1
|
Bjedov S, Stegnjaić G, Stanisavljević S, Lazarević M, Pilipović I, Sakač M, Miljković Đ. Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Novel Bile Acid Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7136. [PMID: 39000243 PMCID: PMC11241333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the search for novel potent immunomodulatory nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators, a derivative of cholic bile acid, SB140, was synthesized. The synthesis of SB140 aimed to increase the electrophilic functionality of the compound, enhancing its ability to activate Nrf2. Effects of SB140 on microglial cells, myeloid-derived cells (MDC), and T cells were explored in the context of (central nervous system) CNS autoimmunity. SB140 potently activated Nrf2 signaling in MDC and microglia. It was efficient in reducing the ability of microglial cells to produce inflammatory nitric oxide, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Also, SB140 reduced the proliferation of encephalitogenic T cells and the production of their effector cytokines: IL-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ. On the contrary, the effects of SB140 on anti-inflammatory IL-10 production in microglial and encephalitogenic T cells were limited or absent. These results show that SB140 is a potent Nrf2 activator, as well as an immunomodulatory compound. Thus, further research on the application of SB140 in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases is warranted. Animal models of multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory neurological disorders will be a suitable choice for such studies.
Collapse
Grants
- 451-03-66/2024-03/200007 Ministry of Science, , Technological Development, and Innovation, Republic of Serbia
- 451-03-66/2024-03/ 200125 Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation, Republic of Serbia
- 451-03-65/2024-03/200125 Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation, Republic of Serbia
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srđan Bjedov
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Goran Stegnjaić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suzana Stanisavljević
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Lazarević
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Sakač
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oberholtzer N, Mills S, Mehta S, Chakraborty P, Mehrotra S. Role of antioxidants in modulating anti-tumor T cell immune resposne. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 162:99-124. [PMID: 39069371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
It has been well established that in addition to oxygen's vital in cellular respiration, a disruption of oxygen balance can lead to increased stress and oxidative injury. Similarly, reduced oxygen during tumor proliferation and invasion generates a hypoxic tumor microenvironment, resulting in dysfunction of immune cells and providing a conducive milieu for tumors to adapt and grow. Strategies to improve the persistence tumor reactive T cells in the highly oxidative tumor environment are being pursued for enhancing immunotherapy outcomes. To this end, we have focused on various strategies that can help increase or maintain the antioxidant capacity of T cells, thus reducing their susceptibility to oxidative stress/damage. Herein we lay out an overview on the role of oxygen in T cell signaling and how pathways regulating oxidative stress or antioxidant signaling can be targeted to enhance immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Oberholtzer
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Stephanie Mills
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shubham Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li H, Guo Y, Su W, Zhang H, Wei X, Ma X, Gong S, Qu G, Zhang L, Xu H, Shen F, Jiang S, Xu D, Li J. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ ameliorates inorganic arsenic-induced DCs/Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg differentiation partially by activating PINK1-mediated mitophagy in murine liver. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116350. [PMID: 38653026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is a well-established environmental toxicant linked to acute liver injury, fibrosis, and cancer. While oxidative stress, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis are known contributors, the role of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy in arsenic-induced hepatic immunotoxicity remains underexplored. Our study revealed that acute arsenic exposure prompts differentiation of hepatic dendritic cells (DCs) and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells, alongside increased transcription factors and cytokines. Inorganic arsenic triggered liver redox imbalance, leading to elevated alanine transaminase (ALT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. PINK1-mediated mitophagy was initiated, and its inhibition exacerbates H2O2 accumulation while promoting DCs/Th1/Th2/Treg differentiation in the liver of arsenic-exposed mice. Mitoquinone (MitoQ) pretreatment relieved arsenic-induced acute liver injury and immune imbalance by activating Nrf2/HO-1 and PINK1-mediated mitophagy. To our knowledge, this is the first report identifying PINK1-mediated mitophagy as a protective factor against inorganic arsenic-induced hepatic DCs/Th1/Th2 differentiation. This study has provided new insights on the immunotoxicity of inorganic arsenic and established a foundation for exploring preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting PINK1-mediated mitophagy in acute liver injury. Consequently, the application of mitochondrial antioxidant MitoQ may offer a promising treatment for the metalloid-induced acute liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, PR China
| | - Yaning Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, PR China
| | - Wei Su
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, PR China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, PR China
| | - Xiaoxi Wei
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, PR China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, PR China
| | - Shuwen Gong
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, PR China
| | - Gaoyang Qu
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, PR China
| | - Fuhai Shen
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, PR China
| | - Shoufang Jiang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, PR China
| | - Dingjie Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063210, PR China.
| | - Jinlong Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moerland JA, Liby KT. The Triterpenoid CDDO-Methyl Ester Reduces Tumor Burden, Reprograms the Immune Microenvironment, and Protects from Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity in a Preclinical Mouse Model of Established Lung Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:621. [PMID: 38929060 PMCID: PMC11201246 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
NRF2 activation protects epithelial cells from malignancy, but cancer cells can upregulate the pathway to promote survival. NRF2 activators including CDDO-Methyl ester (CDDO-Me) inhibit cancer in preclinical models, suggesting NRF2 activation in other cell types may promote anti-tumor activity. However, the immunomodulatory effects of NRF2 activation remain poorly understood in the context of cancer. To test CDDO-Me in a murine model of established lung cancer, tumor-bearing wildtype (WT) and Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice were treated with 50-100 mg CDDO-Me/kg diet, alone or combined with carboplatin/paclitaxel (C/P) for 8-12 weeks. CDDO-Me decreased tumor burden in an Nrf2-dependent manner. The combination of CDDO-Me plus C/P was significantly (p < 0.05) more effective than either drug alone, reducing tumor burden by 84% in WT mice. CDDO-Me reduced the histopathological grade of WT tumors, with a significantly (p < 0.05) higher proportion of low-grade tumors and a lower proportion of high-grade tumors. These changes were augmented by combination with C/P. CDDO-Me also protected WT mice from C/P-induced toxicity and improved macrophage and T cell phenotypes in WT mice, reducing the expression of CD206 and PD-L1 on macrophages, decreasing immunosuppressive FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells, and increasing activation of CD8+ T cells in a Nrf2-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Moerland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Karen T. Liby
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tripathi A, Dasgupta D, Pant A, Bugbee A, Yellapu NK, Choi BHY, Giri S, Pyaram K. Nrf2 regulates the activation-driven expansion of CD4 + T-cells by differentially modulating glucose and glutamine metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.18.590146. [PMID: 38712097 PMCID: PMC11071319 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Upon antigenic stimulation, CD4 + T-cells undergo clonal expansion, elevating their bioenergetic demands and utilization of nutrients like glucose and glutamine. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a well-known regulator of oxidative stress, but its involvement in modulating the metabolism of CD4 + T-cells remains unexplored. Here, we elucidate the role of Nrf2 beyond the traditional antioxidation, in modulating activation-driven expansion of CD4 + T-cells by influencing their nutrient metabolism. T-cell-specific activation of Nrf2 enhances early activation and IL-2 secretion, upregulates TCR-signaling, and increases activation-driven proliferation of CD4 + T-cells. Mechanistically, high Nrf2 inhibits glucose metabolism through glycolysis but promotes glutamine metabolism via glutaminolysis to support increased T-cell proliferation. Further, Nrf2 expression is temporally regulated in activated CD4 + T-cells with elevated expression during the early activation, but decreased expression thereafter. Overall, our findings uncover a novel role of Nrf2 as a metabolic modulator of CD4 + T-cells, thus providing a framework for improving Nrf2-targeting therapies and T-cell immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Glorieux C, Enríquez C, González C, Aguirre-Martínez G, Buc Calderon P. The Multifaceted Roles of NRF2 in Cancer: Friend or Foe? Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:70. [PMID: 38247494 PMCID: PMC10812565 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiological concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play vital roles in various normal cellular processes, whereas excessive ROS generation is central to disease pathogenesis. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a critical transcription factor that regulates the cellular antioxidant systems in response to oxidative stress by governing the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes that shield cells from diverse oxidative alterations. NRF2 and its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) have been the focus of numerous investigations in elucidating whether NRF2 suppresses tumor promotion or conversely exerts pro-oncogenic effects. NRF2 has been found to participate in various pathological processes, including dysregulated cell proliferation, metabolic remodeling, and resistance to apoptosis. Herein, this review article will examine the intriguing role of phase separation in activating the NRF2 transcriptional activity and explore the NRF2 dual impacts on tumor immunology, cancer stem cells, metastasis, and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). Taken together, this review aims to discuss the NRF2 multifaceted roles in both cancer prevention and promotion while also addressing the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations associated with modulating NRF2 therapeutically in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Glorieux
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Cinthya Enríquez
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (C.E.); (C.G.); (G.A.-M.)
- Programa de Magister en Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Constanza González
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (C.E.); (C.G.); (G.A.-M.)
| | - Gabriela Aguirre-Martínez
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (C.E.); (C.G.); (G.A.-M.)
- Instituto de Química Medicinal, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (C.E.); (C.G.); (G.A.-M.)
