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Mizutani M, Kuroda S, Oku M, Aoki W, Masuya T, Miyoshi H, Murai M. Identification of proteins involved in intracellular ubiquinone trafficking in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using artificial ubiquinone probe. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149147. [PMID: 38906315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquinone (UQ) is an essential player in the respiratory electron transfer system. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains lacking the ability to synthesize UQ6, exogenously supplied UQs can be taken up and delivered to mitochondria through an unknown mechanism, restoring the growth of UQ6-deficient yeast in non-fermentable medium. Since elucidating the mechanism responsible may markedly contribute to therapeutic strategies for patients with UQ deficiency, many attempts have been made to identify the machinery involved in UQ trafficking in the yeast model. However, definite experimental evidence of the direct interaction of UQ with a specific protein(s) has not yet been demonstrated. To gain insight into intracellular UQ trafficking via a chemistry-based strategy, we synthesized a hydrophobic UQ probe (pUQ5), which has a photoreactive diazirine group attached to a five-unit isoprenyl chain and a terminal alkyne to visualize and/or capture the labeled proteins via click chemistry. pUQ5 successfully restored the growth of UQ6-deficient S. cerevisiae (Δcoq2) on a non-fermentable carbon source, indicating that this UQ was taken up and delivered to mitochondria, and served as a UQ substrate of respiratory enzymes. Through photoaffinity labeling of the mitochondria isolated from Δcoq2 yeast cells cultured in the presence of pUQ5, we identified many labeled proteins, including voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (Cox3). The physiological relevance of UQ binding to these proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirai Mizutani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seina Kuroda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Oku
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuya
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyoshi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Murai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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2
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Wang Y, Lilienfeldt N, Hekimi S. Understanding coenzyme Q. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1533-1610. [PMID: 38722242 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone, comprises a benzoquinone head group and a long isoprenoid side chain. It is thus extremely hydrophobic and resides in membranes. It is best known for its complex function as an electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) but is also required for several other crucial cellular processes. In fact, CoQ appears to be central to the entire redox balance of the cell. Remarkably, its structure and therefore its properties have not changed from bacteria to vertebrates. In metazoans, it is synthesized in all cells and is found in most, and maybe all, biological membranes. CoQ is also known as a nutritional supplement, mostly because of its involvement with antioxidant defenses. However, whether there is any health benefit from oral consumption of CoQ is not well established. Here we review the function of CoQ as a redox-active molecule in the ETC and other enzymatic systems, its role as a prooxidant in reactive oxygen species generation, and its separate involvement in antioxidant mechanisms. We also review CoQ biosynthesis, which is particularly complex because of its extreme hydrophobicity, as well as the biological consequences of primary and secondary CoQ deficiency, including in human patients. Primary CoQ deficiency is a rare inborn condition due to mutation in CoQ biosynthetic genes. Secondary CoQ deficiency is much more common, as it accompanies a variety of pathological conditions, including mitochondrial disorders as well as aging. In this context, we discuss the importance, but also the great difficulty, of alleviating CoQ deficiency by CoQ supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noah Lilienfeldt
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Díaz-Casado ME, González-García P, López-Herrador S, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Barriocanal-Casado E, Bakkali M, van de Lest CHA, Corral-Sarasa J, Zaal EA, Berkers CR, López LC. Oral β-RA induces metabolic rewiring leading to the rescue of diet-induced obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167283. [PMID: 38851305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Obesity represents a significant health challenge, intricately linked to conditions such as type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hepatic steatosis. Several existing obesity treatments exhibit limited efficacy, undesirable side effects or a limited capability to maintain therapeutics effects in the long-term. Recently, modulation Coenzyme Q (CoQ) metabolism has emerged as a promising target for treatment of metabolic syndrome. This potential intervention could involve the modulation of endogenous CoQ biosynthesis by the use of analogs of the precursor of its biosynthesis, such as β-resorcylic acid (β-RA). Here, we show that oral supplementation with β-RA, incorporated into the diet of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, leads to substantial weight loss. The anti-obesity effects of β-RA are partially elucidated through the normalization of mitochondrial CoQ metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT). Additionally, we identify an HFN4α/LXR-dependent transcriptomic activation of the hepatic lipid metabolism that contributes to the anti-obesity effects of β-RA. Consequently, β-RA mitigates WAT hypertrophy, prevents hepatic steatosis, counteracts metabolic abnormalities in WAT and liver, and enhances glucose homeostasis by reducing the insulin/glucagon ratio and plasma levels of gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). Moreover, pharmacokinetic evaluation of β-RA supports its translational potential. Thus, β-RA emerges as an efficient, safe, and translatable therapeutic option for the treatment and/or prevention of obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Mohammed Bakkali
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Chris H A van de Lest
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Esther A Zaal
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luis C López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
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4
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Iglesias-Romero AB, Kaminska K, Quinodoz M, Folcher M, Lin S, Arno G, Calado J, Webster AR, Moulin A, Sousa AB, Coutinho-Santos L, Santos C, Rivolta C. Bi-allelic variants in COQ8B, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10, lead to non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. Am J Hum Genet 2024:S0002-9297(24)00291-X. [PMID: 39226897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a Mendelian disease characterized by gradual loss of vision, due to the progressive degeneration of retinal cells. Genetically, it is highly heterogeneous, with pathogenic variants identified in more than 100 genes so far. Following a large-scale sequencing screening, we identified five individuals (four families) with recessive and non-syndromic RP, carrying as well bi-allelic DNA changes in COQ8B, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10. Specifically, we detected compound heterozygous assortments of five disease-causing variants (c.187C>T [p.Arg63Trp], c.566G>A [p.Trp189Ter], c.1156G>A [p.Asp386Asn], c.1324G>A [p.Val442Met], and c.1560G>A [p.Trp520Ter]), all segregating with disease according to a recessive pattern of inheritance. Cell-based analysis of recombinant proteins deriving from these genotypes, performed by target engagement assays, showed in all cases a significant decrease in ligand-protein interaction compared to the wild type. Our results indicate that variants in COQ8B lead to recessive non-syndromic RP, possibly by impairing the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10, a key component of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Iglesias-Romero
- Ophthalmic Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karolina Kaminska
- Ophthalmic Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Ophthalmic Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Marc Folcher
- Ophthalmic Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Siying Lin
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Gavin Arno
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Joaquim Calado
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrew R Webster
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Alexandre Moulin
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Berta Sousa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte EPE, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratory of Basic Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Cristina Santos
- Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr. Gama Pinto, 1150-255 Lisboa, Portugal; iNOVA4Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa NOVA Medical School, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Ophthalmic Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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5
