1
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Tripathi J, Gautam S. Unravelling the key steps impairing the metabolic state of Xanthomonas cells undergoing programmed cell death. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:1285-1296. [PMID: 38190087 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) has been reported in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) wild type earlier and was indirectly shown to be induced by metabolic stress; however, deciphering the key proteins regulating the metabolic stress remained unrevealed. In this study, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to investigate the prominent pathways, having a role in the induction of metabolic stress in Xag cells undergoing PCD. A comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and proteome data revealed the major involvement of metabolic pathways related to branched chain amino acid degradation, such as acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and energy-yielding, ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex, in Xag cells undergoing PCD. Consequently, oxidative stress response genes showed major upregulation in Xag cells in PCD-inducing medium; however, no such upregulation was observed at the protein level, indicative of depleted protein levels under excessive stress conditions. Activation of stress response and DNA repair proteins was also observed in Xag cells grown in PCD-inducing medium, which is indicative of excessive cellular damage. Thus, the findings indicate that programmed cell death in Xag is an outcome of metabolic stress in nutrient condition not suitable for a plant pathogen like Xanthomonas, which is more acclimatised with altogether a different nutritional requirement predominantly having an enriched carbohydrate source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tripathi
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Satyendra Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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2
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Vieira-Lara MA, Bakker BM. The paradox of fatty-acid β-oxidation in muscle insulin resistance: Metabolic control and muscle heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167172. [PMID: 38631409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is a metabolically heterogeneous tissue that plays a key role in maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis. It is well known that muscle insulin resistance (IR) precedes the development of type 2 diabetes. There is a consensus that the accumulation of specific lipid species in the tissue can drive IR. However, the role of the mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation in IR and, consequently, in the control of glucose uptake remains paradoxical: interventions that either inhibit or activate fatty-acid β-oxidation have been shown to prevent IR. We here discuss the current theories and evidence for the interplay between β-oxidation and glucose uptake in IR. To address the underlying intricacies, we (1) dive into the control of glucose uptake fluxes into muscle tissues using the framework of Metabolic Control Analysis, and (2) disentangle concepts of flux and catalytic capacities taking into account skeletal muscle heterogeneity. Finally, we speculate about hitherto unexplored mechanisms that could bring contrasting evidence together. Elucidating how β-oxidation is connected to muscle IR and the underlying role of muscle heterogeneity enhances disease understanding and paves the way for new treatments for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Austvold CK, Keable SM, Procopio M, Usselman RJ. Quantitative measurements of reactive oxygen species partitioning in electron transfer flavoenzyme magnetic field sensing. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1348395. [PMID: 38370016 PMCID: PMC10869518 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1348395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological magnetic field sensing that gives rise to physiological responses is of considerable importance in quantum biology. The radical pair mechanism (RPM) is a fundamental quantum process that can explain some of the observed biological magnetic effects. In magnetically sensitive radical pair (RP) reactions, coherent spin dynamics between singlet and triplet pairs are modulated by weak magnetic fields. The resulting singlet and triplet reaction products lead to distinct biological signaling channels and cellular outcomes. A prevalent RP in biology is between flavin semiquinone and superoxide (O2 •-) in the biological activation of molecular oxygen. This RP can result in a partitioning of reactive oxygen species (ROS) products to form either O2 •- or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here, we examine magnetic sensing of recombinant human electron transfer flavoenzyme (ETF) reoxidation by selectively measuring O2 •- and H2O2 product distributions. ROS partitioning was observed between two static magnetic fields at 20 nT and 50 μT, with a 13% decrease in H2O2 singlet products and a 10% increase in O2 •- triplet products relative to 50 µT. RPM product yields were calculated for a realistic flavin/superoxide RP across the range of static magnetic fields, in agreement with experimental results. For a triplet born RP, the RPM also predicts about three times more O2 •- than H2O2, with experimental results exhibiting about four time more O2 •- produced by ETF. The method presented here illustrates the potential of a novel magnetic flavoprotein biological sensor that is directly linked to mitochondria bioenergetics and can be used as a target to study cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase K. Austvold
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Stephen M. Keable
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Maria Procopio
- Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. Usselman
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
- Computational Research At Florida Tech, Melbourne, FL, United States
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4
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Chi T, Sang T, Wang Y, Ye Z. Cleavage and Noncleavage Chemistry in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Responsive Materials for Smart Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1-21. [PMID: 38118277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of advanced drug delivery systems targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained significant interest in recent years for treating various diseases, including cancer, psychiatric diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic diseases, and chronic inflammations. Integrating specific chemical bonds capable of effectively responding to ROS and triggering drug release into the delivery system is crucial. In this Review, we discuss commonly used conjugation linkers (chemical bonds) and categorize them into two groups: cleavable linkers and noncleavable linkers. Our goal is to clarify their unique drug release mechanisms from a chemical perspective and provide practical organic synthesis approaches for their efficient production. We showcase numerous significant examples to demonstrate their synthesis routes and diverse applications. Ultimately, we strive to present a comprehensive overview of cleavage and noncleavage chemistry, offering insights into the development of smart drug delivery systems that respond to ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ting Sang
- School of Stomatology of Nanchang University & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yanjing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Zhou Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077, China
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5
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Goetzman E, Gong Z, Zhang B, Muzumdar R. Complex II Biology in Aging, Health, and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1477. [PMID: 37508015 PMCID: PMC10376733 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in mitochondrial function which may contribute to age-related diseases such as neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, mitochondrial Complex II has emerged as an important player in the aging process. Mitochondrial Complex II converts succinate to fumarate and plays an essential role in both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC). The dysfunction of Complex II not only limits mitochondrial energy production; it may also promote oxidative stress, contributing, over time, to cellular damage, aging, and disease. Intriguingly, succinate, the substrate for Complex II which accumulates during mitochondrial dysfunction, has been shown to have widespread effects as a signaling molecule. Here, we review recent advances related to understanding the function of Complex II, succinate signaling, and their combined roles in aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Goetzman
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Bob Zhang
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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6
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Elmes K, Heywood A, Huang Z, Gavryushkin A. A fast lasso-based method for inferring higher-order interactions. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010730. [PMID: 36580499 PMCID: PMC9833600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale genotype-phenotype screens provide a wealth of data for identifying molecular alterations associated with a phenotype. Epistatic effects play an important role in such association studies. For example, siRNA perturbation screens can be used to identify combinatorial gene-silencing effects. In bacteria, epistasis has practical consequences in determining antimicrobial resistance as the genetic background of a strain plays an important role in determining resistance. Recently developed tools scale to human exome-wide screens for pairwise interactions, but none to date have included the possibility of three-way interactions. Expanding upon recent state-of-the-art methods, we make a number of improvements to the performance on large-scale data, making consideration of three-way interactions possible. We demonstrate our proposed method, Pint, on both simulated and real data sets, including antibiotic resistance testing and siRNA perturbation screens. Pint outperforms known methods in simulated data, and identifies a number of biologically plausible gene effects in both the antibiotic and siRNA models. For example, we have identified a combination of known tumour suppressor genes that is predicted (using Pint) to cause a significant increase in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Elmes
- Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Astra Heywood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zhiyi Huang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alex Gavryushkin
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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7
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Salerno KM, Domenico J, Le NQ, Stiles CD, Solov’yov IA, Martino CF. Long-Time Oxygen Localization in Electron Transfer Flavoprotein. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:4191-4199. [PMID: 35998902 PMCID: PMC9472800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert a wide range of biological effects from beneficial regulatory function to deleterious oxidative stress. The electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) is ubiquitous to life and is associated with aerobic metabolism and ROS production due to its location in the mitochondria. Quantifying oxygen localization within the ETF complex is critical for understanding the potential for electron transfer and radical pair formation between flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor and superoxide during ROS formation. Our study employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and identified several novel, long-lived oxygen binding sites within the ETF complex that appear near the FAD cofactor. Site locations, the local electrostatic environment, and characteristic oxygen binding times for each site were evaluated to establish factors that may lead to possible charge transfer reactions and superoxide formation within the ETF complex. The study revealed that some oxygen binding sites are naturally linked to protein domain features, suggesting opportunities to engineer and control ROS production and subsequent dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Michael Salerno
- The
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory, 11100 Johns
Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723, United States
| | - Janna Domenico
- The
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory, 11100 Johns
Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723, United States
| | - Nam Q. Le
- The
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory, 11100 Johns
Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723, United States
| | - Christopher D. Stiles
- The
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory, 11100 Johns
Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723, United States
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University
Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky
Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Centre
for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky
University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carlos F. Martino
- The
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory, 11100 Johns
Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723, United States
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8
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Reily-Bell M, Bahn A, Katare R. Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Diabetic Heart Disease: Mechanisms and Therapies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:608-630. [PMID: 34011169 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Diabetic heart disease (DHD) is the primary cause of mortality in people with diabetes. A significant contributor to the development of DHD is the disruption of redox balance due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction resulting from sustained high glucose levels. Therapies specifically focusing on the suppression of ROS will hugely benefit patients with DHD. Recent Advances: In addition to the gold standard pharmacological therapies, the recent development of gene therapy provides an exciting avenue for developing new therapeutics to treat ROS-mediated DHD. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs) are gaining interest due to their crucial role in several physiological and pathological processes, including DHD. Critical Issues: miRNAs have many targets and differential function depending on the environment. Therefore, a proper understanding of the function of miRNAs in specific cell types and cell states is required for the successful application of this technology. In the present review, we first provide an overview of the role of ROS in contributing to DHD and the currently available treatments. We then discuss the newer gene therapies with a specific focus on the role of miRNAs as the causative factors and therapeutic targets to combat ROS-mediated DHD. Future Directions: The future of miRNA therapeutics in tackling ROS-mediated DHD is dependent on a complete understanding of how miRNAs behave in different cells and environments. Future research should also aim to develop conditional miRNA therapeutic platforms capable of switching on and off in response to disruptions in the redox state. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 608-630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Reily-Bell
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Bahn
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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9
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Chen F, Ni C, Wang X, Cheng R, Pan C, Wang Y, Liang J, Zhang J, Cheng J, Chin YE, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Guo Y, Chen S, Htun S, Mathes EF, de Alba Campomanes AG, Slavotinek AM, Zhang S, Li M, Yao Z. S1P defects cause a new entity of cataract, alopecia, oral mucosal disorder, and psoriasis-like syndrome. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14904. [PMID: 35362222 PMCID: PMC9081911 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we discovered a new entity named cataract, alopecia, oral mucosal disorder, and psoriasis‐like (CAOP) syndrome in two unrelated and ethnically diverse patients. Furthermore, patient 1 failed to respond to regular treatment. We found that CAOP syndrome was caused by an autosomal recessive defect in the mitochondrial membrane‐bound transcription factor peptidase/site‐1 protease (MBTPS1, S1P). Mitochondrial abnormalities were observed in patient 1 with CAOP syndrome. Furthermore, we found that S1P is a novel mitochondrial protein that forms a trimeric complex with ETFA/ETFB. S1P enhances ETFA/ETFB flavination and maintains its stability. Patient S1P variants destabilize ETFA/ETFB, impair mitochondrial respiration, decrease fatty acid β‐oxidation activity, and shift mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis. Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory lesions in patient 1 were significantly ameliorated by riboflavin supplementation, which restored the stability of ETFA/ETFB. Our study discovered that mutations in MBTPS1 resulted in a new entity of CAOP syndrome and elucidated the mechanism of the mutations in the new disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruhong Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaolan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinke Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Instituteof Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - She Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephanie Htun
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin F Mathes
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Anne M Slavotinek
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Si Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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McEvoy CM, Clotet-Freixas S, Tokar T, Pastrello C, Reid S, Batruch I, RaoPeters AAE, Kaths JM, Urbanellis P, Farkona S, Van JAD, Urquhart BL, John R, Jurisica I, Robinson LA, Selzner M, Konvalinka A. Normothermic Ex-vivo Kidney Perfusion in a Porcine Auto-Transplantation Model Preserves the Expression of Key Mitochondrial Proteins: An Unbiased Proteomics Analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100101. [PMID: 34033948 PMCID: PMC8253910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Normothermic ex-vivo kidney perfusion (NEVKP) results in significantly improved graft function in porcine auto-transplant models of donation after circulatory death injury compared with static cold storage (SCS); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects remain unclear. We performed an unbiased proteomics analysis of 28 kidney biopsies obtained at three time points from pig kidneys subjected to 30 min of warm ischemia, followed by 8 h of NEVKP or SCS, and auto-transplantation. 70/6593 proteins quantified were differentially expressed between NEVKP and SCS groups (false discovery rate < 0.05). Proteins increased in NEVKP mediated key metabolic processes including fatty acid ß-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Comparison of our findings with external datasets of ischemia-reperfusion and other models of kidney injury confirmed that 47 of our proteins represent a common signature of kidney injury reversed or attenuated by NEVKP. We validated key metabolic proteins (electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta and carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial) by immunoblotting. Transcription factor databases identified members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) family of transcription factors as the upstream regulators of our dataset, and we confirmed increased expression of PPARA, PPARD, and RXRA in NEVKP with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The proteome-level changes observed in NEVKP mediate critical metabolic pathways. These effects may be coordinated by PPAR-family transcription factors and may represent novel therapeutic targets in ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitriona M McEvoy
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sergi Clotet-Freixas
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomas Tokar
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelby Reid
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ihor Batruch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrien A E RaoPeters
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Moritz Kaths
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Essen-Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Urbanellis
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Farkona
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie A D Van
