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Li WW, Guo ZM, Wang BC, Liu QQ, Zhao WA, Wei XL. PCSK9 induces endothelial cell autophagy by regulating the PI3K/ATK pathway in atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024:CH242172. [PMID: 38728182 DOI: 10.3233/ch-242172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries, and its pathogenesis is related to endothelial dysfunction. It has been found that the protein convertase subtilin/kexin9 type (PCSK9) plays an important role in AS, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. METHODS In this study, we first cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 50 or 100μg/ml oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 24 hours to establish a coronary atherosclerosis cell model. RESULTS The results showed that ox-LDL induced HUVEC injury and autophagy and upregulated PCSK9 protein expression in HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner. Silencing PCSK9 expression with siRNA inhibited ox-LDL-induced HUVEC endothelial dysfunction, inhibited the release of inflammatory factors, promoted HUVEC proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. In addition, ox-LDL increased the expression of LC3B-I and LC3B-II and decreased the expression of p62. However, these processes are reversed by sh-PCSK9. In addition, sh-PCSK9 can inhibit PI3K, AKT and mTOR phosphorylation and promote autophagy. CONCLUSION Taken together, our research shows that silencing PCSK9 inhibits the PI3K/ATK/mTOR pathway to activate ox-LDL-induced autophagy in vascular endothelial cells, alleviating endothelial cell injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ze-Ming Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Bing-Cai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qing-Quan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wen-An Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Yang K, Yan Y, Yu A, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Qiu Z, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wu S, Li F. Mitophagy in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:998-1005. [PMID: 37862201 PMCID: PMC10749592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical cellular energy resources and are central to the life of the neuron. Mitophagy selectively clears damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through autophagic machinery to maintain mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Mature neurons are postmitotic and consume substantial energy, thus require highly efficient mitophagy pathways to turn over damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Recent evidence indicates that mitophagy is pivotal to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. However, more work is needed to study mitophagy pathway components as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we briefly discuss the characteristics of nonselective autophagy and selective autophagy, including ERphagy, aggrephagy, and mitophagy. We then introduce the mechanisms of Parkin-dependent and Parkin-independent mitophagy pathways under physiological conditions. Next, we summarize the diverse repertoire of mitochondrial membrane receptors and phospholipids that mediate mitophagy. Importantly, we review the critical role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Last, we discuss recent studies considering mitophagy as a potential therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Together, our review may provide novel views to better understand the roles of mitophagy in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Anni Yu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuefang Zhang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyi Li
- Neurosurgery Department, Kunming Yenan Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Zhou Z, Zhang X, Wang S, Wang X, Mao J. A Powerful Tool in the Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Natural and Nanoscale Modified Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:8099-8112. [PMID: 38164265 PMCID: PMC10758182 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s443716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) constitutes a pivotal determinant impacting the long-term prognosis of individuals afflicted by ischemic cardiomyopathy subsequent to reperfusion therapy. Stem cells have garnered extensive application within the realm of MI/RI investigation, yielding tangible outcomes. Stem cell therapy encounters certain challenges in its application owing to the complexities associated with stem cell acquisition, a diminished homing rate, and a brief in vivo lifespan. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) originating from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to possess the benefits of abundant availability, reduced immunogenicity, and a diminished tumorigenic incidence. They can exert their effects on damaged organs, improving injuries by transporting a lot of constituents, including proteins, RNA, lipid droplets, and more. This phenomenon has garnered substantial attention in the context of MI/RI treatment. Simultaneously, MSC-derived sEV (MSC-sEV) can exhibit enhanced therapeutic advantages through bioengineering modifications, biomaterial incorporation, and natural drug interventions. Within this discourse, we shall appraise the utilization of MSC-sEV and their derivatives in the context of MI/RI treatment, aiming to offer valuable insights for future research endeavors related to MI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Borger M, von Haefen C, Bührer C, Endesfelder S. Cardioprotective Effects of Dexmedetomidine in an Oxidative-Stress In Vitro Model of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1206. [PMID: 37371938 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. The preterm heart before terminal differentiation is in a phase that is crucial for the number and structure of cardiomyocytes in further development, with adverse effects of hypoxic and hyperoxic events. Pharmacological intervention could attenuate the negative effects of oxygen. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an α2-adrenoceptor agonist and has been mentioned in connection with cardio-protective benefits. In this study, H9c2 myocytes and primary fetal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) were cultured for 24 h under hypoxic condition (5% O2), corresponding to fetal physioxia (pO2 32-45 mmHg), ambient oxygen (21% O2, pO2 ~150 mmHg), or hyperoxic conditions (80% O2, pO2 ~300 mmHg). Subsequently, the effects of DEX preconditioning (0.1 µM, 1 µM, 10 µM) were analyzed. Modulated oxygen tension reduced both proliferating cardiomyocytes and transcripts (CycD2). High-oxygen tension induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. Cell-death-associated transcripts for caspase-dependent apoptosis (Casp3/8) increased, whereas caspase-independent transcripts (AIF) increased in H9c2 cells and decreased in NRCMs. Autophagy-related mediators (Atg5/12) were induced in H9c2 under both oxygen conditions, whereas they were downregulated in NRCMs. DEX preconditioning protected H9c2 and NRCMs from oxidative stress through inhibition of transcription of the oxidative stress marker GCLC, and inhibited the transcription of both the redox-sensitive transcription factors Nrf2 under hyperoxia and Hif1α under hypoxia. In addition, DEX normalized the gene expression of Hippo-pathway mediators (YAP1, Tead1, Lats2, Cul7) that exhibited abnormalities due to differential oxygen tensions compared with normoxia, suggesting that DEX modulates the activation of the Hippo pathway. This, in the context of the protective impact of redox-sensitive factors, may provide a possible rationale for the cardio-protective effects of DEX in oxygen-modulated requirements on survival-promoting transcripts of immortalized and fetal cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Borger
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarissa von Haefen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Endesfelder
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Dai M, Li K, Sacirovic M, Zemmrich C, Buschmann E, Ritter O, Bramlage P, Persson AB, Buschmann I, Hillmeister P. Autophagy-related genes analysis reveals potential biomarkers for prediction of the impaired walking capacity of peripheral arterial disease. BMC Med 2023; 21:186. [PMID: 37198605 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of autophagy and autophagy-related genes in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains unknown and may be of diagnostic and prognostic value. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between autophagy and PAD, and identify potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for medical practice. METHODS Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes in PAD were explored from GSE57691 and validated in our WalkByLab registry participants by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The level of autophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of WalkByLab participants was assessed by analyzing autophagic marker proteins (beclin-1, P62, LC3B). Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to evaluate the immune microenvironment within the artery wall of PAD patients and healthy persons. Chemokine antibody array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to assess the chemokines in participants' plasma. Treadmill testing with Gardner protocol was used to evaluate participants' walking capacity. Pain-free walking distance, maximum walking distance, and walking time were recorded. Finally, a nomogram model based on logistic regression was built to predict impaired walking performance. RESULTS A total of 20 relevant autophagy-related genes were identified, and these genes were confirmed to be expressed at low levels in our PAD participants. Western blotting demonstrated that the expression of autophagic marker proteins beclin-1 and LC3BII were significantly reduced in PAD patients' PBMCs. ssGSEA revealed that most of the autophagy-related genes were strongly correlated with immune function, with the largest number of associated genes showing interaction between cytokine-and-cytokine receptors (CCR). In this context, the chemokines growth-related oncogene (GRO) and neutrophil activating protein2 (NAP2) are highly expressed in the plasma of WalkByLab PAD patients and were significantly negatively correlated with the walking distance assessed by Gardner treadmill testing. Finally, the plasma NAP2 level (AUC: 0.743) and derived nomogram model (AUC: 0.860) has a strong predictive potential to identify a poor walking capacity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data highlight both the important role of autophagy and autophagy-related genes in PAD and link them to vascular inflammation (expression of chemokines). In particular, chemokine NAP2 emerged as a novel biomarker that can be used to predict the impaired walking capacity in PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Dai
- Center for Internal Medicine 1, Department for Angiology, Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum (DAZB), Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kangbo Li
- Center for Internal Medicine 1, Department for Angiology, Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum (DAZB), Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mesud Sacirovic
- Center for Internal Medicine 1, Department for Angiology, Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum (DAZB), Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Claudia Zemmrich
- Center for Internal Medicine 1, Department for Angiology, Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum (DAZB), Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Cloppenburg, Germany
| | - Eva Buschmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinic Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Ritter
- Department for Cardiology, Center for Internal Medicine I, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Bramlage
- Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Cloppenburg, Germany
| | - Anja Bondke Persson
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivo Buschmann
- Center for Internal Medicine 1, Department for Angiology, Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum (DAZB), Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Philipp Hillmeister
- Center for Internal Medicine 1, Department for Angiology, Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum (DAZB), Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Potsdam, Germany.
