1
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Allen MF, Park SY, Kwak YS. Oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction: Potential therapeutic targets and therapies in peripheral artery disease. Microvasc Res 2024; 155:104713. [PMID: 38914307 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the manifestation of atherosclerosis characterized by the accumulation of plaques in the arteries of the lower limbs. Interestingly, growing evidence suggests that the pathology of PAD is multifaceted and encompasses both vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunctions, which contributes to blunted physical capabilities and diminished quality of life. Importantly, it has been suggested that many of these pathological impairments may stem from blunted reduction-oxidation (redox) handling. Of note, in those with PAD, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) outweighs antioxidant capabilities resulting in oxidative damage, which may have systemic consequences. It has been suggested that antioxidant supplementation may be able to assist in handling ROS. However, the activation of various ROS production sites makes it difficult to determine the efficacy of these antioxidant supplements. Therefore, this review focuses on the common cellular mechanisms that facilitate ROS production and discusses how excessive ROS may impair vascular and skeletal muscle function in PAD. Furthermore, we provide insight for current and potential antioxidant therapies, specifically highlighting activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) - Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway as a potential pharmacological therapy to combat ROS accumulation and aid in vascular function, and physical performance in patients with PAD. Altogether, this review provides a better understanding of excessive ROS in the pathophysiology of PAD and enhances our perception of potential therapeutic targets that may improve vascular function, skeletal muscle function, walking capacity, and quality of life in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Allen
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States of America; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Yi-Sub Kwak
- Department of Physical Education, College of Arts, Design, and Sports Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Mastrandrea CJ, Hedge ET, Hughson RL. The Detrimental Effects of Bedrest: Premature Cardiovascular Aging and Dysfunction. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:1468-1482. [PMID: 38759726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Bedrest as an experimental paradigm or as an in-patient stay for medical reasons has negative consequences for cardiovascular health. The effects of severe inactivity parallel many of the changes experienced with natural aging but over a much shorter duration. Cardiac function is reduced, arteries stiffen, neural reflex responses are impaired, and metabolic and oxidative stress responses impose burden on the heart and vascular systems. The effect of these changes is revealed in studies of integrative function. Aerobic fitness progressively deteriorates with bedrest and tolerance of upright posture is rapidly impaired. In this review we consider the similarities of aging and bedrest-induced cardiovascular deconditioning. We concur with many recent clinical recommendations that early and regular mobility with upright posture will reduce likelihood of hospital-associated disability related to bedrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo J Mastrandrea
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric T Hedge
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard L Hughson
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Fang Z, Raza U, Song J, Lu J, Yao S, Liu X, Zhang W, Li S. Systemic aging fuels heart failure: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic avenues. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 39034866 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic aging influences various physiological processes and contributes to structural and functional decline in cardiac tissue. These alterations include an increased incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, a decline in left ventricular diastolic function, left atrial dilation, atrial fibrillation, myocardial fibrosis and cardiac amyloidosis, elevating susceptibility to chronic heart failure (HF) in the elderly. Age-related cardiac dysfunction stems from prolonged exposure to genomic, epigenetic, oxidative, autophagic, inflammatory and regenerative stresses, along with the accumulation of senescent cells. Concurrently, age-related structural and functional changes in the vascular system, attributed to endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, impaired angiogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation, impose additional strain on the heart. Dysregulated mechanosignalling and impaired nitric oxide signalling play critical roles in the age-related vascular dysfunction associated with HF. Metabolic aging drives intricate shifts in glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid accumulation within cardiomyocytes. These alterations contribute to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and impaired contractility, ultimately propelling HF. Systemic low-grade chronic inflammation, in conjunction with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, aggravates cardiac dysfunction with age by promoting immune cell infiltration into the myocardium, fostering HF. This is further exacerbated by age-related comorbidities like coronary artery disease (CAD), atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CAD and atherosclerosis induce myocardial ischaemia and adverse remodelling, while hypertension contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Obesity-associated insulin resistance, inflammation and dyslipidaemia create a profibrotic cardiac environment, whereas diabetes-related metabolic disturbances further impair cardiac function. CKD-related fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances and uraemic toxins exacerbate HF through systemic inflammation and neurohormonal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation. Recognizing aging as a modifiable process has opened avenues to target systemic aging in HF through both lifestyle interventions and therapeutics. Exercise, known for its antioxidant effects, can partly reverse pathological cardiac remodelling in the elderly by countering processes linked to age-related chronic HF, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, senescence and declining cardiomyocyte regeneration. Dietary interventions such as plant-based and ketogenic diets, caloric restriction and macronutrient supplementation are instrumental in maintaining energy balance, reducing adiposity and addressing micronutrient and macronutrient imbalances associated with age-related HF. Therapeutic advancements targeting systemic aging in HF are underway. Key approaches include senomorphics and senolytics to limit senescence, antioxidants targeting mitochondrial stress, anti-inflammatory drugs like interleukin (IL)-1β inhibitors, metabolic rejuvenators such as nicotinamide riboside, resveratrol and sirtuin (SIRT) activators and autophagy enhancers like metformin and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, all of which offer potential for preserving cardiac function and alleviating the age-related HF burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyubing Fang
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Karamay Hospital of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Umar Raza
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Karamay Hospital of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Outpatient Clinic of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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4
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Hinton A, Claypool SM, Neikirk K, Senoo N, Wanjalla CN, Kirabo A, Williams CR. Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Human Heart Failure. Circ Res 2024; 135:372-396. [PMID: 38963864 PMCID: PMC11225798 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Despite clinical and scientific advancements, heart failure is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation contribute to the development and progression of heart failure. Although inflammation is crucial to reparative healing following acute cardiomyocyte injury, chronic inflammation damages the heart, impairs function, and decreases cardiac output. Mitochondria, which comprise one third of cardiomyocyte volume, may prove a potential therapeutic target for heart failure. Known primarily for energy production, mitochondria are also involved in other processes including calcium homeostasis and the regulation of cellular apoptosis. Mitochondrial function is closely related to morphology, which alters through mitochondrial dynamics, thus ensuring that the energy needs of the cell are met. However, in heart failure, changes in substrate use lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired myocyte function. This review discusses mitochondrial and cristae dynamics, including the role of the mitochondria contact site and cristae organizing system complex in mitochondrial ultrastructure changes. Additionally, this review covers the role of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, mitochondrial communication via nanotunnels, and altered metabolite production during heart failure. We highlight these often-neglected factors and promising clinical mitochondrial targets for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.H., K.N.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Steven M. Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M.C., N.S.)
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.H., K.N.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M.C., N.S.)
| | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (C.N.W., A.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (C.N.W., A.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology (A.K.)
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation (A.K.)
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (A.K.)
| | - Clintoria R. Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (C.R.W.)
