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Bayazid AB, Lim BO. Therapeutic Effects of Plant Anthocyanin against Alzheimer's Disease and Modulate Gut Health, Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2024; 16:1554. [PMID: 38892488 PMCID: PMC11173718 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and neurogenerative disease (NDD), and it is also one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The number of AD patients is over 55 million according to 2020 Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI), and the number is increasing drastically without any effective cure. In this review, we discuss and analyze the potential role of anthocyanins (ACNs) against AD while understanding the molecular mechanisms. ACNs have been reported as having neuroprotective effects by mitigating cognitive impairments, apoptotic markers, neuroinflammation, aberrant amyloidogenesis, and tauopathy. Taken together, ACNs could be an important therapeutic agent for combating or delaying the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Borhan Bayazid
- Medicinal Biosciences, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Medicinal Biosciences, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Human Bioscience Corporate R&D Center, Human Bioscience Corp., 268 Chungwondaero, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
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2
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Pecoraro L, Peterle E, Dalla Benetta E, Piazza M, Chatziparasidis G, Kantar A. Well-Established and Traditional Use of Vegetal Extracts as an Approach to the "Deep Roots" of Cough. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:584. [PMID: 38790578 PMCID: PMC11120585 DOI: 10.3390/children11050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cough is a common presenting symptom for patients in a primary care setting and significantly impacts a patient's quality of life. Cough involves a complex reflex arc beginning with the stimulation of sensory nerves that function as cough receptors that stimulate the cough center in the brain. This "cough center" functions to receive these impulses and produce a cough by activating efferent nervous pathways to the diaphragm and laryngeal, thoracic, and abdominal musculature. Drugs that suppress the neural activity of cough are non-specific as those treatments are not directed toward pathogenic causes such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, they block a reflex called the watchdog of the lung and have a defense mechanism. Acute respiratory infections of the upper and lower airways most commonly cause acute cough. In contrast, the most common causes of chronic cough are upper airway cough syndrome, asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, all associated with an inflammatory reaction at the level of the cough receptors. The use of natural compounds or herbal drugs such as carob syrup, dry blackcurrant extract, dry extract of caraway fruit, dry extract of ginger rhizome, dry extract of marshmallow root, and dry extract of ivy leaves, to name a few, not only have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, but also act as antimicrobials, bronchial muscle relaxants, and increase gastric motility and empty. For these reasons, these natural substances are widely used to control cough at its deep roots (i.e., contrasting its causes and not inhibiting the arch reflex). With this approach, the lung watchdog is not put to sleep, as with peripheral or central inhibition of the cough reflex, and by contrasting the causes, we may control cough that viruses use at self-advantage to increase transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pecoraro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Piazza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Grigorios Chatziparasidis
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece
- School of Physical Education, Sport Science & Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Ahmad Kantar
- Pediatric Cough and Asthma Center, Istituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, University and Research Hospitals, 24036 Bergamo, Italy
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhang XY, Shi SR, Ma CN, Lin YP, Song WG, Guo SD. Natural products in atherosclerosis therapy by targeting PPARs: a review focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1372055. [PMID: 38699583 PMCID: PMC11064802 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1372055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and dyslipidemia are critical inducing factors of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors and control the expression of multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, synthesized PPAR agonists exhibit contrary therapeutic effects and various side effects in atherosclerosis therapy. Natural products are structural diversity and have a good safety. Recent studies find that natural herbs and compounds exhibit attractive therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis by alleviating hyperlipidemia and inflammation through modulation of PPARs. Importantly, the preparation of natural products generally causes significantly lower environmental pollution compared to that of synthesized chemical compounds. Therefore, it is interesting to discover novel PPAR modulator and develop alternative strategies for atherosclerosis therapy based on natural herbs and compounds. This article reviews recent findings, mainly from the year of 2020 to present, about the roles of natural herbs and compounds in regulation of PPARs and their therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. This article provides alternative strategies and theoretical basis for atherosclerosis therapy using natural herbs and compounds by targeting PPARs, and offers valuable information for researchers that are interested in developing novel PPAR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shan-Rui Shi
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chao-Nan Ma
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yun-Peng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Qixia Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Shandong Province, Yantai, China
| | - Wen-Gang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
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4
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Custodio-Mendoza JA, Aktaş H, Zalewska M, Wyrwisz J, Kurek MA. A Review of Quantitative and Topical Analysis of Anthocyanins in Food. Molecules 2024; 29:1735. [PMID: 38675555 PMCID: PMC11051960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins, a subclass of flavonoids known for their vibrant colors and health-promoting properties, are pivotal in the nutritional science and food industry. This review article delves into the analytical methodologies for anthocyanin detection and quantification in food matrices, comparing quantitative and topical techniques. Quantitative methods, including High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS), offer precise quantification and profiling of individual anthocyanins but require sample destruction, limiting their use in continuous quality control. Topical approaches, such as Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) and hyperspectral imaging, provide rapid, in situ analysis without compromising sample integrity, ideal for on-site food quality assessment. The review highlights the advancements in chromatographic techniques, particularly Ultra-high-performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with modern detectors, enhancing resolution and speed in anthocyanin analysis. It also emphasizes the growing importance of topical techniques in the food industry for their efficiency and minimal sample preparation. By examining the strengths and limitations of both analytical realms, this article aims to shed light on current challenges and prospective advancements, providing insights into future research directions for improving anthocyanin analysis in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcin A. Kurek
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.A.C.-M.); (H.A.); (M.Z.); (J.W.)
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5
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Godyla-Jabłoński M, Raczkowska E, Jodkowska A, Kucharska AZ, Sozański T, Bronkowska M. Effects of Anthocyanins on Components of Metabolic Syndrome-A Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1103. [PMID: 38674794 PMCID: PMC11054851 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant health problem. The co-occurrence of obesity, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidaemia is estimated to affect 20-30% of adults worldwide. Researchers are seeking solutions to prevent and treat the conditions related to MetS. Preventive medicine, which focuses on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including diet, plays a special role. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has documented health benefits, mainly due to the polyphenolic compounds it contains. Anthocyanins represent a major group of polyphenols; they exhibit anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, as well as beneficial effects on endothelial function and oxidative stress. This review presents recent reports on the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of anthocyanins on the body, especially among people with MetS. It includes epidemiological data, in vivo and in vitro preclinical studies and clinical observational studies. Anthocyanins are effective, widely available compounds that can be used in both the prevention and treatment of MetS and its complications. Increased consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods may contribute to the maintenance of normal body weight and modulation of the lipid profile in adults. However, further investigation is needed to confirm the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on serum glucose levels, improvement in insulin sensitivity and reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Godyla-Jabłoński
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Raczkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Jodkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Alicja Zofia Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Institute of Health Sciences—Collegium Salutis Humanae, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, 45-060 Opole, Poland;