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Čunátová K, Fernández-Vizarra E. Pathological variants in nuclear genes causing mitochondrial complex III deficiency: An update. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 39053894 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are a group of clinically and biochemically heterogeneous genetic diseases within the group of inborn errors of metabolism. Primary mitochondrial diseases are mainly caused by defects in one or several components of the oxidative phosphorylation system (complexes I-V). Within these disorders, those associated with complex III deficiencies are the least common. However, thanks to a deeper knowledge about complex III biogenesis, improved clinical diagnosis and the implementation of next-generation sequencing techniques, the number of pathological variants identified in nuclear genes causing complex III deficiency has expanded significantly. This updated review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the genetic basis of complex III deficiency, and the main clinical features associated with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Čunátová
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Fernández-Vizarra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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6
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Değerliyurt A, Gülleroğlu NB, Kibar Gül AE. Primary CoQ 10 deficiency with a severe phenotype due to the c.901 C > T (p.R301W) mutation in the COQ8A gene. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:148-152. [PMID: 35757998 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2095269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A patient with primary CoQ10 deficiency associated with the c.901 C > T (p.R301W) (rs140246430) homozygous missense pathogenic variant in the COQ8A gene, who presented with recurrent status epilepticus, stroke-like lesions, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy while being followed-up with early-onset autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia will be reported in this article. CASE REPORT A 16-year-old patient who was being followed up at an external center with a diagnosis of ataxia with cerebellar atrophy had been seen 3 different times within a year for status epilepticus. The cerebral MRI showed severe cerebellar atrophy, stroke like lesions, and an inverted double- lactate peak on spectroscopy. Her echocardiography revealed marked left ventricular hypertrophy. Mitochondrial cocktail therapy containing a standard dose of CoQ10 was started, considering mitochondrial disease. The patient died due to cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial panel analysis revealed the presence of the c.901 C > T (p.R301W) homozygous missense mutation in the COQ8A gene. CONCLUSIONS Primary Coenzyme Q10 deficiency should be considered in patients presenting with autosomal recessive stable-appearing progressive ataxia, emerging attacks of status epilepticus, stroke-like lesions on neuroimaging, and cardiomyopathy. Since there is a case with the same mutation with a similar fatal course in the literature, detection of c.901 C > T (p.R301W) mutation homozygously should be a warning for a severe prognosis and more aggressive treatment should be started without delay with a high dose of CoQ10 instead of the lower doses used in the treatment of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Değerliyurt
- Deparment of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Corral-Sarasa J, Martínez-Gálvez JM, González-García P, Wendling O, Jiménez-Sánchez L, López-Herrador S, Quinzii CM, Díaz-Casado ME, López LC. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid rescues multisystemic disease and perinatal lethality in a mouse model of mitochondrial disease. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114148. [PMID: 38697100 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency syndrome is conventionally treated with limited efficacy using exogenous CoQ10. Poor outcomes result from low absorption and bioavailability of CoQ10 and the clinical heterogenicity of the disease. Here, we demonstrate that supplementation with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HB), the precursor of the benzoquinone ring in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway, completely rescues multisystemic disease and perinatal lethality in a mouse model of CoQ deficiency. 4HB stimulates endogenous CoQ biosynthesis in tissues of Coq2 mutant mice, normalizing mitochondrial function and rescuing cardiac insufficiency, edema, and neurodevelopmental delay. In contrast, exogenous CoQ10 supplementation falls short in fully restoring the phenotype. The treatment is translatable to human use, as proven by in vitro studies in skin fibroblasts from patients with pathogenic variants in COQ2. The therapeutic approach extends to other disorders characterized by deficiencies in the production of 4HB and early steps of CoQ biosynthesis and instances of secondary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Corral-Sarasa
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Martínez-Gálvez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UBV-EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Pilar González-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Olivia Wendling
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | | | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C López
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
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8
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Vargas-Pérez MDLÁ, Devos DP, López-Lluch G. An AlphaFold Structure Analysis of COQ2 as Key a Component of the Coenzyme Q Synthesis Complex. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:496. [PMID: 38671943 PMCID: PMC11047366 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a lipidic compound that is widely distributed in nature, with crucial functions in metabolism, protection against oxidative damage and ferroptosis and other processes. CoQ biosynthesis is a conserved and complex pathway involving several proteins. COQ2 is a member of the UbiA family of transmembrane prenyltransferases that catalyzes the condensation of the head and tail precursors of CoQ, which is a key step in the process, because its product is the first intermediate that will be modified in the head by the next components of the synthesis process. Mutations in this protein have been linked to primary CoQ deficiency in humans, a rare disease predominantly affecting organs with a high energy demand. The reaction catalyzed by COQ2 and its mechanism are still unknown. Here, we aimed at clarifying the COQ2 reaction by exploring possible substrate binding sites using a strategy based on homology, comprising the identification of available ligand-bound homologs with solved structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and their subsequent structural superposition in the AlphaFold predicted model for COQ2. The results highlight some residues located on the central cavity or the matrix loops that may be involved in substrate interaction, some of which are mutated in primary CoQ deficiency patients. Furthermore, we analyze the structural modifications introduced by the pathogenic mutations found in humans. These findings shed new light on the understanding of COQ2's function and, thus, CoQ's biosynthesis and the pathogenicity of primary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de los Ángeles Vargas-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Damien Paul Devos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
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9
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Lopriore P, Vista M, Tessa A, Giuntini M, Caldarazzo Ienco E, Mancuso M, Siciliano G, Santorelli FM, Orsucci D. Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-Related Ataxias. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2391. [PMID: 38673663 PMCID: PMC11050807 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a neurological syndrome characterized by the imbalance (e.g., truncal ataxia, gait ataxia) and incoordination of limbs while executing a task (dysmetria), caused by the dysfunction of the cerebellum or its connections. It is frequently associated with other signs of cerebellar dysfunction, including abnormal eye movements, dysmetria, kinetic tremor, dysarthria, and/or dysphagia. Among the so-termed mitochondrial ataxias, variants in genes encoding steps of the coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic pathway represent a common cause of autosomal recessive primary coenzyme Q10 deficiencies (PCoQD)s. PCoQD is a potentially treatable condition; therefore, a correct and timely diagnosis is essential. After a brief presentation of the illustrative case of an Italian woman with this condition (due to a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in COQ8A), this article will review ataxias due to PCoQD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piervito Lopriore
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Marco Vista
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
| | - Alessandra Tessa
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.T.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Martina Giuntini
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
| | - Elena Caldarazzo Ienco
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Daniele Orsucci
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
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10
