1
|
Tang S, Xu X, Yu D, Long M, Xia H, Lu Y, Gan Z. Evolutionary and functional conservation of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in amphibian Xenopus tropicalis. Gene 2023; 865:147332. [PMID: 36871675 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
As a universal adaptor used by most TLR members, the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) plays essential roles in TLR-mediated inflammatory response of invertebrate and vertebrate animals, and functional features of MyD88 remain largely unknown in amphibians. In this study, a MyD88 gene named Xt-MyD88 was characterized in the Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis). Xt-MyD88 and MyD88 in other species of vertebrates share similar structural characteristics, genomic structures, and flanking genes, suggesting that MyD88 is structurally conserved in different phyla of vertebrates ranging from fish to mammals. Moreover, Xt-MyD88 was widely expressed in different organs/tissues, and was induced by poly(I:C) in spleen, kidney, and liver. Importantly, overexpression of Xt-MyD88 triggered a marked activation of both NF-κB promoter and interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs), implying that it may be play important roles in inflammatory responses of amphibians. The research represents the first characterization on the immune functions of amphibian MyD88, and reveals considerable functional conservation of MyD88 in early tetrapods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshuai Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xinlan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, and Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Meng Long
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hongli Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, and Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhen Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, and Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alradi MF, Lu S, Wang L, Han Z, Elradi SA, Khogali MK, Liu X, Wei X, Chen K, Li S, Feng C. Characterization and functional analysis of a myeloid differentiation factor 88 in Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée larvae infected by Bacillus thuringiensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104489. [PMID: 35781013 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a pivotal adapter protein involved in activating nuclear factor NF-κB of the Toll pathway in insect innate immunity. MyD88 has been extensively studied in vertebrates and Drosophila. However, the information ascribed to MyD88 in Lepidoptera is scarce. In the present study, an Ostrinia furnacalis MyD88 (OfMyD88) cDNA was cloned and functionally characterized (GenBank accession no. MN906311). The complete cDNA sequence of OfMyD88 is 804 bp, and contains a 630 bp open reading frame encoding 209 amino acid residues. OfMyD88 has the death domain (DD), an intermediate domain, and the Toll/interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain. OfMyD88 was widely expressed in immune-related tissues such as hemocytes, fat body, midgut, and integument, with the highest expression level in hemocytes, and the lowest expression level in integument. To clarify the immune function of MyD88, O. furnacalis larvae were challenged with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) through feeding. Bt oral infection had significantly up-regulated the expression of OfMyD88 and immune genes, including PPO2 (prophenoloxidase 2), Attacin, Gloverin, Cecropin, Moricin, GRP3 (β-1, 3-Glucan recognition protein 3), and Lysozyme, and increased the activities of PO and lysozyme in hemolymph of O. furnacalis larvae. Knockdown of OfMyD88 by RNA interference suppressed the expression levels of immune related genes, but not PPO2 in the larvae orally infected with Bt, suggesting that OfMyD88 is involved in defending against Bt invasion through the Toll signaling pathway, but does not affect the PPO expression in O. furnacalis larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Alradi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Department of Medical Entomology, College of Public and Environmental Health, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Khartoum State, 13314, Sudan
| | - Shiqi Lu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Libao Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Zhaoyang Han
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Sana A Elradi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Khartoum State, 13314, Sudan
| | - Mawahib K Khogali
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Khartoum State, 13314, Sudan
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xiangyi Wei
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Kangkang Chen
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Shuzhong Li
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Congjing Feng
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan S, Wang W, Li J, Cao W, Li Q, Wu S, Wang L, Song L. The truncated MyD88s negatively regulates TLR2 signal on expression of IL17-1 in oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 133:104446. [PMID: 35569578 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling plays a key role in the innate immune recognition and inflammatory regulation in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The expanded TLR signaling components, including 83 TLRs and 10 MyD88s, have been reported in the genome of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. In the present study, one endogenous TLR (designated CgTLR2) and two MyD88s (including a full-length CgMyD88-2 containing intact TIR domain and Death-domain, and a truncated CgMyD88s with only TIR domain) were identified from oyster C. gigas. CgTLR2 was highly expressed in haemocytes, especially in granulocytes. The recombinant protein of the extracellular LRR domains of CgTLR2 recognized and bound a variety of PAMPs with the strongest binding capability to LPS. The recombinant protein of intracellular TIR domain of CgTLR2 was able to bind the recombinant proteins of rCgMyD88-2 (KD = 1.96 × 10-9 M) and rCgMyD88s (KD = 4.84 × 10-8 M), with higher affinity towards rCgMyD88-2. After Vibrio splendidus stimulation, the mRNA expression levels of CgTLR2 and CgMyD88-2 were rapidly up-regulated at early stage of immune response (from the 3rd hours after V. splendidus stimulation), while that of CgMyD88s did not change until 24 h post stimulation. When CgTLR2 was knocked-down by siRNA interference, the expression levels of CgMyD88-2 and CgMyD88s decreased significantly, concomitant with the down-regulation of expression of CgIL17-1. After the expression of CgMyD88-2 was interfered, the expressions of CgMyD88s and CgIL17-1 were all decreased. In contrast, after the expression of CgMyD88s was interfered, the expressions of CgMyD88-2 and CgIL17-1 all increased. The results showed that CgMyD88s played a negative role in the regulation of CgTLR2 on inflammatory factor CgIL17-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Fan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jialuo Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wanqing Cao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qing Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guma S, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Wu C, Chen Z, Xu J, Jiang Q, Zhang X, Wang C, Gao X. The pathogenic characterization of Citrobacter freundii and its activation on immune related genes in Macrobrachium nipponense. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105682. [PMID: 35850373 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Out breaks of mass mortalities occurred in Macrobrachium nipponense farms in Jintan county, Jiangsu Province. The bacterial isolates from M. nipponense exhibited the same phenotypic traits and biochemical characteristics, and were identified as Citrobacter freundii according to biochemical characteristics and molecular identification. The infection test revealed that the strain YG2 was pathogenic to M. nipponense, and the half lethal dose (LD50) was 3.35 × 105 CFU/mL at 7 d post-infection. Detection of virulence genes indicated that YG2 was positive for cfa, ureG, ureF, ureE, ureD, viaB, ompX, and LDH. Furthermore, the results of extracellular enzyme analysis revealed that the strain can produce protease, amylase, lecithin, urease, and hemolysin. Antibiotic resistance results showed that the isolate was resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, aboren, doxycycline, neomycin, penicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. The expression level of MyD88, α2M, CDSP, and Relish were detected in hepatopancreas, hemolymph, gills and intestine tissues by quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and clear transcriptional activation of these genes were observed in M. nipponense after C. freundii infection. These results revealed pathogenicity of C. freundii and its activation of host immune response, which will provide a scientific reference for the breeding and disease prevention in M. nipponense culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheham Guma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ziyan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Congcong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Jiangsu Jiakexing Crab Industry Co. Ltd., Yangzhou, 225116, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qu F, She Q, Li J, Zeng X, Li Y, Liu X, Ren L, Liu Z, Gao C, Lu X, Long M, Li X. Molecular Characterization of MyD88 in Anodonta woodiana and Its Involvement in the Innate Immune Response to Bacterial Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925168. [PMID: 35757761 PMCID: PMC9226314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a key adapter molecule in Toll-like receptor signal transduction that triggers downstream immune cascades involved in the host defense response to exogenous pathogens. However, the function of MyD88s in mollusks, especially in freshwater shellfish, remains poorly understood. In this study, a novel freshwater shellfish MyD88 (denoted AwMyD88) was characterized from Anodonta woodiana. The present AwMyD88 protein consists of 474 amino acids and contains a conserved a typical death domain (DD) and a conservative Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain with three typical boxes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that AwMyD88 was broadly expressed in all the examined tissues, and the highest expression level was observed in hemocytes of A. woodiana. When challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the mRNA expression levels of AwMyD88 were significantly induced in hemocytes of A. woodiana in vivo and in vitro. In addition, in vivo injection experiments revealed that MyD88 signaling pathway genes showed strong responsiveness to A. hydrophila challenge, and their expression levels were significantly upregulated in hemocytes. Knockdown of AwMyD88 reduced the transcript levels of immune related transcription factors (AwNF-κB and AwAP-1) and effectors (AwTNF, AwLYZ, AwDefense and AwAIF) during A. hydrophila infection. Moreover, subcellular localization analysis indicated that AwMyD88 was mainly localized to the cytoplasm in HEK293T cells. Finally, luciferase reporter assays revealed that AwMyD88 associates with AwTLR to activate the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways in HEK293T cells. These results suggested that AwMyD88 might be involved in the host defense response to bacterial challenge, providing new insight into the immune function of the MyD88 signaling pathway in freshwater shellfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Qu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing She