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5
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Quinn M, Zhang RYK, Bello I, Rye KA, Thomas SR. Myeloperoxidase as a Promising Therapeutic Target after Myocardial Infarction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:788. [PMID: 39061857 PMCID: PMC11274265 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) remain leading causes of death and disability worldwide. CAD begins with the formation of atherosclerotic plaques within the intimal layer of the coronary arteries, a process driven by persistent arterial inflammation and oxidation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a mammalian haem peroxidase enzyme primarily expressed within neutrophils and monocytes, has been increasingly recognised as a key pro-inflammatory and oxidative enzyme promoting the development of vulnerable coronary atherosclerotic plaques that are prone to rupture, and can precipitate a MI. Mounting evidence also implicates a pathogenic role for MPO in the inflammatory process that follows a MI, which is characterised by the rapid infiltration of activated neutrophils into the damaged myocardium and the release of MPO. Excessive and persistent cardiac inflammation impairs normal cardiac healing post-MI, resulting in adverse cardiac outcomes and poorer long-term cardiac function, and eventually heart failure. This review summarises the evidence for MPO as a significant oxidative enzyme contributing to the inappropriate inflammatory responses driving the progression of CAD and poor cardiac healing after a MI. It also details the proposed mechanisms underlying MPO's pathogenic actions and explores MPO as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of unstable CAD and cardiac damage post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shane R. Thomas
- Cardiometabolic Disease Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Heidler J, Cabrera-Orefice A, Wittig I, Heyne E, Tomczak JN, Petersen B, Henze D, Pohjoismäki JLO, Szibor M. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment reveals spatiotemporal OXPHOS plasticity in the porcine heart. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae210. [PMID: 38881840 PMCID: PMC11179111 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes meet their high ATP demand almost exclusively by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Adequate oxygen supply is an essential prerequisite to keep OXPHOS operational. At least two spatially distinct mitochondrial subpopulations facilitate OXPHOS in cardiomyocytes, i.e. subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM). Their intracellular localization below the sarcolemma or buried deep between the sarcomeres suggests different oxygen availability. Here, we studied SSM and IFM isolated from piglet hearts and found significantly lower activities of electron transport chain enzymes and F1FO-ATP synthase in IFM, indicative for compromised energy metabolism. To test the contribution of oxygen availability to this outcome, we ventilated piglets under hyperbaric hyperoxic (HBO) conditions for 240 min. HBO treatment raised OXPHOS enzyme activities in IFM to the level of SSM. Complexome profiling analysis revealed that a high proportion of the F1FO-ATP synthase in the IFM was in a disassembled state prior to the HBO treatment. Upon increased oxygen availability, the enzyme was found to be largely assembled, which may account for the observed increase in OXPHOS complex activities. Although HBO also induced transcription of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, a full proteome analysis revealed only minimal alterations, meaning that HBO-mediated tissue remodeling is an unlikely cause for the observed differences in OXPHOS. We conclude that a previously unrecognized oxygen-regulated mechanism endows cardiac OXPHOS with spatiotemporal plasticity that may underlie the enormous metabolic and contractile adaptability of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Heidler
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Experimental Vascular Surgery, University Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Estelle Heyne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Tomczak
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bjoern Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), 31535 Mariensee, Germany
| | - Dirk Henze
- Praxis für Anästhesiologie, Dr. Henze & Partner GbR, 06116 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jaakko L O Pohjoismäki
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Marten Szibor
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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7
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Zhang H, Muhetarijiang M, Chen RJ, Hu X, Han J, Zheng L, Chen T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Roadmap for Understanding and Tackling Cardiovascular Aging. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0058. [PMID: 38739929 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging is a progressive remodeling process constituting a variety of cellular and molecular alterations that are closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of the changes in mitochondrial function during cardiovascular aging is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac aging is accompanied by fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, metabolic changes, and infiltration of immune cells, collectively contributing to the overall remodeling of the heart. Similarly, during vascular aging, there is a profound remodeling of blood vessel structure. These remodeling present damage to endothelial cells, increased vascular stiffness, impaired formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), the development of arteriosclerosis, and chronic vascular inflammation. This review underscores the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging, exploring its impact on fibrosis and myocardial alterations, metabolic remodeling, immune response remodeling, as well as in vascular aging in the heart. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of mitochondria-targeted therapies in preventing cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mairedan Muhetarijiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ryan J Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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8
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Mendoza A, Patel P, Robichaux D, Ramirez D, Karch J. Inhibition of the mPTP and Lipid Peroxidation Is Additively Protective Against I/R Injury. Circ Res 2024; 134:1292-1305. [PMID: 38618716 PMCID: PMC11081482 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, high levels of matrix Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which causes mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately necrotic death. However, the mechanisms of how these triggers individually or cooperatively open the pore have yet to be determined. METHODS Here, we use a combination of isolated mitochondrial assays and in vivo I/R surgery in mice. We challenged isolated liver and heart mitochondria with Ca2+, ROS, and Fe2+ to induce mitochondrial swelling. Using inhibitors of the mPTP (cyclosporine A or ADP) lipid peroxidation (ferrostatin-1, MitoQ), we determined how the triggers elicit mitochondrial damage. Additionally, we used the combination of inhibitors during I/R injury in mice to determine if dual inhibition of these pathways is additivity protective. RESULTS In the absence of Ca2+, we determined that ROS fails to trigger mPTP opening. Instead, high levels of ROS induce mitochondrial dysfunction and rupture independently of the mPTP through lipid peroxidation. As expected, Ca2+ in the absence of ROS induces mPTP-dependent mitochondrial swelling. Subtoxic levels of ROS and Ca2+ synergize to induce mPTP opening. Furthermore, this synergistic form of Ca2+- and ROS-induced mPTP opening persists in the absence of CypD (cyclophilin D), suggesting the existence of a CypD-independent mechanism for ROS sensitization of the mPTP. These ex vivo findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be achieved by multiple means during I/R injury. We determined that dual inhibition of the mPTP and lipid peroxidation is significantly more protective against I/R injury than individually targeting either pathway alone. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we have investigated the relationship between Ca2+ and ROS, and how they individually or synergistically induce mitochondrial swelling. Our findings suggest that Ca2+ mediates mitochondrial damage through the opening of the mPTP, although ROS mediates its damaging effects through lipid peroxidation. However, subtoxic levels both Ca2+ and ROS can induce mPTP-mediated mitochondrial damage. Targeting both of these triggers to preserve mitochondria viability unveils a highly effective therapeutic approach for mitigating I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielys Mendoza
- Department of Integrative Physiology (A.M., P.P., D.R., D.R., J.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Pooja Patel
- Department of Integrative Physiology (A.M., P.P., D.R., D.R., J.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Dexter Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Physiology (A.M., P.P., D.R., D.R., J.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- Department of Integrative Physiology (A.M., P.P., D.R., D.R., J.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology (A.M., P.P., D.R., D.R., J.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- the Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
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9
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Dubois M, Boulghobra D, Rochebloine G, Pallot F, Yehya M, Bornard I, Gayrard S, Coste F, Walther G, Meyer G, Gaillard JC, Armengaud J, Alpha-Bazin B, Reboul C. Hyperglycemia triggers RyR2-dependent alterations of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in response to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion: Key role of DRP1 activation. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103044. [PMID: 38266577 PMCID: PMC10835010 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia increases the heart sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion (IR), but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Mitochondrial dynamics (the processes that govern mitochondrial morphology and their interactions with other organelles, such as the reticulum), has emerged as a key factor in the heart vulnerability to IR. However, it is unknown whether mitochondrial dynamics contributes to hyperglycemia deleterious effect during IR. We hypothesized that (i) the higher heart vulnerability to IR in hyperglycemic conditions could be explained by hyperglycemia effect on the complex interplay between mitochondrial dynamics, Ca2+ homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; and (ii) the activation of DRP1, a key regulator of mitochondrial dynamics, could play a central role. Using transmission electron microscopy and proteomic analysis, we showed that the interactions between sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and mitochondrial fission were increased during IR in isolated rat hearts perfused with a hyperglycemic buffer compared with hearts perfused with a normoglycemic buffer. In isolated mitochondria and cardiomyocytes, hyperglycemia increased mitochondrial ROS production and Ca2+ uptake. This was associated with higher RyR2 instability. These results could contribute to explain the early mPTP activation in mitochondria from isolated hearts perfused with a hyperglycemic buffer and in hearts from streptozotocin-treated rats (to increase the blood glucose). DRP1 inhibition by Mdivi-1 during the hyperglycemic phase and before IR induction, normalized Ca2+ homeostasis, ROS production, mPTP activation, and reduced the heart sensitivity to IR in streptozotocin-treated rats. In conclusion, hyperglycemia-dependent DRP1 activation results in higher reticulum-mitochondria calcium exchange that contribute to the higher heart vulnerability to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Dubois
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | | | | | - Florian Pallot
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Marc Yehya
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Isabelle Bornard
- UR407 INRAE Pathologie Végétale, INRAE, 84140, Montfavet, France
| | | | - Florence Coste
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | | | - Gregory Meyer
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Jean-Charles Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Béatrice Alpha-Bazin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Cyril Reboul
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France.
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10
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Song YH, Lei HX, Yu D, Zhu H, Hao MZ, Cui RH, Meng XS, Sheng XH, Zhang L. Endogenous chemicals guard health through inhibiting ferroptotic cell death. Biofactors 2024; 50:266-293. [PMID: 38059412 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death caused by iron-dependent accumulation of lethal polyunsaturated phospholipids peroxidation. It has received considerable attention owing to its putative involvement in a wide range of pathophysiological processes such as organ injury, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion, degenerative disease and its prevalence in plants, invertebrates, yeasts, bacteria, and archaea. To counter ferroptosis, living organisms have evolved a myriad of intrinsic efficient defense systems, such as cyst(e)ine-glutathione-glutathione peroxidase 4 system (cyst(e)ine-GPX4 system), guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1/tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) system (GCH1/BH4 system), ferroptosis suppressor protein 1/coenzyme Q10 system (FSP1/CoQ10 system), and so forth. Among these, GPX4 serves as the only enzymatic protection system through the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides, while other defense systems ultimately rely on small compounds to scavenge lipid radicals and prevent ferroptotic cell death. In this article, we systematically summarize the chemical biology of lipid radical trapping process by endogenous chemicals, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), BH4, hydropersulfides, vitamin K, vitamin E, 7-dehydrocholesterol, with the aim of guiding the discovery of novel ferroptosis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Xu Lei
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dou Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Hao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong-Hua Cui
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Shuai Meng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xie-Huang Sheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, China
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Camacho-Encina M, Booth LK, Redgrave RE, Folaranmi O, Spyridopoulos I, Richardson GD. Cellular Senescence, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Their Link to Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2024; 13:353. [PMID: 38391966 PMCID: PMC10886919 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a group of disorders affecting the heart or blood vessels, are the primary cause of death worldwide, with an immense impact on patient quality of life and disability. According to the World Health Organization, CVD takes an estimated 17.9 million lives each year, where more than four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes. In the decades to come, an increased prevalence of age-related CVD, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery stenosis, myocardial infarction (MI), valvular heart disease, and heart failure (HF) will contribute to an even greater health and economic burden as the global average life expectancy increases and consequently the world's population continues to age. Considering this, it is important to focus our research efforts on understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying CVD. In this review, we focus on cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction, which have long been established to contribute to CVD. We also assess the recent advances in targeting mitochondrial dysfunction including energy starvation and oxidative stress, mitochondria dynamics imbalance, cell apoptosis, mitophagy, and senescence with a focus on therapies that influence both and therefore perhaps represent strategies with the most clinical potential, range, and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camacho-Encina
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (O.F.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Laura K. Booth
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (L.K.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Rachael E. Redgrave
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (O.F.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Omowumi Folaranmi
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (O.F.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (L.K.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Gavin D. Richardson
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (O.F.); (G.D.R.)