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley L Urquhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rohan John
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lisa A Robinson
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Markus Selzner
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Konvalinka
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Smith CD, Lin CT, McMillin SL, Weyrauch LA, Schmidt CA, Smith CA, Kurland IJ, Witczak CA, Neufer PD. Genetically increasing flux through β-oxidation in skeletal muscle increases mitochondrial reductive stress and glucose intolerance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E938-E950. [PMID: 33813880 PMCID: PMC8238127 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00010.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission and an oxidative shift in cytosolic redox environment have been linked to high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. To test specifically whether increased flux through mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, in the absence of elevated energy demand, directly alters mitochondrial function and redox state in muscle, two genetic models characterized by increased muscle β-oxidation flux were studied. In mice overexpressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in muscle (MCK-PPARα), lipid-supported mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential (ΔΨm), and H2O2 production rate (JH2O2) were increased, which coincided with a more oxidized cytosolic redox environment, reduced muscle glucose uptake, and whole body glucose intolerance despite an increased rate of energy expenditure. Similar results were observed in lipin-1-deficient, fatty-liver dystrophic mice, another model characterized by increased β-oxidation flux and glucose intolerance. Crossing MCAT (mitochondria-targeted catalase) with MCK-PPARα mice normalized JH2O2 production, redox environment, and glucose tolerance, but surprisingly, both basal and absolute insulin-stimulated rates of glucose uptake in muscle remained depressed. Also surprising, when placed on a high-fat diet, MCK-PPARα mice were characterized by much lower whole body, fat, and lean mass as well as improved glucose tolerance relative to wild-type mice, providing additional evidence that overexpression of PPARα in muscle imposes more extensive metabolic stress than experienced by wild-type mice on a high-fat diet. Overall, the findings suggest that driving an increase in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation in the absence of metabolic demand imposes mitochondrial reductive stress and elicits multiple counterbalance metabolic responses in an attempt to restore bioenergetic homeostasis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prior work has suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction is an underlying cause of insulin resistance in muscle because it limits fatty acid oxidation and therefore leads to the accumulation of cytotoxic lipid intermediates. The implication has been that therapeutic strategies to accelerate β-oxidation will be protective. The current study provides evidence that genetically increasing flux through β-oxidation in muscle imposes reductive stress that is not beneficial but rather detrimental to metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody D Smith
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Shawna L McMillin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Luke A Weyrauch
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Cheryl A Smith
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Carol A Witczak
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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12
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Dambrova M, Zuurbier CJ, Borutaite V, Liepinsh E, Makrecka-Kuka M. Energy substrate metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative stress in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:24-37. [PMID: 33484825 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the most metabolically flexible organ with respect to the use of substrates available in different states of energy metabolism. Cardiac mitochondria sense substrate availability and ensure the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and heart function. Mitochondria also play a critical role in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, during which they are directly involved in ROS-producing pathophysiological mechanisms. This review explores the mechanisms of ROS production within the energy metabolism pathways and focuses on the impact of different substrates. We describe the main metabolites accumulating during ischemia in the glucose, fatty acid, and Krebs cycle pathways. Hyperglycemia, often present in the acute stress condition of ischemia/reperfusion, increases cytosolic ROS concentrations through the activation of NADPH oxidase 2 and increases mitochondrial ROS through the metabolic overloading and decreased binding of hexokinase II to mitochondria. Fatty acid-linked ROS production is related to the increased fatty acid flux and corresponding accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines. Succinate that accumulates during anoxia/ischemia is suggested to be the main source of ROS, and the role of itaconate as an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase is emerging. We discuss the strategies to modulate and counteract the accumulation of substrates that yield ROS and the therapeutic implications of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, AZ 1105, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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13
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Henriques BJ, Katrine Jentoft Olsen R, Gomes CM, Bross P. Electron transfer flavoprotein and its role in mitochondrial energy metabolism in health and disease. Gene 2021; 776:145407. [PMID: 33450351 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) is an enzyme with orthologs from bacteria to humans. Human ETF is nuclear encoded by two separate genes, ETFA and ETFB, respectively. After translation, the two subunits are imported to the mitochondrial matrix space and assemble into a heterodimer containing one FAD and one AMP as cofactors. ETF functions as a hub taking up electrons from at least 14 flavoenzymes, feeding them into the respiratory chain. This represents a major source of reducing power for the electron transport chain from fatty acid oxidation and amino acid degradation. Transfer of electrons from the donor enzymes to ETF occurs by direct transfer between the enzyme bound flavins, a process that is tightly regulated by the polypeptide chain and by protein:protein interactions. ETF, in turn relays electrons to the iron sulfur cluster of the inner membrane protein ETF:QO, from where they travel via the FAD in ETF:QO to ubiquinone, entering the respiratory chain at the level of complex III. ETF recognizes its dehydrogenase partners via a recognition loop that anchors the protein on its partner followed by dynamic movements of the ETF flavin domain that bring redox cofactors in close proximity, thus promoting electron transfer. Genetic mutations in the ETFA or ETFB genes cause the Mendelian disorder multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD; OMIM #231680). We here review the knowledge on human ETF and investigations of the effects of disease-associated missense mutations in this protein that have promoted the understanding of the essential role that ETF plays in cellular metabolism and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara J Henriques
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rikke Katrine Jentoft Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Cláudio M Gomes
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
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14
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Clark AJ, Parikh SM. Targeting energy pathways in kidney disease: the roles of sirtuins, AMPK, and PGC1α. Kidney Int 2020; 99:828-840. [PMID: 33307105 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The kidney has extraordinary metabolic demands to sustain the active transport of solutes that is critical to renal filtration and clearance. Mitochondrial health is vital to meet those demands and maintain renal fitness. Decades of studies have linked poor mitochondrial health to kidney disease. Key regulators of mitochondrial health-adenosine monophosphate kinase, sirtuins, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α-have all been shown to play significant roles in renal resilience against disease. This review will summarize the latest research into the activities of those regulators and evaluate the roles and therapeutic potential of targeting those regulators in acute kidney injury, glomerular kidney disease, and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Clark
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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15
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Smith CD, Schmidt CA, Lin CT, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD. Flux through mitochondrial redox circuits linked to nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase generates counterbalance changes in energy expenditure. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16207-16216. [PMID: 32747443 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Compensatory changes in energy expenditure occur in response to positive and negative energy balance, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Under low energy demand, the mitochondrial electron transport system is particularly sensitive to added energy supply (i.e. reductive stress), which exponentially increases the rate of H2O2 (JH2O2) production. H2O2 is reduced to H2O by electrons supplied by NADPH. NADP+ is reduced back to NADPH by activation of mitochondrial membrane potential-dependent nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT). The coupling of reductive stress-induced JH2O2 production to NNT-linked redox buffering circuits provides a potential means of integrating energy balance with energy expenditure. To test this hypothesis, energy supply was manipulated by varying flux rate through β-oxidation in muscle mitochondria minus/plus pharmacological or genetic inhibition of redox buffering circuits. Here we show during both non-ADP- and low-ADP-stimulated respiration that accelerating flux through β-oxidation generates a corresponding increase in mitochondrial JH2O2 production, that the majority (∼70-80%) of H2O2 produced is reduced to H2O by electrons drawn from redox buffering circuits supplied by NADPH, and that the rate of electron flux through redox buffering circuits is directly linked to changes in oxygen consumption mediated by NNT. These findings provide evidence that redox reactions within β-oxidation and the electron transport system serve as a barometer of substrate flux relative to demand, continuously adjusting JH2O2 production and, in turn, the rate at which energy is expended via NNT-mediated proton conductance. This variable flux through redox circuits provides a potential compensatory mechanism for fine-tuning energy expenditure to energy balance in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody D Smith