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Liu Y, Fernandes I, Mateus N, Oliveira H, Han F. The Role of Anthocyanins in Alleviating Intestinal Diseases: A Mini Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5491-5502. [PMID: 38446808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are phytonutrients with physiological activity belonging to the flavonoid family whose transport and absorption in the human body follow specific pathways. In the upper gastrointestinal tract, anthocyanins are rarely absorbed intact by active transporters, with most reaching the colon, where bacteria convert them into metabolites. There is mounting evidence that anthocyanins can be used for prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and colorectal cancer (CRC), through the protective function on the intestinal epithelial barrier, immunomodulation, antioxidants, and gut microbiota metabolism. Dietary anthocyanins are summarized in this comprehensive review with respect to their classification and structure as well as their absorption and transport mechanisms within the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, the review delves into the role and mechanism of anthocyanins in treating common intestinal diseases. These insights will deepen our understanding of the potential benefits of natural anthocyanins for intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Iva Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fuliang Han
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Heyang Experimental Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Weinan 715300, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yongning 750104, China
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Mohyeldin RH, Abdelzaher WY, Sharata EE, Mohamed HMA, Ahmed MYM, Attia JZ, Atta M, Saleh RK, Ghallab EA, Marey H, Elrehany MA, Rofaeil RR. Aprepitant boasted a protective effect against olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome and its subsequent hepatic, renal, and ovarian dysfunction; Role of IGF 1/p-AKT/FOXO 1 and NFκB/IL-1β/TNF-α signaling pathways in female Wistar albino rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116020. [PMID: 38237301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) is a primary risk factor for insulin resistance, hepatorenal damage, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. The objective of the current study was to assess the protective effects of aprepitant (AP) against MS caused by olanzapine and the associated ovarian, renal, and liver dysfunction via modulation of IGF1/p-AKT/FOXO1 and NFκB/IL-1β/TNF-α signaling pathways. AP mitigated all biochemical and histopathological abnormalities induced by olanzapine and resulted in a significant reduction of serum HOMA-IR, lipid profile parameters, and a substantial decrease in hepatic, renal, and ovarian MDA, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, NFκB, and caspase 3. Serum AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, FSH, LH, and testosterone also decreased significantly by AP administration. The FOXO 1 signaling pathway was downregulated in the AP-treated group, while GSH, SOD, and HDL cholesterol levels were elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham H Mohyeldin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Ehab E Sharata
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Hamza M A Mohamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y M Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Josef Zekry Attia
- Department of Anesthesia and I.C.U, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Medhat Atta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Rabeh Khairy Saleh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Elshimaa A Ghallab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Heba Marey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A Elrehany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Remon Roshdy Rofaeil
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
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8
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Ho PY, Koh YC, Lu TJ, Liao PL, Pan MH. Purple Napiergrass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) Hot Water Extracts Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20701-20712. [PMID: 38088361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Purple Pennisetum (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), a hybrid between Taihucao No. 2 and the local wild species of purple Pennisetum, has dark red stems and leaves due to its anthocyanin content. This study explores the potential of purple napiergrass extracts (PNE) in alleviating obesity and metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet in mice, where 50% of the caloric content is derived from fat. Mice were orally administered low-dose or high-dose PNE alongside a high-fat diet. Experimental findings indicate that PNE attenuated weight gain, reduced liver, and adipose tissue weight, and lowered blood cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and blood sugar levels. Stained sections showed that PNE inhibited lipid accumulation and fat hypertrophy in the liver. Immunoblotting analysis suggested that PNE improved the inflammatory response associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia induced by a high-fat diet. Furthermore, PNE potentially functions as a PPAR-γ agonist, increasing the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) concentration and suppressing inflammatory factors, while elevating the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the liver. PNE-treated mice showed enhanced activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways and increased fatty acid oxidation and liver lipolysis. In conclusion, this study elucidated the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory, PI3K/Akt, and AMPK pathways in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model. These findings highlight the potential of PNE in reducing weight, inhibiting inflammation, and improving blood sugar and lipid levels, showing the potential for addressing obesity-related metabolic disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ting-Jang Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University-Yangming Campus, 155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221 Taiwan ROC
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC
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9
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Fragoso-Medina JA, López Vaquera SR, Domínguez-Uscanga A, Luna-Vital D, García N. Single anthocyanins effectiveness modulating inflammation markers in obesity: dosage and matrix composition analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1255518. [PMID: 38024376 PMCID: PMC10651755 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1255518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are phytochemicals with numerous bioactivities, e.g., antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Health benefits from consuming ACN-rich foods, extracts, and supplements have been studied in clinical trials (CT). However, the individual effect of single ACNs and their correlation with doses and specific bioactivities or molecular targets have not been thoroughly analyzed. This review shows a recompilation of single anthocyanins composition and concentrations used in CT, conducted to investigate the effect of these anti-inflammatory derivatives in obese condition. Single anthocyanin doses with changes in the levels of frequently monitored markers were correlated. In addition, the analysis was complemented with reports of studies made in vitro with single ACNs. Anthocyanins' efficacy in diseases with high baseline obesity-related inflammation markers was evidenced. A poor correlation was found between most single anthocyanin doses and level changes of commonly monitored markers. Correlations between cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin derivatives and specific molecular targets were proposed. Our analysis showed that knowledge of specific compositions and anthocyanin concentrations determined in future studies would provide more information about mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Fragoso-Medina
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Selma Romina López Vaquera
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Astrid Domínguez-Uscanga
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Noemí García
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Preclinical Research Unit, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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Yan S, Ding J, Wang Z, Zhang F, Li J, Zhang Y, Wu S, Yang L, Pang X, Zhang Y, Yang J. CTRP6 regulates M1 macrophage polarization via the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway and reprogramming glycolysis in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110840. [PMID: 37696144 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant polarization and functions of decidual macrophages are closely related to recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 6 (CTRP6) is a member of the adiponectin paralog family, and plays indispensable roles in inflammation, glucose uptake and tumor metastasis. However, the regulatory effect of CTRP6 on macrophage polarization and glycolysis in RSA and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we first found that CTRP6 expression was positively correlated with the M1 macrophage marker (CD86) in decidual tissues by dual immunofluorescence analysis. In vitro experiments indicated that CTRP6 could facilitate M1 macrophage activation through the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway and manipulate the glycolysis of macrophages. Notably, in addition to silencing CTRP6, treatment with a PPAR-γ agonist (GW1929) inhibited M1 macrophage polarization and rescued embryo absorption in vivo. Taken together, these results identify previously unrevealed functions of CTRP6 in macrophage transformation during RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Yan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, China
| | - Jinli Ding
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, China
| | - Shujuan Wu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, China
| | - Lian Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, China
| | - Xiangli Pang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, WuHan, HuBei, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, China.
