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Hlozkova K, Vasylkivska M, Boufersaoui A, Marzullo B, Kolarik M, Alquezar-Artieda N, Shaikh M, Faradonbeh FA, Zaliova M, Zwyrtkova M, Bakardijeva-Mihaylova V, Alberich-Jorda M, Trka J, Tennant DA, Starkova J. Rewired glutamate metabolism diminishes cytostatic action of L-asparaginase. Cancer Lett 2024:217242. [PMID: 39270769 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cells often adapt to amino acid deprivation through metabolic rewiring, compensating for the loss with alternative amino acids/substrates. We have described such a scenario in leukemic cells treated with L-asparaginase (ASNase). Clinical effect of ASNase is based on nutrient stress achieved by its dual enzymatic action which leads to depletion of asparagine and glutamine and is accompanied with elevated aspartate and glutamate concentrations in serum of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. We showed that in these limited conditions glutamate uptake compensates for the loss of glutamine availability. Extracellular glutamate flux detection confirms its integration into the TCA cycle and its participation in nucleotide and glutathione synthesis. Importantly, it is glutamate-driven de novo synthesis of glutathione which is the essential metabolic pathway necessary for glutamate's pro-survival effect. In vivo findings support this effect by showing that inhibition of glutamate transporters enhances the therapeutic effect of ASNase. In summary, ASNase induces elevated extracellular glutamate levels under nutrient stress, which leads to a rewiring of intracellular glutamate metabolism and has a negative impact on ASNase treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hlozkova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Maryna Vasylkivska
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Boufersaoui
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Marzullo
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matus Kolarik
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natividad Alquezar-Artieda
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mehak Shaikh
- Laboratory of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fatemeh Alaei Faradonbeh
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zaliova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Zwyrtkova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Violeta Bakardijeva-Mihaylova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Meritxell Alberich-Jorda
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trka
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Starkova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Sabi EM, AlAfaleq NO, Mujamammi AH, Al-Shouli ST, Althafar ZM, Bin Dahman LS, Sumaily KM. Gramine Exerts Cytoprotective Effects and Antioxidant Properties Against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in HEK 293 Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3471-3487. [PMID: 37668758 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused due to the perturbations in the oxidant-antioxidant system can damage molecules and cause cellular alteration leading to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. This study was designed and performed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of an alkaloid, gramine on H2O2-induced oxidative stress on HEK 293 cells. Cell viability and morphometric analysis of cells treated with H2O2 and gramine were studied. Oxidative stress and inflammatory and antioxidant enzymes such as ROS, LPO, NO, SOD, GSH, and CAT were analyzed. Furthermore, mRNA expression of SOD, CAT, and COX-2 was also evaluated. H2O2 at concentration > 0.3 mM and gramine at concentration > 80 μg/mL affect the proliferation. Viability and morphometric analysis showed that gramine has protective effects. Treating cells with gramine suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory enzymes, whereas antioxidant enzymes were enhanced. SOD and CAT mRNA levels were overexpressed and COX-2 mRNA levels were decreased in the treated groups. Gramine possesses effective antioxidant potential and can regulate oxidative stress and damages associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa M Sabi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nouf O AlAfaleq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Mujamammi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia T Al-Shouli
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad M Althafar
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Alquwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi S Bin Dahman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, 50511, Yemen
| | - Khalid M Sumaily
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Sun Y, Jin L, Qin Y, Ouyang Z, Zhong J, Zeng Y. Harnessing Mitochondrial Stress for Health and Disease: Opportunities and Challenges. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:394. [PMID: 38927274 PMCID: PMC11200414 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, essential organelles orchestrating cellular metabolism, have emerged as central players in various disease pathologies. Recent research has shed light on mitohormesis, a concept proposing an adaptive response of mitochondria to minor disturbances in homeostasis, offering novel therapeutic avenues for mitochondria-related diseases. This comprehensive review explores the concept of mitohormesis, elucidating its induction mechanisms and occurrence. Intracellular molecules like reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium, mitochondrial unfolded proteins (UPRmt), and integrated stress response (ISR), along with external factors such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), physical stimuli, and exercise, play pivotal roles in regulating mitohormesis. Based on the available evidence, we elucidate how mitohormesis maintains mitochondrial homeostasis through mechanisms like mitochondrial quality control and mitophagy. Furthermore, the regulatory role of mitohormesis in mitochondria-related diseases is discussed. By envisioning future applications, this review underscores the significance of mitohormesis as a potential therapeutic target, paving the way for innovative interventions in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.S.); (L.J.); (Y.Q.); (Z.O.); (J.Z.)
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Li Y, Bing R, Liu M, Shang Z, Huang Y, Zhou K, Bao D, Zhou J. Can molecular hydrogen supplementation reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1328705. [PMID: 38590828 PMCID: PMC10999621 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1328705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Exercise-induced oxidative stress affects multiple neurophysiological processes, diminishing the exercise performance. Hydrogen (H2) can selectively reduce excessive free radicals, but studies observed its "dual effects" on exercise-induced oxidative stress, that is, increasing or decreasing the oxidative stress. Therefore, we here conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the influence of H2 on exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy adults. Methods We conducted a systematic review of publications across five databases. The following keywords were used for search strategy: ["hydrogen"[Mesh] or "molecular hydrogen" or "hydrogen rich water" or "hydrogen-rich water" or "hydrogen rich saline"] and ["Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] or "Antioxidative Stress" or "Oxidative Damage" or "Oxidative Injury" or "Oxidative Cleavage"] and ["randomized controlled trial"[Mesh] or "randomized" or "RCT"]. We included trials reporting the effects of H2 on exercise-induced oxidative stress and potential antioxidant capacity post-exercise in healthy adults. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to explore how various elements of the intervention design affected those outcomes. Results Six studies, encompassing seven experiments with a total of 76 participants, were included in our analysis. Among these studies, hydrogen-rich water, hydrogen bathing, and hydrogen-rich gas were three forms used in H2 administration. The H2 was applied in different timing, including before, during, or after exercise only, both before and after exercise, and repeatedly over days. Single-dose, multi-dose within 1 day and/or multiple-dose over days were implemented. It was observed that compared to placebo, the effects of H2 on oxidative stress (diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites, d-ROMs) was not significant (SMD = -0.01, 95%CI-0.42 to 0.39, p = 0.94). However, H2 induced greater improvement in antioxidant potential capacity (Biological Antioxidant Potential, BAP) (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.54, p = 0.03) as compared to placebo. Subgroup analyses revealed that H2 supplementation showed greater improvement (SMD = 0.52, 95%CI 0.16 to 0.87, p = 0.02) in the antioxidant potential capacity of intermittent exercises than continuous exercise. Conclusion H2 supplementation can help enhance antioxidant potential capacity in healthy adults, especially in intermittent exercise, but not directly diminish the levels of exercise-induced oxidative stress. Future studies with more rigorous design are needed to examine and confirm these findings. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=364123, Identifier CRD42022364123.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Li
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Renjie Bing
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Sports Coaching, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangyuting Shang
- College of Physical Education and Health Management, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Shichahai Sports School, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- College of Physical Education and Health Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Bao
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hebrew SeniorLife Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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García-Giménez JL, Cánovas-Cervera I, Pallardó FV. Oxidative stress and metabolism meet epigenetic modulation in physical exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:123-137. [PMID: 38199289 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise is established as an important factor of health and generally is recommended for its positive effects on several tissues, organs, and systems. These positive effects come from metabolic adaptations that also include oxidative eustress, in which physical activity increases ROS production and antioxidant mechanisms, although this depends on the intensity of the exercise. Muscle metabolism through mechanisms such as aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative lipid metabolism can produce metabolites and co-factors which directly impact the epigenetic machinery. In this review, we clearly reinforce the evidence that exercise regulates several epigenetic mechanisms and explain how these mechanisms can be regulated by metabolic products and co-factors produced during exercise. In fact, recent evidence has demonstrated the importance of epigenetics in the gene expression changes implicated in metabolic adaptation after exercise. Importantly, intermediates of the metabolism generated by continuous, acute, moderate, or strenuous exercise control the activity of epigenetic enzymes, therefore turning on or turning off the gene expression of specific programs which can lead to physiological adaptations after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Giménez
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain; CIBERER, The Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Cánovas-Cervera