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6
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Li W, Xie L, Li QL, Xu QY, Lin LR, Liu LL, Yang TC. Treponema pallidum membrane protein Tp47 promotes angiogenesis through ROS-induced autophagy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:558-572. [PMID: 36373343 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological angiogenesis is an important manifestation of syphilis, but the underlying mechanism of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum)-induced angiogenesis is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate the role and related mechanism of the T. pallidum membrane protein Tp47 in angiogenesis. METHODS The proangiogenic activity of recombinant T. pallidum membrane protein Tp47 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was assessed by tube formation assay, three-dimensional angiogenesis analysis and experiments with a zebrafish embryo model. The effects of mitochondrial ROS and NADPH oxidase on intracellular ROS induced by Tp47 were further investigated. Furthermore, the levels of autophagy-related proteins and autophagic flux were measured. Finally, the role of ROS-induced autophagy in angiogenesis was studied. RESULTS Tp47 promoted tubule formation and the formation of angiogenic sprouts in vitro. In addition, a significant increase in the number of subintestinal vessel branch points in zebrafish injected with Tp47 was observed using a zebrafish embryo model. Tp47 also significantly increased intracellular ROS levels in a dose-dependent manner. Tp47-induced tube formation and angiogenic sprout formation were effectively prevented by the ROS inhibitor NAC. In addition, Tp47 enhanced the production of mitochondrial ROS and expression of the NADPH oxidase-related proteins Nox2 and Nox4. The production of mitochondrial ROS and intracellular ROS was reduced by the NADPH oxidase inhibitors DPI and apocynin. Furthermore, Tp47 significantly increased expression of the autophagy-related proteins P62 and Beclin 1 and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and promoted an increase in autophagic flux, which could be effectively rescued by coincubation with the ROS inhibitor NAC. Further intervention with the autophagy inhibitor BafA1 significantly inhibited tube formation and angiogenic sprout formation. CONCLUSIONS Tp47-induced NADPH oxidase enhanced intracellular ROS production via mitochondrial ROS and promoted angiogenesis through autophagy mediated by ROS. These findings may contribute to our understanding of pathological angiogenesis in syphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Xu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Rong Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Clinical Laboratory Quality Control Center, Xiamen, China
| | - Tian-Ci Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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7
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Vitamin D as a Shield against Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054546. [PMID: 36901976 PMCID: PMC10002864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging can be seen as a physiological progression of biomolecular damage and the accumulation of defective cellular components, which trigger and amplify the process, toward whole-body function weakening. Senescence initiates at the cellular level and consists in an inability to maintain homeostasis, characterized by the overexpression/aberrant expression of inflammatory/immune/stress responses. Aging is associated with significant modifications in immune system cells, toward a decline in immunosurveillance, which, in turn, leads to chronic elevation of inflammation/oxidative stress, increasing the risk of (co)morbidities. Albeit aging is a natural and unavoidable process, it can be regulated by some factors, like lifestyle and diet. Nutrition, indeed, tackles the mechanisms underlying molecular/cellular aging. Many micronutrients, i.e., vitamins and elements, can impact cell function. This review focuses on the role exerted by vitamin D in geroprotection, based on its ability to shape cellular/intracellular processes and drive the immune response toward immune protection against infections and age-related diseases. To this aim, the main biomolecular paths underlying immunosenescence and inflammaging are identified as biotargets of vitamin D. Topics such as heart and skeletal muscle cell function/dysfunction, depending on vitamin D status, are addressed, with comments on hypovitaminosis D correction by food and supplementation. Albeit research has progressed, still limitations exist in translating knowledge into clinical practice, making it necessary to focus attention on the role of vitamin D in aging, especially considering the growing number of older individuals.
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Lim CY, Lin HT, Kumsta C, Lu TC, Wang FY, Kang YH, Hansen M, Ching TT, Hsu AL. SAMS-1 coordinates HLH-30/TFEB and PHA-4/FOXA activities through histone methylation to mediate dietary restriction-induced autophagy and longevity. Autophagy 2023; 19:224-240. [PMID: 35503435 PMCID: PMC9809948 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2068267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is known to promote autophagy to exert its longevity effect. While SAMS-1 (S-adenosyl methionine synthetase-1) has been shown to be a key mediator of the DR response, little is known about the roles of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and SAM-dependent methyltransferase in autophagy and DR-induced longevity. In this study, we show that DR and SAMS-1 repress the activity of SET-2, a histone H3K4 methyltransferase, by limiting the availability of SAM. Consequently, the reduced H3K4me3 levels promote the expression and activity of two transcription factors, HLH-30/TFEB and PHA-4/FOXA, which both regulate the transcription of autophagy-related genes. We then find that HLH-30/TFEB and PHA-4/FOXA act collaboratively on their common target genes to mediate the transcriptional response of autophagy-related genes and consequently the lifespan of the animals. Our study thus shows that the SAMS-1-SET-2 axis serves as a nutrient-sensing module to epigenetically coordinate the activation of HLH-30/TFEB and PHA-4/FOXA transcription factors to control macroautophagy/autophagy and longevity in response to DR.Abbreviations: ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; ChIP-seq: chromatin immuno precipitation-sequencing; COMPASS: complex of proteins associated with Set1; DR: dietary restriction; GO: gene ontology; SAM: S-adenosyl methionine; SAMS-1: S-adenosyl methionine synthetase-1; TSS: transcription start site; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yin Lim
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ting Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Caroline Kumsta
- Program of Development, Aging and Regeneration, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tzu-Chiao Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yung Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Kang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Malene Hansen
- Program of Development, Aging and Regeneration, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tsui-Ting Ching
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ao-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Bamshad C, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi Z, Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Sato T, Feizkhah A, Roushnadeh AM, Roudkenar MH. Mitochondria: how eminent in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders? Hum Cell 2023; 36:41-61. [PMID: 36445534 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous factors are implicated in the onset and progression of ageing and neurodegenerative disorders, with defects in cell energy supply and free radicals regulation designated as being the main functions of mitochondria and highly accentuated in plentiful studies. Hence, analysing the role of mitochondria as one of the main factors implicated in these disorders could undoubtedly come in handy with respect to disease prevention and treatment. In this review, first, we will explore how mitochondria account for neurodegenerative disorders and ageing and later will draw the various pathways contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction in their distinct way. Also, we will discuss the deviation-countering mechanisms, particularly mitophagy, a subset of autophagy known as a much larger cellular defence mechanism and regulatory system, along with its potential therapeutic effects. Last but not least, we will be highlighting the mitochondrial transfer experiments with animal models of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Bamshad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Alireza Feizkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushnadeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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10
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Chen TH, Koh KY, Lin KMC, Chou CK. Mitochondrial Dysfunction as an Underlying Cause of Skeletal Muscle Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12926. [PMID: 36361713 PMCID: PMC9653750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are an important energy source in skeletal muscle. A main function of mitochondria is the generation of ATP for energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial defects or abnormalities can lead to muscle disease or multisystem disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by defective mitochondrial OXPHOS, mtDNA mutations, Ca2+ imbalances, mitochondrial-related proteins, mitochondrial chaperone proteins, and ultrastructural defects. In addition, an imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, lysosomal dysfunction due to insufficient biosynthesis, and/or defects in mitophagy can result in mitochondrial damage. In this review, we explore the association between impaired mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle disorders. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for more research to determine the specific clinical benefits of mitochondrial therapy in the treatment of skeletal muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Yean Koh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Kurt Ming-Chao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Kuang Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Obesity Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
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11
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Endothelial Autophagy in Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132081. [PMID: 35805165 PMCID: PMC9265562 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to a subset of structural and/or functional disorders of coronary microcirculation that lead to impaired coronary blood flow and eventually myocardial ischemia. Amid the growing knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of advanced tools for assessment, CMD has emerged as a prevalent cause of a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including obstructive and nonobstructive coronary artery disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Of note, the endothelium exerts vital functions in regulating coronary microvascular and cardiac function. Importantly, insufficient or uncontrolled activation of endothelial autophagy facilitates the pathogenesis of CMD in diverse CVDs. Here, we review the progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of autophagy in coronary endothelial cells and discuss their potential role in CMD and CVDs.