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
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16
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Zhai C, Djimsa BA, Prenni JE, Woerner DR, Belk KE, Nair MN. Tandem mass tag labeling to characterize muscle-specific proteome changes in beef during early postmortem period. J Proteomics 2020; 222:103794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Olshina MA, Arkind G, Kumar Deshmukh F, Fainer I, Taranavsky M, Hayat D, Ben-Dor S, Ben-Nissan G, Sharon M. Regulation of the 20S Proteasome by a Novel Family of Inhibitory Proteins. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:636-655. [PMID: 31903784 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The protein degradation machinery plays a critical role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, preventing the accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins and controlling the levels of regulatory proteins. The 20S proteasome degradation machinery, which predominates during oxidative stress, is able to cleave any protein with a partially unfolded region, however, uncontrolled degradation of the myriad of potential substrates is improbable. This study aimed to identify and characterize the regulatory mechanism that controls 20S proteasome-mediated degradation. Results: Using a bioinformatic screen based on known 20S proteasome regulators, we have discovered a novel family of 20S proteasome regulators, named catalytic core regulators (CCRs). These regulators share structural and sequence similarities, and coordinate the function of the 20S proteasome by affecting the degradation of substrates. The CCRs are involved in the oxidative stress response via Nrf2, organizing into a feed-forward loop regulatory circuit, with some members stabilizing Nrf2, others being induced by Nrf2, and all of them inhibiting the 20S proteasome. Innovation and Conclusion: These data uncover a new family of regulatory proteins that utilize a fine-tuned mechanism to carefully modulate the activity of the 20S proteasome, in particular under conditions of oxidative stress, ensuring its proper functioning by controlling the degradative flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Olshina
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Galina Arkind
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Irit Fainer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mark Taranavsky
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Hayat
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics and Biological Computing Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Lucas TG, Henriques BJ, Gomes CM. Conformational analysis of the riboflavin-responsive ETF:QO-p.Pro456Leu variant associated with mild multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140393. [PMID: 32087359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is an inborn disorder of fatty acid and amino acid metabolism caused by mutations in the genes encoding for human electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) and its partner electron transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF:QO). Albeit a rare disease, extensive newborn screening programs contributed to a wider coverage of MADD genotypes. However, the impact of non-lethal mutations on ETF:QO function remains scarcely understood from a structural perspective. To this end, we here revisit the relatively common MADD mutation ETF:QO-p.Pro456Leu, in order to clarify how it affects enzyme structure and folding. Given the limitation in recombinant expression of human ETF:QO, we resort to its bacterial homologue from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Rs), in which the corresponding mutation (p.Pro389Leu) was inserted. The in vitro biochemical and biophysical investigations of the Rs ETF:QO-p.Pro389Leu variant showed that, while the mutation does not significantly affect the protein α/β fold, it introduces some plasticity on the tertiary structure and within flavin interactions. Indeed, in the p.Pro389Leu variant, FAD exhibits a higher thermolability during thermal denaturation and a faster rate of release in temperature-induced dissociation experiments, in comparison to the wild type. Therefore, although this clinical mutation occurs in the ubiquinone domain, its effect likely propagates to the nearby FAD binding domain, probably influencing electron transfer and redox potentials. Overall, our results provide a molecular rational for the decreased enzyme activity observed in patients and suggest that compromised FAD interactions in ETF:QO might account for the known riboflavin responsiveness of this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia G Lucas
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bárbara J Henriques
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudio M Gomes
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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19
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Husen P, Nielsen C, Martino CF, Solov'yov IA. Molecular Oxygen Binding in the Mitochondrial Electron Transfer Flavoprotein. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:4868-4879. [PMID: 31665600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species such as superoxide are potentially harmful byproducts of the aerobic metabolism in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and complexes I, II, III of the electron transport chain have been identified as primary sources. The mitochondrial fatty acid b-oxidation pathway may also play a yet uncharacterized role in reactive oxygen species generation, apparently at the level of the electron transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF:QO) and/or its redox partner electron-transfer flavoprotein (ETF). These enzymes comprise a key pathway through which electrons are sequentially shuttled from several dehydrogenases to the respiratory chain. The exact mechanisms of superoxide production have not been fully established, but a crucial starting point would be the binding of molecular oxygen within one of the protein complexes. The present investigation offers a comprehensive computational approach for the determination of binding modes and characteristic binding times of small molecules inside proteins, which is then used to reveal several O2 binding sites near the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor of the ETF enzyme. The binding sites are further characterized to extract the necessary parameters for further studies of possible electron transfer between flavin and O2 leading to radical pair formation and possible superoxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Husen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Claus Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Carlos F Martino
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Science Department , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Florida 32901 , United States
| | - Ilia A Solov'yov
- Department of Physics , Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg , Germany
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20
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Zhang Y, Bharathi SS, Beck ME, Goetzman ES. The fatty acid oxidation enzyme long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase can be a source of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101253. [PMID: 31234015 PMCID: PMC6597861 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-driven H2O2 has been shown to be a major source of oxidative stress in several tissues and disease states. Here, we established that the mitochondrial flavoprotein long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), which catalyzes a key step in mitochondrial FAO, directly produces H2O2in vitro by leaking electrons to oxygen. Kinetic analysis of recombinant human LCAD showed that it produces H2O2 15-fold faster than the related mitochondrial enzyme very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), but 50-fold slower than a bona fide peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase. The rate of H2O2 formation by human LCAD is slow compared to its activity as a dehydrogenase (about 1%). However, expression of hLCAD in HepG2 cells is sufficient to significantly increase H2O2 in the presence of fatty acids. Liver mitochondria from LCAD−/− mice, but not VLCAD−/− mice, produce significantly less H2O2 during incubation with fatty acids. Finally, we observe highest LCAD expression in human liver, followed by kidney, lung, and pancreas. Based on our data, we propose that the presence of LCAD drives H2O2 formation in response to fatty acids in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Sivakama S Bharathi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Megan E Beck
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
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21
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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in In Vitro Cardiac Maturation. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:482-493. [PMID: 31080142 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in developmental biology and biomedical engineering have significantly improved the efficiency and purity of cardiomyocytes (CMs) generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Regardless of the protocol used to derive CMs, these cells exhibit hallmarks of functional immaturity. In this Opinion, we focus on reactive oxygen species (ROS), signaling molecules that can potentially modulate cardiac maturation. We outline how ROS impacts nearly every aspect associated with cardiac maturation, including contractility, calcium handling, metabolism, and hypertrophy. Though the precise role of ROS in cardiac maturation has yet to be elucidated, ROS may provide a valuable perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms for cardiac maturation under various conditions.
