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Hong SH, Yu X, Zhu Y, Chen Y. Liver epigenomic signature associated with chronic oxidative stress in a mouse model of glutathione deficiency. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111093. [PMID: 38830566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is intimately involved in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease (FLD). A major factor contributing to oxidative stress is the depletion of the ubiquitous antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Unexpectedly, chronic GSH deficiency renders glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm)-null mice protected from fatty liver injuries. Epigenetic regulation serves as an important cellular mechanism in modulating gene expression and disease outcome in FLD, although it is not well understood how systemic redox imbalance modifies the liver epigenome. In the current study, utilizing the Gclm-null mouse model, we aimed to elucidate redox-associated epigenomic changes and their implications in liver stress response. We performed high-throughput array-based DNA methylation profiling (MeDIP array) in 22,327 gene promoter regions (from -1300 bp to +500 bp of the Transcription Start Sites) in the liver and peripheral blood cells. Results from the MeDIP array demonstrate that, although global methylation enrichment in gene promoters did not change, low GSH resulted in prevalent demethylation at the individual promoter level. Such an effect likely attributed to a declined availability of the methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) in Gclm-null liver. Functional enrichment analysis of liver target genes is suggestive of a potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in promoting cellular survival and lipid homeostasis in Gclm-null liver. In comparison with the liver tissue, MeDIP array in peripheral blood cells revealed a panel of 19 gene promoters that are candidate circulating biomarkers for hepatic epigenomic changes associated with chronic GSH deficiency. Collectively, our results provided new insights into the in vivo interplay between liver redox state and DNA methylation status. The current study laid the groundwork for future epigenetic/epigenomic investigations in experimental settings or human populations under conditions of liver oxidative stress induced by environmental or dietary challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwi Hong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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2
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Foyer CH, Kunert K. The ascorbate-glutathione cycle coming of age. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2682-2699. [PMID: 38243395 PMCID: PMC11066808 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Concepts regarding the operation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the associated water/water cycle in the processing of metabolically generated hydrogen peroxide and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well established in the literature. However, our knowledge of the functions of these cycles and their component enzymes continues to grow and evolve. Recent insights include participation in the intrinsic environmental and developmental signalling pathways that regulate plant growth, development, and defence. In addition to ROS processing, the enzymes of the two cycles not only support the functions of ascorbate and glutathione, they also have 'moonlighting' functions. They are subject to post-translational modifications and have an extensive interactome, particularly with other signalling proteins. In this assessment of current knowledge, we highlight the central position of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the network of cellular redox systems that underpin the energy-sensitive communication within the different cellular compartments and integrate plant signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karl Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 2001, South Africa
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3
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Palma FR, Coelho DR, Pulakanti K, Sakiyama MJ, Huang Y, Ogata FT, Danes JM, Meyer A, Furdui CM, Spitz DR, Gomes AP, Gantner BN, Rao S, Backman V, Bonini MG. Histone H3.1 is a chromatin-embedded redox sensor triggered by tumor cells developing adaptive phenotypic plasticity and multidrug resistance. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113897. [PMID: 38493478 PMCID: PMC11209755 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure is regulated through posttranslational modifications of histone variants that modulate transcription. Although highly homologous, histone variants display unique amino acid sequences associated with specific functions. Abnormal incorporation of histone variants contributes to cancer initiation, therapy resistance, and metastasis. This study reports that, among its biologic functions, histone H3.1 serves as a chromatin redox sensor that is engaged by mitochondrial H2O2. In breast cancer cells, the oxidation of H3.1Cys96 promotes its eviction and replacement by H3.3 in specific promoters. We also report that this process facilitates the opening of silenced chromatin domains and transcriptional activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal genes associated with cell plasticity. Scavenging nuclear H2O2 or amino acid substitution of H3.1(C96S) suppresses plasticity, restores sensitivity to chemotherapy, and induces remission of metastatic lesions. Hence, it appears that increased levels of H2O2 produced by mitochondria of breast cancer cells directly promote redox-regulated H3.1-dependent chromatin remodeling involved in chemoresistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio R Palma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Diego R Coelho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kirthi Pulakanti
- Versiti Blood Research Institute of Wisconsin, and Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Marcelo J Sakiyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yunping Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Fernando T Ogata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jeanne M Danes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alison Meyer
- Versiti Blood Research Institute of Wisconsin, and Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
| | - Ana P Gomes
- Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Versiti Blood Research Institute of Wisconsin, and Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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4
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Caporossi D, Dimauro I. Exercise-induced redox modulation as a mediator of DNA methylation in health maintenance and disease prevention. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:113-122. [PMID: 38242245 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The evidence for physical activity (PA) as a major public health preventive approach and a potent medical therapy has increased exponentially in the last decades. The biomolecular mechanisms supporting the associations between PA and/or structured exercise training with health maintenance and disease prevention are not completely characterized. However, increasing evidence pointed out the role of epigenetic modifications in exercise adaptation and health-enhancing PA throughout life, DNA methylation being the most intensely studied epigenetic modification induced by acute and chronic exercise. The current data on the modulation of DNA methylation determined by physically active behavior or exercise interventions points out genes related to energy regulation, mitochondrial function, and biosynthesis, as well as muscle regeneration, calcium signaling pathways, and brain plasticity, all consistent with the known exercise-induced redox signaling and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) unbalance. Thus, the main focus of this review is to discuss the role of ROS and redox-signaling on DNA methylation profile and its impact on exercise-induced health benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome, 00135, Italy.
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome, 00135, Italy
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García-Giménez JL, Cánovas-Cervera I, Pallardó FV. Oxidative stress and metabolism meet epigenetic modulation in physical exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:123-137. [PMID: 38199289 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise is established as an important factor of health and generally is recommended for its positive effects on several tissues, organs, and systems. These positive effects come from metabolic adaptations that also include oxidative eustress, in which physical activity increases ROS production and antioxidant mechanisms, although this depends on the intensity of the exercise. Muscle metabolism through mechanisms such as aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative lipid metabolism can produce metabolites and co-factors which directly impact the epigenetic machinery. In this review, we clearly reinforce the evidence that exercise regulates several epigenetic mechanisms and explain how these mechanisms can be regulated by metabolic products and co-factors produced during exercise. In fact, recent evidence has demonstrated the importance of epigenetics in the gene expression changes implicated in metabolic adaptation after exercise. Importantly, intermediates of the metabolism generated by continuous, acute, moderate, or strenuous exercise control the activity of epigenetic enzymes, therefore turning on or turning off the gene expression of specific programs which can lead to physiological adaptations after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Giménez
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain; CIBERER, The Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Cánovas-Cervera
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain; CIBERER, The Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Benhalima H, Sbartai H, Sbartai I. Evaluation the Toxicity of Heavy Metal Mixtures in Anecic Earthworms (Aporrectodea giardi). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 86:13-24. [PMID: 37971513 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01034-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Using earthworms as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in soils is a relevant tool for environmental risk monitoring. This study examines the combined effects of four distinct concentrations mixtures (M1, M2, M3 and M4) containing Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Fe and Mn on Aporrectodea giardi earthworms after 12 and 24 days (12 D/24 D) of exposure via the monitoring of certain biomarkers of stress including total protein content, glutathione (GSH), metallothionein (MT), catalase and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities. The results show a decrease in the total protein level for the M3 mixture after 24 D, whereas it increases for all other treatments regardless of exposure time. Glutathione and metallothionine levels increased for M2 and M3 and decreased for M1 and M4 after 12 D; they increased after 24 D for all the mixtures. Regarding enzyme activities, catalase activity was decreased for all the treatments unless for M3 (P > 0.05). However, LOX increased for M1, M2 and M4 except for M3 after 12 D, when inhibition of this biomarker was observed. LOX activity was inhibited for all the mixtures at the end of the treatment. All the mixtures generated oxidative stress in Aporrectodea giardi, which is minimized by increasing MT levels to remove the metal ions and triggering the antioxidant system, composed primarily of GSH and LOX to restore cellular homeostasis. These findings suggest that the species Aporrectodea giardi could be an excellent candidate for ecotoxicological risk assessment of soils contaminated by metal mixtures and it can be used in bioremediation for its fitness which allows it to tolerate high concentrations of metal mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadia Benhalima
- Laboratory of Cellular Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Hana Sbartai
- Laboratory of Cellular Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria.
