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Zhang L, Zou W, Hu Y, Wu H, Gao Y, Zhang J, Zheng J. Maternal high-calorie diet feeding programs hepatic cholesterol metabolism and Abca1 promoter methylation in the early life of offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 122:109449. [PMID: 37748622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Maternal high-calorie diet feeding can dramatically increase the susceptibility of metabolic diseases in offspring. However, whether maternal high-calorie diet feeding can program hepatic cholesterol metabolism in the early life of offspring is less understood, and the epigenetic mechanisms underlying this intergenerational effect, especially during the early life of offspring, are unknown. Female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a high-calorie diet or control diet before and during gestation, and lactation. Lipid metabolism was evaluated in male offspring at weaning. Gene expressions and quantitative methylation levels of key genes associated with hepatic cholesterol metabolism were further evaluated in offspring at weaning age. We found that maternal high-calorie diet feeding resulted in higher body weight, hypercholesterolemia, elevated total cholesterol in liver homogenates, and fat deposits in the liver in offspring at weaning. For key genes that regulate cholesterol metabolism in liver, we showed lower Hmgcr and Ldlr, and higher Abca1 mRNA and protein expressions in offspring from dams fed with high-calorie diet at weaning age. We further found that maternal high-calorie diet feeding significantly decreased Abca1 methylation level in offspring, with lower methylation levels of both CpG 11 and CpG 22 sites. Interestingly, we found that Abca1 methylation level was negatively associated with hepatic Abca1 mRNA expression in offspring from dams fed with high-calorie diet and controls. However, the expressions of key genes associated with hepatic cholesterol metabolism were not significant between fetuses of dams fed with high-calorie diet and control diet. In conclusion, our results indicate that maternal high-calorie diet feeding results in aberrant lipid metabolism, including hypercholesterolemia and fat deposits in the liver of offspring as early as weaning age. Furthermore, maternal high-calorie feeding can program hepatic cholesterol metabolism and Abca1 methylation in the early life of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyan Hu
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Honghua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Karbaschi R, Zardooz H. Pancreatic GLUT2 protein expression and isolated islets insulin secretion decreased in high-fat fed rat dams. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1511-1518. [PMID: 37975089 PMCID: PMC10638334 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Chronic consumption of high-fat foods during the reproductive period may endanger the dams' metabolic homeostasis and might adversely affect pregnancy outcome. In this regard the present study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term high-fat feeding on pancreatic glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) protein expression and isolated islets glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in Wistar rat dams. Materials and methods Female rats were randomly divided into normal (N) and high-fat (HF; containing cow butter) diet groups and consumed their respective diets for 10 weeks (from prepregnancy to the end of lactation). After lactation, fasting plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were measured to calculate HOMA-IR index, then intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed. Moreover, the pancreatic GLUT2 protein expression and insulin secretion from isolated islets at basal (5.6 mM) and stimulated (16.7 mM) glucose concentrations were assessed. Results In HF group compared to N group, the plasma insulin level increased, whereas the plasma glucose level did not change in fasting state. Accordingly, the HOMA-IR index increased in HF fed animals. Furthermore, the IPGTT revealed glucose intolerance based on the plasma glucose and insulin results. Also, the pancreatic GLUT2 expression and isolated islets insulin secretion, in response to high glucose concentration, were decreased. Conclusion The chronic consumption of high-fat foods during prepregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation periods can lead to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and inhibition of pancreatic GLUT2 expression, which impairs glucose homeostasis. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully monitor the diet composition of dams during this critical period. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01274-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Karbaschi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Zardooz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sharma S, Bhonde R. Dilemma of Epigenetic Changes Causing or Reducing Metabolic Disorders in Offsprings of Obese Mothers. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:665-676. [PMID: 37813098 DOI: 10.1055/a-2159-9128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with fetal complications predisposing later to the development of metabolic syndrome during childhood and adult stages. High-fat diet seems to influence individuals and their subsequent generations in mediating weight gain, insulin resistance, obesity, high cholesterol, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorder. Research evidence strongly suggests that epigenetic alteration is the major contributor to the development of metabolic syndrome through DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression. In this review, we have discussed the outcome of recent studies on the adverse and beneficial effects of nutrients and vitamins through epigenetics during pregnancy. We have further discussed about the miRNAs altered during maternal obesity. Identification of new epigenetic modifiers such as mesenchymal stem cells condition media (MSCs-CM)/exosomes for accelerating the reversal of epigenetic abnormalities for the development of new treatments is yet another aspect of the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Sharma
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth Pune (Deemed University), Pune, India
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Monthé-Drèze C, Aris IM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Oken E, Sen S. The Role of Prenatal Psychosocial Stress in the Associations of a Proinflammatory Diet in Pregnancy With Child Adiposity and Growth Trajectories. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2251367. [PMID: 36662527 PMCID: PMC9860526 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.51367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Prenatal psychosocial stress and nutrition may each program offspring adiposity, an important predictor of lifelong cardiometabolic health. Although increased stress and poor nutrition have been found to co-occur in pregnancy, little is known about their combined longitudinal associations in the offspring. Objective To investigate whether the associations of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with offspring adiposity differ by prenatal stress levels and whether these associations change with age. Design, Setting, and Participants Project Viva, a prospective prebirth cohort study of mother-child dyads in Massachusetts, included singleton children of mothers enrolled between April 1999 and July 2002, with follow-up visits at early childhood, midchildhood, and early adolescence. Data analysis was performed from October 31, 2020, to October 31, 2022. Exposures Food frequency-derived DII score in pregnancy was the exposure. Effect modifiers included stress-related measures in pregnancy; depressive symptoms assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), dichotomized at scores greater than or equal to 13 vs less than 13; and census tract-level social vulnerability (overall Social Vulnerability Index and its 4 main subindices), dichotomized at the 75th percentile. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall adiposity, comprising sex- and age-standardized body mass index (BMI z), sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds, fat mass index (FMI), and body fat percentage estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); and central adiposity, comprising waist circumference, ratio of subscapular to triceps skinfolds, and DXA-derived trunk FMI. Results Among 1060 mother-child dyads, mean (SD) maternal age was 32.6 (4.6) years, and 811 (77%) mothers were non-Hispanic White. Mean (SD) DII score was -2.7 (1.3) units, Social Vulnerability Index level was 38th (27th) percentile, and 8% of mothers had depressive symptoms. Mean (SD) age of the children was 3.3 (0.3) years at the early childhood visit, 7.9 (0.8) years at the midchildhood visit, and 13.2 (0.9) years at the early adolescence visit. In adjusted analyses, children born to mothers in the highest (vs lowest) quartile of DII had slower decrease in BMI z scores (β, 0.03 SD units/y; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05 SD units/y), and faster adiposity gain (eg, BIA total FMI β, 0.11 kg/m2/y; 95% CI, 0.03-0.19 kg/m2/y) over time. Associations of prenatal DII quartiles with childhood adiposity were stronger (eg, BIA total FMI quartile 4 vs quartile 1 change in β, 1.40 kg/m2; 95% CI, 0.21-2.59 kg/m2) among children of mothers with high vs low EPDS scores in pregnancy, although EPDS scores did not modify the change over time. Associations of prenatal DII with adiposity change over time, however, were greater among children whose mothers lived in neighborhoods with a high (BIA percentage body fat: β, 0.55% per year; 95% CI, 0.04%-1.07% per year) vs low (β, 0.13% per year; 95% CI, -0.20 to 0.46% per year), percentage of racial and ethnic minorities, and residents with limited English-language proficiency. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study suggest that it may be useful to simultaneously evaluate prenatal diet and psychosocial stress in women as targets for interventions intended to prevent excess childhood adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Monthé-Drèze
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Izzuddin M. Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - James R. Hebert
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarbattama Sen
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Maykondo BK, Horwood C, Haskins L, Mapumulo S, Mapatano MA, Kilola BM, Mokanisa MB, Hatloy A, John VM, Bitadi PMBW. A qualitative study to explore dietary knowledge, beliefs, and practices among pregnant women in a rural health zone in the Democratic Republic of Congo. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION AND NUTRITION 2022; 41:51. [DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A nutritious and healthy diet during pregnancy is essential for the health of both mother and baby. Inadequate dietary intake during pregnancy contributes to maternal malnutrition and can have lifelong effects on the health of the child. Maternal malnutrition is common in many low-income countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Kwango province, DRC, has a high prevalence of malnutrition among all population groups, including macro and micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women. The study aimed to explore the dietary knowledge and practices of a pregnant woman in this area.