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11
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Ou SJL, Yang D, Pranata HP, Tai ES, Liu MH. Postprandial glycemic and lipidemic effects of black rice anthocyanin extract fortification in foods of varying macronutrient compositions and matrices. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:59. [PMID: 37914734 PMCID: PMC10620212 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin (ACN) fortification of commonly consumed foods is significant as a dietary strategy against the development of metabolic complications by delivering ACNs at high doses. However, its bioactivity and translated metabolic effects in the presence of varying food matrices and macro-constituents is particularly unclear. This end-to-end study investigates the metabolic effects of black rice ACN extract (BRAE) fortification-from in-vitro enzyme inhibitory activities and digestibility, to downstream in vivo impacts on GI, postprandial glycemia and lipidemia. The in vivo effects were investigated in two separate crossover randomised controlled trials (RCT) of 24 healthy participants each-the first RCT determined the postprandial blood glucose, insulin, and ACN bioavailability to a starch-rich single food over 2 h, while the second RCT determined the postprandial blood glucose, insulin, lipid panel, and lipoprotein particles and subfractions to a starch- and fat-rich composite meal over 4 h. In-vitro findings confirmed the inhibitory activities of major black rice ACNs on carbohydrases (p = 0.0004), lipases (p = 0.0002), and starch digestibility (p < 0.0001). in vivo, a 27-point mean GI reduction of wheat bread was observed with BRAE fortification, despite a non-significant attenuation in postprandial glycemia. Conversely, there were no differences in postprandial glycemia when fortified bread was consumed as a composite meal, but acute lipid profiles were altered: (1) improved plasma HDL-c, ([0.0140 mmol/L, 95% CI: (0.00639, 0.0216)], p = 0.0028), Apo-A1 ([0.0296 mmol/L, 95% CI: (0.00757, 0.0515)], p = 0.0203), and Apo-B ([0.00880 mmol/L, 95% CI: (0.00243, 0.0152)], p = 0.0185), (2) modified LDL and HDL subfractions (p < 0.05), and (3) remodelled lipid distributions in HDL and LDL particles. This end-to-end study indicates the potential of ACN fortification in GI reduction and modulating postprandial lipoprotein profiles to starch- and fat-rich composite meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Jun Leong Ou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Dimeng Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hanny Putri Pranata
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Division of Endocrinology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Mei Hui Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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12
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Shah A, Mir PA, Adnan M, Patel M, Maqbool M, Mir RH, Masoodi MH. Synthetic and Natural Bioactive Molecules in Balancing the Crosstalk among Common Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease: Understanding the Neurotoxic Mechanisms for Therapeutic Intervention. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39964-39983. [PMID: 37929080 PMCID: PMC10620788 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The structure and function of the brain greatly rely on different signaling pathways. The wide variety of biological processes, including neurogenesis, axonal remodeling, the development and maintenance of pre- and postsynaptic terminals, and excitatory synaptic transmission, depends on combined actions of these molecular pathways. From that point of view, it is important to investigate signaling pathways and their crosstalk in order to better understand the formation of toxic proteins during neurodegeneration. With recent discoveries, it is established that the modulation of several pathological events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Wnt signaling, 5'-adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1, silent mating-type information regulator 2 homologue 1) are central to the key findings. These include decreased amyloid formation and inflammation, mitochondrial dynamics control, and enhanced neural stability. This review intends to emphasize the importance of these signaling pathways, which collectively determine the fate of neurons in AD in several ways. This review will also focus on the role of novel synthetic and natural bioactive molecules in balancing the intricate crosstalk among different pathways in order to prolong the longevity of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul
Jalil Shah
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Khalsa
College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Amritsar 143002, Punjab, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, University
of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Research
and Development Cell, Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute
of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Mudasir Maqbool
- Pharmacy
Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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13
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Li Q, Zhang F, Wang Z, Feng Y, Han Y. Advances in the Preparation, Stability, Metabolism, and Physiological Roles of Anthocyanins: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3969. [PMID: 37959087 PMCID: PMC10647620 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural flavonoid polyphenolic compounds widely found in fruits and vegetables. They exhibit antioxidant properties and prophylactic effects in the immune and cardiovascular systems, confer protection against cancer, and contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, their incorporation into functional foods, pharmaceuticals, supplements, and cosmetic formulations aims at promoting human well-being. This review comprehensively outlined the structural attributes of anthocyanins, expanding upon diverse methodologies employed for their extraction and production. Additionally, the stability, metabolic pathways, and manifold physiological functions of anthocyanins were discussed. However, their constrained fat solubility, susceptibility to instability, and restricted bioavailability collectively curtail their applicability and therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, a multidimensional approach was imperative, necessitating the exploration of innovative pathways to surmount these limitations, thereby amplifying the utilitarian significance of anthocyanins and furnishing pivotal support for their continual advancement and broader application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fengzhen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yaoze Feng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yahong Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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14
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Ejaz A, Waliat S, Afzaal M, Saeed F, Ahmad A, Din A, Ateeq H, Asghar A, Shah YA, Rafi A, Khan MR. Biological activities, therapeutic potential, and pharmacological aspects of blackcurrants ( Ribes nigrum L): A comprehensive review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5799-5817. [PMID: 37823094 PMCID: PMC10563683 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Blackcurrant possesses various health-endorsing attributes owing to its polyphenol profile. Recent studies have demonstrated its therapeutic potential against various health disorders. Various bioactives present in blackcurrants have different functional and pharmacological aspects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The most dominant and important bioactive include anthocyanins, flavonols, phenolic acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Food formats derived from blackcurrants comprise pomace, juice, powder, and extracts. All these food formats have industrial, prebiotic, and pharmacological benefits. In the current article, the nutritional composition, industrial applications, and therapeutic potential are discussed in the recent literature. Moreover, novel extraction techniques for the extraction of bioactive compounds present in blackcurrants and their safety concerns have been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Ejaz
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Sadaf Waliat
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ahmad Din
- National Institute of Food Science & TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Huda Ateeq
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Asma Asghar
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ahmad Rafi
- National Institute of Food Science & TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Mahbubur Rahman Khan
- Department of Food Processing and PreservationHajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology UniversityDinajpurBangladesh
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15
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Bahari H, Rafiei H, Goudarzi K, Omidian K, Asbaghi O, Kolbadi KSH, Naderian M, Hosseini A. The effects of pomegranate consumption on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2283-2301. [PMID: 37507609 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown the effects of pomegranate on oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers, while some studies showed no effects of pomegranate on these biomarkers. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of pomegranate consumption on C-reactive protein (CRP), interlukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in adults. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, up to May 2023 to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Heterogeneity tests of the included trials were performed using the I2 statistic. Random effects models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were determined as the weighted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Of 3811 records, 33 eligible RCTs were included in the current study. Our meta-analysis of the pooled findings showed that pomegranate consumption significantly reduced CRP (WMD: -0.50 mg/l; 95% CI -0.79 to -0.20; p = 0.001), IL-6 (WMD: -1.24 ng/L 95% CI -1.95 to -0.54; p = 0.001), TNF-α (WMD: -1.96 pg/ml 95%CI -2.75 to -1.18; p < 0.001), and MDA (WMD: -0.34 nmol/ml 95%CI -0.42 to -0.25; p < 0.001). Pooled analysis of 13 trials revealed that pomegranate consumption led to a significant increase in TAC (WMD: 0.26 mmol/L 95%CI 0.03 to 0.49; p = 0.025). CONCLUSION Overall, the results demonstrated that pomegranate consumption has beneficial effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in adults. Therefore, pomegranate can be consumed as an effective dietary approach to attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with cardiovascular diseases. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CODE CRD42023406684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Bahari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Omidian
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Moslem Naderian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Ali Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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16
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Yu Q, Yu F, Li Q, Zhang J, Peng Y, Wang X, Li T, Yin N, Sun G, Ouyang H, Chen Y, Mine Y, Tsao R, Zhang H. Anthocyanin-Rich Butterfly Pea Flower Extract Ameliorating Low-Grade Inflammation in a High-Fat-Diet and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:11941-11956. [PMID: 37526116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the enhancive effects of butterfly pea flower (BF) extracts on metabolic and immune homeostasis in a low-grade inflammation mouse model. The BF extract was found to contain mainly anthocyanins among other flavonoids. BF supplementation alleviated metabolic endotoxemia by lowering the plasma glucose, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels and restored lipid metabolism and the balance between Treg and Th17 cells, thereby inhibiting the dysfunctional liver and abdominal white adipose tissues. BF extract increased the tight junction protein expression and reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, therefore sustaining the colonic mucosa structure. Furthermore, BF extracts reshaped the gut microbiota structure characterized by significantly promoted SCFA-producing gut microbiota such as Akkermansia and Butyricicoccaceae. Additionally, BF extracts enhanced fecal primary bile acid (BA) levels and modulated bile acid signaling in the liver and ileum to facilitate BA synthesis for the restoration of lipid metabolism. In summary, anthocyanin-enriched BF extracts alleviated the profound negative dietary alterations and helped maintain the metabolic health by modulating the various aspects of the gut microenvironment and enhancing hepatic bile acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Fengyao Yu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - You Peng
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Ecological Chemical Industry, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ning Yin
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Genlin Sun
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yuhuan Chen
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
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17
