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Camargo LL, Rios FJ, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species in hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01062-6. [PMID: 39048744 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for stroke, heart disease and chronic kidney disease. Multiple interacting factors and organ systems increase blood pressure and cause target-organ damage. Among the many molecular elements involved in the development of hypertension are reactive oxygen species (ROS), which influence cellular processes in systems that contribute to blood pressure elevation (such as the cardiovascular, renal, immune and central nervous systems, or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system). Dysregulated ROS production (oxidative stress) is a hallmark of hypertension in humans and experimental models. Of the many ROS-generating enzymes, NADPH oxidases are the most important in the development of hypertension. At the cellular level, ROS influence signalling pathways that define cell fate and function. Oxidative stress promotes aberrant redox signalling and cell injury, causing endothelial dysfunction, vascular damage, cardiovascular remodelling, inflammation and renal injury, which are all important in both the causes and consequences of hypertension. ROS scavengers reduce blood pressure in almost all experimental models of hypertension; however, clinical trials of antioxidants have yielded mixed results. In this Review, we highlight the latest advances in the understanding of the role and the clinical implications of ROS in hypertension. We focus on cellular sources of ROS, molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and alterations in redox signalling in organ systems, and their contributions to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia L Camargo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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2
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Bi CX, Jin KQ, Yan J, Qin Y, Hong F, Huang WH, Liu YL. Nanofiber-based Stretchable Electrodes for Oriented Culture and Mechanotransduction Monitoring of Smooth Muscle Cells. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3248-3256. [PMID: 37581426 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are circumferentially oriented perpendicular to the blood vessel and maintain the contractile phenotype in physiological conditions. They can sense the mechanical forces of blood vessels expanding and contracting and convert them into biochemical signals to regulate vascular homeostasis. However, the real-time monitoring of mechanically evoked biochemical response while maintaining SMC oriented growth remains an important challenge. Herein, we developed a stretchable electrochemical sensor by electrospinning aligned and elastic polyurethane (PU) nanofibers on the surface of PDMS film and further modification of conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS-LiTFSI-CoPc (PPLC) on the nanofibers (denoted as PPLC/PU/PDMS). The aligned nanofibers on the electrode surface could guide the oriented growth of SMCs and maintain the contractile phenotype, and the modification of PPLC endowed the electrode with good electrochemical sensing performance and stability under mechanical deformation. By culturing cells on the electrode surface, the oriented growth of SMCs and real-time monitoring of stretch-induced H2O2 release were achieved. On this basis, the changes of H2O2 level released by SMCs under the pathology (hypertension) and intervention of natural product resveratrol were quantitatively monitored, which will be helpful to further understand the occurrence and development of vascular-related diseases and the mechanisms of pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Bi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kai-Qi Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Hong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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3
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Du R, Li L, Ji J, Fan Y. Receptor-Ligand Binding: Effect of Mechanical Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109062. [PMID: 37240408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaining insight into the in situ receptor-ligand binding is pivotal for revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological and pathological processes and will contribute to drug discovery and biomedical application. An important issue involved is how the receptor-ligand binding responds to mechanical stimuli. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the effect of several representative mechanical factors, such as tension, shear stress, stretch, compression, and substrate stiffness on receptor-ligand binding, wherein the biomedical implications are focused. In addition, we highlight the importance of synergistic development of experimental and computational methods for fully understanding the in situ receptor-ligand binding, and further studies should focus on the coupling effects of these mechanical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotian Du
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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4