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22
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Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhao C, Zhuang X, Zhu L, Guo C, Song Y. Improvement of Spinosad Production upon Utilization of Oils and Manipulation of β-Oxidation in a High-Producing Saccharopolyspora spinosa Strain. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 28:53-64. [PMID: 29730661 DOI: 10.1159/000487854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinosad, a member of polyketide-derived macrolides produced in the actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa, has been developed as a broad-spectrum and effective insecticide. The β-oxidation pathway could be an important source of building blocks for the biosynthesis of spinosad, thus the effect of vegetable oils on the production of spinosad in a high-yield strain was investigated. The spinosad production increased significantly with the addition of strawberry seed oil (511.64 mg/L) and camellia oil (520.07 mg/L) compared to the control group without oil (285.76 mg/L) and soybean oil group (398.11 mg/L). It also revealed that the addition of oils would affect the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, precursor supply, and oxidative stress. The genetically engineered strain, in which fadD1 and fadE genes of Streptomyces coelicolor were inserted, produced spinosad up to 784.72 mg/L in the medium containing camellia oil, while a higher spinosad production level (843.40 mg/L) was detected with the addition of 0.01 mM of thiourea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Zhuang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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23
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Ng YW, Say YH. Palmitic acid induces neurotoxicity and gliatoxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma and T98G human glioblastoma cells. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4696. [PMID: 29713567 PMCID: PMC5924683 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity-related central nervous system (CNS) pathologies like neuroinflammation and reactive gliosis are associated with high-fat diet (HFD) related elevation of saturated fatty acids like palmitic acid (PA) in neurons and astrocytes of the brain. Methods Human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y (as a neuronal model) and human glioblastoma cells T98G (as an astrocytic model), were treated with 100–500 µM PA, oleic acid (OA) or lauric acid (LA) for 24 h or 48 h, and their cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effects of stable overexpression of γ-synuclein (γ-syn), a neuronal protein recently recognized as a novel regulator of lipid handling in adipocytes, and transient overexpression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) α-synuclein [α-syn; wild-type (wt) and its pathogenic mutants A53T, A30P and E46K] in SH-SY5Y and T98G cells, were also evaluated. The effects of co-treatment of PA with paraquat (PQ), a Parkinsonian pesticide, and leptin, a hormone involved in the brain-adipose axis, were also assessed. Cell death mode and cell cycle were analyzed by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescien diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay and lipid peroxidation level was determined using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Results MTT assay revealed dose- and time-dependent PA cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y and T98G cells, but not OA and LA. The cytotoxicity was significantly lower in SH-SY5Y-γ-syn cells, while transient overexpression of wt α-syn or its PD mutants (A30P and E46K, but not A53T) modestly (but still significantly) rescued the cytotoxicity of PA in SH-SY5Y and T98G cells. Co-treatment of increasing concentrations of PQ exacerbated PA’s neurotoxicity. Pre-treatment of leptin, an anti-apoptotic adipokine, did not successfully rescue SH-SY5Y cells from PA-induced cytotoxicity—suggesting a mechanism of PA-induced leptin resistance. Annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis revealed PA-induced increase in percentages of cells in annexin V-positive/PI-negative quadrant (early apoptosis) and subG0-G1 fraction, accompanied by a decrease in G2-M phase cells. The PA-induced ROS production and lipid peroxidation was at greater extent in T98G as compared to that in SH-SY5Y. Discussion In conclusion, PA induces apoptosis by increasing oxidative stress in neurons and astrocytes. Taken together, the results suggest that HFD may cause neuronal and astrocytic damage, which indirectly proposes that CNS pathologies involving neuroinflammation and reactive gliosis could be prevented via the diet regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Wen Ng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Kampar Campus, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yee-How Say
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Kampar Campus, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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Molecular Basis for Converting (2S)-Methylsuccinyl-CoA Dehydrogenase into an Oxidase. Molecules 2017; 23:molecules23010068. [PMID: 29283425 PMCID: PMC6017585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although flavoenzymes have been studied in detail, the molecular basis of their dioxygen reactivity is only partially understood. The members of the flavin adenosine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and acyl-CoA oxidase families catalyze similar reactions and share common structural features. However, both enzyme families feature opposing reaction specificities in respect to dioxygen. Dehydrogenases react with electron transfer flavoproteins as terminal electron acceptors and do not show a considerable reactivity with dioxygen, whereas dioxygen serves as a bona fide substrate for oxidases. We recently engineered (2S)-methylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase towards oxidase activity by rational mutagenesis. Here we characterized the (2S)-methylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase wild-type, as well as the engineered (2S)-methylsuccinyl-CoA oxidase, in detail. Using stopped-flow UV-spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based assays, we explain the molecular base for dioxygen reactivity in the engineered oxidase and show that the increased oxidase function of the engineered enzyme comes at a decreased dehydrogenase activity. Our findings add to the common notion that an increased activity for a specific substrate is achieved at the expense of reaction promiscuity and provide guidelines for rational engineering efforts of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and oxidases.
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25
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Deepthi BV, Somashekaraiah R, Poornachandra Rao K, Deepa N, Dharanesha NK, Girish KS, Sreenivasa MY. Lactobacillus plantarum MYS6 Ameliorates Fumonisin B1-Induced Hepatorenal Damage in Broilers. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2317. [PMID: 29213265 PMCID: PMC5702784 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species is a predominant Group 2B carcinogen occurring in maize and maize-based poultry feeds. It is shown to be nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, and immunosuppressing in animals. In this study, we report the ameliorating effects of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarum MYS6 on FB1-induced toxicity and oxidative damage in broilers. A 6-week dietary experiment consisting of 48 broilers was performed in six treatment groups. Probiotic treatment (109 cells/mL) involved pre-colonization of broilers with L. plantarum MYS6 while co-administration treatment involved supplementation of probiotic and FB1-contaminated diet (200 mg/Kg feed) simultaneously. At the end of the treatment period, growth performance, hematology, serum biochemistry, and markers of oxidative stress in serum and tissue homogenates were evaluated in all the broilers. The histopathological changes in hepatic and renal tissues were further studied. The results demonstrated that administration of L. plantarum MYS6 efficiently improved the feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio in broilers. It mitigated the altered levels of hematological indices such as complete blood count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Serum parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and albumin were significantly restored after administering the probiotic in FB1-intoxicated broilers. Additionally, L. plantarum MYS6 alleviated the levels of oxidative stress markers in serum and tissue homogenate of liver. The histopathological data of liver and kidney further substantiated the overall protection offered by L. plantarum MYS6 against FB1-induced cellular toxicity and organ damage in broilers. Our results indicated that co-administration of probiotic along with the toxin had better effect in detoxification compared to its pre-colonization in broilers. Collectively, our study signifies the protective role of L. plantarum MYS6 in ameliorating the FB1-induced toxicity in the vital organs and subsequent oxidative stress in broilers. The probiotic L. plantarum MYS6 can further be formulated into a functional feed owing to its anti-fumonisin attributes and role in mitigating FB1-induced hepatorenal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Deepthi
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | | | | | - N Deepa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - N K Dharanesha
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Information Centre, Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University (KVAFSU), Mysuru, India
| | - K S Girish
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur Universty, Tumkur, India
| | - M Y Sreenivasa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
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26
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Rodríguez-Sinovas A, Ruiz-Meana M, Denuc A, García-Dorado D. Mitochondrial Cx43, an important component of cardiac preconditioning. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017. [PMID: 28642043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) forms gap junction channels that are essential for the propagation of electrical depolarization in cardiomyocytes, but also with important roles in the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury. However, more recent studies have shown that Cx43 has also important functions independent from intercellular communication between adjacent cardiomyocytes. Some of these actions have been related to the presence of Cx43 in the mitochondria of these cells (mitoCx43). The functions of mitoCx43 have not been completely elucidated, but there is strong evidence indicating that mitoCx43 modulates mitochondrial respiration at respiratory complex I, production of radical oxygen species and ATP synthesis. These functions of mitoCx43 modulate mitochondrial and cellular tolerance to reperfusion after prolonged ischemia and are necessary for the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. In the present review article we discuss available knowledge on these functions of mitoCx43 in relation to reperfusion injury, the molecular mechanisms involved and explore the possibility that mitoCx43 may constitute a new pharmacological target in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rodríguez-Sinovas
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Amanda Denuc
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David García-Dorado
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.