Methods
This study adopted a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews (IDIs) with pregnant women and key informants, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with fathers and grandmothers in the community, to explore women’s knowledge and practice about diet during pregnancy. Data were collected between January and April 2018. IDIs were conducted with pregnant women who were recruited at antenatal clinics during their second and third trimesters. IDIs were undertaken with selected key informants, who were health workers providing care to pregnant women, and included doctors, nurses, nutritionists, and community health workers. All IDIs and FGDs were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated to English. The triangulation method and thematic analyses were used.
Results
Overall, women showed good general knowledge about nutrition and the need for increased and varied foods during pregnancy, but little technical knowledge about nutrients and sources of nutrition. Healthcare facilities, media, NGOs, and family members were the main sources of nutritional information. However, women were unable to put this knowledge into practice, primarily due to poverty and poor access to a variety of foods. The Popokabaka community accessed food from farming, fishing, and the market, although purchasing food was frequently unaffordable. Cassava flour was the most common daily food. Food taboos, traditional practices, and late ANC attendance were identified as factors that influenced dietary practices.
Conclusions
Various social, economic, and environmental factors within the local community influenced dietary practices among pregnant women in rural DRC. A comprehensive approach is required to improve nutrition, and address food insecurity, cultural practices and improve the health outcomes of both mother and child.
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Sheth VG, Sharma N, Kabeer SW, Tikoo K. Lactobacillus rhamnosus supplementation ameliorates high fat diet-induced epigenetic alterations and prevents its intergenerational inheritance. Life Sci 2022; 311:121151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Maternal Microbiota Modulate a Fragile X-like Syndrome in Offspring Mice. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081409. [PMID: 36011319 PMCID: PMC9407566 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in adverse postnatal health conditions in offspring, such as obesity, cancer, and neurological disorders. We observed that the progeny of mice fed a Westernized diet (WD) with low fiber and extra fat exhibited higher frequencies of stereotypy, hyperactivity, cranial features and lower FMRP protein expression, similar to what is typically observed in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) in humans. We hypothesized that gut dysbiosis and inflammation during pregnancy influenced the prenatal uterine environment, leading to abnormal phenotypes in offspring. We found that oral in utero supplementation with a beneficial anti-inflammatory probiotic microbe, Lactobacillus reuteri, was sufficient to inhibit FXS-like phenotypes in offspring mice. Cytokine profiles in the pregnant WD females showed that their circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (Il)-17 were increased relative to matched gravid mice and to those given supplementary L. reuteri probiotic. To test our hypothesis of prenatal contributions to this neurodevelopmental phenotype, we performed Caesarian (C-section) births using dissimilar foster mothers to eliminate effects of maternal microbiota transferred during vaginal delivery or nursing after birth. We found that foster-reared offspring still displayed a high frequency of these FXS-like features, indicating significant in utero contributions. In contrast, matched foster-reared progeny of L. reuteri-treated mothers did not exhibit the FXS-like typical features, supporting a key role for microbiota during pregnancy. Our findings suggest that diet-induced dysbiosis in the prenatal uterine environment is strongly associated with the incidence of this neurological phenotype in progeny but can be alleviated by addressing gut dysbiosis through probiotic supplementation.
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Differential Methylation Profile in Fragile X Syndrome-Prone Offspring Mice after in Utero Exposure to Lactobacillus Reuteri. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081300. [PMID: 35893036 PMCID: PMC9331364 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors such as diet, gut microbiota, and infections have proven to have a significant role in epigenetic modifications. It is known that epigenetic modifications may cause behavioral and neuronal changes observed in neurodevelopmental disabilities, including fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism (ASD). Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed, and in some cases are shown to decrease the chance of developing neurological disorders. Here, we examined the epigenetic outcomes in offspring mice after feeding of a probiotic organism, Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), to pregnant mother animals. In this study, we tested a cohort of Western diet-fed descendant mice exhibiting a high frequency of behavioral features and lower FMRP protein expression similar to what is observed in FXS in humans (described in a companion manuscript in this same GENES special topic issue). By investigating 17,735 CpG sites spanning the whole mouse genome, we characterized the epigenetic profile in two cohorts of mice descended from mothers treated and non-treated with L. reuteri to determine the effect of prenatal probiotic exposure on the prevention of FXS-like symptoms. We found several genes involved in different neurological pathways being differentially methylated (p ≤ 0.05) between the cohorts. Among the key functions, synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptic modulation, synaptic transmission, reelin signaling pathway, promotion of specification and maturation of neurons, and long-term potentiation were observed. The results of this study are relevant as they could lead to a better understanding of the pathways involved in these disorders, to novel therapeutics approaches, and to the identification of potential biomarkers for early detection of these conditions.
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Guiomar de Almeida Brasiel P, Cristina Potente Dutra Luquetti S, Dutra Medeiros J, Otavio do Amaral Corrêa J, Barbosa Ferreira Machado A, Paula Boroni Moreira A, Novaes Rocha V, Teodoro de Souza C, do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio M. Kefir modulates gut microbiota and reduces DMH-associated colorectal cancer via regulation of intestinal inflammation in adulthood offsprings programmed by neonatal overfeeding. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110708. [PMID: 35181109 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, intestinal dysbiosis, and colorectal cancer risk. The anti-cancer effects of kefir are highlighted. Here, lactating Wistar rats were divided into: Normal litter (NL); Kefir normal litter (KNL); Small litter (SL); Kefir small litter (KSL). The NL and SL groups received 1 mL of water/day; KNL and KSL received kefir milk daily (108 CFU/mL) during lactation. After weaning, the pups continued to receive the same treatments until 60 days. At 67 days old, colorectal carcinogenesis was induced through intraperitoneal injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. At 240 days, visceral adipose tissue was higher in SL compared to NL, KNL, and KSL. Kefir intake was found to suppress the number of tumors in both KNL and KSL groups (-100% and -71.43%; p < 0.01, respectively). IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NO levels in the colon were higher in the NL and SL compared to the KNL and KSL. The gut microbiota in cecal samples of SL was enriched with Alloprevotella, Acinetobacter, and Bacteroides. In contrast, the cecal contents of KSL and KNL were higher Romboutsia. Thus, neonatal overfeeding leads to greater adiposity, inflammation and number of colon tumors in adulthood. Early-life nutrition based on kefir reverted these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julliane Dutra Medeiros
- Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Mato Grosso State University, Alta Floresta, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vinícius Novaes Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Claudio Teodoro de Souza
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Thompson M, Ulu A, Yuil-Valdes AG, Mukherjee M, Thoene M, Van Ormer M, Slotkowski R, Lyden E, Anderson Berry A, Hanson CK, Nordgren TM, Natarajan SK. Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Oxylipins from the Lipoxygenase Pathway in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Plasma at Delivery and Their Relationship with Infant Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020708. [PMID: 35054892 PMCID: PMC8775763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important for neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids exert their effects is through their metabolism into oxylipins and specialized pro-resolving mediators. However, the influence of oxylipins on fetal growth is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify oxylipins present in maternal and umbilical cord plasma and investigate their relationship with infant growth. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify oxylipin levels in plasma collected at the time of delivery. Spearman's correlations highlighted significant correlations between metabolite levels and infant growth. They were then adjusted for maternal obesity (normal body mass index (BMI: ≤30 kg/m2) vs. obese BMI (>30 kg/m2) and smoking status (never vs. current/former smoker) using linear regression modeling. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Our study demonstrated a diverse panel of oxylipins from the lipoxygenase pathway present at the time of delivery. In addition, both omega-3 and omega-6 oxylipins demonstrated potential influences on the birth length and weight percentiles. The oxylipins present during pregnancy may influence fetal growth and development, suggesting potential metabolites to be used as biomarkers for infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maranda Thompson
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.U.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Ana G. Yuil-Valdes
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Maheswari Mukherjee
- Cytotechnology Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Rebecca Slotkowski
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Lyden
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Ann Anderson Berry
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Corrine K. Hanson
- Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Profession, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Tara M. Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.U.); (T.M.N.)