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Kumar R, Soni H, Afolabi JM, Kanthakumar P, Mankuzhy PD, Iwhiwhu SA, Adebiyi A. Induction of reactive oxygen species by mechanical stretch drives endothelin production in neonatal pig renal epithelial cells. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102394. [PMID: 35841629 PMCID: PMC9289874 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive endothelin (ET) is generated by ET converting enzyme (ECE)-induced proteolytic processing of pro-molecule big ET to biologically active peptides. H2O2 has been shown to increase the expression of ECE1 via transactivation of its promoter. The present study demonstrates that H2O2 triggered ECE1-dependent ET1-3 production in neonatal pig proximal tubule (PT) epithelial cells. A uniaxial stretch of PT cells decreased catalase, increased NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 and NOX4, and increased H2O2 levels. Stretch also increased cellular ECE1, an effect reversed by EUK-134 (a synthetic superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic), NOX inhibitor apocynin, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of NOX2 and NOX4. Short-term unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), an inducer of renal tubular cell stretch and oxidative stress, increased renal ET1-3 generation and vascular resistance (RVR) in neonatal pigs. Despite removing the obstruction, UUO-induced increase in RVR persisted, resulting in early acute kidney injury (AKI). ET receptor (ETR)-operated Ca2+ entry in renal microvascular smooth muscle (SM) via transient receptor potential channel 3 (TRPC3) channels reduced renal blood flow and increased RVR. Although acute reversible UUO (rUUO) did not change protein expression levels of ETR and TRPC3 in renal microvessels, inhibition of ECE1, ETR, and TRPC3 protected against renal hypoperfusion, RVR increase, and early AKI. These data suggest that mechanical stretch-driven oxyradical generation stimulates ET production in neonatal pig renal epithelial cells. ET activates renal microvascular SM TRPC3, leading to persistent vasoconstriction and reduction in renal blood flow. These mechanisms may underlie rUUO-induced renal insufficiency in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hitesh Soni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeremiah M Afolabi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Praghalathan Kanthakumar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pratheesh D Mankuzhy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Samson A Iwhiwhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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A nexus of miR-1271, PAX4 and ALK/RYK influences the cytoskeletal architectures in Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. Biochem J 2021; 478:3297-3317. [PMID: 34409981 PMCID: PMC8454712 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) share a common hallmark of insulin resistance. Reportedly, two non-canonical Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs), ALK and RYK, both targets of the same micro RNA miR-1271, exhibit significant and consistent functional down-regulation in post-mortem AD and T2D tissues. Incidentally, both have Grb2 as a common downstream adapter and NOX4 as a common ROS producing factor. Here we show that Grb2 and NOX4 play critical roles in reducing the severity of both the diseases. The study demonstrates that the abundance of Grb2 in degenerative conditions, in conjunction with NOX4, reverse cytoskeletal degradation by counterbalancing the network of small GTPases. PAX4, a transcription factor for both Grb2 and NOX4, emerges as the key link between the common pathways of AD and T2D. Down-regulation of both ALK and RYK through miR-1271, elevates the PAX4 level by reducing its suppressor ARX via Wnt/β-Catenin signaling. For the first time, this study brings together RTKs beyond Insulin Receptor (IR) family, transcription factor PAX4 and both AD and T2D pathologies on a common regulatory platform.
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Huang Y, Li Z, Zhang L, Tang H, Zhang H, Wang C, Chen SY, Bu D, Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Yuan P, Li K, Yu X, Kong W, Tang C, Jung Y, Ferreira RB, Carroll KS, Du J, Yang J, Jin H. Endogenous SO 2-dependent Smad3 redox modification controls vascular remodeling. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101898. [PMID: 33647858 PMCID: PMC7933484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) has emerged as a physiological relevant signaling molecule that plays a prominent role in regulating vascular functions. However, molecular mechanisms whereby SO2 influences its upper-stream targets have been elusive. Here we show that SO2 may mediate conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to a more potent oxidant, peroxymonosulfite, providing a pathway for activation of H2O2 to convert the thiol group of protein cysteine residues to a sulfenic acid group, aka cysteine sulfenylation. By using site-centric chemoproteomics, we quantified >1000 sulfenylation events in vascular smooth muscle cells in response to exogenous SO2. Notably, ~42% of these sulfenylated cysteines are dynamically regulated by SO2, among which is cysteine-64 of Smad3 (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3), a key transcriptional modulator of transforming growth factor β signaling. Sulfenylation of Smad3 at cysteine-64 inhibits its DNA binding activity, while mutation of this site attenuates the protective effects of SO2 on angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling and hypertension. Taken together, our findings highlight the important role of SO2 in vascular pathophysiology through a redox-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zongmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Selena Ying Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dingfang Bu
- Laboratory Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zaifeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Piaoliu Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Youngeun Jung
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Renan B Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China.