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain; CIBERER, The Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Halliwell B. Understanding mechanisms of antioxidant action in health and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:13-33. [PMID: 37714962 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Several different reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in vivo. They have roles in the development of certain human diseases whilst also performing physiological functions. ROS are counterbalanced by an antioxidant defence network, which functions to modulate ROS levels to allow their physiological roles whilst minimizing the oxidative damage they cause that can contribute to disease development. This Review describes the mechanisms of action of antioxidants synthesized in vivo, antioxidants derived from the human diet and synthetic antioxidants developed as therapeutic agents, with a focus on the gaps in our current knowledge and the approaches needed to close them. The Review also explores the reasons behind the successes and failures of antioxidants in treating or preventing human disease. Antioxidants may have special roles in the gastrointestinal tract, and many lifestyle features known to promote health (especially diet, exercise and the control of blood glucose and cholesterol levels) may be acting, at least in part, by antioxidant mechanisms. Certain reactive sulfur species may be important antioxidants but more accurate determinations of their concentrations in vivo are needed to help assess their contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Neurobiology Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Sabi EM, AlAfaleq NO, Mujamammi AH, Al-Shouli ST, Althafar ZM, Bin Dahman LS, Sumaily KM. Gramine Exerts Cytoprotective Effects and Antioxidant Properties Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in HEK 293 Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
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Dun Y, Hu Z, You B, Du Y, Zeng L, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wu S, Cui N, Yang F, Liu S. Exercise prevents fatal stress-induced myocardial injury in obese mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1223423. [PMID: 37711889 PMCID: PMC10497866 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1223423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to explore whether aerobic exercise (AE) can prevent fatal stress-induced myocardial injury. Methods Thirty C57BL/6J mice were divided into either a normal diet, high-fat diet, or high-fat diet plus AE (n=10 per group). The AE protocol consisted of eight weeks of swimming. At the end of the diet and AE interventions, the mice were stimulated with fatal stress caused by exhaustive exercise (forced weight-loaded swimming until exhaustion), after which cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography, myocardial ultrastructure was examined using transmission electron microscopy, and myocardial apoptosis was assessed using western blotting and TUNEL. Mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, and activation of the macrophage migration inhibitor factor (MIF)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway were evaluated using quantitative PCR and western blotting. Obesity phenotypes were assessed once per week. Results AE reversed high-fat diet-induced obesity as evidenced by reductions in body weight and visceral fat compared to obese mice without AE. Obesity exacerbated fatal stress-induced myocardial damage, as demonstrated by impaired left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial structure. The apoptotic rate was also elevated upon fatal stress, and AE ameliorated this damage. Obesity suppressed mitophagy, mitochondrial fission and fusion, and mitochondrial biogenesis, and these effects were accompanied by suppression of the MIF/AMPK pathway in the myocardium of mice subjected to fatal stress. AE alleviated or reversed these effects. Conclusion This study provides evidence that AE ameliorated fatal stress-induced myocardial injury in obese mice. The cardioprotective effect of AE in obese mice might be attributed to improved mitochondrial quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoshan Dun
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Zihang Hu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyang You
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Du
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingfang Zeng
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ni Cui
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Rogers DR, Lawlor DJ, Moeller JL. Vitamin C Supplementation and Athletic Performance: A Review. Curr Sports Med Rep 2023; 22:255-259. [PMID: 37417662 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Many athletes utilize high-dose vitamin C supplementation to optimize athletic performance. A review of research over the past 10 years on the use of vitamin C and athletic performance show mixed results. Fourteen randomized control trials were reviewed. In most studies, vitamin C was used with at least one additional supplement, usually vitamin E. Three studies showed positive outcomes associated with decreased markers of muscle damage after intense exercise with some form of vitamin C supplementation. The remaining 11 articles showed either neutral or negative effects of high dose vitamin C supplementation on muscle damage, physical performance, perceived muscle soreness, and/or adaptations to training. Based on a lack of consistent data and potential for blunted physiologic adaptations to training, long-term high-dosage supplementation with vitamin C is not recommended. Athletes should obtain antioxidants through a nutrient-rich diet instead of through supplement use.
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Kim J. Effect of high-dose vitamin C and E supplementation on muscle recovery and training adaptation: a mini review. Phys Act Nutr 2023; 27:8-12. [PMID: 37583066 PMCID: PMC10440181 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to investigate the effects of high-dose vitamins C and E supplementation combined with acute or chronic exercise on muscle recovery and training adaptation. METHODS We used PubMed, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library databases to perform a literature search based on the keywords 'vitamin C, vitamin E, antioxidants, muscle recovery, training adaptation, and oxidative stress'. RESULTS Vitamin C or E supplementation has been reported to contribute to a reduction in oxidative stress and muscle damage; however, there is currently inadequate evidence of their positive effects on muscle recovery. Long-term vitamin C or E supplementation can have negative effects on physiological phenomena required for training adaptation, such as strength, muscle hypertrophy, and endurance. Numerous studies emphasized that an adequate diet consisting of fruits and vegetables is a more appropriate way of consuming antioxidants than supplementation. CONCLUSION The effects of high-dose vitamin C and E supplementation on post-exercise muscle recovery remain unclear and ambiguous, although there is evidence of potential negative effects on training adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Kim
- Department of Health Care Exercise, Seowon University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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11
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Yang S, He Q, Shi L, Wu Y. Impact of Antarctic krill oil supplementation on skeletal muscle injury recovery after resistance exercise. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1345-1356. [PMID: 36566465 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antarctic krill oil (KO) is a natural source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and is rich in phospholipids, Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), astaxanthin, flavonoids, vitamins, trace elements, and other bioactive substances. KO has been confirmed to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. n-3 PUFAs also have been purported to improve the recovery of muscular performance. Moreover, the phospholipids present in KO can enhance n-3 PUFA bioavailability because of its higher absorption rate in plasma compared to fish oil. Astaxanthin, found in Antarctic KO, is a red carotenoid and powerful antioxidant that inhibits oxidative stress after intense exercise. Hence, we examined the effect of KO supplementation on the recovery of exercise by measuring muscular performance, oxidant/antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and the markers of muscle damage following a rigorous bout of resistance exercise. METHODS 30 college-aged resistance-trained males (20.4 ± 0.92 years, 74.09 ± 7.23 kg, 180.13 ± 4.72 cm) were randomly supplemented with 3 g/d KO or placebo (PL) for 3 days and continued to consume after resistance exercise for 3 days until the experiment finished. Before supplementation, pre-exercise performance assessments of knee isokinetic strength, 20 m sprint, hexagon test, and blood serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were completed. Then after 3 days of supplementation, participants completed a bout of muscle-damaging exercise, and subsequently, they performed and repeated the exercise performance assessments and blood-related indicators tests immediately (0 h), as well as at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h post-muscle-damaging exercise. RESULTS Compared to the PL group, the serum CK of KO group was significantly lower at 24 h and 48 h post-exercise; the hexagon test time of the KO group was significantly lower than that of the PL group at 6 h and 24 h post-exercise; the KO group's isokinetic muscle strength showed different degrees of recovery than that of the PL group at 24 h and 48 h, and even over-recovery at 72 h post-exercise; the SOD level of the KO group was significantly higher than that of the PL group at 0, 6, and 24 h after exercise; the T-AOC level of the KO group was significantly higher than that of the PL group at 0, 6, and 72 h after exercise; the MDA level of the KO group was significantly lower than that of the PL group at 6 h; and there was no significant difference in serum IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α between the two groups. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that 3 g/d KO supplementation and continued supplementation after exercise can alleviate exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and promote post-exercise recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Yang
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qing He
- Aland Health Holding Ltd, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Wang Y, Chen X, Baker JS, Davison GW, Xu S, Zhou Y, Bao X. Astaxanthin promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant capacity in chronic high-intensity interval training. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1453-1466. [PMID: 36650315 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are required for exercise-induced molecular adaptations; however, excessive exercise may cause cellular oxidative distress. We postulate that astaxanthin (ASX) can neutralize oxidative distress and stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in high-intensity exercise-trained mice. METHODS Six-week-old mice (n = 8/group) were treated with ASX (10 mg/kg BW) or placebo. Training groups participated in 30 min/day high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for 6 weeks. Gastrocnemius muscle was collected and assayed following the exercise training period. RESULTS Compared to the HIIT control mice, the ASX-treated HIIT mice reduced malonaldehyde levels and upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and FOXO3a. Meanwhile, the genes NQO1 and GCLC, modulated by Nrf2, and SOD2, regulated by FOXO3a, and GPx4, were transcriptionally upregulated in the ASX-treated HIIT group. Meanwhile, the expression of energy sensors, AMPK, SIRT1, and SIRT3, increased in the ASX-treated HIIT group compared to the HIIT control group. Additionally, PGC-1α, regulated by AMPK and SIRT1, was upregulated in the ASX-treated HIIT group. Further, the increased PGC-1α stimulated the transcript of NRF1 and Tfam and mitochondrial proteins IDH2 and ATP50. Finally, the ASX-treated HIIT mice had upregulations in the transcript level of mitochondrial fusion factors, including Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1. However, the protein level of AMPK, SIRT1, and FOXO3a, and the transcript level of Nrf2, NQO1, PGC-1α, NRF1, Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1 decreased in the HIIT control group compared to the sedentary control group. CONCLUSION Supplementation with ASX can reduce oxidative stress and promote antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis during strenuous HIIT exercise in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Julien S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, 999077, HK, People's Republic of China