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-805-7520
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Abstract
The intestinal tract is the entry gate for nutrients and symbiotic organisms, being in constant contact with external environment. DNA methylation is one of the keys to how environmental conditions, diet and nutritional status included, shape functionality in the gut and systemically. This review aims to summarise findings on the importance of methylation to gut development, differentiation and function. Evidence to date on how external factors such as diet, dietary supplements, nutritional status and microbiota modifications modulate intestinal function through DNA methylation is also presented.
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Beleza J, Stevanović-Silva J, Coxito P, Costa RC, Ascensão A, Torrella JR, Magalhães J. Building-up fit muscles for the future: Transgenerational programming of skeletal muscle through physical exercise. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13515. [PMID: 33580562 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
'Special issue - In Utero and Early Life Programming of Aging and Disease'. Skeletal muscle (SM) adaptations to physical exercise (PE) have been extensively studied due, not only to the relevance of its in situ plasticity, but also to the SM endocrine-like effects in noncontractile tissues, such as brain, liver or adipocytes. Regular PE has been considered a pleiotropic nonpharmacological strategy to prevent and counteract the deleterious consequences of several metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, PE performed by parents seems to have a direct impact in the offspring through the transgenerational programming of different tissues, such as SM. In fact, SM offspring programming mechanisms seems to be orchestrated, at least in part, by epigenetic machinery conditioning transcriptional or post-transcriptional processes. Ultimately, PE performed in the early in life is also a critical window of opportunity to positively modulate the juvenile and adult phenotype. Parental PE has a positive impact in several health-related offspring outcomes, such as SM metabolism, differentiation, morphology and ultimately in offspring exercise volition and endurance. Also, early-life PE counteracts conceptional-related adverse effects and induces long-lasting healthy benefits throughout adulthood. Additionally, epigenetics mechanisms seem to play a key role in the PE-induced SM adaptations. Despite the undoubtedly positive role of parental and early-life PE on SM phenotype, a strong research effort is still needed to better understand the mechanisms that positively regulate PE-induced SM programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jelena Stevanović-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Carlos Costa
- Department of Communication and Art, Research Institute for Design, Media and Culture (ID+), Aveiro University, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joan Ramon Torrella
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Rafat D, Singh S, Nawab T, Khan F, Khan AU, Khalid S. Association of vaginal dysbiosis and gestational diabetes mellitus with adverse perinatal outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 158:70-78. [PMID: 34561861 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and is an independent risk factor for vaginal dysbiosis. Understanding the vaginal microbiota in health and disease is essential to screen, detect, and manage complications of pregnancy. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to assess and compare vaginal dysbiosis in pregnancy in women with and without GDM and examine its impact on perinatal outcomes in our population. METHODS The present study was a prospective cohort study recruiting pregnant women. The subjects were divided into two groups (GDM and non-GDM) and were followed until delivery to assess fetomaternal outcomes. Vaginal samples were collected at 24-28 weeks and 34-38 weeks for Nugent scoring and determination of bacterial and fungal species. RESULTS The study recruited 502 pregnant women, with a final assessment of 320 mother-infant pairs (GDM n = 134; non-GDM n = 186). We found a significant association of vaginal dysbiosis with GDM and adverse perinatal outcomes. Significant differences were also seen in status of infection and its trimester-wise changes in relation to hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION By defining an association of vaginal dysbiosis with GDM and its correlation with perinatal outcomes, the present study calls for exploitation of this potential association as a new target in the prevention and treatment of GDM and in alleviating their undesired maternal and infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Rafat
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tabassum Nawab
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shamsi Khalid
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tsosura TVS, Mattera MSDLC, Chiba FY, Carnevali ACN, Belardi BE, Dos Santos RM, Cintra LTA, Lopes FL, Scaramele NF, Matsushita DH. Effect of maternal apical periodontitis on the final step of insulin signalling and inflammatory pathway in the adult male offspring of rats. Int Endod J 2021; 54:2113-2124. [PMID: 34389996 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the final step of insulin signalling, inflammatory pathway (related to the inhibition of insulin signalling), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) protein content and DNA methylation in the Slc2a4 gene promoter region in the skeletal muscle of adult male offspring of rats with apical periodontitis (AP) in a single tooth or in four teeth. METHODOLOGY Female Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: a control group, a group with one tooth with AP and a group with four teeth with AP. Thirty days after induction of AP, female rats from all groups were mated with healthy male rats. When male offspring reached 75 days of age, the following analyses were performed in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM): insulin-stimulated Akt serine and threonine phosphorylation status; NF-κB p50 and p65 subunits phosphorylation status; GLUT4, TNF-α and PGC-1α protein content by Western blotting; GLUT4 and TNF-α gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and DNA methylation in the Slc2a4 gene promoter region by restriction digestion and real-time PCR. Analysis of variance was performed, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. p values <.05 were considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS Maternal AP in four teeth decreased insulin-stimulated Akt serine and threonine phosphorylation status, reduced GLUT4 gene expression and its protein content, and increased NF-κB p50 and p65 subunits phosphorylation status in the GM of adult offspring. There were no alterations in the parameters analysed in the GM of adult offspring of rats with AP in a single tooth. In addition, maternal AP did not affect TNF-α gene expression and its protein content, PGC-1α protein content and DNA methylation in the Slc2a4 gene promoter region in the GM of adult offspring. CONCLUSIONS Maternal AP in four teeth was associated with impairment in the final step of insulin signalling in the GM of adult male offspring in rats. An increase in NF-κB activity may be involved in this decrease in insulin signalling. This study demonstrates the impact of maternal AP on the health of offspring, demonstrating the importance of maintaining adequate maternal oral health to prevent diseases in adult offspring in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Verônica Saori Tsosura
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Yamamoto Chiba
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Elvira Belardi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Martins Dos Santos
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lombardi Lopes
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Natália Francisco Scaramele
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Doris Hissako Matsushita
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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15
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Renzini A, Riera CS, Minic I, D’Ercole C, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Cedola A, Gigli G, Moresi V, Madaro L. Metabolic Remodeling in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy as a Therapeutic Target. Metabolites 2021; 11:517. [PMID: 34436458 PMCID: PMC8398298 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly responsive tissue, able to remodel its size and metabolism in response to external demand. Muscle fibers can vary from fast glycolytic to slow oxidative, and their frequency in a specific muscle is tightly regulated by fiber maturation, innervation, or external causes. Atrophic conditions, including aging, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cancer-induced cachexia, differ in the causative factors and molecular signaling leading to muscle wasting; nevertheless, all of these conditions are characterized by metabolic remodeling, which contributes to the pathological progression of muscle atrophy. Here, we discuss how changes in muscle metabolism can be used as a therapeutic target and review the evidence in support of nutritional interventions and/or physical exercise as tools for counteracting muscle wasting in atrophic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Carles Sánchez Riera
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Isidora Minic
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara D’Ercole
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luca Madaro
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
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16