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12
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Rostamzadeh F, Najafipour H, Aminizadeh S, Jafari E. Therapeutic effects of the combination of moderate-intensity endurance training and MitoQ supplementation in rats with isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury: The role of mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116020. [PMID: 38147733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial dysfunction causes myocardial disease. This study investigated the effects of MitoQ alone and in combination with moderate-intensity endurance training (EX) on cardiac function and content and mRNA expression of several proteins involved in mitochondrial quality control in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced heart injuries METHODS: Seven groups of CTL, ISO, ISO-EX, ISO-MitoQ-125, ISO-MitoQ-250, ISO-EX+MitoQ-125, and ISO-EX+MitoQ-250 were assigned. Rats were trained on a treadmill, and the MitoQ groups received MitoQ in drinking water for 8 weeks, starting one week after the induction of heart injury. Arterial pressure and cardiac function indices, mRNA expression, protein content, oxidant and antioxidant markers, fibrosis, and histopathological changes were assessed by physiograph, Real-Time PCR, immunofluorescence, calorimetry, Masson's trichrome, and H&E staining, respectively. RESULTS The impacts of MitoQ-125, EX+MitoQ-125, and EX+MitoQ-250 on arterial pressure and left ventricular systolic pressure were higher than MitoQ-250 or EX alone. ± dp/dt max were higher in ISO-EX+MitoQ-125 and ISO-EX+MitoQ-250 than ISO-MitoQ-125 and ISO-MitoQ-250 groups, respectively. Histopathological scores and fibrosis decreased in ISO-EX, ISO-MitoQ-125, ISO-EX+MitoQ-125, and ISO-EX+MitoQ-250 groups. The restoration of MFN2, PINK-1, and FIS-1 changes was higher in ISO-EX+MitoQ-125 and ISO-EX+MitoQ-250 than ISO-EX, ISO-MitoQ-125 and ISO-MitoQ-250 groups. The expression of MFN2 and PINK-1 was lower in ISO-MitoQ-125 and ISO-EX+MitoQ-125 than ISO and CTL groups. The expression of FIS-1 in ISO-EX and ISO-EX+MitoQ-250 increased compared to CTL and ISO groups. MDA decreased in ISO-MitoQ-125 and ISO-EX+MitoQ-125 groups. CONCLUSION Exercise and MitoQ combination have additive effects on cardiac function by modulating cardiac mitochondria quality. This study provided a possible therapy to treat heart injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rostamzadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Soheil Aminizadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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13
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Yan S, Sheak JR, Walker BR, Jernigan NL, Resta TC. Contribution of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species to Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2060. [PMID: 38136180 PMCID: PMC10741244 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) resulting from chronic hypoxia (CH) occurs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, sleep apnea, and restrictive lung diseases, as well as in residents at high altitude. Previous studies from our group and others demonstrate a detrimental role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of CH-induced PH, although the subcellular sources of ROS are not fully understood. We hypothesized that mitochondria-derived ROS (mtROS) contribute to enhanced vasoconstrictor reactivity and PH following CH. To test the hypothesis, we exposed rats to 4 weeks of hypobaric hypoxia (PB ≈ 380 mmHg), with control rats housed in ambient air (PB ≈ 630 mmHg). Chronic oral administration of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ attenuated CH-induced decreases in pulmonary artery (PA) acceleration time, increases in right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary arterial remodeling. In addition, endothelium-intact PAs from CH rats exhibited a significantly greater basal tone compared to those from control animals, as was eliminated via MitoQ. CH also augmented the basal tone in endothelium-disrupted PAs, a response associated with increased mtROS production in primary PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from CH rats. However, we further uncovered an effect of NO synthase inhibition with Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) to unmask a potent endothelial vasoconstrictor influence that accentuates mtROS-dependent vasoconstriction following CH. This basal tone augmentation in the presence of L-NNA disappeared following combined endothelin A and B receptor blockade with BQ123 and BQ788. The effects of using CH to augment vasoconstriction and PASMC mtROS production in exogenous endothelin 1 (ET-1) were similarly prevented by MitoQ. We conclude that mtROS participate in the development of CH-induced PH. Furthermore, mtROS signaling in PASMCs is centrally involved in enhanced pulmonary arterial constriction following CH, a response potentiated by endogenous ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas C. Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA (J.R.S.); (B.R.W.); (N.L.J.)
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14
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Dridi H, Santulli G, Bahlouli L, Miotto MC, Weninger G, Marks AR. Mitochondrial Calcium Overload Plays a Causal Role in Oxidative Stress in the Failing Heart. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1409. [PMID: 37759809 PMCID: PMC10527470 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious global health challenge, affecting more than 6.2 million people in the United States and is projected to reach over 8 million by 2030. Independent of etiology, failing hearts share common features, including defective calcium (Ca2+) handling, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and oxidative stress. In cardiomyocytes, Ca2+ not only regulates excitation-contraction coupling, but also mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress signaling, thereby controlling the function and actual destiny of the cell. Understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of increased mitochondrial Ca2+ influx is an ongoing challenge in order to identify novel therapeutic targets to alleviate the burden of heart failure. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying altered mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in heart failure and the potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Laith Bahlouli
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Marco C. Miotto
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Gunnar Weninger
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Andrew R. Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
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15
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do Val Lima PR, Ronconi KS, Morra EA, Rodrigues PL, Ávila RA, Merlo E, Graceli JB, Simões MR, Stefanon I, Ribeiro Júnior RF. Testosterone deficiency impairs cardiac interfibrillar mitochondrial function and myocardial contractility while inducing oxidative stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1206387. [PMID: 37780627 PMCID: PMC10534000 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1206387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clinical studies have shown that low levels of endogenous testosterone are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Considering the intimate connection between oxidative metabolism and myocardial contractility, we determined the effects of testosterone deficiency on the two spatially distinct subpopulations of cardiac mitochondria, subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar (IFM). Methods We assessed cardiac function and cardiac mitochondria structure of SSM and IFM after 12 weeks of testosterone deficiency in male Wistar rats. Results and Discussion Results show that low testosterone reduced myocardial contractility. Orchidectomy increased total left ventricular mitochondrial protein in the SSM, but not in IFM. The membrane potential, size and internal complexity in the IFM after orchidectomy were higher compared to the SHAM group. However, the rate of oxidative phosphorylation with all substrates in the IFM after orchidectomy was lower compared to the SHAM group. Testosterone replacement restored these changes. In the testosterone-deficient SSM group, oxidative phosphorylation was decreased with palmitoyl-L-carnitine as substrate; however, the mitochondrial calcium retention capacity in IFM was increased. There was no difference in swelling of the mitochondria in either group. These changes in IFM were followed by a reduction in phosphorylated form of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) translocation to mitochondria and decreased mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Testosterone deficiency increased NADPH oxidase (NOX), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) protein expression and reduced mitochondrial antioxidant proteins such as manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and catalase in the IFM. Treatment with apocynin (1.5 mM in drinking water) normalized myocardial contractility and interfibrillar mitochondrial function in the testosterone depleted animals. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that testosterone deficiency leads to reduced myocardial contractility and impaired cardiac interfibrillar mitochondrial function. Our data suggest the involvement of reactive oxygen species, with a possibility of NOX as an enzymatic source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karoline Sousa Ronconi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Elis Aguiar Morra
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Paula Lopes Rodrigues
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Renata Andrade Ávila
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Jones B. Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Ivanita Stefanon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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16
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Li Q, Zhang S, Yang G, Wang X, Liu F, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhou T, Xie D, Liu Y, Zhang L. Energy metabolism: A critical target of cardiovascular injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115271. [PMID: 37544284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main killers threatening human health. Many studies have shown that abnormal energy metabolism plays a key role in the occurrence and development of acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. Regulating cardiac energy metabolism is a frontier topic in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, we are not very clear about the choice of different substrates, the specific mechanism of energy metabolism participating in the course of cardiovascular disease, and how to develop appropriate drugs to regulate energy metabolism to treat cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this paper reviews how energy metabolism participates in cardiovascular pathophysiological processes and potential drugs aimed at interfering energy metabolism.It is expected to provide good suggestions for promoting the clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Li
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shangzu Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gengqiang Yang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fuxian Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dingxiong Xie
- Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, LanZhou, China.