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Zuccari G, Alfei S. Development of Phytochemical Delivery Systems by Nano-Suspension and Nano-Emulsion Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9824. [PMID: 37372971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The awareness of the existence of plant bioactive compounds, namely, phytochemicals (PHYs), with health properties is progressively expanding. Therefore, their massive introduction in the normal diet and in food supplements and their use as natural therapeutics to treat several diseases are increasingly emphasized by several sectors. In particular, most PHYs possessing antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-cholesterol, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties have been isolated from plants. Additionally, their secondary modification with new functionalities to further improve their intrinsic beneficial effects has been extensively investigated. Unfortunately, although the idea of exploiting PHYs as therapeutics is amazing, its realization is far from simple, and the possibility of employing them as efficient clinically administrable drugs is almost utopic. Most PHYs are insoluble in water, and, especially when introduced orally, they hardly manage to pass through physiological barriers and scarcely reach the site of action in therapeutic concentrations. Their degradation by enzymatic and microbial digestion, as well as their rapid metabolism and excretion, strongly limits their in vivo activity. To overcome these drawbacks, several nanotechnological approaches have been used, and many nanosized PHY-loaded delivery systems have been developed. This paper, by reporting various case studies, reviews the foremost nanosuspension- and nanoemulsion-based techniques developed for formulating the most relevant PHYs into more bioavailable nanoparticles (NPs) that are suitable or promising for clinical application, mainly by oral administration. In addition, the acute and chronic toxic effects due to exposure to NPs reported so far, the possible nanotoxicity that could result from their massive employment, and ongoing actions to improve knowledge in this field are discussed. The state of the art concerning the actual clinical application of both PHYs and the nanotechnologically engineered PHYs is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
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18
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Festa J, Hussain A, Al-Hareth Z, Singh H, Da Boit M. Anthocyanins and Vascular Health: A Matter of Metabolites. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091796. [PMID: 37174334 PMCID: PMC10178014 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoid polyphenols previously investigated for improving cardiovascular health and preventing the development of endothelial dysfunction. However, their poor bioavailability raises the question of whether the observed biological activity is due to their metabolites. Phenolic metabolites can reach higher plasma concentrations and can persist in the circulation for periods much longer than their original anthocyanin form; therefore, the biological activity and health promoting effects of anthocyanins may differ from their metabolites. To address this, recent studies have facilitated different cell models, in vivo studies and explored physiologically relevant concentrations to better understand their mechanisms of action. The criteria were chosen based on previous reports demonstrating that anthocyanins can improve endothelial function via modulation of the Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB, which made it critical to assess the phenolic metabolites' modes of action via these pathways. This review demonstrates how phenolic metabolites differ in bioactivity from their precursor anthocyanin, demonstrating improved endothelial function in response to inflammatory mediators at concentrations that are tolerated in vivo. The review highlights the crucial need for further studies to focus on improving the bioavailability of metabolites in isolation and explore the effect of metabolites in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Festa
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Aamir Hussain
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Zakia Al-Hareth
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Harprit Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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19
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Tao Z, Zhang R, Zuo W, Ji Z, Fan Z, Chen X, Huang R, Li X, Ma G. Association between dietary intake of anthocyanidins and heart failure among American adults: NHANES (2007–2010 and 2017–2018). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1107637. [PMID: 37090778 PMCID: PMC10113463 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDespite anthocyanidins have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, no studies have researched association between dietary intake of anthocyanidins and heart failure.MethodsWe enrolled 15,869 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007–2010 and 2017–2018) in this cross-sectional study. We examined baseline data and prevalence of heart failure in different quartile groups of anthocyanin intake (Q1-4). Three models were established through logistic regression to evaluate the protective effect of Q4 (highest anthocyanidins intake) on heart failure. The protective effect of high anthocyanidins intake on heart failure was further evaluated in different subgroups.ResultsParticipants with the highest anthocyanidins intake (Q4) had the lowest prevalence of heart failure (Q1:2.54%, Q2:2.33%, Q3:2.43%, Q4:1.57%, p = 0.02). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, compared with the Q1 group, the highest anthocyanidins intake (Q4) was independently related to lower presence of heart failure (Q4: OR 0.469, 95%CI [0.289, 0.732], p = 0.003). And this association was still stable in subgroups of female, ≥45 years, smoker, non-Hispanic White or without diabetes, stroke and renal failure.ConclusionDietary intake of anthocyanidins had negative association with the presence of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiao Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenjun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongguo Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Genshan Ma,
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Niu X, Han P, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhang T, Li B, Ma X, Wu Q, Ma X. Regulation of PPARγ/CPT-1 expression ameliorates cochlear hair cell injury by regulating cellular lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:473-483. [PMID: 36639590 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-01993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PPARγ/CPT-1 regulation on cisplatin-induced cochlear hair cell injury. The viability, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential of cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 cells were determined by CCK-8 assay, TUNEL and JC-1 staining, respectively. The oxidative stress and lipid metabolism were detected by the assay kits of MDA, ROS, SOD, CAT, TG and FFA. The transfection efficiency of overexpression (OV)-PPARG and OV-CPT1A was examined by RT-qPCR and the expressions of apoptosis- and lipid metabolism-related proteins were detected by western blot. As a result, cisplatin with varying concentrations (5, 10, 30 μM) suppressed the viability, promoted the apoptosis and hindered the mitochondrial function of HEI-OC1 cells, accompanied with up-regulated expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2. The oxidative stress was aggravated and lipid metabolism was inhibited by cisplatin (5, 10, 30 μM) induction, evidenced by the increased levels of MDA, ROS, TG, FFA and the decreased levels of SOD and CAT. Overexpression of PPARG or CPT1A could improve the viability, mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism and suppress the oxidative stress and apoptosis of cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 cells. In conclusion, up-regulation of PPARG or CPT1A ameliorated cochlear hair cell injury by improving cellular lipid metabolism and inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Niu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junsong Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zichen Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baiya Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, #227 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Rajput A, Sharma P, Singh D, Singh S, Kaur P, Attri S, Mohana P, Kaur H, Rashid F, Bhatia A, Jankowski J, Arora V, Tuli HS, Arora S. Role of polyphenolic compounds and their nanoformulations: a comprehensive review on cross-talk between chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:901-924. [PMID: 36826494 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a huge portion of the world's population and frequently leads to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It might be because of common risk factors between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases. Renal dysfunction caused by chronic kidney disease creates oxidative stress which in turn leads to cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in heart which results in atherosclerosis. It ends in clogging of veins and arteries that causes cardiac stroke and myocardial infarction. To develop an innovative therapeutic approach and new drugs to treat these diseases, it is important to understand the pathophysiological mechanism behind the CKD and CVDs and their interrelationship. Natural phytoconstituents of plants such as polyphenolic compounds are well known for their medicinal value. Polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites with immense antioxidant properties, which can protect from free radical damage. Nowadays, polyphenols are generating a lot of buzz in the scientific community because of their potential health benefits especially in the case of heart and kidney diseases. This review provides a detailed account of the pathophysiological link between CKD and CVDs and the pharmacological potential of polyphenols and their nanoformulations in promoting cardiovascular and renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Rajput
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Palvi Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Davinder Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sharabjit Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Shivani Attri
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pallvi Mohana
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Harneetpal Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Farhana Rashid
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Astha Bhatia
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanita Arora
- Sri Sukhmani Dental College & Hospital, Derabassi, Punjab, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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23
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de Oliveira MS, Pellenz FM, de Souza BM, Crispim D. Blueberry Consumption and Changes in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010019. [PMID: 36676944 PMCID: PMC9861336 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress are key mechanisms involved in obesity and related disorders. Polyphenols from blueberry (BB) and bilberries (BiB) might protect against oxidative damage and inflammation. To summarize the effects of BiB or BB consumption in parameters related to obesity and its comorbidities, a search of the literature was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library repositories to identify all studies that evaluated associations of whole BB or BiB with obesity and associated disorders. Thirty-one studies were eligible for inclusion in this review: eight clinical trials and 23 animal studies. In humans, BB consumption only consistently decreased oxidative stress and improved endothelial function. In rodents, BB or BiB consumption caused positive effects on glucose tolerance, nuclear factor-kappa B (Nf-κb) activity, oxidative stress, and triglyceride (TG) content in the liver and hepatic steatosis. The high content of anthocyanins present in BB and BiB seems to attenuate oxidative stress. The decrease in oxidative stress may have a positive impact on glucose tolerance and endothelial function. Moreover, in rodents, these berries seem to protect against hepatic steatosis, through the decreased accumulation of hepatic TGs. BB and BiB might also attenuate inflammation by decreasing Nf-κb activity and immune cell recruitment into the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Souza de Oliveira
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Mateus Pellenz
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Marmontel de Souza
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Behind the Scenes of Anthocyanins-From the Health Benefits to Potential Applications in Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Fields. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235133. [PMID: 36501163 PMCID: PMC9738495 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are widespread and biologically active water-soluble phenolic pigments responsible for a wide range of vivid colours, from red (acidic conditions) to purplish blue (basic conditions), present in fruits, vegetables, and coloured grains. The pigments' stability and colours are influenced mainly by pH but also by structure, temperature, and light. The colour-stabilizing mechanisms of plants are determined by inter- and intramolecular co-pigmentation and metal complexation, driven by van der Waals, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and metal-ligand interactions. This group of flavonoids is well-known to have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which explains the biological effects associated with them. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the role of anthocyanins as natural colorants, showing they are less harmful than conventional colorants, with several technological potential applications in different industrial fields, namely in the textile and food industries, as well as in the development of photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells, as new photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, pharmaceuticals, and in the cosmetic industry, mainly on the formulation of skin care formulations, sunscreen filters, nail colorants, skin & hair cleansing products, amongst others. In addition, we will unveil some of the latest studies about the health benefits of anthocyanins, mainly focusing on the protection against the most prevalent human diseases mediated by oxidative stress, namely cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. The contribution of anthocyanins to visual health is also very relevant and will be briefly explored.