- Instituto de Química Medicinal, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Research Group in Metabolism and Nutrition, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pant A, Dasgupta D, Tripathi A, Pyaram K. Beyond Antioxidation: Keap1-Nrf2 in the Development and Effector Functions of Adaptive Immune Cells. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:288-298. [PMID: 37099275 PMCID: PMC10579846 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) complex forms the evolutionarily conserved antioxidation system to tackle oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species, generated as byproducts of cellular metabolism, were identified as essential second messengers for T cell signaling, activation, and effector responses. Apart from its traditional role as an antioxidant, a growing body of evidence indicates that Nrf2, tightly regulated by Keap1, modulates immune responses and regulates cellular metabolism. Newer functions of Keap1 and Nrf2 in immune cell activation and function, as well as their role in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis, are emerging. In this review, we highlight recent findings about the influence of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the development and effector functions of adaptive immune cells, that is, T cells and B cells, and discuss the knowledge gaps in our understanding. We also summarize the research potential and targetability of Nrf2 for treating immune pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Pant
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Debolina Dasgupta
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Aprajita Tripathi
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Kalyani Pyaram
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin (Trx) is a powerful antioxidant that reduces protein disulfides to maintain redox stability in cells and is involved in regulating multiple redox-dependent signaling pathways. Recent Advance: The current accumulation of findings suggests that Trx participates in signaling pathways that interact with various proteins to manipulate their dynamic regulation of structure and function. These network pathways are critical for cancer pathogenesis and therapy. Promising clinical advances have been presented by most anticancer agents targeting such signaling pathways. Critical Issues: We herein link the signaling pathways regulated by the Trx system to potential cancer therapeutic opportunities, focusing on the coordination and strengths of the Trx signaling pathways in apoptosis, ferroptosis, immunomodulation, and drug resistance. We also provide a mechanistic network for the exploitation of therapeutic small molecules targeting the Trx signaling pathways. Future Directions: As research data accumulate, future complex networks of Trx-related signaling pathways will gain in detail. In-depth exploration and establishment of these signaling pathways, including Trx upstream and downstream regulatory proteins, will be critical to advancing novel cancer therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 403-424.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiang P, Zhang Y, Qu X, Chen Y, Xu Y, Li X, Wei X, Hu X, Zhong R, Liu C, Zhu F. Xiehuo Xiaoying decoction inhibits Tfh cell expansion and promotes Tfr cell amplification to ameliorate Graves' disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115826. [PMID: 36228893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiehuo Xiaoying decoction (XHXY) has shown great potential in the treatment of GD, but its mechanism remains obscure. Increase of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and reduction of follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells contribute to a high thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) level and possible Graves' disease (GD). Oxidative stress (OS) disrupts T helper cell differentiation and aggravates autoimmunity. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate whether XHXY decoction can ameliorate autoimmunity in GD via inhibiting OS and regulating Tfh and Tfr cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main XHXY bioactive compounds were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. GD was induced in the mice through three intramuscular injections of adenovirus expressing the TSH receptor. Then, the mice received oral gavage of XHXY (17 g/kg·d) and 34 g/kg·d) for 4 weeks. OS indicators were assessed. Flow cytometry was used to confirm the proportion of Tfh and Tfr cells in the lymph nodes and spleens of the mice. Cytokine expression levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Factors including interleukin-21, B-cell lymphoma-6, and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) were detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Twelve main ingredients of XHXY were identified. XHXY relieved GD by lowering thyroxine (p < 0.01) and TRAb levels (p < 0.01). XHXY ameliorated OS by decreasing the levels of NADPH oxidase 2 (p < 0.05), 4-hydroxynonenal (p < 0.01), and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (p < 0.001). It inhibited Tfh cell expansion (p < 0.05), as well as the production of cytokine interleukin -21 (p < 0.01), interleukin -4 (p < 0.01) and transcription factor B-cell lymphoma 6 (p < 0.05). XHXY also induced Tfr cell amplification (p < 0.05), increased the production of interleukin -10 (p < 0.05) and transforming growth factor β (p < 0.05) and the mRNA levels of Foxp3 (p < 0.05). Finally, the Tfh/Tfr ratio returned to normal. In addition, XHXY activated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, but inhibited Keap1 activation. CONCLUSIONS XHXY relieves autoimmunity in GD via inhibiting Tfh cell amplification and Tfr cell reduction, a mechanism which probably involves the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Yunnan Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xiaoyang Qu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Yijiao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xingjia Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Ronglin Zhong
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
| | - Fenxia Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rajendiran A, Subramanyam SH, Klemm P, Jankowski V, van Loosdregt J, Vastert B, Vollbach K, Wagner N, Tenbrock K, Ohl K. NRF2/Itaconate Axis Regulates Metabolism and Inflammatory Properties of T Cells in Children with JIA. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122426. [PMID: 36552634 PMCID: PMC9774972 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+ T cells critically contribute to the initiation and perturbation of inflammation. When CD4+ T cells enter inflamed tissues, they adapt to hypoxia and oxidative stress conditions, and to a reduction in nutrients. We aimed to investigate how this distinct environment regulates T cell responses within the inflamed joints of patients with childhood rheumatism (JIA) by analyzing the behavior of NRF2-the key regulator of the anti-oxidative stress response-and its signaling pathways. METHODS Flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR were used to perform metabolic profiling of T cells and to measure the production of inflammatory cytokines. Loss of function analyses were carried out by means of siRNA transfection experiments. NRF2 activation was induced by treatment with 4-octyl-Itaconate (4-OI). RESULTS Flow cytometry analyses revealed a high metabolic status in CD4+ T cells taken from synovial fluid (SF) with greater mitochondrial mass, and increased glucose and fatty acid uptake. This resulted in a heightened oxidative status of SF CD4+ T cells. Despite raised ROS levels, expression of NRF2 and its target gene NQO1 were lower in CD4+ T cells from SF than in those from blood. Indeed, NRF2 activation of CD4+ T cells downregulated oxidative stress markers, altered the metabolic phenotype and reduced secretion of IFN-γ. CONCLUSION NRF2 could be a potential regulator in CD4+ T cells during chronic inflammation and could instigate a drift toward disease progression or regression, depending on the inflammatory environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anandhi Rajendiran
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sudheendra Hebbar Subramanyam
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.H.S.); (K.O.); Tel.: +49-0241-8089140 (K.O.)
| | - Patricia Klemm
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Laboratory for Translational Medicine, Department of Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Vastert
- Laboratory for Translational Medicine, Department of Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Vollbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.H.S.); (K.O.); Tel.: +49-0241-8089140 (K.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morris G, Gevezova M, Sarafian V, Maes M. Redox regulation of the immune response. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1079-1101. [PMID: 36056148 PMCID: PMC9508259 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe immune-inflammatory response is associated with increased nitro-oxidative stress. The aim of this mechanistic review is to examine: (a) the role of redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes, ROS/RNS production, and the activity of cellular antioxidants in the activation and performance of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells; (b) the involvement of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and oxidized phospholipids in regulating the immune response; and (c) the detrimental effects of hypernitrosylation and chronic nitro-oxidative stress on the immune response. The redox changes during immune-inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the actions of nuclear factor-κB, HIF1α, the mechanistic target of rapamycin, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. The performance and survival of individual immune cells is under redox control and depends on intracellular and extracellular levels of ROS/RNS. They are heavily influenced by cellular antioxidants including the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and the HDL/ApoA1/PON1 complex. Chronic nitro-oxidative stress and hypernitrosylation inhibit the activity of those antioxidant systems, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial functions, and the metabolism of immune cells. In conclusion, redox-associated mechanisms modulate metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, macrophage and T helper cell polarization, phagocytosis, production of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines, immune training and tolerance, chemotaxis, pathogen sensing, antiviral and antibacterial effects, Toll-like receptor activity, and endotoxin tolerance.