| | - Ibtissem Sbartai
- Laboratory of Cellular Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
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7
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Radak Z, Pan L, Zhou L, Mozaffaritabar S, Gu Y, A Pinho R, Zheng X, Ba X, Boldogh I. Epigenetic and "redoxogenetic" adaptation to physical exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:65-74. [PMID: 37977212 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced adaptation is achieved by altering the epigenetic landscape of the entire genome leading to the expression of genes involved in various processes including regulatory, metabolic, adaptive, immune, and myogenic functions. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the methylation pattern/levels of promoter/enhancer is not linearly correlated with gene expression and proteome levels during physical activity implying a level of complexity and interplay with other regulatory modulators. It has been shown that a higher level of physical fitness is associated with a slower DNA methylation-based aging clock. There is strong evidence supporting exercise-induced ROS being a key regulatory mediator through overlapping events, both as signaling entities and through oxidative modifications to various protein mediators and DNA molecules. ROS generated by physical activity shapes epigenome both directly and indirectly, a complexity we are beginning to unravel within the epigenetic arrangement. Oxidative modification of guanine to 8-oxoguanine is a non-genotoxic alteration, does not distort DNA helix and serves as an epigenetic-like mark. The reader and eraser of oxidized guanine is the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, contributing to changes in gene expression. In fact, it can modulate methylation patterns of promoters/enhancers consequently leading to multiple phenotypic changes. Here, we provide evidence and discuss the potential roles of exercise-induced ROS in altering cytosine methylation patterns during muscle adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Soroosh Mozaffaritabar
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Xu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
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Shi L, Zhang D, Han H, Zhang L, Li S, Yang F, He C. HOTAIR knockdown impairs metastasis of cervical cancer cells by down-regulating metastasis-related genes. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2023; 43:2181060. [PMID: 36972141 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2023.2181060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of LncRNA HOTAIR knockdown in the biological impacts on cervical cancer cells. The HOTAIR gene in two human cervical cancer cell lines was silenced with small interfering (si) RNA siHOTAIR. Proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of cells were assessed following the knockdown. The expressions of Notch1, EpCAM, E-cadherin, vimentin and STAT3 were assessed using qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. Compared with controls, HOTAIR levels were reduced significantly, the OD values of cells were significantly decreased in proliferation assays, cell apoptosis was significantly increased, cell migration and invasion were significantly reduced after HOTAIR knockdown. Molecular analysis showed that Notch1, EpCAM, vimentin and STAT3 expressions were decreased significantly, while the expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased after HOTAIR knockdown. Rescue experiments further confirmed that Notch1 and STAT3 were involved in siHOTAIR-mediated reduction of migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Long non-coding RNAs including HOTAIR, is implicated in occurrence and development of cancer and have been explored to develop new therapeutic options for cancer.What do the results of this study add? HOTAIR silencing significantly reduces the viability and migration ability of cells and induces cell apoptosis, adding experimental data supporting the potential use of HOTAIR specific-siRNA as a therapeutic avenue for the cancer.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The finding from this study would help develop clinically applicable therapeutic avenues for the cancer and identify new treatment targets in the relevant pathways leading to new drugs or treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Dehui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital and Huiren Cancer Hospital, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the 962 Hospital, Joint Logistics Support of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Sirui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Caijun He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the 962 Hospital, Joint Logistics Support of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Harbin, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Yao Y, Huang X, Li C, Deng P, Jiang G, Dai Q. The effect of epigallocatechin gallate on laying performance, egg quality, immune status, antioxidant capacity, and hepatic metabolome of laying ducks reared in high temperature condition. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-11. [PMID: 37921498 PMCID: PMC11003483 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2280041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a main component in green tea extract, which possesses multiple bioactivities. The present research studied the effects of EGCG on the laying performance, egg quality, immune status, antioxidant capacity, and hepatic metabolome of Linwu laying ducks reared under high temperature. A total of 180 42-w-old healthy Linwu laying ducks were allocated into control or EGCG-treated groups. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 15 ducks in each replicate. Diets for the two groups were basal diets supplemented with 0 or 300 mg/kg EGCG, respectively. All ducks were raised in the high temperature condition (35 ± 2 °C for 6 h from 10:00 to 16:00, and 28 ± 2 °C for the other 18 h from 16:00 to 10:00 the next day) for 21 days. Results showed that EGCG increased the egg production rate (p = 0.014) and enhanced the immunocompetence by improving serum levels of immunoglobulin A (p = 0.008) and immunoglobulin G (p = 0.006). EGCG also fortified the antioxidant capacity by activating superoxide dismutase (p = 0.012), catalase (p = 0.009), and glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.021), and increasing the level of heat-shock protein 70 (p = 0.003) in laying ducks' liver. At the same time, hepatic metabolomics result suggested that EGCG increased the concentration of several key metabolites, such as spermidine (p = 0.031), tetramethylenediamine (p = 0.009), hyoscyamine (p = 0.026), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (p = 0.038), and pantothenic acid (p = 0.010), which were involved in the metabolic pathways of glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, and tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis. In conclusion, 300 mg/kg dietary EGCG showed protection effects on the laying ducks reared in high temperature by improving the immune and antioxidant capacities, which contributed to the increase of laying performance of ducks. The potential mechanism could be that EGCG modulate the synthesis of key metabolites and associated metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yaling Yao
- Huaihua Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Transaction Center, Huaihua, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Guitao Jiang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuzhong Dai
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China
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10
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Najafi A, Asadi E, Benson JD. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation: a review on reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant therapy. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 393:401-423. [PMID: 37328708 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Fortunately, the survival rate of cancer continues to rise, owing to advances in cancer treatments. However, these treatments are gonadotoxic and cause infertility. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation (OTCT) is the most flexible option to preserve fertility in women and children with cancer. However, OTCT is associated with significant follicle loss and an accompanying short lifespan of the grafts. There has been a decade of research in cryopreservation-induced oxidative stress in single cells with significant successes in mitigating this major source of loss of viability. However, despite its success elsewhere and beyond a few promising experiments, little attention has been paid to this key aspect of OTCT-induced damage. As more and more clinical practices adopt OTCT for fertility preservation, it is a critical time to review oxidative stress as a cause of damage and to outline potential ameliorative interventions. Here we give an overview of the application of OTCT for female fertility preservation and existing challenges; clarify the potential contribution of oxidative stress in ovarian follicle loss; and highlight potential ability of antioxidant treatments to mitigate the OTCT-induced injuries that might be of interest to cryobiologists and reproductive clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Najafi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ebrahim Asadi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - James D Benson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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11
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Ferreira AV, Kostidis S, Groh LA, Koeken VACM, Bruno M, Baydemir I, Kilic G, Bulut Ö, Andriopoulou T, Spanou V, Synodinou KD, Gkavogianni T, Moorlag SJCFM, Charlotte de Bree L, Mourits VP, Matzaraki V, Koopman WJH, van de Veerdonk FL, Renieris G, Giera M, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Novakovic B, Domínguez-Andrés J. Dimethyl itaconate induces long-term innate immune responses and confers protection against infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112658. [PMID: 37330914 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Itaconate is an immunomodulatory metabolite produced by immune cells under microbial stimulation and certain pro-inflammatory conditions and triggers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. We show that dimethyl itaconate, a derivative of itaconate previously linked to suppression of inflammation and widely employed as an alternative to the endogenous metabolite, can induce long-term transcriptional, epigenomic, and metabolic changes, characteristic of trained immunity. Dimethyl itaconate alters glycolytic and mitochondrial energetic metabolism, ultimately leading to increased responsiveness to microbial ligand stimulation. Subsequently, mice treated with dimethyl itaconate present increased survival to infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, itaconate levels in human plasma correlate with enhanced ex vivo pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that dimethyl itaconate displays short-term anti-inflammatory characteristics and the capacity to induce long-term trained immunity. This pro-and anti-inflammatory dichotomy of dimethyl itaconate is likely to induce complex immune responses and should be contemplated when considering itaconate derivatives in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaísa V Ferreira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laszlo A Groh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; TWINCORE, a Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, a Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mariolina Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilayda Baydemir
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Özlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Theano Andriopoulou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Victoria Spanou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi D Synodinou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Theologia Gkavogianni
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L Charlotte de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vera P Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Georgios Renieris
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Gómez de Cedrón M, Moreno Palomares R, Ramírez de Molina A. Metabolo-epigenetic interplay provides targeted nutritional interventions in chronic diseases and ageing. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1169168. [PMID: 37404756 PMCID: PMC10315663 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1169168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are chemical modifications that affect gene expression without altering DNA sequences. In particular, epigenetic chemical modifications can occur on histone proteins -mainly acetylation, methylation-, and on DNA and RNA molecules -mainly methylation-. Additional mechanisms, such as RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression and determinants of the genomic architecture can also affect gene expression. Importantly, depending on the cellular context and environment, epigenetic processes can drive developmental programs as well as functional plasticity. However, misbalanced epigenetic regulation can result in disease, particularly in the context of metabolic diseases, cancer, and ageing. Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCD) and ageing share common features including altered metabolism, systemic meta-inflammation, dysfunctional immune system responses, and oxidative stress, among others. In this scenario, unbalanced diets, such as high sugar and high saturated fatty acids consumption, together with sedentary habits, are risk factors implicated in the development of NCCD and premature ageing. The nutritional and metabolic status of individuals interact with epigenetics at different levels. Thus, it is crucial to understand how we can modulate epigenetic marks through both lifestyle habits and targeted clinical interventions -including fasting mimicking diets, nutraceuticals, and bioactive compounds- which will contribute to restore the metabolic homeostasis in NCCD. Here, we first describe key metabolites from cellular metabolic pathways used as substrates to "write" the epigenetic marks; and cofactors that modulate the activity of the epigenetic enzymes; then, we briefly show how metabolic and epigenetic imbalances may result in disease; and, finally, we show several examples of nutritional interventions - diet based interventions, bioactive compounds, and nutraceuticals- and exercise to counteract epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Cell Metabolism Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Moreno Palomares
- Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- FORCHRONIC S.L, Avda. Industria, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Chou PJ, Sarwar MS, Wang L, Wu R, Li S, Hudlikar RR, Wang Y, Su X, Kong AN. Metabolomic, DNA Methylomic, and Transcriptomic Profiling of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Effects on LPS-Exposed Lung Epithelial Cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:321-332. [PMID: 36867722 PMCID: PMC10238674 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with anticancer effects via epigenetic and non-epigenetic mechanisms. The role of SAHA in metabolic rewiring and epigenomic reprogramming to inhibit pro-tumorigenic cascades in lung cancer remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, DNA methylome reprogramming, and transcriptomic gene expression by SAHA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model of lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. LC/MS was used for metabolomic analysis, while next-generation sequencing was done to study epigenetic changes. The metabolomic study reveals that SAHA treatment significantly regulated methionine, glutathione, and nicotinamide metabolism with alteration of the metabolite levels of methionine, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, glutathione, nicotinamide, 1-methylnicotinamide, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in BEAS-2B cells. Epigenomic CpG methyl-seq shows SAHA revoked a list of differentially methylated regions in the promoter region of the genes, such as HDAC11, miR4509-1, and miR3191. Transcriptomic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) reveals SAHA abrogated LPS-induced differentially expressed genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1α (IL1α), IL1β, IL2, IL6, IL24, and IL32. Integrative analysis of DNA methylome-RNA transcriptome displays a list of genes, of which CpG methylation correlated with changes in gene expression. qPCR validation of transcriptomic RNA-seq data shows that SAHA treatment significantly reduced the LPS-induced mRNA levels of IL1β, IL6, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), and DNMT3A in BEAS-2B cells. Altogether, SAHA treatment alters the mitochondrial metabolism, epigenetic CpG methylation, and transcriptomic gene expression to inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory responses in lung epithelial cells, which may provide novel molecular targets to inhibit the inflammation component of lung carcinogenesis. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Inflammation increases the risk of lung cancer and blocking inflammation could reduce the incidence of lung cancer. Herein, we demonstrate that histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid regulates metabolic rewiring and epigenetic reprogramming to attenuate lipopolysaccharide-driven inflammation in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pochung Jordan Chou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Md. Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shanyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rasika R Hudlikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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14
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Rubio K, Hernández-Cruz EY, Rogel-Ayala DG, Sarvari P, Isidoro C, Barreto G, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Nutriepigenomics in Environmental-Associated Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030771. [PMID: 36979019 PMCID: PMC10045733 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex molecular mechanisms define our responses to environmental stimuli. Beyond the DNA sequence itself, epigenetic machinery orchestrates changes in gene expression induced by diet, physical activity, stress and pollution, among others. Importantly, nutrition has a strong impact on epigenetic players and, consequently, sustains a promising role in the regulation of cellular responses such as oxidative stress. As oxidative stress is a natural physiological process where the presence of reactive oxygen-derived species and nitrogen-derived species overcomes the uptake strategy of antioxidant defenses, it plays an essential role in epigenetic changes induced by environmental pollutants and culminates in signaling the disruption of redox control. In this review, we present an update on epigenetic mechanisms induced by environmental factors that lead to oxidative stress and potentially to pathogenesis and disease progression in humans. In addition, we introduce the microenvironment factors (physical contacts, nutrients, extracellular vesicle-mediated communication) that influence the epigenetic regulation of cellular responses. Understanding the mechanisms by which nutrients influence the epigenome, and thus global transcription, is crucial for future early diagnostic and therapeutic efforts in the field of environmental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rubio
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Ecocampus, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico
- Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Estefani Y Hernández-Cruz
- Postgraduate in Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Diana G Rogel-Ayala
- Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Ciro Isidoro
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Paolo Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Ecocampus, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico
- Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
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15
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Beyond Antioxidant Activity: Redox Properties of Catechins May Affect Changes in the DNA Methylation Profile—The Example of SRXN1 Gene. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030754. [PMID: 36979004 PMCID: PMC10045509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of catechins in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression has been widely studied; however, if and how this phenomenon relates to the redox properties of these polyphenols remains unknown. Our earlier study demonstrated that exposure of the human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cell line to these antioxidants affects the expression of redox-related genes. In particular, treatment with (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) downregulated transcription of gene encoding sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1), the peroxidase involved in the protection of cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the observed SRXN1 downregulation was accompanied by changes in the DNA methylation level of its promoter and, if so, whether it was correlated with the redox properties of catechins. The impact on DNA methylation profile in HT29 cells treated with different concentrations of five catechins, varying in chemical structures and standard reduction potentials as well as susceptibility to oxidation, was monitored by a methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting technique employing the SRXN1 promoter region as a model target. We demonstrated that catechins, indeed, are able to modulate DNA methylation of the SRXN1 gene in a redox-related manner. The nonlinear method in the statistical analysis made it possible to fish out two parameters (charge transfer in oxidation process Qox and time of electron transfer t), whose strong interactions correlated with observed modulation of DNA methylation by catechins. Based on these findings, we present a proof-of-concept that DNA methylation, which limits SRXN1 expression and thus restricts the multidirectional antioxidant action of SRXN1, may represent a mechanism protecting cells against reductive stress caused by particularly fast-reacting reductants such as EGC and (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) in our study.
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16
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Yang F, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Jiang H, Jiang Z, Yang M, Li M, Su Y, Yan Z, Lin Y, Li D. pH-sensitive molybdenum (Mo)-based polyoxometalate nanoclusters have therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease by counteracting ferroptosis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106645. [PMID: 36610695 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic drugs for ulcerative colitis (UC) remained inadequate due to drug dependence and unacceptable adverse events. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a critical role in the occurrence and development of UC, which most likely benefited from treatment in scavenging ROS. In this study, we developed a pH-sensitive molybdenum-based polyoxometalate (POM) nanocluster, which might contribute to site specific colonic delivery and enhance systemic efficacy of UC treatment. Our results demonstrated that POM displayed robust ROS scavenging ability in vitro. POM could significantly alleviate the enteric symptoms and inflammatory indicators in DSS-induced UC mouse models. Flow cytometry showed an effective diminishment of macrophages, neutrophils and T cells infiltration after POM administration in UC models. Also, for the first time, we demonstrated that POM interfered with metabolic pathway associated to oxidative stress and partially improved the abnormal production of intestinal metabolites in UC to some extent. Benefiting from the ROS scavenging ability, POM attenuated ferroptosis in DSS induced UC, as evidenced by increase of GSH, down-expression of GPX4 and improvement in mitochondrial morphological changes. Meanwhile, there were no side effects on normal tissues. Thus, our powerful therapeutic effects pioneered the application of POM for safer and more effective POM-based UC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Yuechuan Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Yitai Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Hailong Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Zebo Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Meilin Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Mengzhu Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Yonghui Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China.
| | - Zhixiang Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China.
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China.
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17
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Sobhani S, Tehrani AA, Sobhani G, Fatima S, Ulloa L, Motaghinejad M, Atif A. Melatonin Protects Against Titanium Oxide-Induced Neurotoxicity: Neurochemical, Neurobehavioral, and Histopathological Evidences. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03464-4. [PMID: 36378265 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
titania (titanium dioxide, TiO2) is known to induce neurotoxicity and CNS dysfunctions. Numerous studies have explored the neuroprotective effects of melatonin against neurotoxicity. This study evaluates the potential of melatonin to protect against titania-induced neurotoxicity and the role of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. One group of animals were treated with Titania (0.045 and 0.075 g/rat) alone while the other with added melatonin (1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) and behavioral alterations were assessed using OFT (open field test). Neurochemical and histopathological changes were also studied in the hippocampus by analyzing kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and antioxidant response element (ARE). It was seen that the animals with added Melatonin had improved behavioral scores in the OFT, like anxiety and motor dysfunction triggered by TiO2. Melatonin also reduced lipid peroxidation, ROS, GSSG, IL1β, TNFα, Bax, and Keap1 levels, but boosted GSH, GPx, GR, SOD,IL10,IL4, Bcl2, Nrf2, and ARE levels and improved quadruple mitochondrial enzyme complex activity in titania-treated animals. Histopathological examination showed melatonin induced cytoprotection against vacuolization and necrosis in granular cells of DG and pyramidal cells of CA1 area of the hippocampus. In our study, pretreatment with melatonin reduced titania-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus through a mechanism potentially mediated by the Keap-1/Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sobhani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Tehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Golnar Sobhani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sulail Fatima
- Department of Physiology, Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Darabad Avenue, Shahid Bahonar roundabout, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alina Atif
- Department of Physiology, Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Alameda L, Trotta G, Quigley H, Rodriguez V, Gadelrab R, Dwir D, Dempster E, Wong CCY, Forti MD. Can epigenetics shine a light on the biological pathways underlying major mental disorders? Psychol Med 2022; 52:1645-1665. [PMID: 35193719 PMCID: PMC9280283 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of the global burden of disease can be attributed to mental illness. Despite important advances in identifying risk factors for mental health conditions, the biological processing underlying causal pathways to disease onset remain poorly understood. This represents a limitation to implement effective prevention and the development of novel pharmacological treatments. Epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as mediators of environmental and genetic risk factors which might play a role in disease onset, including childhood adversity (CA) and cannabis use (CU). Particularly, human research exploring DNA methylation has provided new and promising insights into the role of biological pathways implicated in the aetio-pathogenesis of psychiatric conditions, including: monoaminergic (Serotonin and Dopamine), GABAergic, glutamatergic, neurogenesis, inflammatory and immune response and oxidative stress. While these epigenetic changes have been often studied as disease-specific, similarly to the investigation of environmental risk factors, they are often transdiagnostic. Therefore, we aim to review the existing literature on DNA methylation from human studies of psychiatric diseases (i) to identify epigenetic modifications mapping onto biological pathways either transdiagnostically or specifically related to psychiatric diseases such as Eating Disorders, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Bipolar and Psychotic Disorder, Depression, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Anxiety Disorder, and (ii) to investigate a convergence between some of these epigenetic modifications and the exposure to known risk factors for psychiatric disorders such as CA and CU, as well as to other epigenetic confounders in psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alameda
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Giulia Trotta
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harriet Quigley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Rodriguez
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Romayne Gadelrab
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniella Dwir
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emma Dempster
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Chloe C. Y. Wong
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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19
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Li J, Wang Z, Li C, Song Y, Wang Y, Bo H, Zhang Y. Impact of Exercise and Aging on Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Skeletal Muscle: Roles of ROS and Epigenetics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132086. [PMID: 35805170 PMCID: PMC9266156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging causes degenerative changes such as epigenetic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Exercise can upregulate muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and enhance antioxidant capacity and represents an effective treatment to prevent muscle aging. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and microRNA expression are involved in the regulation of exercise-induced adaptive changes in muscle mitochondria. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in signaling molecules in exercise-induced muscle mitochondrial health benefits, and strong evidence emphasizes that exercise-induced ROS can regulate gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are imported into mitochondria from the cytosol, so mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated by nuclear epigenetic mechanisms. Exercise can reverse aging-induced changes in myokine expression by modulating epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of exercise-generated ROS in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. In addition, the potential epigenetic mechanisms involved in exercise-induced myokine expression are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Can Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hai Bo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Military Training Medicines, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (Y.Z.)