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Akerele OA, Manning SJ, Dixon SE, Lacey AE, Cheema SK. Maternal omega-3 fatty acids maintained positive maternal lipids and cytokines profile, and improved pregnancy outcomes of C57BL/6 mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108813. [PMID: 34242722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation; however, the regulation of maternal lipid metabolism and cytokines profile by n-3 PUFA during different gestation stages, and its impact on fetal sustainability is not known. We investigated the effects of maternal diet varying in n-3 PUFA prior to, and during gestation, on maternal metabolic profile, placental inflammatory cytokines, and fetal outcomes. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high, low or very low (9, 3 or 1% w/w n-3 PUFA) diet, containing n-6:n-3 PUFA of 5:1, 20:1 and 40:1, respectively for two weeks before mating, and throughout pregnancy. Animals were sacrificed prior to mating (NP), and during pregnancy at gestation days 6.5, 12.5 and 18.5. Maternal metabolic profile, placental cytokines and fetal outcomes were determined. Our results show for the first time that a maternal diet high in n-3 PUFA prevented dyslipidemia in NP mice, and maintained the expected lipid profile during pregnancy. However, females fed the very low n-3 PUFA diet became hyperlipidemic prior to pregnancy, and carried this profile into pregnancy. Maternal diet high in n-3 PUFA maintained maternal plasma progesterone and placental pro-inflammatory cytokines profile, and sustained fetal numbers throughout pregnancy, while females fed the low and very-low n-3 PUFA diet had fewer fetuses. Our findings demonstrate the importance of maternal diet before, and during pregnancy, to maintain maternal metabolic profile and fetus sustainability. These findings are important when designing dietary strategies to optimize maternal metabolism during pregnancy for successful pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatunji Anthony Akerele
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Sarah Jane Manning
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Sarah Emily Dixon
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Amelia Estelle Lacey
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Sukhinder Kaur Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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17
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Monthé-Drèze C, Rifas-Shiman SL, Aris IM, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Sen S, Oken E. Maternal diet in pregnancy is associated with differences in child body mass index trajectories from birth to adolescence. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:895-904. [PMID: 33721014 PMCID: PMC8023853 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition in pregnancy and accelerated childhood growth are important predictors of obesity risk. Yet, it is unknown which dietary patterns in pregnancy are associated with accelerated growth and whether there are specific periods from birth to adolescence that are most sensitive to these associations. OBJECTIVES To examine the extent to which 3 dietary indices in pregnancy [Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P), and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS)] are associated with child BMI z-score (BMI-z) trajectories from birth to adolescence. METHODS We examined 1459 mother-child dyads from Project Viva that had FFQ data in pregnancy and ≥3 child BMI-z measurements between birth and adolescence. We used linear spline mixed-effects models to examine whether BMI-z growth rates and BMI z-scores differed by quartile of each dietary index from birth to 1 mo, 1-6 mo, 6 mo to 3 y, 3-10 y, and >10 y. RESULTS The means ± SDs for DII (range, -9 to +8 units), AHEI-P (range, 0-90 points), and MDS (range, 0-9 points) were -2.6 ± 1.4 units, 61 ± 10 points, and 4.6 ± 2.0 points, respectively. In adjusted models, children of women in the highest (vs. lowest) DII quartile had higher BMI-z growth rates between 3-10 y (β, 0.03 SD units/y; 95% CI: 0.00-0.06) and higher BMI z-scores from 7 y through 10 y. Children of women with low adherence to a Mediterranean diet had higher BMI z-scores from 3 y through 15 y. Associations of AHEI-P with growth rates and BMI z-scores from birth through adolescence were null. CONCLUSIONS A higher DII and a lower MDS in pregnancy, but not AHEI-P results, are associated with higher BMI-z trajectories during distinct growth periods from birth through adolescence. Identifying the specific dietary patterns in pregnancy associated with rapid weight gain in children could inform strategies to reduce child obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James R Hebert
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sarbattama Sen
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Sofiabadi M, Zarbaf R, Abdolahpour A, Koushki Jahromi M, Peymani A, Khosravi N. Effect of exercise training before mating on mRNA expression of breast cancer-related genes in offspring in rats. Sci Sports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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19
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Early life fluoxetine treatment causes long-term lean phenotype in skeletal muscle of rats exposed to maternal lard-based high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110727. [PMID: 32927255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a concern about early life exposure to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) in child development and motor system maturation. Little is known, however, about the interaction of environmental factors, such as maternal nutrition, associated with early exposure to SSRI. The increased maternal consumption of high-fat diets is worrisome and affects serotonin system development with repercussions in body phenotype. This study aimed to assess the short- and long-term effects of neonatal fluoxetine treatment on the body and skeletal muscle phenotype of rats exposed to a maternal lard-based high-fat (H) diet during the perinatal period. A maternal lard-based high-fat diet causes reduced birth weight, a short-term reduction in type IIA fibers in the soleus muscle, and in type IIB fibers in the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscle, reducing Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in both muscles. In the long-term, the soleus showed reduced muscle weight, smaller area and perimeter of muscle fibers, while the EDL muscle showed reduced Citrate Synthase (CS) activity in offspring from the rats on the maternal lard-based high-fat diet. Early-life exposure to fluoxetine reduced body weight and growth and reduced soleus weight and enzymatic activity in young rats. Exposure to neonatal fluoxetine in adult rats caused a decreased body mass index, less food intake, and reduced muscle weight with reduced CS and LDH activity. Neonatal fluoxetine in young rats exposed to a maternal lard-based high-fat diet caused reduced body weight and growth, reduced soleus weight as well as area and perimeter of type I muscle fibers. In adulthood, there was a reduction in food intake, increased proportion of IIA type fibers, reduced area and perimeter of type IIB, and reduction in levels of CS activity in EDL muscle. Neonatal fluoxetine treatment in rats exposed to a maternal lard-based, high-fat diet induces a reduction in muscle weight, an increase in the proportion of oxidative fibers and greater oxidative enzymatic activity in adulthood.
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20
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Placental Adaptive Changes to Protect Function and Decrease Oxidative Damage in Metabolically Healthy Maternal Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090794. [PMID: 32859037 PMCID: PMC7555720 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-related disorders, including preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, are characterized by the presence of an adverse intrauterine milieu that may ultimately result in oxidative and nitrosative stress. This scenario may trigger uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O●−) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO), along with an inactivation of antioxidant systems, which are associated with the occurrence of relevant changes in placental function through recognized redox post-translational modifications in key proteins. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of a maternal obesogenic enviroment on the regulation of the placental nitroso-redox balance at the end of pregnancy. We measured oxidative damage markers—thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) and carbonyl groups (C=O) levels; nitrosative stress markers—inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrosothiol groups, and nitrotyrosine residues levels; and the antioxidant biomarkers—catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in full-term placental villous from both pre-pregnancy normal weight and obese women, and with absence of metabolic complications throughout gestation. The results showed a decrease in C=O and TBARS levels in obese pregnancies. Although total SOD and catalase concentrations were shown to be increased, both activities were significantly downregulated in obese pregnancies, along with total antioxidant capacity. Inducible nitric oxide sintase levels were increased in the obese group compared to the lean group, accompanied by an increase in nitrotyrosine residues levels and lower levels of nitrosothiol groups in proteins such as ERK1/2. These findings reveal a reduction in oxidative damage, accompanied by a decline in antioxidant response, and an increase via NO-mediated nitrative stress in placental tissue from metabolically healthy pregnancies with obesity. All this plausibly points to a placental adaptation of the affected antioxidant response towards a NO-induced alternative pathway, through changes in the ROS/RNS balance, in order to reduce oxidative damage and preserve placental function in pregnancy.