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Sonuç Kartal G, Koç Yekedüz M, Köse E, Eminoğlu FT. Two Turkish patients with Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7: case report and literature review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:260-270. [PMID: 38353291 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7 (OMIM 616276) results from bi-allelic pathogenic variants in the COQ4 gene. Common clinical findings include hypotonia, seizures, respiratory distress, and cardiomyopathy. In this report, we present two patients diagnosed with Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7 along with a review of previously published cases, with the aim being to provide a better understanding of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease. CASE PRESENTATION A 3-month-and-22-day-old male was admitted to our outpatient clinic due to poor feeding and restlessness. He was born following an uneventful pregnancy to a nonconsanguineous marriage. A physical examination revealed hypotonia, a dolichocephaly, periorbital edema, and long eyelashes. Blood tests revealed metabolic acidosis and elevated serum lactate levels, while the genetic analysis revealed a variant previously reported as pathogenic, c.437T>G (p.Phe146Cys), in the COQ4 gene. Genetic tests were also conducted on both mother and father, and it revealed heterozygous variant, 0.437T>G (p.Phe146Cys), in the COQ4 gene. As a result of these findings, the patient was diagnosed with neonatal encephalomyopathy-cardiomyopathy-respiratory distress syndrome (Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7). A 1-year-old male was admitted to our clinic with complaints of hypotonia, seizures, and feeding difficulties. He was born following an uneventful pregnancy to a nonconsanguineous marriage. On his first day of life, he was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit due to poor feeding and hypotonia. A physical examination revealed microcephaly, a high palate, poor feeding, weak crying, hypotonia, bilateral horizontal nystagmus, and inability to maintain eye contact. Laboratory findings were within normal limits, while a whole exome sequencing analysis revealed a homozygous variant previously reported as pathogenic, c.458C>T (p.A153V), in the COQ4 gene. The patient was diagnosed with Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7. CONCLUSIONS Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants presenting with neurological and dysmorphic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merve Koç Yekedüz
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Engin Köse
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Tuba Eminoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
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11
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Pelosi L, Morbiato L, Burgardt A, Tonello F, Bartlett AK, Guerra RM, Ferizhendi KK, Desbats MA, Rascalou B, Marchi M, Vázquez-Fonseca L, Agosto C, Zanotti G, Roger-Margueritat M, Alcázar-Fabra M, García-Corzo L, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Navas P, Brea-Calvo G, Trevisson E, Wendisch VF, Pagliarini DJ, Salviati L, Pierrel F. COQ4 is required for the oxidative decarboxylation of the C1 carbon of coenzyme Q in eukaryotic cells. Mol Cell 2024; 84:981-989.e7. [PMID: 38295803 PMCID: PMC7616408 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox lipid that fulfills critical functions in cellular bioenergetics and homeostasis. CoQ is synthesized by a multi-step pathway that involves several COQ proteins. Two steps of the eukaryotic pathway, the decarboxylation and hydroxylation of position C1, have remained uncharacterized. Here, we provide evidence that these two reactions occur in a single oxidative decarboxylation step catalyzed by COQ4. We demonstrate that COQ4 complements an Escherichia coli strain deficient for C1 decarboxylation and hydroxylation and that COQ4 displays oxidative decarboxylation activity in the non-CoQ producer Corynebacterium glutamicum. Overall, our results substantiate that COQ4 contributes to CoQ biosynthesis, not only via its previously proposed structural role but also via the oxidative decarboxylation of CoQ precursors. These findings fill a major gap in the knowledge of eukaryotic CoQ biosynthesis and shed light on the pathophysiology of human primary CoQ deficiency due to COQ4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Pelosi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Morbiato
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Arthur Burgardt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Abigail K Bartlett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel M Guerra
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Bérengère Rascalou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Marchi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Luis Vázquez-Fonseca
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Agosto
- Pediatric Pain and Palliative Care Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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12
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He X, Chen H, Liao M, Zhao X, Zhang D, Jiang M, Jiang Z. The role of CoQ10 in embryonic development. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:767-779. [PMID: 38372883 PMCID: PMC10957822 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a natural component widely present in the inner membrane of mitochondria. CoQ10 functions as a key cofactor for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and exhibits antioxidant properties in vivo. Mitochondria, as the energy supply center of cells, play a crucial role in germ cell maturation and embryonic development, a complicated process of cell division and cellular differentiation that transforms from a single cell (zygote) to a multicellular organism (fetus). Here, we discuss the effects of CoQ10 on oocyte maturation and the important role of CoQ10 in the growth of various organs during different stages of fetal development. These allowed us to gain a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of embryonic development and the potential role of CoQ10 in improving fertility quality. They also provide a reference for further developing its application in clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueke He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Minjun Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhao
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Group On the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Miao Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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13
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Balmaceda V, Komlódi T, Szibor M, Gnaiger E, Moore AL, Fernandez-Vizarra E, Viscomi C. The striking differences in the bioenergetics of brain and liver mitochondria are enhanced in mitochondrial disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167033. [PMID: 38280294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are hallmarked by the dysfunction of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) yet are highly heterogeneous at the clinical and genetic levels. Striking tissue-specific pathological manifestations are a poorly understood feature of these conditions, even if the disease-causing genes are ubiquitously expressed. To investigate the functional basis of this phenomenon, we analyzed several OXPHOS-related bioenergetic parameters, including oxygen consumption rates, electron transfer system (ETS)-related coenzyme Q (mtCoQ) redox state and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse brain and liver mitochondria fueled by different substrates. In addition, we determined how these functional parameters are affected by ETS impairment in a tissue-specific manner using pathologically relevant mouse models lacking either Ndufs4 or Ttc19, leading to Complex I (CI) or Complex III (CIII) deficiency, respectively. Detailed OXPHOS analysis revealed striking differences between brain and liver mitochondria in the capacity of the different metabolic substrates to fuel the ETS, reduce the ETS-related mtCoQ, and to induce ROS production. In addition, ETS deficiency due to either CI or CIII dysfunction had a much greater impact on the intrinsic bioenergetic parameters of brain compared with liver mitochondria. These findings are discussed in terms of the still rather mysterious tissue-specific manifestations of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Balmaceda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Timea Komlódi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Oroboros Instruments, Schöpfstr. 18, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marten Szibor
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Oroboros Instruments, Schöpfstr. 18, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anthony L Moore
- Biochemistry & Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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14
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Wilhelmi P, Haake V, Zickgraf FM, Giri V, Ternes P, Driemert P, Nöth J, Scholz S, Barenys M, Flick B, Birk B, Kamp H, Landsiedel R, Funk-Weyer D. Molecular signatures of angiogenesis inhibitors: a single-embryo untargeted metabolomics approach in zebrafish. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:943-956. [PMID: 38285066 PMCID: PMC10861732 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key process in embryonic development, a disruption of this process can lead to severe developmental defects, such as limb malformations. The identification of molecular perturbations representative of antiangiogenesis in zebrafish embryo (ZFE) may guide the assessment of developmental toxicity from an endpoint- to a mechanism-based approach, thereby improving the extrapolation of findings to humans. Thus, the aim of the study was to discover molecular changes characteristic of antiangiogenesis and developmental toxicity. We exposed ZFEs to two antiangiogenic drugs (SU4312, sorafenib) and two developmental toxicants (methotrexate, rotenone) with putative antiangiogenic action. Molecular changes were measured by performing untargeted metabolomics in single embryos. The metabolome response was accompanied by the occurrence of morphological alterations. Two distinct metabolic effect patterns were observed. The first pattern comprised common effects of two specific angiogenesis inhibitors and the known teratogen methotrexate, strongly suggesting a shared mode of action of antiangiogenesis and developmental toxicity. The second pattern involved joint effects of methotrexate and rotenone, likely related to disturbances in energy metabolism. The metabolites of the first pattern, such as phosphatidylserines, pterines, retinol, or coenzyme Q precursors, represented potential links to antiangiogenesis and related developmental toxicity. The metabolic effect pattern can contribute to biomarker identification for a mechanism-based toxicological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Wilhelmi
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany.