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Shujun Xu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingsong Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Mastali VP, Hoseini R, Azizi M. The effect of short-term vitamin D on the antioxidant capacity following exhaustive aerobic exercise. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:584-591. [PMID: 37545926 PMCID: PMC10398448 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exhaustive Aerobic Exercise (EAE) increases the production of free radicals and oxidative stress in the body. One of the most effective approaches to reduce EAE-induced oxidative stress is antioxidant supplementation. Objectives Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of short-term Vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation on antioxidant capacity in inactive men following an EAE session. Methods In this clinical trial, 24 non-athlete men were randomly divided into Experimental (Exp; n = 12) and Control (C; n = 12) groups. Exp received 2,000 IU of Vit D daily for six weeks (42 days), while C received a lactose placebo daily with the same color, shape, and warmth percentage. EAE sessions were performed on a treadmill before and after six weeks of supplementation. Results The results showed that EAE increased antioxidant capacity and Vit D (P<0.05). Compared with C, six weeks of Vit D supplementation significantly increased superoxide dismutase (P=0.001), glutathione peroxidase (P=0.011), catalase (P=0.018), peroxidase (P=0.001), and Vit D (P=0.001), in the Exp at the Post 2 stage. Conclusion Finally, short-term Vit D supplementation could be recommended to non-athlete men deciding to participate in EAE to prevent oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Parvizi Mastali
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azizi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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14
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Trettel CDS, Pelozin BRDA, Barros MP, Bachi ALL, Braga PGS, Momesso CM, Furtado GE, Valente PA, Oliveira EM, Hogervorst E, Fernandes T. Irisin: An anti-inflammatory exerkine in aging and redox-mediated comorbidities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1106529. [PMID: 36843614 PMCID: PMC9951776 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human beings lead largely sedentary lives. From an evolutionary perspective, such lifestyle is not beneficial to health. Exercise can promote many enabling pathways, particularly through circulating exerkines, to optimize individual health and quality of life. Such benefits might explain the protective effects of exercise against aging and noncommunicable diseases. Nevertheless, the miRNA-mediated molecular mechanisms and exerkine interorgan crosstalk that underlie the beneficial effects of exercise remain poorly understood. In this mini review, we focused on the exerkine, irisin, mainly produced by muscle contraction during adaptation to exercise and its beneficial effects on body homeostasis. Herein, the complex role of irisin in metabolism and inflammation is described, including its subsequent effects on thermogenesis through browning to control obesity and improve glycemic regulation for diabetes mellitus control, its potential to improve cognitive function (via brain derived neurotrophic factor), and its pathways of action and role in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio dos Santos Trettel
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rocha de Avila Pelozin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Paes Barros
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Gabriel Senger Braga
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids, Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Applied Research Institute, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2020), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education (FCDEF-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Afonso Valente
- Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Qiu Y, Fernández-García B, Lehmann HI, Li G, Kroemer G, López-Otín C, Xiao J. Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:8-35. [PMID: 36374766 PMCID: PMC9923435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health. Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases. It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions. Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health, including the integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations, recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations, homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, as well as repair and regeneration. Furthermore, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise. This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions. We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Benjamin Fernández-García
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Anatomy, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - H Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cáncer (CIBERONC), Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Calella P, Cerullo G, Di Dio M, Liguori F, Di Onofrio V, Gallè F, Liguori G. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of spirulina in exercise and sport: A systematic review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1048258. [PMID: 36590230 PMCID: PMC9795056 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1048258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis, also known as spirulina, is currently one of the most well-known algae supplements, mainly due to its high content of bioactive compounds that may promote human health. Some authors have hypothesized that spirulina consumption could protect subjects from exercise-induced oxidative stress, accelerate recovery by reducing muscle damage, and stimulate the immune system. Based on this, the main goal of this review was to critically analyze the effects of spirulina on oxidative stress, immune system, inflammation and performance in athletes and people undergoing exercise interventions. Of the 981 articles found, 428 studies were considered eligible and 13 met the established criteria and were included in this systematic review. Most recently spirulina supplementation has demonstrated ergogenic potential during submaximal exercise, increasing oxygen uptake and improving exercise tolerance. Nevertheless, spirulina supplementation does not seem to enhance physical performance in power athletes. Considering that data supporting benefits to the immune system from spirulina supplementation is still lacking, overall evidence regarding the benefit of spirulina supplementation in healthy people engaged in physical exercise is scarce and not consistent. Currently, spirulina supplementation might be considered in athletes who do not meet the recommended dietary intake of antioxidants. Further high-quality research is needed to evaluate the effects of spirulina consumption on performance, the immune system and recovery in athletes and active people. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=262896], identifier [CRD42021262896].
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Calella
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Giuseppe Cerullo,
| | - Mirella Di Dio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Liguori
- Department of Economics and Legal Studies, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Onofrio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
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17
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de Sousa BRV, de Lima Tavares Toscano L, de Almeida Filho EJB, Sena KF, Costa MS, de Souza Cunha RC, de Souza Siqueira Quintans J, Heimfarth L, Marques ATB, da Silva DF, de Campos LFCC, Persuhn DC, Silva AS. Purple grape juice improves performance of recreational runners, but the effect is genotype dependent: a double blind, randomized, controlled trial. GENES & NUTRITION 2022; 17:9. [PMID: 35655124 PMCID: PMC9164373 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-022-00710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background We examined the influence of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) Arg213Gly and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated α-Receptor (PPARα) 7G/C polymorphisms to a single dose of purple grape juice supplementation on time-to-exhaustion running test, redox balance and muscle damage in recreational runners. Methods Forty-seven male recreational runners performed a running test until exhaustion after supplementation with grape juice or a control drink. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma nitrite (NO), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured pre and post exercise. Also, polymorphisms were analyzed in DNA extracted from the oral mucosa. Results Grape juice improved the time-to-exhaustion. When analyzed by genotype, the recreational runners with GG+CG genotypes of the SOD3 gene had greater time-to-exhaustion than the CC genotype, but was no different for the PAPRα gene. A slight difference was noted in TAC, since the CC genotype of the SOD3 gene showed higher TAC values in the post-exercise compared to the baseline and with pre-exercise, but these values did not increase compared to the CG+GG group, respectively. The SOD3 and PPARα genes were similar at all times for the other biochemical variables. Conclusion The ergogenic effect of grape juice was genotype-dependent for SOD3 Arg213Gly. However, biochemical redox balance markers did not explain this difference.
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18
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Luo M, Lu J, Li C, Wen B, Chu W, Dang X, Zhang Y, An G, Wang J, Fan R, Chen X. Hydrogen improves exercise endurance in rats by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Genomics 2022; 114:110523. [PMID: 36423772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that hydrogen water has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on exercise-induced fatigue; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a pure water drinking group (NC) and a hydrogen water drinking group (HW) (n = 7), and 2-week treadmill training was used to establish a sports model. Gut bacterial community profiling was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The expression levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes and the levels of sugar metabolites and enzymes were measured. RESULTS The exercise tolerance of rats in the HW group significantly improved, and the distribution and diversity of intestinal microbes were altered. Hydrogen significantly upregulated genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis, possibly via the Pparγ/Pgc-1α/Tfam pathway. In addition, hydrogen effectively mediated the reprogramming of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION Our findings establish a critical role for hydrogen in improving endurance exercise performance by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis via the Pparγ/Pgc-1α/Tfam pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Luo
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Junyu Lu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Chao Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wenbin Chu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiangchen Dang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Gaihong An
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Central laboratory, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin 300380, China.