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Maternal conjugated linoleic acid consumption prevented TAG alterations induced by a high-fat diet in male adult rat offspring. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:286-295. [PMID: 32234086 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutritional programming by a high-fat (HF) diet is related to hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis in offspring. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) might ameliorate impaired hepatic lipid homoeostasis; therefore, the aim was to investigate the potential preventive effect of maternal CLA consumption on TAG metabolism alterations induced by HF diets in adult male rat offspring receiving or not receiving CLA. Female Wistar rats were fed a control (C) diet, HF diet or HF diet supplemented with CLA (HF+CLA) for 4 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, for 9 weeks, male offspring of C or HF rats continued with the same diets as their mothers (C/C or HF/HF groups, respectively) and male offspring of HF+CLA rats were fed HF or HF+CLA diets (HF+CLA/HF or HF+CLA/HF+CLA groups, respectively). Nutritional parameters, serum and liver TAG levels, the TAG secretion rate (TAG-SR) and the activities as well as gene expression of key hepatic enzymes involved in TAG regulation were assessed. The most interesting results were that maternal CLA decreased epididymal white adipose tissue weight and prevented serum and liver TAG accumulation induced by a HF diet in adult male offspring receiving or not receiving CLA. The prevention of liver steatosis in HF+CLA/HF+CLA and HF+CLA/HF offspring was associated with an increased hepatic TAG-SR. Overall, this study provides evidence that maternal CLA consumption programmes TAG regulation and in this way contributes to lowering lipid levels in tissues and preventing liver steatosis in particular.
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22
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Lindsay KL, Entringer S, Buss C, Wadhwa PD. Intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment on offspring obesity risk: A fetal programming perspective. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 116:104659. [PMID: 32240906 PMCID: PMC7293953 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity constitutes a major global public health challenge. A substantial body of evidence suggests that conditions and states experienced by the embryo/fetus in utero can result in structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, organ systems and homeostatic set points related to obesity. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that maternal conditions and states experienced prior to conception, such as stress, obesity and metabolic dysfunction, may spill over into pregnancy and influence those key aspects of gestational biology that program offspring obesity risk. In this narrative review, we advance a novel hypothesis and life-span framework to propose that maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment may constitute an important and as-yet-underappreciated risk factor implicated in developmental programming of offspring obesity risk via the long-term psychological, biological and behavioral sequelae of childhood maltreatment exposure. In this context, our framework considers the key role of maternal-placental-fetal endocrine, immune and metabolic pathways and also other processes including epigenetics, oocyte mitochondrial biology, and the maternal and infant microbiomes. Finally, our paper discusses future research directions required to elucidate the nature and mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal childhood maltreatment on offspring obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Lindsay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Departments of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Departments of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Departments of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, California 92697, U.S.A,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; UCI Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA.
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23
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Greco EA, Lenzi A, Migliaccio S, Gessani S. Epigenetic Modifications Induced by Nutrients in Early Life Phases: Gender Differences in Metabolic Alteration in Adulthood. Front Genet 2019; 10:795. [PMID: 31572434 PMCID: PMC6749846 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic chronic diseases, also named noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), are considered multifactorial pathologies, which are dramatically increased during the last decades. Noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases markedly increase morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic costs. Moreover, NCDs induce several and complex clinical manifestations that lead to a gradual deterioration of health status and quality of life of affected individuals. Multiple factors are involved in the development and progression of these diseases such as sedentary behavior, smoking, pollution, and unhealthy diet. Indeed, nutrition has a pivotal role in maintaining health, and dietary imbalances represent major determinants favoring chronic diseases through metabolic homeostasis alterations. In particular, it appears that specific nutrients and adequate nutrition are important in all periods of life, but they are essential during specific times in early life such as prenatal and postnatal phases. Indeed, epidemiologic and experimental studies report the deleterious effects of an incorrect nutrition on health status several decades later in life. During the last decade, a growing interest on the possible role of epigenetic mechanisms as link between nutritional imbalances and NCDs development has been observed. Finally, because of the pivotal role of the hormones in fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism regulation throughout life, it is expected that any hormonal modification of these processes can imbalance metabolism and fat storage. Therefore, a particular interest to several chemicals able to act as endocrine disruptors has been recently developed. In this review, we will provide an overview and discuss the epigenetic role of some specific nutrients and chemicals in the modulation of physiological and pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela A Greco
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Sciences, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Sciences, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Gadecka A, Bielak-Zmijewska A. Slowing Down Ageing: The Role of Nutrients and Microbiota in Modulation of the Epigenome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061251. [PMID: 31159371 PMCID: PMC6628342 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human population is getting ageing. Both ageing and age-related diseases are correlated with an increased number of senescent cells in the organism. Senescent cells do not divide but are metabolically active and influence their environment by secreting many proteins due to a phenomenon known as senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cells differ from young cells by several features. They possess more damaged DNA, more impaired mitochondria and an increased level of free radicals that cause the oxidation of macromolecules. However, not only biochemical and structural changes are related to senescence. Senescent cells have an altered chromatin structure, and in consequence, altered gene expression. With age, the level of heterochromatin decreases, and less condensed chromatin is more prone to DNA damage. On the one hand, some gene promoters are easily available for the transcriptional machinery; on the other hand, some genes are more protected (locally increased level of heterochromatin). The structure of chromatin is precisely regulated by the epigenetic modification of DNA and posttranslational modification of histones. The methylation of DNA inhibits transcription, histone methylation mostly leads to a more condensed chromatin structure (with some exceptions) and acetylation plays an opposing role. The modification of both DNA and histones is regulated by factors present in the diet. This means that compounds contained in daily food can alter gene expression and protect cells from senescence, and therefore protect the organism from ageing. An opinion prevailed for some time that compounds from the diet do not act through direct regulation of the processes in the organism but through modification of the physiology of the microbiome. In this review we try to explain the role of some food compounds, which by acting on the epigenetic level might protect the organism from age-related diseases and slow down ageing. We also try to shed some light on the role of microbiome in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gadecka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Bielak-Zmijewska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Supplementing Genistein for Breeder Hens Alters the Fatty Acid Metabolism and Growth Performance of Offsprings by Epigenetic Modification. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9214209. [PMID: 31049141 PMCID: PMC6458848 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9214209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was designed to clarify the effect and molecular mechanism of maternal genistein (GEN) on the lipid metabolism and developmental growth of offspring chicks. Laying broiler breeder (LBB) hens were supplemented with 40 mg/kg genistein (GEN), while the control group was fed with the low-soybean meal diet. The offspring chicks were grouped according to the mother generation with 8 replicates each. Hepatic transcriptome data revealed 3915 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P adjusted < 0.05, fold change > 1.5 or fold change < 0.67) between chicks in the two groups. Maternal GEN activated the GH-IGF1-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which promoted the developmental processes and cellular amino acid metabolic processes, as well as inhibited the apoptotic process. GEN treatment significantly increased the weight gain, breast muscle percentage, and liver index in chicks. PANTHER clustering analysis suggested that maternal GEN enhanced the antioxidant activity of chicks by the upregulation of gene (SOD3, MT1, and MT4) expression. Accordingly, the activities of T-AOC and T-SOD in the liver were increased after GEN treatment. The overrepresentation tests revealed that maternal GEN influenced the glycolysis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, acyl-coenzyme A metabolism, lipid transport, and cholesterol metabolism in the chick livers. Hepatic cholesterol and long-chain fatty acid were significantly decreased after GEN treatment. However, the level of arachidonic acid was higher in the livers of the GEN-treated group compared with the CON group. Moreover, GEN treatment enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation and upregulated PPARδ expression in the chick liver. ChIP-qPCR analysis indicated that maternal GEN might induce histone H3-K36 trimethylation in the promoter region of PPARδ gene (PPARD) through Iws1, methyltransferases. It also induced histone H4-K12 acetylation at the PPARD promoter through MYST2, which activated the PPAR signaling pathways in the chick livers. In summary, supplementing LBB hens with GEN can alter lipid metabolism in the offspring chicks through epigenetic modification and improve the antioxidative capability as well as growth performance.