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine and Transformation Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Liying Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, LanZhou, China.
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17
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Chen L, Zhou M, Li H, Liu D, Liao P, Zong Y, Zhang C, Zou W, Gao J. Mitochondrial heterogeneity in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:311. [PMID: 37607925 PMCID: PMC10444818 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As key organelles involved in cellular metabolism, mitochondria frequently undergo adaptive changes in morphology, components and functions in response to various environmental stresses and cellular demands. Previous studies of mitochondria research have gradually evolved, from focusing on morphological change analysis to systematic multiomics, thereby revealing the mitochondrial variation between cells or within the mitochondrial population within a single cell. The phenomenon of mitochondrial variation features is defined as mitochondrial heterogeneity. Moreover, mitochondrial heterogeneity has been reported to influence a variety of physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, immunoregulation, and tumor progression. Here, we comprehensively review the mitochondrial heterogeneity in different tissues under pathological states, involving variant features of mitochondrial DNA, RNA, protein and lipid components. Then, the mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial heterogeneity are also summarized, such as the mutation of the mitochondrial genome and the import of mitochondrial proteins that result in the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA and protein components. Additionally, multiple perspectives are investigated to better comprehend the mysteries of mitochondrial heterogeneity between cells. Finally, we summarize the prospective mitochondrial heterogeneity-targeting therapies in terms of alleviating mitochondrial oxidative damage, reducing mitochondrial carbon stress and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis to relieve various pathological conditions. The possibility of recent technological advances in targeted mitochondrial gene editing is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengnan Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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Müller M, Donhauser E, Maske T, Bischof C, Dumitrescu D, Rudolph V, Klinke A. Mitochondrial Integrity Is Critical in Right Heart Failure Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11108. [PMID: 37446287 PMCID: PMC10342493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular processes underlying right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (RVD) and right heart failure (RHF) need to be understood to develop tailored therapies for the abatement of mortality of a growing patient population. Today, the armament to combat RHF is poor, despite the advancing identification of pathomechanistic processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction implying diminished energy yield, the enhanced release of reactive oxygen species, and inefficient substrate metabolism emerges as a potentially significant cardiomyocyte subcellular protagonist in RHF development. Dependent on the course of the disease, mitochondrial biogenesis, substrate utilization, redox balance, and oxidative phosphorylation are affected. The objective of this review is to comprehensively analyze the current knowledge on mitochondrial dysregulation in preclinical and clinical RVD and RHF and to decipher the relationship between mitochondrial processes and the functional aspects of the right ventricle (RV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Müller
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Elfi Donhauser
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Tibor Maske
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Bischof
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Daniel Dumitrescu
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Volker Rudolph
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Anna Klinke
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Lee WE, Genetzakis E, Figtree GA. Novel Strategies in the Early Detection and Treatment of Endothelial Cell-Specific Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Coronary Artery Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1359. [PMID: 37507899 PMCID: PMC10376062 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although elevated cholesterol and other recognised cardiovascular risk factors are important in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart attack, the susceptibility of humans to this fatal process is distinct from other animals. Mitochondrial dysfunction of cells in the arterial wall, particularly the endothelium, has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. In this manuscript, we review the established evidence and mechanisms in detail and explore the potential opportunities arising from analysing mitochondrial function in patient-derived cells such as endothelial colony-forming cells easily cultured from venous blood. We discuss how emerging technology and knowledge may allow us to measure mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and risk management. We also discuss the "pros and cons" of animal models of atherosclerosis, and how patient-derived cell models may provide opportunities to develop novel therapies relevant for humans. Finally, we review several targets that potentially alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction working both via direct and indirect mechanisms and evaluate the effect of several classes of compounds in the cardiovascular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian E. Lee
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.E.L.); (E.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elijah Genetzakis
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.E.L.); (E.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.E.L.); (E.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
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Murphy E, Liu JC. Mitochondrial calcium and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1105-1116. [PMID: 35986915 PMCID: PMC10411964 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are one of the most mitochondria-rich cell types in the body, with ∼30-40% of the cell volume being composed of mitochondria. Mitochondria are well established as the primary site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in a beating cardiomyocyte, generating up to 90% of its ATP. Mitochondria have many functions in the cell, which could contribute to susceptibility to and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mitochondria are key players in cell metabolism, ATP production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell death. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) plays a critical role in many of these pathways, and thus the dynamics of mitochondrial Ca2+ are important in regulating mitochondrial processes. Alterations in these varied and in many cases interrelated functions play an important role in CVD. This review will focus on the interrelationship of mitochondrial energetics, Ca2+, and ROS and their roles in CVD. Recent insights into the regulation and dysregulation of these pathways have led to some novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Murphy
- NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julia C Liu
- NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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21
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Seydi E, Karbalay M, Naderpour S, Arjmand A, Pourahmad J. Cardiotoxicity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine through mitochondrial pathway. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:26. [PMID: 37085872 PMCID: PMC10119838 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical therapies can cause cardiotoxicity. Chloroquine (QC) and hydroxychloroquine (HQC) are drugs used in the treatment of malaria and skin and rheumatic disorders. These drugs were considered to help treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019. Despite the low cost and availability of QC and HQC, reports indicate that this class of drugs can cause cardiotoxicity. The mechanism of this event is not well known, but evidence shows that QC and HQC can cause cardiotoxicity by affecting mitochondria and lysosomes. METHODS Therefore, our study was designed to investigate the effects of QC and HQC on heart mitochondria. In order to achieve this aim, mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane disruption, and cytochrome c release in heart mitochondria were evaluated. Statistical significance was determined using the one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey to evaluate mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and cytochrome c release, and Bonferroni test to evaluate the ROS level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, and mitochondrial swelling. RESULTS Based on ANOVA analysis (one-way), the results of mitochondrial SDH activity showed that the IC50 concentration for CQ is 20 µM and for HCQ is 50 µM. Based on two-way ANOVA analysis, the highest effect of CQ and HCQ on the generation of ROS, collapse in the MMP, and mitochondrial swelling were observed at 40 µM and 100 µM concentrations, respectively (p < 0.05). Also, the highest effect of these two drugs has been observed in 60 min (p < 0.05). The statistical results showed that compared to CQ, HCQ is able to cause the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria in all applied concentrations (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that QC and HQC can cause cardiotoxicity which can lead to heart disorders through oxidative stress and disfunction of heart mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojgan Karbalay
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saghi Naderpour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - Abdollah Arjmand
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Pu TT, Wu W, Liang PD, Du JC, Han SL, Deng XL, Du XJ. Evaluation of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) Deficiency and Therapy in Mouse Models of Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:259-269. [PMID: 36668724 PMCID: PMC10079299 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of heart failure, but targeted therapeutic interventions remain elusive. Previous studies have shown coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) insufficiency in patients with heart disease with undefined mechanism and modest effectiveness of CoQ10 supplement therapy. Using 2 transgenic mouse models of cardiomyopathy owing to cardiac overexpression of Mst1 (Mst1-TG) or β 2 -adrenoceptor (β 2 AR-TG), we studied changes in cardiac CoQ10 content and alterations in CoQ10 biosynthesis genes. We also studied in Mst1-TG mice effects of CoQ10, delivered by oral or injection regimens, on both cardiac CoQ10 content and cardiomyopathy phenotypes. High performance liquid chromatography and RNA sequencing revealed in both models significant reduction in cardiac content of CoQ10 and downregulation of most genes encoding CoQ10 biosynthesis enzymes. Mst1-TG mice with 70% reduction in cardiac CoQ10 were treated with CoQ10 either by oral gavage or i.p. injection for 4-8 weeks. Oral regimens failed in increasing cardiac CoQ10 content, whereas injection regimen effectively restored the cardiac CoQ10 level in a time-dependent manner. However, CoQ10 restoration in Mst1-TG mice did not correct mitochondrial dysfunction measured by energy metabolism, downregulated expression of marker proteins, and oxidative stress nor to preserve cardiac contractile function. In conclusion, mouse models of cardiomyopathy exhibited myocardial CoQ10 deficiency likely due to suppressed endogenous synthesis of CoQ10. In contrast to ineffectiveness of oral administration, CoQ10 administration by injection regimen in cardiomyopathy mice restored cardiac CoQ10 content, which, however, failed in achieving detectable efficacy at molecular and global functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Pu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Pei-Da Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Chan Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Sheng-Li Han
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
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23