| | - Xuewei Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
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Guidara W, Messedi M, Naifar M, Charfi N, Grayaa S, Maalej M, Maalej M, Ayadi F. Predictive value of oxidative stress biomarkers in drug-free patients with bipolar disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2022; 76:539-550. [PMID: 34965843 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2021.2016954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress is one of the primary etiological mechanisms of bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS The present study was conducted over a period of 24 months on Tunisian on 34 drug‑free male patients with BD (mean age: 34.5 years) and 101 age and gender matched controls (mean age: 34.20 years) were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) and total thiols levels were significantly decreased in patients compared to controls (respectively p < .001; p = .009). In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls (PC) and homocysteine (Hcys) concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were significantly increased in patients compared to controls (p = .002; p < .001; p = .001; p < .001 and p = .016, respectively). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that MDA, AOPP and Hcys could be considered as independent risk factors for BD. When using CombiROC analysis, a remarkable increase in the area under the curve (AUC) with higher sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for MDA, AOPP, PC, GSH-Px and Hcys combined markers was observed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the identification of the predictive value of these five selected biomarkers related to oxidative stress in drug free patients should lead to a better identification of the etiological mechanism of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Guidara
- Laboratory of Research "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Messedi
- Laboratory of Research "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Naifar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Sfax & Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nada Charfi
- Psychiatry C- department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Grayaa
- Laboratory of Research "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Maalej
- Psychiatry C- department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Maalej
- Psychiatry C- department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Laboratory of Research "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Sfax & Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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20
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Nieri V, de Souza JF, Segato TCM, Caetano ÉLA, Leite FG, Chaud MV, Grotto D. Effects of Green Tea and Green Tea Incorporated in Nanoparticle Lyotropic Liquid Crystal on Exercise Adaptations: A High-Intensity Interval Training Pre-Clinical Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:3226. [PMID: 35956402 PMCID: PMC9370762 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea (GT) is a natural antioxidant, sensitive to oxidation after preparation. Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are nanostructured systems used to incorporate bioactive compounds. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a workout modality that increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, this research aimed to compare the effects of GT and GT loaded in LLC in animals subjected to HIIT, considering hematological, biochemical and histological parameters, redox status, and body mass. Monoolein, GT in infusion and Poloxamer 407 were mixed to obtain nanoparticles of LLC (NP-LLC). Healthy male rats were randomized into six groups (n = 6/group): Control (C), GT, GT-NP-LLC, Exercise (Ex), GT+Ex, GT-NP-LLC+Ex. Body weight was significantly lower in all groups subjected to HIIT compared to C. The percentages of body mass reduction were 11.3, 13.0, 10.0 and 11.0% for Ex, GT+Ex, GT-NP-LLC and GT-NP-LLC+Ex, respectively, compared to control. GT-NP-LLC and Ex reduced triglycerides compared to C. GT and GT-NP-LLC supplementation combined with HIIT presented higher muscle hypertrophy (25 and 21%, respectively), better physical conditioning, and reduced body weight gain rate compared to HIIT by itself. Moreover, the effects of GT-NP-LLC itself on body mass and biochemical parameters are promising, suggesting NP-LLC could improve the bioavailability of GT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Nieri
- Laboratory of Toxicologycal Research, University of Sorocaba, UNISO, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira de Souza
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba, UNISO, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Érika Leão Ajala Caetano
- Laboratory of Toxicologycal Research, University of Sorocaba, UNISO, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gomes Leite
- Laboratory of Toxicologycal Research, University of Sorocaba, UNISO, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Vinícius Chaud
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba, UNISO, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- Laboratory of Toxicologycal Research, University of Sorocaba, UNISO, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
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21
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Quinn KM, Roberts L, Cox AJ, Borg DN, Pennell EN, McKeating DR, Fisher JJ, Perkins AV, Minahan C. Blood oxidative stress biomarkers in women: influence of oral contraception, exercise, and N-acetylcysteine. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1949-1964. [PMID: 35674828 PMCID: PMC9287208 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To compare physiological responses to submaximal cycling and sprint cycling performance in women using oral contraceptives (WomenOC) and naturally cycling women (WomenNC) and to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation mediates these responses. Methods Twenty recreationally trained women completed five exercise trials (i.e., an incremental cycling test, a familiarisation trial, a baseline performance trial and two double-blind crossover intervention trials). During the intervention trials participants supplemented with NAC or a placebo 1 h before exercise. Cardiopulmonary parameters and blood biochemistry were assessed during 40 min of fixed-intensity cycling at 105% of gas-exchange threshold and after 1-km cycling time-trial. Results WomenOC had higher ventilation (β [95% CI] = 0.07 L·min−1 [0.01, 0.14]), malondialdehydes (β = 12.00 mmol·L−1 [6.82, 17.17]) and C-reactive protein (1.53 mg·L−1 [0.76, 2.30]), whereas glutathione peroxidase was lower (β = 22.62 mU·mL−1 [− 41.32, − 3.91]) compared to WomenNC during fixed-intensity cycling. Plasma thiols were higher at all timepoints after NAC ingestion compared to placebo, irrespective of group (all p < 0.001; d = 1.45 to 2.34). For WomenNC but not WomenOC, the exercise-induced increase in malondialdehyde observed in the placebo trial was blunted after NAC ingestion, with lower values at 40 min (p = 0.018; d = 0.73). NAC did not affect cycling time-trial performance. Conclusions Blood biomarkers relating to oxidative stress and inflammation are elevated in WomenOC during exercise. There may be an increased strain on the endogenous antioxidant system during exercise, since NAC supplementation in WomenOC did not dampen the exercise-induced increase in malondialdehyde. Future investigations should explore the impact of elevated oxidative stress on exercise adaptations or recovery from exercise in WomenOC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00421-022-04964-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlee M Quinn
- Griffith Sports Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia. .,Sport Performance Innovation and Knowledge Excellence Unit, Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Llion Roberts
- Griffith Sports Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.,Sport Performance Innovation and Knowledge Excellence Unit, Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Amanda J Cox
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - David N Borg
- The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Evan N Pennell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Daniel R McKeating
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Joshua J Fisher
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Anthony V Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Clare Minahan
- Griffith Sports Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
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Moslemi E, Dehghan P, Khani M, Sarbakhsh P, Sarmadi B. The effects of date seed (Phoenix dactylifera) supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress and aerobic and anaerobic performance following high-intensity interval training sessions: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-12. [PMID: 35832028 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an efficient method to improve vascular function, maximal oxygen consumption, and muscle mitochondrial capacity. However, acute HIIT overstresses the oxidative system and causes muscle soreness and damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of date seeds on exercise-induced oxidative stress and aerobic and anaerobic performance following HIIT sessions. Thirty-six physically active men and women aged 18-35 years were assigned to take 26 g/d of date seed powder (DSP, n 18) or wheat bran powder (placebo, n 18) before and after HIIT workouts for 14 d. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-iso-PGF2α were determined at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and 24-h post-intervention. We used the Cooper and running-based anaerobic sprint test to assess aerobic and anaerobic performance at the study's beginning and end. Independent-samples Student's t tests, ANCOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to compare the quantitative variables. Positive changes were observed in TAC, TOS, OSI, GPx, MDA and visual analogue scale after intervention and at 24-h post-exercise (P < 0·05). Likewise, peak power and fatigue index were significantly improved in DSP in comparison with the placebo group. Levels of SOD, uric acid, 8-iso-PGF2α, VO2 max and average power were not changed after training. Our results showed that date seed supplementation in active participants performing HIIT bouts ameliorated oxidative stress and improved performance parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Moslemi
- Student research committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khani
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Sarmadi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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23
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Meuffels FM, Isenmann E, Strube M, Lesch A, Oberste M, Brinkmann C. Exercise Interventions Combined With Dietary Supplements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients—A Systematic Review of Relevant Health Outcomes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:817724. [PMID: 35356737 PMCID: PMC8959696 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.817724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionPhysical training can improve several health variables in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A growing body of studies also finds a positive influence of dietary supplement (DS) intake. The aim of this review is to shed light on the possible effects of training interventions combined with DS intake in T2DM patients.MethodsA systematic search was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the PubMed and BISp Surf databases. Inclusion criteria were defined using the Patient-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome (PICO) scheme. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used for quality assessment and risk of bias analysis.ResultsTen controlled interventional studies with a total number of 643 subjects met the inclusion criteria. These studies investigated the effects of (a) vitamin D (VD), (b) VD + whey protein, (c) polyphenol containing antioxidant capsules, (d) creatine, (e) L-arginine, (f) leucine-rich amino acids, and (g) broccoli sprouts powder. Eight studies investigated effects on one or more of the following health outcomes: body mass index, fat mass, insulin resistance, glycemic control, lipid profile, oxidative stress/antioxidative capacity and/or inflammatory markers/molecules. Five of the studies show clear superior effects of physical training combined with DS intake (supplements a, b, c, e) on some of these variables compared with training only. However, one study indicates that VD intake might attenuate the training effects on triglyceride levels. Another study found that training + VD + whey protein intake increased tumor necrosis factor-α levels in T2DM patients. The effects of training combined with DS intake on renal function (supplement d) or incretin metabolism (supplement a) were investigated in two further studies. These studies do not show any additional effects of DS intake. The quality of the majority of the studies was high.ConclusionDS intake can potentially increase the benefits of physical training for specific health outcomes in T2DM patients. However, negative effects can also be observed. Possible cellular and molecular mechanisms behind potential synergistic or divergent effects of exercise training and DS use in T2DM should be explored in detail in future studies for the development of safe recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Maria Meuffels
- Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Isenmann
- IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Malte Strube
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessio Lesch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Oberste
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology (IMSB), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Brinkmann
- Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Brinkmann
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24
