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Schneider A, Hage A, Stein ICAP, Kriedemann N, Zweigerdt R, Leffler A. A Possible Role of Tetrodotoxin-Sensitive Na + Channels for Oxidation-Induced Late Na + Currents in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6596. [PMID: 38928302 PMCID: PMC11203718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes can induce pro-arrhythmogenic late Na+ currents by removing the inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels including the tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant cardiac α-subunit Nav1.5 as well as TTX-sensitive α-subunits like Nav1.2 and Nav1.3. Here, we explored oxidant-induced late Na+ currents in mouse cardiomyocytes and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) as well as in HEK 293 cells expressing Nav1.2, Nav1.3, or Nav1.5. Na+ currents in mouse cardiomyocytes and hiPSC-CMs treated with the oxidant chloramine T (ChT) developed a moderate reduction in peak current amplitudes accompanied by large late Na+ currents. While ChT induced a strong reduction in peak current amplitudes but only small persistent currents on Nav1.5, both Nav1.2 and Nav1.3 produced increased peak current amplitudes and large persistent currents following oxidation. TTX (300 nM) blocked ChT-induced late Na+ currents significantly stronger as compared to peak Na+ currents in both mouse cardiomyocytes and hiPSC-CMs. Similar differences between Nav1.2, Nav1.3, and Nav1.5 regarding ROS sensitivity were also evident when oxidation was induced with UVA-light (380 nm) or the cysteine-selective oxidant nitroxyl (HNO). To conclude, our data on TTX-sensitive Na+ channels expressed in cardiomyocytes may be relevant for the generation of late Na+ currents following oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schneider
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany (A.H.); (I.C.A.P.S.)
| | - Axel Hage
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany (A.H.); (I.C.A.P.S.)
| | | | - Nils Kriedemann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany (A.H.); (I.C.A.P.S.)
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2
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McCauley MD, Iacobellis G, Li N, Nattel S, Goldberger JJ. Targeting the Substrate for Atrial Fibrillation: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:2015-2027. [PMID: 38749620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
The identification of the pulmonary veins as a trigger source for atrial fibrillation (AF) has established pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) as a key target for AF ablation. However, PVI alone does not prevent recurrent AF in many patients, and numerous additional ablation strategies have failed to improve on PVI outcomes. This therapeutic limitation may be due, in part, to a failure to identify and intervene specifically on the pro-fibrillatory substrate within the atria and pulmonary veins. In this review paper, we highlight several emerging approaches with clinical potential that target atrial cardiomyopathy-the underlying anatomic, electrical, and/or autonomic disease affecting the atrium-in various stages of practice and investigation. In particular, we consider the evolving roles of risk factor modification, targeting of epicardial adipose tissue, tissue fibrosis, oxidative stress, and the inflammasome, along with aggressive early anti-AF therapy in AF management. Attention to combatting substrate development promises to improve outcomes in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D McCauley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gianluca Iacobellis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; IHU LIRYC and Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jeffrey J Goldberger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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3
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Zheng H, Xu Y, Liehn EA, Rusu M. Vitamin C as Scavenger of Reactive Oxygen Species during Healing after Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3114. [PMID: 38542087 PMCID: PMC10970003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, coronary artery bypass and reperfusion therapies are considered the gold standard in long-term treatments to restore heart function after acute myocardial infarction. As a drawback of these restoring strategies, reperfusion after an ischemic insult and sudden oxygen exposure lead to the exacerbated synthesis of additional reactive oxidative species and the persistence of increased oxidation levels. Attempts based on antioxidant treatment have failed to achieve an effective therapy for cardiovascular disease patients. The controversial use of vitamin C as an antioxidant in clinical practice is comprehensively systematized and discussed in this review. The dose-dependent adsorption and release kinetics mechanism of vitamin C is complex; however, this review may provide a holistic perspective on its potential as a preventive supplement and/or for combined precise and targeted therapeutics in cardiovascular management therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Yichen Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Elisa A. Liehn
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- National Institute of Pathology “Victor Babes”, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 99-101, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Rusu
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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4
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Xiao L, Chen XJ, Feng JK, Li WN, Yuan S, Hu Y. Natural products as the calcium channel blockers for the treatment of arrhythmia: Advance and prospect. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105600. [PMID: 37419421 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmia is one of the commonly heart diseases with observed abnormal heart-beat rhythm that caused by the obstacles of cardiac activity and conduction. The arrhythmic pathogenesis is complex and capricious and related with other cardiovascular diseases that may lead to heart failure and sudden death. In particular, calcium overload is recognized as the main reason causing arrhythmia through inducing apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, calcium channel blockers have been widely used as the routine drugs for the treatment of arrhythmia, but the different arrhythmic complications and adverse effects limit their further applications and demand new drug discovery. Natural products have always been the rich minerals for the development of new drugs that could be employed as the versatile player for the discovery of safe and effective anti-arrhythmia drugs with new mechanisms. In this review, we summarized natural products with the activity against calcium signaling and the relevant mechanism of actions. We are expected to provide an inspiration for the pharmaceutical chemists to develop more potent calcium channel blockers for the treatment of arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xing-Juan Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | | | - Wei-Na Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
| | - Ying Hu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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5
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Reyes Gaido OE, Nkashama LJ, Schole KL, Wang Q, Umapathi P, Mesubi OO, Konstantinidis K, Luczak ED, Anderson ME. CaMKII as a Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:249-272. [PMID: 35973713 PMCID: PMC11019858 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051421-111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CaMKII (the multifunctional Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) is a highly validated signal for promoting a variety of common diseases, particularly in the cardiovascular system. Despite substantial amounts of convincing preclinical data, CaMKII inhibitors have yet to emerge in clinical practice. Therapeutic inhibition is challenged by the diversity of CaMKII isoforms and splice variants and by physiological CaMKII activity that contributes to learning and memory. Thus, uncoupling the harmful and beneficial aspects of CaMKII will be paramount to developing effective therapies. In the last decade, several targeting strategies have emerged, including small molecules, peptides, and nucleotides, which hold promise in discriminating pathological from physiological CaMKII activity. Here we review the cellular and molecular biology of CaMKII, discuss its role in physiological and pathological signaling, and consider new findings and approaches for developing CaMKII therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E Reyes Gaido
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | | | - Kate L Schole
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Priya Umapathi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Olurotimi O Mesubi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Klitos Konstantinidis
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Elizabeth D Luczak
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
- Departments of Physiology and Genetic Medicine and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Zhang J, Zhang F, Ge J. SGLT2 inhibitors protect cardiomyocytes from myocardial infarction: a direct mechanism? Future Cardiol 2022; 18:867-882. [PMID: 36111579 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2022-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SGLT2 inhibitors have been developed as a novel class of glucose-lowering drugs affecting reabsorption of glucose and metabolic processes. They have been recently identified to be remarkably favorable in treating cardiovascular diseases, especially heart failure. Preclinical experiments have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors could hinder the progression of myocardial infarction and alleviate cardiac remodeling by mechanisms of metabolism influence, autophagy induction, inflammation attenuation and fibrosis reduction. Here we summarize the direct mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors on myocardial infarction and investigate whether it could be applied to the clinic in improving cardiac function and healing after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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7
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Post-cardioversion time Course of Atrial Remodeling Markers and their Association with Recurrence in Subjects with Long-standing, Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:673-679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Dyck JRB, Sossalla S, Hamdani N, Coronel R, Weber NC, Light PE, Zuurbier CJ. Cardiac mechanisms of the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure: Evidence for potential off-target effects. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 167:17-31. [PMID: 35331696 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) constitute a promising drug treatment for heart failure patients with either preserved or reduced ejection fraction. Whereas SGLT2i were originally developed to target SGLT2 in the kidney to facilitate glucosuria in diabetic patients, it is becoming increasingly clear that these drugs also have important effects outside of the kidney. In this review we summarize the literature on cardiac effects of SGLT2i, focussing on pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress processes, ion transport mechanisms controlling sodium and calcium homeostasis and metabolic/mitochondrial pathways. These mechanisms are particularly important as disturbances in these pathways result in endothelial dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, cardiac stiffness, and cardiac arrhythmias that together contribute to heart failure. We review the findings that support the concept that SGLT2i directly and beneficially interfere with inflammation, oxidative stress, ionic homeostasis, and metabolism within the cardiac cell. However, given the very low levels of SGLT2 in cardiac cells, the evidence suggests that SGLT2-independent effects of this class of drugs likely occurs via off-target effects in the myocardium. Thus, while there is still much to be understood about the various factors which determine how SGLT2i affect cardiac cells, much of the research clearly demonstrates that direct cardiac effects of these SGLT2i exist, albeit mediated via SGLT2-independent pathways, and these pathways may play a role in explaining the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R B Dyck
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Georg-August-Universität Goettingen, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch Str. 40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ruben Coronel
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nina C Weber
- Department of Anesthesiology - L.E.I.C.A, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter E Light
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Department of Anesthesiology - L.E.I.C.A, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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9
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Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Cardiac Remodeling. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:944-956. [PMID: 35290593 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have evident cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes with or at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (only empagliflozin and dapagliflozin have been investigated in this group so far), and chronic kidney disease. Prevention and reversal of adverse cardiac remodeling is one of the mechanisms by which SGLT2 inhibitors may exert cardiovascular benefits, especially heart failure-related outcomes. Cardiac remodeling encompasses molecular, cellular, and interstitial changes that result in favorable changes in the mass, geometry, size, and function of the heart. The pathophysiological mechanisms of adverse cardiac remodeling are related to increased apoptosis and necrosis, decreased autophagy, impairments of myocardial oxygen supply and demand, and altered energy metabolism. Herein, the accumulating evidence from animal and human studies is reviewed investigating the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on these mechanisms of cardiac remodeling.