Collapse
|
12
|
Brazão V, Colato RP, Santello FH, Duarte A, Goulart A, Sampaio PA, Pacheco Silva CB, Tirapelli CR, Costa RM, Tostes RC, do Prado JC. Melatonin regulates antioxidant defense and inflammatory response by activating Nrf2-dependent mechanisms and inhibiting NFkappaB expression in middle-aged T. cruzi infected rats. Exp Gerontol 2022; 167:111895. [PMID: 35843349 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress with higher levels of leptin and inflammatory response are key processes related to pathogenesis of both T. cruzi infection and aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the expression of several genes implicated in the oxidative stress response in many pathological conditions. Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone with, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging actions. Then, we hypothesized that Nrf2 response is impaired during the acute T. cruzi (9 days) infection and that melatonin rescues Nrf2 responses. Young (5 weeks-old) and middle-aged (18 months-old) male Wistar rats were infected with T. cruzi. Nrf2 translocation and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were analyzed in blood and spleen. Increased apoptosis levels and oxidative stress indicators were observed in the rat spleen during T. cruzi infection. These responses were accompanied by decreased Nrf2 expression and increased expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). Melatonin (5 mg/kg/day; p.o. gavage) attenuated the superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production induced by T. cruzi infection. Increased expressions of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected in the spleen of melatonin-treated rats infected with T. cruzi. Melatonin treatment inhibited the spleen NF-κB activation and downregulates the levels of circulating interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in T. cruzi middle-aged infected rats. Increased levels of the chemokine CXCL1 in middle-aged control rats was observed, confirming that aging alters the production of this chemokine. In T. cruzi infected young animals, CXCL1 was up-regulated when compared to non-infected young ones. For young or middle-aged animals, melatonin treatment had no significant effect on CXCL1 levels. Our findings demonstrate an important role for Nrf2/NF-kB regulation as a possible mechanism by which melatonin attenuates oxidative stress, and provide new insights for further studies of this indoleamine as a therapeutic co-adjuvant agent against T. cruzi infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Brazão
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela Pravato Colato
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Helena Santello
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Duarte
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Goulart
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alexandre Sampaio
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla B Pacheco Silva
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Tirapelli
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, GO, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Clóvis do Prado
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Freeborn RA, Boss AP, Kaiser LM, Gardner EM, Rockwell CE. Trivalent arsenic impairs the effector response of human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to influenza A virus ex vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
14
|
The Potential of Nrf2 Activation as a Therapeutic Target in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020151. [PMID: 35208225 PMCID: PMC8876688 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are well established in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are critical to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The transcription factor NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a central regulator of cellular anti-oxidative responses, inflammation, and restoration of redox balance. Accumulating reports support an emerging role for the regulation of Nrf2 in SLE. These include findings on the development of lupus-like autoimmune nephritis and altered immune cell populations in mice lacking Nrf2, as well as decreased Nrf2 abundance in the dendritic cells of patients with SLE. Nrf2-inducing agents have been shown to alleviate oxidative and inflammatory stress and reduce tissue injury in SLE mouse models. Since Nrf2 expression can be increased in activated T cells, the precise role of Nrf2 activation in different immune cell types and their function remains to be defined. However, targeting Nrf2 for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, such as SLE, is promising. As investigation of Nrf2-inducing agents in clinical trials grows, defining the signaling and molecular mechanisms of action and downstream effects in response to different Nrf2-inducing agents in specific cells, tissues, and diseases, will be critical for effective clinical use.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lau CH, Pendleton D, Drury NL, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang R, Wright GA, Hoffmann AR, Johnson NM. NRF2 Protects against Altered Pulmonary T Cell Differentiation in Neonates Following In Utero Ultrafine Particulate Matter Exposure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:202. [PMID: 35204086 PMCID: PMC8868442 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution negatively impacts neonatal health. The underlying mechanisms following prenatal exposure, particularly to ultrafine particles (UFP, diameter ≤ 0.1 μm), are not fully understood; To evaluate the role of Nrf2 in response to in utero UFP exposure, we exposed time-mated Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2-/-) or wildtype (WT) mice to filtered air (FA) or 100 μg/m3 ultrafine PM daily throughout pregnancy. Offspring were evaluated for pulmonary immunophenotypes and pulmonary/systemic oxidative stress on postnatal day 5, a timepoint at which we previously demonstrated viral respiratory infection susceptibility; Nrf2-/- offspring exposed to FA had significantly lower average body weights compared to FA-exposed WT pups. Moreover, PM-exposed Nrf2-/- offspring weighed significantly less than PM-exposed WT pups. Notably, PM-exposed Nrf2-/- offspring showed a decreased pulmonary Th1/Th2 ratio, indicating a Th2 bias. Th17 cells were increased in FA-exposed Nrf2-/- neonates yet decreased in PM-exposed Nrf2-/- neonates. Analysis of oxidative stress-related genes in lung and oxidative stress biomarkers in liver tissues did not vary significantly across exposure groups or genotypes. Collectively, these findings indicate that the lack of Nrf2 causes growth inhibitory effects in general and in response to gestational UFP exposure. Prenatal UFP exposure skews CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation toward Th2 in neonates lacking Nrf2, signifying its importance in maternal exposure and infant immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen H. Lau
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.H.L.); (G.A.W.)
| | - Drew Pendleton
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.P.); (N.L.D.)
| | - Nicholas L. Drury
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.P.); (N.L.D.)
| | - Jiayun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gus A. Wright
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.H.L.); (G.A.W.)
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA;
| | - Natalie M. Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.P.); (N.L.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Systemic Response of Antioxidants, Heat Shock Proteins, and Inflammatory Biomarkers to Short-Lasting Exercise Training in Healthy Male Subjects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1938492. [PMID: 34853628 PMCID: PMC8629640 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1938492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity can enhance immune function and effectively prevents the spread of the cytokine response, thus reducing systemic low-grade inflammation and improving various immune markers. Moreover, regular exercise maintains redox homeostasis in skeletal muscle and other tissues, including immune cells, but the interconnection between the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise with the redox status of immune cells is still poorly understood. With the aim to verify the overall beneficial effect of regular training on the immune system, we have examined the acute and short-term effect of a 5-day exercise program on the modulation of protein and lipid oxidation, antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxide 1 (GPx1), thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1), and catalase (CAT)), and heat shock protein expression (i.e., heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) and heat shock protein-27 (HSP27)), at both mRNA and protein levels, as well as the activation of the nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Moreover, plasmatic markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and stress response (i.e., protein carbonyl content, interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-8 (IL8), interleukin-10 (IL10), interleukin-17E (IL17E), interleukin-17F (IL17F), interleukin-21 (IL21), interleukin-22 (IL22), and interleukin-23 (IL23)) were analyzed in active untrained young adult subjects. Even in the absence of an increased amount of protein or lipid oxidation, we confirmed a PBMC upregulation of SOD1 (1.26 ± 0.07 fold change, p < 0.05), HSP70 (1.59 ± 0.28 fold change, p < 0.05), and HSP27 gene expression (1.49 ± 0.09 fold change, p < 0.05) after 3 hours from the first bout of exercise, followed by an increase in proteins' amount at 24 hours (SOD1, 1.80 ± 0.34 fold change; HSP70, 3.40 ± 0.58 fold change; and HSP27, 1.81 ± 0.20 fold change, p < 0.05) and return to basal levels after the 5 days of aerobic training. Indeed, the posttraining basal levels of oxidized molecules in plasma and PBMCs were statistically lower than the pretraining levels (carbonyl content, 0.50 ± 0.05 fold change, p < 0.01), paralleled by a lower expression of SOD2, Gpx1, and TrxR1, at mRNA (SOD2, 0.63 ± 0.06; GPx1, 0.69 ± 0.07; and TrxR1, 0.69 ± 0.12 fold change, p < 0.05) and protein (TrxR1, 0.49 ± 0.11 fold change, p < 0.05) levels. These results verified the existence of an early phase of redox adaptation to physical exercise already achievable after 5 days of moderate, regular aerobic training. More interestingly, this phenomenon was paralleled by the degree of NFκB activation in PBMCs and the decrease of plasmatic proinflammatory cytokines IL8, IL21, and IL22 in the posttraining period, suggesting an interconnected, short-term efficacy of aerobic exercise towards systemic oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Schilz JR, Dashner-Titus EJ, Luo L, Simmons KA, MacKenzie DA, Hudson LG. Co-exposure of sodium arsenite and uranyl acetate differentially alters gene expression in CD3/CD28 activated CD4+ T-cells. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1917-1929. [PMID: 34926170 PMCID: PMC8649082 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Communities in the western region of the United States experience environmental exposure to metal mixtures from living in proximity to numerous unremediated abandoned uranium mines. Metals including arsenic and uranium co-occur in and around these sites at levels higher than the United States Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels. To address the potential effect of these metals on the activation of CD4+ T-cells, we used RNA sequencing methods to determine the effect of exposure to sodium arsenite (1 μM and 10 μM), uranyl acetate (3 μM and 30 μM) or a mixture of sodium arsenite and uranyl acetate (1 μM sodium arsenite + 3 μM uranyl acetate). Sodium arsenite induced a dose dependent effect on activation associated gene expression; targeting immune response genes at the lower dose. Increases in oxidative stress gene expression were observed with both sodium arsenite doses. While uranyl acetate alone did not significantly alter activation associated gene expression, the mixture of uranyl acetate with sodium arsenite demonstrated a combined effect relative to sodium arsenite alone. The results demonstrate the need to investigate metal and metalloid mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations to better understand the toxicological impact of these mixtures on T-cell activation, function and immune dysregulation.