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12
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Hua Y, Zhang J, Liu Q, Su J, Zhao Y, Zheng G, Yang Z, Zhuo D, Ma C, Fan G. The Induction of Endothelial Autophagy and Its Role in the Development of Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:831847. [PMID: 35402552 PMCID: PMC8983858 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.831847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention is now being paid to the important role played by autophagic flux in maintaining normal blood vessel walls. Endothelial cell dysfunction initiates the development of atherosclerosis. In the endothelium, a variety of critical triggers ranging from shear stress to circulating blood lipids promote autophagy. Furthermore, emerging evidence links autophagy to a range of important physiological functions such as redox homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and the secretion of vasomodulatory substances that determine the life and death of endothelial cells. Thus, the promotion of autophagy in endothelial cells may have the potential for treating atherosclerosis. This paper reviews the role of endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and explores the molecular mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Hua
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Su
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guobin Zheng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Danping Zhuo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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13
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Syahputra RA, Harahap U, Dalimunthe A, Nasution MP, Satria D. The Role of Flavonoids as a Cardioprotective Strategy against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041320. [PMID: 35209107 PMCID: PMC8878416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a widely used and promising anticancer drug; however, a severe dose-dependent cardiotoxicity hampers its therapeutic value. Doxorubicin may cause acute and chronic issues, depending on the duration of toxicity. In clinical practice, the accumulative toxic dose is up to 400 mg/m2 and increasing the dose will increase the probability of cardiac toxicity. Several molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity have been proposed, including oxidative stress, topoisomerase beta II inhibition, mitochondrial dysfunction, Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation, intracellular iron accumulation, ensuing cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), autophagy, and myofibrillar disarray and loss. Natural products including flavonoids have been widely studied both in cell, animal, and human models which proves that flavonoids alleviate cardiac toxicity caused by doxorubicin. This review comprehensively summarizes cardioprotective activity flavonoids including quercetin, luteolin, rutin, apigenin, naringenin, and hesperidin against doxorubicin, both in in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (R.A.S.); (U.H.)
| | - Urip Harahap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (R.A.S.); (U.H.)
| | - Aminah Dalimunthe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
| | - M. Pandapotan Nasution
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia; (M.P.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Denny Satria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia; (M.P.N.); (D.S.)
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14
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Ripszky Totan A, Greabu M, Stanescu-Spinu II, Imre M, Spinu TC, Miricescu D, Ilinca R, Coculescu EC, Badoiu SC, Coculescu BI, Albu C. The Yin and Yang dualistic features of autophagy in thermal burn wound healing. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221125090. [PMID: 36121435 PMCID: PMC9490459 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221125090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn healing should be regarded as a dynamic process consisting of two main, interrelated phases: (a) the inflammatory phase when neutrophils and monocytes infiltrate the injury site, through localized vasodilation and fluid extravasation, and (b) the proliferative-remodeling phase, which represents a key event in wound healing. In the skin, both canonical autophagy (induced by starvation, oxidative stress, and environmental aggressions) and non-canonical or selective autophagy have evolved to play a discrete, but, essential, “housekeeping” role, for homeostasis, immune tolerance, and survival. Experimental data supporting the pro-survival roles of autophagy, highlighting its Yang, luminous and positive feature of this complex but insufficient explored molecular pathway, have been reported. Autophagic cell death describes an “excessive” degradation of important cellular components that are necessary for normal cell function. This deadly molecular mechanism brings to light the darker, concealed, Yin feature of autophagy. Autophagy seems to perform dual, conflicting roles in the angiogenesis context, revealing once again, its Yin–Yang features. Autophagy with its Yin–Yang features remains the shadow player, able to decide quietly whether the cell survives or dies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, 367124Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, 367124Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Department of Biochemistry, 367124Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Marina Imre
- Department of Complete Denture, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Tudor-Claudiu Spinu
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, 367124Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Radu Ilinca
- Department of Biophysics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Elena Claudia Coculescu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Silviu Constantin Badoiu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Ioan Coculescu
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Crenguta Albu
- Department of Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Fan Y, Shao J, Wei S, Song C, Li Y, Jiang S. Self-eating and Heart: The Emerging Roles of Autophagy in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1287-1303. [PMID: 34341709 PMCID: PMC8279526 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradative pathway by which subcellular elements are broken down intracellularly to maintain cellular homeostasis. Cardiac autophagy commonly decreases with aging and is accompanied by the accumulation of misfolded proteins and dysfunctional organelles, which are undesirable to the cell. Reduction of autophagy over time leads to aging-related cardiac dysfunction and is inversely related to longevity. However, despite the increasing interest in autophagy in cardiac diseases and aging, the process remains an undervalued and disregarded object in calcific valvular disease. Neither the nature through which autophagy is triggered nor the interplay between autophagic machinery and targeted molecules during aortic valve calcification are fully understood. Recently, the upregulation of autophagy has been shown to result in cardioprotective effects against cell death as well as its origin. Here, we review the evidence that shows how autophagy can be both beneficial and detrimental as it pertains to aortic valve calcification in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Fan
- 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.,2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiakang Shao
- 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shixiong Wei
- 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.,2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chao Song
- 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.,2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanan Li
- 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shengli Jiang
- 1Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.,2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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16
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Wu YP, Zhang S, Xin YF, Gu LQ, Xu XZ, Zhang CD, You ZQ. Evidences for the mechanism of Shenmai injection antagonizing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:153597. [PMID: 34111614 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used antitumor drug. However, its clinical application is limited for its serious cardiotoxicity. The mechanism of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is attributed to the increasing of cell stress in cardiomyocytes, then following autophagic and apoptotic responses. Our previous studies have demonstrated the protective effect of Shenmai injection (SMI) on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity via regulation of inflammatory mediators for releasing cell stress. PURPOSE To further investigate whether SMI attenuates the DOX-induced cell stress in cardiomyocytes, we explored the mechanism underlying cell stress as related to Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity and the regulation of autophagic flux to determine the mechanism by which SMI antagonizes DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. STUDY DESIGN The DOX-induced cardiotoxicity model of autophagic cell death was established in vitro to disclose the protected effects of SMI on oxidative stress, autophagic flux and JNK signaling pathway. Then the autophagic mechanism of SMI antagonizing DOX cardiotoxicity was validated in vivo. RESULTS SMI was able to reduce the DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis associated with inhibition of activation of the JNK pathway and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Besides, SMI antagonized DOX cardiotoxicity, regulated cardiomyocytes homeostasis by restoring DOX-induced cardiomyocytes autophagy. Under specific circumstances, SMI depressed autophagic process by reducing the Beclin 1-Bcl-2 complex dissociation which was activated by DOX via stimulating the JNK signaling pathway. At the same time, SMI regulated lysosomal pH to restore the autophagic flux which was blocked by DOX in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION SMI regulates cardiomyocytes apoptosis and autophagy by controlling JNK signaling pathway, blocking DOX-induced apoptotic pathway and autophagy formation. SMI was also found to play a key role in restoring autophagic flux for counteracting DOX-damaged cardiomyocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ping Wu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yan-Fei Xin
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Oliveira AN, Yanagawa B, Quan A, Verma S, Hood DA. Human cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury: Blunted stress response with age. J Card Surg 2021; 36:3643-3651. [PMID: 34250631 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Autophagy is a cytoprotective recycling mechanism, capable of digesting dysfunctional cellular components, and this process is associated with pro-survival outcomes. Autophagy may decline in the aging myocardium, thereby contributing to cardiac dysfunction. However, it remains to be established how autophagy responds to ischemia-reperfusion stress with age. METHODS Samples from the right atrium were collected from young (≤50 years; n = 5) and aged (≥70 years; n = 11) patients before and immediately following cardioplegic arrest during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, a model of human ischemia-reperfusion injury. RESULTS Mitochondrial content, as assessed by a cohort of mitochondrial markers, exhibited an overall decrease in the aging myocardium (p = 0.01). In response to IR, COX-I (0.63 vs. 0.91, p = 0.01) increased in young, but not in aged patients (interaction effect p = 0.08). Reductions in LC3-I (0.48 vs. 0.28, p = 0.02) along with declines in TFEB and TFE3 (0.63 vs. 0.20, p = 0.05; 0.71 vs. 0.20, p = 0.01) were observed with age suggesting an impairment in the aged myocardium. Aged patients also displayed an inability to mount an appropriate response to IR compared to their young counterparts, specifically, increases in v-ATPase and NIX (1.06 vs 0.69, p = .01; 1.15 vs 0.69, p = .001) were not seen in the aged. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate a reduced cardiac mitochondrial content and a blunted mitochondrial response to ischemia with age, accompanied by a possible impairment in mitophagy. These findings support an age-associated inability of the atrial myocardium to mount appropriate adaptive responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Oliveira
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Discovery of novel nitrogenous heterocyclic-containing quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxides as potent activator of autophagy in M.tb-infected macrophages. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113657. [PMID: 34217060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our research on antimycobacterial agents, a series of novel quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) containing various nitrogenous heterocyclic moieties at the R6 position were designed and synthesized. Antimycobacterial activities, as well as the cytotoxic effects, of the compounds were assayed. Four compounds (6b, 6f, 6n, and 6o), characterized by 2-carboxylate ethyl or benzyl ester, 6-imidazolyl or 1,2,4-triazolyl, and a 7-fluorine group, exhibited the most potent antimycobacterial activity against M.tb strain H37Rv (MIC ≤ 0.25 μg/mL) with low toxicity in VERO cells (SI = 169.3-412.1). Compound 6o also exhibited excellent antimycobacterial activity in an M.tb-infected macrophage model and was selected for further exploration of the mode of antimycobacterial action of QdNOs. The results showed that compound 6o was capable of disrupting membrane integrity and disturbing energy homeostasis in M.tb. Furthermore, compound 6o noticeably increased cellular ROS levels and, subsequently, induced autophagy in M.tb-infected macrophages, possibly indicating the pathways of QdNOs-mediated inhibition of intracellular M.tb replication. The in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles indicated that compounds 6o was acceptably safe and possesses favorable PK properties. Altogether, these findings suggest that compound 6o is a promising antimycobacterial candidate for further research.
