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Pradhan P, Vijayan V, Liu B, Martinez-Delgado B, Matamala N, Nikolin C, Greite R, DeLuca DS, Janciauskiene S, Motterlini R, Foresti R, Immenschuh S. Distinct metabolic responses to heme in inflammatory human and mouse macrophages - Role of nitric oxide. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103191. [PMID: 38762951 PMCID: PMC11130737 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of inflammation is tightly associated with metabolic reprogramming in macrophages. The iron-containing tetrapyrrole heme can induce pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory effects in murine macrophages, but has been associated with polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype in human macrophages. In the current study, we compared the regulatory responses to heme and the prototypical Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human and mouse macrophages with a particular focus on alterations of cellular bioenergetics. In human macrophages, bulk RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that heme led to an anti-inflammatory transcriptional profile, whereas LPS induced a classical pro-inflammatory gene response. Co-stimulation of heme with LPS caused opposing regulatory patterns of inflammatory activation and cellular bioenergetics in human and mouse macrophages. Specifically, in LPS-stimulated murine, but not human macrophages, heme led to a marked suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and an up-regulation of glycolysis. The species-specific alterations in cellular bioenergetics and inflammatory responses to heme were critically dependent on the availability of nitric oxide (NO) that is generated in inflammatory mouse, but not human macrophages. Accordingly, studies with an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor in mouse, and a pharmacological NO donor in human macrophages, reveal that NO is responsible for the opposing effects of heme in these cells. Taken together, the current findings indicate that NO is critical for the immunomodulatory role of heme in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Pradhan
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vijith Vijayan
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beatriz Martinez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Matamala
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Nikolin
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Greite
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - David S. DeLuca
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Roberta Foresti
- University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Dunaway LS, Loeb SA, Petrillo S, Tolosano E, Isakson BE. Heme metabolism in nonerythroid cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107132. [PMID: 38432636 PMCID: PMC10988061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-containing prosthetic group necessary for the function of several proteins termed "hemoproteins." Erythrocytes contain most of the body's heme in the form of hemoglobin and contain high concentrations of free heme. In nonerythroid cells, where cytosolic heme concentrations are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower, heme plays an essential and often overlooked role in a variety of cellular processes. Indeed, hemoproteins are found in almost every subcellular compartment and are integral in cellular operations such as oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. Growing evidence reveals the participation of heme in dynamic processes such as circadian rhythms, NO signaling, and the modulation of enzyme activity. This dynamic view of heme biology uncovers exciting possibilities as to how hemoproteins may participate in a range of physiologic systems. Here, we discuss how heme is regulated at the level of its synthesis, availability, redox state, transport, and degradation and highlight the implications for cellular function and whole organism physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Skylar A Loeb
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Deptartment Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Deptartment Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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3
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Dent MR, DeMartino AW. Nitric oxide and thiols: Chemical biology, signalling paradigms and vascular therapeutic potential. Br J Pharmacol 2023:10.1111/bph.16274. [PMID: 37908126 PMCID: PMC11058123 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (• NO) interactions with biological thiols play crucial, but incompletely determined, roles in vascular signalling and other biological processes. Here, we highlight two recently proposed signalling paradigms: (1) the formation of a vasodilating labile nitrosyl ferrous haem (NO-ferrohaem) facilitated by thiols via thiyl radical generation and (2) polysulfides/persulfides and their interaction with • NO. We also describe the specific (bio)chemical routes in which • NO and thiols react to form S-nitrosothiols, a broad class of small molecules, and protein post-translational modifications that can influence protein function through catalytic site or allosteric structural changes. S-Nitrosothiol formation depends upon cellular conditions, but critically, an appropriate oxidant for either the thiol (yielding a thiyl radical) or • NO (yielding a nitrosonium [NO+ ]-donating species) is required. We examine the roles of these collective • NO/thiol species in vascular signalling and their cardiovascular therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony W. DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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DeMartino AW, Poudel L, Dent MR, Chen X, Xu Q, Gladwin BS, Tejero J, Basu S, Alipour E, Jiang Y, Rose JJ, Gladwin MT, Kim-Shapiro DB. Thiol-catalyzed formation of NO-ferroheme regulates intravascular NO signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1256-1266. [PMID: 37710075 PMCID: PMC10897909 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenously produced signaling molecule that regulates blood flow and platelet activation. However, intracellular and intravascular diffusion of NO are limited by scavenging reactions with several hemoproteins, raising questions as to how free NO can signal in hemoprotein-rich environments. We explore the hypothesis that NO can be stabilized as a labile ferrous heme-nitrosyl complex (Fe2+-NO, NO-ferroheme). We observe a reaction between NO, labile ferric heme (Fe3+) and reduced thiols to yield NO-ferroheme and a thiyl radical. This thiol-catalyzed reductive nitrosylation occurs when heme is solubilized in lipophilic environments such as red blood cell membranes or bound to serum albumin. The resulting NO-ferroheme resists oxidative inactivation, is soluble in cell membranes and is transported intravascularly by albumin to promote potent vasodilation. We therefore provide an alternative route for NO delivery from erythrocytes and blood via transfer of NO-ferroheme and activation of apo-soluble guanylyl cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laxman Poudel
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew R Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiukai Chen
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brendan S Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Swati Basu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elmira Alipour
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jason J Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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5