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Yumiao Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingxin Ren
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaoran Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Long
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinya Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
B HDM, Guru A, Sudhakaran G, Murugan R, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Double‐edged sword role of shrimp miRNA explains an evolutionary language between shrimp‐pathogen interactions that unties the knot of shrimp infection. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2022; 14:578-593. [DOI: 10.1111/raq.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractShrimp production, using a small‐scale enclosed pond system, is a rapidly growing aquaculture sector, which is valued around USD 18.30 billion in 2020. Intensified shrimp culture leads to the outbreak of transmissible diseases to eventually cause a huge loss in the production process and thus the economy. Studies on microRNA (miRNA) reveal that miRNA has an influential role in the host‐pathogen interaction during an infection. Recently, shrimp miRNA has been shown to help pathogen‐like viruses for their replication and infection. Several shrimp miRNAs were reported to be involved in enhancing host immunity against viral infection, especially white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection and Vibrio infection caused by bacterial species, whereas some shrimp miRNAs were reported to be hijacked by WSSV and to enhance the viral replication and establish the infection in shrimp. This gives an insight into the double‐edged sword role played by shrimp miRNA during host‐pathogen interaction. In future, this role could be employed against the virus to strengthen the shrimp culture. In this review, we discuss the role of shrimp miRNA and their mechanism(s) associated with the establishment of host‐pathogen interaction during infection, which will reveal the complexity associated with shrimp infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Deva Muthu B
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I‐AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding D, Sun XJ, Yan M, Chen Q, Gao L, Kang CJ. The ECSIT Mediated Toll3-Dorsal-ALFs Pathway Inhibits Bacterial Amplification in Kuruma Shrimp. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807326. [PMID: 35173723 PMCID: PMC8841768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll signaling pathway plays an important role in animal innate immunity. However, its activation and signal transmission greatly differ across species and need to be investigated. Shrimp farming is a worldwide economic activity affected by bacterial disease from the 1990s, which promoted research on shrimp immunity. In this study, we first proved that, among the three identified Toll receptors in Marsupenaeus japonicus kuruma shrimp, Toll 3 plays a pivotal role in initiating the antibacterial response in vivo, especially upon anti-Staphylococcus aureus infection. Further research showed that this result was due to the activation of the Dorsal transcription factor, which induced the expression of two anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (Alfs). Moreover, the evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways, ECSIT, was proved to be needed for signal transmission from Toll 3 to Dorsal and the expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors. Finally, the mortality assay showed that a Toll3-ECSIT-Dorsal-Alf axis was functional in the anti-S.aureus immunity of M. japonicus shrimp. The results provide new insights into the function and signal transduction of the Toll pathway in aquatic species and offer basic knowledge for shrimp disease control and genetic breeding.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu S, Wang X, Bu X, Zhang C, Qiao F, Qin C, Li E, Qin JG, Chen L. Influences of dietary vitamin D 3 on growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity and molting of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) larvae. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 210:105862. [PMID: 33675950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of vitamin D3 (VD3) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and molting of larval Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. A total of 6,000 larvae (7.52 ± 0.10 mg) were fed with six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets with different levels of dietary VD3 (0, 3000, 6000, 9000, 12000 and 36000 IU/kg) respectively for 23 days. The highest survival and molting frequency were found in crabs fed 6000 IU/kg VD3. Weight gain, specific growth rate, and carapace growth significantly increased in crabs fed 3000 and 6000 IU/kg VD3 compared to the control. Broken-line analysis of molting frequency, weight gain and specific growth rate against dietary VD3 levels indicates that the optimal VD3 requirement for larval crabs is 4825-5918 IU/kg. The highest whole-body VD3 content occurred in the 12000 IU/kg VD3 group, and the 25-dihydroxy VD3 content decreased with the increase of dietary VD3. The malonaldehyde content was lower than the control. Moreover, the superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity of crab fed 6000 IU/kg VD3 were significantly higher than in control. Crabs fed 9000 IU/kg showed the highest survival after 120 h of salinity stress, and the relative mRNA expressions indicate vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the important regulatory element in molting and innate immunity. The molting-related gene expressions showed that the response of crab to salinity was self-protective. This study would contribute to a new understanding of the molecular basis underlying molting and innate immunity regulation by vitamin D3 in E. sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Liu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Xianyong Bu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Fang Qiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Chuanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Sichuan, 641100, PR China
| | - Erchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Jian G Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao Q, Tang Q, Xia Z, Yi S, Cai M, Du H, Yang J, Li J, Xing Q, Luo J, Yang G. Molecular identification and functional analysis of MyD88 in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and expression changes in response to bacterial challenge. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:492-503. [PMID: 33647335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a crucial adaptor protein for Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling pathways and plays an important role in immune response. In this study, the full-length cDNA of MyD88 from Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MRMyD88) was cloned. The MRMyD88 cDNA is 1758 bp long and contains a 1398-bp open reading frame. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the amino acid sequence of MRMyD88 shared high identity with the known MyD88 proteins. The MRMyD88 mRNA was widely expressed in all examined tissues, with highest level in intestine, followed by gonad and pleopod. Furthermore, the MRMyD88 promoter region, spanning 1622 bp, contains several transcription factor-binding sites, including nine GATA-1 box motifs. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that Gfi-1, SRF, and Oct-1 bind to the upstream region of MRMyD88. Additionally, the results showed that the expression levels of TLR1, TLR2 and TLR3 were different in response to Vibrio anguillarum, Lactobacillus plantarum and Aeromonas hydrophila infections. However, these bacteria significantly increased the expression levels of MyD88 and prophenoloxidase. These data suggest that the TLR-mediated signaling pathway is MyD88-dependent in response to pathogenic and probiotic bacteria in M. rosenbergii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University; College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Qiongying Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University; College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Zhenglong Xia
- Jiangsu Shufeng Prawn Breeding Co., LTD., Gaoyou 225654, PR China
| | - Shaokui Yi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University; College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Miuying Cai
- Jiangsu Shufeng Prawn Breeding Co., LTD., Gaoyou 225654, PR China
| | - Houkuan Du
- Jiangsu Shufeng Prawn Breeding Co., LTD., Gaoyou 225654, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Jiangsu Shufeng Prawn Breeding Co., LTD., Gaoyou 225654, PR China