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20
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Mu C, Nikpoor N, Tompkins TA, Choudhary A, Wang M, Marks WN, Rho JM, Scantlebury MH, Shearer J. Targeted gut microbiota manipulation attenuates seizures in a model of infantile spasms syndrome. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158521. [PMID: 35730569 PMCID: PMC9309045 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile spasms syndrome (IS) is a devastating early-onset epileptic encephalopathy associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. When first-line treatment options, including adrenocorticotropic hormone and vigabatrin, are ineffective, the ketogenic diet (KD) is often employed to control seizures. Since the therapeutic impact of the KD is influenced by the gut microbiota, we examined whether targeted microbiota manipulation, mimicking changes induced by the KD, would be valuable in mitigating seizures. Employing a rodent model of symptomatic IS, we show that both the KD and antibiotic administration reduce spasm frequency and are associated with improved developmental outcomes. Spasm reductions were accompanied by specific gut microbial alterations, including increases in Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis. Mimicking the fecal microbial alterations in a targeted probiotic, we administered these species in a 5:1 ratio. Targeted probiotic administration reduced seizures and improved locomotor activities in control diet–fed animals, similar to KD-fed animals, while a negative control (Ligilactobacillus salivarius) had no impact. Probiotic administration also increased antioxidant status and decreased proinflammatory cytokines. Results suggest that a targeted probiotic reduces seizure frequency, improves locomotor activity in a rodent model of IS, and provides insights into microbiota manipulation as a potential therapeutic avenue for pediatric epileptic encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Naghmeh Nikpoor
- Lallemand Bio Ingredients, Lallemand Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anamika Choudhary
- Department of Paediatrics.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, and
| | - Melinda Wang
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wendie N Marks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jong M Rho
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Morris H Scantlebury
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, and.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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21
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Changing Perspectives from Oxidative Stress to Redox Signaling-Extracellular Redox Control in Translational Medicine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061181. [PMID: 35740078 PMCID: PMC9228063 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has changed the understanding of oxidative stress that has been linked to every major disease. Today we distinguish oxidative eu- and distress, acknowledging that redox modifications are crucial for signal transduction in the form of specific thiol switches. Long underestimated, reactive species and redox proteins of the Thioredoxin (Trx) family are indeed essential for physiological processes. Moreover, extracellular redox proteins, low molecular weight thiols and thiol switches affect signal transduction and cell–cell communication. Here, we highlight the impact of extracellular redox regulation for health, intermediate pathophenotypes and disease. Of note, recent advances allow the analysis of redox changes in body fluids without using invasive and expensive techniques. With this new knowledge in redox biochemistry, translational strategies can lead to innovative new preventive and diagnostic tools and treatments in life sciences and medicine.
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22
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Wang H, Wu Y, Tang W. Methionine cycle in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its potential applications. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115033. [PMID: 35395242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a chronic metabolic disease affecting epidemic proportions worldwide, the pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is not clear yet. There is also a lack of precise biomarkers and specific medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD. Methionine metabolic cycle, which is critical for the maintaining of cellular methylation and redox state, is involved in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. However, the molecular basis and mechanism of methionine metabolism in NAFLD are not completely understood. Here, we mainly focus on specific enzymes that participates in methionine cycle, to reveal their interconnections with NAFLD, in order to recognize the pathogenesis of NAFLD from a new angle and at the same time, explore the clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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23
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Abstract
Significance: Epigenetic dysregulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of autoimmune diseases. Oxidative stress is associated with autoimmunity and is also known to alter epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding the interplay between oxidative stress and epigenetics will provide insights into the role of environmental triggers in the development of autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals. Recent Advances: Abnormal DNA and histone methylation patterns in genes and pathways involved in interferon and tumor necrosis factor signaling, cellular survival, proliferation, metabolism, organ development, and autoantibody production have been described in autoimmunity. Inhibitors of DNA and histone methyltransferases showed potential therapeutic effects in animal models of autoimmune diseases. Oxidative stress can regulate epigenetic mechanisms via effects on DNA damage repair mechanisms, cellular metabolism and the local redox environment, and redox-sensitive transcription factors and pathways. Critical Issues: Studies looking into oxidative stress and epigenetics in autoimmunity are relatively limited. The number of available longitudinal studies to explore the role of DNA methylation in the development of autoimmune diseases is small. Future Directions: Exploring the relationship between oxidative stress and epigenetics in autoimmunity will provide clues for potential preventative measures and treatment strategies. Inception cohorts with longitudinal follow-up would help to evaluate epigenetic marks as potential biomarkers for disease development, progression, and treatment response in autoimmunity. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 423-440.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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25
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Unconventional metabolites in chromatin regulation. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230604. [PMID: 34988581 PMCID: PMC8777195 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin, the complex of DNA and histone proteins, serves as a main integrator of cellular signals. Increasing evidence links cellular functional to chromatin state. Indeed, different metabolites are emerging as modulators of chromatin function and structure. Alterations in chromatin state are decisive for regulating all aspects of genome function and ultimately have the potential to produce phenotypic changes. Several metabolites such as acetyl-CoA, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) have now been well characterized as main substrates or cofactors of chromatin-modifying enzymes. However, there are other metabolites that can directly interact with chromatin influencing its state or that modulate the properties of chromatin regulatory factors. Also, there is a growing list of atypical enzymatic and nonenzymatic chromatin modifications that originate from different cellular pathways that have not been in the limelight of chromatin research. Here, we summarize different properties and functions of uncommon regulatory molecules originating from intermediate metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids. Based on the various modes of action on chromatin and the plethora of putative, so far not described chromatin-regulating metabolites, we propose that there are more links between cellular functional state and chromatin regulation to be discovered. We hypothesize that these connections could provide interesting starting points for interfering with cellular epigenetic states at a molecular level.