- University of Barcelona, Research Group in Toxicology-GRET, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Volker Haake
- BASF Metabolome Solutions, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska M Zickgraf
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany.
| | - Varun Giri
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany
| | | | | | - Julia Nöth
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marta Barenys
- University of Barcelona, Research Group in Toxicology-GRET, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Flick
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany
- Preclinical Compound Profiling, Toxicology, NUVISAN ICB GmbH, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Birk
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Free University of Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Funk-Weyer
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany
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15
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Hayashi S, Iwamoto K, Yoshihisa T. A non-canonical Puf3p-binding sequence regulates CAT5/COQ7 mRNA under both fermentable and respiratory conditions in budding yeast. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295659. [PMID: 38100455 PMCID: PMC10723686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses a highly glycolytic metabolism, if glucose is available, through appropriately suppressing mitochondrial functions except for some of them such as Fe/S cluster biogenesis. Puf3p, a Pumillio family protein, plays a pivotal role in modulating mitochondrial activity, especially during fermentation, by destabilizing its target mRNAs and/or by repressing their translation. Puf3p preferentially binds to 8-nt conserved binding sequences in the 3'-UTR of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial (nc-mitochondrial) mRNAs, leading to broad effects on gene expression under fermentable conditions. To further explore how Puf3p post-transcriptionally regulates nc-mitochondrial mRNAs in response to cell growth conditions, we initially focused on nc-mitochondrial mRNAs known to be enriched in monosomes in a glucose-rich environment. We unexpectedly found that one of the monosome-enriched mRNAs, CAT5/COQ7 mRNA, directly interacts with Puf3p through its non-canonical Puf3p binding sequence, which is generally less considered as a Puf3p binding site. Western blot analysis showed that Puf3p represses translation of Cat5p, regardless of culture in fermentable or respiratory medium. In vitro binding assay confirmed Puf3p's direct interaction with CAT5 mRNA via this non-canonical Puf3p-binding site. Although cat5 mutants of the non-canonical Puf3p-binding site grow normally, Cat5p expression is altered, indicating that CAT5 mRNA is a bona fide Puf3p target with additional regulatory factors acting through this sequence. Unlike other yeast PUF proteins, Puf3p uniquely regulates Cat5p by destabilizing mRNA and repressing translation, shedding new light on an unknown part of the Puf3p regulatory network. Given that pathological variants of human COQ7 lead to CoQ10 deficiency and yeast cat5Δ can be complemented by hCOQ7, our findings may also offer some insights into clinical aspects of COQ7-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Iwamoto
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tohru Yoshihisa
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan
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16
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Pelosi L, Morbiato L, Burgardt A, Tonello F, Bartlett AK, Guerra RM, Ferizhendi KK, Desbats MA, Rascalou B, Marchi M, Vázquez-Fonseca L, Agosto C, Zanotti G, Roger-Margueritat M, Alcázar-Fabra M, García-Corzo L, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Navas P, Brea-Calvo G, Trevisson E, Wendisch VF, Pagliarini DJ, Salviati L, Pierrel F. COQ4 is required for the oxidative decarboxylation of the C1 carbon of Coenzyme Q in eukaryotic cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.13.566839. [PMID: 38014142 PMCID: PMC10680789 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox lipid that fulfills critical functions in cellular bioenergetics and homeostasis. CoQ is synthesized by a multi-step pathway that involves several COQ proteins. Two steps of the eukaryotic pathway, the decarboxylation and hydroxylation of position C1, have remained uncharacterized. Here, we provide evidence that these two reactions occur in a single oxidative decarboxylation step catalyzed by COQ4. We demonstrate that COQ4 complements an Escherichia coli strain deficient for C1 decarboxylation and hydroxylation and that COQ4 displays oxidative decarboxylation activity in the non-CoQ producer Corynebacterium glutamicum. Overall, our results substantiate that COQ4 contributes to CoQ biosynthesis, not only via its previously proposed structural role, but also via oxidative decarboxylation of CoQ precursors. These findings fill a major gap in the knowledge of eukaryotic CoQ biosynthesis, and shed new light on the pathophysiology of human primary CoQ deficiency due to COQ4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Pelosi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Morbiato
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Arthur Burgardt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Abigail K. Bartlett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel M. Guerra
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Bérengère Rascalou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Marchi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Luis Vázquez-Fonseca
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Agosto
- Pediatric Pain and Palliative Care Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - David J. Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
- Lead contact
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
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17
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Mantle D, Millichap L, Castro-Marrero J, Hargreaves IP. Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1652. [PMID: 37627647 PMCID: PMC10451954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has a number of vital functions in all cells, both mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial. In addition to its key role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, CoQ10 serves as a lipid soluble antioxidant and plays an important role in fatty acid beta-oxidation and pyrimidine and lysosomal metabolism, as well as directly mediating the expression of a number of genes, including those involved in inflammation. Due to the multiplicity of roles in cell function, it is not surprising that a deficiency in CoQ10 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide range of disorders. CoQ10 deficiency is broadly divided into primary and secondary types. Primary CoQ10 deficiency results from mutations in genes involved in the CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway. In man, at least 10 genes are required for the biosynthesis of functional CoQ10, a mutation in any one of which can result in a deficit in CoQ10 status. Patients may respond well to oral CoQ10 supplementation, although the condition must be recognised sufficiently early, before irreversible tissue damage has occurred. In this article, we have reviewed clinical studies (up to March 2023) relating to the identification of these deficiencies, and the therapeutic outcomes of CoQ10 supplementation; we have attempted to resolve the disparities between previous review articles regarding the usefulness or otherwise of CoQ10 supplementation in these disorders. In addition, we have highlighted several of the potential problems relating to CoQ10 supplementation in primary CoQ10 deficiency, as well as identifying unresolved issues relating to these disorders that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Millichap
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Jesus Castro-Marrero
- Rheumatology Research Group, ME/CFS Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Iain P. Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
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Diodato D, Schiff M, Cohen BH, Bertini E, Rahman S. 258th ENMC international workshop Leigh syndrome spectrum: genetic causes, natural history and preparing for clinical trials 25-27 March 2022, Hoofddorp, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:700-709. [PMID: 37541860 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Diodato
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disease, CARAMMEL, Necker University Hospital, APHP and University of Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM UMRS_1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Bruce H Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics and Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK and Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom.
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Staiano C, García-Corzo L, Mantle D, Turton N, Millichap LE, Brea-Calvo G, Hargreaves I. Biosynthesis, Deficiency, and Supplementation of Coenzyme Q. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1469. [PMID: 37508007 PMCID: PMC10375973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally identified as a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, Coenzyme Q (CoQ or CoQ10 for human tissues) has recently been revealed to be essential for many different redox processes, not only in the mitochondria, but elsewhere within other cellular membrane types. Cells rely on endogenous CoQ biosynthesis, and defects in this still-not-completely understood pathway result in primary CoQ deficiencies, a group of conditions biochemically characterised by decreased tissue CoQ levels, which in turn are linked to functional defects. Secondary CoQ deficiencies may result from a wide variety of cellular dysfunctions not directly linked to primary synthesis. In this article, we review the current knowledge on CoQ biosynthesis, the defects leading to diminished CoQ10 levels in human tissues and their associated clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Staiano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| | - Lauren E Millichap
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
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Guile MD, Jain A, Anderson KA, Clarke CF. New Insights on the Uptake and Trafficking of Coenzyme Q. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1391. [PMID: 37507930 PMCID: PMC10376127 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential lipid with many cellular functions, such as electron transport for cellular respiration, antioxidant protection, redox homeostasis, and ferroptosis suppression. Deficiencies in CoQ due to aging, genetic disease, or medication can be ameliorated by high-dose supplementation. As such, an understanding of the uptake and transport of CoQ may inform methods of clinical use and identify how to better treat deficiency. Here, we review what is known about the cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of CoQ from yeast, mammalian cell culture, and rodent models, as well as its absorption at the organism level. We discuss the use of these model organisms to probe the mechanisms of uptake and distribution. The literature indicates that CoQ uptake and distribution are multifaceted processes likely to have redundancies in its transport, utilizing the endomembrane system and newly identified proteins that function as lipid transporters. Impairment of the trafficking of either endogenous or exogenous CoQ exerts profound effects on metabolism and stress response. This review also highlights significant gaps in our knowledge of how CoQ is distributed within the cell and suggests future directions of research to better understand this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Guile
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Akash Jain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Kyle A Anderson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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21
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Mitochondrial Neurodegeneration: Lessons from Drosophila melanogaster Models. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020378. [PMID: 36830747 PMCID: PMC9953451 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly-i.e., Drosophila melanogaster-has proven to be a very useful model for the understanding of basic physiological processes, such as development or ageing. The availability of straightforward genetic tools that can be used to produce engineered individuals makes this model extremely interesting for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying genetic diseases in physiological models. Mitochondrial diseases are a group of yet-incurable genetic disorders characterized by the malfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), which is the highly conserved energy transformation system present in mitochondria. The generation of D. melanogaster models of mitochondrial disease started relatively recently but has already provided relevant information about the molecular mechanisms and pathological consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we provide an overview of such models and highlight the relevance of D. melanogaster as a model to study mitochondrial disorders.