| | - Jingfen Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University; College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University; College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Jinping Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University; College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Guoliang Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University; College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China; Jiangsu Shufeng Prawn Breeding Co., LTD., Gaoyou 225654, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen SJ, Gan L, Guo YC, Tian LX, Liu YJ. Changes in growth performance, aflatoxin B1 residues, immune response and antioxidant status of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with AFB1-contaminated diets and the regulating effect of dietary myo-inositol supplementation. Food Chem 2020; 324:126888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
11
|
Zuo H, Weng K, Luo M, Yang L, Weng S, He J, Xu X. A MicroRNA-1–Mediated Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway by the JAK-STAT Pathway in the Invertebrate Litopenaeus vannamei. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2918-2930. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
12
|
Wang D, Zhang S, Liu B. TAF5L functions as transcriptional coactivator of MITF involved in the immune response of the clam Meretrix petechialis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:1017-1023. [PMID: 31743760 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
TAF5L is a component of the P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) histone acetylase complex, which serves as a coactivator and takes part in basal transcription such as promoter recognition, complex assembly and transcription initiation. In our study, the full-length sequence of MpTAF5L was identified and characterized in the clam M. petechialis. Sequence analysis showed that the predicted MpTAF5L protein had a N-terminal TAF5-NTD2 domain and a C-terminal WD40-repeats domain. The annotation and evolutionary analysis revealed MpTAF5L had close evolutionary relationship with other invertebrate species. Tissue distribution analysis of TAF5L claimed that it was highly expressed in the mantle, adductor muscle, foot and hepatopancreas. The mRNA expression of MpTAF5L was significantly up-regulated after Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, indicating its involvement in the immune response of clam. Yeast two-hybrid assays verified that MpTAF5L can interact with MpMITF (a critical immune-related transcription factor), and our further research clarified this interaction depended upon the N-terminal TAF5-NTD2 domain of MpTAF5L. Moreover, the mRNA expression of MpBcl-2 (a target gene of MITF) was significantly decreased but the mRNA expression of MpMITF was not significantly changed after knockdown of MpTAF5L, which indicated the reduction of MpMITF regulating activity at the same time. These results revealed that MpTAF5L interacted with MpMITF and enhanced the activation of MpMITF, which plays roles in the immune defense against V. parahaemolyticus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou SM, Zhao JJ, Tao Z, Jin S, Wang CL, Zhou QC, Yin F. Characterization, subcellular localization and function analysis of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Pt-MyD88) in swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:227-235. [PMID: 31654766 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a universal and essential adaptor protein required for the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) pathway activation in invertebrates as well as in vertebrates. Herein, we characterized a MyD88 (Pt-MyD88) cDNA sequence in the swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). The Pt-MyD88 ORF is predicted to encode 469 peptides with an N-terminal death domain and a typical C-terminal TIR domain. Real-Time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the Pt-MyD88 transcriptions were constitutively expressed in hemocytes, gill, intestine, heart and muscle in normal crab. The expressions of Pt-MyD88 would be down-regulated by V. alginolyticus or LPS challenge, and be up-regulated by WSSV infection in hemocytes. Intracellular localization showed Pt-MyD88 was distributed mainly in the cytoplasm when it was over-expressed in human cell HEK293T or in Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2). Functionally, over-expression of Pt-MyD88 could either activate the NF-κB in HEK293T cells or activate the promoters of Drosophila antimicrobial peptide genes (AMPs) in S2 cell. In primary cultured hemocytes of swimming crab, after Pt-MyD88 was knocked-down by specific long double strand RNA, the expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor1 (ALF1), hyastatin3, crustin1 and crustin3 have been significantly inhibited, while the expression of other AMPs is normal compared to non-specific dsRNA treated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qi-Cun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shen S, Che Z, Zhao X, Shao Y, Zhang W, Guo M, Li C. Characterization of a gC1qR homolog from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:216-222. [PMID: 31336155 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
gC1qR is a multifunctional and multiligand binding protein that plays important roles in inflammation and infection. In this study, a novel gC1qR homolog called AjgC1qR from the invertebrate sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was cloned and characterized. The open reading frame of AjgC1qR encoded 292 amino acid residues with a conserved mitochondrial targeting sequence and MAM33 domain. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses proved that AjgC1qR is a homolog of the gC1qR family. Spatial mRNA transcription in five tissues revealed the ubiquitous expression of AjgC1qR. The highest and lowest levels of expression were found in the tentacle and muscle, respectively, and AjgC1qR expression was remarkably up-regulated in coelomocytes after Vibrio splendidus challenge. Moreover, the recombinant rAjgC1qR protein exhibited high binding activity toward pathogen-associated molecules, such as lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan, and mannan. These findings demonstrate that AjgC1qR may play important roles in innate immunity and function as a pathogen recognition receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sikou Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Zhongjie Che
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li C, Wang S, He J. The Two NF-κB Pathways Regulating Bacterial and WSSV Infection of Shrimp. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1785. [PMID: 31417561 PMCID: PMC6683665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of diseases ordinarily results from the disruption of the balance and harmony between hosts and pathogens. Devoid of adaptive immunity, shrimp rely largely on the innate immune system to protect themselves from pathogenic infection. Two nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, the Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways, are generally regarded as the major regulators of the immune response in shrimp, which have been extensively studied over the years. Bacterial infection can be recognized by Toll and IMD pathways, which activate two NF-κB transcription factors, Dorsal and Relish, respectively, to eventually lead to boosting the expression of various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In response to white-spot-syndrome-virus (WSSV) infection, these two pathways appear to be subverted and hijacked to favor viral survival. In this review, the recent progress in elucidating microbial recognition, signal transduction, and effector regulation within both shrimp Toll and IMD pathways will be discussed. We will also highlight and discuss the similarities and differences between shrimps and their Drosophila or mammalian counterparts. Understanding the interplay between pathogens and shrimp NF-κB pathways may provide new opportunities for disease-prevention strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaozheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jia E, Zheng X, Cheng H, Liu J, Li X, Jiang G, Liu W, Zhang D. Dietary fructooligosaccharide can mitigate the negative effects of immunity on Chinese mitten crab fed a high level of plant protein diet. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:100-107. [PMID: 30267755 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was carried out under controlled condition to evaluate the effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, whole body composition, antioxidant status and immunity of crabs fed high levels of plant protein diets. Thus, six experimental diets were formulated (designated as F0P50, F0P60, F0P70, F0.2P50, F0.2P60 and F0.2P70), which contain two FOS levels (0 or 0.2%) and three plant protein levels (50, 60, or 70%) according to a 2 × 3 factorial design. The results showed that weight gain increased significantly as dietary plant protein level decreased from 70% to 50%. At 50% plant protein level, the addition of 0.2% FOS can significantly elevate weight gain (WG) (P < 0.05). The highest value in survival rate was observed in crabs fed F0.2P50 and F0.2P60 diet. Crabs fed F0.2P50 diet showed significantly higher crude protein content (P < 0.05) compared with those in other groups, but there were no significant differences in the contents of moisture, crude lipid and ash among all groups (P > 0.05). Catalase (CAT) activity in crabs fed F0.2P50 increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with crabs fed F0P60, F0P70, F0.2P60 and F0.2P70, but malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, nitric oxide (NO) concentration, acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities of crabs fed 0.2% FOS diets increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with crabs fed 0% FOS diets. The expressions of prophenoloxidase (propo) was significantly (P < 0.05) affected only by dietary plant protein levels with the highest values observed in 50% plant protein diet, whereas the opposite was true for Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88). The mRNA expressions of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mtmnsod), lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (litaf) and toll like receptors (tlrs) were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by both FOS and plant protein levels. The cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase (cytmnsod) mRNA expressions in F0.2P50 and F0.2P60 groups were significantly higher than those in F0P70 and F0.2P70 groups. The results in this study indicated that supplementation with 0.2% FOS can enhance growth performance in crabs fed lower plant protein diets and as well improve immunity in those fed with higher plant protein diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erteng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huihui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dingdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao L, Jiang X, Chen T, Sun H, Ren C. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of MyD88 from the tropical sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:1-7. [PMID: 30194053 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) named as HLMyD88 was identified from the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. The full-length cDNA of HLMyD88 is 4797 bp in size, containing a 227 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 3721 bp 3'-UTR and an 849 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 282 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 32.25 kDa HLMyD88 contains an N-terminal death domain and a C-terminal Toll/interluekin-1 receptor (TIR) domain with three highly conserved sequence motifs named as Box 1, Box 2 and Box 3. The results of luciferase reporter assay showed that over-expressed HLMyD88 in HEK293T cells could activate the transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). Additionally, the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in the HEK293T cells was increased by over-expressed HLMyD88, indicating the potential role of HLMyD88 in the innate immunity of sea cucumber. Moreover, we further confirmed that over-expressed HLMyD88 could also induce apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang Y, Wang W, Xu Z, Pan J, Zhao Z, Ren Q. Eriocheir sinensis microRNA-7 targets crab Myd88 to enhance white spot syndrome virus replication. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:274-283. [PMID: 29775740 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. In this study, the function of microRNA-7 (miR-7) in host-virus interaction was investigated. Replication of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was enhanced with the overexpression of miR-7 and inhibited with the downregulation of miR-7 by using anti-miRNA oligonucleotide AMO-miR-7. The target gene of miR-7 was predicted using bioinformatics methods. Results showed that crab myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) could be targeted by miR-7. When the expression of Myd88 was knocked down by sequence-specific siRNA, WSSV copies in crabs were significantly increased. Further findings revealed that knockdown of Myd88, Tube, or Pelle inhibited the expressions of interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 homolog (ILF2) and interleukin-16-like gene (IL-16L). While ILF2 was silenced, IL-16L expression was inhibited. The overexpression of miR-7 inhibited the expressions of ILF2 and IL-16L. Moreover, when ILF2 or IL-16L was silenced, WSSV copies in crabs were increased. Thus, the upregulated expression of miR-7 during WSSV challenge suppressed the host Myd88-ILF2-(IL-16L) signaling pathway in crabs and enhanced WSSV replication. Our study indicated that WSSV utilized crab miR-7 to enhance virus replication during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Jianlin Pan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tassanakajon A, Rimphanitchayakit V, Visetnan S, Amparyup P, Somboonwiwat K, Charoensapsri W, Tang S. Shrimp humoral responses against pathogens: antimicrobial peptides and melanization. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:81-93. [PMID: 28501515 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases have caused tremendous economic losses and become the major problem threatening the sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture. The knowledge of host defense mechanisms against invading pathogens is essential for the implementation of efficient strategies to prevent disease outbreaks. Like other invertebrates, shrimp rely on the innate immune system to defend themselves against a range of microbes by recognizing and destroying them through cellular and humoral immune responses. Detection of microbial pathogens triggers the signal transduction pathways including the NF-κB signaling, Toll and Imd pathways, resulting in the activation of genes involved in host defense responses. In this review, we update the discovery of components of the Toll and Imd pathways in shrimp and their participation in the regulation of shrimp antimicrobial peptide (AMP) synthesis. We also focus on a recent progress on the two most powerful and the best-studied shrimp humoral responses: AMPs and melanization. Shrimp AMPs are mainly cationic peptides with sequence diversity which endues them the broad range of activities against microorganisms. Melanization, regulated by the prophenoloxidase activating cascade, also plays a crucial role in killing and sequestration of invading pathogens. The progress and emerging research on mechanisms and functional characterization of components of these two indispensable humoral responses in shrimp immunity are summarized and discussed. Interestingly, the pattern recognition protein (PRP) crosstalk is evidenced between the proPO activating cascade and the AMP synthesis pathways in shrimp, which enables the innate immune system to build up efficient immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vichien Rimphanitchayakit
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suwattana Visetnan
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piti Amparyup
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kunlaya Somboonwiwat
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Walaiporn Charoensapsri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sureerat Tang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Priyathilaka TT, Bathige SDNK, Lee S, Lee J. Molecular identification and functional analysis of two variants of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) from disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:113-127. [PMID: 29074103 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a crucial adaptor protein of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)- and interleukin 1 receptor-mediated signaling pathways and is involved in a diverse array of inflammatory responses via NF-κB activation. In the present study, two MyD88 variants were identified from disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus) and designated AbMyD88-2 and AbMyD88-X. The deduced AbMyD88-2 and AbMyD88-X comprised 433 and 354 amino acids with predicted molecular masses of 48.85 kDa and 40.17 kDa, respectively. AbMyD88-2 and AbMyD88-X possessed typical MyD88 domain structural features including an N-terminal death domain (DD) and C-terminal toll interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain similar to those in mammals. Expression analysis of AbMyD88-2 and AbMyD88-X mRNA at different early embryonic developmental stages of abalone by qPCR revealed that their constitutive expression at all developmental stages analyzed with the considerably higher values at the 16-cell (AbMyD88-2) and morula stages (AbMyD88-X). In unchallenged disk abalones, AbMyD88-2 was highly expressed in muscles, while AbMyD88-X mRNA was predominantly transcribed in hemocytes. Moreover, AbMyD88-2 and AbMyD88-X mRNA were differentially modulated in abalone hemocytes after a challenge with live bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes), virus (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus), and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (lipopolysaccharides and Poly I:C). Overexpression of AbMyD88-2 and AbMyD88-X in HEK293T cells induced the activation of the NF-κB promoter. AbMyD88-2 and AbMyD88-X involvement in inflammatory responses was characterized by their overexpression in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells. These results revealed comparatively higher NO (Nitric oxide) production, induction of inflammatory mediator genes (iNOS and COX2), and proinflammatory genes (IL1β, IL6 and TNFα) expression in abalone MyD88s-overexpressing cells than in mock control in the presence or absence of LPS stimulation. Altogether, these results suggest that existence of a MyD88-dependent like signaling pathway in disk abalone and that both AbMyD88-2 and AbMyD88-X might be involved in innate immune and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC), Nanotechnology and Science Park, Mahenwatta, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri Lanka
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen M, Wang H, Yan Q, Zheng Q, Yang M, Lv Z, He M, Feng L, Zhao J, Tang T, Wu Y. Effects of dietary oxidized konjac glucomannan sulfates (OKGMS) and acidolysis-oxidized konjac glucomannan (A-OKGM) on the immunity and expression of immune-related genes of Schizothorax prenanti. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:96-105. [PMID: 27394968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, konjac glucomannan (KGM) was degraded by H2O2, and then used trisulfonated sodium amine and HCl, individually, to obtain two kinds of derivatives: oxidized konjac glucomannan sulfates (OKGMS) and acidolysis-oxidized konjac glucomannan (A-OKGM). The effects of two OKGM modified products on the immune parameters and expressions of toll-like receptor 22 (TLR22), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and interferon regulatory factors 7 (IRF7) genes in Schizothorax prenanti were determined. The alternative haemolytic complement (ACH50) activity was found to be significantly increased by the OKGMS diets. The immunoglobulin M (IgM) level was significantly enhanced by the OKGMS diets. The lysozyme activity was significantly increased by both OKGMS and A-OKGM diets. The superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in fish fed with all doses of OKGMS diets was significantly higher than that in fish fed with basal diet. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity in fish fed with 0.8% and 1.6% A-OKGM diets was significantly higher than control group. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly decreased by both OKGMS and A-OKGM diets. The 0.8% A-OKGM diet significantly up-regulated TLR22 gene expression in the head kidney and spleen. TLR22 gene expression was significantly promoted by all OKGMS diets in the mesonephros and liver. The MyD88 mRNA level in 1.6% A-OKGM group significantly increased in the head kidney. The low dose of OKGMS significantly induced the MyD88 gene expression in the mesonephros, gut and liver, while 0.8% A-OKGM group also showed a significantly enhanced MyD88 mRNA expression in the gut. High dose of OKGMS significantly increased the IRF7 mRNA expression in the mesonephros and spleen. Fish fed with low dose of A-OKGM showed significantly higher expression of IRF7 in the gut and liver. Present study suggested that OKGMS and A-OKGM can act as immunostimulant to improve the immune indexes and up-regulate the immune-related gene expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiuping Yan