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Punetha M, Saini S, Chaudhary S, Bala R, Sharma M, Kumar P, Kumar D, Yadav PS. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ ameliorates ROS production and improves cell viability in cryopreserved buffalo fibroblasts. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102067. [PMID: 36958101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation commonly decreases the cellular functionality and post-thaw viability of cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cryopreservation degrade mitochondrial activity and promote the release of cytochrome C which activates caspases required for apoptosis. Antioxidants have the potential to improve the recovery efficiency of cells by reducing ROS production and maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The present study was conducted to explore the role of MitoQ, a derivative of coenzyme Q10 on cryopreserved fibroblasts derived from buffalo skin. To achieve our goal, buffalo skin fibroblasts were treated with varying concentrations of MitoQ (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 10 μM) for 24, 48, and 72 h. The MMP, ROS generation, cell viability was measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, expression of genes related to mitochondrial oxidative stress (NRF2, GPX, and SOD), apoptosis (BAK and caspase 3) and cell proliferation (AKT) were also assessed. The results showed that over a period of 72 h lower concentrations of MitoQ (0.1-0.5 μM) decrease the ROS production, improves MMP and cell viability whilst the high concentration of MitoQ (2-10 μM) increased the oxidative damage to the cells. Taken together, our study provide important insights into the novel role of MitoQ in cryopreserved buffalo skin fibroblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrated the dose-dependent functional role of MitoQ on cryopreserved fibroblasts for improving post-thaw cell viability and cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeti Punetha
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sheetal Saini
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Renu Bala
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Maninder Sharma
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
| | - P S Yadav
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
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24
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Emerging Therapy for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030662. [PMID: 36979641 PMCID: PMC10045486 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by abnormal myocardial structure or performance in the absence of coronary artery disease or significant valvular heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. The spectrum of diabetic cardiomyopathy ranges from subtle myocardial changes to myocardial fibrosis and diastolic function and finally to symptomatic heart failure. Except for sodium–glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors and possibly bariatric and metabolic surgery, there is currently no specific treatment for this distinct disease entity in patients with diabetes. The molecular mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy includes impaired nutrient-sensing signaling, dysregulated autophagy, impaired mitochondrial energetics, altered fuel utilization, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, advanced glycation end-products, inflammation, impaired calcium homeostasis, abnormal endothelial function and nitric oxide production, aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and sympathetic hyperactivity, and extracellular matrix accumulation and fibrosis. Here, we summarize several important emerging treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy targeting specific molecular mechanisms, with evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myocardial metabolism is intricately linked to cardiac function. Perturbations of cardiac energy metabolism result in an energy-starved heart and the development of contractile dysfunction. In this review, we discuss alterations in myocardial energy supply, transcriptional changes in response to different energy demands, and mitochondrial function in the development of heart failure. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies on substrate modulation through modifying energy substrate supply have shown cardioprotective properties. In addition, large cardiovascular outcome trials of anti-diabetic agents have demonstrated prognostic benefit, suggesting the importance of myocardial metabolism in cardiac function. Understanding molecular and transcriptional controls of cardiac metabolism promises new research avenues for metabolic treatment targets. Future studies assessing the impact of substrate modulation on cardiac energetic status and function will better inform development of metabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher May Ng
- Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, UK
- Department of Cardiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver J Rider
- Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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26
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Balachander K, Priyadharsini JV, Paramasivam A. Mitochondrial remodeling in cardiovascular disease: Therapeutic potential. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:542-543. [PMID: 36414744 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Balachander
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Jayaseelan Vijayashree Priyadharsini
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Arumugam Paramasivam
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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27
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Tan G, Qin Z, Jiang S, Zhang L, Zhang G, Huang M, Huang Z, Jin J. MitoQ alleviates triptolide-induced cardiotoxicity via activation of p62/Nrf2 axis in H9c2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 86:105487. [PMID: 36272531 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) is one of the major components of Tripterygium wilfordii, which is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the cardiotoxicity induced by TP greatly limits its widespread clinical application. In view of the role of ROS-mediated oxidative stress in TP-induced cardiotoxicity, mitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenger, was used in this study to investigate its protective effect against TP-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity and its possible underlying mechanism. Here we demonstrated that mitoQ could significantly attenuate TP-induced cardiotoxicity in cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells, with a remarkable improvement in cell viability and reduction in ROS levels. P62-Nrf2 signaling pathway has been reported to play a critical role in regulating oxidative stress and protecting cells from harmful stimuli. In this study, we found that mitoQ significantly activated p62-Nrf2 signaling pathway in H9c2 cells with or without TP treatment. Moreover, knockdown of p62 or Nrf2 could block the protective effect of mitoQ against TP in H9c2 cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates that mitoQ can alleviate TP-induced cardiotoxicity via the activation of p62-Nrf2 signaling pathway, which provides new potential strategies to combat TP-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyan Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiqin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gengyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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28
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Werbner B, Tavakoli-Rouzbehani OM, Fatahian AN, Boudina S. The dynamic interplay between cardiac mitochondrial health and myocardial structural remodeling in metabolic heart disease, aging, and heart failure. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2023; 3:9. [PMID: 36742465 PMCID: PMC9894375 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2022.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a holistic perspective on the bi-directional relationship between cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial structural remodeling in the context of metabolic heart disease, natural cardiac aging, and heart failure. First, a review of the physiologic and molecular drivers of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction across a range of increasingly prevalent conditions such as metabolic syndrome and cardiac aging is presented, followed by a general review of the mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control (QC) in the heart. Several important mechanisms by which cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction triggers or contributes to structural remodeling of the heart are discussed: accumulated metabolic byproducts, oxidative damage, impaired mitochondrial QC, and mitochondrial-mediated cell death identified as substantial mechanistic contributors to cardiac structural remodeling such as hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. Subsequently, the less studied but nevertheless important reverse relationship is explored: the mechanisms by which cardiac structural remodeling feeds back to further alter mitochondrial bioenergetic function. We then provide a condensed pathogenesis of several increasingly important clinical conditions in which these relationships are central: diabetic cardiomyopathy, age-associated declines in cardiac function, and the progression to heart failure, with or without preserved ejection fraction. Finally, we identify promising therapeutic opportunities targeting mitochondrial function in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Werbner
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Amir Nima Fatahian
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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29
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Huang X, Zeng Z, Li S, Xie Y, Tong X. The Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122760. [PMID: 36559254 PMCID: PMC9788260 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of systemic disorders threatening human health with complex pathogenesis, among which mitochondrial energy metabolism reprogramming has a critical role. Mitochondria are cell organelles that fuel the energy essential for biochemical reactions and maintain normal physiological functions of the body. Mitochondrial metabolic disorders are extensively involved in the progression of CVD, especially for energy-demanding organs such as the heart. Therefore, elucidating the role of mitochondrial metabolism in the progression of CVD is of great significance to further understand the pathogenesis of CVD and explore preventive and therapeutic methods. In this review, we discuss the major factors of mitochondrial metabolism and their potential roles in the prevention and treatment of CVD. The current application of mitochondria-targeted therapeutic agents in the treatment of CVD and advances in mitochondria-targeted gene therapy technologies are also overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Biomedical Research Center, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yufei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
- Correspondence:
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30
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Yang J, Chen S, Duan F, Wang X, Zhang X, Lian B, Kou M, Chiang Z, Li Z, Lian Q. Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy: Molecular Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Models, and Therapeutic Management. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213511. [PMID: 36359908 PMCID: PMC9655095 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy (MCM) is characterized by abnormal heart-muscle structure and function, caused by mutations in the nuclear genome or mitochondrial DNA. The heterogeneity of gene mutations and various clinical presentations in patients with cardiomyopathy make its diagnosis, molecular mechanism, and therapeutics great challenges. This review describes the molecular epidemiology of MCM and its clinical features, reviews the promising diagnostic tests applied for mitochondrial diseases and cardiomyopathies, and details the animal and cellular models used for modeling cardiomyopathy and to investigate disease pathogenesis in a controlled in vitro environment. It also discusses the emerging therapeutics tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies of cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Yang
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Shaoxiang Chen
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Fuyu Duan
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pingyang People’s Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325499, China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Boonxuan Lian
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 30 Frome Rd., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Meng Kou
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Zhixin Chiang
- Department of Allied Health Science Faculty of Science, Tunku Abdul Rahman University, Ipoh 31900, Malaysia