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19
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Wang C, Haas M, Yeo SK, Sebti S, Fernández ÁF, Zou Z, Levine B, Guan JL. Enhanced autophagy in Becn1F121A/F121A knockin mice counteracts aging-related neural stem cell exhaustion and dysfunction. Autophagy 2021; 18:409-422. [PMID: 34101533 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1936358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is emerging as a major pathway that regulates both aging and stem cell function. Previous studies have demonstrated a positive correlation of autophagy with longevity; however, these studies did not directly address the consequence of altered autophagy in stem cells during aging. In this study, we used Becn1F121A/F121A knockin mice (designated as Becn1 KI mice) with the F121A allele in the autophagy gene Becn1 to investigate the consequences of enhanced autophagy in postnatal neural stem cells (NSCs) during aging. We found that increased autophagy protected NSCs from exhaustion and promoted neurogenesis in old (≥18-months-old) mice compared with age-matched wild-type (WT) mice, although it did not affect NSCs in young (3-months-old) mice. After pharmacologically-induced elimination of proliferative cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ), there was enhanced re-activation of quiescent NSCs in old Becn1 KI mice as compared to those in WT mice, with more efficient exit from quiescent status to generate proliferative cells and neuroblasts. Moreover, there was also improved maintenance and increased neuronal differentiation of NSCs isolated from the SVZ of old Becn1 KI mice in in vitro assays. Lastly, the increased neurogenesis in Becn1 KI mice was associated with better olfactory function in aged animals. Together, our results suggest a protective role of increased autophagy in aging NSCs, which may help the development of novel strategies to treat age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Haas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Syn Kok Yeo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Salwa Sebti
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Álvaro F Fernández
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhongju Zou
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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20
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Franzin R, Stasi A, Ranieri E, Netti GS, Cantaluppi V, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Castellano G. Targeting Premature Renal Aging: from Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence to Senolytic Trials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630419. [PMID: 33995028 PMCID: PMC8117359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological process of renal aging is characterized by progressive structural and functional deterioration of the kidney leading to end-stage renal disease, requiring renal replacement therapy. Since the discovery of pivotal mechanisms of senescence such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis inhibition, and the development of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), efforts in the understanding of how senescent cells participate in renal physiological and pathological aging have grown exponentially. This has been encouraged by both preclinical studies in animal models with senescent cell clearance or genetic depletion as well as due to evidence coming from the clinical oncologic experience. This review considers the molecular mechanism and pathways that trigger premature renal aging from mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications to autophagy, DNA damage repair (DDR), and the involvement of extracellular vesicles. We also discuss the different pharmaceutical approaches to selectively target senescent cells (namely, senolytics) or the development of systemic SASP (called senomorphics) in basic models of CKD and clinical trials. Finally, an overview will be provided on the potential opportunities for their use in renal transplantation during ex vivo machine perfusion to improve the quality of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Franzin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine and Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
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21
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Alevriadou BR, Patel A, Noble M, Ghosh S, Gohil VM, Stathopulos PB, Madesh M. Molecular nature and physiological role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C465-C482. [PMID: 33296287 PMCID: PMC8260355 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00502.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is critical for cell function and cell survival. Mitochondria play a major role in regulating the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is an important determinant of cell fate and governs respiration, mitophagy/autophagy, and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake occurs via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex. This review summarizes the present knowledge on the function of MCU complex, regulation of MCU channel, and the role of MCU in Ca2+ homeostasis and human disease pathogenesis. The channel core consists of four MCU subunits and essential MCU regulators (EMRE). Regulatory proteins that interact with them include mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1/2 (MICU1/2), MCU dominant-negative β-subunit (MCUb), MCU regulator 1 (MCUR1), and solute carrier 25A23 (SLC25A23). In addition to these proteins, cardiolipin, a mitochondrial membrane-specific phospholipid, has been shown to interact with the channel core. The dynamic interplay between the core and regulatory proteins modulates MCU channel activity after sensing local changes in [Ca2+]i, reactive oxygen species, and other environmental factors. Here, we highlight the structural details of the human MCU heteromeric assemblies and their known roles in regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. MCU dysfunction has been shown to alter mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics, in turn eliciting cell apoptosis. Changes in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake have been implicated in pathological conditions affecting multiple organs, including the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. However, our structural and functional knowledge of this vital protein complex remains incomplete, and understanding the precise role for MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in disease requires further research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rita Alevriadou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Akshar Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Megan Noble
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sagnika Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology Division, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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22
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Hoffmann J, Richardson G, Haendeler J, Altschmied J, Andrés V, Spyridopoulos I. Telomerase as a Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1047-1061. [PMID: 33504179 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Shortened telomeres have been linked to numerous chronic diseases, most importantly coronary artery disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain ill defined. Loss-of-function mutations and deletions in telomerase both accelerate telomere shortening but do not necessarily lead to a clinical phenotype associated with atherosclerosis, questioning the causal role of telomere length in cardiac pathology. The differential extranuclear functions of the 2 main components of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase RNA component, offer important clues about the complex relationship between telomere length and cardiovascular pathology. In this review, we critically discuss relevant preclinical models, genetic disorders, and clinical studies to elucidate the impact of telomerase in cardiovascular disease and its potential role as a therapeutic target. We suggest that the antioxidative function of mitochondrial telomerase reverse transcriptase might be atheroprotective, making it a potential target for clinical trials. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedrzej Hoffmann
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany (J.H.)
| | - Gavin Richardson
- Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom (G.R.)
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf and Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (J.H., J.A.)
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf and Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (J.H., J.A.).,IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (J.A.)
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.A.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (V.A.)
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom (I.S.).,Freeman Hospital, Cardiothoracic Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospital Trust, United Kingdom (I.S.)