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Gurney T, Spendiff O. Algae Supplementation for Exercise Performance: Current Perspectives and Future Directions for Spirulina and Chlorella. Front Nutr 2022; 9:865741. [PMID: 35321288 PMCID: PMC8937016 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.865741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional clinical trials have reported algae such as spirulina and chlorella to have the capability to improve cardiovascular risk factors, anemia, immune function, and arterial stiffness. With positive results being reported in clinical trials, researchers are investigating the potential for algae as an ergogenic aid for athletes. Initial studies found spirulina and chlorella supplementation to increase peak oxygen uptake and time to exhaustion, with the mechanistic focus on the antioxidant capabilities of both algae. However, a number of oxidative stress biomarkers reported in these studies are now considered to lack robustness and have consequently provided equivocal results. Considering the nutrient complexity and density of these commonly found edible algae, there is a need for research to widen the scope of investigation. Most recently algae supplementation has demonstrated ergogenic potential during submaximal and repeated sprint cycling, yet a confirmed primary mechanism behind these improvements is still unclear. In this paper we discuss current algae supplementation studies and purported effects on performance, critically examine the antioxidant and ergogenic differing perspectives, and outline future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gurney
- *Correspondence: Tom Gurney, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-2960
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25
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Fovet T, Guilhot C, Delobel P, Chopard A, Py G, Brioche T. Ergothioneine Improves Aerobic Performance Without Any Negative Effect on Early Muscle Recovery Signaling in Response to Acute Exercise. Front Physiol 2022; 13:834597. [PMID: 35222093 PMCID: PMC8864143 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.834597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is now recognized as an essential element of healthy lifestyles. However, intensive and repeated exercise practice produces a high level of stress that must be managed, particularly oxidative damage and inflammation. Many studies investigated the effect of antioxidants, but reported only few positive effects, or even muscle recovery impairment. Secondary antioxidants are frequently highlighted as a way to optimize these interactions. Ergothioneine is a potential nutritional supplement and a secondary antioxidant that activates the cellular NRF2 pathway, leading to antioxidant response gene activation. Here, we hypothesized that ergothioneine could improve performance during aerobic exercise up to exhaustion and reduce exercise-related stress without impairing early muscle recovery signaling. To test this hypothesis, 5-month-old C56B6J female mice were divided in two groups matched for maximal aerobic speed (MAS): control group (Ctrl; n = 9) and group supplemented with 70 mg ergothioneine/kg/day (ET; n = 9). After 1 week of supplementation (or not), mice performed a maximum time-to-exhaustion test by running on a treadmill at 70% of their MAS, and gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were collected 2 h after exercise. Time to exhaustion was longer in the ET than Ctrl group (+41.22%, p < 0.01). Two hours after exercise, the ET group showed higher activation of protein synthesis and satellite cells, despite their longer effort. Conversely, expression in muscles of metabolic stress and inflammation markers was decreased, as well as oxidative damage markers in the ET group. Moreover, ergothioneine did not seem to impair mitochondrial recovery. These results suggest an important effect of ergothioneine on time-to-exhaustion performance and improved muscle recovery after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Fovet
- DMEM, INRAE, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Pierre Delobel
- DMEM, INRAE, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- DMEM, INRAE, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Py
- DMEM, INRAE, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Brioche
- DMEM, INRAE, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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26
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Wang Z, Bo H, Song Y, Li C, Zhang Y. Mitochondrial ROS Produced by Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria Promote the Decisive Signal for UPRmt Activation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7436577. [PMID: 35237690 PMCID: PMC8885241 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7436577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) can repair and remove misfolded or unfolded proteins in mitochondria and enhance mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by regular exercise is a crucial signal for promoting health, and skeletal muscle mitochondria are the primary source of ROS during exercise. To verify whether UPRmt is related to ROS produced by mitochondria in skeletal muscle during regular exercise, we adapted MitoTEMPO, mitochondrially targeted antioxidants, and ROS production by mitochondria. Our results showed that mitochondrial ROS is the key factor for activating UPRmt in different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Sports Medicine, Research Center for Exercise & Health Science, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hai Bo
- Department of Military Training Medicines, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yu Song
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Sports Medicine, Research Center for Exercise & Health Science, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Can Li
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Sports Medicine, Research Center for Exercise & Health Science, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Sports Medicine, Research Center for Exercise & Health Science, Tianjin 301617, China
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27
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McClean C, Davison GW. Circadian Clocks, Redox Homeostasis, and Exercise: Time to Connect the Dots? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020256. [PMID: 35204138 PMCID: PMC8868136 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling research has documented how the circadian system is essential for the maintenance of several key biological processes including homeostasis, cardiovascular control, and glucose metabolism. Circadian clock disruptions, or losses of rhythmicity, have been implicated in the development of several diseases, premature ageing, and are regarded as health risks. Redox reactions involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) regulate several physiological functions such as cell signalling and the immune response. However, oxidative stress is associated with the pathological effects of RONS, resulting in a loss of cell signalling and damaging modifications to important molecules such as DNA. Direct connections have been established between circadian rhythms and oxidative stress on the basis that disruptions to circadian rhythms can affect redox biology, and vice versa, in a bi-directional relationship. For instance, the expression and activity of several key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT) appear to follow circadian patterns. Consequently, the ability to unravel these interactions has opened an exciting area of redox biology. Exercise exerts numerous benefits to health and, as a potent environmental cue, has the capacity to adjust disrupted circadian systems. In fact, the response to a given exercise stimulus may also exhibit circadian variation. At the same time, the relationship between exercise, RONS, and oxidative stress has also been scrutinised, whereby it is clear that exercise-induced RONS can elicit both helpful and potentially harmful health effects that are dependent on the type, intensity, and duration of exercise. To date, it appears that the emerging interface between circadian rhythmicity and oxidative stress/redox metabolism has not been explored in relation to exercise. This review aims to summarise the evidence supporting the conceptual link between the circadian clock, oxidative stress/redox homeostasis, and exercise stimuli. We believe carefully designed investigations of this nexus are required, which could be harnessed to tackle theories concerned with, for example, the existence of an optimal time to exercise to accrue physiological benefits.
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Polyphenols as Antioxidants for Extending Food Shelf-Life and in the Prevention of Health Diseases: Encapsulation and Interfacial Phenomena. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121909. [PMID: 34944722 PMCID: PMC8698762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity caused by the exposure to human-made chemicals and environmental conditions has become a major health concern because they may significantly increase the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), negatively affecting the endogenous antioxidant defense. Living systems have evolved complex antioxidant mechanisms to protect cells from oxidative conditions. Although oxidative stress contributes to various pathologies, the intake of molecules such as polyphenols, obtained from natural sources, may limit their effects because of their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against lipid peroxidation and against a broad range of foodborne pathogens. Ingestion of polyphenol-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, help to reduce the harmful effects of ROS, but the use of supramolecular and nanomaterials as delivery systems has emerged as an efficient method to improve their pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Suitable exogenous polyphenolic antioxidants should be readily absorbed and delivered to sites where pathological oxidative damage may take place, for instance, intracellular locations. Many potential antioxidants have a poor bioavailability, but they can be encapsulated to improve their ideal solubility and permeability profile. Development of effective antioxidant strategies requires the creation of new nanoscale drug delivery systems to significantly reduce oxidative stress. In this review we provide an overview of the oxidative stress process, highlight some properties of ROS, and discuss the role of natural polyphenols as bioactives in controlling the overproduction of ROS and bacterial and fungal growth, paying special attention to their encapsulation in suitable delivery systems and to their location in colloidal systems where interfaces play a crucial role.
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29
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Thongkittidilok C, Le QA, Lin Q, Takebayashi K, Do TKL, Namula Z, Hirata M, Tanihara F, Otoi T. Effects of individual or in-combination antioxidant supplementation during in vitro maturation culture on the developmental competence and quality of porcine embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:314-320. [PMID: 34862995 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oocyte maturation process requires a high supply of energy, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), adversely affecting oocyte and embryo development. Balancing ROS by antioxidant supplementation is essential for maintaining oocyte maturation and embryonic quality in vitro. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of four antioxidants: β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME), chlorogenic acid (CGA), curcumin and sericin, when applied individually or in combinations, during oocyte maturation on development of porcine oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected, cultured in maturation medium supplemented with antioxidants for 44 hr and subsequently subjected to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and culture for 7 days. Combining all four (β-ME + CGA + curcumin + sericin) or three (β-ME + CGA + curcumin) antioxidants increased blastocyst formation rates. However, sericin supplementation alone, or in combination with β-ME or CGA, failed to improve blastocyst formation rates. The total cell numbers of blastocysts from the group supplemented with three antioxidants (β-ME + CGA + curcumin) were significantly higher than those from the other groups, except for the curcumin-supplement group. There were no differences in the maturation rates and proportions of oocytes with fragmented DNA between the antioxidant-supplemented and the non-supplemented control groups. In conclusion, supplementation with three antioxidants (β-ME + CGA + curcumin) during the maturation culture enhanced blastocyst formation and improved blastocyst quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chommanart Thongkittidilok
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Quynh Anh Le
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Qingyi Lin
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koki Takebayashi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Thi Kim Lanh Do
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy-Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Zhao Namula
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong, China
| | - Maki Hirata
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tanihara
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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30
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Alduraywish AA. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness indicators in novice volleyball trainees: effect of 1-week antioxidant supplementation with N-acetyl-cysteine/zinc/vitamin C. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211067125. [PMID: 34939440 PMCID: PMC8725015 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211067125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effect of 7-day dietary supplementation of N-acetylcysteine (NAC)/zinc/vitamin C on the time-to-exhaustion (TTE), the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) index, and metabolic indicators. METHODS This study enrolled volleyball student trainees (n = 18 men) who took NAC/zinc/vitamin C (750 mg/5 mg/100 mg) for 7 days at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. The CRF index and TTE were determined. Serum concentrations of metabolic regulators (insulin, betatrophin, and hepatocyte growth factor), biomarkers of cellular damage/hypoxia, and indicators of lipid and glycemic control were measured. RESULTS Supplementation improved the TTE and CRF index, and lowered cytochrome c, C-reactive protein, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), total cholesterol, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin values. Before and after supplementation, the CRF index was negatively correlated with body mass index and positively correlated with the TTE. Before supplementation, the CRF index was positively correlated with betatrophin concentrations, and hepatocyte growth factor concentrations were positively correlated with betatrophin concentrations and negatively correlated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. After supplementation, the CRF index was negatively correlated with HIF-1α concentrations and metabolites. Additionally, the TTE was negatively correlated with HIF-1α, cytochrome c, and triacylglycerol concentrations. CONCLUSION Supplementation of NAC/zinc/vitamin C improves metabolic and CRF performance.