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Smith IC, Pileggi CA, Wang Y, Kernohan K, Hartley T, McMillan HJ, Sampaio ML, Melkus G, Woulfe J, Parmar G, Bourque PR, Breiner A, Zwicker J, Pringle CE, Jarinova O, Lochmüller H, Dyment DA, Brais B, Boycott KM, Hekimi S, Harper ME, Warman-Chardon J. Novel Homozygous Variant in COQ7in Siblings With Hereditary Motor Neuropathy. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200048. [PMID: 37077559 PMCID: PMC10108386 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesCoenzyme Q10(CoQ10) is an important electron carrier and antioxidant. The COQ7 enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of 5-demethoxyubiquinone-10 (DMQ10), the second-to-last step in the CoQ10biosynthesis pathway. We report a consanguineous family presenting with a hereditary motor neuropathy associated with a homozygous c.1A > G p.? variant ofCOQ7with abnormal CoQ10biosynthesis.MethodsAffected family members underwent clinical assessments that included nerve conduction testing, histologic analysis, and MRI. Pathogenicity of theCOQ7variant was assessed in cultured fibroblasts and skeletal muscle using a combination of immunoblots, respirometry, and quinone analysis.ResultsThree affected siblings, ranging from 12 to 24 years of age, presented with a severe length-dependent motor neuropathy with marked symmetric distal weakness and atrophy with normal sensation. Muscle biopsy of the quadriceps revealed chronic denervation pattern. An MRI examination identified moderate to severe fat infiltration in distal muscles. Exome sequencing demonstrated the homozygousCOQ7c.1A > G p.? variant that is expected to bypass the first 38 amino acid residues at the n-terminus, initiating instead with methionine at position 39. This is predicted to cause the loss of the cleavable mitochondrial targeting sequence and 2 additional amino acids, thereby preventing the incorporation and subsequent folding of COQ7 into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Pathogenicity of theCOQ7variant was demonstrated by diminished COQ7 and CoQ10levels in muscle and fibroblast samples of affected siblings but not in the father, unaffected sibling, or unrelated controls. In addition, fibroblasts from affected siblings had substantial accumulation of DMQ10, and maximal mitochondrial respiration was impaired in both fibroblasts and muscle.DiscussionThis report describes a new neurologic phenotype ofCOQ7-related primary CoQ10deficiency. Novel aspects of the phenotype presented by this family include pure distal motor neuropathy involvement, as well as the lack of upper motor neuron features, cognitive delay, or sensory involvement in comparison with cases ofCOQ7-related CoQ10deficiency previously reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Smith
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal A Pileggi
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristin Kernohan
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Taila Hartley
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugh J McMillan
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcos Loreto Sampaio
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gerd Melkus
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Woulfe
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaganvir Parmar
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre R Bourque
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ari Breiner
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Zwicker
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - C Elizabeth Pringle
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olga Jarinova
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - David A Dyment
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Brais
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jodi Warman-Chardon
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Coenzyme Q10 Metabolism: A Review of Unresolved Issues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032585. [PMID: 36768907 PMCID: PMC9916783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The variable success in the outcome of randomised controlled trials supplementing coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may in turn be associated with a number of currently unresolved issues relating to CoQ10 metabolism. In this article, we have reviewed what is currently known about these factors and where gaps in knowledge exist that need to be further elucidated. Issues addressed include (i) whether the bioavailability of CoQ10 could be improved; (ii) whether CoQ10 could be administered intravenously; (iii) whether CoQ10 could be administered via alternative routes; (iv) whether CoQ10 can cross the blood-brain barrier; (v) how CoQ10 is transported into and within target cells; (vi) why some clinical trials supplementing CoQ10 may have been unsuccessful; and (vii) which is the most appropriate tissue for the clinical assessment of CoQ10 status.
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24
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Watanabe C, Osaka H, Watanabe M, Miyauchi A, Jimbo EF, Tokuyama T, Uosaki H, Kishita Y, Okazaki Y, Onuki T, Ebihara T, Aizawa K, Murayama K, Ohtake A, Yamagata T. Total and reduced/oxidized forms of coenzyme Q 10 in fibroblasts of patients with mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 34:100951. [PMID: 36632326 PMCID: PMC9826971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is involved in ATP production through electron transfer in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex. CoQ10 receives electrons from respiratory chain complex I and II to become the reduced form, and then transfers electrons at complex III to become the oxidized form. The redox state of CoQ10 has been reported to be a marker of the mitochondrial metabolic state, but to our knowledge, no reports have focused on the individual quantification of reduced and oxidized CoQ10 or the ratio of reduced to total CoQ10 (reduced/total CoQ10) in patients with mitochondrial diseases. We measured reduced and oxidized CoQ10 in skin fibroblasts from 24 mitochondrial disease patients, including 5 primary CoQ10 deficiency patients and 10 respiratory chain complex deficiency patients, and determined the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio. In primary CoQ10 deficiency patients, total CoQ10 levels were significantly decreased, however, the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio was not changed. On the other hand, in mitochondrial disease patients other than primary CoQ10 deficiency patients, total CoQ10 levels did not decrease. However, the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio in patients with respiratory chain complex IV and V deficiency was higher in comparison to those with respiratory chain complex I deficiency. Measurement of CoQ10 in fibroblasts proved useful for the diagnosis of primary CoQ10 deficiency. In addition, the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio may reflect the metabolic status of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miyauchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eriko F. Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kishita
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Onuki
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ebihara
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Clinical Genomics & Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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25
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Wang S, Jain A, Novales NA, Nashner AN, Tran F, Clarke CF. Predicting and Understanding the Pathology of Single Nucleotide Variants in Human COQ Genes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122308. [PMID: 36552517 PMCID: PMC9774615 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a vital lipid that functions as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and as a membrane-soluble antioxidant. Deficiencies in CoQ lead to metabolic diseases with a wide range of clinical manifestations. There are currently few treatments that can slow or stop disease progression. Primary CoQ10 deficiency can arise from mutations in any of the COQ genes responsible for CoQ biosynthesis. While many mutations in these genes have been identified, the clinical significance of most of them remains unclear. Here we analyzed the structural and functional impact of 429 human missense single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that give rise to amino acid substitutions in the conserved and functional regions of human genes encoding a high molecular weight complex known as the CoQ synthome (or Complex Q), consisting of the COQ3-COQ7 and COQ9 gene products. Using structures of COQ polypeptides, close homologs, and AlphaFold models, we identified 115 SNVs that are potentially pathogenic. Further biochemical characterizations in model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are required to validate the pathogenicity of the identified SNVs. Collectively, our results will provide a resource for clinicians during patient diagnosis and guide therapeutic efforts toward combating primary CoQ10 deficiency.