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23
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Ganji R, Reddy PH. Impact of COVID-19 on Mitochondrial-Based Immunity in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:614650. [PMID: 33510633 PMCID: PMC7835331 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.614650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a deadly pandemic with surging mortality rates and no cure. COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with a range of clinical symptoms, including cough, fever, chills, headache, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, muscle pain, and a loss of smell or taste. Aged individuals with compromised immunity are highly susceptible to COVID-19 and the likelihood of mortality increases with age and the presence of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Emerging evidence suggests that COVID-19 highjacks mitochondria of immune cells, replicates within mitochondrial structures, and impairs mitochondrial dynamics leading to cell death. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell and are largely involved in maintaining cell immunity, homeostasis, and cell survival/death. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria from COVID-19 infected cells are highly vulnerable, and vulnerability increases with age. The purpose of our article is to summarize the role of various age-related comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, and neurological diseases in increasing mortality rates amongst the elderly with COVID-19. Our article also highlights the interaction between coronavirus and mitochondrial dynamics in immune cells. We also highlight the current treatments, lifestyles, and safety measures that can help protect against COVID-19. Further research is urgently needed to understand the molecular mechanisms between the mitochondrial virus and disease progression in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Ganji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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24
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Song M, Zhao X, Song F. Aging-Dependent Mitophagy Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2362-2378. [PMID: 33417222 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common late-onset dementia characterized by the deposition of extracellular amyloid plaques and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which eventually lead to neuronal loss and cognitive deficits. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the initiation and progression of AD. As essential machinery for mitochondrial quality control, mitophagy plays a housekeeping role in neuronal cells by eliminating dysfunctional or excessive mitochondria. At present, mounting evidence support that the activity of mitophagy markedly declines in human brains during aging. Impaired mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction were causally linked to bioenergetic deficiency, oxidative stress, microglial activation, and chronic inflammation, thereby aggravating the Aβ and tau pathologies and leading to neuron loss in AD. This review summarizes recent evidence for age-associated mitophagy decline during human aging and provides an overview of mitochondrial dysfunction involved in the process of AD. It also discusses the underlying mechanisms through which defective mitophagy leads to neuronal cell death in AD. Therapeutic interventions aiming to restore mitophagy functions can be used as a strategy for ameliorating AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Gianazza E, Brioschi M, Martinez Fernandez A, Casalnuovo F, Altomare A, Aldini G, Banfi C. Lipid Peroxidation in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:49-98. [PMID: 32640910 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVDs) continue to be a primary cause of mortality worldwide in adults aged 35-70 years, occurring more often in countries with lower economic development, and they constitute an ever-growing global burden that has a considerable socioeconomic impact on society. The ACVDs encompass diverse pathologies such as coronary artery disease and heart failure (HF), among others. Recent Advances: It is known that oxidative stress plays a relevant role in ACVDs and some of its effects are mediated by lipid oxidation. In particular, lipid peroxidation (LPO) is a process under which oxidants such as reactive oxygen species attack unsaturated lipids, generating a wide array of oxidation products. These molecules can interact with circulating lipoproteins, to diffuse inside the cell and even to cross biological membranes, modifying target nucleophilic sites within biomolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins, and resulting in a plethora of biological effects. Critical Issues: This review summarizes the evidence of the effect of LPO in the development and progression of atherosclerosis-based diseases, HF, and other cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the role of protein adduct formation. Moreover, potential therapeutic strategies targeted at lipoxidation in ACVDs are also discussed. Future Directions: The identification of valid biomarkers for the detection of lipoxidation products and adducts may provide insights into the improvement of the cardiovascular risk stratification of patients and the development of therapeutic strategies against the oxidative effects that can then be applied within a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gianazza
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Brioschi
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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26
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Perrotta C, Cattaneo MG, Molteni R, De Palma C. Autophagy in the Regulation of Tissue Differentiation and Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602901. [PMID: 33363161 PMCID: PMC7758408 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a constitutive pathway that allows the lysosomal degradation of damaged components. This conserved process is essential for metabolic plasticity and tissue homeostasis and is crucial for mammalian post-mitotic cells. Autophagy also controls stem cell fate and defective autophagy is involved in many pathophysiological processes. In this review, we focus on established and recent breakthroughs aimed at elucidating the impact of autophagy in differentiation and homeostasis maintenance of endothelium, muscle, immune system, and brain providing a suitable framework of the emerging results and highlighting the pivotal role of autophagic response in tissue functions, stem cell dynamics and differentiation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cattaneo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Molteni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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27
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Pharmacological and cardiovascular perspectives on the treatment of COVID-19 with chloroquine derivatives. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1377-1386. [PMID: 32968208 PMCID: PMC7509225 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and an ongoing severe pandemic. Curative drugs specific for COVID-19 are currently lacking. Chloroquine phosphate and its derivative hydroxychloroquine, which have been used in the treatment and prevention of malaria and autoimmune diseases for decades, were found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection with high potency in vitro and have shown clinical and virologic benefits in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, chloroquine phosphate was first used in the treatment of COVID-19 in China. Later, under a limited emergency-use authorization from the FDA, hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin was used to treat COVID-19 patients in the USA, although the mechanisms of the anti-COVID-19 effects remain unclear. Preliminary outcomes from clinical trials in several countries have generated controversial results. The desperation to control the pandemic overrode the concerns regarding the serious adverse effects of chloroquine derivatives and combination drugs, including lethal arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy. The risks of these treatments have become more complex as a result of findings that COVID-19 is actually a multisystem disease. While respiratory symptoms are the major clinical manifestations, cardiovascular abnormalities, including arrhythmias, myocarditis, heart failure, and ischemic stroke, have been reported in a significant number of COVID-19 patients. Patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions (hypertension, arrhythmias, etc.) are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 and death. From pharmacological and cardiovascular perspectives, therefore, the treatment of COVID-19 with chloroquine and its derivatives should be systematically evaluated, and patients should be routinely monitored for cardiovascular conditions to prevent lethal adverse events.
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28
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Peng H, Zheng J, Su Q, Feng X, Peng M, Gong L, Wu H, Pan X. VPS53 Suppresses Malignant Properties in Colorectal Cancer by Inducing the Autophagy Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10667-10675. [PMID: 33116643 PMCID: PMC7585861 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s254823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies found that VPS53, one of the subunits of the golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complexes, was aberrantly expressed in human diseases. Aim This study investigated the functions and molecular mechanisms of VPS53 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Expression and correlation of Beclin 1 and VPS53 were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Pearson’s correlation in CRC tissues, and VPS53 expression was also determined in CRC cells. The changes of proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and autophagy of CRC cells were examined by a succession of functional experiments including CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell assay, and electron microscopy. The levels of autophagy related proteins were evaluated by Western blotting analysis. Results RT-qPCR results found that VPS53 was downregulated in CRC tissues and cells, and Beclin 1 expression was also decreased in CRC tissues. There was a positive correlation between VPS53 and Beclin 1. Functional results showed that overexpression of VPS53 could suppress proliferation, migration, and invasion, and accelerate apoptosis and autophagy of CRC cells. Also, VPS53 could upregulate Beclin 1 and LC3BII, suggesting the inductive effect of VPS53 on CRC cell autophagy. Furthermore, it was found that the autophagy inhibitor (Inhb) could attenuate the inhibition of VPS53 on CRC progression. Conclusion VPS53 repressed CRC progression by regulating the autophagy signaling pathway, suggesting that VPS53 might be a promising therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Peng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueya Feng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingsha Peng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Pan
- Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
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29
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Hanikoglu A, Ozben H, Hanikoglu F, Ozben T. Hybrid Compounds & Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2118-2132. [PMID: 30027838 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180719145819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by the conventional cancer therapies and the endogenous production of ROS have been observed in various types of cancers. In contrast to the harmful effects of oxidative stress in different pathologies other than cancer, ROS can speed anti-tumorigenic signaling and cause apoptosis of tumor cells via oxidative stress as demonstrated in several studies. The primary actions of antioxidants in cells are to provide a redox balance between reduction-oxidation reactions. Antioxidants in tumor cells can scavenge excess ROS, causing resistance to ROS induced apoptosis. Various chemotherapeutic drugs, in their clinical use, have evoked drug resistance and serious side effects. Consequently, drugs having single-targets are not able to provide an effective cancer therapy. Recently, developed hybrid anticancer drugs promise great therapeutic advantages due to their capacity to overcome the limitations encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Hybrid compounds have advantages in comparison to the single cancer drugs which have usually low solubility, adverse side effects, and drug resistance. This review addresses two important treatments strategies in cancer therapy: oxidative stress induced apoptosis and hybrid anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Hanikoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ozben
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Hanikoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tomris Ozben
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
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30
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Hughes WE, Beyer AM, Gutterman DD. Vascular autophagy in health and disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:41. [PMID: 32506214 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis is maintained within organisms through the physiological recycling process of autophagy, a catabolic process that is intricately involved in the mobilization of nutrients during starvation, recycling of cellular cargo, as well as initiation of cellular death pathways. Specific to the cardiovascular system, autophagy responds to both chemical (e.g. free radicals) and mechanical stressors (e.g. shear stress). It is imperative to note that autophagy is not a static process, and measurement of autophagic flux provides a more comprehensive investigation into the role of autophagy. The overarching themes emerging from decades of autophagy research are that basal levels of autophagic flux are critical, physiological stressors may increase or decrease autophagic flux, and more importantly, aberrant deviations from basal autophagy may elicit detrimental effects. Autophagy has predominantly been examined within cardiac or vascular smooth muscle tissue within the context of disease development and progression. Autophagic flux within the endothelium holds an important role in maintaining vascular function, demonstrated by the necessary role for intact autophagic flux for shear-induced release of nitric oxide however the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Within this review, we theorize that autophagy itself does not solely control vascular homeostasis, rather, it works in concert with mitochondria, telomerase, and lipids to maintain physiological function. The primary emphasis of this review is on the role of autophagy within the human vasculature, and the integrative effects with physiological processes and diseases as they relate to the vascular structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53213, USA.