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Liang WC, Lin YF, Liu TY, Chang SC, Chen BH, Nishino I, Jong YJ. Neurite growth could be impaired by ETFDH
mutation but restored by mitochondrial cofactors. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:479-485. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.25501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chen Liang
- Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Shin-Cheng Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Bai-Hsiun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research; National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Clinical Development, Translational Medical Center; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu Taiwan
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28
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Moreno-Loshuertos R, Enríquez JA. Respiratory supercomplexes and the functional segmentation of the CoQ pool. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:5-13. [PMID: 27105951 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evidence accumulated during the last fifteen years on the existence of respiratory supercomplexes and their proposed functional implications has changed our understanding of the OXPHOS system complexity and regulation. The plasticity model is a point of encounter accounting for the apparently contradictory experimental observations claimed to support either the solid or the fluid models. It allows the explanation of previous observations such as the dependence between respiratory complexes, supercomplex assembly dynamics or the existence of different functional ubiquinone pools. With the general acceptation of respiratory supercomplexes as true entities, this review evaluates the supporting evidences in favor or against the existence of different ubiquinone pools and the relationship between supercomplexes, ROS production and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Moreno-Loshuertos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
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29
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Mitochondrial Protein Interaction Mapping Identifies Regulators of Respiratory Chain Function. Mol Cell 2016; 63:621-632. [PMID: 27499296 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for numerous cellular processes, yet hundreds of their proteins lack robust functional annotation. To reveal functions for these proteins (termed MXPs), we assessed condition-specific protein-protein interactions for 50 select MXPs using affinity enrichment mass spectrometry. Our data connect MXPs to diverse mitochondrial processes, including multiple aspects of respiratory chain function. Building upon these observations, we validated C17orf89 as a complex I (CI) assembly factor. Disruption of C17orf89 markedly reduced CI activity, and its depletion is found in an unresolved case of CI deficiency. We likewise discovered that LYRM5 interacts with and deflavinates the electron-transferring flavoprotein that shuttles electrons to coenzyme Q (CoQ). Finally, we identified a dynamic human CoQ biosynthetic complex involving multiple MXPs whose topology we map using purified components. Collectively, our data lend mechanistic insight into respiratory chain-related activities and prioritize hundreds of additional interactions for further exploration of mitochondrial protein function.
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30
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Denuc A, Núñez E, Calvo E, Loureiro M, Miro-Casas E, Guarás A, Vázquez J, Garcia-Dorado D. New protein-protein interactions of mitochondrial connexin 43 in mouse heart. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:794-803. [PMID: 26915330 PMCID: PMC4831365 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43), the gap junction protein involved in cell-to-cell coupling in the heart, is also present in the subsarcolemmal fraction of cardiomyocyte mitochondria. It has been described to regulate mitochondrial potassium influx and respiration and to be important for ischaemic preconditioning protection, although the molecular effectors involved are not fully characterized. In this study, we looked for potential partners of mitochondrial Cx43 in an attempt to identify new molecular pathways for cardioprotection. Mass spectrometry analysis of native immunoprecipitated mitochondrial extracts showed that Cx43 interacts with several proteins related with mitochondrial function and metabolism. Among them, we selected for further analysis only those present in the subsarcolemmal mitochondrial fraction and known to be related with the respiratory chain. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and the beta-subunit of the electron-transfer protein (ETFB), two proteins unrelated to date with Cx43, fulfilled these conditions, and their interaction with Cx43 was proven by direct and reverse co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, a previously unknown molecular interaction between AIF and ETFB was established, and protein content and sub-cellular localization appeared to be independent from the presence of Cx43. Our results identify new protein-protein interactions between AIF-Cx43, ETFB-Cx43 and AIF-ETFB as possible players in the regulation of the mitochondrial redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Denuc
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Reseach Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Núñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Loureiro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Miro-Casas
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Reseach Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adela Guarás
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Reseach Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Dasgupta Y, Koptyra M, Hoser G, Kantekure K, Roy D, Gornicka B, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Bolton-Gillespie E, Cerny-Reiterer S, Müschen M, Valent P, Wasik MA, Richardson C, Hantschel O, van der Kuip H, Stoklosa T, Skorski T. Normal ABL1 is a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target in human and mouse leukemias expressing oncogenic ABL1 kinases. Blood 2016; 127:2131-43. [PMID: 26864341 PMCID: PMC4850868 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-681171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemias expressing constitutively activated mutants of ABL1 tyrosine kinase (BCR-ABL1, TEL-ABL1, NUP214-ABL1) usually contain at least 1 normal ABL1 allele. Because oncogenic and normal ABL1 kinases may exert opposite effects on cell behavior, we examined the role of normal ABL1 in leukemias induced by oncogenic ABL1 kinases. BCR-ABL1-Abl1(-/-) cells generated highly aggressive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)-blast phase-like disease in mice compared with less malignant CML-chronic phase-like disease from BCR-ABL1-Abl1(+/+) cells. Additionally, loss of ABL1 stimulated proliferation and expansion of BCR-ABL1 murine leukemia stem cells, arrested myeloid differentiation, inhibited genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis, and facilitated accumulation of chromosomal aberrations. Conversely, allosteric stimulation of ABL1 kinase activity enhanced the antileukemia effect of ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib and ponatinib) in human and murine leukemias expressing BCR-ABL1, TEL-ABL1, and NUP214-ABL1. Therefore, we postulate that normal ABL1 kinase behaves like a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target in leukemias expressing oncogenic forms of the kinase.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/enzymology
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytostatic Agents/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genes, abl
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Experimental/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Experimental/enzymology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Oxidative Stress
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/physiology
- Pyridazines/pharmacology
- Pyridazines/therapeutic use
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodhara Dasgupta
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mateusz Koptyra
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Grazyna Hoser
- Department of Clinical Cytology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kanchan Kantekure
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Darshan Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Barbara Gornicka
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna and Ludwig-Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna and Ludwig-Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Bioinformatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Oliver Hantschel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heiko van der Kuip
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany; and
| | - Tomasz Stoklosa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Interplay between oxidant species and energy metabolism. Redox Biol 2015; 8:28-42. [PMID: 26741399 PMCID: PMC4710798 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that energy metabolism is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and critical enzymes allied to metabolic pathways can be affected by redox reactions. This interplay between energy metabolism and ROS becomes most apparent during the aging process and in the onset and progression of many age-related diseases (i.e. diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases). As such, the capacity to identify metabolic pathways involved in ROS formation, as well as specific targets and oxidative modifications is crucial to our understanding of the molecular basis of age-related diseases and for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein we review oxidant formation associated with the cell's energetic metabolism, key antioxidants involved in ROS detoxification, and the principal targets of oxidant species in metabolic routes and discuss their relevance in cell signaling and age-related diseases. Energy metabolism is both a source and target of oxidant species. Reactive oxygen species are formed in redox reactions in catabolic pathways. Sensitive targets of oxidant species regulate the flux of metabolic pathways. Metabolic pathways and antioxidant systems are regulated coordinately.