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26
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Bednarek PT, Orłowska R, Mańkowski DR, Zimny J, Kowalczyk K, Nowak M, Zebrowski J. Glutathione and copper ions as critical factors of green plant regeneration efficiency of triticale in vitro anther culture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926305. [PMID: 35982694 PMCID: PMC9379855 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue culture techniques are handy tools for obtaining unique plant materials that are difficult to propagate or important for agriculture. Homozygous materials derived through in vitro cultures are invaluable and significantly accelerate the evaluation of new varieties, e.g., cereals. The induction of somatic embryogenesis/androgenesis and the regeneration and its efficiency can be influenced by the external conditions of tissue culture, such as the ingredients present in the induction or regeneration media. We have developed an approach based on biological system, molecular markers, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and structural equation modeling technique to establish links between changes in sequence and DNA methylation at specific symmetric (CG, CHG) and asymmetric (CHH) sequences, glutathione, and green plant regeneration efficiency in the presence of variable supplementation of induction medium with copper ions. The methylation-sensitive Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism was used to assess tissue culture-induced variation, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to describe the glutathione spectrum, and a structural equation model to develop the relationship between sequence variation, de novo DNA methylation within asymmetric sequence contexts, and copper ions in the induction medium, as well as, glutathione, and green plant efficiency. An essential aspect of the study is demonstrating the contribution of glutathione to green plant regeneration efficiency and indicating the critical role of copper ions in influencing tissue culture-induced variation, glutathione, and obtaining green regenerants. The model presented here also has practical implications, showing that manipulating the concentration of copper ions in the induction medium may influence cell function and increases green plant regeneration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr T. Bednarek
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Renata Orłowska
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
- *Correspondence: Renata Orłowska,
| | - Dariusz R. Mańkowski
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Janusz Zimny
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Nowak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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Su H, Huang J, Weng S, Zhang B, Zhang T, Xu Y. Glutathione synthesis primes monocytes metabolic and epigenetic pathway for β-glucan-trained immunity. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102206. [PMID: 34894475 PMCID: PMC8669111 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained monocytes and macrophages produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which trigger antioxidative glutathione (GSH) response to buffer the rising ROS. However, whether and how the trained immunity is shaped by GSH synthesis remains unknown. Here, we report that β-glucan-trained macrophages from mice harboring a myeloid-specific deletion of the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc) showed impaired GSH synthesis and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge. Gclc deficiency compromised the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin-1 (mTOR) and expression of c-Myc transcription factors, abrogating the energy utilization and the metabolic reprogramming that allows β-glucan-trained macrophages to switch to glycolysis and glutaminolysis. Furthermore, Gclc deletion repressed effective H3K27me3 demethylation in the promoters of immunometabolic genes, such as Gls, Hk2, and Glut1, in β-glucan-trained macrophages by promoting the methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). In vivo, myeloid-specific ablation of Gclc decreased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines upon rechallenge with Candida albicans and these animals were less protected against the infection, compared with control littermates. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 enhanced the trained immunity response against Candida infection in Gclc-deficient mouse and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with GCLC inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Thus, antioxidative GSH synthesis supports an environment conducive to β-glucan-induced metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in trained immunity, allowing exploration of its functional consequences in autoimmune or inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Su
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shufeng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Baoying Zhang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Tianran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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28
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Rodrigues de Oliveira D, Wilson D, Palace-Berl F, de Mello Ponteciano B, Fungaro Rissatti L, Sardela de Miranda F, Piassa Pollizi V, Fuscella JC, Mourão Terzi A, Lepique AP, D'Almeida V, Demarzo M. Mindfulness meditation training effects on quality of life, immune function and glutathione metabolism in service healthy female teachers: A randomized pilot clinical trial. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100372. [PMID: 34761243 PMCID: PMC8566766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the crucial role of educators in encourage students' academic learning, addressing educator stress inside the classroom remains a significant challenge in the educational context. Mindfulness Meditation training (MM) has been recommended as an environmental enrichment strategy in schools to help teachers cope with stress and cultivating a state of awareness in daily life. Although studies have shown that MM can improve immune system dynamics the biological mechanism underlying glutathione metabolism in a healthy human is unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether MM training benefits psychological and behavioral response, immunological functions and glutathione metabolism in service healthy female teachers from public schools. METHODS We randomly assigned 76 teachers to an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Health Program for Educators (MBHPEduca) or Neuroscience for Education program (Neuro-Educa; active control group). Using the quality of life as our primary outcome, perceived stress, negative affectivity, and resilience as our secondary outcome, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and glutathione levels as our third outcome at baseline and post-intervention that occurred in public schools. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of three proinflammatory markers, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and three GSH metabolism, including Cysteine (Cys), Homocysteine (HCys) and GSH were conducted at pre-and post-intervention, with selfreported assessments over time. Treatment effects were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with to intention to treat. RESULTS We observed statistically significant improvements to the MBHP-Educa group compared to active control in perceived stress, resilience, positive and negative affect, and quality of life after 8-weeks MM (p < 0.0001). Further, the MBHP-Educa group exhibited lower circulating IL-6 production accompanied by high circulating GSH, and Cys (p < 0.0001). Additional analyses indicated that enhancing quality of life through mindfulness meditation training was mediated by reducing perceived stress and serum levels of IL- 6 and increasing resilience and teachers 'plasma GSH levels. CONCLUSIONS The present study is a pilot trial with low-power and provides preliminary evidence that mindfulness meditation training help teachers to cope with stress in the school environment with an impact on the quality of life, immune function, and glutathione metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Mente Aberta - Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David Wilson
- Mente Aberta - Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fanny Palace-Berl
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bárbara de Mello Ponteciano
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-26), Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Sardela de Miranda
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valéria Piassa Pollizi
- Mente Aberta - Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Mourão Terzi
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lepique
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Demarzo
- Mente Aberta - Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Dubas E, Żur I, Moravčiková J, Fodor J, Krzewska M, Surówka E, Nowicka A, Gerši Z. Proteins, Small Peptides and Other Signaling Molecules Identified as Inconspicuous but Possibly Important Players in Microspores Reprogramming Toward Embryogenesis. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.745865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe and integrate the latest knowledge on the signaling role of proteins and peptides in the stress-induced microspore embryogenesis (ME) in some crop plants with agricultural importance (i.e., oilseed rape, tobacco, barley, wheat, rice, triticale, rye). Based on the results received from the most advanced omix analyses, we have selected some inconspicuous but possibly important players in microspores reprogramming toward embryogenic development. We provide an overview of the roles and downstream effect of stress-related proteins (e.g., β-1,3-glucanases, chitinases) and small signaling peptides, especially cysteine—(e.g., glutathione, γ-thionins, rapid alkalinization factor, lipid transfer, phytosulfokine) and glycine-rich peptides and other proteins (e.g., fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein) on acclimation ability of microspores and the cell wall reconstruction in a context of ME induction and haploids/doubled haploids (DHs) production. Application of these molecules, stimulating the induction and proper development of embryo-like structures and green plant regeneration, brings significant improvement of the effectiveness of DHs procedures and could result in its wider incorporation on a commercial scale. Recent advances in the design and construction of synthetic peptides–mainly cysteine-rich peptides and their derivatives–have accelerated the development of new DNA-free genome-editing techniques. These new systems are evolving incredibly fast and soon will find application in many areas of plant science and breeding.
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Glutathione Participation in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081220. [PMID: 34439468 PMCID: PMC8389000 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (such as occlusion of the coronary arteries, hypertensive heart diseases and strokes) are diseases that generate thousands of patients with a high mortality rate worldwide. Many of these cardiovascular pathologies, during their development, generate a state of oxidative stress that leads to a deterioration in the patient’s conditions associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Within these reactive species we find superoxide anion (O2•–), hydroxyl radical (•OH), nitric oxide (NO•), as well as other species of non-free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HClO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO–). A molecule that actively participates in counteracting the oxidizing effect of reactive species is reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all tissues and that its synthesis and/or regeneration is very important to be able to respond to the increase in oxidizing agents. In this review, we will address the role of glutathione, its synthesis in both the heart and the liver, and its importance in preventing or reducing deleterious ROS effects in cardiovascular diseases.
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31
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GSNOR Contributes to Demethylation and Expression of Transposable Elements and Stress-Responsive Genes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071128. [PMID: 34356361 PMCID: PMC8301139 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were supposed to be stress-induced by-products of disturbed metabolism that cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. However, emerging evidence demonstrates a substantial role of RNS as endogenous signals in eukaryotes. In plants, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is the dominant RNS and serves as the •NO donor for S-nitrosation of diverse effector proteins. Remarkably, the endogenous GSNO level is tightly controlled by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) that irreversibly inactivates the glutathione-bound NO to ammonium. Exogenous feeding of diverse RNS, including GSNO, affected chromatin accessibility and transcription of stress-related genes, but the triggering function of RNS on these regulatory processes remained elusive. Here, we show that GSNO reductase-deficient plants (gsnor1-3) accumulate S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the principal methyl donor for methylation of DNA and histones. This SAM accumulation triggered a substantial increase in the methylation index (MI = [SAM]/[S-adenosylhomocysteine]), indicating the transmethylation activity and histone methylation status in higher eukaryotes. Indeed, a mass spectrometry-based global histone profiling approach demonstrated a significant global increase in H3K9me2, which was independently verified by immunological detection using a selective antibody. Since H3K9me2-modified regions tightly correlate with methylated DNA regions, we also determined the DNA methylation status of gsnor1-3 plants by whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. DNA methylation in the CG, CHG, and CHH contexts in gsnor1-3 was significantly enhanced compared to the wild type. We propose that GSNOR1 activity affects chromatin accessibility by controlling the transmethylation activity (MI) required for maintaining DNA methylation and the level of the repressive chromatin mark H3K9me2.