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Yeruva T, Lee CH. Regulation of Vaginal Microbiome by Nitric Oxide. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:17-31. [PMID: 30727888 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190207092850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the composition and regulation of vaginal microbiome that displays an apparent microbial diversity and interacts with other microbiota in the body are presented. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of vaginal microflora in which lactobacillus species typically dominate has been delineated from the perspective of maintaining gynecologic ecosystem and prevention of onset of bacteriostatic vaginosis (BV) and/or sexually transmitted diseases (STD) including HIV-1 transmission. The interactions between NO and vaginal microbiome and its influence on the levels of Lactobacillus, hormones and other components are described. The recent progress, such as NO drugs, probiotic Lactobacilli and Lactobacillus microbots, that can be explored to alleviate abnormality of vagina microbiome, is also discussed. An identification of Oral-GI-Vagina axis, as well as the relationship between NO and Lactobacillus regulation in the healthy or pathological status of vagina microbiome, surely offers the advanced drug delivery option against BV or STD including AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taj Yeruva
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, 64108, United States
| | - Chi H Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, 64108, United States
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Gongol B, Sari I, Bryant T, Rosete G, Marin T. AMPK: An Epigenetic Landscape Modulator. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103238. [PMID: 30347687 PMCID: PMC6214086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated by AMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a central role in the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and cellular survival. AMPK regulates a diverse set of signaling networks that converge to epigenetically mediate transcriptional events. Reversible histone and DNA modifications, such as acetylation and methylation, result in structural chromatin alterations that influence transcriptional machinery access to genomic regulatory elements. The orchestration of these epigenetic events differentiates physiological from pathophysiological phenotypes. AMPK phosphorylation of histones, DNA methyltransferases and histone post-translational modifiers establish AMPK as a key player in epigenetic regulation. This review focuses on the role of AMPK as a mediator of cellular survival through its regulation of chromatin remodeling and the implications this has for health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Gongol
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Indah Sari
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Tiffany Bryant
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Geraldine Rosete
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Traci Marin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Health Sciences, Victor Valley College, Victorville, CA 92395, USA.
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Effect of neonatal orally administered S-allyl cysteine in high-fructose diet fed Wistar rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 9:160-171. [PMID: 29151399 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
S-allyl cysteine (SAC) has antioxidant, antidiabetic and antiobesity properties. We hypothesized that neonatal oral administration of SAC would protect rats against neonatal and adulthood high-fructose diet-induced adverse metabolic outcomes in adulthood. In total, 112 (males=56; females=56), 4-day-old Wistar rat pups were randomly allocated to groups and administered the following treatment regimens daily for 15 days from postnatal day (PND) 6-20: group I - 10 ml/kg distilled water, group II - 10 ml/kg 20% fructose solution (FS), group III - 150 mg/kg SAC and group IV - SAC+FS. On PND 21, the pups were weaned and allowed to grow on a standard rat chow (SRC) until PND 56. The rats from each treatment regimen were then randomly split into two subgroups: one on a SRC and plain drinking water and another on SRC and 20% FS as drinking fluid and then subjected to these treatment regimens for 8 weeks after which they were euthanized and tissues collected for analyzes. Neonatal oral administration of SAC attenuated the neonatal high-fructose diet-induced programming for hepatic lipid accretion in adulthood but not against adulthood high-fructose diet-induced visceral obesity. Neonatal oral administration of SAC programmes for protection against neonatal fructose-induced programming for hepatic lipid accumulation thus could potentially protect against fat-mediated liver derangements in adult life.
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Grazioli E, Dimauro I, Mercatelli N, Wang G, Pitsiladis Y, Di Luigi L, Caporossi D. Physical activity in the prevention of human diseases: role of epigenetic modifications. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:802. [PMID: 29143608 PMCID: PMC5688489 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification refers to heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by alterations in the DNA sequence. The current literature clearly demonstrates that the epigenetic response is highly dynamic and influenced by different biological and environmental factors such as aging, nutrient availability and physical exercise. As such, it is well accepted that physical activity and exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic alternations although the type and duration of exercise eliciting specific epigenetic effects that can result in health benefits and prevent chronic diseases remains to be determined. This review highlights the most significant findings from epigenetic studies involving physical activity/exercise interventions known to benefit chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Grazioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Neri Mercatelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Guan Wang
- FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.,FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
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Seki Y, Suzuki M, Guo X, Glenn AS, Vuguin PM, Fiallo A, Du Q, Ko YA, Yu Y, Susztak K, Zheng D, Greally JM, Katz EB, Charron MJ. In Utero Exposure to a High-Fat Diet Programs Hepatic Hypermethylation and Gene Dysregulation and Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2860-2872. [PMID: 28911167 PMCID: PMC5659663 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a high-fat (HF) diet in utero is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome later in life. However, the molecular basis of this enhanced susceptibility for metabolic disease is poorly understood. Gene expression microarray and genome-wide DNA methylation analyses of mouse liver revealed that exposure to a maternal HF milieu activated genes of immune response, inflammation, and hepatic dysfunction. DNA methylation analysis revealed 3360 differentially methylated loci, most of which (76%) were hypermethylated and distributed preferentially to hotspots on chromosomes 4 [atherosclerosis susceptibility quantitative trait loci (QTLs) 1] and 18 (insulin-dependent susceptibility QTLs 21). Interestingly, we found six differentially methylated genes within these hotspot QTLs associated with metabolic disease that maintain altered gene expression into adulthood (Arhgef19, Epha2, Zbtb17/Miz-1, Camta1 downregulated; and Ccdc11 and Txnl4a upregulated). Most of the hypermethylated genes in these hotspots are associated with cardiovascular system development and function. There were 140 differentially methylated genes that showed a 1.5-fold increase or decrease in messenger RNA levels. Many of these genes play a role in cell signaling pathways associated with metabolic disease. Of these, metalloproteinase 9, whose dysregulation plays a key role in diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, was upregulated 1.75-fold and hypermethylated in the gene body. In summary, exposure to a maternal HF diet causes DNA hypermethylation, which is associated with long-term gene expression changes in the liver of exposed offspring, potentially contributing to programmed development of metabolic disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Seki
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Alan Scott Glenn
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Patricia M. Vuguin
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Ariana Fiallo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Yiting Yu
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - John M. Greally
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Ellen B. Katz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Maureen J. Charron
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Dutta S, Hazarika RD, Banerjee S, Anwar F, Rao S. Protein quality in early infancy and long-term health outcomes. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Banik A, Kandilya D, Ramya S, Stünkel W, Chong YS, Dheen ST. Maternal Factors that Induce Epigenetic Changes Contribute to Neurological Disorders in Offspring. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E150. [PMID: 28538662 PMCID: PMC5485514 DOI: 10.3390/genes8060150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the regulation of epigenetic factors, including chromatic reorganization, histone modifications, DNA methylation, and miRNA regulation, is critical for the normal development and functioning of the human brain. There are a number of maternal factors influencing epigenetic pathways such as lifestyle, including diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking, as well as age and infections (viral or bacterial). Genetic and metabolic alterations such as obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and thyroidism alter epigenetic mechanisms, thereby contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) such as embryonic neural tube defects (NTDs), autism, Down's syndrome, Rett syndrome, and later onset of neuropsychological deficits. This review comprehensively describes the recent findings in the epigenetic landscape contributing to altered molecular profiles resulting in NDs. Furthermore, we will discuss potential avenues for future research to identify diagnostic markers and therapeutic epi-drugs to reverse these abnormalities in the brain as epigenetic marks are plastic and reversible in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Banik
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore.
| | - Deepika Kandilya
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore.
| | - Seshadri Ramya
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore.
| | - Walter Stünkel
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - S Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore.