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33
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Gnedenko OV, Ivanov AS, Yablokov EO, Usanov SA, Mukha DV, Sergeev GV, Kuzikov AV, Bulko TV, Moskaleva NE, Shumyantseva VV, Archakov AI. [Protein-protein interactions of cytochromes P450 3A4 and 3A5 with their intermediate redox partners cytochromes b5]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:468-73. [PMID: 26350737 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156104468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular interactions between proteins redox partners (cytochromes Р450 3А4, 3А5 and cytochrome b5) within the monooxygenase system, which is known to be involved in drug biotransformation, were investigated. Human cytochromes Р450 3А4 and 3А5 (CYP3A4 and CYP3A5) form complexes with various cytochromes b5: the microsomal (b5mc) and mitochondrial (b5om) forms of this protein, as well as with 2 "chimeric" proteins, b5(om-mc), b5(mc-om). Kinetic constants and equilibrium dissociation constants were determined by the SPR biosensor. Essential distinction between CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was only observed upon their interactions with cytochrome b5om. Electroanalytical characteristics of electrodes with immobilized hemoproteins were obtained. The electrochemical analysis of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, b5mc, b5om, b5(om-mc), and b5(mc-om) immobilized on screen printed graphite electrodes modified with membranous matrix revealed that these proteins have very close reduction potentials -0.435 -0.350 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Cytochrome b5mc was shown to be capable of stimulating the electrocatalytic activity of CYP3A4 in the presence of its substrate testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Gnedenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - E O Yablokov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of NAS, Minsk, Belarus
| | - D V Mukha
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of NAS, Minsk, Belarus
| | - G V Sergeev
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of NAS, Minsk, Belarus
| | - A V Kuzikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - A I Archakov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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34
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Bonke E, Zwicker K, Dröse S. Manganese ions induce H2O2 generation at the ubiquinone binding site of mitochondrial complex II. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 580:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Olsen RKJ, Cornelius N, Gregersen N. Redox signalling and mitochondrial stress responses; lessons from inborn errors of metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:703-19. [PMID: 26025548 PMCID: PMC4493798 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in overall cell physiology and health by integrating cellular metabolism with cellular defense and repair mechanisms in response to physiological or environmental changes or stresses. In fact, dysregulation of mitochondrial stress responses and its consequences in the form of oxidative stress, has been linked to a wide variety of diseases including inborn errors of metabolism. In this review we will summarize how the functional state of mitochondria -- and especially the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced in connection with the respiratory chain -- regulates cellular stress responses by redox regulation of nuclear gene networks involved in repair systems to maintain cellular homeostasis and health. Based on our own and other's studies we re-introduce the ROS triangle model and discuss how inborn errors of mitochondrial metabolism, by production of pathological amounts of ROS, may cause disturbed redox signalling and induce chronic cell stress with non-resolving or compromised cell repair responses and increased susceptibility to cell stress induced cell death. We suggest that this model may have important implications for those inborn errors of metabolism, where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role, as it allows the explanation of oxidative stress, metabolic reprogramming and altered signalling growth pathways that have been reported in many of the diseases. It is our hope that the model may facilitate novel ideas and directions that can be tested experimentally and used in the design of future new approaches for pre-symptomatic diagnosis and prognosis and perhaps more effective treatments of inborn errors of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke K J Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark,
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36
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Hering DM, Lecewicz M, Kordan W, Kamiński S. Association between ETFA genotype and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cryopreserved sperm of Holstein-Friesian bulls. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 50:168-71. [PMID: 25472694 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether C/T missense mutation within the ETFA gene is associated with sperm antioxidant enzymatic activity. One hundred and twenty Holstein-Friesian bulls were genotyped by the PCR-RFLP technique (MwoI). Commercial straws of frozen-thawed semen were used to evaluate the activity of three antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Among all bulls investigated, genotype CT was the most frequent (44.2%), in comparison with CC (42.5%) and TT (13.3%). Significant differences in glutathione peroxidase activity were observed between homozygous individuals (CC vs TT) with heterozygous CT having intermediate values. Dismutase activity was significantly associated with ETFA genotype, although only bulls with the CT genotype were significantly different from bulls carrying the CC genotype. The activity of catalase showed a similar trend (but was not statistically significant). In conclusion, we found that bulls with the ETFA TT genotype produce sperm with the highest glutathione peroxidase activity and can therefore be more efficiently protected from reactive oxygen. The mechanism of this interaction needs to be elucidated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Hering
- Department of Animal Genetics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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37
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Involvement of oxidative stress in subacute toxicity induced by fumonisin B1 in broiler chicks. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:180-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Gnedenko OV, Ivanov AS, Yablokov EO, Usanov SA, Mukha DV, Sergeev GV, Kuzikov AV, Moskaleva NE, Bulko TV, Shumyantseva VV, Archakov AI. Protein-protein interactions in the systems of cytochromes P450 3A4 and 3A5. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750814030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Enriquez JA, Lenaz G. Coenzyme q and the respiratory chain: coenzyme q pool and mitochondrial supercomplexes. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:119-40. [PMID: 25126045 DOI: 10.1159/000363364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two alternative models of organization of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) have been alternatively favored or questioned by the accumulation evidences of different sources, the solid model or the random collision model. Both agree in the number of respiratory complexes (I-IV) that participate in the mETC, but while the random collision model proposes that Complexes I-IV do not interact physically and that electrons are transferred between them by coenzyme Q and cytochrome c, the solid model proposes that all complexes super-assemble in the so-called respirasome. Recently, the plasticity model has been developed to incorporate the solid and the random collision model as extreme situations of a dynamic organization, allowing super-assembly free movement of the respiratory complexes. In this review, we evaluate the supporting evidences of each model and the implications of the super-assembly in the physiological role of coenzyme Q.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgio Lenaz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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40
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Gnedenko OV, Ivanov AS, Iablokov EO, Usanov SA, Mukha DV, Sergeev GV, Kuzikov AV, Moskaleva NE, Bulko TV, Shumiantseva VV, Archakov AI. [Protein-protein interactions of cytochromes P450 3A4 and 3A5 with their intermediate redox partners cytochromes b5]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2014; 60:17-27. [PMID: 24749245 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20146001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular interactions between proteins redox partners (cytochromes P450 3A4, 3A5 and cytochrome b5) within the monooxygenase system, which is known to be involved in drug biotransformation, were investigated. Human cytochromes P450 3A4 and 3A5 (CYP3A4 and CYP3A5) form complexes with various cytochromes b5: the microsomal (b5mc) and mitochondrial (b5om) forms of this protein, as well as with 2 "chimeric" proteins, b5(om-mc), b5(mc-om). Kinetic constants and equilibrium dissociation constants were determined by the SPR biosensor. Essential distinction between CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was only observed upon their interactions with cytochrome b5om. Electroanalytical characteristics of electrodes with immobilized hemoproteins were obtained. The electrochemical analysis of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, b5mc, b5om, b5(om-mc), and b5(mc-om) immobilized on screen printed graphite electrodes modified with membranous matrix revealed that these proteins have very close reduction potentials -0.435 - -0.350 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Cytochrome b5mc was shown to be capable of stimulating the electrocatalytic activity of CYP3A4 to testosterone.
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41
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Chen CT, Trépanier MO, Hopperton KE, Domenichiello AF, Masoodi M, Bazinet RP. Inhibiting mitochondrial β-oxidation selectively reduces levels of nonenzymatic oxidative polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in the brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:376-9. [PMID: 24326387 PMCID: PMC3948125 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schönfeld and Reiser recently hypothesized that fatty acid β-oxidation is a source of oxidative stress in the brain. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited brain mitochondrial β-oxidation with methyl palmoxirate (MEP) and measured oxidative polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites in the rat brain. Upon MEP treatment, levels of several nonenzymatic auto-oxidative PUFA metabolites were reduced with few effects on enzymatically derived metabolites. Our finding confirms the hypothesis that reduced fatty acid β-oxidation decreases oxidative stress in the brain and β-oxidation inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic approach for brain disorders associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuck T Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Trépanier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn E Hopperton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony F Domenichiello
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mojgan Masoodi
- 1] Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Use of rapid-scan EPR to improve detection sensitivity for spin-trapped radicals. Biophys J 2014; 105:338-42. [PMID: 23870255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The short lifetime of superoxide and the low rates of formation expected in vivo make detection by standard continuous wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) challenging. The new rapid-scan EPR method offers improved sensitivity for these types of samples. In rapid-scan EPR, the magnetic field is scanned through resonance in a time that is short relative to electron spin relaxation times, and data are processed to obtain the absorption spectrum. To validate the application of rapid-scan EPR to spin trapping, superoxide was generated by the reaction of xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine with rates of 0.1-6.0 μM/min and trapped with 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (BMPO). Spin trapping with BMPO to form the BMPO-OOH adduct converts the very short-lived superoxide radical into a more stable spin adduct. There is good agreement between the hyperfine splitting parameters obtained for BMPO-OOH by CW and rapid-scan EPR. For the same signal acquisition time, the signal/noise ratio is >40 times higher for rapid-scan than for CW EPR. Rapid-scan EPR can detect superoxide produced by Enterococcus faecalis at rates that are too low for detection by CW EPR.