Collapse
Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- AUM, abandoned uranium mine
- Arsenic
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- GCLM, glutamate-cysteine ligase
- HMOX1, heme oxygenase 1
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IL-2, interleukin 2
- MHC, major histone compatibility complex
- Mixture toxicology
- NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase
- PCA, principal component analysis
- SOD1, super oxide dismutase 1
- T-lymphocytes
- TCR, T-cell receptor
- Th, T-helper
- Uranium
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi R. Schilz
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Erica J. Dashner-Titus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Li Luo
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Karen A. Simmons
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Debra A. MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Laurie G. Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sanguinarine mediated apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via generation of reactive oxygen species and suppression of JAK/STAT pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112358. [PMID: 34794241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment of lung cancer remains a significant clinical challenge due to its multidrug resistance and side effects of the current treatment options. The high mortality associated with this malignancy indicates the need for new therapeutic interventions with fewer side effects. Natural compounds offer various benefits such as easy access, minimal side effects, and multi-molecular targets and thus, can prove useful in treating lung cancer. Sanguinarine (SNG), a natural compound, possesses favorable therapeutic potential against a variety of cancers. Here, we examined the underlying molecular mechanisms of SNG in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cells. SNG suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis via downregulation of the constitutively active JAK/STAT pathway in all the NSCLC cell lines. siRNA silencing of STAT3 in NSCLC cells further confirmed the involvement of the JAK/STAT signaling cascade. SNG treatment increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which contributed to a leaky mitochondrial membrane leading to cytochrome c release accompanied by caspase activation. In addition, we established the antitumor effects of SNG through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as inhibiting ROS production prevented the apoptosis-inducing potential of SNG. In vivo xenograft tumor model further validated our in vitro findings. Overall, our study investigated the molecular mechanisms by which SNG induces apoptosis in NSCLC, providing avenues for developing novel natural compound-based cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The cytosolic selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1, TXNRD1), and to some extent mitochondrial TrxR2 (TXNRD2), can be inhibited by a wide range of electrophilic compounds. Many such compounds also yield cytotoxicity toward cancer cells in culture or in mouse models, and most compounds are likely to irreversibly modify the easily accessible selenocysteine residue in TrxR1, thereby inhibiting its normal activity to reduce cytosolic thioredoxin (Trx1, TXN) and other substrates of the enzyme. This leads to an oxidative challenge. In some cases, the inhibited forms of TrxR1 are not catalytically inert and are instead converted to prooxidant NADPH oxidases, named SecTRAPs, thus further aggravating the oxidative stress, particularly in cells expressing higher levels of the enzyme. In this review, the possible molecular and cellular consequences of these effects are discussed in relation to cancer therapy, with a focus on outstanding questions that should be addressed if targeted TrxR1 inhibition is to be further developed for therapeutic use. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radosveta Gencheva
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; .,Department of Selenoprotein Research, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ohl K, Tenbrock K. Oxidative Stress in SLE T Cells, Is NRF2 Really the Target to Treat? Front Immunol 2021; 12:633845. [PMID: 33968025 PMCID: PMC8102865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major component of cellular damage in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) resulting amongst others in the generation of pathogenic Th17 cells. The NRF2/Keap1 pathway is the most important antioxidant system protecting cells from damage due to oxidative stress. Activation of NRF2 therefore seems to represent a putative therapeutic target in SLE, which is nevertheless challenged by several findings suggesting tissue and cell specific differences in the effect of NRF2 expression. This review focusses on the current understanding of oxidative stress in SLE T cells and its pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shimoyama S, Kawata K, Ohta K, Chida T, Suzuki T, Tsuneyama K, Shimoda S, Kurono N, Leung PSC, Gershwin ME, Suda T, Kobayashi Y. Ursodeoxycholic acid impairs liver-infiltrating T-cell chemotaxis through IFN-γ and CX3CL1 production in primary biliary cholangitis. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1519-1530. [PMID: 33710617 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the primary treatment for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Studies suggest that UDCA enhances NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) expression and that the interaction between IFN-γ and C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) facilitates biliary inflammation in PBC. Therefore, we examined the effects of UDCA on the expression of IFN-γ and CX3CL1 in in vitro and in vivo PBC models such as human liver tissue, a murine model, cell lines, and isolated human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (IHBECs). We observed a significant decrease in IFN-γ mRNA levels and positive correlations between IFN-γ and CX3CL1 mRNA levels post-UDCA treatment in PBC livers. NFE2L2-mediated transcriptional activation was significantly enhanced in UDCA-treated Jurkat cells. In 2-octynoic acid-immunized mice, IFN-γ production by liver-infiltrating T cells was dependent on NFE2L2 activation. IFN-γ significantly and dose-dependentlyinduced CX3CL1 expression, which was significantly decreased in HuCC-T1 cells and IHBECs upon UDCA treatment. These results suggest that UDCA-induced suppression of IFN-γ and CX3CL1 production attenuates the chemotactic and adhesive abilities of liver-infiltrating T cells in PBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Shimoyama
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ohta
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Chida
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Kurono
- Department of Chemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kobayashi
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Investigating Molecular Mechanisms of Immunotoxicity and the Utility of ToxCast for Immunotoxicity Screening of Chemicals Added to Food. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073332. [PMID: 33804855 PMCID: PMC8036665 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-throughput screening methodologies may decrease the need for laboratory animals for toxicity testing. Here, we investigate the potential of assessing immunotoxicity with high-throughput screening data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ToxCast program. As case studies, we analyzed the most common chemicals added to food as well as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) shown to migrate to food from packaging materials or processing equipment. The antioxidant preservative tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) showed activity both in ToxCast assays and in classical immunological assays, suggesting that it may affect the immune response in people. From the PFAS group, we identified eight substances that can migrate from food contact materials and have ToxCast data. In epidemiological and toxicological studies, PFAS suppress the immune system and decrease the response to vaccination. However, most PFAS show weak or no activity in immune-related ToxCast assays. This lack of concordance between toxicological and high-throughput data for common PFAS indicates the current limitations of in vitro screening for analyzing immunotoxicity. High-throughput in vitro assays show promise for providing mechanistic data relevant for immune risk assessment. In contrast, the lack of immune-specific activity in the existing high-throughput assays cannot validate the safety of a chemical for the immune system.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Metabolic pathways and redox reactions are at the core of life. In the past decade(s), numerous discoveries have shed light on how metabolic pathways determine the cellular fate and function of lymphoid and myeloid cells, giving rise to an area of research referred to as immunometabolism. Upon activation, however, immune cells not only engage specific metabolic pathways but also rearrange their oxidation-reduction (redox) system, which in turn supports metabolic reprogramming. In fact, studies addressing the redox metabolism of immune cells are an emerging field in immunology. Here, we summarize recent insights revealing the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the differential requirement of the main cellular antioxidant pathways, including the components of the thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) pathways, as well as their transcriptional regulator NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), for proliferation, survival and function of T cells, B cells and macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Muri
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gunne S, Heinicke U, Parnham MJ, Laux V, Zacharowski K, von Knethen A. Nrf2-A Molecular Target for Sepsis Patients in Critical Care. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121688. [PMID: 33348637 PMCID: PMC7766194 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an established master regulator of the anti-oxidative and detoxifying cellular response. Thus, a role in inflammatory diseases associated with the generation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems obvious. In line with this, data obtained in cell culture experiments and preclinical settings have shown that Nrf2 is important in regulating target genes that are necessary to ensure cellular redox balance. Additionally, Nrf2 is involved in the induction of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes, which are important both in degrading and converting drugs into active forms, and into putative carcinogens. Therefore, Nrf2 has also been implicated in tumorigenesis. This must be kept in mind when new therapy approaches are planned for the treatment of sepsis. Therefore, this review highlights the function of Nrf2 in sepsis with a special focus on the translation of rodent-based results into sepsis patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gunne
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.G.); (M.J.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Ulrike Heinicke
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (U.H.); (K.Z.)
| | - Michael J. Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.G.); (M.J.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Volker Laux
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.G.); (M.J.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (U.H.); (K.Z.)
| | - Andreas von Knethen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.G.); (M.J.P.); (V.L.)
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (U.H.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-87824
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The anti-inflammatory properties of Acanthus Ebracteatus, Barleria Lupulina and Clinacanthus Nutans: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9883-9894. [PMID: 33244664 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This appraisal is comprised of the inflammatory studies that have been conducted on Clinacanthus nutans, Acanthus ebracteatus, and Barleria lupulina. The review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the supporting and contradictory evidence on each plants' anti-inflammatory properties, whilst addressing the gaps in the current literature. The databases used to obtain relevant studies were Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed and Nusearch (University of Nottingham). A total of 13 articles were selected for this review. A. ebracteatus was found to suppress neutrophil migration and weakly inhibits chronic inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, B. lupulina and C. nutans were shown to possess very similar anti-inflammatory properties. The studies on C. nutans indicated that its anti-inflammatory effect is strongly related to the inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Moreover, several phytoconstituents isolated from B. lupulina were shown to activate the anti-inflammatory Nrf2 pathway. Overall, all the studies have provided evidence to support the use of these plants as anti-inflammatory herbal remedies. However, their exact mechanism of action and the responsible phytoconstituents are yet to be established.