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García-Giménez JL, Garcés C, Romá-Mateo C, Pallardó FV. Oxidative stress-mediated alterations in histone post-translational modifications. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:6-18. [PMID: 33689846 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression provides a finely tuned response capacity for cells when undergoing environmental changes. However, in the context of human physiology or disease, any cellular imbalance that modulates homeostasis has the potential to trigger molecular changes that result either in physiological adaptation to a new situation or pathological conditions. These effects are partly due to alterations in the functionality of epigenetic regulators, which cause long-term and often heritable changes in cell lineages. As such, free radicals resulting from unbalanced/extended oxidative stress have been proved to act as modulators of epigenetic agents, resulting in alterations of the epigenetic landscape. In the present review we will focus on the particular effect that oxidative stress and free radicals produce in histone post-translational modifications that contribute to altering the histone code and, consequently, gene expression. The pathological consequences of the changes in this epigenetic layer of regulation of gene expression are thoroughly evidenced by data gathered in many physiological adaptive processes and in human diseases that range from age-related neurodegenerative pathologies to cancer, and that include respiratory syndromes, infertility, and systemic inflammatory conditions like sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis García-Giménez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia- INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Concepción Garcés
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia- INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Carlos Romá-Mateo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia- INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia- INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.
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Ferreira AV, Koeken VACM, Matzaraki V, Kostidis S, Alarcon-Barrera JC, de Bree LCJ, Moorlag SJCFM, Mourits VP, Novakovic B, Giera MA, Netea MG, Domínguez-Andrés J. Glutathione Metabolism Contributes to the Induction of Trained Immunity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050971. [PMID: 33919212 PMCID: PMC8143087 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system displays heterologous memory characteristics, which are characterized by stronger responses to a secondary challenge. This phenomenon termed trained immunity relies on epigenetic and metabolic rewiring of innate immune cells. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been associated with the trained immunity phenotype, we hypothesized that the increased ROS levels and the main intracellular redox molecule glutathione play a role in the induction of trained immunity. Here we show that pharmacological inhibition of ROS in an in vitro model of trained immunity did not influence cell responsiveness; the modulation of glutathione levels reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human monocytes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in glutathione metabolism were found to be associated with changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine production capacity upon trained immunity. Also, plasma glutathione concentrations were positively associated with ex vivo IL-1β production, a biomarker of trained immunity, produced by monocytes of BCG-vaccinated individuals. In conclusion, glutathione metabolism is involved in the induction of trained immunity, and future studies are warranted to explore its functional consequences in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaisa V. Ferreira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.A.C.M.K.); (V.M.); (L.C.J.d.B.); (S.J.C.F.M.M.); (V.P.M.); (M.G.N.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.V.F.); (J.D.-A.); Tel.: +31-2436-16636 (J.D.-A.)
| | - Valerie A. C. M. Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.A.C.M.K.); (V.M.); (L.C.J.d.B.); (S.J.C.F.M.M.); (V.P.M.); (M.G.N.)
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.A.C.M.K.); (V.M.); (L.C.J.d.B.); (S.J.C.F.M.M.); (V.P.M.); (M.G.N.)
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (S.K.); (J.C.A.-B.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Juan Carlos Alarcon-Barrera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (S.K.); (J.C.A.-B.); (M.A.G.)
| | - L. Charlotte J. de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.A.C.M.K.); (V.M.); (L.C.J.d.B.); (S.J.C.F.M.M.); (V.P.M.); (M.G.N.)
| | - Simone J. C. F. M. Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.A.C.M.K.); (V.M.); (L.C.J.d.B.); (S.J.C.F.M.M.); (V.P.M.); (M.G.N.)
| | - Vera P. Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.A.C.M.K.); (V.M.); (L.C.J.d.B.); (S.J.C.F.M.M.); (V.P.M.); (M.G.N.)
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Epigenetics Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Martin A. Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (S.K.); (J.C.A.-B.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.A.C.M.K.); (V.M.); (L.C.J.d.B.); (S.J.C.F.M.M.); (V.P.M.); (M.G.N.)
- Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.A.C.M.K.); (V.M.); (L.C.J.d.B.); (S.J.C.F.M.M.); (V.P.M.); (M.G.N.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.F.); (J.D.-A.); Tel.: +31-2436-16636 (J.D.-A.)
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Szabo L, Molnar R, Tomesz A, Deutsch A, Darago R, Nowrasteh G, Varjas T, Nemeth B, Budan F, Kiss I. The effects of flavonoids, green tea polyphenols and coffee on DMBA induced LINE-1 DNA hypomethylation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250157. [PMID: 33878138 PMCID: PMC8057585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intake of carcinogenic and chemopreventive compounds are important nutritional factors related to the development of malignant tumorous diseases. Repetitive long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) DNA methylation pattern plays a key role in both carcinogenesis and chemoprevention. In our present in vivo animal model, we examined LINE-1 DNA methylation pattern as potential biomarker in the liver, spleen and kidney of mice consuming green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract (catechins 80%), a chinese bayberry (Morella rubra) extract (myricetin 80%), a flavonoid extract (with added resveratrol) and coffee (Coffee arabica) extract. In the organs examined, carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hypomethylation was prevented by all test materials except chinese bayberry extract in the kidneys. Moreover, the flavonoid extract caused significant hypermethylation in the liver compared to untreated controls and to other test materials. The tested chemopreventive substances have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties and regulate molecular biological signaling pathways. They increase glutathione levels, induce antioxidant enzymes, which decrease free radical damage caused by DMBA, and ultimately, they are able to increase the activity of DNA methyltransferase enzymes. Furthermore, flavonoids in the liver may inhibit the procarcinogen to carcinogen activation of DMBA through the inhibition of CYP1A1 enzyme. At the same time, paradoxically, myricetin can act as a prooxidant as a result of free radical damage, which can explain that it did not prevent hypomethylation in the kidneys. Our results demonstrated that LINE-1 DNA methylation pattern is a useful potential biomarker for detecting and monitoring carcinogenic and chemopreventive effects of dietary compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Szabo
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Richard Molnar
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andras Tomesz
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Arpad Deutsch
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Richard Darago
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Timea Varjas
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Nemeth
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Budan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Istvan Kiss
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Devóz PP, Reis MBD, Gomes WR, Maraslis FT, Ribeiro DL, Antunes LMG, Batista BL, Grotto D, Reis RM, Barbosa F, Barcelos GRM. Adaptive epigenetic response of glutathione (GSH)-related genes against lead (Pb)-induced toxicity, in individuals chronically exposed to the metal. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128758. [PMID: 33143897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that one of the most outstanding adverse effects related to lead (Pb) exposure is oxidative stress; moreover, recent findings suggest that disturbances of the redox status of cells are associated with epigenetic responses, and metabolism of glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in this process. This study aimed to assess Pb exposure on % methylation of GSH-related genes' promoter regions (%CH3-CpG) and their influence on biomarkers of oxidative stress, in workers exposed to the metal. One hundred nine male workers participated in the study; ICP-MS determined blood lead levels (BLL); biochemical parameters related to redox status, named GSH, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were quantified by UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Determination of %CH3-CpG of genes GCLC, GPX1, GSR, and GSTP1 were done by pyrosequencing. Inverse associations were seen between BLL and %CH3-CpG-GCLC, and %CH3-CpG-GSTP1. Moreover, metal exposure did not impact GSH, GPX, and GST; however, negative associations were observed between %CH3-CpG-GPX1 and %CH3-CpG-GSTP1, and the activities of GPX and GST, respectively. Taken together, our results give further evidence about adaptive epigenetic response to avoid oxidative damage induced by Pb exposure, allowing a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to the metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pícoli Devóz
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bisarro Dos Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela 1331, CEP 14784-400, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Robert Gomes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flora Troina Maraslis
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Avenida Ana Costa 95, CEP 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Luis Ribeiro
- Departament of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida Dos Estados 5001, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 92.5, CEP 18023-000, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela 1331, CEP 14784-400, Barretos, SP, Brazil; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Gualtar Campus, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Gualtar Campus, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Avenida Ana Costa 95, CEP 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Small L, Ingerslev LR, Manitta E, Laker RC, Hansen AN, Deeney B, Carrié A, Couvert P, Barrès R. Ablation of DNA-methyltransferase 3A in skeletal muscle does not affect energy metabolism or exercise capacity. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009325. [PMID: 33513138 PMCID: PMC7875352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to physical exercise and diet, skeletal muscle adapts to energetic demands through large transcriptional changes. This remodelling is associated with changes in skeletal muscle DNA methylation which may participate in the metabolic adaptation to extracellular stimuli. Yet, the mechanisms by which muscle-borne DNA methylation machinery responds to diet and exercise and impacts muscle function are unknown. Here, we investigated the function of de novo DNA methylation in fully differentiated skeletal muscle. We generated muscle-specific DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) knockout mice (mD3AKO) and investigated the impact of DNMT3A ablation on skeletal muscle DNA methylation, exercise capacity and energy metabolism. Loss of DNMT3A reduced DNA methylation in skeletal muscle over multiple genomic contexts and altered the transcription of genes known to be influenced by DNA methylation, but did not affect exercise capacity and whole-body energy metabolism compared to wild type mice. Loss of DNMT3A did not alter skeletal muscle mitochondrial function or the transcriptional response to exercise however did influence the expression of genes involved in muscle development. These data suggest that DNMT3A does not have a large role in the function of mature skeletal muscle although a role in muscle development and differentiation is likely. Skeletal muscle is a plastic tissue able to adapt to environmental stimuli such as exercise and diet in order to respond to energetic demand. One of the ways in which skeletal muscle can rapidly react to these stimuli is DNA methylation. This is when chemical groups are attached to DNA, potentially influencing the transcription of genes. We investigated the function of DNA methylation in skeletal muscle by generating mice that lacked one of the main enzymes responsible for de novo DNA methylation, DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), specifically in muscle. We found that loss of DNMT3A reduced DNA methylation in muscle however this did not lead to differences in exercise capacity or energy metabolism. This suggests that DNMT3a is not involved in the adaptation of skeletal muscle to diet or exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars R. Ingerslev
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eleonora Manitta
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rhianna C. Laker
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann N. Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brendan Deeney
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alain Carrié
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM UMR_S 1166 ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Couvert
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM UMR_S 1166 ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Ma Y, Huang K, Wu Y. In Vivo/In Vitro Properties of Novel Antioxidant Peptide from Pinctada fucata. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:33-42. [PMID: 32807751 PMCID: PMC9705889 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2006.06002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the potential of antioxidants to scavenge free radicals in human body, it is important to be able to prepare antioxidant peptides that meet the industrial requirements for cosmetics and food. Here, we determined in vivo/in vitro activities of antioxidant peptide from P. fucata (PFAOP) prepared by bio-fermentation method. The antioxidant property test results showed the DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical-scavenging, and cellular antioxidant activity. EC50 values of PFAOPs were 0.018 ± 0.005, 0.126 ± 0.008, 0.168 ± 0.005, and 0.105 ± 0.005 mg/ml, respectively, exhibiting higher antioxidant activities than glutathione (p < 0.05). Moreover, anti-proliferation and cytotoxicity activity results illustrated PFAOP has a potent anti-proliferative activity against HepG2, Caco-2, and MCF-7 carcinoma cells with no cytotoxicity. Moreover, the protocols we developed in this work demonstrated several excellent advantages in PFAOP preparation compared to enzymatic hydrolysis or chemical synthesis methods and provide a theoretical foundation for higher-value application of marine-derived functional peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkai Ma