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43
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Gnedenko O, Yablokov E, Usanov S, Mukha D, Sergeev G, Bulko T, Kuzikov A, Moskaleva N, Shumyantseva V, Ivanov A, Archakov A. SPR and electrochemical analyses of interactions between CYP3A4 or 3A5 and cytochrome b5. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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44
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Cardoso AR, Kakimoto PAHB, Kowaltowski AJ. Diet-sensitive sources of reactive oxygen species in liver mitochondria: role of very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77088. [PMID: 24116206 PMCID: PMC3792056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diets and accompanying hepatic steatosis are highly prevalent conditions. Previous work has shown that steatosis is accompanied by enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may mediate further liver damage. Here we investigated mechanisms leading to enhanced ROS generation following high fat diets (HFD). We found that mitochondria from HFD livers present no differences in maximal respiratory rates and coupling, but generate more ROS specifically when fatty acids are used as substrates. Indeed, many acyl-CoA dehydrogenase isoforms were found to be more highly expressed in HFD livers, although only the very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) was more functionally active. Studies conducted with permeabilized mitochondria and different chain length acyl-CoA derivatives suggest that VLCAD is also a source of ROS production in mitochondria of HFD animals. This production is stimulated by the lack of NAD(+). Overall, our studies uncover VLCAD as a novel, diet-sensitive, source of mitochondrial ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel R. Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pâmela A. H. B. Kakimoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alicia J. Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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45
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Schönfeld P, Reiser G. Why does brain metabolism not favor burning of fatty acids to provide energy? Reflections on disadvantages of the use of free fatty acids as fuel for brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1493-9. [PMID: 23921897 PMCID: PMC3790936 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is puzzling that hydrogen-rich fatty acids are used only poorly as fuel in the brain. The long-standing belief that a slow passage of fatty acids across the blood-brain barrier might be the reason. However, this has been corrected by experimental results. Otherwise, accumulated nonesterified fatty acids or their activated derivatives could exert detrimental activities on mitochondria, which might trigger the mitochondrial route of apoptosis. Here, we draw attention to three particular problems: (1) ATP generation linked to β-oxidation of fatty acids demands more oxygen than glucose, thereby enhancing the risk for neurons to become hypoxic; (2) β-oxidation of fatty acids generates superoxide, which, taken together with the poor anti-oxidative defense in neurons, causes severe oxidative stress; (3) the rate of ATP generation based on adipose tissue-derived fatty acids is slower than that using blood glucose as fuel. Thus, in periods of extended continuous and rapid neuronal firing, fatty acid oxidation cannot guarantee rapid ATP generation in neurons. We conjecture that the disadvantages connected with using fatty acids as fuel have created evolutionary pressure on lowering the expression of the β-oxidation enzyme equipment in brain mitochondria to avoid extensive fatty acid oxidation and to favor glucose oxidation in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schönfeld
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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46
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Liang WC, Nishino I. Riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A frequent condition in the southern Chinese population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ncn3.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chen Liang
- Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics; School of Medicine; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Clinical Development; Translational Medical Center; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Tokyo Japan
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Perevoshchikova IV, Quinlan CL, Orr AL, Gerencser AA, Brand MD. Sites of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production during fatty acid oxidation in rat skeletal muscle mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:298-309. [PMID: 23583329 PMCID: PMC3871980 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
H2O2 production by skeletal muscle mitochondria oxidizing palmitoylcarnitine was examined under two conditions: the absence of respiratory chain inhibitors and the presence of myxothiazol to inhibit complex III. Without inhibitors, respiration and H2O2 production were low unless carnitine or malate was added to limit acetyl-CoA accumulation. With palmitoylcarnitine alone, H2O2 production was dominated by complex II (44% from site IIF in the forward reaction); the remainder was mostly from complex I (34%, superoxide from site IF). With added carnitine, H2O2 production was about equally shared between complexes I, II, and III. With added malate, it was 75% from complex III (superoxide from site IIIQo) and 25% from site IF. Thus complex II (site IIF in the forward reaction) is a major source of H2O2 production during oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine ± carnitine. Under the second condition (myxothiazol present to keep ubiquinone reduced), the rates of H2O2 production were highest in the presence of palmitoylcarnitine ± carnitine and were dominated by complex II (site IIF in the reverse reaction). About half the rest was from site IF, but a significant portion, ∼40pmol H2O2·min(-1)·mg protein(-1), was not from complex I, II, or III and was attributed to the proteins of β-oxidation (electron-transferring flavoprotein (ETF) and ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase). The maximum rate from the ETF system was ∼200pmol H2O2·min(-1)·mg protein(-1) under conditions of compromised antioxidant defense and reduced ubiquinone pool. Thus complex II and the ETF system both contribute to H2O2 productionduring fatty acid oxidation under appropriate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam L Orr
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | - Martin D Brand
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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48
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SIRT3 regulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:634-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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49
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The determination and analysis of site-specific rates of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Methods Enzymol 2013; 526:189-217. [PMID: 23791102 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405883-5.00012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely implicated in physiological and pathological pathways. We propose that it is critical to understand the specific sites of mitochondrial ROS production and their mechanisms of action. Mitochondria possess at least eight distinct sites of ROS production in the electron transport chain and matrix compartment. In this chapter, we describe the nature of the mitochondrial ROS-producing machinery and the relative capacities of each site. We provide detailed methods for the measurement of H2O2 release and the conditions under which maximal rates from each site can be achieved in intact skeletal muscle mitochondria.
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50
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Alves E, Henriques BJ, Rodrigues JV, Prudêncio P, Rocha H, Vilarinho L, Martinho RG, Gomes CM. Mutations at the flavin binding site of ETF:QO yield a MADD-like severe phenotype in Drosophila. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1284-92. [PMID: 22580358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Following a screening on EMS-induced Drosophila mutants defective for formation and morphogenesis of epithelial cells, we have identified three lethal mutants defective for the production of embryonic cuticle. The mutants are allelic to the CG12140 gene, the fly homologue of electron transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF:QO). In humans, inherited defects in this inner membrane protein account for multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), a metabolic disease of β-oxidation, with a broad range of clinical phenotypes, varying from embryonic lethal to mild forms. The three mutant alleles carried distinct missense mutations in ETF:QO (G65E, A68V and S104F) and maternal mutant embryos for ETF:QO showed lethal morphogenetic defects and a significant induction of apoptosis following germ-band elongation. This phenotype is accompanied by an embryonic accumulation of short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines (C4, C8 and C12) as well as long-chain acylcarnitines (C14 and C16:1), whose elevation is also found in severe MADD forms in humans under intense metabolic decompensation. In agreement the ETF:QO activity in the mutant embryos is markedly decreased in relation to wild type activity. Amino acid sequence analysis and structural mapping into a molecular model of ETF:QO show that all mutations map at FAD interacting residues, two of which at the nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold. This structural domain is composed by a β-strand connected by a short loop to an α-helix, and its perturbation results in impaired cofactor association via structural destabilisation and consequently enzymatic inactivation. This work thus pinpoints the molecular origins of a severe MADD-like phenotype in the fruit fly and establishes the proof of concept concerning the suitability of this organism as a potential model organism for MADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Alves
- Instituto Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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