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Kleschyov AL, Zhuge Z, Schiffer TA, Guimarães DD, Zhang G, Montenegro MF, Tesse A, Weitzberg E, Carlström M, Lundberg JO. NO-ferroheme is a signaling entity in the vasculature. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1267-1275. [PMID: 37710073 PMCID: PMC10522487 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite wide appreciation of the biological role of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) signaling, questions remain about the chemical nature of NOS-derived bioactivity. Here we show that NO-like bioactivity can be efficiently transduced by mobile NO-ferroheme species, which can transfer between proteins, partition into a hydrophobic phase and directly activate the sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway without intermediacy of free NO. The NO-ferroheme species (with or without a protein carrier) efficiently relax isolated blood vessels and induce hypotension in rodents, which is greatly potentiated after the blockade of NOS activity. While free NO-induced relaxations are abolished by an NO scavenger and in the presence of red blood cells or blood plasma, a model compound, NO-ferroheme-myoglobin preserves its vasoactivity suggesting the physiological relevance of NO-ferroheme species. We conclude that NO-ferroheme behaves as a signaling entity in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Kleschyov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
- Freiberg Instruments GmbH, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Drielle D Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Marcelo F Montenegro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Tesse
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR1087, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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6
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Stuehr DJ, Biswas P, Dai Y, Ghosh A, Islam S, Jayaram DT. A natural heme deficiency exists in biology that allows nitric oxide to control heme protein functions by regulating cellular heme distribution. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300055. [PMID: 37276366 PMCID: PMC10478511 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A natural heme deficiency that exists in cells outside of the circulation broadly compromises the heme contents and functions of heme proteins in cells and tissues. Recently, we found that the signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO), can trigger or repress the deployment of intracellular heme in a concentration-dependent hormetic manner. This uncovers a new role for NO and sets the stage for it to shape numerous biological processes by controlling heme deployment and consequent heme protein functions in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J. Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195 USA
| | - Pranjal Biswas
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195 USA
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195 USA
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195 USA
| | - Sidra Islam
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195 USA
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7
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Biswas P, Stuehr DJ. Indoleamine dioxygenase and tryptophan dioxygenase activities are regulated through control of cell heme allocation by nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104753. [PMID: 37116709 PMCID: PMC10220489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and Tryptophan-2, 3-dioxygenase (TDO) catalyze the conversion of L-tryptophan to N-formyl-kynurenine and thus play primary roles in metabolism, inflammation, and tumor immune surveillance. Because their activities depend on their heme contents, which vary in biological settings and go up or down in a dynamic manner, we studied how their heme levels may be impacted by nitric oxide (NO) in mammalian cells. We utilized cells expressing TDO or IDO1 either naturally or via transfection and determined their activities, heme contents, and expression levels as a function of NO exposure. We found NO has a bimodal effect: a narrow range of low NO exposure promoted cells to allocate heme into the heme-free TDO and IDO1 populations and consequently boosted their heme contents and activities 4- to 6-fold, while beyond this range the NO exposure transitioned to have a negative impact on their heme contents and activities. NO did not alter dioxygenase protein expression levels, and its bimodal impact was observed when NO was released by a chemical donor or was generated naturally by immune-stimulated macrophage cells. NO-driven heme allocations to IDO1 and TDO required participation of a GAPDH-heme complex and for IDO1 required chaperone Hsp90 activity. Thus, cells can up- or downregulate their IDO1 and TDO activities through a bimodal control of heme allocation by NO. This mechanism has important biomedical implications and helps explain why the IDO1 and TDO activities in animals go up and down in response to immune stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Biswas
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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8
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Richter SM, Massman LC, Stuehr DJ, Sweeny EA. Functional interactions between NADPH oxidase 5 and actin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1116833. [PMID: 36776559 PMCID: PMC9909703 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1116833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) is a transmembrane oxidative signaling enzyme which produces superoxide in response to intracellular calcium flux. Increasing evidence indicates that NOX5 is involved in a variety of physiological processes as well as human disease, however, details of NOX5 signaling pathways and targets of NOX5 mediated oxidative modifications remain poorly resolved. Actin dynamics have previously been shown to be modulated by oxidative modification, however, a direct connection to NOX5 expression and activity has not been fully explored. Here we show that NOX5 and actin interact in the cell, and each modulate the activity of the other. Using actin effector molecules jasplakinolide, cytochalasin D and latrunculin A, we show that changes in actin dynamics affect NOX5 superoxide production. In tandem, NOX5 oxidatively modifies actin, and shifts the ratio of filamentous to monomeric actin. Finally, we show that knockdown of NOX5 in the pancreatic cancer cell line PSN-1 impairs cell migration. Together our findings indicate an important link between actin dynamics and oxidative signaling through NOX5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Richter
- Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Lilyanna C Massman
- Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Sweeny
- Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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9
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Stuehr DJ, Dai Y, Biswas P, Sweeny EA, Ghosh A. New roles for GAPDH, Hsp90, and NO in regulating heme allocation and hemeprotein function in mammals. Biol Chem 2022; 403:1005-1015. [PMID: 36152339 PMCID: PMC10184026 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular trafficking of mitochondrial heme presents a fundamental challenge to animal cells. This article provides some background on heme allocation, discusses some of the concepts, and then reviews research done over the last decade, much in the author's laboratory, that is uncovering unexpected and important roles for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), and nitric oxide (NO) in enabling and regulating the allocation of mitochondrial heme to hemeproteins that mature and function outside of the mitochondria. A model for how hemeprotein functions can be regulated in cells through the coordinate participation of GAPDH, hsp90, and NO in allocating cellular heme is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Pranjal Biswas
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Sweeny
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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