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Key Lab of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou 50300, P. R. China,School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Kehui Huang
- Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou 510725, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Key Lab of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou 50300, P. R. China,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: ±86-20-34063583 Fax: +86-20-84451442 E-mail:
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Babbar R, Karpinska B, Grover A, Foyer CH. Heat-Induced Oxidation of the Nuclei and Cytosol. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:617779. [PMID: 33510759 PMCID: PMC7835529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.617779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The concept that heat stress (HS) causes a large accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is widely accepted. However, the intracellular compartmentation of ROS accumulation has been poorly characterized. We therefore used redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP2) to provide compartment-specific information on heat-induced redox changes of the nuclei and cytosol of Arabidopsis leaf epidermal and stomatal guard cells. We show that HS causes a large increase in the degree of oxidation of both compartments, causing large shifts in the glutathione redox potentials of the cells. Heat-induced increases in the levels of the marker transcripts, heat shock protein (HSP)101, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)2 were maximal after 15 min of the onset of the heat treatment. RNAseq analysis of the transcript profiles of the control and heat-treated seedlings revealed large changes in transcripts encoding HSPs, mitochondrial proteins, transcription factors, and other nuclear localized components. We conclude that HS causes extensive oxidation of the nucleus as well as the cytosol. We propose that the heat-induced changes in the nuclear redox state are central to both genetic and epigenetic control of plant responses to HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Babbar
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Grover
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Zhou M, Malhan N, Ahkami AH, Engbrecht K, Myers G, Dahlberg J, Hollingsworth J, Sievert JA, Hutmacher R, Madera M, Lemaux PG, Hixson KK, Jansson C, Paša-Tolić L. Top-down mass spectrometry of histone modifications in sorghum reveals potential epigenetic markers for drought acclimation. Methods 2020; 184:29-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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40
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The mitochondrial isoform glutathione peroxidase 3 (OsGPX3) is involved in ABA responses in rice plants. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104029. [PMID: 33160103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Different environmental conditions can lead plants to a condition termed oxidative stress, which is characterized by a disruption in the equilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), an enzyme that acts as a peroxide scavenger in different organisms, has been identified as an important component in the signaling pathway during the developmental process and in stress responses in plants and yeast. Here, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial isoform of rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Japonica cv. Nipponbare) OsGPX3 is induced after treatment with the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and is involved in its responses and in epigenetic modifications. Plants that have been silenced for OsGPX3 (gpx3i) present substantial changes in the accumulation of proteins related to these processes. These plants also have several altered ABA responses, such as germination, ROS accumulation, stomatal closure, and dark-induced senescence. This study is the first to demonstrate that OsGPX3 plays a role in ABA signaling and corroborate that redox homeostasis enzymes can act in different and complex pathways in plant cells. SIGNIFICANCE: This work proposes the mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase (OsGPX3) as a novel ABA regulatory pathway component. Our results suggest that this antioxidant enzyme is involved in ABA-responses, highlighting the complex pathways that these proteins can participate beyond the regulation of cellular redox status.
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Oxidative, Reductive, and Nitrosative Stress Effects on Epigenetics and on Posttranslational Modification of Enzymes in Cardiometabolic Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8819719. [PMID: 33204398 PMCID: PMC7649698 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8819719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative (OS), reductive (RS), and nitrosative (NSS) stresses produce carbonylation, glycation, glutathionylation, sulfhydration, nitration, and nitrosylation reactions. OS, RS, and NSS are interrelated since RS results from an overactivation of antioxidant systems and NSS is the result of the overactivation of the oxidation of nitric oxide (NO). Here, we discuss the general characteristics of the three types of stress and the way by which the reactions they induce (a) damage the DNA structure causing strand breaks or inducing the formation of 8-oxo-d guanosine; (b) modify histones; (c) modify the activities of the enzymes that determine the establishment of epigenetic cues such as DNA methyl transferases, histone methyl transferases, acetyltransferases, and deacetylases; (d) alter DNA reparation enzymes by posttranslational mechanisms; and (e) regulate the activities of intracellular enzymes participating in metabolic reactions and in signaling pathways through posttranslational modifications. Furthermore, the three types of stress may establish new epigenetic marks through these reactions. The development of cardiometabolic disorders in adult life may be programed since early stages of development by epigenetic cues which may be established or modified by OS, RS, and NSS. Therefore, the three types of stress participate importantly in mediating the impact of the early life environment on later health and heritability. Here, we discuss their impact on cardiometabolic diseases. The epigenetic modifications induced by these stresses depend on union and release of chemical residues on a DNA sequence and/or on amino acid residues in proteins, and therefore, they are reversible and potentially treatable.
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42
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Bjørklund G, Peana M, Maes M, Dadar M, Severin B. The glutathione system in Parkinson's disease and its progression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:470-478. [PMID: 33068556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox dysfunctions and neuro-oxidative stress play a major role in the pathophysiology and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Glutathione (GSH) and the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio are lowered in oxidative stress conditions and may lead to increased oxidative toxicity. GSH is involved not only in neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative processes, including thiol redox signaling, but also in cell proliferation and differentiation and in the regulation of cell death, including apoptotic pathways. Lowered GSH metabolism and a low GSH/GSSG ratio following oxidative stress are associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions and constitute a critical factor in the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes accompanying PD. This review provides indirect evidence that GSH redox signaling is associated with the pathophysiology of PD. Nevertheless, it has not been delineated whether GSH redox imbalances are a causative factor in PD or whether PD-associated pathways cause the GSH redox imbalances in PD. The results show that antioxidant approaches, including neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory agents, which neutralize reactive oxygen species, may have therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of PD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Impact Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Beatrice Severin
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
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43
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Mert S, Bulutoglu B, Chu C, Dylewski M, Lin FM, Yu YM, Yarmush ML, Sheridan RL, Uygun K. Multiorgan Metabolomics and Lipidomics Provide New Insights Into Fat Infiltration in the Liver, Muscle Wasting, and Liver-Muscle Crosstalk Following Burn Injury. J Burn Care Res 2020; 42:269-287. [PMID: 32877506 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Burn injury mediated hypermetabolic syndrome leads to increased mortality among severe burn victims, due to liver failure and muscle wasting. Metabolic changes may persist up to 2 years following the injury. Thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms of the pathology is crucially important to develop appropriate therapeutic approaches. We present detailed metabolomic and lipidomic analyses of the liver and muscle tissues in a rat model with a 30% body surface area burn injury located at the dorsal skin. Three hundred and thirty-eight of 1587 detected metabolites and lipids in the liver and 119 of 1504 in the muscle tissue exhibited statistically significant alterations. We observed excessive accumulation of triacylglycerols, decreased levels of S-adenosylmethionine, increased levels of glutamine and xenobiotics in the liver tissue. Additionally, the levels of gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites are generally decreased in the liver. On the other hand, burn injury muscle tissue exhibits increased levels of acyl-carnitines, alpha-hydroxyisovalerate, ophthalmate, alpha-hydroxybutyrate, and decreased levels of reduced glutathione. The results of this preliminary study provide compelling observations that liver and muscle tissues undergo distinctly different changes during hypermetabolism, possibly reflecting liver-muscle crosstalk. The liver and muscle tissues might be exacerbating each other's metabolic pathologies, via excessive utilization of certain metabolites produced by each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safak Mert
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Beyza Bulutoglu
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Christopher Chu
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Maggie Dylewski
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florence M Lin
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yong-Ming Yu
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Robert L Sheridan
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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44
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Bordoni L, Gabbianelli R. Mitochondrial DNA and Neurodegeneration: Any Role for Dietary Antioxidants? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E764. [PMID: 32824558 PMCID: PMC7466149 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of the mitochondrial function is essential in preventing and counteracting neurodegeneration. In particular, mitochondria of neuronal cells play a pivotal role in sustaining the high energetic metabolism of these cells and are especially prone to oxidative damage. Since overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, dietary antioxidants have been suggested to counteract the detrimental effects of ROS and to preserve the mitochondrial function, thus slowing the progression and limiting the extent of neuronal cell loss in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to their role in the redox-system homeostasis, mitochondria are unique organelles in that they contain their own genome (mtDNA), which acts at the interface between environmental exposures and the molecular triggers of neurodegeneration. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that mtDNA (including both genetics and, from recent evidence, epigenetics) might play relevant roles in modulating the risk for neurodegenerative disorders. This mini-review describes the link between the mitochondrial genome and cellular oxidative status, with a particular focus on neurodegeneration; moreover, it provides an overview on potential beneficial effects of antioxidants in preserving mitochondrial functions through the protection of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
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Redox-dependent regulation of end-binding protein 1 activity by glutathionylation. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:575-583. [PMID: 32737853 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins are susceptible to glutathionylation under oxidizing conditions, and oxidative damage has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. End-binding protein 1 (EB1) is a master regulator of microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) and is critically involved in the control of microtubule dynamics and cellular processes. However, the impact of glutathionylation on EB1 functions remains unknown. Here we reveal that glutathionylation is important for controlling EB1 activity and protecting EB1 from irreversible oxidation. In vitro biochemical and cellular assays reveal that EB1 is glutathionylated. Diamide, a mild oxidizing reagent, reduces EB1 comet number and length in cells, indicating the impairment of microtubule dynamics. Three cysteine residues of EB1 are glutathionylated, with mutations of these three cysteines to serines attenuating microtubule dynamics but buffering diamide-induced decrease in microtubule dynamics. In addition, glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) deglutathionylates EB1, and Grx1 depletion suppresses microtubule dynamics and leads to defects in cell division orientation and cell migration, suggesting a critical role of Grx1-mediated deglutathionylation in maintaining EB1 activity. Collectively, these data reveal that EB1 glutathionylation is an important protective mechanism for the regulation of microtubule dynamics and microtubule-based cellular activities.