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26
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Jurkute N, Cancellieri F, Pohl L, Li CHZ, Heaton RA, Reurink J, Bellingham J, Quinodoz M, Yioti G, Stefaniotou M, Weener M, Zuleger T, Haack TB, Stingl K, Hoyng CB, Mahroo OA, Hargreaves I, Raymond FL, Michaelides M, Rivolta C, Kohl S, Roosing S, Webster AR, Arno G. Biallelic variants in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis pathway genes cause a retinitis pigmentosa phenotype. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:60. [PMID: 36266294 PMCID: PMC9581764 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis pathway defects in inherited retinal dystrophy. Individuals affected by inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) underwent exome or genome sequencing for molecular diagnosis of their condition. Following negative IRD gene panel analysis, patients carrying biallelic variants in CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway genes were identified. Clinical data were collected from the medical records. Haplotypes harbouring the same missense variant were characterised from family genome sequencing (GS) data and direct Sanger sequencing. Candidate splice variants were characterised using Oxford Nanopore Technologies single molecule sequencing. The CoQ10 status of the human plasma was determined in some of the study patients. 13 individuals from 12 unrelated families harboured candidate pathogenic genotypes in the genes: PDSS1, COQ2, COQ4 and COQ5. The PDSS1 variant c.589 A > G was identified in three affected individuals from three unrelated families on a possible ancestral haplotype. Three variants (PDSS1 c.468-25 A > G, PDSS1 c.722-2 A > G, COQ5 c.682-7 T > G) were shown to lead to cryptic splicing. 6 affected individuals were diagnosed with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa and 7 had additional clinical findings. This study provides evidence of CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway gene defects leading to non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa in some cases. Intronic variants outside of the canonical splice-sites represent an important cause of disease. RT-PCR nanopore sequencing is effective in characterising these splice defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neringa Jurkute
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. .,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Francesca Cancellieri
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Pohl
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Catherina H Z Li
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A Heaton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores, Liverpool, UK
| | - Janine Reurink
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James Bellingham
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Georgia Yioti
- University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - Theresia Zuleger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katarina Stingl
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Carel B Hoyng
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Omar A Mahroo
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores, Liverpool, UK
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Roosing
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Webster
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gavin Arno
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. .,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK. .,North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
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27
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Effects of CoQ10 Replacement Therapy on the Audiological Characteristics of Pediatric Patients with COQ6 Variants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5250254. [PMID: 36124066 PMCID: PMC9482153 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5250254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency refers to a group of mitochondrial cytopathies caused by genetic defects in CoQ10 biosynthesis. Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency-6 (COQ10D6) is an autosomal recessive disorder attributable to biallelic COQ6 variants; the cardinal phenotypes are steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), which inevitably progresses to kidney failure, and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Here, we describe the phenotypes and genotypes of 12 children with COQ10D6 from 11 unrelated Korean families and quantitatively explore the beneficial effects of CoQ10 replacement therapy on SNHL. A diagnosis of SRNS generally precedes SNHL documentation. COQ10D6 is associated with progressive SNHL. Four causative COQ6 variants were identified in either homozygotes or compound heterozygotes: c.189_191delGAA, c.484C>T, c.686A>C, and c.782C>T. The response rate (no further hearing loss or improvement) was 42.9%; CoQ10 replacement therapy may thus limit and even improve hearing loss. Notably, the audiological benefit appeared to be genotype-specific, suggesting a genotype–phenotype correlation. The results of cochlear implantation were generally favorable, and the effects were sustained over time. Our results thus propose the beneficial effects of CoQ10 replacement therapy on hearing loss. Our work with COQ10D6 patients is a good example of personalized, genetically tailored, audiological rehabilitation of patients with syndromic deafness.
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28
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González-García P, Díaz-Casado ME, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Bakkali M, Barriocanal-Casado E, Escames G, Chiozzi RZ, Völlmy F, Zaal EA, Berkers CR, Heck AJR, López LC. The Q-junction and the inflammatory response are critical pathological and therapeutic factors in CoQ deficiency. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102403. [PMID: 35863266 PMCID: PMC9301574 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in Coenzyme Q (CoQ) metabolism have been associated with primary mitochondrial disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic conditions. The consequences of CoQ deficiency have not been fully addressed, and effective treatment remains challenging. Here, we use mice with primary CoQ deficiency (Coq9R239X), and we demonstrate that CoQ deficiency profoundly alters the Q-junction, leading to extensive changes in the mitochondrial proteome and metabolism in the kidneys and, to a lesser extent, in the brain. CoQ deficiency also induces reactive gliosis, which mediates a neuroinflammatory response, both of which lead to an encephalopathic phenotype. Importantly, treatment with either vanillic acid (VA) or β-resorcylic acid (β-RA), two analogs of the natural precursor for CoQ biosynthesis, partially restores CoQ metabolism, particularly in the kidneys, and induces profound normalization of the mitochondrial proteome and metabolism, ultimately leading to reductions in gliosis, neuroinflammation and spongiosis and, consequently, reversing the phenotype. Together, these results provide key mechanistic insights into defects in CoQ metabolism and identify potential disease biomarkers. Furthermore, our findings clearly indicate that the use of analogs of the CoQ biosynthetic precursor is a promising alternative therapy for primary CoQ deficiency and has potential for use in the treatment of more common neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases that are associated with secondary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Mohammed Bakkali
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Völlmy
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther A Zaal
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luis C López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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29
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Hernández-Camacho JD, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Vicente-García C, Navas-Enamorado I, López-Lluch G, Oliva C, Artuch R, Garcia-Villoria J, Ribes A, de Cabo R, Carvajal JJ, Navas P. Calorie Restriction Rescues Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Adck2-Deficient Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:898792. [PMID: 35936917 PMCID: PMC9351392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.898792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ADCK2 haploinsufficiency-mediated mitochondrial coenzyme Q deficiency in skeletal muscle causes mitochondrial myopathy associated with defects in beta-oxidation of fatty acids, aged-matched metabolic reprogramming, and defective physical performance. Calorie restriction has proven to increase lifespan and delay the onset of chronic diseases associated to aging. To study the possible treatment by food deprivation, heterozygous Adck2 knockout mice were fed under 40% calorie restriction (CR) and the phenotype was followed for 7 months. The overall glucose and fatty acids metabolism in muscle was restored in mutant mice to WT levels after CR. CR modulated the skeletal muscle metabolic profile of mutant mice, partially rescuing the profile of WT animals. The analysis of mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle demonstrated that CR increased both CoQ levels and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) based on both glucose and fatty acids substrates, along with mitochondrial mass. The elevated aerobic metabolism fits with an increase of type IIa fibers, and a reduction of type IIx in mutant muscles, reaching WT levels. To further explore the effect of CR over muscle stem cells, satellite cells were isolated and induced to differentiate in culture media containing serum from animals in either ad libitum or CR diets for 72 h. Mutant cells showed slower differentiation alongside with decreased oxygen consumption. In vitro differentiation of mutant cells was increased under CR serum reaching levels of WT isolated cells, recovering respiration measured by OCR and partially beta-oxidation of fatty acids. The overall increase of skeletal muscle bioenergetics following CR intervention is paralleled with a physical activity improvement, with some increases in two and four limbs strength tests, and weights strength test. Running wheel activity was also partially improved in mutant mice under CR. These results demonstrate that CR intervention, which has been shown to improve age-associated physical and metabolic decline in WT mice, also recovers the defective aerobic metabolism and differentiation of skeletal muscle in mice caused by ADCK2 haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel J. M. Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vicente-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- Atsena Therapeutics, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Oliva