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10
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Hou W, Xu H. Incorporating Selenium into Heterocycles and Natural Products─From Chemical Properties to Pharmacological Activities. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4436-4456. [PMID: 35244394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se)-containing compounds have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of a range of diseases. Through tremendous effort, considerable knowledge has been acquired to understand the complex chemical properties and biological activities of selenium, especially after its incorporation into bioactive molecules. From this perspective, we compiled extensive literature evidence to summarize and critically discuss the relationship between the pharmacological activities and chemical properties of selenium compounds and the strategic incorporation of selenium into organic molecules, especially bioactive heterocycles and natural products. We also provide perspectives regarding the challenges in selenium-based medicinal chemistry and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development and Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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11
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Bhullar S, Shah A, Dhalla N. Mechanisms for the development of heart failure and improvement of cardiac function by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-36256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, are well-known for the treatments of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension and acute coronary syndrome. Several of these inhibitors including captopril, enalapril, ramipril, zofenopril and imidapril attenuate vasoconstriction, cardiac hypertrophy and adverse cardiac remodeling, improve clinical outcomes in patients with cardiac dysfunction and decrease mortality. Extensive experimental and clinical research over the past 35 years has revealed that the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors in heart failure are associated with full or partial prevention of adverse cardiac remodeling. Since cardiac function is mainly determined by coordinated activities of different subcellular organelles, including sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and myofibrils, for regulating the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ and myocardial metabolism, there is ample evidence to suggest that adverse cardiac remodelling and cardiac dysfunction in the failing heart are the consequence of subcellular defects. In fact, the improvement of cardiac function by different ACE inhibitors has been demonstrated to be related to the attenuation of abnormalities in subcellular organelles for Ca2+-handling, metabolic alterations, signal transduction defects and gene expression changes in failing cardiomyocytes. Various ACE inhibitors have also been shown to delay the progression of heart failure by reducing the formation of angiotensin II, the development of oxidative stress, the level of inflammatory cytokines and the occurrence of subcellular defects. These observations support the view that ACE inhibitors improve cardiac function in the failing heart by multiple mechanisms including the reduction of oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation and Ca2+-handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes.
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12
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Molecular Mechanisms behind Persistent Presence of Parvovirus B19 in Human Dilated Myocardium. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1376:181-202. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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SULFORAPHANE EFFECTS ON CARDIAC FUNCTION AND CALCIUM-HANDLING RELATED PROTEINS IN TWO EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF HEART DISEASE. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 79:325-334. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Islam MMT, Tarnowski D, Zhang M, Trum M, Lebek S, Mustroph J, Daniel H, Moellencamp J, Pabel S, Sossalla S, El‐Armouche A, Nikolaev VO, Shah AM, Eaton P, Maier LS, Sag CM, Wagner S. Enhanced Heart Failure in Redox-Dead Cys17Ser PKARIα Knock-In Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021985. [PMID: 34583520 PMCID: PMC8649132 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background PKARIα (protein kinase A type I-α regulatory subunit) is redox-active independent of its physiologic agonist cAMP. However, it is unknown whether this alternative mechanism of PKARIα activation may be of relevance to cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Methods and Results We used a redox-dead transgenic mouse model with homozygous knock-in replacement of redox-sensitive cysteine 17 with serine within the regulatory subunits of PKARIα (KI). Reactive oxygen species were acutely evoked by exposure of isolated cardiac myocytes to AngII (angiotensin II, 1 µmol/L). The long-term relevance of oxidized PKARIα was investigated in KI mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). AngII increased reactive oxygen species in both groups but with RIα dimer formation in WT only. AngII induced translocation of PKARI to the cell membrane and resulted in protein kinase A-dependent stimulation of ICa (L-type Ca current) in WT with no effect in KI myocytes. Consequently, Ca transients were reduced in KI myocytes as compared with WT cells following acute AngII exposure. Transverse aortic constriction-related reactive oxygen species formation resulted in RIα oxidation in WT but not in KI mice. Within 6 weeks after TAC, KI mice showed an enhanced deterioration of contractile function and impaired survival compared with WT. In accordance, compared with WT, ventricular myocytes from failing KI mice displayed significantly reduced Ca transient amplitudes and lack of ICa stimulation. Conversely, direct pharmacological stimulation of ICa using Bay K8644 rescued Ca transients in AngII-treated KI myocytes and contractile function in failing KI mice in vivo. Conclusions Oxidative activation of PKARIα with subsequent stimulation of ICa preserves cardiac function in the setting of acute and chronic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Towhidul Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of DhakaBangladesh
| | - Daniel Tarnowski
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & SciencesKings College London British Heart Foundation Centre of ExcellenceLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maximilian Trum
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Simon Lebek
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Julian Mustroph
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Henriette Daniel
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Johanna Moellencamp
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Steffen Pabel
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Ali El‐Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyTechnical University DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Viacheslav O. Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular ResearchUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfEppendorfGermany
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & SciencesKings College London British Heart Foundation Centre of ExcellenceLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Philip Eaton
- The William Harvey Research InstituteBarts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Lars S. Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Can Martin Sag
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
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15
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Bhullar SK, Shah AK, Dhalla NS. Role of angiotensin II in the development of subcellular remodeling
in heart failure. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of heart failure under various pathological conditions such as myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension and diabetes are accompanied by adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Since heart function is mainly determined by coordinated activities of different subcellular organelles including sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and myofibrils for regulating the intracellular concentration of Ca2+, it has been suggested that the occurrence of heart failure is a consequence of subcellular remodeling, metabolic alterations and Ca2+-handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes. Because of the elevated plasma levels of angiotensin II (ANG II) due to activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in heart failure, we have evaluated the effectiveness of treatments with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonists in different experimental models of heart failure. Attenuation of marked alterations in subcellular activities, protein content and gene expression were associated with improvement in cardiac function in MI-induced heart failure by treatment with enalapril (an ACE inhibitor) or losartan (an AT1R antagonist). Similar beneficial effects of ANG II blockade on subcellular remodeling and cardiac performance were also observed in failing hearts due to pressure overload, volume overload or chronic diabetes. Treatments with enalapril and losartan were seen to reduce the degree of RAS activation as well as the level of oxidative stress in failing hearts. These observations provide evidence which further substantiate to support the view that activation of RAS and high level of plasma ANG II play a critical role in inducing subcellular defects and cardiac dys-function during the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder K. Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Anureet K. Shah
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P5, Canada
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16
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Philippaert K, Kalyaanamoorthy S, Fatehi M, Long W, Soni S, Byrne NJ, Barr A, Singh J, Wong J, Palechuk T, Schneider C, Darwesh AM, Maayah ZH, Seubert JM, Barakat K, Dyck JR, Light PE. Cardiac Late Sodium Channel Current Is a Molecular Target for the Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin. Circulation 2021; 143:2188-2204. [PMID: 33832341 PMCID: PMC8154177 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SGLT2 (sodium/glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors exert robust cardioprotective effects against heart failure in patients with diabetes, and there is intense interest to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms that afford this protection. Because the induction of the late component of the cardiac sodium channel current (late-INa) is involved in the etiology of heart failure, we investigated whether these drugs inhibit late-INa. METHODS Electrophysiological, in silico molecular docking, molecular, calcium imaging, and whole heart perfusion techniques were used to address this question. RESULTS The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin reduced late-INa in cardiomyocytes from mice with heart failure and in cardiac Nav1.5 sodium channels containing the long QT syndrome 3 mutations R1623Q or ΔKPQ. Empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and canagliflozin are all potent and selective inhibitors of H2O2-induced late-INa (half maximal inhibitory concentration = 0.79, 0.58, and 1.26 µM, respectively) with little effect on peak sodium current. In mouse cardiomyocytes, empagliflozin reduced the incidence of spontaneous calcium transients induced by the late-INa activator veratridine in a similar manner to tetrodotoxin, ranolazine, and lidocaine. The putative binding sites for empagliflozin within Nav1.5 were investigated by simulations of empagliflozin docking to a three-dimensional homology model of human Nav1.5 and point mutagenic approaches. Our results indicate that empagliflozin binds to Nav1.5 in the same region as local anesthetics and ranolazine. In an acute model of myocardial injury, perfusion of isolated mouse hearts with empagliflozin or tetrodotoxin prevented activation of the cardiac NLRP3 (nuclear-binding domain-like receptor 3) inflammasome and improved functional recovery after ischemia. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that late-INa may be an important molecular target in the heart for the SGLT2 inhibitors, contributing to their unexpected cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koenraad Philippaert