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Ghalandari H, Askarpour M, Setayesh L, Ghaedi E. Effect of plum supplementation on blood pressure, weight indices, and C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:285-295. [PMID: 36513468 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome and its components are major health concerns around the world. Among various factors, overweight/obesity, its consequent inflammation, and hypertension are of special importance. Plums are anti-oxidant-rich fruits which have long been investigated for their health benefits. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the possible impact of plum supplementation on obesity, inflammation, and blood pressure. METHODS All of the major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science, Google Scholar and EMBASE) were searched to obtain the articles eligible for the review. Relevant data was extracted for the final analysis. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was obtained using fixed and random effect models. The main outcomes included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC) and blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Crude search provided 3121 articles, among which 11 were eligible to be included. After crude and subgroup analysis, we were unable to detect any significant impact of plum supplementation on body weight (weight mean difference (WMD) of 0.04 kg; 95% CI: -1.55, 1.63, p = 0.959), BMI (WMD 0.39 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.90, p = 0.125), body fat percentage (WMD = 0.59%; 95% CI: -0.41, 1.59, p = 0.249), waist circumference (WMD = 0.60 cm; 95% CI: -1.83, 3.04, p = 0.627), systolic blood pressure (WMD -1.24 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.08, 0.59, p = 0.185), diastolic blood pressure (WMD -4.32 mmHg (95% CI: -9.29, 0.65, p = 0.089), or inflammation indicated by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (WMD = 0.23 mg/l; 95% CI: -0.27, 0.73, p = 0.371). CONCLUSION Our results show that plum supplementation has no positive effect on factors of metabolic syndrome. We recommend that further research in the form of clinical trials be conducted to make a clear conclusion as of the effectiveness of plum supplementation on parameters of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ghalandari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Festa J, Singh H, Hussain A, Da Boit M. Elderberries as a potential supplement to improve vascular function in a SARS-CoV-2 environment. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14091. [PMID: 35118699 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although recent studies demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 possibly does not directly infect endothelial cells (EC), the endothelium may be affected as a secondary response due to the damage of neighboring cells, circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and/or other mechanisms. Long-term COVID-19 symptoms specifically nonrespiratory symptoms are due to the persistence of endothelial dysfunction (ED). Based on the literature, anthocyanins a major subgroup of flavonoid polyphenols found in berries, have been well researched for their vascular protective properties as well as the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related deaths. Elderberries have been previously used as a natural remedy for treating influenza, cold, and consequently cardiovascular health due to a high content of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) a major anthocyanin found in the human diet. The literature reported many studies demonstrating that EE has both antiviral and vascular protective properties that should be further investigated as a nutritional component used against the (in)direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 in vascular function. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: While previous work among the literature looks promising and builds a suggestion for investigating elderberry extract (EE) against COVID-19, further in vitro and in vivo research is required to fully evaluate EE mechanisms of action and its use as a supplement to aid current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Festa
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Harprit Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Aamir Hussain
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4570-4583. [PMID: 36286028 PMCID: PMC9601269 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. The anti-inflammatory properties of berries have been investigated but the anti-inflammatory activity of bilberry has received little attention and a detailed review is yet to be published. Therefore, we compiled information on the phytochemicals of bilberry and preclinical and clinical studies of its anti-inflammatory properties. The review was based on studies from 2007 to date. Phytoconstituents of bilberries were phenolic acids, organic acids, anthocyanins, coumarins, flavonols, flavanols, tannins, terpenoids, and volatile chemicals. Data from cell and animal model studies show that bilberry has an anti-inflammatory effect by lowering tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β expression, inducing nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenases, and altering the nuclear factor kappa B and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. Bilberry supplementation as fruits (frozen, processed, and whole), juices, and anthocyanins reduced levels of inflammatory markers in most clinical studies of metabolic disorders. Therefore, bilberry may be useful for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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28
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Health benefits of functional plant polysaccharides in metabolic syndrome: An overview. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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29
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Dong Y, Wu X, Han L, Bian J, He C, El-Omar E, Gong L, Wang M. The Potential Roles of Dietary Anthocyanins in Inhibiting Vascular Endothelial Cell Senescence and Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142836. [PMID: 35889793 PMCID: PMC9316990 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasingly more evidence has shown that the senescence of vascular endothelial cells is the key to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Anthocyanin is a type of water-soluble polyphenol pigment and secondary metabolite of plant-based food widely existing in fruits and vegetables. The gut microbiome is involved in the metabolism of anthocyanins and mediates the biological activities of anthocyanins and their metabolites, while anthocyanins also regulate the growth of specific bacteria in the microbiota and promote the proliferation of healthy anaerobic flora. Accumulating studies have shown that anthocyanins have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects. Many animal and in vitro experiments have also proven that anthocyanins have protective effects on cardiovascular-disease-related dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin in eliminating aging endothelial cells and preventing cardiovascular diseases is very complex and is not fully understood. In this systematic review, we summarize the metabolism and activities of anthocyanins, as well as their effects on scavenging senescent cells and cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (L.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Xue Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (L.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (L.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Ji Bian
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Caian He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (L.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Emad El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (L.H.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.W.)
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Consumption of oils and anthocyanins may positively modulate PPAR-γ expression in chronic non-communicable diseases: a systematic review. Nutr Res 2022; 105:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Red Rice Bran Extract Ameliorate Type I Interferon Production via STING Pathway. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111622. [PMID: 35681372 PMCID: PMC9180078 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs-I) are inflammatory cytokines that play an essential role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Signaling through nucleic acid sensors causes the production of IFNs-I. A stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a DNA sensor that signals transduction, leading to the production of IFNs-I after their activation. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of red rice bran extract (RRBE) on macrophages through the activation of STING signaling. RAW264.7 macrophage cells were stimulated with STING agonist (DMXAA) with and without RRBE. Cells and supernatant were collected. The level of mRNA expression was determined by qPCR, and inflammatory cytokine production was investigated by ELISA. The results indicate that RRBE significantly lowers the transcription of STING and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Moreover, RRBE suppresses the phosphorylation of STING, leading to a decrease in the expression of Irf3, a transcription factor that initiates IFN-I signaling. Our results provide evidence that red rice bran extract may be a protective compound for inflammatory diseases by targeting STING signaling.