Collapse
|
26
|
Bursley JK, Rockwell CE. Nrf2-dependent and -independent effects of tBHQ in activated murine B cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111595. [PMID: 32702509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates cytoprotective cellular responses to oxidative and electrophilic stress. Nrf2 is potently activated by the synthetic food additive, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), which is widely used as a preservative in oils and processed foods. Previously published studies have established that tBHQ has numerous effects on T cell function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tBHQ on B cell function and the role of Nrf2 in these effects. Specifically, we investigated T cell-independent B cell activation, differentiation, and IgM antibody production. Murine wild-type and Nrf2-null splenocytes were isolated, treated with tBHQ (0.25-2.5 μm), and activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a T cell-independent B cell activator. Our findings indicate that tBHQ significantly enhanced IgM production in activated wild-type, but not Nrf2-null, B cells, suggesting this effect is Nrf2-dependent. In contrast, tBHQ significantly decreased the induction of CD69, CD25, CD22, and CD138 in both wild-type and Nrf2-null splenocytes. These findings indicate that the tBHQ-mediated increase in IgM is Nrf2-dependent, whereas the inhibition of CD69, CD25, CD22 and CD138 is Nrf2-independent. Overall, this study demonstrates that in addition to its effects on T cells, tBHQ also has potent effects on T cell-independent B cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna K Bursley
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
A novel condition of mild electrical stimulation exerts immunosuppression via hydrogen peroxide production that controls multiple signaling pathway. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234867. [PMID: 32569300 PMCID: PMC7307747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different modes of exogenous electrical stimulation at physiological strength has been applied to various diseases. Previously, we extensively demonstrated the usability of mild electrical stimulation (MES) with low frequency pulse current at 55 pulses per second (MES55) for several disease conditions. Here we found that MES with high frequency pulse-current (5500 pulse per second; MES5500) suppressed the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin in Jurkat T cells and primary splenocytes. MES5500 also suppressed the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, improved liver damage and reduced mouse spleen enlargement in concanavalin-A-treated BALB/c mice. The molecular mechanism underlying these effects included the ability of MES5500 to induce modest amount of hydrogen peroxide and control multiple signaling pathways important for immune regulation, such as NF-κB, NFAT and NRF2. In the treatment of various inflammatory and immune-related diseases, suppression of excessive inflammatory cytokines is key, but because immunosuppressive drugs used in the clinical setting have serious side effects, development of safer methods of inhibiting cytokines is required. Our finding provides evidence that physical medicine in the form of MES5500 may be considered as a novel therapeutic tool or as adjunctive therapy for inflammatory and immune-related diseases.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ye Y, Gaugler B, Mohty M, Malard F. Old dog, new trick: Trivalent arsenic as an immunomodulatory drug. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2199-2214. [PMID: 32022256 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trivalent arsenic (As(III)) is recently found to be an immunomodulatory agent. As(III) has therapeutic potential in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in vivo. In vitro, it selectively induces apoptosis of immune cells due to different sensitivity. At a non-toxic level, As(III) shows its multifaceted nature by inducing either pro- or anti-inflammatory functions of immune subsets. These effects are exerted by either As(III)-protein interactions or as a consequence of As(III)-induced homeostasis imbalance. The immunomodulatory properties also show synergistic effects of As(III) with cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the immunomodulatory effects of As(III), focusing on the effects of As(III) on immune subsets in vitro, on mouse models of immune-related diseases, and the role of As(III) in cancer immunotherapy. Updates of the mechanisms of action, the pioneer clinical trials, dosing, and adverse events of therapeutic As(III) are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Ye
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Béatrice Gaugler
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Florent Malard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Secchi C, Orecchioni M, Carta M, Galimi F, Turrini F, Pantaleo A. Signaling Response to Transient Redox Stress in Human Isolated T Cells: Molecular Sensor Role of Syk Kinase and Functional Involvement of IL2 Receptor and L-Selectine. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20020466. [PMID: 31947584 PMCID: PMC7013990 DOI: 10.3390/s20020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are central effectors of inflammation and play a key role in cell signaling. Previous reports have described an association between oxidative events and the modulation of innate immunity. However, the role of redox signaling in adaptive immunity is still not well understood. This work is based on a novel investigation of diamide, a specific oxidant of sulfhydryl groups, and it is the first performed in purified T cell tyrosine phosphorylation signaling. Our data show that ex vivo T cells respond to –SH group oxidation with a distinctive tyrosine phosphorylation response and that these events elicit specific cellular responses. The expression of two essential T-cell receptors, CD25 and CD62L, and T-cell cytokine release is also affected in a specific way. Experiments with Syk inhibitors indicate a major contribution of this kinase in these phenomena. This pilot work confirms the presence of crosstalk between oxidation of cysteine residues and tyrosine phosphorylation changes, resulting in a series of functional events in freshly isolated T cells. Our experiments show a novel role of Syk inhibitors in applying their anti-inflammatory action through the inhibition of a ROS-generated reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Secchi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, University of Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (A.P.); Tel./Fax: +39-079-228-651 (A.P.)
| | - Marco Orecchioni
- La Jolla Institute of Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marissa Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesco Galimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, University of Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (A.P.); Tel./Fax: +39-079-228-651 (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Heidari F, Bahari A, Amarlou A, Fakheri BA. Fumaric acids as a novel antagonist of TLR-4 pathway mitigates arsenic-exposed inflammation in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:513-520. [PMID: 31397191 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1645166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmentally relevant doses of arsenic has several harmful effects on the human immune system. In traditional Eastern medicines, nettle has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat rheumatism and osteoarthritis. Fumaric acid (FA) as a major effective compound in nettle was chosen based on very accurate virtual screening to find antagonist for TLR4/MD structure. In this study, the in vitro therapeutic effects of FA on arsenic-exposed monocytes-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) were evaluated. All the canonical functions of dendritic cells in bridging innate and adaptive immune system including phagocytosis and antigen-presenting capacity, and also cytokines secretion, were evaluated after exposure to arsenic/FA. FA profoundly over-expressed antigen-presenting capacity of MDDCs after exposure to arsenic through the upregulation of MHCιι. However, phagocytosis capacity of arsenic-exposed MDDCs is not compensated for, by treatment with FA. Arsenic up-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines independents of TLR4 pathway. FA surprisingly mitigates the up-regulation of IL-1β and TNF-α but not TLR4 and NF-kB. Moreover, FA increases the viability of MDDCs even at a high dose of arsenic. Totally, FA reduced inflammatory factors induced by arsenic. This finding confirmed that nettle and other medicinal plants containing similar structures with FA could be further analyzed as valuable candidates for the reduction of drastic effects of arsenic in human immune systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Heidari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Zabol , Zabol , Iran
| | - Abbas Bahari
- Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Ali Amarlou
- Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Barat Ali Fakheri
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Zabol , Zabol , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Parvez F, Lauer FT, Factor-Litvak P, Liu X, Santella RM, Islam T, Eunus M, Alam N, Sarwar G, Rahman M, Ahsan H, Graziano J, Burchiel SW. Assessment of arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures on immune function among males in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216662. [PMID: 31095595 PMCID: PMC6522035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are environmental pollutants to which people around the world are exposed through water, food and air. In mouse and in vitro studies of human cells, both of these chemicals have been shown to modulate the immune system. In some experimental studies, a synergistic disruption of immune function was observed by a combined exposure to arsenic and PAH. However, a joint effect of arsenic and PAH on immune function has not been studied in humans. We have conducted an epidemiological investigation to examine effects of chronic arsenic and PAH exposures on immune function. We assessed T-cell proliferation (TCP) and cytokine production of anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulated lymphocytes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HPBMC) among 197 healthy men enrolled to the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal (HEALS) cohort in Bangladesh. By design, approximately half were active smokers and the rest were never smokers. Our analyses demonstrated that IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 were significantly stimulated as a function of urinary arsenic levels in models adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and PAH-DNA adducts. After correcting for false detection rate (FDR), only IL-1b remained statistically significant. We found a U-shaped dose response relationship between urinary arsenic and IL-1b. On the other hand, PAH-DNA adducts were associated with an inhibition of TCP and appeared as an inverted U-shape curve. Dose response curves were non-monotonic for PAH-DNA adduct exposures and suggested that cytokine secretion of IFNg, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-10 and IL17A followed a complex pattern. In the majority of donors, there was a trend towards a decrease in cytokine associated with PAH-DNA adducts. We did not observe any interaction between urinary arsenic and PAH-DNA adducts on immune parameters. Our results indicate that long-term exposures to arsenic and PAH have independent, non-monotonic associations with TCP and cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Fredine T. Lauer
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Tariqul Islam
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nur Alam
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Sarwar
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Bangladesh
| | | | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Joseph Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Scott W. Burchiel
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Prabhu KS, Siveen KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Jochebeth A, Ali TA, Elareer NR, Iskandarani A, Quaiyoom Khan A, Merhi M, Dermime S, El-Elimat T, Oberlies NH, Alali FQ, Steinhoff M, Uddin S. Greensporone A, a Fungal Secondary Metabolite Suppressed Constitutively Activated AKT via ROS Generation and Induced Apoptosis in Leukemic Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040126. [PMID: 30934922 PMCID: PMC6523683 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Greensporone A is a fungal secondary metabolite that has exhibited potential in vitro for anti-proliferative activity in vitro. We studied the anticancer activity of greensporone A in a panel of leukemic cell lines. Greensporone A-mediated inhibition of proliferation is found to be associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death. Greensporone A treatment of leukemic cells causes inactivation of constitutively activated AKT and its downstream targets, including members GSK3 and FOXO1, and causes downregulation of antiapoptotic genes such as Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAPs) and Bcl-2. Furthermore, Bax, a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, was found to be upregulated in leukemic cell lines treated with greensporone A. Interestingly, gene silencing of AKT using AKT specific siRNA suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 with enhanced expression of Bax. Greensporone A-mediated increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio causes permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane leading to the accumulation of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm. Greensporone A-induced cytochrome c accumulation causes the activation of caspase cascade and cleavage of its effector, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), leading to apoptosis. Greensporone A-mediated apoptosis in leukemic cells occurs through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to depletion of glutathione (GSH) levels. Finally, greensporone A potentiated the anticancer activity of imatinib in leukemic cells. In summary, our study showed that greensporone A suppressed the growth of leukemic cells via induction of apoptotic cell death. The apoptotic cell death occurs by inhibition of AKT signaling and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic/caspase pathways. These results raise the possibility that greensporone A could be developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of leukemia and other hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Kodappully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Anh Jochebeth
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Tayyiba A Ali
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Noor R Elareer
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ahmad Iskandarani
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abdul Quaiyoom Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Departent of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA.
| | - Feras Q Alali
- Qatar College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Dermatology Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
- Weill Cornell-Medicine, Doha 3050, Qatar.