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.xs
- Department of Pharmacology (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Subha Kalyaanamoorthy
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.K., A.M.D., J.M.S., K.B.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.K., A.M.D., J.M.S., K.B.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mohammad Fatehi
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.xs
- Department of Pharmacology (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wentong Long
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.xs
- Department of Pharmacology (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shubham Soni
- Department of Pediatrics (S.S., N.J.B., Z.H.M., J.R.B.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nikole J. Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics (S.S., N.J.B., Z.H.M., J.R.B.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Amy Barr
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.xs
- Department of Pharmacology (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.xs
- Department of Pharmacology (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jordan Wong
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.xs
- Department of Pharmacology (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Taylor Palechuk
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.xs
- Department of Pharmacology (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Chloe Schneider
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.xs
- Department of Pharmacology (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ahmed M. Darwesh
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.K., A.M.D., J.M.S., K.B.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.K., A.M.D., J.M.S., K.B.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Zaid H. Maayah
- Department of Pediatrics (S.S., N.J.B., Z.H.M., J.R.B.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - John M. Seubert
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.xs
- Department of Pharmacology (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.K., A.M.D., J.M.S., K.B.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.K., A.M.D., J.M.S., K.B.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.K., A.M.D., J.M.S., K.B.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.K., A.M.D., J.M.S., K.B.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology (K.B.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason R.B. Dyck
- Department of Pediatrics (S.S., N.J.B., Z.H.M., J.R.B.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Peter E. Light
- Alberta Diabetes Institute (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.xs
- Department of Pharmacology (K.P., M.F., W.L., A.B., J.S., J.W., T.P., C.S., J.M.S., P.E.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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17
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Mitochondrial abnormalities: a hub in metabolic syndrome-related cardiac dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1387-1394. [PMID: 33950478 PMCID: PMC9197868 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a group of cardiovascular risk elements comprising insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, increased glucose intolerance, and increased blood pressure. Individually, all the MetS components can lead to cardiac dysfunction, while their combination generates additional risks of morbidity and mortality. Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress, a dominant event in cellular damage and impairment, plays an indispensable role in cardiac dysfunction in MetS. Oxidative stress can not only disrupt mitochondrial activity through inducing oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA, RNA, lipids, and proteins but can also impair cardiomyocyte contractile function via mitochondria-related oxidative modifications of proteins central to excitation-contraction coupling. Furthermore, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation can lead to the activation of several mitochondria apoptotic signaling pathways, release of cytochrome c, and eventual induction of myocardial apoptosis. This review will focus on such processes of mitochondrial abnormalities in oxidative stress induced cardiac dysfunction in MetS.
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18
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Segovia-Roldan M, Diez ER, Pueyo E. Melatonin to Rescue the Aged Heart: Antiarrhythmic and Antioxidant Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8876792. [PMID: 33791076 PMCID: PMC7984894 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8876792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging comes with gradual loss of functions that increase the vulnerability to disease, senescence, and death. The mechanisms underlying these processes are linked to a prolonged imbalance between damage and repair. Damaging mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronodisruption, inflammation, and telomere attrition, as well as genetic and epigenetic alterations. Several endogenous tissue repairing mechanisms also decrease. These alterations associated with aging affect the entire organism. The most devastating manifestations involve the cardiovascular system and may lead to lethal cardiac arrhythmias. Together with structural remodeling, electrophysiological and intercellular communication alterations during aging predispose to arrhythmic events. Despite the knowledge on repairing mechanisms in the cardiovascular system, effective antiaging strategies able to reduce the risk of arrhythmias are still missing. Melatonin is a promising therapeutic candidate due to its pleiotropic actions. This indoleamine regulates chronobiology and endocrine physiology. Of relevance, melatonin is an antiaging, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antiarrhythmic, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative molecule. This review focuses on the protective effects of melatonin on age-induced cardiac functional and structural alterations, potentially becoming a new fountain of youth for the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Segovia-Roldan
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation (BSICoS), I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón and CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | | | - Esther Pueyo
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation (BSICoS), I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón and CIBER-BBN, Spain
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19
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Saadeh K, Fazmin IT. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Increases Arrhythmic Triggers and Substrates; Potential Anti-arrhythmic Pharmacological Targets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:646932. [PMID: 33659284 PMCID: PMC7917191 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.646932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of cardiac arrhythmias increases significantly with age. In order to effectively stratify arrhythmic risk in the aging population it is crucial to elucidate the relevant underlying molecular mechanisms. The changes underlying age-related electrophysiological disruption appear to be closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, the present review examines the mechanisms by which age-related mitochondrial dysfunction promotes arrhythmic triggers and substrate. Namely, via alterations in plasmalemmal ionic currents (both sodium and potassium), gap junctions, cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and cardiac fibrosis. Stratification of patients' mitochondrial function status permits application of appropriate anti-arrhythmic therapies. Here, we discuss novel potential anti-arrhythmic pharmacological interventions that specifically target upstream mitochondrial function and hence ameliorates the need for therapies targeting downstream changes which have constituted traditional antiarrhythmic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Saadeh
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Talal Fazmin
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Pérez-Hernández M, Leo-Macias A, Keegan S, Jouni M, Kim JC, Agullo-Pascual E, Vermij S, Zhang M, Liang FX, Burridge P, Fenyö D, Rothenberg E, Delmar M. Structural and Functional Characterization of a Na v1.5-Mitochondrial Couplon. Circ Res 2021; 128:419-432. [PMID: 33342222 PMCID: PMC7864872 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 has a fundamental role in excitability and conduction. Previous studies have shown that sodium channels cluster together in specific cellular subdomains. Their association with intracellular organelles in defined regions of the myocytes, and the functional consequences of that association, remain to be defined. OBJECTIVE To characterize a subcellular domain formed by sodium channel clusters in the crest region of the myocytes and the subjacent subsarcolemmal mitochondria. METHODS AND RESULTS Through a combination of imaging approaches including super-resolution microscopy and electron microscopy we identified, in adult cardiac myocytes, a NaV1.5 subpopulation in close proximity to subjacent subsarcolemmal mitochondria; we further found that subjacent subsarcolemmal mitochondria preferentially host the mitochondrial NCLX (Na+/Ca2+ exchanger). This anatomic proximity led us to investigate functional changes in mitochondria resulting from sodium channel activity. Upon TTX (tetrodotoxin) exposure, mitochondria near NaV1.5 channels accumulated more Ca2+ and showed increased reactive oxygen species production when compared with interfibrillar mitochondria. Finally, crosstalk between NaV1.5 channels and mitochondria was analyzed at a transcriptional level. We found that SCN5A (encoding NaV1.5) and SLC8B1 (which encode NaV1.5 and NCLX, respectively) are negatively correlated both in a human transcriptome data set (Genotype-Tissue Expression) and in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes deficient in SCN5A. CONCLUSIONS We describe an anatomic hub (a couplon) formed by sodium channel clusters and subjacent subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Preferential localization of NCLX to this domain allows for functional coupling where the extrusion of Ca2+ from the mitochondria is powered, at least in part, by the entry of sodium through NaV1.5 channels. These results provide a novel entry-point into a mechanistic understanding of the intersection between electrical and structural functions of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Leo-Macias