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Cremonini E, Daveri E, Iglesias DE, Kang J, Wang Z, Gray R, Mastaloudis A, Kay CD, Hester SN, Wood SM, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. A randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study on the effects of anthocyanins on inflammatory and metabolic responses to a high-fat meal in healthy subjects. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102273. [PMID: 35255426 PMCID: PMC8902616 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of supplementation with a cyanidin- and delphinidin-rich extract (CDRE) on the postprandial dysmetabolism, inflammation, and redox and insulin signaling, triggered by the consumption of a high fat meal (HFM) in healthy individuals. Participants (n = 25) consumed a 1026-kcal HFM simultaneously with either the CDRE providing 320.4 mg of anthocyanins (90% cyanidin and delphinidin) or placebo. Diets were randomly assigned in a double blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. Blood was collected prior to (fasted, time 0), and for 5 h after meal consumption; plasma, serum, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated. AC metabolites were detected in serum as early as 30 min after CDRE consumption. The CDRE mitigated HFM-induced endotoxemia, reducing increases in plasma LPS and LPS-binding protein. The CDRE also reduced other events associated with HFM-triggered postprandial dysmetabolism including: i) plasma glucose and triglyceride increases; ii) TNFα and NOX4 upregulation in PBMC; and iii) JNK1/2 activation in PBMC. The CDRE did not significantly affect HFM-mediated increases in plasma insulin, GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP, and LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, and IKK phosphorylation in PBMC. In summary, dietary AC, i.e. cyanidin and delphinidin, exerted beneficial actions against unhealthy diets by modulating the associated postprandial dysmetabolism, endotoxemia, alterations of glycemia and lipidemia, and redox and insulin signaling.
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Adipocyte Biology from the Perspective of In Vivo Research: Review of Key Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010322. [PMID: 35008748 PMCID: PMC8745732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both significant contributors to the contemporary pandemic of non-communicable diseases. Both disorders are interconnected and associated with the disruption of normal homeostasis in adipose tissue. Consequently, exploring adipose tissue differentiation and homeostasis is important for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders. The aim of this work is to review the consecutive steps in the postnatal development of adipocytes, with a special emphasis on in vivo studies. We gave particular attention to well-known transcription factors that had been thoroughly described in vitro, and showed that the in vivo research of adipogenic differentiation can lead to surprising findings.
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Hao X, Guan R, Huang H, Yang K, Wang L, Wu Y. Anti-inflammatory activity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside liposomes in THP-1 macrophages. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6480-6491. [PMID: 34925779 PMCID: PMC8645709 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a kind of water-soluble pigment widely existing in many plants. It has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, C3G cannot exist stably for a long time because of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in its structure. Liposome technology could improve the stability and bioavailability of compounds. Based on our previous studies, C3G liposomes prepared by ethanol injection method have a certain stability in two weeks of storage. In this study, THP-1 macrophages treated with C3G and C3G liposomes can reduce the levels of inflammatory-related factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Further studies showed that the LPS induction could increase the level of phosphorylated nuclear transcription factor NF-κB and phosphorylated IkBa, while C3G and C3G liposomes could inhibit the expression of phosphorylated proteins. Moreover, C3G and C3G liposomes could protect macrophages from apoptosis. In conclusion, C3G prepared by liposome technology exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, which provides a theoretical basis for the food industry to study functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Hao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and QuarantineChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Rongfa Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and QuarantineChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhouChina
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Haizhi Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and QuarantineChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Yuanfeng Wu
- School of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouChina
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Dini I. Bio Discarded from Waste to Resource. Foods 2021; 10:2652. [PMID: 34828933 PMCID: PMC8621767 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern linear agricultural production system allows the production of large quantities of food for an ever-growing population. However, it leads to large quantities of agricultural waste either being disposed of or treated for the purpose of reintroduction into the production chain with a new use. Various approaches in food waste management were explored to achieve social benefits and applications. The extraction of natural bioactive molecules (such as fibers and antioxidants) through innovative technologies represents a means of obtaining value-added products and an excellent measure to reduce the environmental impact. Cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries can use natural bioactive molecules as supplements and the food industry as feed and food additives. The bioactivities of phytochemicals contained in biowaste, their potential economic impact, and analytical procedures that allow their recovery are summarized in this study. Our results showed that although the recovery of bioactive molecules represents a sustainable means of achieving both waste reduction and resource utilization, further research is needed to optimize the valuable process for industrial-scale recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Anthocyanin Extract from Purple Sweet Potato Exacerbate Mitophagy to Ameliorate Pyroptosis in Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111422. [PMID: 34768852 PMCID: PMC8583717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the rise of morbidity and mortality caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), the increasing number of strains resistant to antibiotics, and the emergence of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumonia, treatment of KP infection becomes difficult; thus, novel drugs are necessary for treatment. Anthocyanins, or natural flavonoids, have an extensive effect against bacterial infection. However, few studies on anti-KP are identified. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPAs) on KP, containing 98.7% delphinidin 3-sambubioside. Results showed that KP-infected mice after PSPAs treatment manifested decreased mortality, weakened lung injury, dampened inflammatory responses, and reduced bacterial systemic dissemination in vivo. In Vitro, PSPAs significantly suppressed pyroptosis and restricted NLRP3 inflammasome activation in alveolar macrophages infected with KP. As for the mechanism, PSPAs promote mitophagy by recruiting Parkin to the mitochondria. PSPAs-conferred mitophagy increased mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial DNA, resulting in impaired NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, the promotion of mitophagy by PSPAs required the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings suggest that PSPAs are a potential option for the treatment of KP infection.
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An Insight into Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Inflammation Related Diseases of Anthocyanins: A Review of Both In Vivo and In Vitro Investigations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011076. [PMID: 34681733 PMCID: PMC8540239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin is a type of flavonoid pigment widely present in fruits and vegetables. It can not only be used as natural pigment, but also has a variety of health functions, for instance, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective activities. Persistent proinflammatory status is a major factor in the development, progression, and complications of chronic diseases. Not surprisingly, there are thus many food ingredients that can potentially affect inflammation related diseases and many studies have shown that anthocyanins play an important role in inflammatory pathways. In this paper, the inflammation related diseases (such as, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer) of anthocyanins are introduced, and the anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanins is emphatically introduced. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of anthocyanins is elaborated from the aspects of NF-κB, toll like receptor, MAPKs, NO, and ROS and the main efficacy of anthocyanins in inflammation and related diseases is determined. In conclusion, this review aims to get a clear insight into the role of anthocyanins in inflammation related diseases.
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Ockermann P, Headley L, Lizio R, Hansmann J. A Review of the Properties of Anthocyanins and Their Influence on Factors Affecting Cardiometabolic and Cognitive Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082831. [PMID: 34444991 PMCID: PMC8399873 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases has increased over the last decades and is an important cause of death worldwide. An upcoming ingredient on the nutraceutical market are anthocyanins, a flavonoid subgroup, abundant mostly in berries and fruits. Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between anthocyanin intake and improved cardiovascular risk, type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarct. Clinical studies using anthocyanins have shown a significant decrease in inflammation markers and oxidative stress, a beneficial effect on vascular function and hyperlipidemia by decreasing low-density lipoprotein and increasing high-density lipoprotein. They have also shown a potential effect on glucose homeostasis and cognitive decline. This review summarizes the effects of anthocyanins in in-vitro, animal and human studies to give an overview of their application in medical prevention or as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ockermann
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Jan Hansmann
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany;
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Development of mode of action networks related to the potential role of PPARγ in respiratory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105821. [PMID: 34403731 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key transcription factor, operating at the intercept of metabolic control and immunomodulation. It is ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues and organs, including lungs. There is a growing body of information supporting the role of PPARγ signalling in respiratory diseases. The aim of the present study was to develop mode of action (MoA) networks reflecting the relationships between PPARγ signalling and the progression/alleviation of a spectrum of lung pathologies. Data mining was performed using the resources of the NIH PubMed and PubChem information systems. By linking available data on pathological/therapeutic effects of PPARγ modulation, knowledge-based MoA networking at different levels of biological organization (molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system) was performed. Multiple MoA networks were developed to relate PPARγ modulation to the progress or the alleviation of pulmonary disorders, triggered by diverse pathogenic, genetic, chemical, or mechanical factors. Pharmacological targeting of PPARγ signalling was discussed with regard to ligand- and cell type-specific effects in the context of distinct disease inductor- and disease stage-dependent patterns. The proposed MoA networking analysis allows for a better understanding of the potential role of PPARγ modulation in lung pathologies. It presents a mechanistically justified basis for further computational, experimental, and clinical monitoring studies on the dynamic control of PPARγ signalling in respiratory diseases.