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiaoran Zheng
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Lv
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Mei He
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Limei Feng
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tingting Tang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yinglong Wu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang Y, Wang W, Ren Q. Function of gC1qR in innate immunity of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 61:34-41. [PMID: 26993663 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
gC1qR is identified as the globular "head" binding protein of the C1q protein and performs an important function in innate immunity. A EsgC1qR gene was identified from the hepatopancreas of Eriocheir sinensis. EsgC1qR encodes a protein with 275 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that, together with crustaceans gC1qRs, EsgC1qR belongs to one group. EsgC1qR mRNA was detected in hemocytes, intestine, hepatopancreas, gills, eyestalk, heart, muscle, and nerve. The expression of the EsgC1qR transcript in the hepatopancreas could be regulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), peptidoglycans (PGN), Staphyloccocus aureus, or Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Recombinant EsgC1qR (rEsgC1qR) protein could bind to various bacteria, LPS, and PGN. rEsgC1qR protein also presents direct bacteria inhibitory activity. rEsgC1qR could interact with EsCnx or EsCrt. Therefore, from the results, we could speculate that EsgC1qR is involved in the innate immunity of Chinese mitten crab, E. sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, PR China
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang Y, Hui K, Jin M, Yin S, Wang W, Ren Q. Two endoplasmic reticulum proteins (calnexin and calreticulin) are involved in innate immunity in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Sci Rep 2016; 6:27578. [PMID: 27279413 PMCID: PMC4899775 DOI: 10.1038/srep27578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Calnexin (Cnx) and calreticulin (Crt), which are important chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), participate in the folding and quality control of client proteins. Cnx and Crt identified from Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) are designated as EsCnx and EsCrt, respectively. EsCnx and EsCrt are expressed in the hemocyte, hepatopancrea, gill, and intestine at the mRNA and protein level. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that EsCnx and EsCRT are located in the ER. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of EsCnx and EsCrt were altered by challenge with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), peptidoglycans (PGN), Staphyloccocus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Recombinant EsCnx and EsCrt (rEsCnx and rEsCrt, respectively) proteins can bind to various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as to different polysaccharides (LPS and PGN). rEsCnx and rEsCrt assisted in the clearance of V. parahaemolyticus in vivo, and the clearance efficiency was impaired after silencing of EsCnx and EsCrt. Our results suggest that the two ER proteins are involved in anti-bacterial immunity in E. sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity &Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Kaimin Hui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity &Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Min Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity &Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity &Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity &Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ren Y, Pan H, Pan B, Bu W. Identification and functional characterization of three TLR signaling pathway genes in Cyclina sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:150-159. [PMID: 26804650 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an ancient family of pattern recognition receptors that play a critical role in initiating and activating the innate immune system. In this study, we identified two TLR genes (CsTLR4 and CsTLR13) and the MyD88 (CsMyD88) gene using a transcriptome library from Cyclina sinensis. The sequence features and mRNA expression profiles of the genes were characterized, and their functions in the immune response were investigated to validate the TLR signaling pathway and its potential role in immune defense. The expression patterns of CsTLR4, CsTLR13 and CsMyD88 were detected in all the tissues examined from healthy clams and were primarily expressed in the hemocytes (P < 0.05), as shown by real-time PCR. Upon challenge with Vibrio anguillarum and Micrococcus luteus, they were significantly increased in hemocytes (P < 0.01), whereas only CsTLR13 and CsMyD88 were up-regulated (P < 0.01) by poly (I:C) challenge. In addition, the mRNA expression level of CsC-LYZ and CsAMP was down-regulated at 72 h (P < 0.01) after injection with CsMyD88 RNAi. These findings might be valuable for understanding the innate immune signaling pathways of C. sinensis and enabling future studies on host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China; Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Heting Pan
- Library of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Baoping Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Visetnan S, Supungul P, Tang S, Hirono I, Tassanakajon A, Rimphanitchayakit V. YHV-responsive gene expression under the influence of PmRelish regulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:572-581. [PMID: 26434714 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In animals, infection by Gram-negative bacteria and certain viruses activates the Imd signaling pathway wherein the a NF-κB transcription factor, Relish, is a key regulatory protein for the synthesis of antimicrobial proteins. Infection by yellow head virus (YHV) activates the Imd pathway. To investigate the expression of genes involved in YHV infection and under the influence of PmRelish regulation, RNA interference and suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) are employed. The genes in forward library expressed in shrimp after YHV infection and under the activity of PmRelish were obtained by subtracting the cDNAs from YHV-infected and PmRelish-knockdown shrimp with cDNAs from YHV-infected shrimp. Opposite subtraction gave a reverse library whereby an alternative set of genes under YHV infection and no PmRelish expression were obtained. Nucleotide sequences of 252 and 99 cDNA clones from the forward and reverse libraries, respectively, were obtained and annotated through blast search against the GenBank sequences. Genes involved in defense and homeostasis were abundant in both libraries, 31% and 23% in the forward and reverse libraries, respectively. They were predominantly antimicrobial proteins, proteinases and proteinase inhibitors. The expression of antimicrobial protein genes, ALFPm3, crustinPm1, penaeidin3 and penaeidin5 were tested under PmRelish silencing and Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio harveyi infection. Together with the results using YHV infection previously reported, the expression of penaeidin5 and also penaeidin3 but not ALFPm3 and crustinPm1 were under the regulation of PmRelish in the Imd pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suwattana Visetnan
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Premruethai Supungul
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 10120, Thailand
| | - Sureerat Tang
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 10120, Thailand
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Vichien Rimphanitchayakit
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ning X, Wang R, Li X, Wang S, Zhang M, Xing Q, Sun Y, Wang S, Zhang L, Hu X, Bao Z. Genome-wide identification and characterization of five MyD88 duplication genes in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and expression changes in response to bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:181-191. [PMID: 26115632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a pivotal adaptor in the TLR/IL-1R signaling pathway, which plays an important role in activating the innate immune system. Although MyD88 genes have been identified in a variety of species, they have not been systematically characterized in scallops. In this study, five MyD88 genes were identified in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), PyMyD88-1, PyMyD88-2a, PyMyD88-2b, PyMyD88-3 and PyMyD88-4, which consisted of two pairs of tandem duplications located on the same chromosome. To our knowledge, this is the largest number of MyD88 genes found in an invertebrate. Phylogenetic and protein structural analyses were carried out to determine the identities and evolutionary relationships of these genes. PyMyD88s have highly conserved structures compared to MyD88 genes from other invertebrate species, except for PyMyD88-4, which contains only a DD domain, suggesting the evolutionarily conserved form of this particular gene member. We investigated the expression profiles of PyMyD88 genes at different developmental stages and in healthy adult tissues and hemocytes after Micrococcus luteus and Vibrio anguillarum infection using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of most PyMyD88s was significantly induced in the acute phase (3-6 h) after infection with both gram-positive (M. luteus) and gram-negative (V. anguillarum) bacteria, with much more dramatic changes in PyMyD88 expression being observed after V. anguillarum challenge. Collectively, the abundance of MyD88s and their specific expression patterns provide insight into their versatile roles in the response of the bivalve innate immune system to gram-negative bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Ning