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Sarah Keegan
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology. NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Chicago, IL
| | - Joon-Chul Kim
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | | | - Sarah Vermij
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Microscopy laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies. NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Paul Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Chicago, IL
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology. NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology. NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
| | - Mario Delmar
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology NYU Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY
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21
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Ramaccini D, Montoya-Uribe V, Aan FJ, Modesti L, Potes Y, Wieckowski MR, Krga I, Glibetić M, Pinton P, Giorgi C, Matter ML. Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:624216. [PMID: 33511136 PMCID: PMC7835522 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.624216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue requires a persistent production of energy in order to exert its pumping function. Therefore, the maintenance of this function relies on mitochondria that represent the “powerhouse” of all cardiac activities. Mitochondria being one of the key players for the proper functioning of the mammalian heart suggests continual regulation and organization. Mitochondria adapt to cellular energy demands via fusion-fission events and, as a proof-reading ability, undergo mitophagy in cases of abnormalities. Ca2+ fluxes play a pivotal role in regulating all mitochondrial functions, including ATP production, metabolism, oxidative stress balance and apoptosis. Communication between mitochondria and others organelles, especially the sarcoplasmic reticulum is required for optimal function. Consequently, abnormal mitochondrial activity results in decreased energy production leading to pathological conditions. In this review, we will describe how mitochondrial function or dysfunction impacts cardiac activities and the development of dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ramaccini
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Femke J Aan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Lorenzo Modesti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Krga
- Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Glibetić
- Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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22
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Maietta V, Reyes-García J, Yadav VR, Zheng YM, Peng X, Wang YX. Cellular and Molecular Processes in Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:21-38. [PMID: 34019261 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive lung disease characterized by persistent pulmonary vasoconstriction. Another well-recognized characteristic of PH is the muscularization of peripheral pulmonary arteries. This pulmonary vasoremodeling manifests in medial hypertrophy/hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with possible neointimal formation. The underlying molecular processes for these two major vascular responses remain not fully understood. On the other hand, a series of very recent studies have shown that the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems to be an important player in mediating pulmonary vasoconstriction and vasoremodeling, thereby leading to PH. Mitochondria are a primary site for ROS production in pulmonary artery (PA) SMCs, which subsequently activate NADPH oxidase to induce further ROS generation, i.e., ROS-induced ROS generation. ROS control the activity of multiple ion channels to induce intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx (ROS-induced Ca2+ release and influx) to cause PH. ROS and Ca2+ signaling may synergistically trigger an inflammatory cascade to implicate in PH. Accordingly, this paper explores the important roles of ROS, Ca2+, and inflammatory signaling in the development of PH, including their reciprocal interactions, key molecules, and possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vic Maietta
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Reyes-García
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vishal R Yadav
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Xu Peng
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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23
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Wu Y, Zhao W, Ye F, Huang S, Chen H, Zhou R, Jiang W. Tetrandrine attenuates left ventricular dysfunction in rats with myocardial infarction. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:119. [PMID: 33335582 PMCID: PMC7739846 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether tetrandrine could attenuate left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=5/group) as follows: i) Healthy control group; ii) sham operation group; iii) myocardial infarction model group; iv) myocardial infarction + low-dose tetrandrine group (10 mg/kg); v) myocardial infarction + medium-dose tetrandrine group (50 mg/kg); and vi) myocardial infarction + high-dose tetrandrine group (80 mg/kg). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVIDs), ejection fraction (EF%) and left ventricular fractional shortening rate (FS%) were measured using ultrasonography. The pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Left ventricular tissue section TUNEL staining was also performed. Furthermore, the triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial blood were examined by biochemical testing. Expression levels of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis-related proteins including ryanodine receptor calmodulin, CaM-dependent protein kinase IIδ, protein kinase A, FK506 binding protein 12.6 were measured using western blot analysis. Ultrasonography results showed that in the myocardial infarction model rats, the levels of LVIDd and LVIDs were significantly higher; however, the levels of EF% and FS% were lower compared with those in the sham operation group, which was alleviated by tetrandrine. H&E results showed that tetrandrine alleviated the pathological characteristics of myocardial infarction model rats. Furthermore, tetrandrine significantly inhibited myocardial cell apoptosis in rats with myocardial infarction. Tetrandrine significantly inhibited the levels of TG, TC and LDL and increased the levels of HDL in the arterial blood of rats with myocardial infarction. These findings revealed that tetrandrine could attenuate left ventricular dysfunction in rats with myocardial infarction, which might be associated with intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Fanhao Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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24
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Tang S, Ye S, Ma Y, Liang Y, Liang N, Xiao F. Clusterin alleviates Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in L02 hepatocytes via inhibition of Ca 2+-ROS-Drp1-mitochondrial fission axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111326. [PMID: 32961495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is ubiquitous in the environment and is commonly used in various industrial processes. Clusterin (CLU) is an extracellular chaperone protein which exerts the anti-apoptotic function. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of CLU on Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. We revealed that the apoptosis rate of L02 hepatocytes treated with Cr (VI) was increased. CLU over-expression could protect the hepatocytes from Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Furthermore, Cr(VI) triggered the intracellular calcium overload, resulting in the activation of xanthine oxidase (XO). Cr(VI) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, led to dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) translocation to mitochondria and the subsequent mitochondrial fission, contributing to the caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis as evidenced by higher mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening rate, lower mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and more alanine transaminase (ALT)/aspartate transaminase (AST) leakage into the culture medium. However, CLU over-expression could trigger the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which was followed by the increase of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) expression. CLU-induced AMPK/SERCA2a activation attenuated calcium overload, caspase-3 activation, and ultimate mitochondrial apoptosis. All in all, the present study demonstrated that Cr(VI) induced hepatocytes apoptosis via Ca2+-ROS-Drp1-mitochondrial fission axis and CLU alleviated the mitochondrial apoptosis through activation of the AMPK/SERCA2a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Tang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - NingJuan Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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25
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Heinzel FR, Hegemann N, Hohendanner F, Primessnig U, Grune J, Blaschke F, de Boer RA, Pieske B, Schiattarella GG, Kuebler WM. Left ventricular dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction-molecular mechanisms and impact on right ventricular function. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:1541-1560. [PMID: 33224773 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current classification of heart failure (HF) based on left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) identifies a large group of patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with significant morbidity and mortality but without prognostic benefit from current HF therapy. Co-morbidities and conditions such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, adiposity and aging shape the clinical phenotype and contribute to mortality. LV diastolic dysfunction and LV structural remodeling are hallmarks of HFpEF, and are linked to remodeling of the cardiomyocyte and extracellular matrix. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) are particularly common in HFpEF, and mortality is up to 10-fold higher in HFpEF patients with vs. without RV dysfunction. Here, we review alterations in cardiomyocyte function (i.e., ion homeostasis, sarcomere function and cellular metabolism) associated with diastolic dysfunction and summarize the main underlying cellular pathways. The contribution and interaction of systemic and regional upstream signaling such as chronic inflammation, neurohumoral activation, and NO-cGMP-related pathways are outlined in detail, and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential is discussed in the context of preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, we summarize prevalence and pathomechanisms of RV dysfunction in the context of HFpEF and discuss mechanisms connecting LV and RV dysfunction in HFpEF. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms of LV and RV dysfunction in HFpEF may provide a basis for an improved classification of HFpEF and for therapeutic approaches tailored to the molecular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Heinzel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Hegemann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Hohendanner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Primessnig