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The Role of Nutri(epi)genomics in Achieving the Body's Full Potential in Physical Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060498. [PMID: 32517297 PMCID: PMC7346155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity represents a powerful tool to achieve optimal health. The overall activation of several molecular pathways is associated with many beneficial effects, mainly converging towards a reduced systemic inflammation. Not surprisingly, regular activity can contribute to lowering the “epigenetic age”, acting as a modulator of risk toward several diseases and enhancing longevity. Behind this, there are complex molecular mechanisms induced by exercise, which modulate gene expression, also through epigenetic modifications. The exercise-induced epigenetic imprint can be transient or permanent and contributes to the muscle memory, which allows the skeletal muscle adaptation to environmental stimuli previously encountered. Nutrition, through key macro- and micronutrients with antioxidant properties, can play an important role in supporting skeletal muscle trophism and those molecular pathways triggering the beneficial effects of physical activity. Nutrients and antioxidant food components, reversibly altering the epigenetic imprint, have a big impact on the phenotype. This assigns a role of primary importance to nutri(epi)genomics, not only in optimizing physical performance, but also in promoting long term health. The crosstalk between physical activity and nutrition represents a major environmental pressure able to shape human genotypes and phenotypes, thus, choosing the right combination of lifestyle factors ensures health and longevity.
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47
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García-Guede Á, Vera O, Ibáñez-de-Caceres I. When Oxidative Stress Meets Epigenetics: Implications in Cancer Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060468. [PMID: 32492865 PMCID: PMC7346131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and it can affect any part of the organism. It arises as a consequence of the genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to the uncontrolled growth of the cells. The epigenetic machinery can regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, and it comprises methylation of the DNA, histones modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Alterations of these gene-expression regulatory elements can be produced by an imbalance of the intracellular environment, such as the one derived by oxidative stress, to promote cancer development, progression, and resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments. Here we review the current literature on the effect of oxidative stress in the epigenetic machinery, especially over the largely unknown ncRNAs and its consequences toward cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro García-Guede
- Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, Hospital La PAZ. 28046 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-G.); (I.I.-d.-C.)
- Experimental Therapies and Novel Biomarkers in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital La Paz. IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Vera
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Inmaculada Ibáñez-de-Caceres
- Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, Hospital La PAZ. 28046 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-G.); (I.I.-d.-C.)
- Experimental Therapies and Novel Biomarkers in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital La Paz. IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Gonzalez A, Estaras M, Martinez-Morcillo S, Martinez R, García A, Estévez M, Santofimia-Castaño P, Tapia JA, Moreno N, Pérez-López M, Míguez MP, Blanco-Fernández G, Lopez-Guerra D, Fernandez-Bermejo M, Mateos JM, Vara D, Roncero V, Salido GM. Melatonin modulates red-ox state and decreases viability of rat pancreatic stellate cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6352. [PMID: 32286500 PMCID: PMC7156707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we have studied the effects of pharmacological concentrations of melatonin (1 µM-1 mM) on pancreatic stellate cells (PSC). Cell viability was analyzed by AlamarBlue test. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was monitored following CM-H2DCFDA and MitoSOX Red-derived fluorescence. Total protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation were analyzed by HPLC and spectrophotometric methods respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ψm) was monitored by TMRM-derived fluorescence. Reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) levels of glutathione were determined by fluorescence techniques. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect the expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes. Determination of SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were carried out by colorimetric methods, whereas expression of SOD was analyzed by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. The results show that melatonin decreased PSC viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Melatonin evoked a concentration-dependent increase in ROS production in the mitochondria and in the cytosol. Oxidation of proteins was detected in the presence of melatonin, whereas lipids oxidation was not observed. Depolarization of ψm was noted with 1 mM melatonin. A decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio was observed, that depended on the concentration of melatonin used. A concentration-dependent increase in the expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalase, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 and heme oxygenase-1 was detected in cells incubated with melatonin. Finally, decreases in the expression and in the activity of superoxide dismutase were observed. We conclude that pharmacological concentrations melatonin modify the redox state of PSC, which might decrease cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gonzalez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.
| | - Matias Estaras
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | | | - Remigio Martinez
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Alfredo García
- Department of Animal Production, CICYTEX-La Orden, Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Mario Estévez
- IPROCAR Research Institute, Food Technology, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Patricia Santofimia-Castaño
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jose A Tapia
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Noelia Moreno
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Marcos Pérez-López
- Unit of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - María P Míguez
- Unit of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Gerardo Blanco-Fernández
- Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Infanta Cristina Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Diego Lopez-Guerra
- Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Infanta Cristina Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, Caceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Vara
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, Caceres, Spain
| | - Vicente Roncero
- Unit of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Lorente-Pozo S, Parra-Llorca A, Lara-Cantón I, Solaz A, García-Jiménez JL, Pallardó FV, Vento M. Oxygen in the neonatal period: Oxidative stress, oxygen load and epigenetic changes. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 25:101090. [PMID: 32014366 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2020.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Preterm infants frequently require positive pressure ventilation and oxygen supplementation in the first minutes after birth. It has been shown that the amount of oxygen provided during stabilization, the oxygen load, if excessive may cause hyperoxia, and oxidative damage to DNA. Epidemiologic studies have associated supplementation with pure oxygen in the first minutes after birth with childhood cancer. Recent studies have shown that the amount of oxygen supplemented to preterm infants after birth modifies the epigenome. Of note, the degree of DNA hyper-or hypomethylation correlates with the oxygen load provided upon stabilization. If these epigenetic modifications would persist, oxygen supplied in the first minutes after birth could have long term consequences. Further studies with a robust power calculation and long-term follow up are needed to bear out the long-term consequences of oxygen supplementation during postnatal stabilization of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Parra-Llorca
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Alvaro Solaz
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Federico V Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, CIBERER, Spain.
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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50
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Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101477. [PMID: 32127290 PMCID: PMC7284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents one of the strongest physiological stimuli capable to induce functional and structural modifications in all biological systems. Indeed, beside the traditional genetic mechanisms, physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, namely DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNA transcripts. Initially considered as merely damaging molecules, it is now well recognized that both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) produced under voluntary exercise play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. While robust scientific evidences highlight the role of exercise-associated redox modifications in modulating gene expression through the genetic machinery, the understanding of their specific impact on epigenomic profile is still at an early stage. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of exercise-related adaptations. Physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulation of ROS/RNS generating, sensing and neutralizing enzymes can impact the cellular levels of ROS and RNS. ROS might act as modulators of epigenetic machinery, interfering with DNA methylation, hPTMs and ncRNAs expression. Redox homeostasis might hold a relevant role in the epigenetic landscape modulating exercise-related adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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