| | - Ziyue Li
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Department of Surgery, Shenzhen Hong Kong University Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2831-5403
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31
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Green A, Hossain T, Eckmann DM. Mitochondrial dynamics involves molecular and mechanical events in motility, fusion and fission. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1010232. [PMID: 36340034 PMCID: PMC9626967 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cell organelles that play pivotal roles in maintaining cell survival, cellular metabolic homeostasis, and cell death. Mitochondria are highly dynamic entities which undergo fusion and fission, and have been shown to be very motile in vivo in neurons and in vitro in multiple cell lines. Fusion and fission are essential for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through control of morphology, content exchange, inheritance of mitochondria, maintenance of mitochondrial DNA, and removal of damaged mitochondria by autophagy. Mitochondrial motility occurs through mechanical and molecular mechanisms which translocate mitochondria to sites of high energy demand. Motility also plays an important role in intracellular signaling. Here, we review key features that mediate mitochondrial dynamics and explore methods to advance the study of mitochondrial motility as well as mitochondrial dynamics-related diseases and mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Green
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - David M. Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: David M. Eckmann,
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32
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Qi X, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Wen Z, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Pang Y, Lu J. Research progress on the relationship between mitochondrial function and heart failure: A bibliometric study from 2002 to 2021. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1036364. [PMID: 36330217 PMCID: PMC9622797 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1036364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the major public health problems in the world. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the relationship between heart failure and mitochondrial function. In the past 2 decades, a growing number of research papers in this field have been published. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of the published literature on the relationship between MF and HF in the past 20 years by utilizing Microsoft Excel 2019, Biblio metric analysis platform, WoSCC database, VosViewer and Citespace. The results show that the papers have increased year by year and China and the United States are the leading countries in this field, as well as the countries with the most cooperation and exchanges. University of california system is the research institution with the greatest impacts on research results, and Yip H.K. is the author with more papers. The American Journal of Physiology-heart and Circulatory Physiology is probably the most popular magazine. At present, most of the published articles on mitochondria and HF are cited from internationally influential journals. The research focus includes oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis imbalance, mitochondrial quality control and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by inflammation in the pathogenesis of HF. Targeted regulating of mitochondria will be the keynote of future research on prevention and treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qi
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhide Zhu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhihao Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, Chinad
| | - Zhixiong Jiang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liren Zhang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Pang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, Chinad
- *Correspondence: Yan Pang, ; Jianqi Lu,
| | - Jianqi Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, Chinad
- *Correspondence: Yan Pang, ; Jianqi Lu,
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El Meouchy P, Wahoud M, Allam S, Chedid R, Karam W, Karam S. Hypertension Related to Obesity: Pathogenesis, Characteristics and Factors for Control. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012305. [PMID: 36293177 PMCID: PMC9604511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) refers to obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a health risk. Obesity was first designated as a disease in 2012 and since then the cost and the burden of the disease have witnessed a worrisome increase. Obesity and hypertension are closely interrelated as abdominal obesity interferes with the endocrine and immune systems and carries a greater risk for insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Many factors are at the interplay between obesity and hypertension. They include hemodynamic alterations, oxidative stress, renal injury, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance, sleep apnea syndrome and the leptin-melanocortin pathway. Genetics, epigenetics, and mitochondrial factors also play a major role. The measurement of blood pressure in obese patients requires an adapted cuff and the search for other secondary causes is necessary at higher thresholds than the general population. Lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise are often not enough to control obesity, and so far, bariatric surgery constitutes the most reliable method to achieve weight loss. Nonetheless, the emergence of new agents such as Semaglutide and Tirzepatide offers promising alternatives. Finally, several molecular pathways are actively being explored, and they should significantly extend the treatment options available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul El Meouchy
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Health, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mohamad Wahoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sabine Allam
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El Koura P.O. Box 100, Lebanon
| | - Roy Chedid
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS 39401, USA
| | - Wissam Karam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS 67214, USA
| | - Sabine Karam
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Correspondence:
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Masoumi-Ardakani Y, Najafipour H, Nasri HR, Aminizadeh S, Jafari SJ, Safi Z. Moderate Endurance Training and MitoQ Improve Cardiovascular Function, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Hypertensive Individuals: The Role of miR-21 and miR-222: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24:577-585. [PMID: 36259475 PMCID: PMC9617024 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.8089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension (HTN) is among the leading causes of myocardial infarction, stroke, and kidney disease. The MitoQ supplement is a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant that attenuates the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). miRNAs play an essential role in the pathophysiology of HTN. Regular aerobic exercise is recommended to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of MitoQ supplementation and moderate endurance training (ET), alone and in combination, on cardiac function, blood pressure, the circulatory levels of miRNA-21 and miRNA-222, and oxidative status in individuals with HTN. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial (except for ET group), 52 male hypertensive subjects (40-55 years old) were randomly divided into four groups (n=13): Placebo, MitoQ (20 mg/day, oral), ET (Cycle ergometer, moderate intensity, 40-60% VO2 peak, three sessions/week for six weeks), and MitoQ+ET. Cardiac echocardiography indices, serum oxidative and inflammation status, and miRNAs 21 and 222 were assessed before and after interventions. RESULTS Left ventricular mass [effect size (ES): -6.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): -11.2 to -1.4] and end-systolic/ diastolic diameters significantly improved in the intervention groups (ES: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.11 to 0.00 and -0.09, 95% CI: -0.16 to -0.02). Total serum antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased (ES: 36.0, 95% CI: 26.1 to 45.8), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (ES: -0.43, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.32), IL-6 (ES: -1.6, 95% CI: -1.98 to -1.25), miR-21 (ES: -0.48, 95% CI: -0.61 to -0.35), and miR-222 (ES: -0.31, 95% CI: -0.44 to -0.18) significantly decreased in response to ET, MitoQ, and their combination. CONCLUSION MitoQ and ET, individually and more pronouncedly in combination, can improve cardiovascular health in people with high blood pressure (BP) by reducing inflammation and increasing antioxidant defense, in association with reduction in circulatory miR-21 and miR-222 levels (registration number: IRCT20190228042870N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Masoumi-Ardakani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of
Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,
Kerman, Iran,P.O.Box: 7619813159Cardiovascular Research CenterInstitute of Basic and Clinical Physiology SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Hamid Reza Nasri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,
Kerman, Iran
| | - Soheil Aminizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of
Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shirin Jafari Jafari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,
Kerman, Iran
| | - Zohreh Safi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Mitophagy: A Potential Target for Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Remodelling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2849985. [PMID: 36204518 PMCID: PMC9532135 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2849985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathological mechanisms underlying cardiac remodelling and cardiac dysfunction caused by pressure overload are poorly understood. Mitochondrial damage and functional dysfunction, including mitochondrial bioenergetic disorder, oxidative stress, and mtDNA damage, contribute to heart injury caused by pressure overload. Mitophagy, an important regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis and function, is triggered by mitochondrial damage and participates in the pathological process of cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies indicate that mitophagy plays a critical role in the pressure overload model, but evidence on the causal relationship between mitophagy abnormality and pressure overload-induced heart injury is inconclusive. This review summarises the mechanism, role, and regulation of mitophagy in the pressure overload model. It also pays special attention to active compounds that may regulate mitophagy in pressure overload, which provide clues for possible clinical applications.
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Jedrzejewska A, Braczko A, Kawecka A, Hellmann M, Siondalski P, Slominska E, Kutryb-Zajac B, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Novel Targets for a Combination of Mechanical Unloading with Pharmacotherapy in Advanced Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179886. [PMID: 36077285 PMCID: PMC9456495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
LVAD therapy is an effective rescue in acute and especially chronic cardiac failure. In several scenarios, it provides a platform for regeneration and sustained myocardial recovery. While unloading seems to be a key element, pharmacotherapy may provide powerful tools to enhance effective cardiac regeneration. The synergy between LVAD support and medical agents may ensure satisfying outcomes on cardiomyocyte recovery followed by improved quality and quantity of patient life. This review summarizes the previous and contemporary strategies for combining LVAD with pharmacotherapy and proposes new therapeutic targets. Regulation of metabolic pathways, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function, immunomodulating treatment, and stem-cell therapies represent therapeutic areas that require further experimental and clinical studies on their effectiveness in combination with mechanical unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ada Kawecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Hellmann
- Department of Cardiac Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Siondalski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Magdi H. Yacoub
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College of London at Harefield Hospital, Harefield UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z.); (R.T.S.)