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53213, USA
| | - David D Gutterman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53213, USA
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31
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A promising therapeutic combination for metastatic prostate cancer: Chloroquine as autophagy inhibitor and palladium(II) barbiturate complex. Biochimie 2020; 175:159-172. [PMID: 32497551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process for cells that can provide energy sources and allows cancer cells to evade cell death. Therefore, studies on the combination of autophagy inhibitors with drugs are increasing as a new treatment modality in cancer. Previously, we reported the anti-tumor activity of a Palladium (Pd)(II) complex against different types of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Chloroquine (CQ), the worldwide used anti-malarial drug, has recently been focused as a chemosensitizer in cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a combined treatment of these agents that work through different mechanisms to provide an effective treatment modality for metastatic prostate cancer that is certainly fatal. Metastatic prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) were treated with Pd (II) complex, CQ, and their combination. The combination enhanced apoptosis by increasing phosphatidylserine translocation and pro-apoptotic proteins. Apoptosis was confirmed by the use of apoptosis inhibitor. The formation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) was observed by acridine orange staining in fluorescence microscopy. The Pd (II) complex increased AVOs formation in prostate cancer cells and CQ-pretreatment has potentiated this effect. Importantly, treatment with CQ suppressed the pro-survival function of autophagy, which might have contributed to enhanced cytotoxicity. In addition, PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related protein expressions were altered after the combination of treatments. Our results suggest that combination treatment enhances apoptotic cell death possibly via the inhibition of autophagy, and may therefore be regarded as a novel and better approach for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.
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32
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Luo H, Zhang R, Krigman J, McAdams A, Ozgen S, Sun N. A Healthy Heart and a Healthy Brain: Looking at Mitophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:294. [PMID: 32435642 PMCID: PMC7218083 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging and is a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases and various cardiovascular disorders. Mitophagy, a specialized autophagic pathway to remove damaged mitochondria, provides a critical mechanism to maintain mitochondrial quality. This function has been implicated in a tissue's ability to appropriately respond to metabolic and to bioenergetic stress, as well as to recover from mitochondrial damage. A global decline in mitophagic flux has been postulated to be linked to pathological alterations that occur in the heart and the brain as well as a general age-dependent decline in organ function. Cellular observation suggests multiple mechanistically distinct pathways converge upon and activate mitophagy. Over the past decade, additional molecular components within mitophagy have been discovered, including several disease-associated genes that are functionally implicated in mitophagy. However, the pathophysiological role of mitophagy, and how it is regulated within normal physiology or various disease states, is less well established. Here, we will review the evidence that a decline in mitophagy contributes to impaired mitochondrial homeostasis and may be particularly detrimental to postmitotic neurons and cardiomyocytes. We will discuss mitophagy's pathological significance in both neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disorders. Additionally, signaling pathways regulating mitophagy are reviewed, with emphasis placed on how these pathways might contribute to disease progression. Understanding mitophagy's role in the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis should allow for the development of more efficient strategies to battle pathological conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongke Luo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Graduate Research, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Judith Krigman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Allison McAdams
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Serra Ozgen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nuo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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33
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Cao X, Jin X, Liu B. The involvement of stress granules in aging and aging-associated diseases. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13136. [PMID: 32170904 PMCID: PMC7189987 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are nonmembrane assemblies formed in cells in response to stress conditions. SGs mainly contain untranslated mRNA and a variety of proteins. RNAs and scaffold proteins with intrinsically disordered regions or RNA-binding domains are essential for the assembly of SGs, and multivalent macromolecular interactions among these components are thought to be the driving forces for SG assembly. The SG assembly process includes regulation through post-translational modification and involvement of the cytoskeletal system. During aging, many intracellular bioprocesses become disrupted by factors such as cellular environmental changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decline in the protein quality control system. Such changes could lead to the formation of aberrant SGs, as well as alterations in their maintenance, disassembly, and clearance. These aberrant SGs might in turn promote aging and aging-associated diseases. In this paper, we first review the latest progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying SG assembly and SG functioning under stress conditions. Then, we provide a detailed discussion of the relevance of SGs to aging and aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture School of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture School of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China
| | - Beidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture School of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Goteborg Sweden
- Center for Large‐scale Cell‐based Screening Faculty of Science University of Gothenburg Goteborg Sweden
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34
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Chung C, Silwal P, Kim I, Modlin RL, Jo EK. Vitamin D-Cathelicidin Axis: at the Crossroads between Protective Immunity and Pathological Inflammation during Infection. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e12. [PMID: 32395364 PMCID: PMC7192829 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D signaling plays an essential role in innate defense against intracellular microorganisms via the generation of the antimicrobial protein cathelicidin. In addition to directly binding to and killing a range of pathogens, cathelicidin acts as a secondary messenger driving vitamin D-mediated inflammation during infection. Recent studies have elucidated the biological and clinical functions of cathelicidin in the context of vitamin D signaling. The vitamin D-cathelicidin axis is involved in the activation of autophagy, which enhances antimicrobial effects against diverse pathogens. Vitamin D studies have also revealed positive and negative regulatory effects of cathelicidin on inflammatory responses to pathogenic stimuli. Diverse innate and adaptive immune signals crosstalk with functional vitamin D receptor signals to enhance the role of cathelicidin action in cell-autonomous effector systems. In this review, we discuss recent findings that demonstrate how the vitamin D-cathelicidin pathway regulates autophagy machinery, protective immune defenses, and inflammation, and contributes to immune cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity. Understanding how the vitamin D-cathelicidin axis operates in the host response to infection will create opportunities for the development of new therapeutic approaches against a variety of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeuk Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Insoo Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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35
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Li G, Wang X, Yang H, Zhang P, Wu F, Li Y, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Ma H, Zhang W, Li J. α-Linolenic acid but not linolenic acid protects against hypertension: critical role of SIRT3 and autophagic flux. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:83. [PMID: 32015327 PMCID: PMC6997421 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) or linolenic acid (LA) intake was reported to be epidemiologically associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension, recent clinical trials have yielded conflicting results. Comparable experimental evidence for the roles of these two different fatty acids is still lacking and the underlying mechanisms need to be further elucidated. Our data showed that ALA but not LA supplementation alleviated systolic blood pressure elevation and improved ACh-induced, endothelium-dependent vasodilation in both spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and AngII-induced hypertensive mice. In addition, SHRs displayed reduced vascular Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression, subsequent superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) hyperacetylation and mitochondrial ROS overproduction, all of which were ameliorated by ALA but not LA supplementation. In primary cultured endothelial cells, ALA treatment directly inhibited SIRT3 reduction, SOD2 hyperacetylation, mitochondrial ROS overproduction and alleviated autophagic flux impairment induced by AngII plus TNFα treatment. However, these beneficial effects of ALA were completely blocked by silencing SIRT3. Restoration of autophagic flux by rapamycin also inhibited mitochondrial ROS overproduction in endothelial cells exposed to AngII plus TNFα. More interestingly, SIRT3 KO mice developed severe hypertension in response to a low dose of AngII infusion, while ALA supplementation lost its anti-hypertensive and endothelium-protective effects on these mice. Our findings suggest that ALA but not LA supplementation improves endothelial dysfunction and diminishes experimental hypertension by rescuing SIRT3 impairment to restore autophagic flux and mitochondrial redox balance in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Li
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fangqin Wu
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yunchu Li
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Science, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jia Li
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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36
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Liang D, Zhuo Y, Guo Z, He L, Wang X, He Y, Li L, Dai H. SIRT1/PGC-1 pathway activation triggers autophagy/mitophagy and attenuates oxidative damage in intestinal epithelial cells. Biochimie 2019; 170:10-20. [PMID: 31830513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress leads to intestinal epithelial cells damage, which induces tight junction injury and systemic endogenous stress syndrome. The evidence suggests that SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway is closely associated with oxidative damage. However, the mechanism in protecting intestinal epithelial cells against oxidative stress dependant on autopahgy/mitophagy remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the functional role of SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway on regulation of autopahgy/mitophagy and tight junction protein expression underlying the oxidative dysfunction in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1). Results demonstrated that H2O2 exposure caused high accumulation of ROS, with a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and an inhibition of the tight junction molecules in IPEC-1 cells. Also, COX IV mRNA expression and SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway were suppressed. Autophagy and PINK1/Parkin dependant-mitophagy were activated following H2O2 treatment. Further research indicated that activation of SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway caused by specific activator SRT 1720 resulted in elevating autophagy/mitophagy related markers and SIRT1 inhibitor EX 527 reversed these effects. Additionally, SIRT1 activation significantly suppressed the ROS generation, leading to increase mitochondrial membrane potential and COX IV expression. Most importantly, the expression of tight junction molecules contributing to maintain intestinal barrier integrity was significantly up-regulated. Collectively, these findings indicated that autophagy/mitophagy elevation caused by SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway activation might be a protective mechanism to increase tight junction integrity against oxidative stress-mediated ROS production in IPEC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yisha Zhuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zeheng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lihua He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yulong He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lexing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hanchuan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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37