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Karbaschi R, Zardooz H, Khodagholi F, Dargahi L, Salimi M, Rashidi F. Maternal high-fat diet intensifies the metabolic response to stress in male rat offspring. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:20. [PMID: 28261314 PMCID: PMC5329934 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mother's consumption of high-fat food can affect glucose metabolism and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness in the offspring and potentially affect the metabolic responses to stress as well. This study examines the effect of maternal high-fat diet on the expression of pancreatic glucose transporter 2 and the secretion of insulin in response to stress in offspring. METHODS Female rats were randomly divided into normal and high-fat diet groups and were fed in accordance with their given diets from pre-pregnancy to the end of lactation. The offspring were divided into control (NC and HFC) and stress (NS and HFS) groups based on their mothers' diet and exposure to stress in adulthood. After the two-week stress induction period was over, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed and plasma glucose and insulin levels were assessed. The pancreas was then removed for measuring insulin secretion from the isolated islets as well as glucose transporter 2 mRNA expression and protein levels. RESULTS According to the results obtained, plasma corticosterone concentrations increased significantly on days 1 and 14 of the stress induction period and were lower on the last day compared to on the first day. In both the NS and HFS groups, stress reduced plasma insulin concentration in the IPGTT without changing the plasma glucose concentration, suggesting an increased insulin sensitivity in the NS and HFS groups, although more markedly in the latter. Stress reduced insulin secretion (at high glucose concentrations) and increased glucose transporter 2 mRNA and protein expression, especially in the HFS group. CONCLUSION Mothers' high-fat diet appears to intensify the stress response by changing the programming of the neuroendocrine system in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Karbaschi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19615-1178 Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Zardooz
- Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19615-1178 Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19615-1178 Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Salimi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19615-1178 Tehran, Iran
| | - FatemehSadat Rashidi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake of Pregnant Women and Women of Childbearing Age in the United States: Potential for Deficiency? Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030197. [PMID: 28245632 PMCID: PMC5372860 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids play critical roles during fetal growth and development with increased intakes associated with improved maternal-fetal outcomes. Omega-3 fatty acid intake in Western diets is low, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on omega-3 fatty acid intake in pregnant women and women of childbearing age has not been reported. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2003–2012 to assess the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intake and socioeconomic factors in women of childbearing age. Out of 7266 eligible participants, 6478 were women of childbearing age, while 788 were identified as pregnant at the time of the survey. Mean EPA+DHA intake of the population was 89.0 mg with no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant women. By univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for confounders, omega-3 fatty acid intake was significantly associated with poverty-to-income ratio, race, and educational attainment. Our results demonstrate that omega-3 fatty acid intake is a concern in pregnant women and women of childbearing age in the United States, and that socioeconomically disadvantaged populations are more susceptible to potential deficiencies. Strategies to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake in these populations could have the potential to improve maternal and infant health outcomes.
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A balance of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is important in pregnancy. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Gomez-Arango LF, Barrett HL, McIntyre HD, Callaway LK, Morrison M, Dekker Nitert M. Connections Between the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Hormones in Early Pregnancy in Overweight and Obese Women. Diabetes 2016; 65:2214-23. [PMID: 27217482 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obese women are at a higher risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. The gut microbiome could modulate metabolic health and may affect insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to reveal relationships between gut microbiome composition and circulating metabolic hormones in overweight and obese pregnant women at 16 weeks' gestation. Fecal microbiota profiles from overweight (n = 29) and obese (n = 41) pregnant women were assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Fasting metabolic hormone (insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, incretin, and adipokine) concentrations were measured using multiplex ELISA. Metabolic hormone levels as well as microbiome profiles differed between overweight and obese women. Furthermore, changes in some metabolic hormone levels were correlated with alterations in the relative abundance of specific microbes. Adipokine levels were strongly correlated with Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, which are dominant families in energy metabolism. Insulin was positively correlated with the genus Collinsella. Gastrointestinal polypeptide was positively correlated with the genus Coprococcus but negatively with family Ruminococcaceae This study shows novel relationships between gut microbiome composition and the metabolic hormonal environment in overweight and obese pregnant women at 16 weeks' gestation. These results suggest that manipulation of the gut microbiome composition may influence pregnancy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Gomez-Arango
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen L Barrett
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - H David McIntyre
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leonie K Callaway
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Kwon EJ, Lee HA, You YA, Park H, Cho SJ, Ha EH, Kim YJ. DNA methylations of MC4R and HNF4α are associated with increased triglyceride levels in cord blood of preterm infants. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4590. [PMID: 27583872 PMCID: PMC5008556 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of preterm birth with obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life is well established. Although the biological mechanism for this association is poorly understood, epigenetic alterations of metabolic-related genes in early life may have important roles in metabolic dysfunction. Thus, we investigated the associations of DNA methylations of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) with metabolic profiles in cord blood of term and preterm infants.We measured metabolic profiles in cord blood samples of 85 term and 85 preterm infants. DNA methylation and mRNA expression levels of MC4R and HNF4α in cord blood cells were quantified using pyrosequencing and real-time PCR. Triglyceride (TG) levels were grouped by percentile as low (<10th percentile), mid (11th-89th percentiles), and high (>90th percentile). A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the differential effects of DNA methylation on metabolic indices in cord blood between term and preterm infants.The beta-coefficients for associations between TG levels and methylation statuses of MC4R-CpG3 and HNF4α-CpG2 in the P1 promoter differed significantly between term and preterm infants (P = 0.04 and P = 0.003, respectively). DNA methylation statuses of MC4R-CpG3 and HNF4α-CpG2 in the P1 promoter were significantly lower in preterm infants in the high-TG group compared with those in the mid- and low-TG groups (P = 0.01). Notably, preterm infants in the high-TG group had higher TG levels in cord blood than term infants in the high-TG group (60.49 vs 54.57 mg/dL). In addition, MC4R and HNF4α expression levels were higher in preterm infants than in term infants (P < 0.05).Epigenetic alterations of the newly identified genes MC4R and HNF4α in early life might contribute to metabolic profile changes, especially increased TG levels, in the cord blood of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Su Jin Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Correspondence: Young Ju Kim, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-ku, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
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Hocher B, Haumann H, Rahnenführer J, Reichetzeder C, Kalk P, Pfab T, Tsuprykov O, Winter S, Hofmann U, Li J, Püschel GP, Lang F, Schuppan D, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E. Maternal eNOS deficiency determines a fatty liver phenotype of the offspring in a sex dependent manner. Epigenetics 2016; 11:539-52. [PMID: 27175980 PMCID: PMC4939931 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1184800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal environmental factors can impact on the phenotype of the offspring via the induction of epigenetic adaptive mechanisms. The advanced fetal programming hypothesis proposes that maternal genetic variants may influence the offspring's phenotype indirectly via epigenetic modification, despite the absence of a primary genetic defect. To test this hypothesis, heterozygous female eNOS knockout mice and wild type mice were bred with male wild type mice. We then assessed the impact of maternal eNOS deficiency on the liver phenotype of wild type offspring. Birth weight of male wild type offspring born to female heterozygous eNOS knockout mice was reduced compared to offspring of wild type mice. Moreover, the offspring displayed a sex specific liver phenotype, with an increased liver weight, due to steatosis. This was accompanied by sex specific differences in expression and DNA methylation of distinct genes. Liver global DNA methylation was significantly enhanced in both male and female offspring. Also, hepatic parameters of carbohydrate metabolism were reduced in male and female offspring. In addition, male mice displayed reductions in various amino acids in the liver. Maternal genetic alterations, such as partial deletion of the eNOS gene, can affect liver metabolism of wild type offspring without transmission of the intrinsic defect. This occurs in a sex specific way, with more detrimental effects in females. This finding demonstrates that a maternal genetic defect can epigenetically alter the phenotype of the offspring, without inheritance of the defect itself. Importantly, these acquired epigenetic phenotypic changes can persist into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Hocher