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Stamerra CA, Di Giosia P, Giorgini P, Ferri C, Sukhorukov VN, Sahebkar A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Emerging Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9530007. [PMID: 35958017 PMCID: PMC9363184 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9530007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria ensure the supply of cellular energy through the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. The alteration of this process, called mitochondrial dysfunction, leads to a reduction in ATP and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by mitochondrial/nuclear DNA mutations, or it can be secondary to pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, aging, and environmental stress. The use of therapies aimed at the prevention/correction of mitochondrial dysfunction, in the context of the specific treatment of cardiovascular diseases, is a topic of growing interest. In this context, the data are conflicting since preclinical studies are numerous, but there are no large randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Andrea Stamerra
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mazzoni Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Giosia
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mazzoni Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgini
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lazou A, Ramachandra CJ. Protecting the Mitochondria in Cardiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158115. [PMID: 35897690 PMCID: PMC9331751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Chrishan J. Ramachandra
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (C.J.R.)
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Mason SA, Wadley GD, Keske MA, Parker L. Effect of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants on glycaemic control, cardiovascular health, and oxidative stress in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1047-1060. [PMID: 35165982 PMCID: PMC9314850 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants (mitoAOXs) on glycaemic control, cardiovascular health, and oxidative stress outcomes in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Randomized controlled trials investigating mitoAOX interventions in humans were searched for in databases (MEDLINE-PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) and clinical trial registries up to 10 June 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations were used to assess trial quality and evidence certainty, respectively. RESULTS Nineteen studies (n = 884 participants) using mitoAOXs (including Elamipretide, MitoQ and MitoTEMPO) were included in the systematic review. There were limited studies investigating the effects of mitoAOXs on glycaemic control; and outcomes and population groups in studies focusing on cardiovascular health were diverse. MitoAOXs significantly improved brachial flow-mediated dilation (n = 3 trials; standardized mean difference: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.28, 2.16; I2 : 67%) with very low evidence certainty. No significant effects were found for any other glycaemic, cardiovascular or oxidative stress-related outcomes with mitoAOXs in quantitative analyses, with evidence certainty rated mostly as low. There was a lack of serious treatment-emergent adverse events with mitoAOXs, although subcutaneous injection of Elamipretide increased mild-moderate injection site-related events. CONCLUSION While short-term studies indicate that mitoAOXs are generally well tolerated, there is currently limited evidence to support the use of mitoAOXs in the management of glycaemic control and cardiovascular health. Review findings suggest that future research should focus on the effects of mitoAOXs on glycaemic control and endothelial function in target clinical population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Andrew Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelong
| | - Glenn David Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelong
| | - Michelle Anne Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelong
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelong
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Yang J, Guo Q, Feng X, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: Potential Targets for Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841523. [PMID: 35646910 PMCID: PMC9140220 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are serious public health issues and are responsible for nearly one-third of global deaths. Mitochondrial dysfunction is accountable for the development of most CVDs. Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation and inevitably generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS causes mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Mitochondria can protect against these damages via the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. In recent years, mitochondria-targeted therapy for CVDs has attracted increasing attention. Various studies have confirmed that clinical drugs (β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor-II blockers) against CVDs have mitochondrial protective functions. An increasing number of cardiac mitochondrial targets have shown their cardioprotective effects in experimental and clinical studies. Here, we briefly introduce the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and summarize the progression of mitochondrial targets against CVDs, which may provide ideas for experimental studies and clinical trials.
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Song R, Dasgupta C, Mulder C, Zhang L. MicroRNA-210 Controls Mitochondrial Metabolism and Protects Heart Function in Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2022; 145:1140-1153. [PMID: 35296158 PMCID: PMC9007902 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide. In this study, we test the hypothesis that microRNA-210 protects the heart from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury by controlling mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) flux. METHODS Myocardial infarction in an acute setting of IR was examined through comparing loss- versus gain-of-function experiments in microRNA-210-deficient and wild-type mice. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Myocardial mitochondria bioenergetics was examined using a Seahorse XF24 Analyzer. RESULTS MicroRNA-210 deficiency significantly exaggerated cardiac dysfunction up to 6 weeks after myocardial IR in male, but not female, mice. Intravenous injection of microRNA-210 mimic blocked the effect and recovered the increased myocardial IR injury and cardiac dysfunction. Analysis of mitochondrial metabolism revealed that microRNA-210 inhibited mitochondrial oxygen consumption, increased glycolytic activity, and reduced mitochondrial ROS flux in the heart during IR injury. Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS with MitoQ consistently reversed the effect of microRNA-210 deficiency. Mechanistically, we showed that mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a novel target of microRNA-210 in the heart, and loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments revealed that glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase played a key role in the microRNA-210-mediated effect on mitochondrial metabolism and ROS flux in the setting of heart IR injury. Knockdown of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase negated microRNA-210 deficiency-induced increases in mitochondrial ROS production and myocardial infarction and improved left ventricular fractional shortening and ejection fraction after the IR treatment. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA-210 targeting glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase controls mitochondrial bioenergetics and ROS flux and improves cardiac function in a murine model of myocardial infarction in the setting of IR injury. The findings suggest new insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic targets for treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Cassidy Mulder
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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Pin F, Huot JR, Bonetto A. The Mitochondria-Targeting Agent MitoQ Improves Muscle Atrophy, Weakness and Oxidative Metabolism in C26 Tumor-Bearing Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:861622. [PMID: 35392166 PMCID: PMC8980422 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.861622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a debilitating syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle wasting, weakness and fatigue. Several pathogenetic mechanisms can contribute to these muscle derangements. Mitochondrial alterations, altered metabolism and increased oxidative stress are known to promote muscle weakness and muscle catabolism. To the extent of improving cachexia, several drugs have been tested to stimulate mitochondrial function and normalize the redox balance. The aim of this study was to test the potential beneficial anti-cachectic effects of Mitoquinone Q (MitoQ), one of the most widely-used mitochondria-targeting antioxidant. Here we show that MitoQ administration (25 mg/kg in drinking water, daily) in vivo was able to improve body weight loss in Colon-26 (C26) bearers, without affecting tumor size. Consistently, the C26 hosts displayed ameliorated skeletal muscle and strength upon treatment with MitoQ. In line with improved skeletal muscle mass, the treatment with MitoQ was able to partially correct the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligases Atrogin-1 and Murf1. Contrarily, the anabolic signaling was not improved by the treatment, as showed by unchanged AKT, mTOR and 4EBP1 phosphorylation. Assessment of gene expression showed altered levels of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis in the tumor hosts, although only Mitofusin-2 levels were significantly affected by the treatment. Interestingly, the levels of Pdk4 and CytB, genes involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function and metabolism, were also partially increased by MitoQ, in line with the modulation of hexokinase (HK), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzymatic activities. The improvement of the oxidative metabolism was associated with reduced myosteatosis (i.e., intramuscular fat infiltration) in the C26 bearers receiving MitoQ, despite unchanged muscle LDL receptor expression, therefore suggesting that MitoQ could boost β-oxidation in the muscle tissue and promote a glycolytic-to-oxidative shift in muscle metabolism and fiber composition. Overall, our data identify MitoQ as an effective treatment to improve skeletal muscle mass and function in tumor hosts and further support studies aimed at testing the anti-cachectic properties of mitochondria-targeting antioxidants also in combination with routinely administered chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joshua R. Huot
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrea Bonetto,
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Mongirdienė A, Skrodenis L, Varoneckaitė L, Mierkytė G, Gerulis J. Reactive Oxygen Species Induced Pathways in Heart Failure Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030602. [PMID: 35327404 PMCID: PMC8945343 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With respect to structural and functional cardiac disorders, heart failure (HF) is divided into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Oxidative stress contributes to the development of both HFrEF and HFpEF. Identification of a broad spectrum of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced pathways in preclinical models has provided new insights about the importance of ROS in HFrEF and HFpEF development. While current treatment strategies mostly concern neuroendocrine inhibition, recent data on ROS-induced metabolic pathways in cardiomyocytes may offer additional treatment strategies and targets for both of the HF forms. The purpose of this article is to summarize the results achieved in the fields of: (1) ROS importance in HFrEF and HFpEF pathophysiology, and (2) treatments for inhibiting ROS-induced pathways in HFrEF and HFpEF patients. ROS-producing pathways in cardiomyocytes, ROS-activated pathways in different HF forms, and treatment options to inhibit their action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aušra Mongirdienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +370-837361768
| | - Laurynas Skrodenis
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.S.); (L.V.); (G.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Leila Varoneckaitė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.S.); (L.V.); (G.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Gerda Mierkytė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.S.); (L.V.); (G.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Justinas Gerulis
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.S.); (L.V.); (G.M.); (J.G.)