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7
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Greenberg HZE, Zhao G, Shah AM, Zhang M. Role of oxidative stress in calcific aortic valve disease and its therapeutic implications. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1433-1451. [PMID: 33881501 PMCID: PMC9074995 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the end result of active cellular processes that lead to the progressive fibrosis and calcification of aortic valve leaflets. In western populations, CAVD is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and in the absence of effective drugs, it will likely represent an increasing disease burden as populations age. As there are currently no pharmacological therapies available for preventing, treating, or slowing the development of CAVD, understanding the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of the disease is important for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Recent evidence has emerged of an important causative role for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of CAVD, inducing the differentiation of valve interstitial cells into myofibroblasts and then osteoblasts. In this review, we focus on the roles and sources of ROS driving CAVD and consider their potential as novel therapeutic targets for this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Z E Greenberg
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Min Zhang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
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8
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Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals Cell Alignment and Mitochondrial Length Change under Cyclic Stretching in Lung Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114074. [PMID: 32517296 PMCID: PMC7312583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of death. Most previous studies have been based on traditional cell-culturing methods. However, lung cells are periodically subjected to mechanical forces during breathing. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the cyclic stretching induced in lung cells may be important for lung cancer therapy. Here, we applied cyclic stretching to stimulate the continual contraction that is present under physiological conditions in lung cells. We first uncovered the stretching-induced phosphoproteome in lung cancer cell line A549 and fibroblast cell line IMR-90. We identified 2048 and 2604 phosphosites corresponding to 837 and 1008 phosphoproteins in A549 and IMR-90, respectively. Furthermore, we combined our phosphoproteomics and public gene expression data to identify the biological functions in response to cyclic stretching. Interestingly, cytoskeletal and mitochondrial reorganization were enriched. We further used cell imaging analysis to validate the profiling results and found that this physical force changed cell alignment and mitochondrial length. This study not only reveals the molecular mechanism of cyclic stretching but also provides evidence that cell stretching causes cellular rearrangement and mitochondrial length change.
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Leipziger J, Praetorius H. Renal Autocrine and Paracrine Signaling: A Story of Self-protection. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1229-1289. [PMID: 31999508 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autocrine and paracrine signaling in the kidney adds an extra level of diversity and complexity to renal physiology. The extensive scientific production on the topic precludes easy understanding of the fundamental purpose of the vast number of molecules and systems that influence the renal function. This systematic review provides the broader pen strokes for a collected image of renal paracrine signaling. First, we recapitulate the essence of each paracrine system one by one. Thereafter the single components are merged into an overarching physiological concept. The presented survey shows that despite the diversity in the web of paracrine factors, the collected effect on renal function may not be complicated after all. In essence, paracrine activation provides an intelligent system that perceives minor perturbations and reacts with a coordinated and integrated tissue response that relieves the work load from the renal epithelia and favors diuresis and natriuresis. We suggest that the overall function of paracrine signaling is reno-protection and argue that renal paracrine signaling and self-regulation are two sides of the same coin. Thus local paracrine signaling is an intrinsic function of the kidney, and the overall renal effect of changes in blood pressure, volume load, and systemic hormones will always be tinted by its paracrine status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Leipziger
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Helle Praetorius