- Weill Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tsai JJ, Velardi E, Shono Y, Argyropoulos KV, Holland AM, Smith OM, Yim NL, Rao UK, Kreines FM, Lieberman SR, Young LF, Lazrak A, Youssef S, Fu YY, Liu C, Lezcano C, Murphy GF, Na IK, Jenq RR, Hanash AM, Dudakov JA, van den Brink MRM. Nrf2 regulates CD4 + T cell-induced acute graft-versus-host disease in mice. Blood 2018; 132:2763-2774. [PMID: 30381375 PMCID: PMC6307985 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-812941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that is well known for its role in regulating the cellular redox pathway. Although there is mounting evidence suggesting a critical role for Nrf2 in hematopoietic stem cells and innate leukocytes, little is known about its involvement in T-cell biology. In this study, we identified a novel role for Nrf2 in regulating alloreactive T-cell function during allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). We observed increased expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 upon T-cell activation in vitro, especially in CD4+ donor T cells after allo-HCT. Allo-HCT recipients of Nrf2 -/- donor T cells had significantly less acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-induced mortality, morbidity, and pathology. This reduction in GVHD was associated with the persistence of Helios+ donor regulatory T cells in the allograft, as well as defective upregulation of the gut-homing receptor LPAM-1 on alloreactive CD8+ T cells. Additionally, Nrf2 -/- donor CD8+ T cells demonstrated intact cytotoxicity against allogeneic target cells. Tumor-bearing allo-HCT recipients of Nrf2 -/- donor T cells had overall improved survival as a result of preserved graft-versus-tumor activity and reduced GVHD activity. Our findings characterized a previously unrecognized role for Nrf2 in T-cell function, as well as revealed a novel therapeutic target to improve the outcomes of allo-HCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Tsai
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Yusuke Shono
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Kimon V Argyropoulos
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Amanda M Holland
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Odette M Smith
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nury L Yim
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Uttam K Rao
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Fabiana M Kreines
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sophie R Lieberman
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lauren F Young
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Amina Lazrak
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Salma Youssef
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ya-Yuan Fu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Cecilia Lezcano
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - George F Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Il-Kang Na
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alan M Hanash
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Program in Immunology and Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and
- Cell and Gene Therapy Program and Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kuttikrishnan S, Siveen KS, Prabhu KS, Khan AQ, Akhtar S, Mateo JM, Merhi M, Taha R, Omri HE, Mraiche F, Dermime S, Uddin S. Sanguinarine suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:782-794. [PMID: 30187808 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1494270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sanguinarine (Sang), a plant-derived compound isolated from the roots of Sanguinaria canadensis was evaluated for its potential pro-apoptotic effects in precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Pre-ALL) cell lines. Treatment of 697, REH, RS4;11, and SupB15 cell lines with Sang exhibited significant inhibition of cell viability via induction of apoptotic cell death. Sang-mediated apoptosis was found to be associated with the increased expression of proapoptotic bax with concomitant decrease of Bcl-2 expression leading to depolarization of mitochondria membrane resulting in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The reduced MMP caused the leakage in mitochondrial membrane and release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. The cytochrome c then mediates the activation of caspase-cascade and subsequently PARP cleavage. Furthermore, pretreatment with z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, abrogated Sang-induced inhibition of cell viability, induction of apoptosis. Sang treatment also reduced the phosphorylation of AKT and suppressed the expression of a number of anti-apoptotic genes such as cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP. Sang mediates its anti-cancer activity by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to depletion of glutathione level in leukemic cell lines. Pretreatment of these cells with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prevented Sang-induced depletion of glutathione level and mitochondrial-caspase-induced apoptosis. Finally, Sang treatment of Pre-ALL cell suppressed colony formation ability of these cells suggesting Sang has an anti-leukemic potential. Altogether, our data suggest that Sang is an efficient inducer of intrinsic apoptotic cell death via generation of ROS and exhibition of anti-leukemic effect in Pre-ALL cells raises the possibility to develop Sang as a therapeutic modality for the treatment and management of Pre-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Kodappully S Siveen
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Abdul Quaiyoom Khan
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Jericha M Mateo
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- b National Centre for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Ruba Taha
- b National Centre for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Halima El Omri
- b National Centre for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | | | - Said Dermime
- b National Centre for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yi T, Li X, Wang E, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Li J, Jiang T. Activation of the Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Antioxidant Responsive Element (Nrf2-ARE) Signaling Pathway Alleviates Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inhibiting Infiltration of Inflammatory Cells in an Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Mouse Model. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5973-5979. [PMID: 30148822 PMCID: PMC6122273 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) limits the wider application of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We explored the relationship between the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and aGVHD and identified effective and efficient therapeutic targets for the prevention and management of aGVHD following HSCT. Material/Methods C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were used to establish the aGVHD model. The bone marrow and spleen mononuclear cells were separated from the donor mice and injected into the caudal vein of recipient mice that had undergone total body irradiation (TBI, 8 Gy). Sulforaphane (SFN) was used to activate the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Results The long-term survival rate of the SFN group was higher than that of the control group (40% vs. 0%, p<0.05, n=10). There were worse pathological changes and a greater infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver, small intestine, and lung tissues of the control group. Furthermore, the Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 mRNA and protein levels were higher in the small intestines of the SFN group than in the control group (p<0.05, n=4). Conclusions The Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway plays a vital role in preventing aGVHD in an HSCT mouse model by regulating the expression of the downstream antioxidant genes NQO1 and HO-1 and by inhibiting the local inflammatory reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yi
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland).,Department of Hematology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Erhua Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yunfeng Fu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jieping Li
- Department of Hematology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Tiebin Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Prabhu KS, Siveen KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Iskandarani AN, Khan AQ, Merhi M, Omri HE, Dermime S, El-Elimat T, Oberlies NH, Alali FQ, Uddin S. Greensporone C, a Freshwater Fungal Secondary Metabolite Induces Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death in Leukemic Cell Lines. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:720. [PMID: 30061828 PMCID: PMC6054921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer are known to develop resistance against cancer cells. Hence, there is a continuing need to investigate novel agents for the treatment and management of cancer. Antitumor activity of greensporone C (GC), a new resorcylic acid lactone isolated from an organic extract of a culture of a Halenospora sp. freshwater fungus, was subjected for screening against a panel of leukemic cell lines (K562, U937, and AR320). In all the three cell lines, cell proliferation was inhibited in dose-dependent fashion. GC further arrested the cells in SubG0 phase in dose-dependent manner. Annexin V/PI dual staining data confirmed apoptotic death of treated K562 and U937 leukemic cells. Treatment with GC suppressed constitutively phosphorylated AKT and downregulated expression of inhibitor of apoptotic proteins XIAP, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2. In summation to this, GC-treated leukemic cells upregulated protein expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax with concomitant decrease in expression of anti-apoptotic proteins including Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Upregulation of Bax was associated with cytochrome c release which was confirmed from the collapse of mitochondrial membrane. Released cytochrome c further activated caspase cascade which in turn initiated apoptosis process. Anticancer activity of this isolated fungal compound GC was potentiated via stimulating production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in K562 and U937 leukemic cells. Pretreatment of these cells with N-acetyl cysteine prevented GC-induced depletion of reduced GSH level and mitochondrial-caspase-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our data show that GC modulates the apoptotic response of human leukemic cells and raises the possibility of its use as a novel therapeutic strategy for hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmad N Iskandarani
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Halima E Omri
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nrf2 as regulator of innate immunity: A molecular Swiss army knife! Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:358-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
38
|
Noel S, Lee SA, Sadasivam M, Hamad ARA, Rabb H. KEAP1 Editing Using CRISPR/Cas9 for Therapeutic NRF2 Activation in Primary Human T Lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1929-1936. [PMID: 29352001 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidant stress modifies T lymphocyte activation and function. Previous work demonstrated that murine T cell-specific kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) deletion enhances antioxidant capacity and protects from experimental acute kidney injury. In this study, we used CRISPR technology to develop clinically translatable human T cell-specific KEAP1 deletion. Delivery of KEAP1 exon 2 specific Cas9:guide RNA in Jurkat T cells led to significant (∼70%) editing and upregulation of NRF2-regulated antioxidant genes NADPH dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) (up to 11-fold), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) (up to 11-fold), and GCLM (up to 2-fold). In primary human T cells, delivery of KEAP1 exon 2 target site 2-specific ATTO 550-labeled Cas9:guide RNA edited KEAP1 in ∼40% cells and significantly (p ≤ 0.04) increased NQO1 (16-fold), HO1 (9-fold), and GCLM (2-fold) expression. To further enrich KEAP1-edited cells, ATTO 550-positive cells were sorted 24 h after electroporation. Assessment of ATTO 550-positive cells showed KEAP1 editing in ∼55% cells. There was no detectable off-target cleavage in the top three predicted genes in the ATTO 550-positive cells. Gene expression analysis found significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher expression of NQO1 mRNA in ATTO 550-positive cells compared with control cells. Flow cytometric assessment showed increased (p ≤ 0.01) frequency of CD4-, CD25-, and CD69-expressing KEAP1 edited cells whereas frequency of CD8- (p ≤ 0.01) and IL-17- (p ≤ 0.05) expressing cells was reduced compared with control cells. Similar experimental conditions resulted in significant KEAP1 editing, increased antioxidant gene expression, and frequency of CD69 and IL-10 positive cells in highly enriched KEAP1-edited regulatory T cells. KEAP1-edited T cells could potentially be used for treating multiple human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Noel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - Sul A Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | | | - Abdel R A Hamad