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VDAC2 as a novel target for heart failure: Ca2+ at the sarcomere, mitochondria and SR. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Purpose of Review We review therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring function of the failing heart by targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), ion handling, and substrate utilization for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Recent Findings Mitochondria-targeted therapies have been tested in animal models of and humans with heart failure (HF). Cardiac benefits of sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might be partly explained by their effects on ion handling and metabolism of cardiac myocytes. Summary The large energy requirements of the heart are met by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, which is tightly regulated by the turnover of ATP that fuels cardiac contraction and relaxation. In heart failure (HF), this mechano-energetic coupling is disrupted, leading to bioenergetic mismatch and production of ROS that drive the progression of cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, HF is accompanied by changes in substrate uptake and oxidation that are considered detrimental for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and negatively affect cardiac efficiency. Mitochondria lie at the crossroads of metabolic and energetic dysfunction in HF and represent ideal therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schwemmlein
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Is Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress a Viable Therapeutic Target in Preeclampsia? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020210. [PMID: 35204094 PMCID: PMC8868187 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable research efforts over the past few decades, the pathology of preeclampsia (PE) remains poorly understood with no new FDA-approved treatments. There is a substantial amount of work being conducted by investigators around the world to identify targets to develop therapies for PE. Oxidative stress has been identified as one of the crucial players in pathogenesis of PE and has garnered a great deal of attention by several research groups including ours. While antioxidants have shown therapeutic benefit in preclinical models of PE, the clinical trials evaluating antioxidants (vitamin E and vitamin C) were found to be disappointing. Although the idea behind contribution of mitochondrial oxidative stress in PE is not new, recent years have seen an enormous interest in exploring mitochondrial oxidative stress as an important pathological mediator in PE. We and others using animals, cell models, and preeclamptic patient samples have shown the evidence for placental, renal, and endothelial cell mitochondrial oxidative stress, and its significance in PE. These studies offer promising results; however, the important and relevant question is can we translate these results into clinical efficacy in treating PE. Hence, the purpose of this review is to review the existing literature and offer our insights on the potential of mitochondrial antioxidants in treating PE.
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Rodríguez LR, Lapeña-Luzón T, Benetó N, Beltran-Beltran V, Pallardó FV, Gonzalez-Cabo P, Navarro JA. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Mitochondrial Calcium Signaling: A New Hope for Neurological Diseases? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010165. [PMID: 35052668 PMCID: PMC8773297 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a versatile secondary messenger involved in the regulation of a plethora of different signaling pathways for cell maintenance. Specifically, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis is mainly regulated by the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria, whose Ca2+ exchange is mediated by appositions, termed endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), formed by proteins resident in both compartments. These tethers are essential to manage the mitochondrial Ca2+ influx that regulates the mitochondrial function of bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, cell death, and oxidative stress. However, alterations of these pathways lead to the development of multiple human diseases, including neurological disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich's ataxia, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth. A common hallmark in these disorders is mitochondrial dysfunction, associated with abnormal mitochondrial Ca2+ handling that contributes to neurodegeneration. In this work, we highlight the importance of Ca2+ signaling in mitochondria and how the mechanism of communication in MAMs is pivotal for mitochondrial maintenance and cell homeostasis. Lately, we outstand potential targets located in MAMs by addressing different therapeutic strategies focused on restoring mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake as an emergent approach for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (T.L.-L.); (N.B.); (V.B.-B.); (F.V.P.)
- Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.R.R.); (P.G.-C.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Tamara Lapeña-Luzón
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (T.L.-L.); (N.B.); (V.B.-B.); (F.V.P.)
- Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Benetó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (T.L.-L.); (N.B.); (V.B.-B.); (F.V.P.)
- Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Beltran-Beltran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (T.L.-L.); (N.B.); (V.B.-B.); (F.V.P.)
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (T.L.-L.); (N.B.); (V.B.-B.); (F.V.P.)
- Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (T.L.-L.); (N.B.); (V.B.-B.); (F.V.P.)
- Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.R.R.); (P.G.-C.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Juan Antonio Navarro
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València-INCLIVA, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.R.R.); (P.G.-C.); (J.A.N.)
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Tachycardiomyopathy entails a dysfunctional pattern of interrelated mitochondrial functions. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:45. [PMID: 36068416 PMCID: PMC9448689 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tachycardiomyopathy is characterised by reversible left ventricular dysfunction, provoked by rapid ventricular rate. While the knowledge of mitochondria advanced in most cardiomyopathies, mitochondrial functions await elucidation in tachycardiomyopathy. Pacemakers were implanted in 61 rabbits. Tachypacing was performed with 330 bpm for 10 days (n = 11, early left ventricular dysfunction) or with up to 380 bpm over 30 days (n = 24, tachycardiomyopathy, TCM). In n = 26, pacemakers remained inactive (SHAM). Left ventricular tissue was subjected to respirometry, metabolomics and acetylomics. Results were assessed for translational relevance using a human-based model: induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes underwent field stimulation for 7 days (TACH-iPSC-CM). TCM animals showed systolic dysfunction compared to SHAM (fractional shortening 37.8 ± 1.0% vs. 21.9 ± 1.2%, SHAM vs. TCM, p < 0.0001). Histology revealed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (cross-sectional area 393.2 ± 14.5 µm2 vs. 538.9 ± 23.8 µm2, p < 0.001) without fibrosis. Mitochondria were shifted to the intercalated discs and enlarged. Mitochondrial membrane potential remained stable in TCM. The metabolite profiles of ELVD and TCM were characterised by profound depletion of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Redox balance was shifted towards a more oxidised state (ratio of reduced to oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 10.5 ± 2.1 vs. 4.0 ± 0.8, p < 0.01). The mitochondrial acetylome remained largely unchanged. Neither TCM nor TACH-iPSC-CM showed relevantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative phosphorylation capacity of TCM decreased modestly in skinned fibres (168.9 ± 11.2 vs. 124.6 ± 11.45 pmol·O2·s-1·mg-1 tissue, p < 0.05), but it did not in isolated mitochondria. The pattern of mitochondrial dysfunctions detected in two models of tachycardiomyopathy diverges from previously published characteristic signs of other heart failure aetiologies.
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Liu C, Ma N, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yang F, Su X, Zhang G, Xiong X, Xing Y. Relevance of mitochondrial oxidative stress to arrhythmias: Innovative concepts to target treatments. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106027. [PMID: 34890774 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmia occurs frequently worldwide, and in severe cases can be fatal. Mitochondria are the power plants of cardiomyocytes. In recent studies, mitochondria under certain stimuli produced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which affect the normal function of cardiomyocytes through ion channels and related proteins. Mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS) plays a key role in diseases with multifactorial etiopathogenesis, such as arrhythmia; MOS can lead to arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. This review discusses the mechanisms of arrhythmias caused by MOS, particularly of ROS produced by mitochondria. MOS can cause arrhythmias by affecting the activities of Ca2+-related proteins, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore protein, connexin 43, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4, and ion channels. Based on these mechanisms, we discuss possible new treatments for arrhythmia. Targeted treatments focusing on mitochondria may reduce the progression of arrhythmias, as well as the occurrence of severe arrhythmias, and may be effective for personalized disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Dezhou Second People's Hospital, Dezhou 253000, China
| | - Ziru Guo
- Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xin Su
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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Antioxidants Threaten Multikinase Inhibitor Efficacy against Liver Cancer by Blocking Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091336. [PMID: 34572967 PMCID: PMC8468105 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib and regorafenib, multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) used as standard chemotherapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cancer treatment. Antioxidant supplements are becoming popular additions to our diet, particularly glutathione derivatives and mitochondrial-directed compounds. To address their possible interference during HCC chemotherapy, we analyzed the effect of common antioxidants using hepatoma cell lines and tumor spheroids. In liver cancer cell lines, sorafenib and regorafenib induced mitochondrial ROS production and potent cell death after glutathione depletion. In contrast, cabozantinib only exhibited oxidative cell death in specific HCC cell lines. After sorafenib and regorafenib administration, antioxidants such as glutathione methyl ester and the superoxide scavenger MnTBAP decreased cell death and ROS production, precluding the MKI activity against hepatoma cells. Interestingly, sorafenib-induced mitochondrial damage caused PINK/Parkin-dependent mitophagy stimulation, altered by increased ROS production. Finally, in sorafenib-treated tumor spheroids, while ROS induction reduced tumor growth, antioxidant treatments favored tumor development. In conclusion, the anti-tumor activity of specific MKIs, such as regorafenib and sorafenib, is altered by the cellular redox status, suggesting that uncontrolled antioxidant intake during HCC treatment should be avoided or only endorsed to diminish chemotherapy-induced side effects, always under medical scrutiny.
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