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Purple Corn Anthocyanin Affects Lipid Mechanism, Flavor Compound Profiles, and Related Gene Expression of Longissimus Thoracis et Lumborum Muscle in Goats. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082407. [PMID: 34438864 PMCID: PMC8388639 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural flavor compounds can stimulate people’s senses of smell and taste; as indicators of food sensory quality, such compounds influence the acceptance by consumers. In addition, natural antioxidants are becoming popular among consumers because they are safe and have no adverse side effects. Purple corn anthocyanins are polyphenolic compounds with natural antioxidant properties that exist widely in nature. Research has shown that anthocyanins can provide extra electrons to the free radicals, preventing lipid oxidation and improving muscle volatile components. However, no information is available concerning the effect of feeding anthocyanin on goat meat volatile compounds. This was the first study to investigate the effects of dietary anthocyanins from purple corn supplementation on lipid mechanism, body composition, volatile compound profiles, and related gene expression in the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle of goats. The current study indicates that the consumption of purple corn anthocyanin by growing goats improves mutton flavor by decreasing plasma lipid metabolism parameters and by modulating the abundance of several flavor-related genes in the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle. The results will help to understand the mechanism of action of anthocyanins on the flavor compounds, providing the rationale for anthocyanins regulating mutton flavor through related signaling pathways of ruminants in future studies. Abstract The current study aimed to investigate the effect of anthocyanins on muscle flavor compound profiles in goats. Goats in three groups were fed a basic diet or a diet supplemented with 0.5 g/d or 1 g/d anthocyanin-rich purple corn pigment (PCP). Compared to the control group, plasma total cholesterol was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the anthocyanin groups. The feeding of anthocyanin increased (p < 0.05) flavor compound types and total alcohol level, whereas it decreased (p < 0.05) total hydrocarbons, aromatics, esters, and miscellaneous compounds in the longissimusthoracis et lumborum muscle (LTL). Adding PCP to the diet enriched (p < 0.05) vegetal, herbaceous, grease, and fruity flavors compared to the control group. The 0.5 g/d PCP group had increased (p < 0.05) abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, but there was a decreased (p < 0.05) level of lipoprotein lipase in LTL. Collectively, this study indicated that anthocyanin can improve mutton flavor by decreasing plasma lipid parameters and by modulating the abundance of several flavor-related genes of goats.
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Chen G, Li Y, Liang S, Xiao J, Duan X, Zhou Y, Zeng Y, Sun F, Shrestha S, Zhang Z. Associations of dietary anthocyanidins intake with body composition in Chinese children: a cross-sectional study. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:4428. [PMID: 34393697 PMCID: PMC8344405 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous animal and in vitro studies indicated that anthocyanidins might contribute to the prevention of obesity, while epidemiological evidences were scarce and had not been conducted in children. Objective We explored the associations between anthocyanidins and body composition in children. Design A cross-sectional study involving 452 children aged 6–9 years in Guangzhou, China, was carried out. Dietary information was collected using a 79-items food frequency questionnaire. Fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and fat mass percentage (FMP) at multi-sites (whole body, trunk, limbs, android area, and gynoid area) were measured using a dual-energy X-ray scan. Abdominal obesity was defined as an age- and sex-specific abdominal FM ≥ 85th percentile. Handgrip strength was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Results After adjusted for several potential covariates, higher dietary intake of anthocyanidin (per one standard deviation increase) was associated with a 0.013–0.223 kg increase of LM, a 0.024–0.134 kg decrease of FM, and a 0.63–0.76% decrease of FMP at multi-sites (P < 0.05). Results were similar and more pronounced for delphinidin and cyanidin, but less significant for peonidin. Higher dietary anthocyanidin intake (per standard deviation increase) was associated with a 41.0% (OR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.37, 0.94) decreased risk of abdominal obesity. However, no significant associations were observed between anthocyanidin and handgrip strengths. Conclusions Higher dietary intake of anthocyanidin and its components tended to be associated with better body composition, but not handgrip strength, in Chinese children at early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengdong Chen
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujun Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Duan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Zeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanyiwen Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiksha Shrestha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheqing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhong S, Zhou Z, Lin X, Liu F, Liu C, Liu Z, Deng W, Zhang X, Chang H, Zhao C. Ketogenic diet prevents paclitaxel-induced neuropathic nociception through activation of PPARγ signalling pathway and inhibition of neuroinflammation in rat dorsal root ganglion. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5341-5356. [PMID: 34318540 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect during the course of cancer treatment, which is mainly manifested as a series of sensory abnormalities. At present, there are no recommended prevention or treatment strategies, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The ketogenic diet (KD), a special diet that is high in fat and low in carbohydrate intake, shows good therapeutic potential in children with epilepsy. In this study, it was found that KD significantly prevented paclitaxel-induced neuropathic nociception. Using the GSE113941 database, 281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in an animal model of CIPN and controls. The DEGs were mainly enriched in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) and oxidative phosphorylation signalling pathways. As a main regulatory pathway of lipid metabolism, the PPARγ signalling pathway was significantly upregulated in the KD model. In addition, KD also inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in paclitaxel-treated rats. In vitro, rat primary DRG neurons were used to investigate the role of PPARγ in paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity. It was found that PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone significantly protected DRG neurons against cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation induced by paclitaxel administration. Therefore, KD is a prospective treatment option when applied as a dietary intervention in the prevention and treatment of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic nociception, possibly through the activation of PPARγ and its neuroprotective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhike Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangxi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhouyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyun Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiuchun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongtao Chang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Targeting Inflammation by Anthocyanins as the Novel Therapeutic Potential for Chronic Diseases: An Update. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144380. [PMID: 34299655 PMCID: PMC8304181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) and oxidative stress act as cooperative and synergistic partners in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Polyphenols, including anthocyanins, are involved in regulating the inflammatory state and activating the endogenous antioxidant defenses. Anthocyanins' effects on inflammatory markers are promising and may have the potential to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, translating these research findings into clinical practice would effectively contribute to the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. The present narrative review summarizes the results of clinical studies from the last 5 years in the context of the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative role of anthocyanins in both health and disease. There is evidence to indicate that anthocyanins supplementation in the regulation of pro-inflammatory markers among the healthy and chronic disease population. Although the inconsistencies between the result of randomized control trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses were also observed. Regarding anthocyanins' effects on inflammatory markers, there is a need for long-term clinical trials allowing for the quantifiable progression of inflammation. The present review can help clinicians and other health care professionals understand the importance of anthocyanins use in patients with chronic diseases.
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Danielewski M, Matuszewska A, Szeląg A, Sozański T. The Impact of Anthocyanins and Iridoids on Transcription Factors Crucial for Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6074. [PMID: 34199904 PMCID: PMC8200123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition determines our health, both directly and indirectly. Consumed foods affect the functioning of individual organs as well as entire systems, e.g., the cardiovascular system. There are many different diets, but universal guidelines for proper nutrition are provided in the WHO healthy eating pyramid. According to the latest version, plant products should form the basis of our diet. Many groups of plant compounds with a beneficial effect on human health have been described. Such groups include anthocyanins and iridoids, for which it has been proven that their consumption may lead to, inter alia, antioxidant, cholesterol and lipid-lowering, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. Transcription factors directly affect a number of parameters of cell functions and cellular metabolism. In the context of lipid and cholesterol metabolism, five particularly important transcription factors can be distinguished: liver X receptor (LXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). Both anthocyanins and iridoids may alter the expression of these transcription factors. The aim of this review is to collect and systematize knowledge about the impact of anthocyanins and iridoids on transcription factors crucial for lipid and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Danielewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.M.); (A.S.); (T.S.)