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Knock GA. NADPH oxidase in the vasculature: Expression, regulation and signalling pathways; role in normal cardiovascular physiology and its dysregulation in hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:385-427. [PMID: 31585207 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last 20-25 years have seen an explosion of interest in the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in cardiovascular function and disease. In vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, NOX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as second messengers, contributing to the control of normal vascular function. NOX activity is altered in response to a variety of stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptor agonists, growth-factors, perfusion pressure, flow and hypoxia. NOX-derived ROS are involved in smooth muscle constriction, endothelium-dependent relaxation and smooth muscle growth, proliferation and migration, thus contributing to the fine-tuning of blood flow, arterial wall thickness and vascular resistance. Through reversible oxidative modification of target proteins, ROS regulate the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases, kinases, G proteins, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins and transcription factors. There is now considerable, but somewhat contradictory evidence that NOX contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension through oxidative stress. Specific NOX isoforms have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, hyper-contractility and vascular remodelling in various animal models of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension, but also have potential protective effects, particularly NOX4. This review explores the multiplicity of NOX function in the healthy vasculature and the evidence for and against targeting NOX for antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Knock
- Dpt. of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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11
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Mathieu PS, Fitzpatrick E, Di Luca M, Cahill PA, Lally C. Resident multipotent vascular stem cells exhibit amplitude dependent strain avoidance similar to that of vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:762-768. [PMID: 31706573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and presents as a narrowing or occlusion of the arterial lumen. Interventions to re-open the arterial lumen can result in re-occlusion through intimal hyperplasia. Historically only de-differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells were thought to contribute to intimal hyperplasia. However recent significant evidence suggests that resident medial multipotent vascular stem cells (MVSC) may also play a role. We therefore investigated the strain response of MVSC since these resident cells are also subjected to strain within their native environment. Accordingly, we applied uniaxial 1 Hz cyclic uniaxial tensile strain at three amplitudes around a mean strain of 5%, (4-6%, 2-8% and 0-10%) to either rat MVSC or rat VSMC before their strain response was evaluated. While both cell types strain avoid, the strain avoidant response was greater for MVSC after 24 h, while VSMC strain avoid to a greater degree after 72 h. Additionally, both cell types increase strain avoidance as strain amplitude is increased. Moreover, MVSC and VSMC both demonstrate a strain-induced decrease in cell number, an effect more pronounced for MVSC. These experiments demonstrate for the first time the mechano-sensitivity of MVSC that may influence intimal thickening, and emphasizes the importance of strain amplitude in controlling the response of vascular cells in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattie S Mathieu
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Fitzpatrick
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mariana Di Luca
- School of Biotechnology, Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Group, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul A Cahill
- School of Biotechnology, Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Group, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Caitríona Lally
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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12
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Lyle AN, Taylor WR. The pathophysiological basis of vascular disease. J Transl Med 2019; 99:284-289. [PMID: 30755702 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Lyle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA. .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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13
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Williams HC, Ma J, Weiss D, Lassègue B, Sutliff R, Martín AS. The cofilin phosphatase slingshot homolog 1 restrains angiotensin II-induced vascular hypertrophy and fibrosis in vivo. J Transl Med 2019; 99:399-410. [PMID: 30291325 PMCID: PMC6442944 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual specificity phosphatase slingshot homolog 1 (SSH1) contributes to actin remodeling by dephosphorylating and activating the actin-severing protein cofilin. The reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in chronic hypertension and the subsequent mechano-adaptive rearrangement of vessel wall components. Therefore, using a novel Ssh1-/- mouse model, we investigated the potential role of SSH1 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension, and vascular remodeling. We found that loss of SSH1 did not produce overt phenotypic changes and that baseline blood pressures as well as heart rates were comparable between Ssh1+/+ and Ssh1-/- mice. Although 14 days of Ang II treatment equally increased systolic blood pressure in both genotypes, histological assessment of aortic samples indicated that medial thickening was exacerbated by the loss of SSH1. Consequently, reverse-transcription quantitative PCR analysis of the transcripts from Ang II-infused animals confirmed increased aortic expression levels of fibronectin, and osteopontin in Ssh1-/- when compared to wild-type mice. Mechanistically, our data suggest that fibrosis in SSH1-deficient mice occurs by a process that involves aberrant responses to Ang II-induced TGFβ1. Taken together, our work indicates that Ang II-dependent fibrotic gene expression and vascular remodeling, but not the Ang II-induced pressor response, are modulated by SSH1-mediated signaling pathways and SSH1 activity is protective against Ang II-induced remodeling in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C. Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Roy Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alejandra San Martín