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Villoria
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Ribes
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jaime J. Carvajal
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Plácido Navas,
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30
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A novel COQ7 mutation causing primarily neuromuscular pathology and its treatment options. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 31:100877. [PMID: 35782625 PMCID: PMC9248208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is necessary as electron transporter in mitochondrial respiration and other cellular functions. CoQ10 is synthesized by all cells and defects in the synthesis pathway result in primary CoQ10 deficiency that frequently leads to severe mitochondrial disease syndrome. CoQ10 is exceedingly hydrophobic, insoluble, and poorly bioavailable, with the result that dietary CoQ10 supplementation produces no or only minimal relief for patients. We studied a patient from Turkey and identified and characterized a new mutation in the CoQ10 biosynthetic gene COQ7 (c.161G > A; p.Arg54Gln). We find that unexpected neuromuscular pathology can accompany CoQ10 deficiency caused by a COQ7 mutation. We also show that by-passing the need for COQ7 by providing the unnatural precursor 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, as has been proposed, is unlikely to be an effective and safe therapeutic option. In contrast, we show for the first time in human patient cells that the respiratory defect resulting from CoQ10 deficiency is rescued by providing CoQ10 formulated with caspofungin (CF/CoQ). Caspofungin is a clinically approved intravenous fungicide whose surfactant properties lead to CoQ10 micellization, complete water solubilization, and efficient uptake by cells and organs in animal studies. These findings reinforce the possibility of using CF/CoQ in the clinical treatment of CoQ10-deficient patients.
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31
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Xie J, Jiang J, Guo Q. Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7 and Pathogenic COQ4 Variants: Clinical Presentation, Biochemical Analyses, and Treatment. Front Genet 2022; 12:776807. [PMID: 35154243 PMCID: PMC8826242 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.776807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-7 (COQ10D7) is a rare mitochondrial disorder caused by pathogenic COQ4 variants. In this review, we discuss the correlation of COQ4 genotypes, particularly the East Asian-specific c.370G > A variant, with the clinical presentations and therapeutic effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 supplementation from an exon-dependent perspective. Pathogenic COQ4 variants in exons 1–4 are associated with less life-threating presentations, late onset, responsiveness to CoQ10 therapy, and a relatively long lifespan. In contrast, pathogenic COQ4 variants in exons 5–7 are associated with early onset, unresponsiveness to CoQ10 therapy, and early death and are more fatal. Patients with the East Asian-specific c.370G > A variant displays intermediate disease severity with multi-systemic dysfunction, which is between that of the patients with variants in exons 1–4 and 5–7. The mechanism underlying this exon-dependent genotype-phenotype correlation may be associated with the structure and function of COQ4. Sex is shown unlikely to be associated with disease severity. While point-of-care high-throughput sequencing would be useful for the rapid diagnosis of pathogenic COQ4 variants, whereas biochemical analyses of the characteristic impairments in CoQ10 biosynthesis and mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, as well as the phenotypic rescue of the CoQ10 treatment, are necessary to confirm the pathogenicity of suspicious variants. In addition to CoQ10 derivatives, targeted drugs and gene therapy could be useful treatments for COQ10D7 depending on the in-depth functional investigations and the development of gene editing technologies. This review provides a fundamental reference for the sub-classification of COQ10D7 and aim to advance our knowledge of the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and prognosis of this disease and possible interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Xie
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiayang Jiang
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Guo
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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32
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Vercellino I, Sazanov LA. The assembly, regulation and function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:141-161. [PMID: 34621061 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system is central to cellular metabolism. It comprises five enzymatic complexes and two mobile electron carriers that work in a mitochondrial respiratory chain. By coupling the oxidation of reducing equivalents coming into mitochondria to the generation and subsequent dissipation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, this electron transport chain drives the production of ATP, which is then used as a primary energy carrier in virtually all cellular processes. Minimal perturbations of the respiratory chain activity are linked to diseases; therefore, it is necessary to understand how these complexes are assembled and regulated and how they function. In this Review, we outline the latest assembly models for each individual complex, and we also highlight the recent discoveries indicating that the formation of larger assemblies, known as respiratory supercomplexes, originates from the association of the intermediates of individual complexes. We then discuss how recent cryo-electron microscopy structures have been key to answering open questions on the function of the electron transport chain in mitochondrial respiration and how supercomplexes and other factors, including metabolites, can regulate the activity of the single complexes. When relevant, we discuss how these mechanisms contribute to physiology and outline their deregulation in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Vercellino
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Leonid A Sazanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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33
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Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111785. [PMID: 34829656 PMCID: PMC8615162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q is a unique lipidic molecule highly conserved in evolution and essential to maintaining aerobic metabolism. It is endogenously synthesized in all cells by a very complex pathway involving a group of nuclear genes that share high homology among species. This pathway is tightly regulated at transcription and translation, but also by environment and energy requirements. Here, we review how coenzyme Q reacts within mitochondria to promote ATP synthesis and also integrates a plethora of metabolic pathways and regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q is also located in all cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins in which it exerts antioxidant function, and its reaction with different extramitochondrial oxidoreductases contributes to regulate the cellular redox homeostasis and cytosolic oxidative stress, providing a key factor in controlling various apoptosis mechanisms. Coenzyme Q levels can be decreased in humans by defects in the biosynthesis pathway or by mitochondrial or cytosolic dysfunctions, leading to a highly heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases included in the coenzyme Q deficiency syndrome. We also review the importance of coenzyme Q levels and its reactions involved in aging and age-associated metabolic disorders, and how the strategy of its supplementation has had benefits for combating these diseases and for physical performance in aging.