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang J, Liu P, Xin S, Wang Z, Li J. Nrf2 suppresses the function of dendritic cells to facilitate the immune escape of glioma cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
40
|
VanDenBerg KR, Freeborn RA, Liu S, Kennedy RC, Zagorski JW, Rockwell CE. Inhibition of early T cell cytokine production by arsenic trioxide occurs independently of Nrf2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185579. [PMID: 29049341 PMCID: PMC5648109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a stress-activated transcription factor that induces a variety of cytoprotective genes. Nrf2 also mediates immunosuppressive effects in multiple inflammatory models. Upon activation, Nrf2 dissociates from its repressor protein, Keap1, and translocates to the nucleus where it induces Nrf2 target genes. The Nrf2-Keap1 interaction is disrupted by the environmental toxicant and chemotherapeutic agent arsenic trioxide (ATO). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of ATO on early events of T cell activation and the role of Nrf2 in those effects. The Nrf2 target genes Hmox-1, Nqo-1, and Gclc were all upregulated by ATO (1–2 μM) in splenocytes derived from wild-type, but not Nrf2-null, mice, suggesting that Nrf2 is activated by ATO in splenocytes. ATO also inhibited IFNγ, IL-2, and GM-CSF mRNA and protein production in wild-type splenocytes activated with the T cell activator, anti-CD3/anti-CD28. However, ATO also decreased production of these cytokines in activated splenocytes from Nrf2-null mice, suggesting the inhibition is independent of Nrf2. Interestingly, ATO inhibited TNFα protein secretion, but not mRNA expression, in activated splenocytes suggesting the inhibition is due to post-transcriptional modification. In addition, c-Fos DNA binding was significantly diminished by ATO in wild-type and Nrf2-null splenocytes activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28, consistent with the observed inhibition of cytokine production by ATO. Collectively, this study suggests that although ATO activates Nrf2 in splenocytes, inhibition of early T cell cytokine production by ATO occurs independently of Nrf2 and may instead be due to impaired AP-1 DNA binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R. VanDenBerg
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Freeborn
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rebekah C. Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Joseph W. Zagorski
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cheryl E. Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen C, Jiang X, Gu S, Lai Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Protection of Nrf2 against arsenite-induced oxidative damage is regulated by the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2004-2020. [PMID: 27774770 PMCID: PMC5403658 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite has been shown to induce a variety of oxidative damage in mammalian cells. However, the mechanisms underlying cellular responses to its adverse effects remain unknown. We previously showed that the level of Nrf2, a nuclear transcription factor significantly increased in arsenite-treated human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells suggesting that Nrf2 is involved in responding to arsenite-induced oxidative damage. To explore how Nrf2 can impact arsenite-induced oxidative damage, in this study, we examined Nrf2 activation and its regulation upon cellular arsenite exposure as well as its effects on arsenite-induced oxidative damage in HBE cells. We found that Nrf2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased by arsenite in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, we showed that over-expression of Nrf2 significantly reduced the level of arsenite-induced oxidative damage in HBE cells including DNA damage, chromosomal breakage, lipid peroxidation and depletion of antioxidants. This indicates a protective role of Nrf2 against arsenite toxicity. This was further supported by the fact that activation of Nrf2 by its agonists, tertiary butylhydroquinone (t-BHQ) and sulforaphane (SFN) resulted in the same protective effects against arsenite toxicity. Moreover, we demonstrated that arsenite-induced activation of Nrf2 was mediated by the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway. This is the first evidence showing that Nrf2 protects against arsenite-induced oxidative damage through the cGMP-PKG pathway. Our study suggests that activation of Nrf2 through the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway in HBE cells may be developed as a new strategy for prevention of arsenite toxicity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 2004-2020, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Gu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Corresponding authors: Zunzhen Zhang, Ph.D., Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China. ; Tel: +86 028 85501298; Fax: +86 028 85501295, Yuan Liu, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA ; Tel: 305-348-3628; Fax: 305-348-3772
| | - Zunzhen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding authors: Zunzhen Zhang, Ph.D., Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China. ; Tel: +86 028 85501298; Fax: +86 028 85501295, Yuan Liu, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA ; Tel: 305-348-3628; Fax: 305-348-3772
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Finley J. Elimination of cancer stem cells and reactivation of latent HIV-1 via AMPK activation: Common mechanism of action linking inhibition of tumorigenesis and the potential eradication of HIV-1. Med Hypotheses 2017; 104:133-146. [PMID: 28673572 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although promising treatments are currently in development to slow disease progression and increase patient survival, cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States. Cancer treatment modalities commonly include chemoradiation and therapies that target components of aberrantly activated signaling pathways. However, treatment resistance is a common occurrence and recent evidence indicates that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) may underlie the limited efficacy and inability of current treatments to effectuate a cure. CSCs, which are largely resistant to chemoradiation therapy, are a subpopulation of cancer cells that exhibit characteristics similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), including self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, and the ability to initiate tumorigenesis. Interestingly, intracellular mechanisms that sustain quiescence and promote self-renewal in adult stem cells (ASCs) and CSCs likely also function to maintain latency of HIV-1 in CD4+ memory T cells. Although antiretroviral therapy is highly effective in controlling HIV-1 replication, the persistence of latent but replication-competent proviruses necessitates the development of compounds that are capable of selectively reactivating the latent virus, a method known as the "shock and kill" approach. Homeostatic proliferation in central CD4+ memory T (TCM) cells, a memory T cell subset that exhibits limited self-renewal and differentiation and is a primary reservoir for latent HIV-1, has been shown to reinforce and stabilize the latent reservoir in the absence of T cell activation and differentiation. HIV-1 has also been found to establish durable and long-lasting latency in a recently discovered subset of CD4+ T cells known as T memory stem (TSCM) cells. TSCM cells, compared to TCM cells, exhibit stem cell properties that more closely match those of ESCs and ASCs, including self-renewal and differentiation into all memory T cell subsets. It is our hypothesis that activation of AMPK, a master regulator of cellular metabolism that plays a critical role in T cell activation and differentiation of ESCs and ASCs, will lead to both T cell activation-induced latent HIV-1 reactivation, facilitating virus destruction, as well as "activation", differentiation, and/or apoptosis of CSCs, thus inhibiting tumorigenesis. We also propose the novel observation that compounds that have been shown to both facilitate latent HIV-1 reactivation and promote CSC differentiation/apoptosis (e.g. bryostatin-1, JQ1, metformin, butyrate, etc.) likely do so through a common mechanism of AMPK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahahreeh Finley
- Finley BioSciences, 9900 Richmond Avenue, #823, Houston, TX 77042-4539, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zagorski JW, Maser TP, Liby KT, Rockwell CE. Nrf2-Dependent and -Independent Effects of tert-Butylhydroquinone, CDDO-Im, and H 2O 2 in Human Jurkat T Cells as Determined by CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:259-267. [PMID: 28280124 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a stress-activated transcription factor activated by stimuli such as electrophilic compounds and other reactive xenobiotics. Previously, we have shown that the commonly used food additive and Nrf2 activator tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) suppresses interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, CD25 expression, and NFκB activity in human Jurkat T cells. The purpose of the current studies was to determine whether these effects were dependent upon Nrf2 by developing a human Nrf2-null T cell model using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 technology. The current studies show that suppression of CD25 expression by tBHQ is partially dependent on Nrf2, whereas inhibition of IL-2 secretion is largely Nrf2-independent. Interestingly, tBHQ inhibited NFκB activation in an Nrf2-independent manner. This was an unexpected finding since Nrf2 inhibits NFκB activation in other models. These results led us to investigate another more potent Nrf2 activator, the synthetic triterpenoid 1[2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole (CDDO-Im). Treatment of wild-type and Nrf2-null Jurkat T cells with CDDO-Im resulted in an Nrf2-dependent suppression of IL-2. Furthermore, susceptibility to reactive oxygen species was significantly enhanced in the Nrf2-null clones as determined by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and cell viability. Importantly, this study is the first to describe the generation of a human Nrf2-null model, which is likely to have multiple applications in immunology and cancer biology. Collectively, this study demonstrates a role for Nrf2 in the effects of CDDO-Im on CD25 and IL-2 expression, whereas the effect of tBHQ on these parameters is complex and likely involves modulation of multiple stress-activated transcription factors, including NFκB and Nrf2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Zagorski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.W.Z., T.P.M., K.T.L., C.E.R.), Institute for Integrated Toxicology (J.W.Z., C.E.R.), and Cell and Molecular Biology Program (J.W.Z. C.E.R.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Tyler P Maser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.W.Z., T.P.M., K.T.L., C.E.R.), Institute for Integrated Toxicology (J.W.Z., C.E.R.), and Cell and Molecular Biology Program (J.W.Z. C.E.R.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Karen T Liby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.W.Z., T.P.M., K.T.L., C.E.R.), Institute for Integrated Toxicology (J.W.Z., C.E.R.), and Cell and Molecular Biology Program (J.W.Z. C.E.R.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.W.Z., T.P.M., K.T.L., C.E.R.), Institute for Integrated Toxicology (J.W.Z., C.E.R.), and Cell and Molecular Biology Program (J.W.Z. C.E.R.