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ruijia Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xue Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mengran Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qiang Xing
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang Y, Zhao LL, Feng JL, Zhu HX, Huang X, Ren Q, Wang W. A novel integrin function in innate immunity from Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 52:155-165. [PMID: 26004499 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Integrins belong to a superfamily of conserved α β heterodimeric cell surface receptors that have critical function in cell migration, differentiation, and survival. In this study, an integrin called EsIntegrin was identified from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. EsIntegrin cDNA is 4415 bp long with a 2457 bp open reading frame that encodes an 818 amino acid protein. EsIntegrin contains a signal peptide, an integrin beta subunit (N-terminal portion of extracellular region) INB domain, an epidermal growth factor (hEGF) domain, an integrin B tail domain, a transmembrane region, and an integrin b cyt domain. EsIntegrin was mainly expressed in hemocytes and the heart, with a relatively lower expression level in gills, nerves, intestine, hepatopancreas, muscles, and eyestalk. When healthy crabs were challenged with LPS, PGN, Staphyloccocus aureus, or Vibrio parahaemolyticus, EsIntegrin expression level was upregulated significantly. Recombinant EsIntegrin has agglutination activity to Gram-positive (e.g., S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., V. parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila) in the presence of calcium. Furthermore, rEsIntegrin could not only bind to various bacteria such as S. aureus, Micrococcus luteus, B. subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus thuringiensis, V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio anguillarum, A. hydrophila, Vibrio natriegens, and Escherichia coli, but this compound also helped crabs in clearing virulent Gram-negative bacterium, V. parahaemolyticus, in vivo. These data suggested that EsIntegrin might function as cellular receptor that is involved in anti-bacterial immunity from E. sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jin-Ling Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Huan-Xi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huang Y, Chen YH, Zhang YZ, Feng JL, Zhao LL, Zhu HX, Wang W, Ren Q. Identification, characterization, and functional studies of a Pelle gene in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:704-716. [PMID: 26026692 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The toll-like receptor/NF-κB signaling pathways play an important role in the innate immune system. In the present study, one Pelle gene (named EsPelle) was identified for the first time from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The full-length cDNA of EsPelle is 3797 bp with a 3156 bp-long open reading frame that encodes a 1051 amino acid protein. EsPelle protein contains a death domain at the N-terminal and a serine/threonine kinase domain at the C-terminal. A neighbor joining phylogenetic tree showed that the EsPelle protein, which is closest to those of Scylla paramamosain Pelle and Litopenaeus vannamei Pelle, was clustered to a group of crustacean Pelle proteins. EsPelle was expressed in all tested tissues of normal crabs, and its expression was regulated in hemocytes and hepatopancreas of crabs challenged with lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, Staphyloccocus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Overexpression of EsPelle in Drosophila Schneider 2 cells could upregulate the expression of Drosophila antimicrobial peptides, namely, metchnikowin (Mtk), attacinA (Atta), drosomycin (Drs), and cecropinA (CecA). Moreover, EsPelle silencing by siRNA reduced the transcription of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 1 and 2, crustin 2, and lysozyme in crabs challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. From the results, we speculated that EsPelle was involved in innate immune defense against V. parahaemolyticus in E. sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhou Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Jin-Ling Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Huan-Xi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lu M, Zhang PJ, Li CH, Lv ZM, Zhang WW, Jin CH. miRNA-133 augments coelomocyte phagocytosis in bacteria-challenged Apostichopus japonicus via targeting the TLR component of IRAK-1 in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26223836 PMCID: PMC4519775 DOI: 10.1038/srep12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the potential roles of miRNA-133 in regulating TLR pathways in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Target screening of RNA-Seq data successfully identified interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (AjIRAK−1) as a putative target of miR-133. This result was further validated by negative expression profiles in Vibrio splendidus-challenged coelomocytes and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed cell cultures. HEK-293T cells transfected with a dual-luciferase reporter fused to the 3′UTR of wild-type or mutant AjIRAK-1 exhibited a 52.9% reduction in luciferase activity (p < 0.01) compared to controls. Co-infection with a miR-133 mimics or a specific siRNA targeting AjIRAK-1 significantly repressed the mRNA and protein expression levels of AjIRAK-1 and its downstream molecules, such as AjTRAF6 and Ajp105, in primary coelomocytes. In contrast, a miR-133 inhibitor significantly increased the expression of these TLR pathway members. The injection of miR-133 agomir or AjIRAK-1 siRNA into sea cucumbers not only decreased the expression of AjIRAK-1 and its downstream molecules but also significantly increased V. splendidus coelomocyte phagocytosis. All of the present data provide direct evidence that miR-133 is involved in TLR cascade modulation through AjIRAK-1 targeting to promote V. splendidus coelomocyte phagocytosis in these non-model invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P.R China
| | - Peng-Juan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P.R China
| | - Cheng-Hua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P.R China
| | - Zhi-Meng Lv
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P.R China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P.R China
| | - Chun-Hua Jin
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P.R China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xue Z, Li H, Wang X, Li X, Liu Y, Sun J, Liu C. A review of the immune molecules in the sea cucumber. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:1-11. [PMID: 25655326 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is very important to identify and characterize the immune-related genes that respond to pathogens. Until recently, only some of the immune-related genes in sea cucumbers had been characterized. Their expression patterns after pathogen challenges have been analyzed via expressed sequence tag libraries, microarray studies and proteomic approaches. These genes include lectins, antimicrobial peptides, lysozyme, enzymes, clotting protein, pattern recognition proteins, Toll receptors, complement C3 and other humoral factors that might participate in the innate immune system of sea cucumbers. Although the participation of some of these immune molecules in the sea cucumber's innate immune defense against invading pathogens has been demonstrated, the functions of many of the molecules remain unclear. This review focuses on the discovery and functional characterization of the immune-related molecules from the sea cucumber for the first time and provides new insights into the immune mechanisms of the sea cucumber, which opens new possibilities for developing drugs for novel anti-bacterial and antiviral applications in fisheries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xue
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Hui Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Liaoning Province Academy of Analytic Science, Shenyang 110015, China
| | - Cenjie Liu
- Dalian Institute of Product Quality Supervision & Inspection, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) MyD88 and TRAF6: characterisation, comparative homology modelling and expression. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7077-97. [PMID: 25830478 PMCID: PMC4425005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MyD88 and TRAF6 play an essential role in the innate immune response in most animals. This study reports the full-length MaMyD88 and MaTRAF6 genes identified from the blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) transcriptome profile. MaMyD88 is 2501 base pairs (bp) long, encoding a putative protein of 284 amino acids (aa), including the N-terminal DEATH domain of 78 aa and the C-terminal TIR domain of 138 aa. MaTRAF6 is 2252 bp long, encoding a putative protein of 542 aa, including the N-terminal low-complexity region, RING domain (40 aa), a coiled-coil region (64 aa) and C-terminal MATH domain (147 aa). Coding regions of MaMyD88 and MaTRAF6 genomic sequences consisted of five and six exons, respectively. Physicochemical and functional characteristics of the proteins were analysed. Alpha helices were dominant in the secondary structure of the proteins. Homology models of the MaMyD88 and MaTRAF6 domains were constructed applying the comparative modelling method. RT-qPCR was used to analyse the expression of MaMyD88 and MaTRAF6 mRNA transcripts in response to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Both genes were highly upregulated in the liver, spleen and kidney during the first 24 h after the challenge. While MyD88 and TRAF6 have been reported in various aquatic species, this is the first report and characterisation of these genes in blunt snout bream. This research also provides evidence of the important roles of these two genes in the blunt snout bream innate immune system.