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Blaschke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Dashwood A, Cheesman E, Beard N, Haqqani H, Wong YW, Molenaar P. Understanding How Phosphorylation and Redox Modifications Regulate Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor Type 2 Activity to Produce an Arrhythmogenic Phenotype in Advanced Heart Failure. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:563-582. [PMID: 32832863 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global pandemic with significant mortality and morbidity. Despite current medications, 50% of individuals die within 5 years of diagnosis. Of these deaths, 30-50% will be a result of sudden cardiac death from ventricular arrhythmias. This review discusses two stress-induced mechanisms, phosphorylation from chronic β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) stimulation and thiol modifications from oxidative stress, and how they modulate the cardiac ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) and foster an arrhythmogenic phenotype. Calcium (Ca2+) is the ubiquitous secondary messenger of excitation-contraction coupling and provides a common pathway for contractile dysfunction and arrhythmia genesis. In a healthy heart, Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by RyR2. The open probability of RyR2 is under the dynamic influence of co-proteins, ions, and kinases that are in strict balance to ensure normal physiological functioning. In HF, chronic β-AR activity and production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species provide two stress-induced mechanisms uncoupling RyR2 control, resulting in pathological diastolic SR Ca2+ leak. This increased cytosolic [Ca2+] promotes Ca2+ extrusion via the local Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, resulting in net sarcolemmal depolarization, delayed after depolarization and ventricular arrhythmia. Experimental models researching oxidative stress and phosphorylation have aimed to identify how post-translational modifications to the RyR2 macromolecular complex, and the associated Na+/Ca2+ cycling proteins, result in pathological Ca2+ handling and diastolic leak. However, the causative molecular changes remain controversial and undefined. Through understanding the molecular mechanisms that produce an arrhythmic phenotype, novel therapeutic targets to treat HF and prevent its malignant course can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dashwood
- Heart Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Cheesman
- Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Nicole Beard
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.,Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
| | - Haris Haqqani
- Heart Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Yee Weng Wong
- Heart Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Peter Molenaar
- Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
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27
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Weise-Cross L, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Redox Regulation of Ion Channels and Receptors in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:898-915. [PMID: 30569735 PMCID: PMC7061297 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by elevated vascular resistance due to vasoconstriction and remodeling of the normally low-pressure pulmonary vasculature. Redox stress contributes to the pathophysiology of this disease by altering the regulation and activity of membrane receptors, K+ channels, and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Recent Advances: Antioxidant therapies have had limited success in treating PH, leading to a growing appreciation that reductive stress, in addition to oxidative stress, plays a role in metabolic and cell signaling dysfunction in pulmonary vascular cells. Reactive oxygen species generation from mitochondria and NADPH oxidases has substantial effects on K+ conductance and membrane potential, and both receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ entry. Critical Issues: Some specific redox changes resulting from oxidation, S-nitrosylation, and S-glutathionylation are known to modulate membrane receptor and ion channel activity in PH. However, many sites of regulation that have been elucidated in nonpulmonary cell types have not been tested in the pulmonary vasculature, and context-specific molecular mechanisms are lacking. Future Directions: Here, we review what is known about redox regulation of membrane receptors and ion channels in PH. Further investigation of the mechanisms involved is needed to better understand the etiology of PH and develop better targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C. Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L. Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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28
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Souza DSD, Menezes-Filho JERD, Santos-Miranda A, Jesus ICGD, Silva Neto JA, Guatimosim S, Cruz JS, Vasconcelos CMLD. Calcium overload-induced arrhythmia is suppressed by farnesol in rat heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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29
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Del Canto I, Santamaría L, Genovés P, Such-Miquel L, Arias-Mutis O, Zarzoso M, Soler C, Parra G, Tormos Á, Alberola A, Such L, Chorro FJ. Effects of the Inhibition of Late Sodium Current by GS967 on Stretch-Induced Changes in Cardiac Electrophysiology. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2019; 32:413-425. [PMID: 30173392 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-018-6822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanical stretch increases sodium and calcium entry into myocytes and activates the late sodium current. GS967, a triazolopyridine derivative, is a sodium channel blocker with preferential effects on the late sodium current. The present study evaluates whether GS967 inhibits or modulates the arrhythmogenic electrophysiological effects of myocardial stretch. METHODS Atrial and ventricular refractoriness and ventricular fibrillation modifications induced by acute stretch were studied in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts (n = 28) using epicardial multiple electrodes and high-resolution mapping techniques under control conditions and during the perfusion of GS967 at different concentrations (0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 μM). RESULTS On comparing ventricular refractoriness, conduction velocity and wavelength obtained before stretch had no significant changes under each GS967 concentration while atrial refractoriness increased under GS967 0.3 μM. Under GS967, the stretch-induced changes were attenuated, and no significant differences were observed between before and during stretch. GS967 0.3 μM diminished the normal stretch-induced changes resulting in longer (less shortened) atrial refractoriness (138 ± 26 ms vs 95 ± 9 ms; p < 0.01), ventricular refractoriness (155 ± 18 ms vs 124 ± 16 ms; p < 0.01) and increments in spectral concentration (23 ± 5% vs 17 ± 2%; p < 0.01), the fifth percentile of ventricular activation intervals (46 ± 8 ms vs 31 ± 3 ms; p < 0.05), and wavelength of ventricular fibrillation (2.5 ±0.5 cm vs 1.7 ± 0.3 cm; p < 0.05) during stretch. The stretch-induced increments in dominant frequency during ventricular fibrillation (control = 38%, 0.03 μM = 33%, 0.1 μM = 33%, 0.3 μM = 14%; p < 0.01) and the stretch-induced increments in arrhythmia complexity index (control = 62%, 0.03μM = 41%, 0.1 μM = 32%, 0.3 μM = 16%; p < 0.05) progressively decreased on increasing the GS967 concentration. CONCLUSIONS GS967 attenuates stretch-induced changes in cardiac electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Del Canto
- CIBER CV. Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Electronics, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Santamaría
- Department of Physiology, Valencia University - Estudi General, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Luis Such-Miquel
- CIBER CV. Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiotherapy, Valencia University - Estudi General, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Zarzoso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Valencia University - Estudi General, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Soler
- Department of Physiology, Valencia University - Estudi General, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Parra
- Department of Physiology, Valencia University - Estudi General, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Tormos
- CIBER CV. Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Electronics, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Alberola
- CIBER CV. Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Valencia University - Estudi General, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Such
- CIBER CV. Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Valencia University - Estudi General, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Chorro
- CIBER CV. Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain. .,Service of Cardiology, Valencia University Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, Valencia University - Estudi General, Valencia, Spain. .,Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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30
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Abstract
Electromechanical coupling studies have described the intervention of nitric oxide and S-nitrosylation processes in Ca2+ release induced by stretch, with heterogeneous findings. On the other hand, ion channel function activated by stretch is influenced by nitric oxide, and concentration-dependent biphasic effects upon several cellular functions have been described. The present study uses isolated and perfused rabbit hearts to investigate the changes in mechanoelectric feedback produced by two different concentrations of the nitric oxide carrier S-nitrosoglutathione. Epicardial multielectrodes were used to record myocardial activation at baseline and during and after left ventricular free wall stretch using an intraventricular device. Three experimental series were studied: (a) control (n = 10); (b) S-nitrosoglutathione 10 µM (n = 11); and (c) S-nitrosoglutathione 50 µM (n = 11). The changes in ventricular fibrillation (VF) pattern induced by stretch were analyzed and compared. S-nitrosoglutathione 10 µM did not modify VF at baseline, but attenuated acceleration of the arrhythmia (15.6 ± 1.7 vs. 21.3 ± 3.8 Hz; p < 0.0001) and reduction of percentile 5 of the activation intervals (42 ± 3 vs. 38 ± 4 ms; p < 0.05) induced by stretch. In contrast, at baseline using the 50 µM concentration, percentile 5 was shortened (38 ± 6 vs. 52 ± 10 ms; p < 0.005) and the complexity index increased (1.77 ± 0.18 vs. 1.27 ± 0.13; p < 0.0001). The greatest complexity indices (1.84 ± 0.17; p < 0.05) were obtained during stretch in this series. S-nitrosoglutathione 10 µM attenuates the effects of mechanoelectric feedback, while at a concentration of 50 µM the drug alters the baseline VF pattern and accentuates the increase in complexity of the arrhythmia induced by myocardial stretch.