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31
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McKeegan K, Mason SA, Trewin AJ, Keske MA, Wadley GD, Della Gatta PA, Nikolaidis MG, Parker L. Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102005. [PMID: 34049222 PMCID: PMC8167146 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in insulin resistance and the development of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Conversely, evidence supports the notion that ROS are a necessary component for glucose cell transport and adaptation to physiological stress including exercise and muscle contraction. Although genetic rodent models and cell culture studies indicate antioxidant treatment to be an effective strategy for targeting ROS to promote health, human findings are largely inconsistent. In this review we discuss human research that has investigated antioxidant treatment and glycemic control in the context of health (healthy individuals and during exercise) and disease (insulin resistance and T2D). We have identified key factors that are likely to influence the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment: 1) the context of treatment including whether oxidative distress or eustress is present (e.g., hyperglycemia/lipidaemia or during exercise and muscle contraction); 2) whether specific endogenous antioxidant deficiencies are identified (redox screening); 3) whether antioxidant treatment is specifically designed to target and restore identified deficiencies (antioxidant specificity); 4) and the bioavailability and bioactivity of the antioxidant which are influenced by treatment dose, duration, and method of administration. The majority of human research has failed to account for these factors, limiting their ability to robustly test the effectiveness of antioxidants for health promotion and disease prevention. We propose that a modern "redox screening" and "personalized antioxidant treatment" approach is required to robustly explore redox regulation of human physiology and to elicit more effective antioxidant treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McKeegan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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32
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Role of Nrf2 in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081884. [PMID: 34440653 PMCID: PMC8391447 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that reduces oxidative stress. When reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are detected, Nrf2 translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE), which regulates the expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes. Nrf2 impairments are observed in the majority of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The classic hallmarks of AD include β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Oxidative stress is observed early in AD and is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AD. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 is impaired in AD compared to controls. Increased oxidative stress is associated with impaired memory and synaptic plasticity. The administration of Nrf2 activators reverses memory and synaptic plasticity impairments in rodent models of AD. Therefore, Nrf2 activators are a potential novel therapeutic for neurodegenerative disorders including AD.
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33
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Yu J, Laybutt DR, Kim LJ, Quek LE, Wu LE, Morris MJ, Youngson NA. Exercise-induced benefits on glucose handling in a model of diet-induced obesity are reduced by concurrent nicotinamide mononucleotide. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E176-E189. [PMID: 34121447 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00446.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Almost 40% of adults worldwide are classified as overweight or obese. Exercise is a beneficial intervention in obesity, partly due to increases in mitochondrial activity and subsequent increases in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an important metabolic cofactor. Recent studies have shown that increasing NAD+ levels through pharmacological supplementation with precursors such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improved metabolic health in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. However, the effects of combined exercise and NMN supplementation are unknown. Thus, here we examined the combined effects of NMN and treadmill exercise in female mice with established obesity after 10 wk of diet. Five-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a control diet (n = 16) or HFD. Mice fed a HFD were either untreated (HFD; n = 16), received NMN in drinking water (400 mg/kg; HNMN; n = 16), were exposed to treadmill exercise 6 days/wk (HEx; n = 16), or were exposed to exercise combined with NMN (HNEx; n = 16). Although some metabolic benefits of NMN have been described, at this dose, NMN administration impaired several aspects of exercise-induced benefits in obese mice, including glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from islets, and hepatic triglyceride accumulation. HNEx mice also exhibited increased antioxidant and reduced prooxidant gene expression in both islets and muscle, suggesting that altered redox status is associated with the loss of exercise-induced health benefits with NMN cotreatment. Our data show that NMN treatment impedes the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity in association with disturbances in redox metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY NMN dampened exercise-induced benefits on glucose handling in diet-induced obesity. NMN administration alongside treadmill exercise enhanced the ratio of antioxidants to prooxidants. We suggest that NMN administration may not be beneficial when NAD+ levels are replete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Yu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynn-Jee Kim
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lindsay E Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil A Youngson
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Wangdi JT, Sabou V, O’Leary MF, Kelly VG, Bowtell JL. Use, Practices and Attitudes of Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes towards Tart Cherry Supplementation. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9040049. [PMID: 33807198 PMCID: PMC8066185 DOI: 10.3390/sports9040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tart cherry (TC) supplementation can improve exercise recovery and performance; and may also improve sleep duration and quality. This study investigated the use and knowledge of TC supplementation by athletes of all competitive levels. Eighty participants (52.5% elite (international, national, professional), 47.5% sub-elite (semi-professional, state/regional, county level, club level, recreational)) completed an online questionnaire investigating their attitudes towards and use of TC supplementation. Overall, 22.6% of participants were using or had previously used TC supplements, and 12.5% of participants planned to used TC supplements. Improved recovery (71.4%), sleep (32.1%) and immunity and general health (32.1%) were the most frequently indicated goals by respondents using TC supplements. In total, 32.1% of respondents were supplemented with TC chronically, 39.3% acutely and 28.6% used a combination of chronic and acute supplementation. The majority of those employing TC supplementation chronically used TC either over 2-3 days (37.0%) or continuously (37.0%). The most popular TC pre- and post-loading period was one day (34.3% and 41.5%, respectively). There were no significant differences between elite and sub-elite athletes in any parameters assessed (p > 0.05). TC supplementation is not widely used by the athletes surveyed, and athletes using TC supplements showed poor awareness of an evidence-led dosing strategy, regardless of competitive level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy T. Wangdi
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.T.W.); (V.G.K.)
- Sport and Health Sciences, St Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (V.S.); (M.F.O.)
| | - Vlad Sabou
- Sport and Health Sciences, St Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (V.S.); (M.F.O.)
| | - Mary F. O’Leary
- Sport and Health Sciences, St Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (V.S.); (M.F.O.)
| | - Vincent G. Kelly
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.T.W.); (V.G.K.)
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Joanna L. Bowtell
- Sport and Health Sciences, St Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (V.S.); (M.F.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Rosado-Pérez J, Castelán-Martínez OD, Mújica-Calderón AJ, Sánchez-Rodríguez MA, Mendoza-Núñez VM. Effect of Tai Chi on Markers of Oxidative Stress: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073458. [PMID: 33810466 PMCID: PMC8037964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to synthesize the evidence of the effect of practicing Tai Chi on oxidative stress markers (OxSM). Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducting using the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Epistemonikos, Lilacs, and Ovid databases to identify randomized (RCT) and non-randomized (NRCT) clinical trials that evaluated the Tai Chi effect on OxSM compared to sedentary behavior, walking or yoga. Pooled mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using the inverse variance method to determine the effect of Tai Chi on OxSM. PROSPERO register: CRD42019138362. Results: Five RCT and five NRCT were included. Compared to sedentary behavior, regular Tai Chi practice increases the levels of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (MD = 34.97 U/mL, (95%CI, 9.45 to 60.48), 344 participants) and catalase (MD = 15.63 U/mL, (95%CI, 4.05 to 27.22), 110 participants), as well as reducing the levels of lipoperoxides (MD = −0.02 µmol/L, (95%CI, −0.04 to −0.00), 234 participants). For comparisons with walking or yoga, only one study per activity was identified comparing the effect on OxSM. Conclusions: Regular Tai Chi practice increases the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as reducing the levels of lipoperoxides. More studies are necessary to determine the effect of Tai Chi on OxSM when compared to other physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Rosado-Pérez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México P.C. 09230, Mexico; (J.R.-P.); (A.J.M.-C.); (M.A.S.-R.)
| | - Osvaldo D. Castelán-Martínez
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México P.C. 09230, Mexico;
| | - Abril J. Mújica-Calderón
- Research Unit on Gerontology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México P.C. 09230, Mexico; (J.R.-P.); (A.J.M.-C.); (M.A.S.-R.)
| | - Martha A. Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México P.C. 09230, Mexico; (J.R.-P.); (A.J.M.-C.); (M.A.S.-R.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México P.C. 09230, Mexico; (J.R.-P.); (A.J.M.-C.); (M.A.S.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5623-0721; Fax: +52-55-5773-6330
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Gomez-Cabrera MC, Carretero A, Millan-Domingo F, Garcia-Dominguez E, Correas AG, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Viña J. Redox-related biomarkers in physical exercise. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101956. [PMID: 33811000 PMCID: PMC8113051 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in redox biology of exercise has made considerable advances in the last 70 years. Since the seminal study of George Pake's group calculating the content of free radicals in skeletal muscle in resting conditions in 1954, many discoveries have been made in the field. The first section of this review is devoted to highlight the main research findings and fundamental changes in the exercise redox biology discipline. It includes: i) the first steps in free radical research, ii) the relation between exercise and oxidative damage, iii) the redox regulation of muscle fatigue, iv) the sources of free radicals during muscle contractions, and v) the role of reactive oxygen species as regulators of gene transcription and adaptations in skeletal muscle. In the second section of the manuscript, we review the available biomarkers for assessing health, performance, recovery during exercise training and overtraining in the sport population. Among the set of biomarkers that could be determined in exercise studies we deepen on the four categories of redox biomarkers: i) oxidants, ii) antioxidants, iii) oxidation products (markers of oxidative damage), and iv) measurements of the redox balance (markers of oxidative stress). The main drawbacks, strengths, weaknesses, and methodological considerations of every biomarker are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES. Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aitor Carretero
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES. Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Millan-Domingo
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES. Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Dominguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES. Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angela G Correas
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES. Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES. Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES. Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Flavonoid Containing Polyphenol Consumption and Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 51:1293-1316. [PMID: 33687663 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoid polyphenols are bioactive phytochemicals found in fruits and teas among other sources. It has been postulated that foods and supplements containing flavonoid polyphenols may enhance recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) through upregulation of cell signalling stress response pathways, particularly the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the ability of polyphenol treatments containing flavonoids to enhance recovery of skeletal muscle strength, soreness and creatine kinase post EIMD. METHODS Medline (Pubmed), Embase and SPORTdiscus were searched from inception to August 2020 for randomised placebo-controlled trials which assessed the impact of 6 or more days of flavonoid containing polyphenol ingestion on skeletal muscle recovery in the 96-h period following a single bout of EIMD. A total of 2983 studies were screened in duplicate resulting in 26 studies included for analysis. All meta-analyses were undertaken using a random-effects model. RESULTS The pooled results of these meta-analyses show flavonoid polyphenol treatments can enhance recovery of muscle strength by 7.14% (95% CI [5.50-8.78], P < 0.00001) and reduce muscle soreness by 4.12% (95% CI [- 5.82 to - 2.41] P = 0.00001), no change in the recovery of creatine kinase concentrations was observed. CONCLUSION These results indicate that ingestion of polyphenol treatments which contain flavonoids has significant potential to improve recovery of muscular strength and reduce muscle soreness in the 4-day period post EIMD. However, the characterisation of polyphenol dosage and composition of study treatments should be prioritised in future research to facilitate the development of specific guidelines for the inclusion of flavonoid-rich foods in the diet of athletes and active individuals.