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34
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González-García P, Barriocanal-Casado E, Díaz-Casado ME, López-Herrador S, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, López LC. Animal Models of Coenzyme Q Deficiency: Mechanistic and Translational Learnings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111687. [PMID: 34829558 PMCID: PMC8614664 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a vital lipophilic molecule that is endogenously synthesized in the mitochondria of each cell. The CoQ biosynthetic pathway is complex and not completely characterized, and it involves at least thirteen catalytic and regulatory proteins. Once it is synthesized, CoQ exerts a wide variety of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial functions thank to its redox capacity and its lipophilicity. Thus, low levels of CoQ cause diseases with heterogeneous clinical symptoms, which are not always understood. The decreased levels of CoQ may be primary caused by defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or secondarily associated with other diseases. In both cases, the pathomechanisms are related to the CoQ functions, although further experimental evidence is required to establish this association. The conventional treatment for CoQ deficiencies is the high doses of oral CoQ10 supplementation, but this therapy is not effective for some specific clinical presentations, especially in those involving the nervous system. To better understand the CoQ biosynthetic pathway, the biological functions linked to CoQ and the pathomechanisms of CoQ deficiencies, and to improve the therapeutic outcomes of this syndrome, a variety of animal models have been generated and characterized in the last decade. In this review, we show all the animal models available, remarking on the most important outcomes that each model has provided. Finally, we also comment some gaps and future research directions related to CoQ metabolism and how the current and novel animal models may help in the development of future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C. López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
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35
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Cellular Models for Primary CoQ Deficiency Pathogenesis Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910211. [PMID: 34638552 PMCID: PMC8508219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) deficiency includes a heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases characterized by low mitochondrial levels of CoQ due to decreased endogenous biosynthesis rate. These diseases respond to CoQ treatment mainly at the early stages of the disease. The advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) as whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have increased the discoveries of mutations in either gene already described to participate in CoQ biosynthesis or new genes also involved in this pathway. However, these technologies usually provide many mutations in genes whose pathogenic effect must be validated. To functionally validate the impact of gene variations in the disease’s onset and progression, different cell models are commonly used. We review here the use of yeast strains for functional complementation of human genes, dermal skin fibroblasts from patients as an excellent tool to demonstrate the biochemical and genetic mechanisms of these diseases and the development of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and iPSC-derived organoids for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment approaches.
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36
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Ayer A, Fazakerley DJ, Suarna C, Maghzal GJ, Sheipouri D, Lee KJ, Bradley MC, Fernández-Del-Rio L, Tumanov S, Kong SM, van der Veen JN, Yang A, Ho JWK, Clarke SG, James DE, Dawes IW, Vance DE, Clarke CF, Jacobs RL, Stocker R. Genetic screening reveals phospholipid metabolism as a key regulator of the biosynthesis of the redox-active lipid coenzyme Q. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102127. [PMID: 34521065 PMCID: PMC8435697 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial energy production and function rely on optimal concentrations of the essential redox-active lipid, coenzyme Q (CoQ). CoQ deficiency results in mitochondrial dysfunction associated with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and a range of pathologies. What drives CoQ deficiency in many of these pathologies is unknown, just as there currently is no effective therapeutic strategy to overcome CoQ deficiency in humans. To date, large-scale studies aimed at systematically interrogating endogenous systems that control CoQ biosynthesis and their potential utility to treat disease have not been carried out. Therefore, we developed a quantitative high-throughput method to determine CoQ concentrations in yeast cells. Applying this method to the Yeast Deletion Collection as a genome-wide screen, 30 genes not known previously to regulate cellular concentrations of CoQ were discovered. In combination with untargeted lipidomics and metabolomics, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) deficiency was confirmed as a positive regulator of CoQ synthesis, the first identified to date. Mechanistically, PEMT deficiency alters mitochondrial concentrations of one-carbon metabolites, characterized by an increase in the S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM-to-SAH) ratio that reflects mitochondrial methylation capacity, drives CoQ synthesis, and is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative stress. The newly described regulatory pathway appears evolutionary conserved, as ablation of PEMT using antisense oligonucleotides increases mitochondrial CoQ in mouse-derived adipocytes that translates to improved glucose utilization by these cells, and protection of mice from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Our studies reveal a previously unrecognized relationship between two spatially distinct lipid pathways with potential implications for the treatment of CoQ deficiencies, mitochondrial oxidative stress/dysfunction, and associated diseases. Mitochondrial CoQ deficiency results in oxidative stress and a range of pathologies The drivers of mitochondrial CoQ deficiency remain largely unknown PEMT deficiency is the first identified positive regulator of mitochondrial CoQ PEMT deficiency increases CoQ by increasing the mitochondrial SAM-to-SAH ratio PEMT deficiency prevents insulin resistance by increasing mitochondrial CoQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cacang Suarna
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Diba Sheipouri
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kevin J Lee
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle C Bradley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Lucía Fernández-Del-Rio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Sergey Tumanov
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie My Kong
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jelske N van der Veen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrian Yang
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua W K Ho
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Laboratory for Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian W Dawes
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dennis E Vance
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - René L Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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37
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Fernández-Del-Río L, Rodríguez-López S, Gutiérrez-Casado E, González-Reyes JA, Clarke CF, Burón MI, Villalba JM. Regulation of hepatic coenzyme Q biosynthesis by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102061. [PMID: 34246922 PMCID: PMC8274332 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fats are important for human health, yet it is not fully understood how different fats affect various health problems. Although polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are generally considered as highly oxidizable, those of the n-3 series can ameliorate the risk of many age-related disorders. Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is both an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the only lipid-soluble antioxidant that animal cells can synthesize. Previous work has documented the protective antioxidant properties of CoQ against the autoxidation products of PUFAs. Here, we have explored in vitro and in vivo models to better understand the regulation of CoQ biosynthesis by dietary fats. In mouse liver, PUFAs increased CoQ content, and PUFAs of the n-3 series increased preferentially CoQ10. This response was recapitulated in hepatic cells cultured in the presence of lipid emulsions, where we additionally demonstrated a role for n-3 PUFAs as regulators of CoQ biosynthesis via the upregulation of several COQ proteins and farnesyl pyrophosphate levels. In both models, n-3 PUFAs altered the mitochondrial network without changing the overall mitochondrial mass. Furthermore, in cellular systems, n-3 PUFAs favored the synthesis of CoQ10 over CoQ9, thus altering the ratio between CoQ isoforms through a mechanism that involved downregulation of farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity. This effect was recapitulated by both siRNA silencing and by pharmacological inhibition of farnesyl diphosphate synthase with zoledronic acid. We highlight here the ability of n-3 PUFAs to regulate CoQ biosynthesis, CoQ content, and the ratio between its isoforms, which might be relevant to better understand the health benefits associated with this type of fat. Additionally, we identify for the first time zoledronic acid as a drug that inhibits CoQ biosynthesis, which must be also considered with respect to its biological effects on patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Fernández-Del-Río
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena Gutiérrez-Casado
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Antonio González-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - María Isabel Burón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Manuel Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
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38
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Fernández-del-Río L, Clarke CF. Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis: An Update on the Origins of the Benzenoid Ring and Discovery of New Ring Precursors. Metabolites 2021; 11:385. [PMID: 34198496 PMCID: PMC8231959 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone or CoQ) is a conserved polyprenylated lipid essential for mitochondrial respiration. CoQ is composed of a redox-active benzoquinone ring and a long polyisoprenyl tail that serves as a membrane anchor. A classic pathway leading to CoQ biosynthesis employs 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HB). Recent studies with stable isotopes in E. coli, yeast, and plant and animal cells have identified CoQ intermediates and new metabolic pathways that produce 4HB. Stable isotope labeling has identified para-aminobenzoic acid as an alternate ring precursor of yeast CoQ biosynthesis, as well as other natural products, such as kaempferol, that provide ring precursors for CoQ biosynthesis in plants and mammals. In this review, we highlight how stable isotopes can be used to delineate the biosynthetic pathways leading to CoQ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine F. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA;
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39
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Navas P, Sanz A. Editorial: "Mitochondrial coenzyme Q homeostasis: Signalling, respiratory chain stability and diseases.". Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:12-13. [PMID: 33845159 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, and CIBERER, ISCIII, Seville 41013, Spain.
| | - Alberto Sanz
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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