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31
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de Almeida Chuffa LG, Seiva FRF, Cucielo MS, Silveira HS, Reiter RJ, Lupi LA. Mitochondrial functions and melatonin: a tour of the reproductive cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:837-863. [PMID: 30430198 PMCID: PMC11105419 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the reproductive organs have a strong association with mitochondrial defects, and a deeper understanding of the role of this organelle in preneoplastic-neoplastic changes is important to determine the appropriate therapeutic intervention. Mitochondria are involved in events during cancer development, including metabolic and oxidative status, acquisition of metastatic potential, resistance to chemotherapy, apoptosis, and others. Because of their origin from melatonin-producing bacteria, mitochondria are speculated to produce melatonin and its derivatives at high levels; in addition, exogenously administered melatonin accumulates in the mitochondria against a concentration gradient. Melatonin is transported into tumor cell by GLUT/SLC2A and/or by the PEPT1/2 transporters, and plays beneficial roles in mitochondrial homeostasis, such as influencing oxidative phosphorylation and electron flux, ATP synthesis, bioenergetics, calcium influx, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Moreover, melatonin promotes mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating nuclear DNA and mtDNA transcriptional activities. This review focuses on the main functions of melatonin on mitochondrial processes, and reviews from a mechanistic standpoint, how mitochondrial crosstalk evolved in ovarian, endometrial, cervical, breast, and prostate cancers relative to melatonin's known actions. We put emphasis on signaling pathways whereby melatonin interferes within cancer-cell mitochondria after its administration. Depending on subtype and intratumor metabolic heterogeneity, melatonin seems to be helpful in promoting apoptosis, anti-proliferation, pro-oxidation, metabolic shifting, inhibiting neovasculogenesis and controlling inflammation, and restoration of chemosensitivity. This results in attenuation of development, progression, and metastatic potential of reproductive cancers, in addition to lowering the risk of recurrence and improving the life quality of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo State University, P.O Box: 18618-689, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo State University, P.O Box: 18618-689, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Spaulonci Silveira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo State University, P.O Box: 18618-689, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UTHealth, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Luiz Antonio Lupi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo State University, P.O Box: 18618-689, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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32
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Chu Q, Zhang Y, Zhong S, Gao F, Chen Y, Wang B, Zhang Z, Cai W, Li W, Zheng F, Shi G. N-n-Butyl Haloperidol Iodide Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Mitochondria Induced by Hypoxia/Reoxygenation through the Mitochondrial c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase/Sab/Src/Reactive Oxygen Species Pathway in H9c2 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7417561. [PMID: 31205589 PMCID: PMC6530120 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7417561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Both c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our previous studies suggest that N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide (F2) exerts cardioprotection by reducing ROS production and JNK activation caused by I/R. In this study, we hypothesized that there is a JNK/Sab/Src/ROS pathway in the mitochondria in H9c2 cells following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) that induces oxidative stress in the mitochondria and that F2 exerts mitochondrial protective effects during H/R injury by modulating this pathway. The results showed that H/R induced higher-level ROS in the cytoplasm on the one hand and JNK activation and translocation to the mitochondria by colocalization with Sab on the other. Moreover, H/R resulted in mitochondrial Src dephosphorylation, and subsequently, oxidative stress evidenced by the increase in ROS generation and oxidized cardiolipin in the mitochondrial membranes and by the decrease in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity and membrane potential. Furthermore, treatment with a JNK inhibitor or Sab small interfering RNA inhibited the mitochondrial translocation of p-JNK, decreased colocalization of p-JNK and Sab on the mitochondria, and reduced Src dephosphorylation and mitochondrial oxidative stress during H/R. In addition, Src dephosphorylation by inhibitor PP2 increased mitochondrial ROS production. F2, like inhibitors of the JNK/Sab/Src/ROS pathway, downregulated the H/R-induced mitochondrial translocation of p-JNK and the colocalization of p-JNK and Sab on the mitochondria, increased Src phosphorylation, and alleviated the above-mentioned mitochondrial oxidative stress. In conclusion, F2 could ameliorate H/R-associated oxidative stress in mitochondria in H9c2 cells through the mitochondrial JNK/Sab/Src/ROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Fenfei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhaojing Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Weiqiu Li
- Analytical Cytology Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Fuchun Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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33
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Masheta DQ, Al-Azzawi SK. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Delphinidin on Glial Cells and Lack of Effect on Secretase Enzyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/454/1/012061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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Klos M, Morgenstern S, Hicks K, Suresh S, Devaney EJ. The effects of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on isolated rat ventricular myocyte excitation-contraction coupling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 662:143-150. [PMID: 30543786 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
β-hydroxybutyrate is the primary ketone body produced by the body during ketosis and is used to meet its metabolic demands. The healthy adult heart derives most of its energy from fatty acid oxidation. However, in certain diseases, the heart alters its substrate preference and increases its ketone body metabolism. Little is known about the effects of βOHB on ventricular myocyte excitation-contraction coupling. Therefore, we examined the effects of ketone body metabolism on single cell excitation-contraction coupling during normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Myocytes were isolated from adult rats, cultured for 18 h in RPMI 1640, RPMI 1640 no glucose, and M199, HEPES with/without various amount of βOHB added. To simulate hypoxia, myocytes were incubated at 1%O2, 5% CO2 for 1 h followed by incubation at atmospheric oxygen (21%O2,5% CO2) for 30 min before recordings. Recordings were obtained using an IonOptix system at 36±1ᵒ C. Myocytes were paced at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Hz. We found that exposure to βOHB had no effect on excitation-contraction coupling. However, culturing cells with βOHB results in a significant increase in both contraction and calcium in RPMI 1640 media. Dose response experiments demonstrated 0.5 mM βOHB is enough to increase myocyte contraction in the absence of glucose. However, βOHB has no measurable effects on myocytes cultured in a nutrient rich media, M199, HEPES. Therefore, βOHB improves single cell excitation-contraction coupling, is protective against hypoxia, and may be a beneficial adaptation for the heart during periods of nutrient scarcity and or metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Klos
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, UH Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sherry Morgenstern
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, UH Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kayla Hicks
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Shreyas Suresh
- Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Eric J Devaney
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, UH Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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35
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Johnson DM, Antoons G. Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms in Heart Failure: Linking β-Adrenergic Stimulation, Stretch, and Calcium. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1453. [PMID: 30374311 PMCID: PMC6196916 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated with elevated sympathetic tone and mechanical load. Both systems activate signaling transduction pathways that increase cardiac output, but eventually become part of the disease process itself leading to further worsening of cardiac function. These alterations can adversely contribute to electrical instability, at least in part due to the modulation of Ca2+ handling at the level of the single cardiac myocyte. The major aim of this review is to provide a definitive overview of the links and cross talk between β-adrenergic stimulation, mechanical load, and arrhythmogenesis in the setting of HF. We will initially review the role of Ca2+ in the induction of both early and delayed afterdepolarizations, the role that β-adrenergic stimulation plays in the initiation of these and how the propensity for these may be altered in HF. We will then go onto reviewing the current data with regards to the link between mechanical load and afterdepolarizations, the associated mechano-sensitivity of the ryanodine receptor and other stretch activated channels that may be associated with HF-associated arrhythmias. Furthermore, we will discuss how alterations in local Ca2+ microdomains during the remodeling process associated the HF may contribute to the increased disposition for β-adrenergic or stretch induced arrhythmogenic triggers. Finally, the potential mechanisms linking β-adrenergic stimulation and mechanical stretch will be clarified, with the aim of finding common modalities of arrhythmogenesis that could be targeted by novel therapeutic agents in the setting of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Johnson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Antoons
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Gao M, Du Y, Xie JW, Xue J, Wang YT, Qin L, Ma MM, Tang YB, Li XY. Redox signal-mediated TRPM2 promotes Ang II-induced adipocyte insulin resistance via Ca 2+-dependent CaMKII/JNK cascade. Metabolism 2018; 85:313-324. [PMID: 29775644 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Redox-sensitive transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+-permeable, nonselective cation channel which plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. However, little is known whether TRPM2 is involved in adipocyte dysfunction during hypertension. In the present study, we determined the role of TRPM2 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Ang II-induced adipocyte insulin resistant model was conducted. Data from Ang II-induced hypertensive mice were used to measure the effects of TRPM2 inhibitor on insulin resistance in vivo. Whole-cell patch clamp technique, intracellular Ca2+ concentration measurement, glucose uptake assay, western blot, cDNA and siRNA transfection were employed to investigate the TRPM2/Ca2+/CaMKII/JNK signaling. RESULTS Ang II rose a cation current similar to that activated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or ADP-ribose (ADPR), which was blocked by TRPM2 inhibitor or TRPM2 siRNA in adipocytes. Knockdown of TRPM2 significantly improved the lowered insulin sensitivity induced by Ang II, including insulin stimulated glucose uptake, phosphorylation of IRS1 and Akt, interaction between IR and IRS1 and the membrane translocation of GLUT4, whereas overexpression of TRPM2 resulted in the opposite effects. These results were related to the potentiated effects of TRPM2 on Ca2+ influx and CaMKII/JNK cascade activation upon Ang II-induced challenge. Notably, the pharmacological TRPM2 inhibitor, N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), was proved to improve insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue during Ang II-induced hypertension progress. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that TRPM2 is a positive regulator of Ang II-induced adipocyte insulin resistance via Ca2+/CaMKII/JNK-dependent signaling pathway. Targeting TRPM2 may be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat hypertension-associated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Yu Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jing-Wen Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong-Bo Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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Ciocci Pardo A, Scuri S, González Arbeláez LF, Caldiz C, Fantinelli J, Mosca SM. Survival kinase-dependent pathways contribute to gender difference in the response to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and ischemic post-conditioning. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 33:19-26. [PMID: 29414428 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to ischemia/reperfusion and the effects of ischemic post-conditioning (IPC) are sex-dependent, but the mechanisms have not been clarified. Male (M) and female (F) rat hearts isolated and perfused using the Langendorff technique were subject to 30 min of global ischemia (GI) and 60 min reperfusion (R). In IPC hearts, three cycles of 30-sec GI/30-sec R were applied at the beginning of R. Infarct size and myocardial function were assessed. Superoxide production, antioxidant systems, and expressions of phosphorylated forms of serine/threonine kinase (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), protein kinase C ε (PKCε), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and apoptosis were measured. In the basal state, superoxide production and apoptosis were lower, and antioxidant systems and phospho-kinase expressions were higher in F rather than in M hearts. After ischemia-reperfusion, infarct size was less in F hearts, and post-ischemic recovery of myocardial function was higher in F rather than in M hearts. Superoxide production, phospho-kinase activity, phospho-eNOS, and apoptosis increased in both sexes while antioxidants decreased in both sexes. After IPC, infarct size, superoxide production, and apoptosis decreased and phospho-eNOS increased in F and M hearts but phospho-kinase expressions and post-ischemic recovery of myocardial function improved only in M hearts. These results show that Akt/GSK-3β/PKCε/eNOS-dependent pathways-mediated superoxide production and apoptosis appear as important factors involved in the observed gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ciocci Pardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares ¨Dr Horacio E. Cingolani¨, CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio Scuri
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares ¨Dr Horacio E. Cingolani¨, CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Luisa F González Arbeláez
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares ¨Dr Horacio E. Cingolani¨, CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudia Caldiz
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares ¨Dr Horacio E. Cingolani¨, CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juliana Fantinelli
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares ¨Dr Horacio E. Cingolani¨, CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Susana M Mosca
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares ¨Dr Horacio E. Cingolani¨, CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
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Andreadou I, Efentakis P, Balafas E, Togliatto G, Davos CH, Varela A, Dimitriou CA, Nikolaou PE, Maratou E, Lambadiari V, Ikonomidis I, Kostomitsopoulos N, Brizzi MF, Dimitriadis G, Iliodromitis EK. Empagliflozin Limits Myocardial Infarction in Vivo and Cell Death in Vitro: Role of STAT3, Mitochondria, and Redox Aspects. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1077. [PMID: 29311992 PMCID: PMC5742117 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Empagliflozin (EMPA), a drug approved for type 2 diabetes management, reduced cardiovascular death but is unknown if it reduces myocardial infarction. We sought to investigate: (i) the effect of EMPA on myocardial function and infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion in mice fed with western diet (WD), (ii) the underlying signaling pathways, (iii) its effects on cell survival in rat embryonic-heart-derived cardiomyoblasts (H9C2) and endothelial cells (ECs). To facilitate the aforementioned aims, mice were initially randomized in Control and EMPA groups and were subjected to 30 min ischemia and 2 h reperfusion. EMPA reduced body weight, blood glucose levels, and mean arterial pressure. Cholesterol, triglyceride, and AGEs remained unchanged. Left ventricular fractional shortening was improved (43.97 ± 0.92 vs. 40.75 ± 0.61%) and infarct size reduced (33.2 ± 0.01 vs. 17.6 ± 0.02%). In a second series of experiments, mice were subjected to the above interventions up to the 10th min of reperfusion and myocardial biopsies were obtained for assessment of the signaling cascade. STAT3 was increased in parallel with reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced expression of myocardial iNOS and interleukin-6. Cell viability and ATP content were increased in H9C2 and in ECs. While, STAT3 phosphorylation is known to bestow infarct sparing properties through interaction with mitochondria, we observed that EMPA did not directly alter the mitochondrial calcium retention capacity (CRC); therefore, its effect in reducing myocardial infarction is STAT3 dependent. In conclusion, EMPA improves myocardial function and reduces infarct size as well as improves redox regulation by decreasing iNOS expression and subsequently lipid peroxidation as shown by its surrogate marker MDA. The mechanisms of action implicate the activation of STAT3 anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Balafas
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation, Centre of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Dimitriou
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota-Efstathia Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Maratou
- Hellenic National Center for Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- 2nd University Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation, Centre of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria F Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - George Dimitriadis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- 2nd University Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Yang Z, Kirton HM, Al-Owais M, Thireau J, Richard S, Peers C, Steele DS. Epac2-Rap1 Signaling Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Susceptibility to Cardiac Arrhythmias. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:117-132. [PMID: 27649969 PMCID: PMC5510674 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In the heart, β1-adrenergic signaling involves cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) acting via both protein kinase-A (PKA) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac): a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rap1. Inhibition of Epac-Rap1 signaling has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for both cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, previous work suggests that impaired Rap1 signaling may have detrimental effects on cardiac function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of Epac2-Rap1 signaling on the heart using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. RESULTS Inhibition of Epac2 signaling induced early afterdepolarization arrhythmias in ventricular myocytes. The underlying mechanism involved an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of the late sodium current (INalate). Arrhythmias were blocked by inhibition of INalate or the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, mitoTEMPO. In vivo, inhibition of Epac2 caused ventricular tachycardia, torsades de pointes, and sudden death. The in vitro and in vivo effects of Epac2 inhibition were mimicked by inhibition of geranylgeranyltransferase-1, which blocks interaction of Rap1 with downstream targets. INNOVATION Our findings show for the first time that Rap1 acts as a negative regulator of mitochondrial ROS production in the heart and that impaired Epac2-Rap1 signaling causes arrhythmias due to ROS-dependent activation of INalate. This has implications for the use of chemotherapeutics that target Epac2-Rap1 signaling. However, selective inhibition of INalate provides a promising strategy to prevent arrhythmias caused by impaired Epac2-Rap1 signaling. CONCLUSION Epac2-Rap1 signaling attenuates mitochondrial ROS production and reduces myocardial arrhythmia susceptibility. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 117-132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokang Yang
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. Kirton
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Moza Al-Owais
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Thireau
- PHYMEDEXP, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale, Cœur et Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Richard
- PHYMEDEXP, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale, Cœur et Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chris Peers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Derek S. Steele
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Ingoglia G, Sag CM, Rex N, De Franceschi L, Vinchi F, Cimino J, Petrillo S, Wagner S, Kreitmeier K, Silengo L, Altruda F, Maier LS, Hirsch E, Ghigo A, Tolosano E. Hemopexin counteracts systolic dysfunction induced by heme-driven oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:452-464. [PMID: 28400318 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients affected by different disorders associated to intravascular hemolysis. The leading factor is the presence of pathologic amount of pro-oxidant free heme in the bloodstream, due to the exhaustion of the natural heme scavenger Hemopexin (Hx). Here, we evaluated whether free heme directly affects cardiac function, and tested the therapeutic potential of replenishing serum Hx for increasing serum heme buffering capacity. The effect of heme on cardiac function was assessed in vitro, on primary cardiomyocytes and H9c2 myoblast cell line, and in vivo, in Hx-/- mice and in genetic and acquired mouse models of intravascular hemolysis. Purified Hx or anti-oxidants N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and α-tocopherol were used to counteract heme cardiotoxicity. In mice, Hx loss/depletion resulted in heme accumulation and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the heart, which ultimately led to severe systolic dysfunction. Similarly, high ROS reduced systolic Ca2+ transient amplitudes and fractional shortening in primary cardiomyocytes exposed to free heme. In keeping with these Ca2+ handling alterations, oxidation and CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of Ryanodine Receptor 2 were higher in Hx-/- hearts than in controls. Administration of anti-oxidants prevented systolic failure both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, Hx rescued contraction defects of heme-treated cardiomyocytes and preserved cardiac function in hemolytic mice. We show that heme-mediated oxidative stress perturbs cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis and promotes contractile dysfunction. Scavenging heme, Hx counteracts cardiac heme toxicity and preserves left ventricular function. Our data generate the rationale to consider the therapeutic use of Hx to limit the cardiotoxicity of free heme in hemolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Ingoglia
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Can Martin Sag
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Rex
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Dept. Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona-Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Vinchi
- Heidelberg University Hospital / EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James Cimino
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreitmeier
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Silengo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lars S Maier
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Oxidative Stress-Induced Afterdepolarizations and Protein Kinase C Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040688. [PMID: 28358314 PMCID: PMC5412274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress has been demonstrated to induce afterdepolarizations and triggered activities in isolated myocytes, but the underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. We aimed to explore whether protein kinase C (PKC) activation plays an important role in oxidative stress-induced afterdepolarizations. Methods: Action potentials and ion currents of isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes were recorded using the patch clamp technique. H2O2 (1 mM) was perfused to induce oxidative stress and the specific classical PKC inhibitor, Gö 6983 (1 μM), was applied to test the involvement of PKC. Results: H2O2 perfusion prolonged the action potential duration and induced afterdepolarizations. Pretreatment with Gö 6983 prevented the emergence of H2O2-induced afterdepolarizations. Additional application of Gö 6983 with H2O2 effectively suppressed H2O2-induced afterdepolarizations. H2O2 increased the late sodium current (INa,L) (n = 7, p < 0.01) and the L-type calcium current (ICa,L) (n = 5, p < 0.01), which were significantly reversed by Gö 6983 (p < 0.01). H2O2 also increased the transient outward potassium current (Ito) (n = 6, p < 0.05). However, Gö 6983 showed little effect on H2O2-induced enhancement of Ito. Conclusions: H2O2 induced afterdepolarizations via the activation of PKC and the enhancement of ICa,L and INa,L. These results provide evidence of a link between oxidative stress, PKC activation and afterdepolarizations.