- a Department of Basic Medicine , Medical College of Hunan Normal University , Changsha , China.,b Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam , Nuthetal , Germany.,c IFLb, Laboratoriumsmedizin Berlin GmbH , Berlin , Germany
| | - Hannah Haumann
- d Department of Internal Medicine IV/Nephrology (UKBF) , Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin , Berlin , Germany.,e Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Campus Mitte , Berlin , Germany
| | - Jan Rahnenführer
- b Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam , Nuthetal , Germany
| | | | - Philipp Kalk
- d Department of Internal Medicine IV/Nephrology (UKBF) , Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin , Berlin , Germany.,e Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Campus Mitte , Berlin , Germany
| | - Thiemo Pfab
- d Department of Internal Medicine IV/Nephrology (UKBF) , Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin , Berlin , Germany.,f Diaverum Deutschland , Potsdam , Germany
| | - Oleg Tsuprykov
- b Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam , Nuthetal , Germany.,e Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Campus Mitte , Berlin , Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- g Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Stuttgart , Germany.,h University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- g Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Stuttgart , Germany.,h University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Jian Li
- a Department of Basic Medicine , Medical College of Hunan Normal University , Changsha , China
| | - Gerhard P Püschel
- b Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam , Nuthetal , Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- i Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- j Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany.,k Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Matthias Schwab
- g Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Stuttgart , Germany.,l Department of Clinical Pharmacology , University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany.,m Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- g Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Stuttgart , Germany.,h University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
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The expression of genes encoding enzymes regulating fat metabolism is affected by maternal nutrition when lambs are fed algae high in omega-3. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Taghizadeh M, Alizadeh SA, Asemi Z. Effect of Daily Consumption of a Synbiotic Food on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. WOMEN’S HEALTH BULLETIN 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/whb-27195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Mansego ML, Milagro FI, Zulet MÁ, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Martínez JA. Differential DNA Methylation in Relation to Age and Health Risks of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26213922 PMCID: PMC4581172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160816816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether genome-wide levels of DNA methylation are associated with age and the health risks of obesity (HRO); defined according to BMI categories as "Low HRO" (overweight and class 1 obesity) versus "High HRO" (class 2 and class 3 obesity). Anthropometric measurements were assessed in a subsample of 48 volunteers from the Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra (RESMENA) study and 24 women from another independent study, Effects of Lipoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Human Obesity (OBEPALIP study). In the pooled population; the methylation levels of 55 CpG sites were significantly associated with age after Benjamini-Hochberg correction. In addition, DNA methylation of three CpG sites located in ELOVL2; HOXC4 and PI4KB were further negatively associated with their mRNA levels. Although no differentially methylated CpG sites were identified in relation to HRO after multiple testing correction; several nominally significant CpG sites were identified in genes related to insulin signaling; energy and lipid metabolism. Moreover, statistically significant associations between BMI or mRNA levels and two HRO-related CpG sites located in GPR133 and ITGB5 are reported. As a conclusion, these findings from two Spanish cohorts add knowledge about the important role of DNA methylation in the age-related regulation of gene expression. In addition; a relevant influence of age on DNA methylation in white blood cells was found, as well as, on a trend level, novel associations between DNA methylation and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Mansego
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Nutrition Research Center, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Nutrition Research Center, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Zulet
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Nutrition Research Center, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Nutrition Research Center, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.
| | - José Alfredo Martínez
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Nutrition Research Center, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.
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Daliri EBM, Lee BH. Current Trends and Future Perspectives on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals. BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS IN FOOD AND NUTRACEUTICALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23177-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Complications of pregnancy are associated with adverse outcomes for mother and baby in the short and long term. The gut microbiome has been identified as a key factor for maintaining health outside of pregnancy and could contribute to pregnancy complications. In addition, the vaginal and the recently revealed placental microbiome are altered in pregnancy and may play a role in pregnancy complications. Probiotic supplementation could help to regulate the unbalanced microflora composition observed in obesity and diabetes. Here, the impact of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and infancy is reviewed. There are indications for a protective role in preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, vaginal infections, maternal and infant weight gain and allergic diseases. Large, well-designed randomised controlled clinical trials along with metagenomic analysis are needed to establish the role of probiotics in adverse pregnancy and infancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Gomez Arango
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Butterfield Street, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia,
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Giuliani C, Bacalini MG, Sazzini M, Pirazzini C, Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Luiselli D. The epigenetic side of human adaptation: hypotheses, evidences and theories. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:1-9. [PMID: 25413580 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.961960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epigenetics represents a still unexplored research field in the understanding of micro- and macro-evolutionary mechanisms, as epigenetic changes create phenotypic diversity within both individuals and populations. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to dissect the landscape of studies focused on DNA methylation, one of the most described epigenetic mechanisms, emphasizing the aspects that could be relevant in human adaptations. METHODS Theories and results here considered were collected from the most recent papers published. RESULTS The matter of DNA methylation inheritance is here described as well as the recent evolutionary theories regarding the role of DNA methylation-and epigenetics in a broader sense-in human evolution. The complex relation between (1) DNA methylation and genetic variability and (2) DNA methylation and the environmental stimuli crucial in shaping genetic and phenotypic variability through the human lineage-such as diet, climate and pathogens exposure-are described. Papers about population epigenetics are also illustrated due to their high relevance in this context. CONCLUSION Genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic variations of the species, together with cultural ones, are considerably shaped by a vast range of environmental stimuli, thus representing the foundation of all human bio-cultural adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giuliani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology
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Laker RC, Lillard TS, Okutsu M, Zhang M, Hoehn KL, Connelly JJ, Yan Z. Exercise prevents maternal high-fat diet-induced hypermethylation of the Pgc-1α gene and age-dependent metabolic dysfunction in the offspring. Diabetes 2014; 63:1605-11. [PMID: 24430439 PMCID: PMC5860829 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal conditions during early development adversely affect later health. We investigated whether maternal exercise could protect offspring from adverse effects of a maternal high-fat diet (HFD) with a focus on the metabolic outcomes and epigenetic regulation of the metabolic master regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α). Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to normal chow, an HFD, or an HFD with voluntary wheel exercise for 6 weeks before and throughout pregnancy. Methylation of the Pgc-1α promoter at CpG site -260 and expression of Pgc-1α mRNA were assessed in skeletal muscle from neonatal and 12-month-old offspring, and glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed in the female offspring at 6, 9, and 12 months. Hypermethylation of the Pgc-1α promoter caused by a maternal HFD was detected at birth and was maintained until 12 months of age with a trend of reduced expression of Pgc-1α mRNA (P = 0.065) and its target genes. Maternal exercise prevented maternal HFD-induced Pgc-1α hypermethylation and enhanced Pgc-1α and its target gene expression, concurrent with amelioration of age-associated metabolic dysfunction at 9 months of age in the offspring. Therefore, maternal exercise is a powerful lifestyle intervention for preventing maternal HFD-induced epigenetic and metabolic dysregulation in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna C. Laker
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Travis S. Lillard
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kyle L. Hoehn
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jessica J. Connelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Corresponding authors: Jessica J. Connelly, , and Zhen Yan,
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Corresponding authors: Jessica J. Connelly, , and Zhen Yan,
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