Collapse
|
32
|
Visetnan S, Supungul P, Hirono I, Tassanakajon A, Rimphanitchayakit V. Activation of PmRelish from Penaeus monodon by yellow head virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:335-344. [PMID: 25463289 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Humoral innate immune response against pathogenic infection is partly responsible by the Imd pathway in which a transcription factor Relish relays the infection signals to the nuclei for the expression of antimicrobial proteins. A PmRelish gene which encoded a protein of 1195 amino acids was cloned. The PmRelish was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested and mostly up-regulated upon YHV infection. In hemocytes, the PmRelish expression was up-regulated upon Vibrio harveyi, yellow head virus (YHV) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenges. Using dsRNA silencing of PmRelish gene, it was shown that the expression of penaeidin5 but not anti-lipopolysaccharide factor ALFPm3, crustinPm1 and penaeidin3 was under the regulation of Imd pathway. Under PmRelish silencing, the shrimp were more susceptible to infection by YHV with the 50% survival rate reduced from about 72 h to 42 h. The PmRelish was detected in the cytoplasm of all the hemocytes from both uninfected and YHV-infected shrimp. The accumulation of activated PmRelish in the nuclei was not clearly observed but the activated PmRelish was detected in the YHV-infected hemocytes by Western blot analysis. Thus, the PmRelish and, hence, the Imd pathway respond to the YHV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suwattana Visetnan
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Premruethai Supungul
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 10120, Thailand
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Vichien Rimphanitchayakit
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Huang Y, Chen YH, Wang Z, Wang W, Ren Q. Novel myeloid differentiation factor 88, EsMyD88, exhibits EsTube-binding activity in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 47:298-308. [PMID: 25150191 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a universal and essential adapter protein that participates in the activation of the Toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 receptor-mediated signaling pathway. In the present study, a new MyD88 gene (named EsMyD88) was identified in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The cDNA of EsMyD88 was 2210 bp long with a 1416 bp open reading frame that encoded a protein with 472 amino acids. Predicted EsMyD88 protein had a death domain at the N-terminal and a TIR domain at the C-terminal. BLASTP and phylogenetic analysis results showed that EsMyD88 was clustered in one group together with other crustaceans MyD88 (SpMyD88, FcMyD88, LvMyD88, and LvMyD88-1). EsMyD88 was detected in all the examined tissues of healthy crabs, and was mainly expressed in the hemocytes and nerves. When normal crabs were challenged with lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, or Aeromonas hydrophila, the expression levels of EsMyD88 significantly increased either in the hepatopancreas or hemocytes. Results of the pull-down assay showed that EsMyD88 could bind to downstream cytosolic adaptor EsTube. Overexpression of EsMyD88 protein in Drosophila Schneider 2 cells led to the activation of antimicrobial peptide genes. RNA interference assay showed that EsMyD88 is involved in regulating the transcription of ALF1 and ALF2, Cru1 and Cru2, and Lys in crab challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. All the results mentioned earlier indicated that EsMyD88 gene has a key function in antibacterial innate immune defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Deepika A, Sreedharan K, Paria A, Makesh M, Rajendran KV. Toll-pathway in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) responds to white spot syndrome virus infection: evidence through molecular characterisation and expression profiles of MyD88, TRAF6 and TLR genes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:441-454. [PMID: 25266891 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Toll-pathway plays key roles in regulating the innate immune response in invertebrates. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and Tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) are key molecules in this signalling pathway. To investigate the role of Toll-pathway in innate immune response of shrimp, Penaeus monodon, MyD88 (PmMyD88) and TRAF6 (PmTRAF6) were identified and characterised. PmMyD88 cDNA is 1716 bp long with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1449 bp encoding a putative protein of 482 amino acids, with a death domain, a TIR domain and C-terminal extension domain. PmTRAF6 cDNA is 2563 bp long with an ORF of 1785 bp (594 amino acids) with an N-terminal RING-type zinc finger domain, two TRAF-type zinc finger domains, a coiled region and a MATH domain. In healthy shrimp, PmMyD88, PmTRAF6 and PmToll were detected in 15 tissues with the highest expression in midgut, eyestalk and lymphoid organ, respectively. Responses of these genes to WSSV in experimentally-infected P. monodon as well as in cultured haemocytes and also effect of poly I:C on the gene expression in vitro was investigated at six time-points in seven tissues. PmToll showed significant up-regulation at all time-points of infection in six tissues and until 24 h post-infection in vitro. However, poly I:C-induced haemocytes showed up-regulation of the gene until 48 h post-exposure. WSSV caused significant up-regulation of PmMyD88 in most of the tissues tested. The virus challenge as well as poly I:C induction in vitro also resulted in significant up-regulation of the gene. Up-regulated expression of PmTRAF6 was detected in haemocytes and lymphoid organ at late stage of infection. In vitro virus challenge showed significant up-regulation of PmTRAF6 at almost all time-points whereas no significant change in the expression was observed on poly I:C induction. The responses of these key genes, observed in the present study, suggest that Toll-pathway as a whole may play a crucial role in the immune response against viruses in shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Deepika
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - K Sreedharan
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Anutosh Paria
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - M Makesh
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - K V Rajendran
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400 061, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Patnaik BB, Patnaik HH, Seo GW, Jo YH, Lee YS, Lee BL, Han YS. Gene structure, cDNA characterization and RNAi-based functional analysis of a myeloid differentiation factor 88 homolog in Tenebrio molitor larvae exposed to Staphylococcus aureus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:208-221. [PMID: 24755285 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), an intracellular adaptor protein involved in Toll/Toll-like receptor (TLR) signal processing, triggers activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) transcription factors. In the present study, we analyzed the gene structure and biological function of MyD88 in a coleopteran insect, Tenebrio molitor (TmMyD88). The TmMyD88 gene was 1380 bp in length and consisted of five exons and four introns. The 5'-flanking sequence revealed several putative transcription factor binding sites, such as STAT-4, AP-1, cJun, cfos, NF-1 and many heat shock factor binding elements. The cDNA contained a typical death domain, a conservative Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, and a C-terminal extension (CTE). The TmMyD88 TIR domain showed three significantly conserved motifs for interacting with the TIR domain of TLRs. TmMyD88 was grouped within the invertebrate cluster of the phylogenetic tree and shared 75% sequence identity with the TIR domain of Tribolium castaneum MyD88. Homology modeling of the TmMyD88 TIR domain revealed five parallel β-strands surrounded by five α-helices that adopted loop conformations to function as an adaptor. TmMyD88 expression was upregulated 7.3- and 4.79-fold after 12 and 6h, respectively, of challenge with Staphylococcus aureus and fungal β-1,3 glucan. Silencing of the TmMyD88 transcript by RNA interference led to reduced resistance of the host to infection by S. aureus. These results indicate that TmMyD88 is required for survival against Staphylococcus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongray Howrelia Patnaik