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Tanaka LY, Araujo TLS, Rodriguez AI, Ferraz MS, Pelegati VB, Morais MCC, Santos AMD, Cesar CL, Ramos AF, Alencar AM, Laurindo FRM. Peri/epicellular protein disulfide isomerase-A1 acts as an upstream organizer of cytoskeletal mechanoadaptation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H566-H579. [PMID: 30499716 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00379.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although redox processes closely interplay with mechanoresponses to control vascular remodeling, redox pathways coupling mechanostimulation to cellular cytoskeletal organization remain unclear. The peri/epicellular pool of protein disulfide isomerase-A1 (pecPDIA1) supports postinjury vessel remodeling. Using distinct models, we investigated whether pecPDIA1 could work as a redox-dependent organizer of cytoskeletal mechanoresponses. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), pecPDIA1 immunoneutralization impaired stress fiber assembly in response to equibiaxial stretch and, under uniaxial stretch, significantly perturbed cell repositioning perpendicularly to stretch orientation. During cyclic stretch, pecPDIA1 supported thiol oxidation of the known mechanosensor β1-integrin and promoted polarized compartmentalization of sulfenylated proteins. Using traction force microscopy, we showed that pecPDIA1 organizes intracellular force distribution. The net contractile moment ratio of platelet-derived growth factor-exposed to basal VSMCs decreased from 0.90 ± 0.09 (IgG-exposed controls) to 0.70 ± 0.08 after pecPDI neutralization ( P < 0.05), together with an enhanced coefficient of variation for distribution of force modules, suggesting increased noise. Moreover, in a single cell model, pecPDIA1 neutralization impaired migration persistence without affecting total distance or velocity, whereas siRNA-mediated total PDIA1 silencing disabled all such variables of VSMC migration. Neither expression nor total activity of the master mechanotransmitter/regulator RhoA was affected by pecPDIA1 neutralization. However, cyclic stretch-induced focal distribution of membrane-bound RhoA was disrupted by pecPDI inhibition, which promoted a nonpolarized pattern of RhoA/caveolin-3 cluster colocalization. Accordingly, FRET biosensors showed that pecPDIA1 supports localized RhoA activity at cell protrusions versus perinuclear regions. Thus, pecPDI acts as a thiol redox-dependent organizer and noise reducer mechanism of cytoskeletal repositioning, oxidant generation, and localized RhoA activation during a variety of VSMC mechanoresponses. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Effects of a peri/epicellular pool of protein disulfide isomerase-A1 (pecPDIA1) during mechanoregulation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were highlighted using approaches such as equibiaxial and uniaxial stretch, random single cell migration, and traction force microscopy. pecPDIA1 regulates organization of the cytoskeleton and minimizes the noise of cell alignment, migration directionality, and persistence. pecPDIA1 mechanisms involve redox control of β1-integrin and localized RhoA activation. pecPDIA1 acts as a novel organizer of mechanoadaptation responses in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Thaís L S Araujo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andres I Rodriguez
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil.,Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bío-Bío , Chillán , Chile
| | - Mariana S Ferraz
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Vitor B Pelegati
- "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Mauro C C Morais
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades e Núcleo de Estudos Interdisciplinares em Sistemas Complexos, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia e Centro de Pesquisa Translacional em Oncologia - Instituto do Cancer do Estado São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Aline M Dos Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Carlos L Cesar
- "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Ramos
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades e Núcleo de Estudos Interdisciplinares em Sistemas Complexos, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia e Centro de Pesquisa Translacional em Oncologia - Instituto do Cancer do Estado São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
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15
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Zhuang H, Li Q, Zhang X, Ma X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Yi X, Chen R, Han F, Zhang N, Li Y. Downregulation of glycine decarboxylase enhanced cofilin-mediated migration in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018. [PMID: 29524606 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), an oxidoreductase, plays an important role in amino acid metabolism. While GLDC promotes tumor initiation and proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer and glioma and it was reported as a putative tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer, the role of GLDC in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In the current study, microarray-based analysis suggested that GLDC expression was low in highly malignant HCC cell lines, and clinicopathological analysis revealed a decrease in GLDC in HCC tumor samples. While the knockdown of GLDC enhanced cancer cell migration and invasion, GLDC overexpression inhibited them. Mechanistic studies revealed that GLDC knockdown increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), which in turn dampened the ubiquitination of cofilin, a key regulator of actin polymerization. Consequently, the protein level of cofilin was elevated, which accounted for the increase in cell migration. The overexpression of GLDC reversed the phenotype. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine decreased the protein level of cofilin while treatment with H2O2 increased it, further confirming the role of ROS in regulating cofilin degradation. In a tumor xenographic transplant nude mouse model, the knockdown of GLDC promoted intrahepatic metastasis of HCC while GLDC overexpression inhibited it. Our data indicate that GLDC downregulation decreases ROS-mediated ubiquitination of cofilin to enhance HCC progression and intrahepatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xuda Ma
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Yongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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16
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Tanaka LY, Laurindo FRM. Vascular remodeling: A redox-modulated mechanism of vessel caliber regulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:11-21. [PMID: 28109889 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling, i.e. whole-vessel structural reshaping, determines lumen caliber in (patho)physiology. Here we review mechanisms underlying vessel remodeling, with emphasis in redox regulation. First, we discuss confusing terminology and focus on strictu sensu remodeling. Second, we propose a mechanobiological remodeling paradigm based on the concept of tensional homeostasis as a setpoint regulator. We first focus on shear-mediated models as prototypes of remodeling closely dominated by highly redox-sensitive endothelial function. More detailed discussions focus on mechanosensors, integrins, extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton and inflammatory pathways as potential of mechanisms potentially coupling tensional homeostasis to redox regulation. Further discussion of remodeling associated with atherosclerosis and injury repair highlights important aspects of redox vascular responses. While neointima formation has not shown consistent responsiveness to antioxidants, vessel remodeling has been more clearly responsive, indicating that despite the multilevel redox signaling pathways, there is a coordinated response of the whole vessel. Among mechanisms that may orchestrate redox pathways, we discuss roles of superoxide dismutase activity and extracellular protein disulfide isomerase. We then discuss redox modulation of aneurysms, a special case of expansive remodeling. We propose that the redox modulation of vascular remodeling may reflect (1) remodeling pathophysiology is dominated by a particularly redox-sensitive cell type, e.g., endothelial cells (2) redox pathways are temporospatially coordinated at an organ level across distinct cellular and acellular structures or (3) the tensional homeostasis setpoint is closely connected to redox signaling. The mechanobiological/redox model discussed here can be a basis for improved understanding of remodeling and helps clarifying mechanisms underlying prevalent hard-to-treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex II, 9th Floor, São Paulo CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex II, 9th Floor, São Paulo CEP 05403-000, Brazil.
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17
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Crosas-Molist E, Bertran E, Rodriguez-Hernandez I, Herraiz C, Cantelli G, Fabra À, Sanz-Moreno V, Fabregat I. The NADPH oxidase NOX4 represses epithelial to amoeboid transition and efficient tumour dissemination. Oncogene 2017; 36:3002-3014. [PMID: 27941881 PMCID: PMC5354266 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is a common event during tumour dissemination. However, direct epithelial to amoeboid transition has not been characterized to date. Here we provide evidence that cells from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a highly metastatic cancer, undergo epithelial to amoeboid transition in physiological environments, such as organoids or three-dimensional complex matrices. Furthermore, the NADPH oxidase NOX4 inhibits this transition and therefore suppresses efficient amoeboid bleb-based invasion. Moreover, NOX4 expression is associated with E-cadherin levels and inversely correlated with invasive features. NOX4 is necessary to maintain parenchymal structures, increase cell-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion, and impair actomyosin contractility and amoeboid invasion. Importantly, NOX4 gene deletions are frequent in HCC patients, correlating with higher tumour grade. Contrary to that observed in mesenchymal cell types, here NOX4 suppresses Rho and Cdc42 GTPase expression and downstream actomyosin contractility. In HCC patients, NOX4 expression inversely correlates with RhoC and Cdc42 levels. Moreover, low expression of NOX4 combined with high expression of either RhoC or Cdc42 is associated with worse prognosis. Therefore, loss of NOX4 increases actomyosin levels and favours an epithelial to amoeboid transition contributing to tumour aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Crosas-Molist
- Molecular Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Bertran
- Molecular Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Herraiz
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Cantelli
