNOS activity that modify subendothelial basement membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Soto
- Immunology Department, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Pathology Department, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner Lans
- Physiology Department, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Eleazar Muruato Ontiveros
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Iván Hernández Mejía
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Humberto Jorge Martínez Hernandez
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Barragán García
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Valentín Herrera
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Pathology Department, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
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Aggarwal S, Gross CM, Rafikov R, Kumar S, Fineman JR, Ludewig B, Jonigk D, Black SM. Nitration of tyrosine 247 inhibits protein kinase G-1α activity by attenuating cyclic guanosine monophosphate binding. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7948-61. [PMID: 24469460 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.534313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cGMP-dependent protein kinase G-1α (PKG-1α) is a downstream mediator of nitric oxide and natriuretic peptide signaling. Alterations in this pathway play a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of vascular diseases associated with increased vascular tone and thickness, such as pulmonary hypertension. Previous studies have shown that tyrosine nitration attenuates PKG-1α activity. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in this event. Utilizing mass spectrometry, we found that PKG-1α is susceptible to nitration at tyrosine 247 and 425. Tyrosine to phenylalanine mutants, Y247F- and Y425F-PKG-1α, were both less susceptible to nitration than WT PKG-1α, but only Y247F-PKG-1α exhibited preserved activity, suggesting that the nitration of Tyr(247) is critical in attenuating PKG-1α activity. The overexpression of WT- or Y247F-PKG-1α decreased the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (SMC), increased the expression of SMC contractile markers, and decreased the expression of proliferative markers. Nitrosative stress induced a switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype in cells expressing WT- but not Y247F-PKG-1α. An antibody generated against 3-NT-Y247 identified increased levels of nitrated PKG-1α in humans with pulmonary hypertension. Finally, to gain a more mechanistic understanding of how nitration attenuates PKG activity, we developed a homology model of PKG-1α. This model predicted that the nitration of Tyr(247) would decrease the affinity of PKG-1α for cGMP, which we confirmed using a [(3)H]cGMP binding assay. Our study shows that the nitration of Tyr(247) and the attenuation of cGMP binding is an important mechanism regulating in PKG-1α activity and SMC proliferation/differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Aggarwal
- From the Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
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36
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Wang Y, Ji L, Jiang R, Zheng L, Liu D. Oxidized high-density lipoprotein induces the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by promoting the production of ROS. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 21:204-16. [PMID: 24225481 DOI: 10.5551/jat.19448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM As the major atheroprotective particle in plasma, high-density lipoprotein(HDL) is oxidized during atherosclerotic processes. Oxidized HDL(ox-HDL) may lose its cardioprotective properties and develop a proinflammatory and proatherogenic phenotype. The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) play a crucial role in atherogenesis. However, the influence of ox-HDL on VSMC proliferation and migration remains poorly understood. METHODS VSMCs were treated with native HDL(N-HDL) or ox-HDL at varying concentrations for different time intervals and used in several analyses. The degree of cell proliferation was assayed using CCK-8 kits. The level of cell migration was determined using a Transwell chamber and scratch-wound assay. The presence of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) was detected based on ROS-mediated 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. The activation of NADPH oxidase was measured in terms of the Rac1 activity and NADP(+)/NADPH ratio. RESULTS Compared to N-HDL, ox-HDL significantly promoted VSMC proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ox-HDL remarkably activated NADPH oxidase and enhanced ROS generation in the VSMCs. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, and N-acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger, efficiently inhibited the ROS production triggered by ox-HDL and subsequently blocked the proliferating and migrating effects of ox-HDL in the VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS Ox-HDL significantly induces VSMC proliferation and migration by promoting NADPH oxidase activation and ROS production. Furthermore, the inhibition of NADPH oxidase and ROS generation blocks the proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by ox-HDL. These proliferating and migrating effects of ox-HDL are closely related to its proinflammatory and proatherogenic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen Heart Center
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Rodiño-Janeiro BK, Paradela-Dobarro B, Castiñeiras-Landeira MI, Raposeiras-Roubín S, González-Juanatey JR, Álvarez E. Current status of NADPH oxidase research in cardiovascular pharmacology. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013; 9:401-28. [PMID: 23983473 PMCID: PMC3750863 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s33053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The implications of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease have been known for some decades. Rationally, therapeutic antioxidant strategies combating oxidative stress have been developed, but the results of clinical trials have not been as good as expected. Therefore, to move forward in the design of new therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease based on prevention of production of reactive oxygen species, steps must be taken on two fronts, ie, comprehension of reduction-oxidation signaling pathways and the pathophysiologic roles of reactive oxygen species, and development of new, less toxic, and more selective nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors, to clarify both the role of each NADPH oxidase isoform and their utility in clinical practice. In this review, we analyze the value of NADPH oxidase as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease and the old and new pharmacologic agents or strategies to prevent NADPH oxidase activity. Some inhibitors and different direct or indirect approaches are available. Regarding direct NADPH oxidase inhibition, the specificity of NADPH oxidase is the focus of current investigations, whereas the chemical structure-activity relationship studies of known inhibitors have provided pharmacophore models with which to search for new molecules. From a general point of view, small-molecule inhibitors are preferred because of their hydrosolubility and oral bioavailability. However, other possibilities are not closed, with peptide inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies against NADPH oxidase isoforms continuing to be under investigation as well as the ongoing search for naturally occurring compounds. Likewise, some different approaches include inhibition of assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex, subcellular translocation, post-transductional modifications, calcium entry/release, electron transfer, and genetic expression. High-throughput screens for any of these activities could provide new inhibitors. All this knowledge and the research presently underway will likely result in development of new drugs for inhibition of NADPH oxidase and application of therapeutic approaches based on their action, for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno K Rodiño-Janeiro
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Sergio Raposeiras-Roubín
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- Cardiology Department, University Clinic Hospital of Santiago de Compostela,
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José R González-Juanatey
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- Cardiology Department, University Clinic Hospital of Santiago de Compostela,
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
| | - Ezequiel Álvarez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
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Miller MW, Knaub LA, Olivera-Fragoso LF, Keller AC, Balasubramaniam V, Watson PA, Reusch JEB. Nitric oxide regulates vascular adaptive mitochondrial dynamics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1624-33. [PMID: 23585138 PMCID: PMC3680775 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00987.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and physical inactivity, are all correlated with impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function and decreased nitric oxide (NO) production. NO-mediated regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis has been established in many tissues, yet the role of eNOS in vascular mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics is unclear. We hypothesized that genetic eNOS deletion and 3-day nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition in rodents would result in impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and defunct fission/fusion and autophagy profiles within the aorta. We observed a significant, eNOS expression-dependent decrease in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) protein subunits from complexes I, II, III, and V in eNOS heterozygotes and eNOS null mice compared with age-matched controls. In response to NOS inhibition with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treatment in Sprague Dawley rats, significant decreases were observed in ETC protein subunits from complexes I, III, and IV as well as voltage-dependent anion channel 1. Decreased protein content of upstream regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, cAMP response element-binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, were observed in response to 3-day L-NAME treatment. Both genetic eNOS deletion and NOS inhibition resulted in decreased manganese superoxide dismutase protein. L-NAME treatment resulted in significant changes to mitochondrial dynamic protein profiles with decreased fusion, increased fission, and minimally perturbed autophagy. In addition, L-NAME treatment blocked mitochondrial adaptation to an exercise intervention in the aorta. These results suggest that eNOS/NO play a role in basal and adaptive mitochondrial biogenesis in the vasculature and regulation of mitochondrial turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Miller
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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