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Won Seo
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City 336-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Luel Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Defense Proteins, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Jangjeon Dong, Kumjeong Ku, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jiang H, Li F, Zhang J, Zhang J, Huang B, Yu Y, Xiang J. Comparison of protein expression profiles of the hepatopancreas in Fenneropenaeus chinensis challenged with heat-inactivated Vibrio anguillarum and white spot syndrome virus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 16:111-123. [PMID: 24057166 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-013-9538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Chinese shrimp) culture industry, like other Penaeidae culture, has been seriously affected by the shrimp diseases caused by bacteria and virus. To better understand the mechanism of immune response of shrimp to different pathogens, proteome research approach was utilized in this study. Firstly, the soluble hepatopancreas protein samples in adult Chinese shrimp among control, heat-inactivated Vibrio-challenged and white spot syndrome virus-infected groups were separated by 2-DE (pH range, 4-7; sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and pH range, 3-10; tricine-SDS-PAGE). Then the differentially expressed protein spots (≥1.5-fold or ≤0.67-fold averagely of controls) were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Using Mascot online database searching algorithm and SEQUEST searching program, 48 and 49 differentially expressed protein spots were successfully identified in response to Vibrio and white spot syndrome virus infection, respectively. Based on these results, we discussed the mechanism of immune response of the shrimp and shed light on the differences between immune response of shrimp toward Vibrio and white spot syndrome virus. This study also set a basis for further analyses of some key genes in immune response of Chinese shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ren Q, Chen YH, Ding ZF, Huang Y, Shi YR. Identification and function of two myeloid differentiation factor 88 variants in triangle-shell pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 42:286-293. [PMID: 24090967 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a universal and essential adapter protein that participates in the activation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)/interleukin-1 receptor-mediated signaling pathway. In this study, two MyD88 genes (HcMyD88-1 and HcMyD88-2) were identified from triangle-shell pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii). Both HcMyD88-1 and HcMyD88-2 proteins were determined to have a death domain at the N-terminal and a TIR domain at the C-terminal. Both HcMyD88-1 and HcMyD88-2 genes were mainly expressed in the hepatopancreas of healthy mussels. HcMyD88-1 and HcMyD88-2 slightly responded to Gram-negative bacterial challenge. Upon bacterial challenge with Gram-positive Staphyloccocus aureus, HcMyD88-1 and HcMyD88-2 transcription levels remarkably increased at 2 and 6h, respectively. Overexpression of HcMyD88-1 and HcMyD88-2 proteins in Drosophila Schneider 2 cells led to the activation of antimicrobial peptide genes. These results indicated that HcMyD88-2 had higher activity than HcMyD88-1 during the activation of attacin A, drosomycin, and metchnikowin genes, suggesting that HcMyD88 genes may play a role in antibacterial innate immune defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors that recognize microbial/vial-derived components that trigger innate immune response, which indicate these molecules play a role in host defense against infection. The infection often precedes numerous disorders including glomerular diseases (glomerulonephritis (GN)). It is reported that TLRs are also involved in the risk and progression of GN, and TLRs may be potential therapeutic targets for GN. To date, a number of studies have found that TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of GN. There is a paucity of reviews in the literature discussing signaling pathways and gene expression for TLRs in GN. This review was performed to provide a relatively complete signaling pathway flowchart for TLRs to the investigators who were interested in the roles of TLRs in the pathogenesis of GN. In the past decades, some studies were also performed to explore the association of TLRs gene expression with the risk of GN. However, the role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of GN remains controversial. Here, the signal transduction pathways of TLRs and its role of gene expression in the pathogenesis of GN were reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hou F, Wang X, Qian Z, Liu Q, Liu Y, He S, Mi X, Bai C, Sun C, Liu X. Identification and functional studies of Akirin, a potential positive nuclear factor of NF-κB signaling pathways in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:703-714. [PMID: 23962743 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As conserved nuclear factors, Akirins play critical roles in regulating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) transcription downstream of NF-κB dependent signaling pathways in insects and mammals. However, no any functional studies was reported in penaeid shrimp. The identification and functional analysis of Akirin in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei were made in this research. The 833 nucleotides cDNA of Litopenaeus vannamei Akirin (LvAkirin) was obtained with an open reading frame of 639 bp, which encodes a putative protein of 212 amino acids. The molecular weight of LvAkirin is about 23.7 kDa with theoretical pI of 9.05. Two predicted nuclear localization signals (NLSs) were found and amino acid sequence alignments showed that Akirins are highly conserved between insects and mammals. The constitutive expression of LvAkirin mRNA was confirmed in all the examined tissues and high level appeared in testis followed by hemocytes and gill. LvAkirin mRNA was strongly induced in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Silencing LvAkirin by dsRNA significantly reduced the expression of NF-κB dependent anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, crustin and penaeidin3a as well as transcription factors, Dorsal and Relish post Vibrio anguillarum (V. anguillarum) and Micrococcus lysodeikticus (M. lysodeikticus) challenge. Antibacterial activities of shrimp plasma was analyzed and high cumulative mortality was found in LvAkirin-silenced shrimps post bacteria challenge. Hence, we proposed LvAkirin might function as a positive nuclear factor of NF-κB dependent signaling pathways in shrimp innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lu Y, Li C, Zhang P, Shao Y, Su X, Li Y, Li T. Two adaptor molecules of MyD88 and TRAF6 in Apostichopus japonicus Toll signaling cascade: molecular cloning and expression analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:498-504. [PMID: 23886491 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) are two key adaptor molecules in Toll-like receptor signal transduction that triggers downstream cascades involved in innate immunity. Here we reported the isolation and characterization the full-length cDNAs of MyD88 and TRAF6 from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (denoted as AjMyD88 and AjTRAF6, respectively). Both of two factors shared a remarkable high degree of structural conservation with their mammalian and Drosophila orthologs, such as a typical death domain (DD) and a conservative Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain for the deduced amino acid of AjMyD88, a zinc finger of RING-type, two zinc fingers of TRAF-type, a coiled-coil region, and a MATH domain for that of AjTRAF6. Constitutive expression patterns were also observed in the two genes with different expression levels. AjMyD88 mRNA transcripts were higher expressed in intestine and respiratory trees, and AjTRAF6 were abundant in coelomocytes and tentacle. During Vibrio splendidus challenge experiment, the expression levels of two genes were increased significantly with larger amplitude and longer duration in AjTRAF6. The peak expression levels were detected at 6 h for AjMyD88 with 1.80-fold increase, and at 24 h for AjTRAF6 with 2.73-fold increase compared with that in the control group. All these results suggested that AjMyD88 and AjTRAF6 might be involved into immune response toward V. splendidus challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|