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Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is an unsolved and potentially life-compromising problem for most patients receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy. It manifests with numbness, tingling, and possibly neuropathic pain and motor and autonomic symptoms. This review aims to provide an evidence synthesis that prepares nurses to comprehensively assess, provide supportive care for, and critically evaluate the literature on CIPN. The prevalence, significance, characteristics, mechanisms, and risk factors of CIPN will be discussed, as well as nursing-relevant evidence on the assessment, prevention, and management of CIPN. The importance of critical literature evaluation before clinical implementation to reduce physical and financial harms to patients will also be highlighted.
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Costa TJ, Barros PR, Arce C, Santos JD, da Silva-Neto J, Egea G, Dantas AP, Tostes RC, Jiménez-Altayó F. The homeostatic role of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and nitric oxide in the vasculature. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:615-635. [PMID: 33248264 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are produced in a wide range of physiological reactions that, at low concentrations, play essential roles in living organisms. There is a delicate equilibrium between formation and degradation of these mediators in a healthy vascular system, which contributes to maintaining these species under non-pathological levels to preserve normal vascular functions. Antioxidants scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to prevent or reduce damage caused by excessive oxidation. However, an excessive reductive environment induced by exogenous antioxidants may disrupt redox balance and lead to vascular pathology. This review summarizes the main aspects of free radical biochemistry (formation, sources and elimination) and the crucial actions of some of the most biologically relevant and well-characterized reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and nitric oxide) in the physiological regulation of vascular function, structure and angiogenesis. Furthermore, current preclinical and clinical evidence is discussed on how excessive removal of these crucial responses by exogenous antioxidants (vitamins and related compounds, polyphenols) may perturb vascular homeostasis. The aim of this review is to provide information of the crucial physiological roles of oxidation in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells and perivascular adipose tissue for developing safer and more effective vascular interventions with antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago J Costa
- Pharmacology Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Cristina Arce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociencies i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Júlio da Silva-Neto
- Pharmacology Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Egea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociencies i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Dantas
- Institut Clínic del Tòrax, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Pharmacology Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Sobhani V, Mehrtash M, Shirvani H, Fasihi-Ramandi M. Effects of Short-Term Green Tea Extract Supplementation on VO 2 Max and Inflammatory and Antioxidant Responses of Healthy Young Men in a Hot Environment. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:170. [PMID: 33312479 PMCID: PMC7716607 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_64_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, the use of green tea supplements has increased. Studies have shown that green tea can have positive effects on anti-inflammatory and antioxidative factors, as well as improve aerobic performance capacity. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the effects of this supplement on inflammatory factors, total antioxidant capacity responses, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 Max) of healthy young men in summer. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which 15 young men (age 25.06 ± 2.1) were randomly assigned into the green tea (GT) and placebo groups. Subjects performed maximum aerobic exercises (shuttle run 20 m) in separate workouts (14 days) in summer. They consumed 640 mg green tea extracts or maltodextrin 90 min before exercise in a double-blind design. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise and then evaluated in the biochemistry laboratory. In this study, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The results of this study show that green tea supplement significantly slowed down the increasing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (GT: 15.03 ± 4.31 [pg/ml], placebo: 31.38 ± 7.18 [pg/ml], [P = 0.000]); increased the total antioxidant capacity (GT: 1.04 ± 0.06 [mm], placebo group: 0.72 ± 0.04 [mm], [P = 0.001 VO2]); and Max (GT: 44.43 ± 3.06 [ml/kg/min], placebo group: 34.88 ± 1.30 [ml/kg/min], [P = 0.001]) in the supplement group than placebo. In addition, no significant differences in interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) was observed between thee groups (GT: 26.86 ± 5.05 [pg/ml], placebo group: 23.47 ± 3.16 [pg/ml], [P = 0.251]). Conclusions: The consumption of green tea supplements 90 min before aerobic exercise may decrease inflammation and oxidative stress factors and improve VO2 Max in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehrtash
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress in moderation positively affects homeostasis through signaling, while in excess it is associated with adverse health outcomes. Both activities are generally attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS); hydrogen peroxide as the signal, and cysteines on regulatory proteins as the target. However, using antioxidants to affect signaling or benefit health has not consistently translated into expected outcomes, or when it does, the mechanism is often unclear. Recent Advances: Reactive sulfur species (RSS) were integral in the origin of life and throughout much of evolution. Sophisticated metabolic pathways that evolved to regulate RSS were easily "tweaked" to deal with ROS due to the remarkable similarities between the two. However, unlike ROS, RSS are stored, recycled, and chemically more versatile. Despite these observations, the relevance and regulatory functions of RSS in extant organisms are generally underappreciated. Critical Issues: A number of factors bias observations in favor of ROS over RSS. Research conducted in room air is hyperoxic to cells, and promotes ROS production and RSS oxidation. Metabolic rates of rodent models greatly exceed those of humans; does this favor ROS? Analytical methods designed to detect ROS also respond to RSS. Do these disguise the contributions of RSS? Future Directions: Resolving the ROS/RSS issue is vital to understand biology in general and human health in particular. Improvements in experimental design and analytical methods are crucial. Perhaps the most important is an appreciation of all the attributes of RSS and keeping an open mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA
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42
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Vatner SF, Zhang J, Oydanich M, Berkman T, Naftalovich R, Vatner DE. Healthful aging mediated by inhibition of oxidative stress. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101194. [PMID: 33091597 PMCID: PMC7710569 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The progressive increase in lifespan over the past century carries with it some adversity related to the accompanying burden of debilitating diseases prevalent in the older population. This review focuses on oxidative stress as a major mechanism limiting longevity in general, and healthful aging, in particular. Accordingly, the first goal of this review is to discuss the role of oxidative stress in limiting longevity, and compare healthful aging and its mechanisms in different longevity models. Secondly, we discuss common signaling pathways involved in protection against oxidative stress in aging and in the associated diseases of aging, e.g., neurological, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and cancer. Much of the literature has focused on murine models of longevity, which will be discussed first, followed by a comparison with human models of longevity and their relationship to oxidative stress protection. Finally, we discuss the extent to which the different longevity models exhibit the healthful aging features through physiological protective mechanisms related to exercise tolerance and increased β-adrenergic signaling and also protection against diabetes and other metabolic diseases, obesity, cancer, neurological diseases, aging-induced cardiomyopathy, cardiac stress and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marko Oydanich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tolga Berkman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rotem Naftalovich
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dorothy E Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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Guidara W, Messedi M, Naifar M, Maalej M, Grayaa S, Omri S, Ben Thabet J, Maalej M, Charfi N, Ayadi F. Predictive value of oxidative stress biomarkers in drug‑free patients with schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113467. [PMID: 33198042 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that oxidative stress may represent one of the primary etiological mechanisms of schizophrenia (SZ) and schizoaffective disorder (SAD) which can be targeted by therapeutic intervention. The present study was conducted over a period of 24 months, between June 2016 and June 2018. All enrolled subjects were Tunisian, forty five drug‑free male patients with SZ (mean age: 37.6 years), twenty one drug‑free male patients with SAD (mean age: 28.8 years) and hundred and one age and gender matched controls (mean age: 34.2 years) were enrolled in the study. Plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) and Total thiols levels were significantly decreased in patients compared to controls (respectively p<0.001; p=0.050). In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and protein carbonyls (PC) concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were significantly increased in patients compared to controls (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001 and p=0.003 respectively). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that MDA, AOPP, PC and GSH-Px could be considered as independent risk factors for SZ and SAD. When using ROC analysis, a remarkable increase in the area under the curve (AUC) with higher sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for MDA, AOPP, PC and GSH-Px combined markers was observed. The present study indicated that the identification of the predictive value of this four-selected biomarkers related to oxidative stress in drug free patients should lead to a better identification of the etiological mechanism of SZ or SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Guidara
- Laboratory of research "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Meriam Messedi
- Laboratory of research "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Naifar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Sfax & Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Maalej
- Psychiatry C- department, University of Sfax & Hédi Chaker Hostipal, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Grayaa
- Laboratory of research "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sana Omri
- Psychiatry C- department, University of Sfax & Hédi Chaker Hostipal, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jihène Ben Thabet
- Psychiatry C- department, University of Sfax & Hédi Chaker Hostipal, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Maalej
- Psychiatry C- department, University of Sfax & Hédi Chaker Hostipal, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nada Charfi
- Psychiatry C- department, University of Sfax & Hédi Chaker Hostipal, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Laboratory of research "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Sfax & Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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Abate G, Vezzoli M, Sandri M, Rungratanawanich W, Memo M, Uberti D. Mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111385. [PMID: 33129798 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several theories have been postulated, trying to explain why and how living organisms age. Despite some controversies and still huge open questions, a growing body of evidence suggest alterations of mitochondrial functionality and redox-homeostasis occur during the ageing process. Oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction do not represent the cause of ageing per se but they have to be analyzed within the complexity of those series of processes occurring during lifespan. The establishment of a crosstalk among them is a shared common feature of many chronic age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, for which ageing is a major risk factor. The challenge is to understand when and how the interplay between these two systems move towards from normal ageing process to a pathological phenotype. Here in this review, we discuss the crosstalk between mitochondria and cytosolic-ROS. Furthermore, through a visual data mining approach, we attempt to describe the dynamic interplay between mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to an AD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - M Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Sandri
- Big & Open Data Innovation Laboratory (BODaI-Lab), Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - W Rungratanawanich
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - D Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy; Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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45
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Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1403-1432. [PMID: 32556180 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, in addition to beverages such as tea and coffee. Flavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic agents for cardiovascular as well as metabolic diseases. Several studies corroborated an inverse relationship between flavonoid consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). Flavonoids exert their anti-atherogenic effects by increasing nitric oxide (NO), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, flavonoids alleviate ATI by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as by attenuating inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, flavonoids inhibit synthesis of fatty acids and promote their oxidation. In this review, we discuss the effect of the main classes of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones, on atherosclerosis and ATI. In addition, we dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action for these flavonoids. We conclude by supporting the potential benefit for flavonoids in the management or treatment of CVD; yet, we call for more robust clinical studies for safety and pharmacokinetic values.