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Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocapsules Prevent Cardiotoxicity of Anti-Trypanosomal Lychnopholide. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44998. [PMID: 28349937 PMCID: PMC5368638 DOI: 10.1038/srep44998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. New antitrypanosomal options are desirable to prevent complications, including a high rate of cardiomyopathy. Recently, a natural substance, lychnopholide, has shown therapeutic potential, especially when encapsulated in biodegradable polymeric nanocapsules. However, little is known regarding possible adverse effects of lychnopholide. Here we show that repeated-dose intravenous administration of free lychnopholide (2.0 mg/kg/day) for 20 days caused cardiopathy and mortality in healthy C57BL/6 mice. Echocardiography revealed concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with preserved ejection fraction, diastolic dysfunction and chamber dilatation at end-stage. Single cardiomyocytes presented altered contractility and Ca2+ handling, with spontaneous Ca2+ waves in diastole. Acute in vitro lychnopholide application on cardiomyocytes from healthy mice also induced Ca2+ handling alterations with abnormal RyR2-mediated diastolic Ca2+ release. Strikingly, the encapsulation of lychnopholide prevented the cardiac alterations induced in vivo by the free form repeated doses. Nanocapsules alone had no adverse cardiac effects. Altogether, our data establish lychnopholide presented in nanocapsule form more firmly as a promising new drug candidate to cure Chagas disease with minimal cardiotoxicity. Our study also highlights the potential of nanotechnology not only to improve the efficacy of a drug but also to protect against its adverse effects.
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Bartolini D, Sancineto L, Fabro de Bem A, Tew KD, Santi C, Radi R, Toquato P, Galli F. Selenocompounds in Cancer Therapy: An Overview. Adv Cancer Res 2017; 136:259-302. [PMID: 29054421 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo experimental models clearly demonstrate the efficacy of Se compounds as anticancer agents, contingent upon chemical structures and concentrations of test molecules, as well as on the experimental model under investigation that together influence cellular availability of compounds, their molecular dynamics and mechanism of action. The latter includes direct and indirect redox effects on cellular targets by the activation and altered compartmentalization of molecular oxygen, and the interaction with protein thiols and Se proteins. As such, Se compounds interfere with the redox homeostasis and signaling of cancer cells to produce anticancer effects that include alterations in key regulatory elements of energy metabolism and cell cycle checkpoints that ultimately influence differentiation, proliferation, senescence, and death pathways. Cys-containing proteins and Se proteins involved in the response to Se compounds as sensors and transducers of anticancer signals, i.e., the pharmacoproteome of Se compounds, are described and include critical elements in the different phases of cancer onset and progression from initiation and escape of immune surveillance to tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The efficacy and mode of action on these compounds vary depending on the inorganic and organic form of Se used as either supplement or pharmacological agent. In this regard, differences in experimental/clinical protocols provide options for either chemoprevention or therapy in different human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Center of Biological Sciences (CCB), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | - Rafael Radi
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Cross-talk between lipid and protein carbonylation in a dynamic cardiomyocyte model of mild nitroxidative stress. Redox Biol 2016; 11:438-455. [PMID: 28086193 PMCID: PMC5226815 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) play an important role in the regulation of cardiac function. Increase in ROS/RNS concentration results in lipid and protein oxidation and is often associated with onset and/or progression of many cardiovascular disorders. However, interplay between lipid and protein modifications has not been simultaneously studied in detail so far. Biomolecule carbonylation is one of the most common biomarkers of oxidative stress. Using a dynamic model of nitroxidative stress we demonstrated rapid changes in biomolecule carbonylation in rat cardiomyocytes. Levels of carbonylated species increased as early as 15min upon treatment with the peroxynitrite donor, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), and decreased to values close to control after 16h. Total (lipids+proteins) vs. protein-specific carbonylation showed different dynamics, with a significant increase in protein-bound carbonyls at later time points. Treatment with SIN-1 in combination with inhibitors of proteasomal and autophagy/lysosomal degradation pathways allowed confirmation of a significant role of the proteasome in the degradation of carbonylated proteins, whereas lipid carbonylation increased in the presence of autophagy/lysosomal inhibitors. Electrophilic aldehydes and ketones formed by lipid peroxidation were identified and relatively quantified using LC-MS/MS. Molecular identity of reactive species was used for data-driven analysis of their protein targets. Combination of different enrichment strategies with LC-MS/MS analysis allowed identification of more than 167 unique proteins with 332 sites modified by electrophilic lipid peroxidation products. Gene ontology analysis of modified proteins demonstrated enrichment of several functional categories including proteins involved in cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, ion channels and their regulation. Using calcium mobilization assays, the effect of nitroxidative stress on the activity of several ion channels was further confirmed.
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Xie Y, Gu ZJ, Wu MX, Huang TC, Ou JS, Ni HS, Lin MH, Yuan WL, Wang JF, Chen YX. Disruption of calcium homeostasis by cardiac-specific over-expression of PPAR-γ in mice: A role in ventricular arrhythmia. Life Sci 2016; 167:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reis JF, Monteiro VVS, de Souza Gomes R, do Carmo MM, da Costa GV, Ribera PC, Monteiro MC. Action mechanism and cardiovascular effect of anthocyanins: a systematic review of animal and human studies. J Transl Med 2016; 14:315. [PMID: 27846846 PMCID: PMC5111351 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are an important cause of death worldwide. Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoids found in berries, flowers, fruits and leaves. In epidemiological and clinical studies, these polyphenols have been associated with improved cardiovascular risk profiles as well as decreased comorbidities. Human intervention studies using berries, vegetables, parts of plants and cereals (either fresh or as juice) or purified anthocyanin-rich extracts have demonstrated significant improvements in low density lipoproteins oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity, and dyslipidemia as well as reduced levels of CVD molecular biomarkers. This review discusses the use of anthocyanins in animal models and their applications in human medicine, as dietary supplements or as new potent drugs against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordano Ferreira Reis
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaelli de Souza Gomes
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Moraes do Carmo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Glauber Vilhena da Costa
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Paula Cardoso Ribera
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
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Taylor-Clark TE. Role of reactive oxygen species and TRP channels in the cough reflex. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:155-62. [PMID: 27016063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cough reflex is evoked by noxious stimuli in the airways. Although this reflex is essential for health, it can be triggered chronically in inflammatory and infectious airway disease. Neuronal transient receptor potential (TRP) channels such as ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) are polymodal receptors expressed on airway nociceptive afferent nerves. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other reactive compounds are associated with inflammation, from either NADPH oxidase or mitochondria. These reactive compounds cause activation and hyperexcitability of nociceptive afferents innervating the airways, and evidence suggests key contributions of TRPA1 and TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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On the study of the role of NO-mediated pathways in the myocardial response to acute stretch. Nitric Oxide 2016; 53:1-3. [PMID: 26691329 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mathieu S, El Khoury N, Rivard K, Gélinas R, Goyette P, Paradis P, Nemer M, Fiset C. Reduction in Na(+) current by angiotensin II is mediated by PKCα in mouse and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Heart Rhythm 2016; 13:1346-54. [PMID: 26921763 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac deaths are among the leading causes of mortality in patients with heart failure, and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Chronic elevation of angiotensin II (ANGII) is known to be one of the main contributors to heart failure. OBJECTIVE We tested whether ANGII can alter ventricular conduction and Na(+) current using transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of ANGII type 1 receptor (AT1R). METHODS We used surface electrocardiograms along with current- and voltage-clamp techniques to characterize the electrophysiological properties of AT1R mice while the underlying regulatory mechanisms were explored using reverse transcription/quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blots, and immunofluorescence techniques. RESULTS Electrophysiological data indicated that chronic AT1R activation in ventricular myocytes caused a 60% reduction in Na(+) current density that slowed the maximal velocity of the action potential upstroke, leading to a prolongation of the QRS complex. These changes occur independently of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting a direct role for ANGII/AT1R in slowing ventricular conduction. Western blots demonstrated a selective increase in sarcolemmal protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in AT1R mice, indicating PKCα activation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis showed reorganization of PKCα expression to sarcolemma and colocalization with NaV1.5 in AT1R myocytes. The involvement of PKCα in regulating Na(+) current was subsequently demonstrated in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes where ANGII treatment reduced Na(+) current density. Concomitant treatment with αV5-3, a PKCα translocation inhibitor peptide, blocked the ANGII effect. CONCLUSION Overall, this study suggests that in mouse and human cardiomyocytes, PKCα is an important mediator of the ANGII-induced reduction in Na(+) current and may contribute to ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mathieu
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nabil El Khoury
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katy Rivard
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roselle Gélinas
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mona Nemer
- Ottawa University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Céline Fiset
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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