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - À Fabra
- Molecular Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Sanz-Moreno
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - I Fabregat
- Molecular Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Majumder P, Roy K, Singh BK, Jana NR, Mukhopadhyay D. Cellular levels of Grb2 and cytoskeleton stability are correlated in a neurodegenerative scenario. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:655-669. [PMID: 28360125 PMCID: PMC5451165 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests as neuronal loss. On the premise of Grb2 overexpression in AD mouse brain and brain tissues of AD patients, our study primarily focuses on the stability of cytoskeletal proteins in the context of degenerative AD-like conditions. Two predominant molecular features of AD, extracellular accumulation of β-amyloid oligomers and intracellular elevation of amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain levels, have been used to closely inspect the series of signalling events. In their presence, multiple signalling pathways involving ROCK and PAK1 proteins lead to disassembly of the cytoskeleton, and Grb2 partially counterbalances the cytoskeletal loss. Increased Grb2-NOX4 interactions play a preventive role against cytoskeletal disassembly, in turn blocking the activity of nitrogen oxides and decreasing the expression of slingshot homolog 1 (SSH-1) protein, a potent inducer of cytoskeleton disassembly. This study unravels a unique role of Grb2 in protecting the cytoskeletal architecture in AD-like conditions and presents a potential new strategy for controlling neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Majumder
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Kasturi Roy
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon 122 050, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Jana
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon 122 050, India
| | - Debashis Mukhopadhyay
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
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19
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Williams R. Alejandra San Martin: Academic Romantic. Circ Res 2016; 119:1270-1272. [PMID: 27932469 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Karimi Galougahi K, Ashley EA, Ali ZA. Redox regulation of vascular remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:349-63. [PMID: 26483132 PMCID: PMC11108558 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a dynamic process of structural and functional changes in response to biochemical and biomechanical signals in a complex in vivo milieu. While inherently adaptive, dysregulation leads to maladaptive remodeling. Reactive oxygen species participate in homeostatic cell signaling in tightly regulated- and compartmentalized cellular circuits. It is well established that perturbations in oxidation-reduction (redox) homeostasis can lead to a state of oxidative-, and more recently, reductive stress. We provide an overview of the redox signaling in the vasculature and review the role of oxidative- and reductive stress in maladaptive vascular remodeling. Particular emphasis has been placed on essential processes that determine phenotype modulation, migration and fate of the main cell types in the vessel wall. Recent advances in systems biology and the translational opportunities they may provide to specifically target the redox pathways driving pathological vascular remodeling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- Division of Cardiology, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New York Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Sydney Medical School Foundation, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ziad A Ali
- Division of Cardiology, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New York Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Variability in vascular smooth muscle cell stretch-induced responses in 2D culture. Vasc Cell 2015; 7:7. [PMID: 26301087 PMCID: PMC4546126 DOI: 10.1186/s13221-015-0032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulsatile nature of blood flow exposes vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the vessel wall to mechanical stress, in the form of circumferential and longitudinal stretch. Cyclic stretch evokes VSMC proliferation, apoptosis, phenotypic switching, migration, alignment, and vascular remodeling. Given that these responses have been observed in many cardiovascular diseases, a defined understanding of their underlying mechanisms may provide critical insight into the pathophysiology of cardiovascular derangements. Cyclic stretch-triggered VSMC responses and their effector mechanisms have been studied in vitro using tension systems that apply either uniaxial or equibiaxial stretch to cells grown on an elastomer-bottomed culture plate and ex vivo by stretching whole vein segments with small weights. This review will focus mainly on VSMC responses to the in vitro application of mechanical stress, outlining the inconsistencies in acquired data, and comparing them to in vivo or ex vivo findings. Major discrepancies in data have been seen in mechanical stress-induced proliferation, apoptosis, and phenotypic switching responses, depending on the stretch conditions. These discrepancies stem from variations in stretch conditions such as degree, axis, duration, and frequency of stretch, wave function, membrane coating, cell type, cell passage number, culture media content, and choice of in vitro model. Further knowledge into the variables that cause these incongruities will allow for improvement of the in vitro application of cyclic stretch.
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