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Margaritelis NV, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. Antioxidant supplementation, redox deficiencies and exercise performance: A falsification design. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 158:44-52. [PMID: 32682929 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to validate the idea of personalized redox supplementation by subjecting individuals to targeted and non-targeted antioxidant supplementation schemes. Seventy-three volunteers were screened for plasma vitamin C and erythrocyte glutathione levels. Three groups were formed: i) the "low vitamin C″ group (12 individuals with the lowest vitamin C levels; Low VitC), ii) the "low glutathione" group (12 individuals with the lowest glutathione levels; Low GSH) and iii) a control group (12 individuals with moderate vitamin C and glutathione levels). The three groups received 1 g of vitamin C or 1.2 g of NAC daily for 30 days in a crossover design with a wash-out period of 30 days. Both antioxidant treatments reduced the increased resting systemic oxidative stress levels, assessed via urine F2-isoprostanes, in the Low VitC and Low GSH groups (P < .05). A significant group × time interaction (P < .05) was found for VO2max and isometric peak torque after both treatments, with the Low VitC and Low GSH groups exhibiting improved performance only after the targeted treatment (vitamin C and NAC, respectively). A significant group × time interaction (P < .05) was found for fatigue index after NAC treatment, but not after vitamin C treatment. No interaction was found for the Wingate test after both treatments. Most of the evidence verifies the idea that antioxidant supplementation increases performance when a particular deficiency is reversed. This indicates that the presence of oxidative stress per se does not rationalize the use of antioxidants and emphasizes the need to identify "responsive" phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece; Dialysis Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.
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Antioxidants in Sport Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092869. [PMID: 32961753 PMCID: PMC7551250 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline of skeletal muscle mass and strength that leads to sarcopenia is a pathology that might represent an emergency healthcare issue in future years. Decreased muscle mass is also a condition that mainly affects master athletes involved in endurance physical activities. Skeletal muscles respond to exercise by reshaping the biochemical, morphological, and physiological state of myofibrils. Adaptive responses involve the activation of intracellular signaling pathways and genetic reprogramming, causing alterations in contractile properties, metabolic status, and muscle mass. One of the mechanisms leading to sarcopenia is an increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species levels and a reduction in enzymatic antioxidant protection. The present review shows the recent experimental models of sarcopenia that explore molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the clinical aspect of sport sarcopenia will be highlighted, and new strategies based on nutritional supplements, which may contribute to reducing indices of oxidative stress by reinforcing natural endogenous protection, will be suggested.
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Viña J, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Arc-Chagnaud C, De la Rosa A, Gomez-Cabrera MC. Modulating Oxidant Levels to Promote Healthy Aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:570-579. [PMID: 32008355 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Free radicals although originally thought of as damaging molecules, inevitable side effects of the utilization of oxygen by cells, are now considered as signals that by modifying, among others, the thiol-disulfide balance regulate many cell processes from metabolism to cell cycle. Recent Advances: This review discusses the importance of the modulation of the oxidant levels through physiological strategies such as physical exercise or genetic manipulations such as the overexpression of antioxidant enzymes, in the promotion of healthy aging. Critical Issues: We have divided the review into five different sections. In the first two sections of the article "Oxidants are signals" and "Exercise training is an antioxidant," we discuss the main sources of free radicals during muscle contraction and their role, as hormetic substances, in the regulation of two main muscle adaptations to exercise in skeletal muscle; that is, mitochondrial biogenesis and the endogenous antioxidant defense. In the third section of the review, we deal with "the energy collapse in aging." The increased rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the low rate of mitochondria biosynthesis in the old cells are examined. Finally, in the fourth and fifth sections entitled "Overexpression of antioxidants enzymes in healthy aging" and "Exercise, longevity, and frailty," we consider the importance of the potentiation of the cellular defenses in health span and in life span. Future Directions: A correct manipulation of the ROS generation, directing these species to their physiological signaling role and preventing their deleterious effects, would allow the promotion of healthy aging. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 33, 570-579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Coralie Arc-Chagnaud
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Adrián De la Rosa
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Penna F, Ballarò R, Costelli P. The Redox Balance: A Target for Interventions Against Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia? Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:542-558. [PMID: 32037856 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The management of cancer patients is frequently complicated by the occurrence of a complex syndrome known as cachexia. It is mainly characterized by muscle wasting, a condition that associates with enhanced protein breakdown and with negative energy balance. While the mechanisms underlying cachexia have been only partially elucidated, understanding the pathogenesis of muscle wasting in cancer hosts is mandatory to design new targeted therapeutic strategies. Indeed, most of cancer patients will experience cachexia during the course of their disease, and about 25% of cancer-related deaths are due to this syndrome, rather than to the tumor itself. Recent Advances: Compelling evidence suggests that an altered redox homeostasis likely contributes to cancer-induced muscle protein depletion, directly or indirectly activating the intracellular degradative pathways. In addition, oxidative stress impinges on both mitochondrial number and function; the other way round, altered mitochondria lead to enhanced redox imbalance, creating a vicious loop that eventually results in negative energy metabolism. Critical Issues: The present review focuses on the possibility that pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies able to restore a physiologic redox balance could be useful components of treatment schedules aimed at counteracting cancer-induced muscle wasting. Future Directions: Exercise and the use of exercise mimetic drugs represent the most promising approaches capable of reinforcing the muscle antioxidant defenses of cancer patients. The results from ongoing and new clinical trials are needed to validate the preclinical studies and provide effective therapies for cancer cachexia. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 33, 542-558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ballarò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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de Andrade Soares R, de Oliveira BC, de Bem GF, de Menezes MP, Romão MH, Santos IB, da Costa CA, de Carvalho LCDRM, Nascimento ALR, de Carvalho JJ, Ognibene DT, de Moura RS, Resende AC. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract improves aerobic exercise performance in rats. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109549. [PMID: 32846601 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the supplementation with an açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract (ASE) would affect the aerobic exercise performance in rats and correlate with the vascular function, muscle oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Sedentary, Sedentary with chronic supplementation of ASE, Training, Training with chronic (200 mg/Kg/day intragastric gavage for 5 weeks) or acute (30 min before the maximal treadmill stress test (MST) supplementation with ASE. The exercise training was performed on a treadmill (30 min/day; 5 days/week) for 4 weeks. The chronic supplementation with ASE increased the exercise time (58%) and the running distance (129%) in relation to the MST, while the Training group increased 40% and 78% and the Training with acute ASE group increased 30% and 63%, respectively. The training-induced increase of ACh vasodilation was not changed by ASE, but the norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction was reduced by chronic and acute supplementation with ASE. The increased levels of malondialdehyde in soleus muscle homogenates from the Training group was reduced only by chronic supplementation with ASE. The muscle antioxidant defense, NO2 levels, and expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins (PGC1α, SIRT-1, p-AMPK/AMPK, Nrf-2) were not different between Training and Sedentary groups, but all these parameters were increased in the Training with Chronic ASE compared with the Sedentary groups. In conclusion, chronic supplementation with ASE improves aerobic physical performance by increasing the vascular function, reducing the oxidative stress, and up-regulating the mitochondrial biogenesis key proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus Pontes de Menezes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus Henrique Romão
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Rosa Nascimento
- Department of Histology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge José de Carvalho
- Department of Histology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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