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Li L, Sun S, Tan L, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Polystyrene Nanoparticles Reduced ROS and Inhibited Ferroptosis by Triggering Lysosome Stress and TFEB Nucleus Translocation in a Size-Dependent Manner. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7781-7792. [PMID: 31558022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Though plastic nanoparticles have already raised much concern for their potential impact on health, our understanding of their biological effects is still utterly limited. Here we demonstrate for the first time that carboxyl-modified polystyrene nanoparticles (CPS) could effectively inhibit ferroptosis as a result of reduced cellular ROS which was triggered by transcription factor EB (TFEB) nucleus translocation. In this process, CPS first entered cells via macropinocytosis, then CPS-containing macropinosomes fused with lysosomes and expanded into abnormal lysosome-like large vacuoles in vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and aquaporins (AQPs) in a dependent way. These large vacuoles were detected both in vitro and in vivo, which was found to be a sign of lysosome stress. The lysosome stress induced deactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) which led to nucleus translocation of TFEB. Then, TFEB-dependent enhanced expression of lysosomal proteins and superoxide dismutase (SOD) which ultimately led to ROS reduction and inhibition of ferroptosis. Knockout of TFEB-enhanced ferroptosis was triggered by Erastin and abolished the effect of CPS on ROS and ferroptosis. In summary, our results reveal a novel mechanism whereby CPS reduced ROS and inhibited ferroptosis in a TFEB-dependent way. These findings have important implications for understanding the biological effects of polystyrene nanoparticles and searching for new anti-ROS and antiferroptosis particles or reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Shili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Lingli Tan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
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Spaulding HR, Ballmann C, Quindry JC, Hudson MB, Selsby JT. Autophagy in the heart is enhanced and independent of disease progression in mus musculus dystrophinopathy models. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 8:2048004019879581. [PMID: 31656622 PMCID: PMC6790947 DOI: 10.1177/2048004019879581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a muscle wasting disease caused by dystrophin
gene mutations resulting in dysfunctional dystrophin protein. Autophagy, a
proteolytic process, is impaired in dystrophic skeletal muscle though little
is known about the effect of dystrophin deficiency on autophagy in cardiac
muscle. We hypothesized that with disease progression autophagy would become
increasingly dysfunctional based upon indirect autophagic markers. Methods Markers of autophagy were measured by western blot in 7-week-old and
17-month-old control (C57) and dystrophic (mdx) hearts. Results Counter to our hypothesis, markers of autophagy were similar between groups.
Given these surprising results, two independent experiments were conducted
using 14-month-old mdx mice or 10-month-old mdx/Utrn± mice, a
more severe model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Data from these animals
suggest increased autophagosome degradation. Conclusion Together these data suggest that autophagy is not impaired in the dystrophic
myocardium as it is in dystrophic skeletal muscle and that disease
progression and related injury is independent of autophagic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Spaulding
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - C Ballmann
- Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, USA
| | - J C Quindry
- Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - M B Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - J T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
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Perrone L, Squillaro T, Napolitano F, Terracciano C, Sampaolo S, Melone MAB. The Autophagy Signaling Pathway: A Potential Multifunctional Therapeutic Target of Curcumin in Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081881. [PMID: 31412596 PMCID: PMC6723827 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the major intracellular machinery for degrading proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and organelles. This cellular process is essential for the maintenance of the correct cellular balance in both physiological and stress conditions. Because of its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, dysregulation of autophagy leads to various disease manifestations, such as inflammation, metabolic alterations, aging, and neurodegeneration. A common feature of many neurologic and neuromuscular diseases is the alteration of the autophagy-lysosomal pathways. For this reason, autophagy is considered a target for the prevention and/or cure of these diseases. Dietary intake of polyphenols has been demonstrated to prevent/ameliorate several of these diseases. Thus, natural products that can modulate the autophagy machinery are considered a promising therapeutic strategy. In particular, curcumin, a phenolic compound widely used as a dietary supplement, exerts an important effect in modulating autophagy. Herein, we report on the current knowledge concerning the role of curcumin in modulating the autophagy machinery in various neurological and neuromuscular diseases as well as its role in restoring the autophagy molecular mechanism in several cell types that have different effects on the progression of neurological and neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perrone
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, 2231 Rue de la Piscine, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Terracciano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Sampaolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, BioLife Building (015-00)1900 North 12th Street, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA.
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40
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Liao W, Wang Z, Fu Z, Ma H, Jiang M, Xu A, Zhang W. p62/SQSTM1 protects against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in kidneys by mediating the cross talk between autophagy and the Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:800-814. [PMID: 31223046 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1635251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weitang Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zongjie Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongkun Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mengdi Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Anping Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Chen P, Liu H, Xiang H, Zhou J, Zeng Z, Chen R, Zhao S, Xiao J, Shu Z, Chen S, Lu H. Palmitic acid-induced autophagy increases reactive oxygen species via the Ca 2+/PKCα/NOX4 pathway and impairs endothelial function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2425-2432. [PMID: 30906429 PMCID: PMC6425131 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the lipotoxic mechanism of palmitic acid (PA), a main constituent of triglyceride, is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, it has also been reported that PA is an autophagy inducer. However, the causal association and underlying mechanism of induced autophagy and ROS in PA toxicity remain unclear. The present study demonstrates for the first time that PA-induced autophagy enhances ROS generation via activating the calcium ion/protein kinase Cα/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Ca2+/PKCα/NOX4) pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). It was revealed that PA treatment resulted in a significant increase in ROS generation and autophagic activity, leading to endothelial dysfunction as indicated by downregulated nitric oxide synthesis, decreased capillary-like structure formation and damaged cell repair capability. Furthermore, PA effectively activated the Ca2+/PKCα/NOX4 pathway, which is indicative of upregulated cytosolic Ca2+ levels, activated PKCα and increased NOX4 protein expression. 3-Methyladenine was then used to inhibit autophagy, which significantly reduced PA-induced ROS generation and blocked the Ca2+/PKCα/NOX4 pathway. The endothelial dysfunction caused by PA was ameliorated by downregulating ROS generation using a NOX4 inhibitor. In conclusion, PA-induced autophagy contributes to endothelial dysfunction by increasing oxidative stress via the Ca2+/PKCα/NOX4 pathway in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hengdao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Burns, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhengpeng Zeng
- Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang Chen
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shaoli Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhihao Shu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Barbosa MC, Grosso RA, Fader CM. Hallmarks of Aging: An Autophagic Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 9:790. [PMID: 30687233 PMCID: PMC6333684 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major protein turnover pathway by which cellular components are delivered into the lysosomes for degradation and recycling. This intracellular process is able to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions, and its dysregulation could lead to the development of physiological alterations. The autophagic activity has been found to decrease with age, likely contributing to the accumulation of damaged macromolecules and organelles during aging. Interestingly, failure of the autophagic process has been reported to worsen aging-associated diseases, such as neurodegeneration or cancer, among others. Likewise, it has been proposed in different organisms that maintenance of a proper autophagic activity contributes to extending longevity. In this review, we discuss recent papers showing the impact of autophagy on cell activity and age-associated diseases, highlighting the relevance of this process to the hallmarks of aging. Thus, understanding how autophagy plays an important role in aging opens new avenues for the discovery of biochemical and pharmacological targets and the development of novel anti-aging therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carolina Barbosa
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Rubén Adrián Grosso
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Claudio Marcelo Fader
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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Kiyuna LA, Albuquerque RPE, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Ferreira JCB. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in heart failure: Challenges and opportunities. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:155-168. [PMID: 30227272 PMCID: PMC6309415 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by impaired bioenergetics, oxidative stress and aldehydic load is a hallmark of heart failure. Recently, different research groups have provided evidence that selective activation of mitochondrial detoxifying systems that counteract excessive accumulation of ROS, RNS and reactive aldehydes is sufficient to stop cardiac degeneration upon chronic stress, such as heart failure. Therefore, pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches targeting mitochondria detoxification may play a critical role in the prevention or treatment of heart failure. In this review we discuss the most recent findings on the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and aldehydic load in heart failure, highlighting the most recent preclinical and clinical studies using mitochondria-targeted molecules and exercise training as effective tools against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Akemi Kiyuna
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
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Autophagy promotes angiogenesis via AMPK/Akt/mTOR signaling during the recovery of heat-denatured endothelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1152. [PMID: 30455420 PMCID: PMC6242874 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that angiogenesis increased during the recovery of heat-denatured endothelial cells. However, the mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relation of autophagy and angiogenesis during the recovery of heat-denatured endothelial cells. A rat deep partial-thickness burn model and heat-denatured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) model (52 °C for 35 s) were used. Autophagy increased significantly in the dermis and HUVECs in a time-dependent manner after heat denaturation and recovery for 2-5 days. Rapamycin-mediated autophagy enhanced the pro-angiogenic effect, evidenced by increased proliferation and migration of HUVECs, and formation of tube-like structures. Autophagy inhibition by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) abolished the angiogenesis in heat-denatured HUVECs after recovery for 3-5 days. Moreover, heat denaturation augmented the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) but reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in HUVECs. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition by antioxidant NAC, compound C or AMPK siRNA impaired cell proliferation, migration and tube formation heat-denatured HUVECs. At last, the in vivo experiments also showed that inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 could suppress angiogenesis and recovery of heat-denatured dermis.Taken together, we firstly revealed that autophagy promotes angiogenesis via AMPK/Akt/mTOR signaling during the recovery of heat-denatured endothelial cells and may provide a potential therapeutic target for the recovery of heat-denatured dermis.