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Drug Transporter Expression and Activity in Human Hepatoma HuH-7 Cells. Pharmaceutics 2016; 9:pharmaceutics9010003. [PMID: 28036031 PMCID: PMC5374369 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hepatoma cells may represent a valuable alternative to the use of human hepatocytes for studying hepatic drug transporters, which is now a regulatory issue during drug development. In the present work, we have characterized hepatic drug transporter expression, activity and regulation in human hepatoma HuH-7 cells, in order to determine the potential relevance of these cells for drug transport assays. HuH-7 cells displayed notable multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) activity, presumed to reflect expression of various hepatic MRPs, including MRP2. By contrast, they failed to display functional activities of the uptake transporters sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP), organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) and organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), and of the canalicular transporters P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Concomitantly, mRNA expressions of various sinusoidal and canalicular hepatic drug transporters were not detected (NTCP, OATP1B1, organic anion transporter 2 (OAT2), OCT1 and bile salt export pump) or were found to be lower (OATP1B3, OATP2B1, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1, BCRP and MRP3) in hepatoma HuH-7 cells than those found in human hepatocytes, whereas other transporters such as OAT7, MRP4 and MRP5 were up-regulated. HuH-7 cells additionally exhibited farnesoid X receptor (FXR)- and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-related up-regulation of some transporters. Such data indicate that HuH-7 cells, although expressing rather poorly some main hepatic drug transporters, may be useful for investigating interactions of drugs with MRPs, notably MRP2, and for studying FXR- or Nrf2-mediated gene regulation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Trypsteen W, Mohammadi P, Van Hecke C, Mestdagh P, Lefever S, Saeys Y, De Bleser P, Vandesompele J, Ciuffi A, Vandekerckhove L, De Spiegelaere W. Differential expression of lncRNAs during the HIV replication cycle: an underestimated layer in the HIV-host interplay. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36111. [PMID: 27782208 PMCID: PMC5080576 DOI: 10.1038/srep36111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the effects of HIV infection on the host transcriptome has typically focused on protein-coding genes. However, recent advances in the field of RNA sequencing revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) add an extensive additional layer to the cell’s molecular network. Here, we performed transcriptome profiling throughout a primary HIV infection in vitro to investigate lncRNA expression at the different HIV replication cycle processes (reverse transcription, integration and particle production). Subsequently, guilt-by-association, transcription factor and co-expression analysis were performed to infer biological roles for the lncRNAs identified in the HIV-host interplay. Many lncRNAs were suggested to play a role in mechanisms relying on proteasomal and ubiquitination pathways, apoptosis, DNA damage responses and cell cycle regulation. Through transcription factor binding analysis, we found that lncRNAs display a distinct transcriptional regulation profile as compared to protein coding mRNAs, suggesting that mRNAs and lncRNAs are independently modulated. In addition, we identified five differentially expressed lncRNA-mRNA pairs with mRNA involvement in HIV pathogenesis with possible cis regulatory lncRNAs that control nearby mRNA expression and function. Altogether, the present study demonstrates that lncRNAs add a new dimension to the HIV-host interplay and should be further investigated as they may represent targets for controlling HIV replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Trypsteen
- Department of Internal Medicine, HIV Cure Research Centre, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pejman Mohammadi
- Institute of Microbiology (IMUL), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa Van Hecke
- Department of Internal Medicine, HIV Cure Research Centre, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Yvan Saeys
- Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Bleser
- Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Angela Ciuffi
- Institute of Microbiology (IMUL), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- Department of Internal Medicine, HIV Cure Research Centre, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Internal Medicine, HIV Cure Research Centre, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jin XL, Wang K, Liu L, Liu HY, Zhao FQ, Liu JX. Nuclear factor-like factor 2-antioxidant response element signaling activation by tert-butylhydroquinone attenuates acute heat stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9094-9103. [PMID: 27592432 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the upstream promoter region of many antioxidative genes. The Nrf2-ARE signaling plays a key role in the cellular antioxidant-defense system, but whether Nrf2 activation has protective effects against heat shock (HS) stress in mammary epithelial cells (MEC) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a well-known Nrf2 activator, could attenuate heat stress-induced cell damage in MAC-T cells of the bovine MEC line. The MAC-T cells were exposed to HS (42.5°C for 1h) followed by recovery at 37°C to mimic HS. Compared with cells that were consistently cultured at normothermia (37°C), the cell viability levels significantly decreased after HS stress. In parallel, heat stress increased the reactive oxygen species levels and induced cellular apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The MAC-T cells that were pretreated with tBHQ (10μM) for 2h followed by HS had a reduction in the loss of cell viability. The tBHQ pretreatment significantly decreased cellular reactive oxygen species levels and stress-related marker gene expression. The tBHQ-treated MAC-T cells showed strong Nrf2-ARE signaling activation and a nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and upregulated expression of Nrf2-ARE downstream genes. Small interfering RNA silencing of Nrf2 in HS-treated MAC-T cells almost completely abolished the cytoprotective effects by tBHQ. Overall, our results demonstrated that HS could cause cell damage in cultured bovine MEC, and that activation of Nrf2 by tBHQ could attenuate HS-induced cell damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X L Jin
- Institute of Dairy Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - K Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - L Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - H Y Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - F-Q Zhao
- Institute of Dairy Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China; Laboratory of Lactation and Metabolic Physiology, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vnukov VV, Gutsenko OI, Milutina NP, Ananyan AA, Danilenko AO, Panina SB, Kornienko IV. Influence of SkQ1 on Expression of Nrf2 Transcription Factor Gene, ARE-Controlled Genes of Antioxidant Enzymes and Their Activity in Rat Blood Leukocytes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:586-91. [PMID: 26071777 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915050107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that pretreatment of rats with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (50 nmol/kg during 5 days) significantly increased the mRNA levels of Nrf2 transcription factor and Nrf2-induced genes encoding antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPx4 in rat peripheral blood leukocytes. The increase in expression of these genes with SkQ1 addition was accompanied by increased activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase in leukocytes. These results indicate that antioxidant properties of SkQ1 might be realized via induction of expression of the genes regulating activity of antioxidant system elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Vnukov
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhao H, Hao S, Xu H, Ma L, Zhang Z, Ni Y, Yu L. Protective role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the hemorrhagic shock-induced inflammatory response. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1014-22. [PMID: 26935388 PMCID: PMC4790708 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) following trauma or major surgery significantly contributes to mortality. However, the mechanisms through which HS activates the inflammatory response are not yet fully understood. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (NF-E2) p45-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a bZIP transcription factor, is a master regulator of robust cytoprotective defenses. The present study investigated the role of Nrf2 in the pathophysiology of HS. Nrf2 expression in peripheral leukocytes obtained from patients with surgery-associated hemorrhage subjected to resuscitation treatment (termed HS patients) or healthy donors was examined by RT-qPCR. A marked increase in Nrf2 expression was detected in the leukocytes obtained from the HS patients, which indicates a correlation between Nrf2 expression and the development of HS. Wild-type (WT; Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2-deficient [Nrf2−/− or Nrf2-knockout (KO)] mice were subjected to surgery to induce HS. Systemic inflammation was significantly elevated in the Nrf2-KO mice compared with the WT mice following HS, as assessed by an increase in serum cytokine levels [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β], as well as high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) expression. The Nrf2-KO mice exhibited more severe lung and liver injury following HS as evidenced by increased tissue damage, increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, Nrf2 deficiency augmented cytokine production induced by the exposure of peritoneal mouse macrophages to lipopolysaccha-ride (LPS) following HS. Taken together, these results suggest that Nrf2 is a critical host factor which limits immune dysregulation and organ injury following HS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haige Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Sijing Hao
- Institute of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Eye Center of the Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Ni
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Luyang Yu
- Institute of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by targeting GSK3β/Nrf-2 and NF-κB pathways in T cells. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
50
|
Macoch M, Morzadec C, Génard R, Pallardy M, Kerdine-Römer S, Fardel O, Vernhet L. Nrf2-dependent repression of interleukin-12 expression in human dendritic cells exposed to inorganic arsenic. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:381-390. [PMID: 25680285 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic, a well-known Nrf2 inducer, exerts immunosuppressive properties. In this context, we recently reported that the differentiation of human blood monocytes into immature dendritic cells (DCs), in the presence of low and noncytotoxic concentrations of arsenic, represses the ability of DCs to release key cytokines in response to different stimulating agents. Particularly, arsenic inhibits the expression of human interleukin-12 (IL-12, also named IL-12p70), a major proinflammatory cytokine that controls the differentiation of Th1 lymphocytes. In the present study, we determined if Nrf2 could contribute to these arsenic immunotoxic effects. To this goal, human monocyte-derived DCs were first differentiated in the absence of metalloid and then pretreated with arsenic just before DC stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Under these experimental conditions, arsenic rapidly and stably activates Nrf2 and increases the expression of Nrf2 target genes. It also significantly inhibits IL-12 expression in activated DCs, at both mRNA and protein levels. Particularly, arsenic reduces mRNA levels of IL12A and IL12B genes which encodes the p35 and p40 subunits of IL-12p70, respectively. tert-Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a reference Nrf2 inducer, mimics arsenic effects and potently inhibits IL-12 expression. Genetic inhibition of Nrf2 expression markedly prevents the repression of both IL12 mRNA and IL-12 protein levels triggered by arsenic and tBHQ in human LPS-stimulated DCs. In addition, arsenic significantly reduces IL-12 mRNA levels in LPS-activated bone marrow-derived DCs from Nrf2+/+ mice but not in DCs from Nrf2-/- mice. Finally, we show that, besides IL-12, arsenic significantly reduces the expression of IL-23, another heterodimer containing the p40 subunit. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that arsenic represses IL-12 expression in human-activated DCs by specifically stimulating Nrf2 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélinda Macoch
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Claudie Morzadec
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Romain Génard
- INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France; UniverSud, INSERM, UMR-996 "Cytokines, chemokines and immunopathology", Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Marc Pallardy
- INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France; UniverSud, INSERM, UMR-996 "Cytokines, chemokines and immunopathology", Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Saadia Kerdine-Römer
- INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France; UniverSud, INSERM, UMR-996 "Cytokines, chemokines and immunopathology", Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rennes, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Vernhet
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|