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Deng Z, Chen F, Liu Y, Wang J, Lu W, Jiang W, Zhu W. Losartan protects against osteoarthritis by repressing the TGF-β1 signaling pathway via upregulation of PPARγ. J Orthop Translat 2021; 29:30-41. [PMID: 34094856 PMCID: PMC8142050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Losartan and activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) have been previously reported to alleviate the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the nature of the interaction between losartan and PPARγ in OA remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of the regulation of PPARγ by losartan in the context of OA. Methods Clinical samples of OA patients were collected and the chondrocytes were further isolated, and used to construct OA chondrocyte model via induction with IL-1β. An OA mouse model was developed by the surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). OA chondrocytes were treated with losartan, PPARγ siRNA and the PPAR-γ agonist GW1929 alone or in combination. Furthermore, the OA mice were treated with varying doses of losartan to determine the best mode of administration and treatment dose. Subsequently, the DMM mice were treated with losartan and GW9662. Expression of PPARγ, key proteins of the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway and the markers of OA degeneration were evaluated by the Western blot analysis, while effects on OA inflammatory factors were determined by ELISA. Results The downregulation of PPARγ and the upregulation of TGF-β1 signaling pathway were detected in the OA cartilage tissues and chondrocytes. Losartan treatment or PPARγ activation contributes to reduced levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2, expression of TGF-β1, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, HtrA1, and iNOS, along with reduced Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation, but elevated PPARγ and Collagen II expression in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the intraarticular injection of losartan into the knee joint proved to be the best mode of administration, and 10 mg/mL being the optimal treatment concentration. Conclusion Our results show that losartan could arrest the progression of OA by upregulating PPARγ expression and inactivating the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. The translational potential of this article: Our results provide a biological rationale for the use of losartan as a potential candidate for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China.,Clinical Medical College of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China.,Clinical Medical College of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Bone and Joint Department, Shenzhen People's Hospital; The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China.,Clinical Medical College of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
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Arruda HS, Silva EK, Peixoto Araujo NM, Pereira GA, Pastore GM, Marostica Junior MR. Anthocyanins Recovered from Agri-Food By-Products Using Innovative Processes: Trends, Challenges, and Perspectives for Their Application in Food Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:2632. [PMID: 33946376 PMCID: PMC8125576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring phytochemicals that have attracted growing interest from consumers and the food industry due to their multiple biological properties and technological applications. Nevertheless, conventional extraction techniques based on thermal technologies can compromise both the recovery and stability of anthocyanins, reducing their global yield and/or limiting their application in food systems. The current review provides an overview of the main innovative processes (e.g., pulsed electric field, microwave, and ultrasound) used to recover anthocyanins from agri-food waste/by-products and the mechanisms involved in anthocyanin extraction and their impacts on the stability of these compounds. Moreover, trends and perspectives of anthocyanins' applications in food systems, such as antioxidants, natural colorants, preservatives, and active and smart packaging components, are addressed. Challenges behind anthocyanin implementation in food systems are displayed and potential solutions to overcome these drawbacks are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silvano Arruda
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil;
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (N.M.P.A.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Eric Keven Silva
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil;
| | - Nayara Macêdo Peixoto Araujo
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (N.M.P.A.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Gustavo Araujo Pereira
- School of Food Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street S/N, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (N.M.P.A.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Mario Roberto Marostica Junior
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil;
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Hanafy NAN. Starch based hydrogel NPs loaded by anthocyanins might treat glycogen storage at cardiomyopathy in animal fibrotic model. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:171-181. [PMID: 33901560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many reports have been published recently confirmed the limitation of cargo molecules delivered into the heart. This failure is mostly associated with lymphatic or vascular channels washing or to the immune system recognition. Delivery of anthocyanins by encapsulation may augment it retention in the heart at early time points as the capsules are too large to wash out by lymphatic or venous channels and the physical structure of the capsule may shield the anthocyanins from immunoglobulins and cellular components of the immune system. In the current study, the cardiac dysfunction was induced by using carbon tetrachloride and then animal were treated orally by using anthocyanins incorporated into hydrogel NPs twice time /week for 4 weeks. The results showed anthocyanin loaded hydrogel NPs has ability to re-maintain the glycogen content in the liver and heart tissues of fibrotic group (13 ± 1.4 and 5 ± 0.7 μmol glucose/g tissue). Additionally, MDA and hydroxyproline were significantly reduced. PAS stain showed depletion of glycogen granules from heart tissue. It is concluded that starch based hydrogel loaded by anthocyanins can improve histological cardiac functions after their injury .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemany A N Hanafy
- Nanomedicine group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
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Liu J, Jiang P, Iqbal A, Ali S, Gao Z, Pan Z, Xia L, Yin F, Zhao Z. MiR-485 targets the DTX4 gene to regulate milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7623. [PMID: 33828164 PMCID: PMC8027660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are mRNA suppressors that regulate a variety of cellular and physiological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, triglyceride synthesis, fat formation, and lipolysis, by post-transcriptional processing. In previous studies, we isolated and sequenced miRNAs from mammary epithelial cells from Chinese Holstein cows with high and low milk fat percentages. MiR-485 was one of the significantly differentially expressed miRNAs that were identified. In the present study, the relationship between the candidate target gene DTX4 and miR-485 was validated by bioinformatics and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) analyses in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). The results indicated that miR-485 negatively regulated the mRNA expression of the target gene DTX4. Furthermore, an shRNA interference vector for the target gene DTX4 was constructed successfully, and it increased the triglyceride content and reduced the cholesterol content of transfected cells. These results suggest that miR-485 may affect the contents of triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol (CHOL) by targeting the DTX4 gene. This study indicates that miR-485 has a role in regulating milk fat synthesis and that miR-485 targets the DTX4 gene to regulate lipid metabolism in bMECs. These findings contribute to the understanding of the functional significance of miR-485 in milk fat synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Jiang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ambreen Iqbal
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaokat Ali
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Pan
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Xia
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Xi An Road 5333, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuquan Yin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Extraction, Identification, and Health Benefits of Anthocyanins in Blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L.). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of the blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is round-shaped, dark purple, bittersweet, and seed-containing edible berries. The blackcurrant has been used as a traditional medicine in both Asia and European countries. It is known as a rich source of antioxidants, largely due to its high content of phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. Studies on anthocyanins from blackcurrants have adopted different extraction methods and a panel of anthocyanins has been identified in them. Research on the health benefits of blackcurrant anthocyanins has also grown. To present a general overview of research in blackcurrant anthocyanins, this review focuses on the extraction methods of anthocyanins from blackcurrants and the molecular mechanisms underlying their health benefits.
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Mohammadi E, Behnam B, Mohammadinejad R, Guest PC, Simental-Mendía LE, Sahebkar A. Antidiabetic Properties of Curcumin: Insights on New Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1291:151-164. [PMID: 34331689 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56153-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant extracts have been used to treat a wide range of human diseases. Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenol derived from Curcuma longa L., exhibits therapeutic effects against diabetes while only negligible adverse effects have been observed. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin are the main and well-recognized pharmacological effects that might explain its antidiabetic effects. Additionally, curcumin may regulate novel signaling molecules and enzymes involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes, including glucagon-like peptide-1, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, glucose transporters, alpha-glycosidase, alpha-amylase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Recent findings from in vitro and in vivo studies on novel signaling pathways involved in the potential beneficial effects of curcumin for the treatment of diabetes are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Behzad Behnam
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland. .,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
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