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Zhang L, Qiang P, Yu J, Miao Y, Chen Z, Qu J, Zhao Q, Chen Z, Liu Y, Yao X, Liu B, Cui L, Jing H, Sun G. Identification of compound CA-5f as a novel late-stage autophagy inhibitor with potent anti-tumor effect against non-small cell lung cancer. Autophagy 2018; 15:391-406. [PMID: 30145925 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1511503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, particular focus is placed on the implication of autophagy in a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Discovery of small-molecule modulators of autophagy as well as their potential use as anti-cancer therapeutic agents would be of great significance. To this end, a series of curcumin analogs previously synthesized in our laboratory were screened. Among these compounds, (3E,5E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methylene]-1-methylpiperidin-4-one (CA-5f) was identified as a potent late-stage macroautophagy/autophagy inhibitor via inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. We found that CA-5f neither impaired the hydrolytic function nor the quantity of lysosomes. Use of an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic screen in combination with bioinformatics analysis suggested that treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with CA-5f for 1 h suppressed the levels of cytoskeletal proteins and membrane traffic proteins. Subsequent studies showed that CA-5f exhibited strong cytotoxicity against A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but low cytotoxicity to normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), by increasing mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, CA-5f effectively suppressed the growth of A549 lung cancer xenograft as a single agent with an excellent tolerance in vivo. Results from western blot, immunofluorescence, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays showed that CA-5f inhibited autophagic flux, induced apoptosis, and did not affect the level of CTSB (cathepsin B) and CTSD (cathepsin D) in vivo, which were consistent with the in vitro data. Collectively, these results demonstrated that CA-5f is a novel late-stage autophagy inhibitor with potential clinical application for NSCLC therapy. Abbreviations: 3-MA, 3-methyladenine; ANXA5, annexin A5; ATG, autophagy related; CA-5f, (3E,5E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methylene]-1-methylpiperidin-4-one; CQ, chloroquine; CTSB, cathepsin B; CTSD, cathepsin D; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; DNM2, dynamin 2; EBSS, Earle's balanced salt solution; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HCQ, hydroxyl CQ; HEK293, human embryonic kidney 293; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; LAMP1, lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry; LDH, lactic acid dehydrogenase; LMO7, LIM domain 7; MAP1LC3B/LC3B, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; NAC, N-acetyl cysteine; MYO1E, myosin IE; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; PARP1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; PI, propidium iodide; RFP, red fluorescent protein; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SQSTM1, sequestosome 1; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - PengFei Qiang
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - JingTing Yu
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - YiMing Miao
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - ZhiQiang Chen
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Ju Qu
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - QianBing Zhao
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yachao Liu
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Xin Yao
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Bin Liu
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - LiuQing Cui
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - HongJuan Jing
- a College of Bioengineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Gangchun Sun
- b College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , China
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Abstract
The biological basis of human aging remains one of the greatest unanswered scientific questions. Increasing evidence, however, points to a role for alterations in mitochondrial function as a potential central regulator of the aging process. Here, we focus primarily on three aspects of mitochondrial biology that link this ancient organelle to how and why we age. In particular, we discuss the role of mitochondria in regulating the innate immune system, the mechanisms linking mitochondrial quality control to age-dependent pathology, and the possibility that mitochondrial-to-nuclear signaling might regulate the rate of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yong Jang
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arnon Blum
- Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jie Liu
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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47
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Chan SHH, Chan JYH. Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species Contribute to Neurogenic Hypertension. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 32:308-321. [PMID: 28615314 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00006.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond its primary role as fuel generators, mitochondria are engaged in a variety of cellular processes, including redox homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction, therefore, may have a profound impact on high-energy-demanding organs such as the brain. Here, we review the roles of mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics, and their associated signaling in cellular redox homeostasis, and illustrate their contributions to the oxidative stress-related neural mechanism of hypertension, focusing on specific brain areas that are involved in the generation or modulation of sympathetic outflows to the cardiovascular system. We also highlight future challenges of research on mitochondrial physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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48
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Deyu H, Luqing C, Xianglian L, Pu G, Qirong L, Xu W, Zonghui Y. Protective mechanisms involving enhanced mitochondrial functions and mitophagy against T-2 toxin-induced toxicities in GH3 cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:41-53. [PMID: 29870751 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is the most toxic member of trichothecene mycotoxin. So far, the mechanism of mitochondrial toxicity and protective mechanism in mammalian cells against T-2 toxin are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of T-2 toxin, and the cellular protective mechanisms in rat pituitary GH3 cells. We showed that T-2 toxin significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage and caused apoptosis in GH3 cells. T-2 toxin induced abnormal cell morphology, cytoplasm and nuclear shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies and autophagosomes. The mitochondrial degradative morphologies included local or total cristae collapse and small condensed mitochondria. T-2 toxin decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. However, T-2 toxin significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression of antioxidant genes glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1), catalase (CAT), mitochondria-specific SOD-2 and mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1, -2 and -3 (UCP-1, 2 and 3). Interestingly, T-2 toxin increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and mitochondrial complex I activity, and increased the expression of most of mitochondrial electron transport chain subunits tested and critical transcription factors controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. T-2 toxin increased mitophagic activity by increasing the expression of mitophagy-specific proteins NIP-like protein X (NIX), PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1 (PINK1) and E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin. T-2 toxin activated the protective protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, which activated the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/PINK1/Parkin pathway to mediate mitophagy. Taken together, our results suggested that the mammalian cells could increase their resistance against T-2 toxin by increasing the antioxidant activity, mitophagy and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Deyu
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Cui Luqing
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Liu Xianglian
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Guo Pu
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lu Qirong
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Zonghui
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Zaki-Dizaji M, Akrami SM, Azizi G, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A. Inflammation, a significant player of Ataxia-Telangiectasia pathogenesis? Inflamm Res 2018; 67:559-570. [PMID: 29582093 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) syndrome is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, chromosome instability, radiosensitivity, and predisposition to malignancy. There is growing evidence that A-T patients suffer from pathologic inflammation that is responsible for many symptoms of this syndrome, including neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, accelerated aging, and insulin resistance. In addition, epidemiological studies have shown A-T heterozygotes, somewhat like deficient patients, are susceptible to ionizing irradiation and have a higher risk of cancers and metabolic disorders. AREA COVERED This review summarizes clinical and molecular findings of inflammation in A-T syndrome. CONCLUSION Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), a master regulator of the DNA damage response is the protein known to be associated with A-T and has a complex nuclear and cytoplasmic role. Loss of ATM function may induce immune deregulation and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Akrami
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran.
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50
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Zhang W, Chen C, Wang J, Liu L, He Y, Chen Q. Mitophagy in Cardiomyocytes and in Platelets: A Major Mechanism of Cardioprotection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 33:86-98. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00030.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy, a process that selectively removes damaged organelles by autolysosomal degradation, is an early cellular response to ischemia. Mitophagy is activated in both cardiomyocytes and platelets during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and heart disease conditions. We focus on the molecular regulation of mitophagy and highlight the role of mitophagy in cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yubin He
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Chinese Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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